UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 2683 8 I DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDnnDDDDDDDDDa D n a D D D D a <^°'«^**-* D D a a /j*X h\ n D a > ^1 f^T /€l '^ n o ^ ^\tF la' ■? D a ■5> ^^^ylv^sr '^ D D a '^^»*' D D a D a D a D D a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS D D a Q LIBRARY D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D a D a D a D D D D ° n D D ° 1 n D 1 n D Q D □ D n D D a D a D a a a D D D D a D D D p D 1 a D a D D □ D DDDDDDDDDODDDDaDDDDDDDDDDanDDDDD UBRm vfrnrnvTy AMHEuiX MASS. t? T-y.v. " This materia! may be protected by copyright la\^ (Title 17 U.S. Code). PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1,00 PER ANNUM. J^i^!^ ^-^Ilf^.^ C ,^i^ AMER»C/X->^ 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 7, 1897." No. 1. Making Honey-Vltiegar — How It is Done. BY C. P. DADABT. [Having received several Inquiries regarding the making of honey- vinegar, W8 requested the Dadant'B to write an article on tne subjet^t, ae we knew they were experts at this business. The following Is what we received, and will bo read with much profit.— Editor.] Vinegar, originally, was only sour wine, (»ln algre), but it is now made from all sorts of beverages, and ttie common vin- egar of commerce Is made by the distillation of wood (pyrolig- or become somewhat sour, and these remnants can only be utilized for this purpose. In malting honey-vinegar, we use only Inferior grades of honey, such as honey-dew, or thin honey that has already fer- mented. We also use all the washings of our cappings. We have often noticed that many bee-keepers render up their cap- pings into wax without having previously washt them, and when we receive the beeswax from them. It is still stlclcy with honey. This does no damage to the wax, but it Is a waste for the apiarist, and this waste is unnecessary. When the honey is all extracted and the cappings well drained of their honey, so that they seem entirely dry, we put them into a largs boiler with just water enough to soak them. This water is heated a little helow the melting point of beeswax — say to 120^, or a little above this — to a point where you can ]ust endure the fingers In it. The cappings are stirred in this water, then the water is prest out. For this purpose, we use a very small elder-press, but the same work may be done almost as well with the hands while the wax is soft. The press goes faster and does the work more thoroughly. The water thus obtained looks dark and dirty, but if your cappings have been well cared for Apiary of Mr. J. E. Enyart, of Oentry County, Mo. — See page 5. neous acid). Unprincipled dealers have been known to add, to the vinegar, water and sulphuric acid, a very injurious prep- aration. Qur farmers, here, make all their vinegar from elder. In England It Is made from malt, and even from beer. But the best vinegar Is made from grape-wine or from honey. In making our honoy-vlnegar, we always use a little wine, for two reasons. In the first place, It helps to make ft. Id the second place, as we are grape-growers, and make considerable wine, we often have remnants that lose In quality the only thing In them, to cause any residue. Is the propolis, and we all know that there is nothing disgusting about It. After the vinegar Is made, all this will disappear, without leaving any trace, as It settles In the dregs. The honey-water is now tested. We use a must-scale, but as our readers do not have such au Instrument, we will give them an easy test, viz : Take a fresh egg, and drop it In the liquid. If it floats, showing a portion of Its shell, of the size of a dime, the liquid Is of proper strength. If it sinks, you must add more honey, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jaa. 7, diluting It well, till the egg comes up. If the egg projects too much, add more water. To make the vinegar from honey, we use from l>i to 2 pounds to the gallon, according to the strength wanted. The sweeter the liquid, the stronger the vinegar, when made. But the weaker It is, the quicker it is made. The reason of this Is that a small percentage of sweet diluted, changes more promptly Into alcohol and Into acid than a largo quantity. If you put In too much honey, some of It may remain unfermented for a long time, and a very heavy solution would probably never all change by fermentation. The weaker the bever- age, the quicker It sours. Bear In mind that the fermentation of any sweet or any frult-julce is flrst alcoholic, then acetic. No acetic, or vine- gar fermentation, can occur till an alcoholic fermentation has taken place, and the more thorough the alcoholic fermentation Is, the more thorough the acetic change will be. After our honey-water has been made, we must induce the fermentation by some means. The temperature must be right, about TCP Fahrenheit, and It Is best to Induce by heating the liquid even as high as 90° or 100= if It has not already been heated as above mentioned. A little of excess is not so Injurious as a low temperature, provided, however, that you do not reach the germ-killing point— 16U^ to 170^. If your liquid was heated to this point. It would have to stand till it had absorbed more ferment germs from the atmosphere, and this would be slow. Most honey contains plenty of ferment germs, and It needs but little Inducement to start the alcoholic fermentation. If, however, there Is any delay a little fruit-juice, fresh grape- juice, fresh cider, or even a little yeast will soon give it a start. The liquid Is put Into barrels lu a warm, sheltered place, the barrel being tilled only about two-thirds, as the boiling of fer- mentation will cause it to rise and a full barrel would spill pan of Its contents. The bung-hole is covered with a thick cloth to keep the gnats and files away. If the vinegar Is made during cool weather, it Is best to keep It in a warm room, or in a cellar heated by a furnace. This is where we keep ours. But, if you have no place in which to keep It warm, and must leave It In a cool place till summer comes again, it will do no harm, but the vinegar will be that much longer in getting made. If your vinegar making is carried on in a warm place, in the winter, where there is no fear of flies, give It ail the air you can. Bear in mind that It takes oxygen, b:th for the alco- holic and for the acetic fermentation, and this oxygen is to be had only in the air. That Is why wine-makers leave their casks open as long as the alcoholic fermentation lasts in the wines, but take good care to fill up the casks and bung them up tightly before there is any chance for the acetic change. We must, therefore, give our vinegar all the air we can, and If we want to make It rapidly, we must transfer It from one vessel to another as often as we can. Vinegar-makers pour their vinegar over beech-shavings, which assist in airing it, and re- tain much of the lees or sediment. But it is not nece.saary to go to all this trouble, for after the fermentation has been well started It will continue with more or less speed, according to circumstances, till good vinegar Is produced. After the alcoholic fermentation has been well started. It Is easy to Induce the acetic fermentation, by the addition of sour wine, or sour vinegar, In a small quantity. We make It a practice to always keep at least two barrels of vinegar, the one sour, the other souring, and we retlll the one from the other occasionally. If the vinegar iswantod clear, it must be rackt, by remov- ing all but ihe lees, and the latter need not be thrown away, but may be used with new vinegar to help its formation. Good wine or cider must not be kept In the same collar with vinegar, as the germs of the vinegar, floating through the air, will induce the acetic fermentation very readily in the former. Good vinegar usually contains millions of small animalcu- les which prevent It from having a crystallino appearance. These may be destroyed by heating to 1 1 tP and will then set- tle to the'buttom with the lees or dregs. Lot it not be supposed, however, that they are injurious, for millions of those are evi- dently consumed In every glassful of good vinegar, and one should beware of vinegar that does not contain any, for it Is probably made of poisonous compounds that kill theni. But It is lucky that our house-keepers do not have eyes gifted with microscopic power, or thoy would relegate good vinegar out of the domain of the kitchen. The writer, at the North American convention. In St. Joseph, Mo., In 1894, met a young bee-keepHr who had tried to make vinegar and had succeeded, but said that he bad to throw It away because It was full of little snakes, which he had de- tected by holding a very thin vial of the vinegar In the sun- light. It must have undoubtedly been flrst-class vinegar, and he was very much astonlsht to hear that he could with difS- culty find any good vinegar that did not contain such snakes, unless it had been heated. To help strengthen vinegar that is making too slowly, pour it over crusht fruits, grape-skins, apple-pumice, or even apple-parlngs, but, above all things. If you want it to make fast, be sure it has plenty of air at the right temperature. We have now In our house-cellar, three or four barrels of wine and honey-vinegar that has been a year In making, because it was not kept warm enough. Ilancock Co., III. Introducing Queens with Tobacco Smoke. BY DB. K. QALLni*. In Gleanings for Nov. 1, Editor Root, in commenting on my method of introducing queens, says: "The use of tobacco smoke for the purpose of uniting or introducing, should be condemned, especially In the hands of beginners." Because, of their using it in fumigating their bees to keep them at home from county fairs, he thinks It Injures the bees, etc. I can see quite a difference between fumigating^ sufliclent to safely introduce a queen — say at the outside lO seconds — or stupefying them sufficient to keep them at home all day. I strongly condemned the use of tobacco smoke for common purposes about the bees, years ago — I was going to say, before Editor Root was born, but I guess I will not, for I don't know exactly how old he is. Now for what others say about introducing with tobacco smoke. A. I. Root, on page 188 of the " A B C of Bee-Cul- ture, says : " Immediately after the honey season the bees are apt to be out of sorts with everybody and everything, and at such times it is pretty hard to make them accept a queen. If ordi- nary methods fall, give them a little tobacco smoke — just enough to Intoxicate them a little." A little further along he says: " I remember oue year we received an importation of 50 queens ; half of them were given to neighbor H. to in- troduce, while we rotaiued the other half. Neighbor H. had entire success In Introducing all of his, while we lost some four or five of ours. Both used the same methods of preparing the colonies. The difference was, that Mr. H. used a little tobacco smoke on every one he introduced, while we used none." So much for A. I. Root. Henry Alley, in his "Thirty Years Among the Bees," page 39, recommends the bees to be fumigated with tobScco smoke, just before sunset. He further says; "I have no doubt that during the past 30 years I have introduced 50,000 queens with an average loss of not over 3 per cent. I have Introduced 100 queens by this method In one hour." Dr. Tinker, In his "Bee-Keeping for Profit," page 32, says : " If a queen Is found balled rescue her. In this case It is no use to try again. She can only be Introduced upon combs of hatching brood." Now right there and then I should be Just meau enough to give t^hem a dose of tobacco smoke, and give it with a good will, too. I would show them who was running the shebang 1 I guess Editor Root was " straining at a gnat," etc. I have Introduced more or less with tobacco smoke for the past 50 years, and have never In all that time lost a single queeu when I used this smoke method. And, then, I think It quite an advantage, to know that wo can take out the old queen and have a new one Introduced safely in 15 minutes, Instead of being three or four days about it. I am not anxious to have every one adopt my plan. When bees are breeding rapidly, and gathering abundance of nectar, different plans will succeed. The loss of four or five imported queens would bo quite an Itom with me. Orange Co., Calif. Bee-Economy — The Queen and Swarming. BY PHOF. A. J. COOK. The replies to the Inquiry on page 083 (last year) were a surprise to me. Were it not that so many of our wisest aud most keenly observant apiarists — In fact, about all that record their opiuion— seem agreed, I would think all were wrong. When I find such unanimity of opinion against me, I always conclude that very likely I am wrong, and I always study closely to see where I have erred. But In this case I can see a reason why all the others may be In error and I in the right. The inquiry implies that when a young queen goes forth to mate the bees sometimes swarm out with her. This point is conceded by all that express an opinion. I doubt the truth of the statement contained in the Inquiry. i8y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. I should feel very certain that it is error were it not that so many, who have long been able students of apiculture and the habits of the bees, accede to the proposition. In all the old-time bee-literature we read that the queen leads the swarm. The very name " queen " is in this sense misleading. So we see that there is something in a name. The rose would doubtless smell as sweet with any other name, but men would often reason more correctly and be more sure to speak the truth were everything rightly named. The queen is in no sense a queen. She is often maltreated, killed. I do not be- lieve that she ever leads forth a swarm. I have watcht at the entrance of hives scores and scores of times, and never yet have I known a queen to lead forth a swarm. She usually comes forth after most of the bees are on the wine, gyrating about the hive as they wait for her to come forth. They often begin to cluster before she comes out from the old home. This Is not only true when the old queen goes out with a swarm, but in all cases observed by me it is equally true of the virgin queens that are to go forth to a new home and region. It is well to study the economy of 'the hive or its inmates before we conclude in such matters. Is it possible that this old, erro- neous view has deceived the very elect ? The queen, I believe, never goes forth from a colony ex- cept to mate or with a swarm. She may go out two or more times to mate, and will unless she is successful the first time. In this case she goes not because a swarm is issuing, but for an entirely different purpose. She goes forth, circles about for a little, and starts off on her mission ; which is to meet a drone and not to hie forth with a swarm. She is off before the swarm would be out, and of course if the few that might fol- low on — in case they ever do this — should accompany the queen, they would start off at once and not cluster. 1 have never known such an event to occur. Has any one ? Swarming is an entirely different matter. Impelled by too crowded quarters, or some other want of balance, the bees push out, but are not led by the queen, and before she comes forth, or soon after, they commence to cluster, and will be joined by the queen. The very fact that she is not among the first to come forth, seems to me to show that she has no plan of mating before her, but with the other bees, swarming is now in mind, and she goes forth to swarm ; will cluster and behave as bees always do when intent on increase of colonies. The inquiry is as follows: "When a young queen flies out on her bridal trip, the bees sometimes swarm out with her. Does such a swarm sometimes remain out permanently without returning? And if so, in about what proportion of cases?" To answer fully as I believe, I would say : I doubt if bees ever swarm out with the queen as she goes forth ou the mar- riage flight. When she goes forth to mate she goes alone and the bees remain behind and keep at their regular work. When they go with her, all have another purpose in view, and be- have very differently. The bees lead forth, the queen follows : they cluster, and soon, unless hived, go forth to a place pre- viously lookt up and prepared for their new home. We all know that'swarming is always preceded by such preparation hours before, and also that the bees behave very differently on the day that the swarm is to leave. Why should we conclude that the bees go out with the queen ? Why not, rather, conclude that if the bees do accompany the queen, they were to go out to swarm, and she to accompany them, and not to mate. Then, to answer the question, I would say: No; the swarm never goes out with the queen as she starts off to mate ; but if they do go they all go as a swarm, and no mat- ing at all is in contemplation as such times. In case a swarm goes out with a young virgin queen as they are very likely to do, in case the season is favorable and the beekeeper does not work to prevent it, they will act much as does a first swarm with the old queen, that is, cluster, aad, after sometime of rest, fly forth to the new home. The young queen is light and nimble, and very likely will fly further before clustering, and cluster higher. I have rarely known a first swarm to cluster more than five or six feet from the ground. I have known second swarms to cluster full 80 feet from the earth. This may have been simply acci- dental, but I think not. Old first swarms rarely go any great distance before alighting; while second swarms may go off several rods. I have known swarms to cluster for miles away from the apiary ; and in more than one case to remain overnight. In such cases I have believed that the queen was tired out, and that the bees halted to give her a rest. It has often occurred to me that the queen seems an ex- ception to all other animals in her habit of flight. If we should not use any special muscles for days, not to say months or a year, we would find it difficult to exercise. The queen may have been without use of her wings for a full year, and yet she goes forth with the swarm to fly perhaps a mile or more, and often flies with great rapidity. The fact of the long flight of the virgin queen is hardly less a surprise. She may never have tried her wings, and yet she goes forth for a long trip at the time of her first flight. I have wondered if the clustering habit was not because of this exceptional feat on the part of the queen-bee. We can well understand that the queen would need a rest. The clustering for an hour or two after her first short flight would fit her the better for this new kind of experience. I have stated above that the new home is always sought out and prepared sometime before the swarm issues. It is possible that I am hasty in coming to this conclusion, but I have positive evidence that it has occurred on several occa- sions, and as we know that bees act about the same at all times and in all places, I conclude that bees always have their home in readiness before the swarm issues from its old home. In one case I saw bees cleaning out an old hive in such num- bers that I thought a swarm had entered it ; soon they all left, and the next day a now swarm came to that hive. Another case that I knew, the bees about 11 o'clock were seen in one side of a building, flying in and out through a hole, in such numbers that it was supposed a swarm had taken possession of the place. Soon all the bees left, but in the afternoon a large colony came and took possession of the place. I have known several such cases — enough to convince me, if not enough to prove that this is always the case. It were well if we knew exactly the cause, or causes, that lead to swarming. There is but little doubt that crowded quarters, and the discomforts arising from such condition is a chief cause. Yet every extensive, observing bee-keeper has known swarming to occur when there was no great crowd of bees; and rarely when there were frames without comb. It is not infrequent that bees leave the hive when it is depleted of honey, or when it is foul with the excreta from diarrhea in cases of disastrous wintering. It would seem as if discomfort might be the one impelling cause of swarming, even though the unrest was due to abnormal cause. The honored Mr. Quinby's desire for a queen that would produce bees void of the swarming instinct has been shared by many since Mr. Quinby exprest it. If we knew that discom- fort was the cause, we would study to forestall all discomfort, and so attain the desideratum. Even if unrest, natural or from disastrous consequence, be the cause, we need not despair breeding it out. We know some people possess marvel- ous fortitude, and keep their equipoise, even when darkest clouds threaten ; there is no reason to think that bees may not differ in temperament, as well as human beings. I have no doubt but that such is the case, and have full faith that this and all other desirable qualities await development at the hands of the wise, painstaking, patient breeder of the deni- zens of the hive. Los Angeles Co., Calif. Yellow Sweet Clover— Melilotus Officinalis. BY MRS. L. E. R. LAMBRIGGER. When I first began talking up sweet clover, I used the words "sweet clover" only, not dreaming that people in gen- eral were ignorant of the fact that there are two varieties, but I am beginning to learn that a writer cannot plain his state- ments any too carefully. From letters in the bee-papers, as well as private letters received ; also from remarks dropped by prominent bee-men, I am led to conclude that very few people know anything about yellow sweet clover, while the few who do seem to eye it with suspicion. If there is one trait upon which I pride myself more than another, it is that of accuracy. I never intend to write any- thing for the press that I have to take back afterward ; I may commit such a blunder sometime, but never have yet. Now for the subject in hand. I am indebted to Mr. M. M. Baldridge, of Illinois, for a copy of his bulletin (No. 1) on White Melilot. I am perfectly familiar with the plant, and wish to say for that gentleman's benefit, as well as all others interested, that while what he claims for it is perfectly correct, the yellow melilot will do all that the white will do, and — more. I have sent him a packet of the seed, and feel confident that in the near future he will issue a bulletin holding forth the merits of yellow sweet clover. In speaking of this plant I can do no better than to repro- duce, or repeat, if you please, what I said of it in the Nebraska Farmer, under date of Oct. 15, 1896. Each seed produces many branches (or stools, if you pre- fer), and each branch produces a flower-spike. It does more than that, since every branch sends out many branchlets, and each brancblet throws up a flower-spike also. Hence it wilt THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 7, be seen that the number of blooms o?ie plant is capable of sending forth mounts into the hundreds. The white variety is more erect and tree-like in habit than the yellow; produces fewer spikes of bloom, and its stems are more woody; for honey purposes, we would prefer one acre of the yellow to four of the white, while for hay and pasture one acre of the yellow is preferred to a dozen of the white. Now, of course, this broad statement is based upon the difference in behavior of the two varieties here in northern Nebraska. The aromatic odor of the two is identical, and to me ex- tremely pleasant, therefore I cannot understand why any one should accuse it of making the " atmosphere stuffy," as has been done more than once in Nebraska during the past year. If any bee-keeper can endorse the accusation please let him be heard from. In quoting from my article, Dr. Miller asks, in Gleanings, "Now who can tell us something more?" referring to the value of the j'ellow. Present indications are that no one seems in a hurry to speak out; are we to infer that they don't know? The best thing you can do, Doctor, is to obtain some of the seed and try it yourself. Seeing is believing, unless we happen to have a faulty vision, which I do not think is the case with our genial Dr. Miller. In his valuable little book, " A Year Among the Bees," he states that his attempts at providing bee-pasturage have not been attended with much success ; melilot, figwort, cleome, buckwheat, and others, having failed to respond to coaxing. Now I can arrive at only one of two conclusions regarding the why : Either that nat- ural conditions for honey-production are far better in some times unfortunate though much maligned Nebraska than they are in my native State, or — that the Doctor, while he may be an excellent physician and a successful bee-keeper, must be lacking in those qualities which go to make up a clever horti- culturist. Better come to northern Nebraska, Doctor, where Nature sows the seed, waters the plants, and matures the crop, independent of man's aid. We are wintering our bees on their summer stands, with abundant stores at their command. If they come through all right, I will tell you how we fixed them ; if they don't, I may keep still. Knox Co., Nebr. The Bee Journal — Amalgamatioii —Experiences with Swindling Commission-Men. BV C. THEILMANN. With the permission of the editor of the American Bee Journal, I would like to say a few words to bee-keepers, some of which will be new, interesting and beneScial to them. This is the time of year to renew or subscribe for our bee-periodicals, as we have ample time to read and inform ourselves during the long winter evenings, especially those who have to perform their work in the daytime. I would ad- vise all bee-keepers to take the American Bee Journal, not because it is the oldest bee-paper in America, but because its editor is the right man in the right place for the fraternity ; his ambition and character are just what we need. When I say this, I am not flattering the editor, for these are real facts, which prove themselves to every one who has read the American Bee Journal for at least the past four or five months. Mr. York has saved the bee-keepers, this season alone, thou- sands of dollars on their honey crop, by exposing, /car(cs.s(jy, the dishonest commission-men, in the American Bee Journal, even at the risk of being prosecuted for libel, which was threatened a number of times. No one in our whole fraternity knows this any better than I do. No other bee-paper came to the front to expose the swindlers before the Bee Jour- nal did. Some held back for awhile, while others even advcr- tlscil for the thieves and swindlers |>in»; Coinit Honey.— About the middle of Decem- ber we had some actual "experience " in receiving a shipment of coml) honey from Minnesota in a smasht-up couditiou. It has made us feel a little sympathetic toward commission-men, or those who haudle comb honey in any way. There was about 2,300 pounds of white comb honey in 24-pound single-tier cases, that had come about 50J miles by freight on the Chicago & Northwestern railroad. It was not crated as it should have been— .say about 20U pounds (S cases) in a crate with handles at each end, and with straw or hay in the bottom and at the ends to prevent jarring when switching or starting the train, in hand- ling, etc. Well, wo got it from the depot, and when we gazed at the broken down combs our heart sank within us. We could hardly believe that any one nowadays would think of shipping comb honey in that way. But there it was— a leaky, sticky, dauby job ahead of us. We started in, and with some extra help opened every case, took out each broken comb and its section-box, and with common white cord fastened the comb in its former place by tying the cord both ways around the section-box. This kept each comb fairly ujiright, though in a leaking condition. We went through all the cases, some of them with fully half the contents broken down. Where over one-fourth were thus broken, we removed the whole of them, and with a wet cloth wiped the inside of the case, and put new paper in the bottom. We repackt the whole lot. putting the string-tied broken combs all in cases by themselves, and the uninjured sections of honey in separate cases. When we were through we had about 550 pounds of the broken-down honey. This latter was sold to a honey commission-man here for 7 cents per pound, and probably found its way finally into the hands of what are known as "cutters"— firms who cut up comb honey and put it into tumblers with glucose surrounding the comb. We want to say right here and now, that we ilmi't want another such a sweet, stuck-up job on our hands. We believe the one just described would have been wholly unnecessary had the shipper packt the cases of honey in large crates with handles, etc., as has been so frequently advised in these columns. Of course there was quite a loss on the broken honey, besides the unpleasant work of repacking, tying in the loose, leaking combs, etc. But it was a good lesson all around, and now we hope those who read this may profit by our experience. 'I'lina !>»<. Jwjiicpli 4'onveiitioii Keport (our own) is in a good state of preservation. We had hoped to begin the re- maining part of it before now, but felt that it would be better to first publish the reports of more recent meetings, and then follow with the unpublisht portion of the St. Joseph proceedings. As it has been delayed now over two years, a month or two longer will not injure its historical value very much, anyway. A.nd, then, it gives ex-Secretary Benton just so much longer time to decide whether he will fulfill the positive promise he made at the Toronto meeting in September, 18y5, when, in reply to a question as to whether he would forward the part of the Report he was with- holding, said, " J will." But up to this time it has failed to come. However, we have it all right in the carbon copy from the shorthand reporter of the St. Joseph convention, Mr. Louis R. Lighton, which we obtained from him when on our way home from the Lincoln convention in October last. It was fortunate that Mr. Lighton had the extra copy, for the one held in Washing- ton may crumble to dust before Mr. Benton decides to keep his word with the North American Bee-Keepers' Association. 'I'lio Ainnlganiiilion <(iietion we presume will be settled this month. The perhaps 2.50 members of the National Bee- Keepers' Union have the deciding vote, as the North American Bee-Keepers' Association gave its favorable decision last October, at the Lincoln convention. Those who now will vote have it in their power to help form the strongest "Union " yet known among bee-keepers. Will the majority improve theirgolden opportunity? We believe they will; and when the ballots are opened and counted, Feb. 1, we fully expect to see the New Constitution adopted, and also the following list of officers almost unanimously elected : For Board of Directors — Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Michigan; G. M. Doolittle, of New York; Prof. A. J. Cook, of California; A. I. Root, of Ohio; Hon. Eugene Secor, of Iowa; and C. P. Dadant, of Illinois. For General Manager and Treasurer- Dr. C. C. Miller, of Illinois. It would be a difficult thing to find seven better men among all the bee-keepers in this country. All of them are well known to the bee-fraternity, having been prominently before the apiarian world for a score or more of years. And it l/wy couldn't make their part of the New Union a splendid success, we are free to say that we don't know who could. *-»-»•■ A !>'«'W $$i>rlliiis' IC«'foriii— or reform in spelling— is being undertaken among quite a number of publishers, editors, authors, and prominent writers of the day. Messrs. Funk & Wag- ualls, of New York— the publishers of the great Standard Dic- tionary— began a new effort, about a year ago, to reform our miserable spelliug, by securing the promises of 300 publishers editors, authors, etc., to join them in an attempt to undertake the work by piecemeal, as it were, each one agreeing to adopt certain changes in spelling when a full 300 had consented thereto. Well, the editor of the American Bee Journal was among the 300 leaders in the new reform, and with this number we begin the use of the first rule to which all have agreed, viz : To change "ed " to " t " in words ending with "ed" and pronounced "t." For instance: Worked — workt; helped — helpt; astonished- aston- isht; watched— watcht, etc. Of course there are some exceptions 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. to the rule, the word " produced " being one of them ; to apply the rule to that word, you would have ■• product." We think that none of our readers will be inconvenienced at all by this small change, after the foregoing explanation, and it will be a beginning of what we hope will result in a thorough simplification of what in many cases might be termed the abomin- able English spelling. For a time, we presume, through force of habit, we will fre- quently fail to spell the new way, but we will try to keep in mind the one rule that we have agreed to adopt. And we request that all our contributors and correspondents kindly assist us by also endeavoring to " fall into line " by using the same rule in all their writing. As time goes on. likely other changes will gradually be agreed upon, and thus finally we shall have a sensible spelling — one using perhaps no more letters than there are sounds in a word. We hope it may be so. Honey Rccipcii. — In Gleanings for Dec. 15, we find two recipes in which honey is used. They were f urnisht by Charles McCuIloch & Co.. of New York, and are as follows: HoSEY' CiRiMELS.— These are made by cooking to " soft crack " two pounds of coffee A sugar, two pounds of clear ex- tracted honey, and two pounds of glucose. Honey Gixueuc.ike. — Kub three-quarters of a pound of butter into a pound of sifted flour; add a teacupEul of brown sugar, two tablespooufuls each of ground ginger and caraway seed. Beat five eggs, and stir in the mixture, alternately, with a pint of extracted honey. Beat all together until very light. Turn into a shallow square pan, and set in a moderate oven to bake for one hour. When done, let cool and cut into squares. Editor Root has this paragraph immediately after the two recipes: '■ Bee-keepers hate the very suggestion of glucose, so I think they will be inclined to put in more honey and leave out glucose entirely in the first-mentioned recipe. If glucose is an ingredient essential to the good quality of the caramels, it will be the first instance that I have ever known where that article was of any use." We are always glad to publish tested recipes showing how honey is used. We cannot have too many of them, for we believe that if bee-keepers knew more ways in which to use honey, they would be more inclined to develop the home market in their own families as well as among their neighbors. In so doing at least some of them would be the gainers, as they would have less honey to gm to the dishonest commission firms that annually make their appearance. * • » ApiM I>oi-sala Once More.— The following item is an editorial found in the December American Bee-Keeper: ■• As revealed by an inquiry in the American Bee Journal, the importation of Apis dorsata by the United States Government is favored by such distinguisbt and reliable apiarists as Prof. A. J. Cook. Mrs. L. Harrison. E. France. J. M. Hambaugb, W. G. Larra- bee. G. M. Doolittle, and G. W. Demaree." The above item would be better if it gave the lehnTf truth. Mrs. Harrison's answer is: '■ Mrs. L. Harrison — I do: and put them in the Everglades of Florida; they are 160 miles long and CO miles broad. The water is from one to six feet deep, dotted with little islands. The Seminole Indian and Apis dorsata would go well together, for he likes honey, when it is to be had for the taking; also fruit, but in his wild state he has never been known to plant a tree, or keep bees in a hive." No thought, it will be seen, of domesticating them or keeping them in hives, but give them to the Seminole Indians who have never been known to keep bees in hives. Isn't Mrs. Harrison pok- ing fun 1 Mr. Larrabee's answer is: " Yes. if they would not turn out like the English sparrow." Mr. Demaree, while wishing it might be done, fears it might not succeed in Government hands, and raises the question why it might not be done by • a stock company." In addition to these modifications and reservations of the seven named, in all fairness our contemporary should have added that on the same page appeared a list of just tmce ax many names, equally " distinguisbt and reliable,'' who opposed the scheme. Ti?e Weekly Budget. Dr. a. B. Mason— Secretary of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union— is already working on the program for the Buffalo meeting. He believes in beginning on time That meeting must be made the best ever held in this country. Rev. F. J. Reicbert, of Kansas, when sending his dollar for 1897, wrote: "Here is my subscription for 1897, together with my high appreciation of the American Bee Journal, and best wishes for its continued prosperity and helpfulness. Mr. -Fas. A. Stone is making arrangements for the Springfield meeting of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion to be held Feb. 24: and '25- next month. A notice on another page gives further Information. Mr. Stone is the wide-awake Secretary, and expects a large attendance of Illinois bee-keepers. Mr. F. a. Gem.mill, of Ontario, Canada, in a letter dated Dec. 22, wrote us as follows : "We had a good crop of honey the past season, and look for a still better one next year, as indications point that way. I hope that California, and likewise all the United States, may also have good cause for rejoicing with us." We have an article from Mr. Gem mill, giving his impres- sions of California. He was there about a year ago, and seems to have been somewhat entranced with the climate and some other good things that " Golden Gated" State possesses. Dr. Peiro is "on deck " again with his health hints, as will be seen on another page of this issue. Any time our readers wish to ask him a question, just write him, not for- getting to enclose stamp, at least. He's usually very accom- modatiug, and also good-natured, but don't expect him to furnish a whole drugstore, with a year's treatment and advice, all for one stamp. We mention this so that no one will ex- pect too much from the Doctor. But you have our full per- mission to write him all you like. He's broad-shouldered and healthy, and can stand a good deal of work besides what he does at his meals, three times a day ! Prof. Lawrence Bbuner, of the Nebraska University at Lincoln, is " pictured" in Gleanings for Dec. 15. He is a valuable man, and has done much original scientific Investi- gation. Though only about 40 years old, he has written a number of useful works bearing on his special lines, a few of them being: Birds of Nebraska: Tree-Claim Insects ; Insec Enemies of Indian Corn; Insect Enemies of the Grapevine Introduction to the Study of Entomology. Prof. B. is a reg- ular " worker-B."— of whom Editor Root aptly writes : " Prof. Bruner is one of the rising young men of the country, and one who is both able and willing to give bee-keepers material assis tance in his department." All were much pleased with Mr Bruner and his untiring eSorts in behalf of the North Ameri can convention held at Lincoln last October. Plow is tlie Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offer made on page 13 ? Mr. A. I. Root was in Tempe, Ariz., Deo. 23, and kindly wrote us a postal card from there. Upon it he said : " Dear Bro. York :— We hear many kind words for the American Bee Journal among the bee-keepers here, and I have been scolded a good many times because I did not bring you along. Mr. , of Phoenix, says he Is going to get you a big club of subscribers for what you have done to put down swindling commission-men. There is an awful lot of bee-keepers in this valley. They shipt 30 carloads of honey last year." It is too bad that Mr. Root should be "scolded" for what he couldn't help, or didn't think of before he started on his trip. Next time, perhaps, he will invite us to accompany him, offering, of course, to pay all our expenses! In that case, he won't have to urge us very much. We are glad to know that what we have tried to do along the line of choking off commission frauds is being appreciated. That's what we are here for— or at least that is a part of our work in the interest of bee-keepers. Mr. Joseph Stephenson, of Tennessee, wrote thus, Dec. 22: "Please continue to send me the "Old Reliable" for 1897, as I could not keep bees with profit and not have your paper." 10 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 7, CONDUOTBD BT OK. O. O. MILLER, SdARENGO, ILL. LQuestlonB may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] moist Ground in tlic Bcc.Cellar. I would like to learn if it would be injurious to bees to re- move them from the cellar and make a warm pen or other place for them above ground. We had a three-days' rain Thanksgiving week, and water got into the cellar, making the ground moist, though not very wet. Which would be best to do, leave them in the cellar and risk the dampness, or take them out and leave them above ground the rest of the winter ? S. J. T. Answer. — Probably you'll do as well to leave the bees in the cellar. A little moisture will not hurt them, especially if the cellar is not too cold. Indeed, success has been good in cellars with water running through them all winter. It isn't the moisture that hurts so much as the bad air, only bees can't stand as much cold in a wet as in a dry cellar. See to it that the air of the cellar does not get foul, by opening up windows or doors at night, and if the temperature gets below about 45°, plan some way to warm it. Alsilic and Sweet Clover. Where does Alsike clover grow? About how tall is it? When should it be sown ? We have some wild clover here that grows from two to five feet high. Some people call that sweet clover, but 1 don't think it is. It grows very much along the roadside, in ditches, etc. W. W., Union Hill, III. Answer. — Both sweet and Alsike clover grow all over the State of Illinois, as well as other States. Alsike is easily dis- tinguisht by its blossoms — beautiful pink and white, in size and color between white and red clover, and grows about as high as red clover. On some ground sweet clover grows about as high as you mention, two to five feet high ; on other ground higher. The blossoms are not iu heads like most clovers, but more the shape of a stem of currant blossoms, sweet clover blossoms being small and white. When wilted, the leaves have a peculiar and strong fragrance. It keeps in bloom among the last things in the fall, the blossoms often appear- ing along the almost-dead stalk. It would bo nothing strange if the plant in question should turn out to be sweet clover. Feeding for Pollen to Prevent Bees Bceoming a IVui»anee. Feeding for pollen will be a necessity with me in the spring. Not that the bees need it. but peace in the neighbor- hood will make It a necessity. Last spring cattle-feeders came with a complaint that my bees were so thick in the feed- troughs that the cattle could not eat. At first I thought their statements were exaggerated ; but on examination, I found it too true. Bees were just rolling over each other in the feed- troughs, and about the mill men grinding had been stung. In fact, the bees were a nuisance. To stop the trouble I thought to feed something they liked better, and near the api- ary. First rye-flour was given, then (Iraham flour, and then corn-meal. To my surprise, the rye-flour was not toucht, and the (Jraham flour but little. The meal they workt at but it was ground with a steel mill and only the fine part was taken. It was evident that corn-meal was preferred. Has any one tried sweet-corn ground, or corn-starch ? If they can be fed something they like better then corn and cobs ground, It will be very desirable. L. M. B., Glen Ellen, Iowa. Answkk. - I think no case of this kind has ever been pub- llsht before, but it might easily occur In any place where there wore some warm days In spring with no natural pollen to be had and roeal of any kind exposed. I'm not certain wheth- er you can head off the bees, but I think you can. One ele- ment in the problem is to try to get the bees at work at home before they have had a chance to work elsewhere. If you give them exactly the same feed that they get abroad, you may still have the advantage by getting them in the habit of working on something nearer. I never heard of any one feeding bees meal from sweet- corn, but it is well worth trying. You will probably find that they will prefer corn and oats ground together, to corn and cobs. They will take only the fine parts, and the coarser parts can be fed to horses or cattle afterward. You will, I think, find that they will prefer unbolted rye-meal to rye-floui, part- ly because the bran gives them a better foothold, and partly because perhaps they prefer the material that is next to the bran. But nothing seems to suit them better than ground corn and oats, so far as I have tried, and I've tried a good many things. llig^nonette— Planting for Hone}'. I am very much interested in the question of honey-produc- ing plants. In the summer of 1895 I had a large quantity of mignonette growing in a flower-garden. It began blooming about June, and continued till Dec. 1. I never saw bees work- ing in such numbers on any other plant. I had all varieties of mignonette, but the bees did not care as much for "Parson's White" as the other kinds. I was thinking of soiving a piece of ground for them next spring, and would like your opinion about it. Also, what is the quality and quantity of honey pro- duced therefrom. On account of cold, wet weather it has not been a very good honey season here this year. S. S. A., Essex, Ont. Answer. — It is now very generally agreed that it doesn't pay to raise any plants for the sake of the honey alone. Un- less you can get enough for the seed to pay for land and labor, you may do well to put in some other crop. Just how much honey can be obtained from an acre of mignonette would be a a very diOioult thing to determine, and I couldn't even make a respectable guess at it. Probably there's no one now living who knows with any sort of exactness how much honey can be obtained from any honey-plant in existence. How and Wlien to Feed in Spring. I have about 250 pounds of good thick honey, and I would like to know how you would feed it without much expense in time in the spring to do most good. The nights are quite cold here until away along in May, and often quite cold even in June. Therefore it has been a question with me just when and how to give it. Colorado. Answer. — If there are no neighbor's bees near by, it might be a good plan to feed outdoors. If it is necessary to feed in the hive, some plan should be used that would waste as little heat as possible, and not knowing what your feeders are I can't suggest just what should be done. If the feeding is done out- doors, it may be safely left to the bees and the weather as to when they carry it in. Wherever fed, it may be well to dilute with water, half and half. It may also be given quite hot. The question arises as to getting the benefit ot what is called stimulative feeding. From what you say as to cold days and nights, I doubt whether I would do much else than to let the bees carry in the honey just as fast as they would, when- ever there are days warm enough for them to work. If plenty of honey is in the hives I generally find that my bees have all the brood in the spring that they can cover, and I hardly see what good it would do to have more, even if by feeding you could Increase the queen's laying. Bee-Sting Poison — S warming-Time Management. 1. In working with my bees I have noticed a peculiar smell when they were mad, or in other words, on the war- path ? What is it? 2. To place an empty hive under a colony with a dipt queen at swarming-time, would the bees and queen go into the new hive? W. P. Answers. — 1. It is the poison thrown off from their stings, and when you smell that odor, look out. 2. Your plan, It I understand you, is when a swarm Issues, to lift the old hive from its stand, put the empty one In its place, and then set the old hive on top, depending on the swarm to enter when they come back after finding there is no 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 11 queen with them. Yon can count on the swarm returning If the queen is dipt, unless they enter some other hive where a swarm entered only a little while before. If there Is no bot- tom to the upper hive, and free communication between the two, of course the swarm will climb right up into the old hive, and then it will swarm right out again the next day. But if there is no communication between the two hives, and the queen enters the lower one, it will be more or less a success. Part of the bees would probably Bnd their way up into the old hive. All this is on the supposition that some one Is by and makes the change in the position of the hives after the issuing of the swarm. That being the case, the wise thing (and in- deed it is a common thing) is to remove the old colony to a new stand, or at least set it a little to one side, although after the swarm is in the new hive it will work all right to set the old hive on top. Possibly your idea is to put the empty hive under the old one some time before the swarm is expected to issue, so that the swarm can enter the new hive without the bee-keeper being on hand. Don't try that. It would be a dead failure. For the boes would become accustomed to entering the hive above, and then when the swarm returned they would steer straight for the upper hive. Even if the queen should enter the hive below, there wouldn't be euough bees go with her Cost or Comb Honey Production — Controllinj; Swarming — Climate for Calarrli. 1. What is the cost of producing a pound of comb honey ? 2. What is meant by the Heddon method of controlling swarming. 3. Where can I go to keep bees and at the same time be in a good climate for one with catarrh ? J. E., Wadena, Minn. Answers. — 1. I don't know. I do know, however, that it varies very greatly. If a man has an apiary of lUO colonies or more and gets a very small amount of honey, it may easily cost him a dollar a pound. Another man getting as much from one colony as the first one did from a hundred will of course And the cost very much less. At one time there was quite a discussion as to the average cost of producing a pound of comb honey, but there was much disagreement among the witness- es, and the matter was about as unsettled at the close as at the beginning. 2. The prevention of after-swarms is thus given by Mr. Heddon: "Let us suppose that colony S swarms June 15. With a non-erasive crayon we mark upon the hive, ' O, June 15,' and on the hive in which we put the swarm, ' S, June 1.5.' Thus we distinguish the old colony from the Swarm at a glance, as we make these marks in large characters. "When we hive the swarm (always on full sheets of wired foundation) we place it on the old stand, moving the old col- ony a few inches to the north (our hives front east), with its entrance turned northward, away from its swarm about 45-'. As soon as the new colony is well at work, having their loca- tion well markt, (say two days), we turn the old colony back parallel with the new one. Now both hives face east, sitting close beside each other. While each colony now recognizes its own hive, they are, as regards all other colonies, on one and the same stand. " The dates on the back ends of the hives Indicate that second swarming may be lookt for about June 28. About two or three days before that date, and when the bees are well at work in the Mold, we emovo the old hive to another location in the apiary. This depopulates the old colony, giving the force to the new, leaving too few bees in the old one for the young ' Misses ' to divide; and as they at once recognize this fact, they fight it out on the line of 'the survival of the fit- test.' " Remember, that you are to remove the old hive to its final location, when the workers are mostly in the field, and move it carefully, so that very few old bees carried away with it will mark the new location." .3. I don't know. Perhaps Colorado. Late Kecplns or Drones. 1. I have a colony of bees I transferred on Sept. 1. On Sunday, Dec. 13, while looking over the hives on the summer stands, I noticed quite a number of drone-bees flying in and out of the hive. Why these drone-bees should be there at this time of the year is what puzzles me. Unless the colony has become queenless, and a laying worker laid the drone-eggs, I cannot explain it. 2. What is the best course to pursue to save the colony, as it is a good strong one with plenty of stores? Would it be the best plan to let it alone until March, or early spring, and then buy a tested queen, if possible, and introduce her and save the colony ? A. F. M., Rhode Island. Answers. — 1. Laying workers may be present, in which case the drones, or at least part of them, are likely to be quite small. A drone-laying queen may be to blame — small droue.s in this case also. It is possible, however, that a good queen may be in the hive. Sometimes a strong colony retains its drones quite late, even into winter. 2. In any case there is nothing to be done in the way of introducing a queen before spring, and possibly it may not be the best thing even then. If laying workers are on hand, the bees will be so old that it will not be worth while to waste a queen on them, and you may better unite them with another colony quite early in the spring. If you are inexperienced with bees, you're not likely to unite, for a beginner always counts much on the number of colonies he has, and when he has more experience he'll value number of bees more than number of colonies. Question;) -Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Source of Greatest Amount of Honey — Honey Liked Best. Qnery 40.— 1. From what source Is the ffreatcst umount of honey obtained in your locality 'I 2. What honey is generally liked best in your locality, clover, basswood, or what?— New Yohk. 6. M. Doolittle (N. Y.)— 1 and 2. Bass- wood. Dr. C. C. Miller (III.) — ! and 2. White clover. R. L. Taylor (Mich.)— 1 and 2. White clover. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— 1 and 2. Pop- lar and asters. Eugene Seeor (Iowa) — 1. Linden. 2. Linden and white clover. E. France (Wis.)— 1. White clover and basswood. 2. White clover. Emerson T. Abbott (Mo.)— 1. Bass- wood and clover. 2. Clover. Jas. A. Stone (III.)— 1. White clover; and in the fall, heart's-ease. 2. White clover. J. M. Hambaugh (Calif.)— 1. From the mountain sages, principally black sage. 2. Sage honey. Mrs. L. Harrison (III.)— 1. This year, sweet clover. Twenty years ago, white clover. 2. Clover. W. G. Larrabee (Vt.) — 1. White clover. 2. There is not much choice be- tween clover and basswood. Mrs. J. N. Heater (Nebr.)— 1 and 2. We get the bulk of our crop, which is also liked the best, from heart's-ease. Cha*. Dadant & Son (Ill.)~l. Clover and fall blossoms. 2. Clover for white honey ; Spanish-needle for yellow honey. H. D. Cutting (Mich.)— 1. White and Alsike clovers. Our basswoods are nearly all gone. 2. Clover and basswood is preferred. Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— 1. White sage and wild buckwheat. We have no clover or basswood. 2. Honey from white and ball sage. Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— 1. White clover. 2. White clover is, I think, the favorite. Of late years we have had very little surplus from any other source. A. F. Brown (Fla.)— 1. Black man- grove. 2. Very little choice among orange, palmetto, mangrove or golden- rod. My crops go to Northern markets. P. H. Elwood (N. Y.)— 1. Basswood. 2. Some say clover, and others say bass- wood, but the majority of those express- ing their opinions do not know clover from basswood. C. H. Dibbern (III.)— 1 and 2. Some- times one source, and sometimes another. White clover is our very best, linden next, and heart's-ease third. Buckwheat and miscellaneous weeds last. Dr. A. B. Mason (Ohio)— 1. Some years from sweet clover, and some years from fruit bloom, white clover, sweet clover, and fall flowers. 2. Basswood, or a mixture of light-colored honeys flavored with basswood. J. E. Pond (Mass.)— 1. In the spring the fruit-blossoms; in late spring and early summer, swamp vegetation. In mid-summer, clover, etc.; in the fall. 12 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. golden-rod and late swamp vegetation. 2. Clover Is consi.lered the best. We have no basswood. J. A. Green (111.) — 1. Ueart's-ease has yielded the largest crop. After that, white clover, sv.eet clover and basswood, In the order named. 2. White clover, sweet clover, heart's-ease and basswood are generally liked, in the order named. G. W. Demaree (Ky.) — 1. This may be hard to answer, considering the amonnt of honey consumed by the bees in the spring to breed up to working strength, and in fall to winter on. Our surplus crop comes from while clover. 2. White clover honey. Qej;)eral \\^n}s^ Not an Entire Failure ! My crop this year was l.")0 pounds of ex- tracted honey per colony, mostly from bergamot and buckwheat. The prospect for another season is better than it was a year ago. E. M. Hates. Columbia Co., Wis., Dec. 2.5. Prospects Good for Next Season. We had a very poor season for bees here, I had nearly .50 colonies, sjjring count, and did not get one pound of honey. I had to feed all except two, to keep them from starving. The prospects are good here for a honey-crop next season ; plenty of white clover. S. N. Rei'loole. Wayne Co., Ind. Report for 1896. My report for 1S90 is as follows: From 6 colonies, spring count, 414 finisht sec- tions of honey; from two prime swarms, purchast the last of June. 115 sections. The average selling price was 12^^ cents per pound. I had Ij prime swarms and 7 artifi- cial ones. I put 21 colonies into the cellar Nov. !), most of them being in good condi- tion. Georoe Stout. Hennepin Co., Minn. A New Hampshire Report. I had 25 colonies last spring, which in- oreast to 45. after hiving back and uniting all I could. I obtained 73('i pounds of honey, being an average of 2'.l pounds, spring count. Most of this was in one-pound sec- tions, and gathered from spring flowers. In October I reduced the 45 colonies to 25 by uniting, saving the best queens. They are now packt in outer cases, on the sum- mer stands. J. P. Smith. Sullivan Co., N. H., Dec. 24. Strongly in Favor of Amalgamation. Every bee-keejier at our State conven- tion in Minneapolis was anxious to have the National Bee-Keepers' Union and the Nortli American Kee-Keepers' Association unite as soon us possible, and stop the honey swindlers, it it can be done. Nearly all present who were not members of the New Union jointly paid their dollars, and if more is needed to convict the dishonest counnission men and adulterators, all were willing to |)ay more. I was against the amalgamation at first. but since the New Constitution came out, I am with it, because the New Union has all —ye». riiiiir. than it ever had heretofore; therefore I can't see that any menitier of the old Union can And any fault. Every bee-keeper should see that something must be done, if they don't want to be robbed of their work and pro^A PO.'iiTi'.'E CURE FOR "ijlA BSSCHTS DISEASE jl^l URSMAI^Y TROUBLES MH* GENERAL DEBILJTY ^ AND MALARIA. ^|^ Cures also, .-ill those diseases aris-^;.? f'k Ing f i-oin disordered Kidneys or Liv- ylf. (er Liirce sized bottle or new ;-tyleo%| 5 smallfT bottle at your nearest Ktore. %f3 .— i Try it and know the satisfaction of/jffs^ Menticn t>u Am.sncan Bee jQ/ixrrwA- 40,000. Nebraska Farmer THE Has made a contract with the Nebraska Club, to print for them 40,000 copies over and above the regular week- ly issue, each month for six months, of reliable informa- tion about Nebraska. If Interested, send for free copy, to Mr. Ciias. E. Williamson, Secretary Nebraska Club, Omaha, Nebk., or Nebraska Fanner Co. Lincoln, Nebr. 44 A1.3 Mention the American Bee Journal. Our Prkes ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordingly. Bend for Catalotr and Pricc-List. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Bo.x 1N7, SiiKiKivoAN, Wis. Mention tJic American Dee Jofumai. 1 HATCH Chickens ^v steam- EXCELSIOR Inciibator Simpli^. Prrffrt, Stl/-Fri}'i!at- (,(;;. Tti..uflioi.lH In Mi.L-i-Ntul oi'V-ratliMi. l.otvt'Ml p|.|<-«'tf rNl.clitNH lluli'lii-r niiidc. t^KO. II. STMII.. I II loiaaK. «ih''i..>ii:N fur i>Ai.>i iiiKi n:vi:K. THE JOY OF SUCCESS U MiiPH to f.illon- lliM ll^u Ol Ihu New Successful Incubator I ltn jiint likn iiiiikini; tiny otin--r siiro [ iiii'l uoud iiivostinont. Ket^uiliiU^i* its liouMiit; to u iiii;ety ; iieo(U no % vvutctiinu ; Ki*nerateH itH own * nointurH. lliilcliCKi'vcrj fitv Ciut rmi hr rinirtii'd. Sold under u I'owii ivo _ ..imiKitl)-. All iihnul. it in Hottk uri Inaabiiiion«tnuv:es. con- tains litlioi,'raph pliiteof l-'owls ill niiturni i-olnrs; plana for piniltry houses. r«nieilies iiinl ii-cipi's for nil iii>Hfi>'es how tonmko Vl''H.ltri iiu.l OunlHriiuw i.uy;only Ifjcentrt. ijVjolm Bauscher, Jr., Box 94 Freeport, 111. ^r- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcuitural Field more ■ er published, sen" ClaremoDt. Calif completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A.J. Cook. ' " • for bis Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Ciscoimts to the Trade. FREE ALBUM! will hold 16 small and 24 lar^e i>hotos; siz«ilsli"'- inches'; celluloid and plu^h coVf r ^ This is secured as a premium o a a small club order for our Standard Teas, Coffees, Spices, etc, tjuality the best procurable, 1^ prices lower than your home store. s If you don't wish an aMmrn you can secure-SET OF DISHES, AN EASY CHAIR, SILVER SET, LAMPS, CLOCKS, ^ WATCHES, BICYCLES, etc. •C Plan nnd fullin^^tructiims uiour calalot^ue-FREE, i GRAND UNION TE.4 CO.iJgc^KroRo; I'uS.'- WANTED— A position to work in Apiary, by an Interetting youne man. age 24, single. Write, one and all. No objeelions to other work in connection. Reference iriven. Write at once. P. W. STAIlLaJK, RiiigRold, Pa. Mentkm. tlie A.inencan Bee JoumcHn UNG DISEASES. Tin years* experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. HATCH CHICKENS with a machine that will hatch every et^n that can be hatched. The New Saumenig Hatcher^ bend llstumpt; ior CQtaiov'ue JSo. 69 tNVINCtBL£ HATCHER CO. Springiield.O. woven'.Me.fe'nc^ Best cin Kiirlli. llorsc-lilidi, Hull- I Biroiii.-, Pin and rlilcllcu-ll!.-lil. With I our bll'I.KX AVTOMATH' naclilnr » von can iiijikeCO rods a dnv for J 12 to 20 cts. a Rod.! 0»fr .^OsOl''-*. (-'i»tnli>Lnio I'ree. T KITSELMAN BROS, J no\ i;!'^. Ridgeville. Ind. t > ^ ♦ ^ •^ ♦♦.♦.♦.♦.♦.♦.♦.♦.•■ 4 8 Etf Mention tht; Avtrican Bee .Kiumal. in II null 0 I uti ill. I UK 1 \M ■■ I II ui r i>ur nfnvtioolc on Incubation ) arid I'uiillrv. Ct>nti.insa full J .-.^. — .,11,1 ,-,,iiipl,-(HMTii.tionof 5 tiio Reliable Incubator < & tlm Hruodnr of samo name, t toner her with cntw uiiii in-^ struct ions forbuild'c poultry J oust's find nuich of iiitero-f lind i nlri vniaii- Sent on rfciil of Ulc. \ TOR^&^BROODER CO.-QUINCY-jUSJ 36E17t Please mention the Ree .Jmiruul. For u knife tlmtwill cut a horn wiliiout C crushiug. because it cuts from four < - TT^side** at once net — ■^^THE KEYSTONE ^DEHORNER*-: It is hnnmno, rnpid iind durable. Fully ^ wiirrnnted. ilinHKHT award AT VVoHLn'9 W Vmu. Pe^cri|itivH circulars F:R,£::E. # A. <' ItUOSlI S ( o. I>;i. 0 40E13t Alenlutn the American Bee Jo»Krnaf» 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 15 HDNEY and BEESWAX MAKKCIX «tI)OXAXIONS. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by Ihe North American Bee-Keepers' Assoclatlou, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by trnvel-stala, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stala or other- wise. In addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white," " No. 1 dark," etc. ChicaETo, 111., Dec. 31,— Fancy white, 12® 3c.; No. 1, lliaiic. : fancy amber, 10c. : No. 1, 7@9c. ; fancy dark. 8c.: No. 1, 7®8c. Ex- tracted, white, 5@7c. ; amber, 5@6c.; dark, 4Mi@5c. Beeswax, 'ieSSTc. There b;ie been a little more tiade in honey this month, but the sales are below average for this season of the year. FMladelphla, Fa., Dec. 31.— Fancy white comb, i:i-14c ; No. 1 white. ll-l'2c.; fancy amber. lO-llc; dark. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-8o. ; amber, 4-oc.; dark, 3-lc. Beeswax, 36c. Comb honey arriving freely and market overstocked at present. Albany, H. Y., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 12- l.'tc; No. 1, 11-12C.: fancy amber, 9-10o" No. 1 dark, 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; dark. 4-5c. The receipts of both comb and extracted honey are very large, and prices are some- what lower. We have an ample stock of all styles except paper cartons weighing less than a pound. OIndianapolis, lud., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 14-15C.: No. 1 white, 12-I3c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Kansas City, 2Io,,Dec, 31.— Fancy white comb. 15c. ; No. 1 white. 13@14c. ; fancy amber, 12-13c.: No. 1 amber. ll-12c. : fancy dark. lO-llc; No. 1, 8-lOc. Extracted, white, C-6Kc. ; amber, 5 5Hc. ; dark, 4-4i4c. Bees- wax, 22-25C. Boston, Mass., Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1, 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7o.; amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Milwankee, Wis., Dec. 31,— Fancy white, 14-15C.; No. 1. 12-13C.: No. 1 amber, 8-lOc. Extracted, white. 6-7c. ; amber, 5-6c.; dark, 4-5c. Beeswax. 22-24c. New crop of honey begins to come forward. The demand is very poor and quotations al- most nominal. Weather Is very warm and the consumption of honey Is very small. Plenty of fruit, and hence the appetite is sat- isfied with same in preference. Later on we expect an Improved demand for honey of all kinds. Cleveland, OMo, Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 14H@15c.: No. I white. 1214®13c. Extracted, white. 6@7e.: amber, 4Vi®5^c. Beeswax, 22 ®25e. There Is not very much honey in our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair in this line this fall. Kew York, N. Y , Dec. 31 —Fancy white, ll@12c.: lair white. 9® lOc; buckwheat. 7® 8c. Extracted, white clover and liasswood. 5@5^c.: California. 6c.: Southern. 50e. per gallon. Beeswax in fair demand at 26@27c. The market Is quiet and inactive. Demand light and plenty of stock on the market. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Comb honey, best white, 10@14c. E.xtracled, 4®6c. De- mand is slow; supply is fair. Beeswax Is in fair demand at 22®35c. for good to choice yellow. Buffalo, H. Y., Dec. 31.— Fancy and No. I white comb, sells well at 10 and lie , but scl- outside measure, and like it well. For general purposes, I think the regular Langstroth frame Is hard to beat. A. F. Brown — 1. The standard Sim- plicity, y:'„xl r %. inches, for the average bee-keeper. For myself, in the produc- 28 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 14-, tion of comb honey, a frame 9}4zl^M inches, top-bar 16 inches. 2. In a warm climate like this (Florida) the shove frames are as good as any. Dr. A. B. Mason — 1. I think the Lang- stroth frame is the best for my use. I have used only one other kind — the Gallup. 2. The old box-hive, or a divisi- ble brood-chamber. J. M. Hambaugh — 1 and 2. Location and surrounding conditions have much to do with this query. In Illinois I should answer, for extracting, Dadants' methods, for both queries. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. Frames at fixed distances, with spacers having the small- est possible point of contact, so the frames will not be glued together. 2. Closed ends, and closed, or nearly closed, tops. Warmer. Qejjeral Iterr^s^ May Go to Florida to Keep Bees. I have kept bees since ISliO. For several years it was a failure about every three or four years, but it has changed so that I am glad to get a good one every three or four years. It looks now as it we would have a good crop next year. Let's hope so. I am so afflicted with rheumatism that I am thinking of moving to Florida next fall, and I want to ask some questions: 1. Would it be best to move my bees down there, or sell them here and buy more there ? 2. What will bees cost there ? 3. What would it cost to move them to Flori- da ? 4. What is the best way ? R. R. Stokesberrt. Vermillion Co., Ind., Dec. 2.S. [Will Mr. A. F. Brown, of Florida, kindly answer the questions asked by Mr. Stokes- berry ?— Epitob.J Beport for 1896— The Clovers. I had, spring count, 20 colonies, in- creast to 33, and my honey crop was rather poor, but of good quality— 350 pounds. I sold it at 12>., and 15 cents per ponnd. I work for comb honey. I have been experimenting with sweet clover, and think it will be a great honey- plant for northwest Missouri. The pros- pects for white clover are good. I am try- ing alfalfa, but have found out nothing cer- tain, only that it will grow here. It failed to yield nectar the past season. It may be cut twice a year, and make plenty of hay. Stock of all kinds relish it if cut at the proper time. Alsike clover is fine bee- Sasture. Success to the American Bee onrnal. J. E. E.nyart. Gentry Co., Mo. An Enthusiastic Bee-Man. 1 would not attempt to keep bees without the American Bee Journal, and I would like to say contrariwise to the correspon- dent quoted on page SOS (1)5%), that, get- ting " gold-standard prices" for my honey, I am going into beekeeping more exten- sively next year. I started (here in the South) last winter with three colonies in box-hives; trans- ferred to S-frame dovetail hives, and workt for comb honey, getting SO pounds from one and 20 pounds each Irom the other two colonies, making 120 pounds of line section honey. I increast, by swarming and pur- chase, to 10 colonies, and I have just pur- . chased an apiary of 20 colonies, making 30 in all; 8 of the 20 are in S-frame dovetail hives, and the rest in S-trame Langstroth hives, which 1 will transfer to dovetail bives next spring. There is some bee-keeping carried on ._ You can get a SAFE and SURE j,;; ^j remedy for all the ordinary " ills of life as well as a sure CURE for BRIGHT' S DISEASE, URINARY DISEASES, FEHALE COnPLAINTS Sjg GENERAL DEBILITY, ^ HALARIA ^ and all diseases caused by ^ disordered bidneys and liuer ^ jat the Country Store. . . . ^ a PCREIY VEGETABLE PREPARA- TION that has cured thousands i and will cure you. Large j bottle or new style smaller i bottle at your nearest store. ' 40,000. THENebraska Farmer Has made a contract with the N*^braska Club, to print for them 40,000 copies over and above the regular week- ly issue, each month for six months, of reliable informa- tion about Nebraska. It Interested, send for free copy, to Mr. Chas. B. Williamson, Secretary Nebraska Club, Omaha, Neur.. or Mraska Farmer Co. Lincoln, Nebr. 44 A13 Mention the Ajmcrican Dec Journal, Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies uccorrtlnply. Send for Catulotr aud Prieo-Liat. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf BoxlST, Shkijovoan, Wis. Meiillon the A.incrl.cnn Tier, Jmmuii-. ' ,__ EXCELSIOR Incubator Simptr. Pry/trt. Srl(Kr,,u!ii(- (.../. Thc.usuiiil-. Ill Mil, T ,1,11 iijiiTntliiTi. L<,W(-i(i prircil flr«t-clit.i« llutrli<-r miiile. <;i<:o. II. NTAiii,. 1 (oiagM. 6111 W).Qii|,|,.y. Ill, L 44 A2Ct Mention the American Bee Journal here, along the Gulf coast, but it is almost all done with black bees and box-hives and "gums;" the honey gathered selling in the local markets at from S to 10 cents a pound. Section honey is selling at 15 to 20 cents. I sold about one-half of my honey at 20 cents, right here at home. The rest 1 used for advertising purposes — "sweetening the local editor" and creating a market for next year's crop (if there is one), and for home consumption. Ekxest W. Halstead. Jackson Co., Miss.. Dec. 21. Report for 1896. G. W. Bell came to town yesterday. He is probably the champion bee-keeper of Clearfield county. Last spring he had 31 colonies. He put (J3 in winter quarters, thus more than doubling the number owned last spring. Besides this increase he took off 1,400 pounds of honey; of this amount 1.000 pounds was comb and the balance extracted honey. He says he has no difficulty in marketing it, at fair prices. He uses chaff hives, the lower story sur- rounded with chaff, affording ample pro- tection against the coldest weather. One colony stored 100 pounds of honey during the past season. Two swarms which were united produced 112 pounds. He has the Italian variety of bees. In order to keep his stock pure he purchast a dozen queen- bees during the season. He is a master of the business and keeps abreast with the latest methods and improvements of the business. —Clearfield (Pa.) Daily Monitor. Apis Dorsata Motion Seconded. I arise to second the motion of Prof. Cook, made on page 7S0, in regard to the introduction of Apis dorsata by the Depart- ment of Agriculture. It seems to be just in line with the work of the Department, and so far there has been no good reason ad- vanced by bee-keepers why the experiment should not be tried. I. for one. want those bees if they are good for anything, and if they are found to he good for nothing, no bee-keeper in the country will be any worse off for their having been tried. Will the editor kindly explain the best way "to set the ball a-roUing ?" If there is anything to be done in this locality, in the way of a petition to the Secretary of Agriculture, or laying the matter before Senators or Congressmen, I am ready and willing to do it. Wm. Russell. Hennepin Co., Minn. [Mr. Russell, you might write to W. F. Marks, of Chapinville, N. Y., as he has been quite active in the petition work for Apis dorsata.— Editor.] Poorest Season for Years. This has been the poorest honey season in this section for years. Last spring I had 8.5 colonies, and all seemed to be in gocd condition. Most of my liives have movable bottoms, and four Impound honey-boxes on each. There is an entrance at each end, so that in the summer-time it gives the bees plenty of entrance; when they are very strong in bees, and plenty of iiloom, they can work at each end of the hive, which I think quite a benefit to them. My hives are also on legs about 10 inches from the ground. It is a hive 1 got up myself. I have owned and handled bees ever since 1871, and as above stated, this has been the poorest honey season I ever saw in this part of the country. 1 cleaned up my hives early in the spring, and placed on each hive tour empty 1.5-pound boxes, so the bees would fill up ou the poplar and bass- wood bloom, but the spring was very wet here, with the exception of about eight days in the time of the poplar bloom, when the bees did well, hut it only helpt strengthen them while they were rearing ijrood ; they became very strong by the time the t>asswood came into bloom, but there was so little of it that they did no 169) THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 29 good. I sowed about one bushel of buck- wheat seed very early, anil it bloomed very nicely; the bees workt on it very well early in the morning, but soon slackt up. It never seemed to me they carried heavy loads of honey from it like they do from poplar and basswood bloom. I did not take a single pound of honey last season. My bees ought to have been fed 600 or TOO pounds o£ sugar, but I neg- lected it. as other business was so urgent. But I have not lost hope yet. I have just examined them today, drawing out the bottom-boards and brushing them off, and find 5 colonies have died. A tenant lived on my place who was moving away, had \'l colonies, mostly in log gums, which I bought, and brought them home to-day. They now make me 93 colonies. I did not have a single swarm the past season. 1 winter my bees on the summer stands. I am well pleased with the Alsike, sweet, crimson, and white clovers, which I pur- chast last spring, and sowed. It has a nice stand. If the crimson is what I think it will be, I intend to sow next season 20 or 35 acres. I have a good stand of Alsike and sweet clover also. J. C. Williamson. Logan Co., W. Va., Dec. 24. Bees Did No Good. I can't do without the Bee Journal. Bees did no good in this section this year. I did not get a pound of honey from 2»j colonies, and I have heard of no one who did get any honey. Long may the " Old Reliable " live to gladden the hearts of those who love the little, busy bee 1 J. L. DixoN. Carroll Co., Tenn., Dec. 15. Bees a Failure this Year. My bees were a failure this year. There was"no honey at all until late in the fall. I lost bees from starvation in midsummer. I had only 3 swarms out of IT, and one col- ony died. I think what are left will live through the winter. The American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor. H. M. Phillips. Dyer Co., Tenn., Dec. 16. Bees Carrying in Pollen. To-day we are having Florida weather — it was warm — 68 degrees in the shade. I walkt out to my bees at 1 p m.. when they were having a jolly good flight, and to my surprise they were carrying in pollen al- most like late in the spring. We had only a little cold spell the last of November, which struck the bees a little hard. It had been warm, and came on them so suddenly, and they were scattered around almost too much. The warm weather is very unfavorable for a peach crop next summer. The buds are showing out very close to blooming; in some localities they are reported in bloom. The growing wheat is looking extra nice. Rain is very much needed, for the streams are very low. L. A. Hammond. Washington Co., Md., Dee. 13. The Tall vs. the Square Section. In renewing my subscription to the Am- erican Bee Journal. I cannot refrain from expressing my high appreciation of its value to me personally ; it has contained so many valuable suggestions, not mere theory, but practically useful to all ama- teurs in our useful and interesting field of labor. It is indeed worth its cost many times to the sensible reader. I have made quite extensive use of the " Danzenbaker" section this year, and find the change from the 4'4x4'4Xl \ quite prof- itable; as you are aware, the section meas- ures 3; „'x!Jx I'' ^ for glass; the filled section when glazed vveighs a plump pound, and sells by the case readily at 20 cents per sec- tion, retailing at 25 cents each, while the 4'4 cannot be retailed at 30 cents while the tall one is in sight. Our New York market Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. We can furnish 'Wtaite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, ob board cars in Chicago, at these prices ; 1 can, in a case, lli cents per pound ; 2 caus In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, V>M cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Kine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at % cent more when in cans; or in 2TU-lb. barrels at G}.; cents per pound. ^W A sample of the honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a spleudid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade ? Order one 60-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or 40 cents for 3 pounds. Some maybe able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. CEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street. CHICAGO, ILL •^ MONEY Saved is Money Gained. ^ THE ROYAL DiMON Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy- is one that deflnitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and bold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agent!) Wauted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent, Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, 20Att CHICAGO, II.1.. TUcrtion the. 4.11"^^ I icon dee .'cunml. DUPSl j COLLEGE! Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses —Classical. Scientific, Nor- mal, English, Commercial, Preparatory, and Ladles Literary. Efficient and experienced instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. T AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: IOI9, lOO State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4w That aueen-Clipping Device Free I Works Liike a Cbarni. The Monette Queen Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it 1 have clipped 30 queens, all in one day. when examining my bees. .Wm. Stoi.lev, Grand Island, Nebr. Couldn't Do Witbout It. I have clipped Ifl queens, and must say tho Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by tar the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. I could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind, PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us juxt urn- new jiame for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we wiU mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above oflEer ! You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. PROF. A. J. COOK'S BOOK FREE ! The Bee-Keeper's Guide MANUAL OF THE APIARY. This I5tb and latest edition of Prof. Cook's Given For 2 Xcw Sub§cribers. magnificent book ol 460 pages. In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here Is quite un- necessary—It is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most tasclniitlng style. The author Is also too well-known to tho whole bee-world to re- quire any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." The following offer Is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also glveo to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Sabscribers to the Bee Journal (wiih fi.OO). and we will mall votr » copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent forll.'ia, or we club It with ide Bee Journal for a year —both together for only 11.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a }-ear, and thus get the bool as a premium. Let everybody try for It Win you have one ' GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 30 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. lA, demands glazed sections ; retailers will not handle the unglazed sections, with tbe risk of mutilation by customers who insist on " looking at the honey." The bees enter and fill the \% sections more readily and rapidly, being nearer tbe thickness of the brood-comb, and of course placing the conditions more nearly to the iiormal. The question advanced by some of "honesty " in the matter, I think cuts no figure; the sections are sold at so much each, and when filled and glazed weigh a pound, even the 4'4x4i4xl;?8, which I use later in tbe season. I have found that after Sept. 1 the bees do not fill the tall sections to the top with- in, say, three rows of cells, so I put on the 434^. with quilts on top, and soon the top cells are filled. It costs Ijo cents to glaze a section ; glass by the box, 8x10, cuts for two sections. Often I can get 4-iuch strips from whole- sale glass bouses, and then it costs 1 cent. 1 fa.stein of ,on ; new method of cen- , moisture ; an d the positive 2 iic^ion of tlie new self regulator. WJSNT TO SUCCEED? ■JEW STYLE SI " ^ '> Tliey sue ^-^Thisdue — gj] ventilati" "^-■;-, fi; iiction oft „ — ^ -^-i \ Sold under positive guaranty. -—— iJLJ >AI1 iihnntthese and other things r" -y forpoiilti-.vmenin ournew cata- V log^ue and Book on Poultry. n^_» ..^ Kent for 6cl-; in stamps. Address, 3ES MOINES INC- CO. Box 78 DfS M0INF5;. lA. 5 1 A4 1 Mention tlie American Bee Joumau Veil, O Yell, 0-Vi:i.L.O\VZOiliE:S VEI.KOWZO:\KS ibr I*Alx>^ ana FEVER. UNG DISEASES. ^n years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- Ical treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. Mention the Avierlcan Bee J'cv.rivcJi^ «. California If you care to know of Ite Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send tor a Sample Oopy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, S2.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. OAL. A MONEY MAKER »Ma — the thrift.v industrious hen. AH ahout her ''™ nnd how to make money from ponltry in New Poultry Guide for 1 897. 100pnKes;rrin'ed in colors; best plans for poultr\ houses;suve remedies and recipee ,Vfor ditj'eiises. Sent for 15c. if you write now ;>>^ JOHN BAIIS:HEE, Jr., Bos 94, Freeport, 111. 49A13t Afftntion the American Bee Journal f^r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send ll.'iS to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. BEGINNERS. fSogliincrs should have a copy of the Amateur Hue-Keeper, a 70-page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25 cents; If sent by mall. 28c. The little book and the Progressive Hee-Keeper (a live, pro- gressive 2SpaKe monthly journal) one year, 65c. Address any tirst-cl ass dealer, or LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. WHEN AN8WERINQ THIS AOVEHTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHM/fc. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 31 ( kiLVtfil Or in Exchantfe for Comb Foundation. Hlu;lirst I'rice Paid. If you want your \Vax;Workl into Foun- dation, sutislactorily, promptly, and at the lowcMt price, sc'iiJ It to me. ; S" Write for Price-List and Samples. GUS DITTMER, At tilSTA, WIS. ECT8TER FGGSi! ECCS FOR lUTCHINfl— EOOS I tORMAlihET^doubied in Qiinutity and improved in ji (luality hy feediuR bensji ^^reea cut bone prt'- I'iire.lbioiir CREEN^ BONE CUTTER.:i ^ OuJy cutter awarde'l-- — premium ak World's Fair. Cuts easier, finer end faster thmi others. FliEE circular and prices. Address..., WEBSTER & HANNUM, CAZENOVIA, NEW YORK. Mtntion the American Bee JourTldi. A fil^ invested in a postal card I 111 A i 'Alll "'ill s:et mylaree Cata- iflllj I (r^llli log- of All Roof's Goods. VllV VVllU Send list of what you want and get price. Itl. H. HVNT, Bell Braurli, iUtcIi. lit'rtiwri. tiu, Aoiervcan Bet JounuU. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrantrements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freig-ht or express, at the followinj? prices. cash with order: 51b lOIb 2511) 50ft Sweet Clover 65 1.20 2.75 5.00 Alsilie Clover 1.70 $1.25 $3.00 J 5.75 WhlteClover 1.25 2.00 4.50 8.00 Altalfa Clover 65 1.10 2.70 5.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, lor cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE "W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 The Place to Live ■> IM Sun aad Flowers 4 Possibly you have stood the Tn- jT tense C Id. the blizzards and the Kill- ¥ ing Heat of the Kast and the West un- \ til you are sick of them— perhaps vour ■ health has been about ruiurrt by such 7, climate. Don't you thials it is about ^ time to Peek a place where you can ea- w joy life? Of course you do. Califor- I nla is the plaje for a man to live who ■ wishes tobeg)od to himself and his a family— there's a genial sun— flowers A and fruits every day In the year— Pure T air — Pure water — every thing that's I good. Now is the time to possess such A a home — they are cheaper now than 7, they ever will be again. Don't wait— ^ write to us tellingwhat kind of a place ¥ you want — in city or country— what I rart of the State— how much you ex- m pect to pay. etc.. and we will give you 7 the desired information. ^ PRYAL REALTY CO. If 906 Broadway, i OAKLAND. CALIF. " Please mention this JiHunjil. A Please Send 'Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. HONEY and BEESWAX The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combe straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1,— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "fancy white," "No, 1 dark." etc. Cliicag'o, 111., Jan. 7.— Fancy white. 12® 13c.; No. 1, lie. ; lancy amber, 9@10c.; No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark. 8@9c. ; No. 1, 7(a8c. Ex- tracted, white, b(3i7c.; amber. 5@6c. ; dark, i%e. Beeswax, 26c. Comb honey sales are of small volume. Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 31.— Fancy white comb. 13-14C. ; No. 1 white. ll-12c.; fancy amber. lO-llc; dark, 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-8e. ; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3-4c. Beeswax, 26c. Comb honey arriving freely and market overstocked at present. Albany, N. T., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 12- 13c.; No. 1. ll-12c.; fancy amber, O-lOc: No. 1 dark, 8-9c. Extracted, white, 0-7c. ; dark. 4-oc. The receipts of both comb and extracted honey are very large, and prices are some- what lower. We have an ample stock of all styles except paper cartons weighing less than a pound. Indianapolis, Ind., Deo. 31.— Fancy white. 14-15C.; No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beesv/ax. 22-2oc. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 31.— Fancy white comb, loc. ; No. 1 white. 13@14c. ; fancy amber. 12-13c.: No. 1 amber. ll-l:ic.; fancy dark, lO-llc; No. 1. 8-lOc. Extracted, white, 6-6^c.; amber, 5 o'/Jc; dark. 4-4i^c. Bees- wax. 22-25C. Boston, Mass., Dec. 31,— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1, 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c.: amber, 5-Bc. Beeswax, 25c. Milwaukee, 'Wis., Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 14-15C.; No. 1, 12-13C.; No. 1 amber. 8-lOc. Extracted, white. 6-7c. ; amber, 5-6c.; dark, 4-5c. Beeswax. 22-2 4c. New crop of honey begins to come forward. The demand is very poor and quotations al- most nominal. Weather Is very warm and the consumption of honey Is very small. Plenty of fruit, and hence the appetite is sat- isfied with same In preference. Later on we expect an improved demand lor honey of all kinds. Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 14«@15c.; No. 1 white. 12K@13c. Extracted, white, 6@7c.; amber, 4Hl@5'/4c. Beeswax, 22 @'J5c. There Is not very much honey In our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. New York, N. T , Dec. 31 —Fancy white. ll®l2o.: fair while. U@10c.; buckwheat. 7@ 8c. Extracted, white clover and basswood, 5@5i4c. ; California, 6c. ; Southern. 50c. per gallon. Beeswax in fair demand at 26@27c. The market is quiet and inactive. Demand light and plenty of stock on the market. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Comb honey, best white, lO&l-ic. Extracted, 4(86c. De- mand is slow; supply is fair. Beeswa.x Is in fair demand at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. Bnffalo, S. T., Dec. 31.— Fancy and No. 1 white comb, soils well at 10 and lie , but sel- dom 12c.; other grades, 8-6c., and require much urging. Extracted 4-5c. St. lionis. Mo., Dec. 30.— Fancy white, 14c.; No. 1 while. I'2@l.'ic.: fancy amber, ll@12c.; No. 1 amber. 10(aiO'/4c.; fancy dark, 9@9V4c.; No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white. In cans, 6(a7c.; In barrels. o@5!4c.; amber, 4!4@4^c.; dark. 3H@4c. Beeswax. 26!4@27c. Baker stock of extracted honey, 4@5c ; stock very scarce.' Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand. Detroit, Mich.; Dec. 31.— No. 1 white, 12- l'3^4c. ; fancy amber, lO-llc! No. 1 amber, 0- lOo. ; fancy dark, 8-9o. Extracted, white, 5'>4 -6c.; amber, o-o'Ac; dark. 4-3c. Beeswax, 24-2oc. Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 31. — Fancy white. ll(al 2c.; No. 1 white. lOQllc; fancy amber. 9@10c.; No. 1 amber. 8®9c.; fancy dark, 7(a8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6@7c. ; amber, o@5'/4o.: dark. 4ia5c. Utah white extracted, 5@5i4c. Beeswax, 2.'Jc^ 26c. Market fairly steady fur comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 30.— White comb. lO-llc; amber, 7H-9c. Extracted, white, 5^-6c.; light amber, 4!.4-4?ic.; amber colored and candled, 3-Si^!4c ; dark tule, 23li- 3e. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-26c. ■- — - List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. CbicaKO. Ills. R, A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street, New York, N. Y. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelken, Kansas City, Olo. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BaOalo, N. IT. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. DADANT & SON. Phlladclpbta, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 &. 82 Broadway. St. liOnis, nio. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St ifllnneapolis, ininn. S. H. Hall & Co. mUnrankee, "Wis. A. V. Bishop & Co. Boston, Mass. E. E. BL.4.KE Sc Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, Kllcb. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. Mcculloch & Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Obio. C. f, Muth & Son, cor. Freeman* Central a vg. Illinois— The annual meeting of the Illi- nois State Bee-Keepers' Association will bo held at the State House, in Springfleld. Feb. 24 and 2.5. 1897 The State Farmers' Insti- tute meets the same week— Including all the State live stock associations— and our Exec- utive Committee, along with them, arranged for this date, in order ihat the Legislature might be in good working condition. (We all know what for.) There will be an effort made this winter to get a Pure Food Bill p;ist, and that means bee-keepers want a hand In it. to see that the adulteration of honev sh;ill cease FOREVER AND EVER. Two years" ago WO suc- ceeded in getting an -'Vntl-Adulteratlon Bill through the Senate, but it failed In the House, only for want of push. Let bee-keep- ers throughout the State impress upon their Kepresentatives the Importance of such a hill, and i orae to our meeting to refresh their minds on the subject. Railroad rates will be no greater than a fare and a third, which will be announced later. Our programs will be Issued along with the other State Associations named above. Jas. A. Stone, Sec. Bradfordton, HI. 32 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. January li, 1897. Bottom Prices BREMG VS BIG TRADE. GOOD GOODS KEEP IT. If you want the beet BuppUea that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to ub for low prices. 1897 Catalogue soon ready —ask for it and a free copy of The Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (36 pages). Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Mention the Aincrico,n Bee Jcwrr^ci. PALACE OAR OR HAND CAR. If you were fioinK on a journey aiui the P. W. W. F. Co.. oITereci you a reasonable rate over their **Coned S|»rintf Koiite," spleiuiid service. safely t'liaranteed— would you ijike it? Or. to save ex- pense, would you "ptinip" yourself over the road ou a hand car? If you choose the latter, be sure the hiiiitl car han the ritfht of way. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian Mich. flc'iuutn the -A'tiifTican lice Jourv.Z't CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Evcrylliiiig used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper in Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. II. PUTNAM. HivER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Mention the American Bee JovymaL The RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees in California. The yields and Price of Honey, the Pastur- ajre and Nectar - Producing Plants; the Bee- Hanches and how they are conducted. In fact the entire field is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Besides this, the paper also tells you all about OalHoriila AarlciiUiire aud HortlcuUure. fl..'jO per Year; Six Months, 7.1 cents. Sample Free. THE KUKAl. CALIFOHNIAIV, 218 N. Main St.. - Los Angeles, Calif. Mention the American Bee Jaurnal Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. :_• KeadwhatJ.I.PABENT.ol (:HAHLTON,N.Y.,Bay8— "Wu cut with one of your Com bined Machines, last winter .so chalT hives with 7-in. cap, KKJ honey-racks, son broad frames, 2,(»K) honey-bfixea and a Kreat deal of other worlt. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., t() maite and we expect to do It with this Saw. It will do ail you say It will. Catalogue and Price -Jjist Kreo. Address, W.F. 4 JOHN BARNK8, iSCtf N0.99S KuDySt.. Kocktord, III. Mention the .Amencc'n. Bee JowincA. Ohio and Pa.— The Norlheaslern Ohio and Norihweslern Pennsylvania Bee-Keepers' As- Boclallon will hold Its 16th annual convention at Corry, Pa., Jan. 21 and 'J'i. 1KI17. Htad- quarlers will bo at the St. Nicholas Hotel; rates rcdmed during the convention toll i)er day f(ir board and lodging, to those attending the convention. Let there be a good atten- dance. The fjucstionbox will be a piomlncnt fealurc, so bring your questions. Corry Is ut the Intersection of the Erie and Philadelphia- Erie railroads. Gi:o. Si-iTLEit. Sec. Moslertown, Pb. BEESWAX WASTED FOR ^^ Foundation Making. -^ m — . — ^ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION, ADVICE TO BEGINNERS, Etc. Address, CHAS. DADANT & SON, When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this Jouhnal Ask Your Friends to Talie Tills Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOS Has No Sag In Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation flas &o FishboDe id the Surplus Honey. Belnn the cleanest 1b usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made J. VAN DEUSON & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Bprout Brook MontKomery Co.. N. Y. Illlfll'c! HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lUlIl !S Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc.. etc. Send for our new catalog. " Practical HiulM " will be mailed for 10c. iu stamps. Apply to— Clias. F. Mutli & Sou, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. Cut Prices to Move Stock ! ! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to ofler these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at once, or you may be to late : V-Top Langstroth Frames, 7,5c per 100 ; 250 for $1.25 ; 500 for $2. All-Wood Frames, pierced for wire, same price while they last. 50 Comb Honey Racks, to hold sections ou the hive, flat, ,S1.00 for the lot. No. 3 VanDeusen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn., in 25-lb. boxes, .$10.50 a box. Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, .$1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, .$1.) Hastings' Feeders, 10c each (old price, 25c.); postage, 13 cts, extra. 18 Shuck Feeders, 8c each, .$1.00 for the lot (old price, 20c.) Hill Feeders, quart size, 8c each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, 40c each ; by mail, GOc. Quinby Smokers at 50c, 70c, and $1.00 each — 20c extra by mail. Jones' Frame- Pliers, 10c each ; by mail, 10c extra (old price, 25c and postage). ■ i >rante«1 by I'^reig-lit, add 25c for cartage ou ortlers for Ictus lliaii $>5 THE A. 1. Geo. W. York, Manager. ROOT COMPANY, 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 21, 1897. No. 3. Proceedings of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Couventiou Held in Chicago, Nov. 18 and 19, 1896. Br A SPECIAL BEE JOURNAL REPORTER. LContinued from page 23. ] IS SWEET CLOVER A NOXIOUS WEED ? Mr. York — I would like to bring up a matter that Mr. Periam is interested in. I received a letter from Mrs. Harri- son, of Peoria, this morniDg, in which she mentions "that noxious weed," and she gives Mr. Periam credit for having clast it as a noxious weed in the laws of Illinois. But bee- keepers think it is a very fine plant. Mr. Periam — I am very much obliged to Mrs. Harrison for the good articles she used to write when I was editor of the Prairie Farmer, but in this case I must beg to be excused. It looks as if it was a healthy weed. The law now stands that it is a noxious weed ? I had nothing to do with that, 1 think ; I know I didn't, but I am willing to say this, because I am able to look dispassionately at the question. When I was editing a paper, I woull not always look dispassionately, because there are so many things to be lookt after. There is no trouble with sweet clover whatever in the hands of a man who knows how to handle any kind of a weed, and everything is a weed when it is out of its place. Now sweet clover is no weed when it is in its place, but when the lines and fence-corners of the farm are full it, then it is a weed. I have always held that opinion. Mr. Chairman, if I ever said so in print, or if I ever said so out of print, I must have qualified it, that it was a weed when out of its place, and not a weed when in its place. I can illustrate that no better than to tell a story my good friend Dan Gillem once told. He was talking aboutclover, to the superintendent of the Fair, who said : " You need not talk to me about clo- ver, it is a vile weed ; we can't get clear of it ; we can't keep it from growing :" and Dan said, " You can bless the Lord he has given you a weed which is one of the most wonderful plants the Lord ever made." SECOND DAY'. — Afternoon Session. QuES. 17 — Is sweet clover a noxious weed ? If not, should bee-keepers abstain from growing sweet clover on their own land, or on leased land, in violation of statutory laws prohibi- ting the same? And in case legal proceedings should be brought against a bee-keeper for so doing, should it be the duty of the Bee-Keeper's Union to assist in defending any member thereof, and thereby, if possible, secure a decision from the proper courts in regard to the constitutionality of such a prohibitory statute? Dr. Miller — Shall wo take the first part of that question first? Is sweet clover a noxious weed? Who will tell us what a noxious weed is ? Mr. Ellis — A weed that is good for nothing. Mr. York — I once heard this definition given: "A weed is a plant for which man has found no use." As soon as a use is found for it, it is no longer a weed. Mr. Ellis — I can suggest an addition to that, by saying, that it is one that has no use in the neighborhood in which it grows, and crowds out other plants that have use. "^"TZH Mr. Periam — In case of melilotus — sweet clover — it is not bad except it is in someplace where it may be a nuisance. Any plant growing upon a man's land that is unlike the Cana- da thistle, whose seed blows around, is not noxious. Now, the melilotus is not that class of plant, because it does not blow away. It raises its seed and drops them only where they are, but if strewn indiscriminately by one man or another, or by the birds, it may become noxious to another man, or another set of men. Dr. Miller — Speaking in general terms, would you call Canada thistle a noxious weed ? Suppose I put the question, and you would not be allowed to say anything but yes or no under penalty of your life ? Mr. Periam — I answer it is. Dr. Miller — suppose I put the same question on the same terms and ground with melilotus ? Mr. Periam— No, sir, I would not. It is not a noxious weed. Dr. Miller — The next part of the question is : Should bee- keepers abstain from growing sweet clover on their own land, or on leased land in violation of statutory laws prohibiting the same ? Mr. Periam — The Supreme Court will decide against that, The Supreme Court will decide every time that the man has a right to grow upon his own land whatever he sees fit, so long as it does not interfere with other people; so I see no use of asking that question, for the Supreme Court will certainly de- cide that a man can grow anything which does not involve loss to the community at large, and that does not, unless some per- son sows the seed. Mr. Kennedy — Does any one present know that there is a statute that prohibits or declares sweet clover to be a noxious weed in Illinois? I have my doubts about it. I have the laws in regard to that, but there is nothing in them that I have seen that says a word about sweet clover. Dr. Miller — I lookt up the laws myself, and cannot find anything, but thought there might be something later. Mr. Kennedy — I have nothing that touches on it at all, or says that it is a noxious weed. It says that the commissioners shall keep the weeds cut from the highways, but it does not mention sweet clover. Mr. Stone — I hardly think that there is such a law, be- cause the commissioners of highways have pretty nearly said hard words in our county about sweet clover. They have accused men of sowing it in the road, and said if they caught them at it it would go hard with them. If there was any law they would have prosecuted them, and one man got very angry at me. because I was a bee-keeper. He was a friend of mine, and throw it at me very spitefully. He said, ''You bee- keepers— [with a blank] — are sowing this sweet clover," and if there had been a law, he would have applied it to the very bit- terest end. If there is such a law, I would like to know it. Mr. Baldrldge — I don't think there is a law to that effect in this State, but there Is one iuWisconsin, and of course this question would cover any State. Dr. Miller — If there is nothing In the Illinois law, we are fighting a man of straw. Mr. Baldrldge — We are just now, but we will not be in a 34 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jail. 21, minute or two, because the members of the Bee-Keepers' Union are scattered all over the United States. Mr. York — Before we pass to the second part of the ques- tion about the Union, I would lilie to read Mrs. Harrison's letter, to which I referred this forenoon. It is as follows: SWEET CLOVER— MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS. This is well known, and gaining in reputation as a forage- plant, and for bee-pasture. Jonathan Periam clast sweet clover as one of the noxious weeds of Illinois, and it has taken time to redeem its character. When D. A.Jones, of Canada, attended the sessions of the North American Bee-Keepers Association, he advocated the merits of what he called " Bokhara clover," first, last and all time. Prof. Cook took a plant in his hand, that Mr. Jones brought with him, and, standing up, smilingly said: "Look at its root; its only sweet clover." So it was, but it was "melilotus officinalis"— the yellow variety. Mr. Jones had the care of nine miles of railroad, within three miles of his ap- iaries, and gave the seed to all of the workmen, with instruc- tion to sow the seed wherever the soil was broken or a brush- pile was burned. While at a sea-side resort in Connecticut, one of our party returned from a ramble with a branch of this plant in his hand, saying, " While I was away, I went through a Held of this so thick that I could scarcely get through it, and I never saw so many bees in my life, upon any plant." I gathered some seed from plants growing upon the borders of a salt marsh, and brought them home, and scattered them, but they did not grow. I gathered the seed as it ripened, and put it into a little sack and it must have heated. I gathered the seed of the white variety in the same way, and it failed to grow. I infer that this seed should be well diied to germinate. I've been watching this yellow variety of sweet clover with much interest, where it flourishes on a dumping ground in this city, Peoria, III. While the white variety attains the height of three to six feet, the yellow is only from two to three. It blos- soms a month earlier than the white, and is more profuse, looking like a yellow sea. The stalks are Hner, the leaflets more blunt, and it makes much finer hay than the white, and is a greater favorite with the bees. Mrs. L. Harkison. Mr. Baldridge — The bee-keepers in Wisconsin dare not sow sweet clover because afraid of being prosecuted. Sup- pose a man wants to sow five or ten acres, he does not need to commence an action in order to obtain a decision through the courts. He can go on and sow that clover. He thinks he has a right to, and a constitutional right, too, and the authorities say, "Here, you shall not do that; if you do, we will prosecute you !" That is the state of affairs there today. Now the ques- tion is, shall the Bee Keeper's Union defend him, or shall he defend himself alone ? Mr. Ellis — It seems to me that this should be lookt on as the life insurance companies are. In such company, it a man dies they pay. his beneficiary so many thousand dollars. Now, It seems to me, that is co-operation. This is a general ques- tion, that is, that whatever is of general interest the rest should rally to that point, and defend or prosecute as the case may be. It seems to me, this comes right in line with those general duties which the bee-keepers owe to each other. Mr. York — Of course, this State association can only rec- ommend to the Bee-Keeper's Union. Only members of the Union can claim assistance from it. It may be that only one- fourth of our members are now members of the Bee-Keeper's Union, so all that we can do is to simply recommend that the Union defend such cases whenever brought before it. I cer- tainly think it is a legitimate work for the Union. It is a mat- ter that all are interested in, and I find from the correspon- dents of the Bee Journal, that sweet clover is becoming more and more useful as a forage-plant. In fact, in the next num- ber will be an article on this subject. It interests bee-keep- ers especially, as it is such a grand honey-plant, and from what I know, it is not noxious, but the legislatures that pass such laws are, thi-mselves, pretty " noxious," methinks. cn It was decided that the Bee-Keepars' Union be recom- mended to defend any of its members who are prosecuted for violating the law by sowing sweet clover. LIGHT OK FULL-WKIQUT SECTI0S8 OP HONEY — WHICH ? (JuES. 18— Should wo encourage the production of light or full-welirht sections of honey ? Dr. Miller— How many think we should encourage the pro ductlon of pound sections weighing less than a pound? Mr. Green — I object to that. Why should we call It a pound section if It weighs less than a pound '? Dr. Miller— The reason Is, that the iH^^-iH section is called a pound section. Mr. Green — I object to the wording of the question. Dr. Miller — Let the question be. Shall we encourage the production of 4'4X'4,'-4 sections of honey weighing less than a pound ? Does that suit you any better ? Mr. Green — That is better. Mr. Baldridge — Would it not be well enough to under- stand what is the object ? If sections are to be sold by weight, should not we encourage them to be full weight ? But I find that grocers prefer, generally, to sell by the section than by weight ; but if it is fo be sold by weight, then it would not make any difference. Mr. Grabbe — I think that nine-tenths of the grocers will pay one cent a pound more for light sections. If the sections are heavy-weight they will pay less for them than the light- weight sections. I don't know of a grocer in the city who sells by weight. They all sell for so much per section. Mr. Mead — How would it do to change the question and ask. Is it for our interest as bee-keepers to produce sections weighing less than a pound ? Mr. Stone — I believe that there is the possibility of one of the greatest kinds of evils from bee-keepers allowing anything short of a pound to go on the market. Just as has been said here, everybody has found that to be the case that the grocers grab at the light sections, and they want to pay you by the pound, and the more sections there are in tbe case, the better they like it. It is doing the very thing that we are trying to avoid, that is, putting the finest apples on the top. If the gro- cers are disposed that way, they will get to be more disposed that way, and the bee-keepers had just as well start the thing right and keep it that way, as to allow it to get into all the other evils. Mr. Kennedy — I beg to endorse that statement. Mr. Green — I don't look at the matter altogether in that light. I have had considerable experience in selling honey, and I have always found, just as Mr. Grabbe has said, that the grocers prefer to sell them by the piece. Mr. Stone — What hurts us is, that they sell them for " pound" sections. Mr. Green— I think not in all cases. In agreat many cases they state distinctly they are not pounds. I will tell you why I want them light-weight sections: Because the 4J^x4Ji we know is a very convenient size for the bee-hive we have in use. The only way we can increase the weight is by increasing the width of the sections, and I am convinced that I cannot get as nice, or as good honey, and I cannot get sections as uniform in weight by increasing the width. The 'fi inch section I can get to run almost uniform, but you increase the width of the section and they will vary very considerably. Dr. Miller — There is that point now that brother Green makes, that has some bearing on the case, that the lighter sections can be more uniform in weight. That is a point worth considering. Now, Mr. Stone wants sections to weigh a full pound. I am in favor of very light sections. I want them to weigh very much less than a pound, and I want it for the same reason that he wants them to weigh a full pound. What I produce I sell by weight and grocers sell it by the sec- tion. They want it to weigh less than a pound, so they can get the price of a pound. Mr. Stone — That is deception. Dr. Miller — You and I are trying to come at it in different ways. You want them always to weigh an even pound, so they cannot deceive, but you cannot get them. I want them to weigh so light that it will bo Impossible for the customers to suppose that they are getting a full pound. If I get thorn down light enough they cannot palm them off for a pound. I formerly felt as Mr. Stone does, but if I can get them down light enough then they cannot be sold for a pound. I am in- clined to tiiiiik that we get just as much honey by making sec- tions narrower. Mr. Green — I think wc can get more. Dr. Miller — It is a good point that you can more nearly get uniform weight with a narrow than a wide section. Mr. Grabbe— I was in a fancy grocery here, day before yesterday, when a customer came in, and said, " How much a pound is that honey ?" and the grocer replied, " 18 cents a sec- tion." They don't sell it by tbe pound. Mr. Affolter — What size sections would you use to make the sections so small that they would not take them for a pound ? Dr. Miller — I would have 4K. and as to width, I don't know just what. I use them about seven to the foot. I don't believe they can keep on selling seven to the foot for a pound. Mr. Green — The seven to the foot section of honey gener- ally weighs % of a pound. Mr. Stone — Would the bees work as readily with such nar- row sections with separators '? Did you ever try to put separa- tors alternately '! 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 35 Dr. Miller — I have. Mr. Stoue — Don't they work better that way ? Dr. Miller — There is not much difference. Mr. Mead — It would be an eighth of an inch wide. I believe that every section should weigh as nearly a pound as possible, and I have been experimenting considera- ble on that question. While I fully agree with everybody that says you can get a more even comb witji a section \li than you can with a 2 inch section, I have been figuring it over, and I find that a section -i '4 by 6 inches long, by 1 M inches wide, fills the exact requirements. It doesn't vary enough to say so, to being an even pound. I have made up a few hun- dred, and put them crosswise of the eight-frame bivo super, and lengthwise of the 10-frame hive. They require very little wedging, and they will not interfere with the supers now in use. Mr. Grabbe says that when the gentleman asked " How much is that a pound ?" ho was told 18 cents a section. He didn't lie about that being a pound, but still the inference that man would have would be that there was a pound of honey in the section. I think for our own interest we should place sec- tions on the market that weigh a pound, or else cut enough below that so there would be no possibility of their being taken for a pound. At the same time, the cost of handling and the cost of the sections will be just that much more. lJ-3-inch sections should have separators at both sides of it to weigh just exactly a pound. GETTING BEES TO WORK IN SECTIONS. QUES. 19 — What is the best way to get bees to work in sections ? Mr. Mead — I find nothing equal to a wide frame, full of sections, put in the lower story of the hive just as soon as honey begins to come in at all, and as soon as they get partly filled, and the honey comes in, I put in more frames. Then I alternate th^partly-filled sections with sections of full-sheet starters in the super. Dr. Miller — Do you get your sections started in the brood- chamber ? Mr. Mead — In the brood-chamber in wide frames holding eight sections each. I find if you have separators very wide and not perforated, that they don't start readily in the wide frames. I have been boring ?^inch holes through the separa- tors, leaving ^i-inch spaces at the top and bottom, and plac- ing those on the outside of the hive with a frame of sealed brood, and in that way they get started very quickly. Dr. Miller — Is there any objection to having the sections put in the brood-chamber to get started ? or is there a better way ? Mr. Grabbe — I always had the best success in keeping the colonies boiling over with bees. Dr. Miller- -One objection to Mr. Mead's way would be the amount of work in it, and the thing must be watched, or there is a possibility of your getting brood in the sections of honey. Mr. Mead — I keep brood and good honey next to the sec- tions, and 1 find no trouble about keeping the queen out of it, especially as I use two-story hives, either eight or ten frames. Mr. Baldridge — I want to call the attention of all of you to a plan of compelling bees to go into the sections at will, when you want comb honey. Dr. Miller — Their will or yours ? Mr. Baldridge — Mine. I can get them into the sections if the colony is of the proper strength, and have them in very my sections all at once and without very much trouble. When the combs are sealed at the top in the brood-chamber, if you will mash these cells at the top of the brood-frames, scarify them with a table fork, shut up the hive, put the sec- tions on, and then rap on the hive, you can fill these sections full of bees ; do this just before dusk, and if you don't find the bees nicely at work there the next morning, you will find some- thing different from what I ever found. Of course, it must be during the honey-flow. It is a practice that 1 have never seen anybody practice but myself and one or two others, but there Is no trouble to persuade any colony of bees of proper strength to work in the section, but do it by rapping on the hive and driving them up. They fill themselves with honey and go up there and work. You have scarified perhaps enough cells so that they have no cells except these to put the honey in. The honey will have to be taken out by the bees, and it is a forcing process, as you might say, but it secures the result. Dr. Miller — What Is the objection to putting a bait section In the super? That would be a great deal less trouble. Mr. Baldridge — I should do it any way ; even if I had a set of sections all drawn out, I should in that case scarify. You can have almost every drop of honey taken out of the brood-chamber at will. Dr. Miller — And then will the bees refrain from puttiog any more honey back In there ? Mr. Baldridge — I have had sections with the combs full drawn out, filled with honey almost in 24 hours. Anybody can secure the same result. Dr. Miller — I think there is no doubt about it, but I very much doubt if you would have any more honey in the supers In the long run, because you make them empty out the honey they would otherwise leave there, and when they do that job of filling up they will fill up the brood-combs again. Mr. Baldridge — This honey they carry up is ripened honey, and if they have plenty of room they won't leave much in the brood-chamber. I am not in the business of producing comb honey, but that is iho plan I pursued for years and years. Ten years ago we were practicing that. Mr. Grabbe — You wouldn't do it unless the honey in the combs was white. Mr. York — I notice in foreign papers that they recom- mend smearing the brood-combs or foundation with honey in order to get the bees to work on them quickly. Perhaps that would do to use in the sections — smear the starters with honey before putting them in. APIAEIAN REPRESENTATIVES FOR FARMERS' INSTITUTES. Mr. Stone — There is one thing I want to bring up, and I am afraid the time will pass before I get to it. The State Farmers" Institute has appointed a director for each Congres- sional District of the State, and it is suggested that we have a representative in connection with them. Now, we have here the names of all of these directors, one of each district. It begins with the 8th and goes clear through the 22 districts of the State. We propose to have a bee-keeper appointed in every district in the State to work aloug with these directors in the interest of the beekeepers in the Farmers' Institutes, and I will suggest that this meeting appoint, as far as they know andean recommend, a bee-keeper that they wish to rep- resent them to work in connection with these directors of the congressional districts. If Dr. Miller will call the name of the director and the district, they can be named at this meeting. Dr. Miller — If there is no objection to this, I will name the counties in each district so you will know in what district you are, and then give you the name of the director, or would you like to have the man named here for the purpose ? Mr. Stone — We would like to have the man named that they wish to assist that director. The following were chosen : 8th district, Dr. Miller ; 9th S. H. Herrick; 10th, C. H. Dibbern ; 11th, J. A.Green ; l2th, C. Schrier; 14th, Mrs. L. Harrison; 15th, C. P. Dadant;16th, W. J. Finch, Jr.; 17th, Jas. A. Stone; 21st, E. T. Flanagan. Mr. Stone — If it is the desire of the convention Mr. York and I can supply the names for those omitted. Dr. Miller — If there is no objection, Messrs. Stone and York will be authorized to suggest names for those not named now. DRAWN OR PARTLY DRAWN COMBS. QuES. 20— What about the importance of drawn, or partly drawn combs, in the sections ? Dr. Miller — Is there an advantage in having combs partly drawn, or having deeper fouudation made? There was some talk at the Lincoln convention, that there might be a founda- tion made with deeper side-walls. This question bears in that direction, as to the advantage of having anything of the kind. Is there any advantage in it over the ordinary foundation ? Mr. Green — The difBculty of that high-wall foundation would be that there will be too ranch wax in it to suit the average customer. Dr. Miller — That won't meet the full question. The ques- tion here is, whether there is any advantage in drawn or part- ly-drawn combs ? Mr. Green — If yo\i would say freshly-drawn combs, I would say yes, there is a great advantage ; but if you mean sections left over from the last year, I think the fewer we use the better. Mr. York — This question was brought up at the Lincoln convention, and it was said there that certain manufacturers were about able to make the drawn combs the same weight, or even lighter, than the natural comb; so I think Mr. (Jreen's objection would hardly hold. I have read in the Bee Journal that some bee-keepers had been using drawn combs for years. There is a representative of the Fox river bee-keepers here — Mr. Baldridge — who perhaps can enlighten us I Mr. Baldridge — I don't think you need auy description of the machine. It has wings. The idea I intended to convey was this, it has been a practice there to a certain extent. They used light-brood foundation, that is, for surplus honey, and had the foundation drawn out in full sheets. Dr. Miller — In the brood-chamber, or above? Mr. Baldridge — Sometimes above and sometimes below — 36 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 21, that depends upon where you can have them drawn the best, and also upon the style of hive you were using. It you were using a hive with the loug chamber, you could draw out at one side of the hive, and still the queen and bee-bread would not get into it. It would take 12 or l.T short frames, and at one end you could have these combs drawn out. But in the shal- low hives they can be drawn out in the top story in full sheets ; not put in frames at all, simply fasten to top-bars and the bees will draw them out as readily as they will full sheets. After they are drawn out partly (and it is not best to have them drawu out too muchj cut them up in correct shape and put into the sections. That has been practiced to a great extent. You can have them drawn out as needed, or you can have a full set drawn out for each colony the previous year, in the fall, when feeding bees for winter on sugar syrup — you thus kill two birds with one stone — you have the foundation drawn out and the syrup stored. The next seasou a sot of these are given to each colony. The sectious are perfectly clean, of course, be- cause it is not necessary to cut them up and put them into sec- tions until you want to use them. You can leave them in full sheets and in that way you can secure a large amount of comb honey. The parties who originated this idea, and probably practiced it to a greater extent than any other in the United States, if not in the world, claim they could get as many pounds of comb honey in that way as could be obtained of ex- tracted, provided that the bee-keepers would allow their ex- tracted to be sealed before it was extracted. Now, I have given you an outline and you can work it out at your leisure, if you wish. Dr. Miller — That was practiced a good deal longer than 12 years ago. Mr. Green — I used to practice that method considerable myself, and I thiuk now that if I want to get the greatest pos- sible yield of honey from a colony, I would do that yet. It is not necessary, as Mr. Baldridge says, to have the foundation drawn out very deep, but just so the bees make a start on it ; they will go right to work. Put a few of these combs freshly- ly-drawn in the supers, and the bees will go up there and work on it. The convention then adjourned to meet in Springfield, Feb. 2-4 and 2.5, 1897. THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPERS' UNION. General Manager's 12th Annual Report, for the Year 1896. BEES SPOTTING CLOTHES. One of the first cases of trouble for the year 189G is from Durand, Ills., where Thos. Gildseth was persecuted by a jeal- ous and meddlesome neighbor for keeping bees — claiming that the bees spotted drying clothes hung on the line. A petition was circulated asking the Board of Trustees to prohibit bee- keeping in the corporate limits. Mr. Q. was much annoyed and appealed to the Union for help to frustrate their plans. The General Manager instructed an efficient attorney to at- tend the meeting of the Board to show the Trustees what the results would be the if the ordinance was passed. Copies of the decision of the Supreme Court were freely distributed among the ofBcials, and that ended the trouble. DAMAGE TO RAISIN CROP. In Riverside, Calif., A. F. Unterkircher was in trouble be- cause a neighbor claimed that his bees damaged his raisins to the amount of .?!()(). It appears that there are ten or twelve apiaries near, but he chose to make the demand for damages of Mr. Unterkircher. Being a member of the Union he natur- ally appealed to it for defense. The Manager took the matter In hand; sent him the Union "leallot" on "Honey and Flow- ers," showing that bees are wrongfully charged with damage to fruit, and had them distributed to enlighten the fruit-grow- ers on that subject, gave the necessary instructions and now awaits the suit. Mr. Unterkircher wrote on Doc. 19 as fol- lows : " I assure you it is very nice to be a member of the Un- ion. Simply a suggestion of the fact brings the prejudiced neighbors to silence. May the Union prosper." SWEET CLOVER AS A WEED. Dr. H. Besse, one of the old friends of the Union in Ohio, had planted a three-acre field of sweet clover for pasturage for his bees. Last July it was growing finely, two of the Town- ship Trustees came there with two other men and cut it all down. "It was," writes Dr. Besse, " growing on the richest and best land on the farm, and was of very large growth, and would have been in bloom until frost. My bees had just commenced working in my sections. I have lost the use of my laud, the seed that I sowed, and the honey crop as well. Also had to pay the officers $27.20 as fees. Is this not pretty tough treatment in a free country ?" The Doctor is 73 years of age, and was greatly incensed at this treatment. The case was submitted to the Advisory Board and it was de- cided to test the law. It is one of the duties of the Union to force correct con- structions of law. A law calling wheat a weed, would clearly be invalid, because unconstitutional, and if sweet clover is raised as forage for bees or cattle (both domestic animals), is it not equally invalid ? Such an outrageous law ought to be tested. This matter is now under consideration, and the Union will seek redress through its attorney. We understand that the amended law in Ohio does not include sweet clover in the list of weeds. Then it is a case of mal-administration through ignorance. In Wisconsin the law clearly includes it, and C. H. Stor- dock was notified last June to cut what there was of it on his land as well as on the adjoining highways. This laws must be amended, for it is unreasonable and unjust. UNLAWFUL PURSUIT. In Marine, Ills., M. Hettel has an apiary, and the Village Trustees were requested to pass an ordinance to prohibit the keeping of bees therein. Their attorney drafted such an or- dinance and it was placed on its passage. Meantime Mr. Het- tel appealed to the Union and the Manager took the matter in hand, dosed the village officers and attorney with Supreme Court documents, and directed the course to be pursued. It was really amusing to read in the ordinance that the bees were to be confined to the owner's premises — averring that they punctured fruit, etc. Of course the ordinance, when its incongruities were exposed and the impossibility of enforc- ing it was shown, was too dead to pass, and was accordingly buried. Mr. Hettel under date of Dec. 8, wrote as follows : "Now, Mr. Newman, this is entirely due to the influence of the Na- tional Bee-Keepers' Union, for had I not been a member of it, my bees would have to ' get,' the same as did those in some of our neighboring towns, whose owners did not belong to the Union. It was thought because it was so easy to make those parties leave, they could do the same tome; but when they discovered that I was backed by the Union and that there would be a big lawsuit about it, they got scared and did the best they could to get out of it. By this, (mother victory has been won for the Union, and permit me to express my sincere thanks for your kind aid in the matter." In Los Angeles, Cal., a provision in the City Charter pro- hibits the keeping of bees within the city limits, with a heavy penalty attached. One of our members residing there was no- tified to remove his bees. He talked it over with other bee- keepers, and Mr. G. W. Brodbeck wrote as follows : "In conversing with Prof. Cook, a short time since, on a plan of procedure in opposition to this provision of the City Charter, he stated that after consultation with an attorney he had decided that the only conclusive plan would be for the Un- ion to make a test case of it. This subject of making bee- keeping prohibitive here in California, is not only confined to this city but has been agitated in some of the various rural districts, and unless the Union does some effective work out here in defense of this industry, the results will not only be disastrous to the bee-keeping fraternity, but the Union will lose its prestige." One locality near Los Angeles, (whore boos are kept by members of the Union) has been annext to the city, and the charter prohibiting bee-keeping now applies to that locality also. The Union has been appealed to, in this case, to pro- tect the rights of its members, and all are awaiting develop- ments, when a case involving the constitutiouality of the City Charier may becoTno necessary. Ci MINOR TROUBLES. In New Mexico, William H. Thorpe anticipated trouble 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 37 by the city authorities prohibiting the l put in a word for Apisdorsata, or rather for the English sparrow. I do not see how the introduction of Apis dorsata could be a damage to anything or any one ; and I am not at all sure that we are to repent of the introduction of the spar- row. The only objection made is that the sparrow has driven out other birds, but nobody has proved yet that it is so. True, the other birds have disappeared more or less, but other causes may have caused their disappearance, and we might not have a single bird more, even if the sparrow had not been in- troduced. And, in fact, the insects and other pests which damage our fruits and vegetables are on the increase, and, after all, what we need seems to be the introduction of a few more kinds of " sparrows," rather than the destruction of the one we have. Knox Co., Tonn. Bee-Notes from Nebraska. BV .J. M. YOUNG. Our bees had a good flight between Christmas and New Years. The prospects for white clover next season were never better in this locality. Our county fair last fall was held on the same date as the Lincoln convention. I wanted to be there to shake hands with some of the old veterans. I atn wintering 40 colonies on the summer stands; 26 of these are In my combined summer and winter chaff hive; the balance are in single-walled, 8-framo dovetailed hives. Bees are not kept in this locality for the profit there is in them, but simply to supply the table with houoy once in a while. What bees there are, are generally kept by the farm- ers, and usually are in some form of a movable-comb hive, but the manner of handling— " let them do as they please," i» practiced to a large extent. isy^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 39 Bee-keeping in this part of the State for the last three or four years has been nearly a total failure as far as honey is concerned ; the dry seasons nearly wiped it, out.or rather dried it out. However, the season of IS'.Jti was considerable of an improvement over former seasons, by the way of honey gath- ering. In writing on bee-culture, I belong to that class of indi- viduals who can't tell or put on paper just what they know. My experience in this pursuit e.\tends over a period of 25 years, and now 1 have come to believe that bee-culture is a trade, to be learned just like any other trade, if success is the object to be attained. Cass Co., Nebr., Jan. 7. Making Large Increase in a Poor Season. BY DR. E. GALLUP. I am requested to tell through the Bee Journal how I manage to make such a large increase in a poor season ; also how I manage doubling up in either fall or spring. Now, if I can make myself understood when I have answered one ques- tion I have answered both. When I practiced natural swarming, it was a very rare thing to have light swarms that needed doubling. The old saying was, that a small swarm was worthless. Well, they were, if hived in an ordinary sized hive and allowed to man- age themselves ; but second and third swarms almost inva- riably have a prolific queen. If increase is what I am work- ing for, I consider all swarms worth saving, but if we allow any colonies to swarm more than once, we must not expect a large surplus of honey. Now, if you have second and third swarms, hive them in the standard size hive, but use a division-board. The old col- ony will be so reduced in numbers that they want a division- board and contraction of the brood-nest also. Take the sur- plus combs from the old colony and divide with the second and third swarms. Now be sure to contract the brood-nest so the bees will be crowded into as small a space as required, for we want to control the heat and still allow for a large working- force in proportion to the mass of bees. Understand that the queen will not deposit eggs where there is not sufficient warmth to hatch and develop the brood. If we have only bees enough to fully occupy three frames, crowd them onto the three, and if when the bees are all in at night, some of them are crowded outside of the division-board so much the better. As soon as they require more room, enlarge their department by moving the division-board and inserting either an empty frame or a frame of foundation ; and always insert that in the center of the brood-nest, as the queen will the sooner occ\ipy it, for if placed at the outside she would not occupy it so soon, and then be apt to occupy it only sparingly. Now you can understand that if we did not crowd the bees into a small space, they would be compelled to build all combs after the first two or three outside of the cluster, and the queen would not occupy it. Then, also, the bees would be compelled — so many of them — to stop at home to keep up the warmth that they could spare but a very small working or ga,thering force outside, consequently they are kept back on all sides. Of course, the old colony must be built up in the same manner, and as we have young and prolific queens, every comb they build will be worker-comb. There will be no drone- comb built so long as the queen remains prolific, or the first season, providing the comb is built in the center of the brood- nest. The bees will often build drone-comb if compelled to build outside of the brood-nest, because they build it for storage purposes only. I always get a fine lot of nice worker-combs built by the above management ; and by this management they will store the same amount of honey in proportion to the number of bees as would a large, powerful colony; whereas, if we hived them as is usually done, without contracting the size of the hive to suit the number of bees, and managing as recom- mended above, they could only build a small amount of comb, and the queen could only breed enough to just keep up the original number of bees ; and if she even did that, she would do well. There would be comparatively no honey stored, and the result — instead of a good, strong colony there would be a very feeble, worthless one, which in all probability, if we put four together, would not be wortth as much as the one rightly managed. To the beginner : Begin on a small scale, and work up as you learn. I have explained the management so that when you have learned the practical part you will find that you have no colonies to double up. Even a colony thal.is reduced in spring, the hive should be reduced b; the use of thedivision- board to suit the number of bees, and If the queen is all right you will be astonisht to see the difference, and how rapidly they can bo built up in comparison to the old method. You spring dwindlers might take a hint from the above. "Well," you may say, " your plan makes a great amount of fussing and bother." My reply is: What are wo keeping bees for, if not to manage them in the best possible manner to make the most out of them, and to keep them in the best possible condition ? On the above plan, and with good, pro- lific queens, it is a very easy matter to make increase. Two queens, if rightly managed, will deposit double the number of eggs that one can, is my motto. Orange Co., Calif. Bee-Jottings from the Southland. BV MRS. L. HARRISON. While waiting a week at Mobile, Ala., for a steamer to cross the Gulf of Mexico to my present residence in B'lorida, I saw no honey for sale — comb or extracted. It is a port of considerable importance, claiming 35,000 inhabitants. It would be well for the producers of honey in the South to create a demand for their product in New Orleans, Mobile, Pensa- cola, and from the Mississippi to the Atlantic are strung along numerous towns, the winter resort of northern tourists. If they have any honey, it is shlpt from Chicago, as it is to this towu. I have seen comb honey for sale in the stores here that was produced in this locality, but in very bad shape, tho beautifully white honey. It is gathered from the ti-ti. (This word should be spelled with a hyphen ; it is of Indian origin, signifying tangle or thicket.) Scientifically it is known as "Cliftonia ligustrina," and thrives only in living water. Its pretty pinkish-white bloom grows in racemes, and is quite fragrant, being a great favorite with the bees, blooming In early spring. I was very much interested in reading an article on "Comb Honey in the South." on page 802 (1896). Ex- perience in handling and caring for honey is what we need ; also the sale of the same. I had always supposed that comb honey could not be kept for any length of time in Florida; that it would gather dampness, and ooze from the comb; but localities may differ greatly in this respect. During the past season, in this locality, a severe drouth prevailed, and most of the bees died of starvation. Further inland from the Bay they suffered less with drouth. Newly- transplanted trees that were not constantly watered, died. Washington Co., Fla., Jan. 1. Tl?e Weekly Budgets Mr. G. M. Doolittle is now one of the editors of the Progressive Bee-Keeper. Mr. Sigel Brautigam, of New Mexico, writes : " Every progressive apiarist ought to have the American Bee Journal. It is worth more than is askt for it. I am glad to see it ex- posing frauds, such as some commission-men and others. Suc- cess to the 'Old Reliable.'" Mr. Andrew Girard, of Bay Co., Mich., wrote thus ap- preciatively when renewing his subscription: " Mr. York : — Enclosed find .$1.00 for the American Bee Journal for 1897, with many thanks to you for your kind iu- formation. Had it not been for your valuable paper, I should have been swindled out of 3,000 pounds of honey ; and now, as soon as the amalgamation is completed, I will send in my dollar to help keep the swindlers down, and also adulteration." Madam Mod.ieska, the Polish actress, has often been re- ported in the newspapers as haviug 600 colonies of bees on her ranch in California. But Rambler has been investigat- ing the matter, and reports as follows in Gleanings : " Is it not about time for that item charging Madam Modjeska with having 600 colonies of bees be stopt from swinging around among the newspapers ? The following from Dr. Gallup settles the matter right : ' I have known the Madam's apiarist for a number of years. I saw the young man today, Oct. 7. He says she has 12.5 colonius, mostly pure Italians, in bad condition. The bees have been fed quite an amount, and they are soon to be moved to the valley to winter. So you now have the facts from headquarters,' says the Doctor." 40 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 21, GEQRCE; W. YORK, . Editor. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, IIS Mioliig-an St., - CHICAGO, //./,. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the PoBl-Offloe at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter. Vol. niVIl, CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 21. 1897, No. 3, Editorial Con)nfcr)i^^ • Ciriiniilated Alfalfa Honey — Last month we shipt five cans of beautiful alfalfa honey to a purchaser in a West- ern State. It was received in due time, but it seems the young man who bought it was not familiar with the fact that nearly all pure extracted honey will granulate. So he forthwith wrote us a sharp letter, intimating that we had sold him sugar that was " as hard as a brick," and that he had tried to sell it, but couldn't, etc. ! Of course we were surprised not a little at the ignorance dis- played, and took the time to write to our young friend a long letter telling him of his mistake, and just how to liquefy the honey, when it would be all right. Now why have we mentioned the foregoing case ? Simply to show that there is a vast amount of educating that needs to be done by bee-keepers— those who know the characteristics of honey, and can intelligently explain them. It might be well to write a short article for your local newspaper, giving a few of the inter- esting facts about both comb and extracted honey. We believe the editors would be pleased to publish them, especially if accom- panied with a good-sized sample of the genuine article to "sweeten them up a little." Don't forget the " bait" if you want to do any "fishing," though really it oughtn't to be necessary in this case, as every local editor should be pleased to publish anything that will be of interest to his readers. Why not begin the campaign of honey education ere another season is here ? The winter is just the time to write out what you wish to have publisht, for then you have ample leisure to do full justice to the subject. .»-»-^ 'I'lio I\atioiiaI ICce-Keepers" UmIoii.— The 13th An- nual Report (for 189G) of the General Manager of this Union reacht ourdesk Jan 11. We give on page IJO what is reported as " The Work of the Year." The whole document occupies 12 pages, nearly half of it being devoted to the New Constitution and Amal- gamation. On Jan. 4, 1807, we received the following from Dr. Besse, whose sweet clover case we mentioned last week, which is also referred to in the Union's Report: Mh. York:— I wrote to Mr. Newman, asking him what 1 sliould do in the case, when after some time he wrote me tUat my case was in the hands of the Advisory Board, and they were divided in opinion, and bad come to no conclusion. Since that my attorney has written several letters to him, hut can get no reply. Now, I have been a member of the National Bee-Keepers' Union ever since its organization, and have always supported Mr. Newman for its General Manager, and I cannot help feeling sore over the treatment. 1 have commenced suit against the trustees in our court, for damages, and shall prosecute it single-handed and "'ooe. H. Hesse, M. D. We have always held that the Union should help defend its members when they get into trouble of the kind in which Dr. Besse is now. But we cannot harmonize the General Manager's Report with the Doctor's statement as above. Again, the recent troubles of Mr. Tbeilmaun are mentioned in the Report on page 36. But here is what that prominent Minneso- ta bee-keeper says in a letter to us, written Jan. 13, 1897: Friend York:— With this morning's mail 1 received the 12th Annual Report of the Union ; also voting blank. I see on my case Mr. Newman gets out very cheap, by simply saying it was not deemed wise for the Union to interfere in such a complicated mat- ter. Is that not the very time we need assistance more than any other '. We have no use for a Union when everything goes smoothly. Did I not pay in my dollars promptly ever since the Union was organized, though I never expected to get into a posi- tion to call for help from the Union ? but now that I did get into trouble. I have to depend on myself, alone. It is very cheap to talk and put things in a good light on paper, but to get help when we need it most is another thing. What good to me is the money in the treasury of the Union, or to other members, if we don't get any good of it, and it is withheld by just one man saying: I do not deem it wise, etc.? If this is the construction of the constitu- tion of the National Union, then the sooner we join the New Union the better, even if there are some faults in the New Consti- tution, as Mr. Newman sees them. He doesn't tell us anything of the incongruities and faults in the old constitution, because some articles which should be there are absent altogether. The old say- ing is: " Better a louse in the kraut (cabbage) than no meat at all." When I askt the Union for help in my case, it was nearly four weeks before I got an answer, and that was all I got. C. TlIEILMANN. One would think from the foregoing letters that the old Union needed something or other in order to make it of real use to its members. It would seem that there are some "incongruities " in its constitution, or management, or somewhere about it; and as one of its humble members we think we are on the right track when we endeavor to get it to adopt a constitution that will per- mit it to help its paying members when they are in lawsuits in which the whole bee-fraternity are much interested. Honey lor Curing: SniaII-I»ox.— Several of our read- ers have sent us clippings from the newspapers mentioning the cure of small-pox with honey diluted in water. Here is one of the items, having been sent out from the city of Mexico, Dec. 38, 1896: Experiments made with small-pox patients in Oaxaca show that by administering honey diluted in water to small-pox patients the pustules of the worst variety disappear, and the fever is im- mediately diminished. The matter attracts much attention. The remedy was accidentally discovered by a young girl who was down with the disease, who secretly refreshed herself with honey and water with the astonishingly curative results, and it was then tried on soldiers sick with the disease. We shall be glad to have any corroborative reports from any of our United States physicians who have experimented in the matter. 't-*-^ Anialganiatlon an'NeM- 'I'nion' Sclienie." — With the same mail that brought us the 13th Annual Report of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, also came the Progressive Bee- Keeper for January. In perusing its usually clean pages, we came upon the following scurrillous contribution from W. D. French, of San Diego Co., Calif. : THAT SEW "union" SCHEME. I have just read in the American Bee Journal, on page TflO, a most dastardly attack on the General Manager of the old " Union." The writer has not manhood enough to sign his name, and so calls himself " Union." The scheme no doubt is to break into the Union treasury, and appropriate the money it has accumulated for the defence of its members, in their lawful rights, and as they think that the present Manager stands in the way of their "scheme," they attempt to assassinate him — morally. After having manfully stood by the bee-keepers for 12 years, and won every case defended by the Union in the courts of the land, it is shameful to persecute him the way Mason, York, and Root are doing. It is simply contemptible. The idea that he must now be pitcht out of office at their insti- gation, simply because he pointed out the weakness and incom- pleteness of the Constitution adopted at Lincoln. Nebr., is a dis- grace to bee-keepers. They cannot point to anything he has done, except to his credit, and so they make a subterfuge of the matter that he is now living in California, and not in Chicago. Do they not know that about one-fourth of the members of the present Union are located in Califoruia ? Ji/j lite leiuj, I reineiiiOer that urer a yetcr (U/u the Amcrieatt Jiee Jour- iiat sutji/ested that Mr. Keimnnji should rjo to Vatlfornia^ the laud of ^^ eliniate and Jlwvers,^^ for ins health and that of his faintly. Was it desired to of llie 4':ilifoi-uia Ivxcliange.— In a late re- view issued by the California Honey Exchange, and sent to its members, occurred the following paragraphs: Recent rains have given encouragement for a good honey- yield during the coming season. In prospect thereof, we have made arrangements for an early shipment of supplies. In making up the order for the carload of supplies it would aid us if members would state, as definitely as possible, at an early date, what sup- plies and articles they may need. If supplies made by local manu- facturers are preferred, we hope to make favorable arrangements with them. In fact, we should aid as far as possible the local manufacturers, if they make supplies that give satisfaction. The new Weed process foundation will be handled exclusively by the Exchange. Bee-keepers will please advise us to what extent they wish to use this production. The price will not be above the ordinary foundation. As soon as we know about what lines of supplies are needed, a general price-list will be issued, from which a liberal discount will be given to members of the Exchange. From the foregoing it will be seen that it will pay California bee-keepers to belong to the Exchange— it will be a saving to them when buying their supplies. Better write at once to Manager J. H. Martin. Bjx 152, Los Angeles, Calif., for full information as to becoming a member. He will be glad to hear from you. Vermont Law on Spraying- — Mr. G. W. Fassett, of Vermont, has kindly sent us a copy of the law in that State, past very recently, being " An Act to prevent the use of poisonous sub- stances upon fruit-trees in blossom." It reads as follows: It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont : Sec. 1.-— If a person sprays or causes to be sprayed, or puts or causes to be put. any Paris green. London purple, or other poison- ous substances upon fruit-trees while in blossom, he shall be fined not more than -MO. and not less than SIO Sec. 2.— This Act shall take effect from its passage. Approved Nov. 20, 1S96. This is short, and to the point— just the thing that will give such necessary protection to bees, as will prevent their being destroyed while working on the fruit-bloom in the State of Ver- mont. Other States should enact a similar law. Fruit-growers should aid in securing such laws, for it is a well-known fact that bees are a great aid to the fullest pollination of fruit-blossoms, and thus are helpers in securing the production of larger fruit crops. Have Hees a Conscience V— The New York Herald recently was guilty of " getting off " the following on the bees: '■ What a funny thing." said Dora, with her gurgling laugh, and she looked at David over the newspaper. " Here the London Spectator prints a long piece asking. ' Have bees a conscience '.' " David lookt thoughtful. " Of course bees have a conscience," he said, his mind hastily reverting to boyhood days ; "or at least they have something that stings." Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer on page 45. 42 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 21, r-.-^7 CONDUCTED BY DR. O. O. MILLER, AIASBKGO, ILL. IQuestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct 1 Pay in Bees for Transfcrriiig- II y brill 8. -Pure Italians v§. 1. I have a neighbor who has 9 colonies of bees in box- hives ; he wants me to furnish hives and do the work of trans- ferring them, and let me take part of them for pay? How ought they to be divided ? 2. Are the pure Italian bees better honey-gatherers than hybrids ? W. L. S. Answers.— 1. There's no rule about it. Settle what is a fair price for the bees, a fair price for the amount of time taken at the work, then figure accordingly. 2. You'll probably find little difference between the pure stock and the first cross, providing you have good stock to start with. Closed-Top vs. Open-Top Sections. 1. When using 8-frame dovetail hives having wood sep- arators slotted on the bottom edge only, is it not better to use Root's No. 4 closed-top sections open on the bottom side only, thereby forming air-tight compartments which will hold the heat of the hive, and help the bees in drawing out the comb foundation ? Or is it better to use open-top-and-bottom sec- lions, which allow a drect draft from the hive-entrance to the cover, which is not always air-tight? P. O. Answek. — So long as there is no wish to put another set of sections over, I certainly would prefer closed-tops, so that the bees could get up through. I would not, however, like to be confined to sections with closed tops, just because in the great majority of cases I want to put more than the first super on a hive. When the first super is % or % filled, it would be a loss of time and money to wait till the sections were entirely filled before giving a second super ; and one super cannot be put over another unless the lower one has sections open at the top, so the bees can get up through. Possibly It might work well to have the first super contain sections with closed-tops, and the second and third supers with open-topt sections. ((ucslions on Swarmins:, Bre-Slings and Bcc- Supplics in California. 1. When is the time to put on sections, before swarming time, at swarming, or after they get done swarming? 2. Do you put on sections as soon as you hive a swarm, or wait until they get the brood-chamber filled ? 3. Is a colony that has not swarmed for four years apt to swarm next season ? or does it make any difference in its not swarming ? 4. Is a colony apt to go four or five years without swarm- ing, and then swarm the next season ? 5. My little brother wanted to know whether a person could get accustomed to a beesting without swelling ? • 6. Do you know anybody in California who deals in bee- material ? I want to get some, and it costs ton much to get it in the East? I got five dovetail hives from Wisconsin, and the freight alone was $8.25. The hives didn't cost quarter as much as the freight. F. E. S., Yolo Co., Calif. Answkks. — 1. Don't go by the swarming at all, but go by the honey harvest. If obliged to give an answer with refer- ence to swarming, I should say before. The old rule is to put on sections whc^n you find bits of white wax along the upper part of the brood-combs. Sections should be on just as soon as the rush of the harvest comes, and It's better to be a little before than after that time. 2. It would be all right to put on supers immediately upon hiving a swarm, only that sometimes the queen goes up and commences laying in the super. If a queen-excluder is be- tween the hive and the super, then the super can be put on immediately. Otherwise it is well to wait a day or two until the queen has commenced laying in the brood-frames. 3. There's no rule about it, but a colony that has been in good heart for four years without offering to swarm during that time, is perhaps less likely to swarm than the average, simply because there is something about the strain of bees--perhaps aided by other conditions — that makes them less likely to swarm than other colonies. But if the four years have been so poor that bees in general did not swarm, then look out for their swarming the first good year. 4. It is not often that a good colony goes four or five years without swarming, but when such a thing does happen, there's no certainty it will not swarm the next year. 5. Some persons swell more than others, but the swelling probably makes no difference about getting hardened to stings. Whether the swelling is bad or not, almost any one will become so that stings will hurt much less, and also swell much less. The veterans think little of stings. 6. [We believe there are several bee-supply dealers in California, and we have wondered why they have not advertised their wares in the Bee Journal. It must be that they are not anxious to increase their business. Perhaps they will soon get to the advertising part. — Editor.] Transferring Colonics from Box-Hives. 1. I want to get 100 or more colonies changed from box- hives to frame hives, and at the same time get all the comb honey possible. Since I shall have no ready-built combs to make up my colonies with, if I should wait until after the flow or even until after the first flow, how would you proceed to have these combs built out ? The matter would be very simple indeed if I were running for extracted honey, but as it is I find sale for only a limited quantity and for this amount I have plenty of extracting-combs on hand. You will see that my great object is to get the full crop of honey and still make these Improvements. Colorado. An.swer. — 1. If you trust to natural swarms and hive your swarms in the new frame hives furnisht with founda- tion, the problem would solve itself and you would secure a good crop of comb honey, and at the same time end the season with your bees well establisht in frame hives. I have doubts whether in any other way you can get as much comb honey, and at the same time have the colonies transferred to frame hives. Of course the idea is to have all the strength of the colony go to the new hive. This has been explained in this department in a late number of the Bee Journal. It is possible that I don't fully understand the case, and that by some means you want first to secure the crop of honey and then afterwards get the colony establisht in a frame hive. In that case, supposing there remains warm weather after the close of the harvest, you may profitably resort to feeding. I have had beautiful combs thus drawn out and filled by putting Miller feeders on top filled with sugar and water, or if you haven't the feeders you can use the crock- and-plate plan. You could also feed the honey taken from the box-hives which no longer were occupied by the bees. ^ If there is some peculiarity in the case that I don't meet, I shall be glad to have you ask further, and I'll try again. B. Taylor's Separator and Its Use. I have been trying over since I first read of this plan to explain to myself how Mr. B. Taylor's separator plan works. He told us that he used his separators between each two sec- tions only. Now bearing in mind that he used narrow sec- tions and his cleated separator, I can see how the bees would build their combs out to 'b inch from the edge of the section on the side where the separator is, but I cannot see why they would do so on the other side. Why would they not bulge the combs there as they do when no separators are used? Don't say that they won't bulge them when foundation is used, for mine have done so time and again. I would like to use such sections and separators the coming season, but I cannot understand the philosophy of it. And one other ques- tion on this same topic : Why would the bees build out to }4 inch from the edge of those sections, thus leaving a bee-space of only ,'ii inch between the combs, whereas in the case of ordinary combs they will make the space greater ? ______^__^^______ _ ^__ P. H. D. _ c^ Answer. — Beginning at^the last end of your question,'! isy] THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 43 thick you will find that M inch is the normal distance between the surfaces of the sections when no separator is between them and there is a good flow of honey. At the close of the flow, sections will be Hnisht up with more space between them, and this may also be the case when the flow in general Is poor. Sometimes a half Inch or more space may be found between two surfaces, but I think you will find that during a good flow no sealing is done till only about li inch is left be- tween the two combs. Counting then K inch between two sealed surfaces, and also between a sealed surface and a sep- arator, you will see that the ^s inch cleats on B. Taylor's sep- arators will make both sides of all the sections built out to within % inch of the edge of the section. With regard to sections being bulged or built to one side, and also with regard to sections being built true without sep- arators, there is a good deal of difference at different times, and possibly in different places. Some have reported that they could get good, straight work done without any separa- tors at all. I never could get such work. When the houcy comes with a rush, and all the sections are being workt upon at once, the tendency is to have the sections all drawn out with equal pace, in which case fair work is done without any separators, and if separators occur in every alternate space there may be no trouble about packing the sections for ship- ment. But in a slack time the work will be more or less cen- tralized, the outside sections neglected and those that are among the outer ones of those workt upon will have the side toward the center filled faster than the other side, thus mak- ing the section swing from the center unless the comb is an- chored to the bottom-bar of the section. Formerly with the full complement of separators in use I had many sections bulged over against the separators ; that is, the section was swung out of perpendicular, and the bottom of the comb built fast to the separator. Latterly I don't have that trouble, even during a slack flow. I suspect it is beciuse nowadays I use bottom starters. With bottom starters and separators in alternating rows there may be but little bulging, especially during a good flow, but it may not be best for you to try it on too large a scale until you find from a few colonies what the bees will do for yon. How to :nake Use of a Lot of Combs. 1. I have a few hives of combs on hand whose colonies became queenless last fall, and were robbed of their stores by the other colonies. Wishing to use those frames of combs for next season's swarms, they being of good quality, how can I best care for them ? Can I hive the swarms on a full hive of combs, or only use one-half or a less number of combs in each hive, supplying the remaijider with frames of full sheets of foundation ? Also, how should they be arranged? Can I place the combs altogether, and the foundation together, or place them alternately throughout the hive ? I use the 10- frame hive. 2. In forming nucleus colonies, when you use from two to three frames of brood and bees, or in hiving small swarms, where you use a division-board to contract the brood-nest, how do you arrange them for supplying the restof the frames? Do you place them all to one side, or spread the frames and place the frames of empty combs or foundation between them. I had a little experience the past season in adding frames of foundation to hives partly filled with frames. When the bees drew out the comb, they made the cells longer on one side than on the other, consequently the combs were to one side of the center of the top-bar. What is the remedy ? C. J., Vermont. Answers. — 1. Either way you mention will work all right. In fact you can hardly go amiss in using the combs for swarms. Instead of filling hives full of old combs, and thus having only a few swarms receive the benefit, it may be as well to divide your favors. Make a guess at the number of swarms you will have, then divide that by 2, and then divide your combs among that number. For example: Sup- pose you have 30 old combs, and you feel tolerably sure you'll have 20 swarms. Instead of figuring on 20 swarms, take the half of that and plan for 10 swarms, and that will make 3 combs for each swarm. The reason for this is that you're not sure about the number of swarms, but you want to make sure to use up all your combs. Perhaps it may be just as well to put the combs all together at one side of the hive, then fill out the rest of the hive with frames entirely filled with founda- tion. If foundation is put between two old combs, it some- times happens that the bees draw out the cells of the old comb unnecessarily, and leave the old comb between them too thin. 2. It doesn't matter so much as to anything else, so you don't allow too much room for the size of the cluster. Keep them sufficiently crowded for room so that the bees will have to cover the whole of all the frames given to them. A small cluster put on a whole hive-full of frames, instead of building each comb regularly down to the bottom, will spread out side- wise and work the combs unevenly. Questiot;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Getting FoiiiKlalioii Filled Oat. Query 42.— A colony is in a one-story hive. I want to give it another story filled with frames of foundation to get them filled out. having a queen-excluder between, and the queen in the empty story. In order to get the best work, shall I put the empty story below or above ?— Iowa. J. A. Green — Above. G. M. Doolittle— Below. P. H. Elwood — Above for a time. Emerson T. Abbott — Put it abov«. Prof. A. J. Cook — I would put it below. W. G. Larrabee — I should put the empty story below. Jas. A. Stone — I would put the one be- low having the queen in it. C. H. Dibbern — I think I should put it below, but I have never tried it. H. D. Cutting — Put the empty super above, but keep the queen below. Rev. M. Mahiu — I would expect the better results from putting below. Eugene Se<:or — I don't know, but I think I would put the empty one below. E. France — I would not do either. I would put all the brood below, with foundation to fill out, then put what combs you have left above, and fill out with foundation. Mrs. L. Harrison — I should think above, but I have had no experience with below. R. Li. Taylor — Which hive is empty? Put the one filled with foundation above, of course. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — If you do this at the right season, I should put the empty story above. J. M. Hambaugh — If I understand you correctly, I would put the super of un- drawn combs above. A. F. Brown — Put below with one frame of unsealed brood from above. I have used this plan extensively. Dr. C. 0. Miller— I rather think below, provided the weather is warm. Perhaps above, if before the honey harvest. Chas. Dadant & Son — Put it above in cool weather, anywhere in hot weather. Put it below during a heavy honey-flow, unless you want it filled with honey. Mrs. .1. N. Heater — Thatdepends upon the time of year, and the strength of your colony. During a honey-flow, if you will alternate the empty frames with the filled ones in both stories, leav- ing the queen below, the bees will do quicker work for you. Dr. A. B. Mason — If your " colony is in a one story hive," it is not empty, and the one with the frames is not empty. If you want to get the frames of founda- tion "filled out" with honey, .put them above, and the queen below ; but if you want to get them "filled out" with brood, put them and the queen below. J. E. Pond — This is a mooted question. I prefer putting it above, but I am not able to say what the concensus of opin- ion is, in regard to the question. In my own locality it would make little differ- ence, if any, but convenience to myself causes the opinion I give. G. W. Demaree — If you want to pre- vent swarming, put the brood above and confine the queen below the excluder on the frames of foundation. To prevent confusion, put one comb containing eggs and unsealed brood below. If you want swarms, or do not object to swarms, put the foundation in the upper story. Bee-Keepers' Pliotog'rapli, — We have now on hand a limited numl)er of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 131 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most ■' faces" for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal office. READERS Of tbiB Journal ivliu write to aiiy of oui advertiHers, citlior 1e> >rderlng« or asking about tlie Goods offered, will please state that (ber Baw the A(fi«e8'MB«aaeiilt Ic tbln papcff-. 44 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 21, IF YOU PLANT RIGHT SEEDS My new Seed Book tell:^ nil about the best vari- eties of ('iihb;it'e ami everything of interest in Seed^;ljow to yrow them for I'roiit, etc. Write to = day FREE Mention this paper and will send you a Kjimple of Buckbee's Raoe Horse Cabbage, the Earliest on earth loi^elher uilh Hi-;mliful«lid Inwtruc- tiveSeed and Plant Book. I-. o.iior537 H. W. BUCKBEE, Knc!'\ KI.I>On XO^i'KS Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. Mouioii the AincTlcan Bee Jcv/roMil. ; ^ r— 1 r-1 — ■ pi r— P I -f ■ ■ 1 ' — ' ' -^^^ . ,^ J ._ _^' [ _ ., =_ t-^ F^ ^^ 3 :::; "^ a :' » trfe. U'i ^.=3 bi? =H?S i.« s ?iti S ^ ^^ te^ ^ A HORSE BUYER He usually proceeds with caution. If a stranger should offer him a well known animal at a "cut rate' he would insist on a bitlof sale from the former owner. Wise fence buyers who are offered the Coiled Spring article by other parties should ask to see a licence from PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Micli. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrannrements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers Xty freight or express, at the foUowinj? prices, cash with order: 5Ib lOB 25B) 50fi> Sweet Clover 65 1.20 2.75 5.00 AlslkeClover $.70 J1.25 »3.00 $5.75 WhlteClover 1.25 2.00 4.50 8.00 AlfalfaClover 65 1.10 2.70 5.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. HATCH Chickens ^r steam- EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Perfect, Self- lie guJ at- till}. ThouscitidH ia &ucce.'i8ru1 o|ieration. Lowent priced flrBt-claNS llati-her made. GEO. II. STAIIL. lll4tolge8. 6thHt. qulney,!!!. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especliiUy. All (jllier SuppliL's iiccordlngly. Send lor Catalog and Prico-List. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Box 187, Sheuovoan, Wis. Mention the Amerlcon tine. ImvnvdU r^^^^x^ 1 . * SAUMENIG! M.i.l.. .Ill ilif) Ih-^,i liii.M. of the ' ti'--t iiN.t.-riiil kii.iwM InlliHiirt. < HEATS WITH HOT WATER i J*,iiliM.>I> jititonmtic; will hutch < lu'tuy 1'j.^t^ tliiiteim be hntcbed. Siiiiril*', ftiinilde.elfoctivo.NfrMl'J inijiHlurllliutrati'driitiilu)^ Ki>. I>t>. THE INVINCIBLE HATCHER CO., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. ^-L Jneriuu/i. tyi s Arner-uxtr. .>3ce .> irM'.%a'^, Qcj^eral licn)s^ Bees Had a Fine Flight. January o was a fine day, the mercury going up to M degrees In the shade. There was no snow, and the ground was dry and nice. The bees had a fine flight, and workt clearing out the hives, as on a spring day. The past honey season was good in this county, and the bees went into winter in fine condition. G. W. Fassett. Addison Co., Vt., Jan. 4. Looking' for a Good Honey- Year. The honey-flow iu this part of the country in ISUtj was a complete failure. In 181)5 my best colony gave me a surplus of l:i5 pounds, while this year I did not get a sin- gle pound. Basswood did not yield any honey, neither did white clover, hence the above results. I am looking for a good honey-year iu IS'.IT. We have had excel- lent rains the past fall and this winter. Cooper Co., Mo., Jan. 4. F. N. Blank. Report for 1896. I had 27 colonies last spring, increased to 33, got about 1,200 pounds of basswood ex- tracted honey, and 800 pounds of extracted mint or balm honey. Wm. Seemann. Grant Co., Wis. Past was a Poor Season. My 34 colonies are in the cellar, and doing finely. The past season was a poor one here. John Hdbbard. Hancock Co., Maine, Dec. 31. Best Season for Years. The past season was the beat for honey here we have had for a number of years. But there is no sale here for honey. From a part of my hives I did not take any honey. I had all we could use, and no sale for the surplus. D. B. Smiley. Lincoln Co., Mo. A Promising' Young Bee-Keeper. I am iu charge of Mrs. Addle Eddy's bees for the coming year. The past year was a good one for honey, but not for swarms. Our apiary is located about 130 feet from the railroad, and is built upon a platform 14 inches high. The jar of the trains do not injure the bees any, as I can see. This is my second year in bee-keeping, and I am not 15 years of age. The Bee Journal has beeu worth twice its price to me. Leon Eddt. Otero Co., Colo., Dec. 38. Had a Midwinter Flight. My 40 colonies are packt with leaves at the three sides — none iu front— and chaff on the top. They are on the summer stands. I have wintered best by this method, as I secure warmth and dryness with needed flights, Jauuary 3 my bees bad a grand flight. I like them to have a midwinter flight. R. D. HOHTON. Tioga Co., Pa,, Jan. 4. A Little Bee Experience, Etc. I am a locomotive engineer, and for amusement 1 am keeping a few colonies of bees. My boyhood days were spent in the southern end of the Adirondack mountains, of New York, and one of our chief pleas- ures as boys was hunting wild bees. My folks, as well as .some of our neighbors, used to keep liees in the box-hives, and I well remember, some 35 years ago, how delighted I was to get to go with my mother to visit an old aunt where I could get my t- you need constantly on band a safe, sure and effectual remedy for the ordinary ills of life; one which will meet the require- ments of all emergency cases and work a permanent cure. p^G«^ 1 iiasdone tbis tor many years an four continents. CURES Briglit's Disease, Urinary Troubles, Female Complaints, General Debility, rialaria, and all diseases arlaiag from <3l3orsM There is no failure where 1 " RELIABLE INCUBATOR i C^^-^ "i^ -"' i> used. It IS fully wiimiiited iimi J " ■"•'^■^^i^-^ !.-> the prudiictoC twelve yeurs of ] e^perieuce. It has never been beaten in a i Show. It is not likeitsc'TiLpetitors— it is better, i We tell wliv in new book on i»oullry. Semi lUc for it. ] RELIABLE INCUBATOR AND BROODER CO. QUIHC_Y-_IL_L^_. ] 36E17t Please mention the Bee Journal. ^^ Vnt ;i iMuf.- liiul uill .'lit a iuirii without f fi^^j i-iiisliiiii;. hfcaiiM- it I'lils frnui lour. ' ■ It H E k"e y s to n e — DEHQRNER— . It ia liiHTiiiru., ral.i.l all.l .Inrahl.. Fully • van-anted. Highest AWAitD at Woiu.i> s W llFAIIt. Descriptive circulart* FI?.EE. ♦ .A.V. ISItOSIliS, I'ocliranville, I'a. 9 !♦»♦♦♦•♦•♦•»>»•♦•-♦•♦•♦ 40E13t Mntriiin rlic American Bee Jimi-hoL Please Send ITs the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bkk Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. isy} THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 45 fill of hot biscuit and houey ! And even after these many years there is nothing that can tickle my palate equal to buck- wheat cakes and honey. Last spring 1 purchast 2 colonies, which inereast to 7, and they produced, all told, about 4.50 pounds of honey. 1 have the bees packt in straw, with the entrances open so they can come out for a play -spell when they choose. I will try the DoolHtle way of queen, rearing, ou a small scale first, to pass away the time between my " runs " on the road, and later I may tell what success I have. I am greatly pleased with the American Bee Journal, and you may be sure I shall renew my subscription when the time comes around. I was sorry not to be able to be at the Lincoln convention, for it would have been a great pleasure to me to have made the acquaintance of the bee- keepers that were there, and to have helpt welcome you all to the great State of Nebraska. Sasfori> Hart.man. Lincoln Co., Nebr. Bees Did Well Last Year. I have .50 colonies in the cellar. They are in good condition, and did very well last year. H. R. Brown. Butler Co., Iowa. Jan. 1. Values the Bee Journal Highly. No bee-keeper can afford to do business without the Bee Journal. I have had it either direct, or indirect, since 1S7S. and I have never had a copy but what paid me for the whole year's subscription — a single copy has been worth -^lO to me. and I cheer- fully recommend it to all. J. W. Young. Kingman Co., Kans. Whitewash for Undressed Lumber. On page Si:i (ISOi!). H. D. asks Dr. Miller about whitewashing a shed of undrest lumber. If he finds nothing better. I would suggest using a paint or whitewash made with lime and skim milk — common white- wash, only use skim milk instead of water in making. This makes a pretty fair, cheap paint. Common whitewash does not last long outdoors, but I think it is some benefit to lumber while it does last. Crawford Co.. Iowa. E. S. Miles. The Poor Seasons Hit Hard. We have been hit exceptionally hard by the poor honey seasons tor the last three seasons. I began the season of ISdl with CO colonies; the empty sections of the preced- ing season were not all required. The 189.5 season I never put a section on — most of my colonies died in midsummer. I began the season of 1806 with 4 colonies, and now I have 10 in good condition. The prospects are good, and I hope to get where my bees will pay me well again. J. W. Wilcox. Jo Daviess Co., 111., Jan. 7. Keport for the Past Season. My bees did very well. I think. I had .3 colonies, spring count, inereast to .5 — one natural swarm and one artificial. One col- ony lost its queen in swarming. She was dipt, and went into the next hive and the bees killed her. They reared another, and two or three days after she commenced lay- ing .she was missing. Then I sent for a queen, and it was two weeks coming, so I got only 24 pounds of comb honey from that colony. My best colony stored 76 pounds of comb honey, and the next 70 pounds. I took from all 'JoS pounds. Mr. Stilson is reported to have made the statement in the convention at Lincoln, that at the last session our legislature past a law giving a bounty to glucose manufac- turers. He is mistaken, for no such law ever past, neither was there any such bill before our last legislature. Mv reason for mentioning this is. that I dislike to have Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING-. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It, We can furnish Wtaite Alfalfa E.ttracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, Hi cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6K cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Basswood Flavor Honey at U cent more when in cans ; or in 270-Ib. barrels at Gji cents per pound. IW A sample of the honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade ? Order one t50-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or 40 cents for 3 pounds. Some may be able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street. CHICAGO, ILL. •?• Money Saved is Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL UMON Life Insurance CompanY DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to beep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents Wauted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g-. 20Atf CHICAGO, ILL. DufEsi { College i Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Classical. Scientiflc, Nor- mal, English, Commercial, Preparatory, and Ladies Literary. Efficient and experienced instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send Tor Catalog. J AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. That Glueen-Clipping Device Free ! CoulduH Do Without II. I have clipped 19 queens, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-beepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind, Works Like a Charm. The Monette Queen-Clipping Device wokks LIKE A CHARM. With It I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees. Wm. Stollev, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us just one ttew tinme (or the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above oflEer ? You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. PROF. A. J. COOK'S BOOK FREE ! The Bee-Keeper's Guide MANUAL OF THE APIARY. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent boob of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the boob here is quite un- necessary— it is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully illustrated, and all written In the most fascinating style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- ?uire any introduction. No bee-keeper is ully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Beb-Keepek's GniDE." Oiven For 2 Xcw Subscriber§^ The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (wiih *J. 00), and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's boob alone sent for 11.35, or we club it with lOe Bee Journal for a year —both together for only J1.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the boo' as a premium. Let everybody try for It. Will you have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 46 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 21, every bee-man from Maine to California think Nebras-kn would be guilty of such a thing. C. W. HAjyiis. Pawnee Co., Nebr. [We think it must have been a mistake, if Mr. Stilson was so reported. We do not recollect hearing him make the statement referred to.— Editor.] Faint for Rough Lumber. On page 823 (189C), H. D. asks for a paint or whitewash suitable for rough lumber. Mix fresh-slackt lime with skim milk to a proper cosisteucy to apply with a brush. This will adhere well to wood, rough or smooth, stone or brick, and will preserve the woodwork to which it is applied. J. F. EoGEns. Bees Did Fairly Well. My bees did fairly well last season. I in- creast from r~'5 colonies, spring count, to 210, and got about 'J.UUU pounds of honey, mostly in one-pound sections. I have it all sold but 100 pounds of comb honey and 300 pounds of extracted, at an average of about 10 cents per pound. Jacob H. Waknbr. Schoharie Co., N. Y., Dec. 29. Not a Good Season. My bees didn't do well last summer. I started with 12 colonies, and now have 21 in good condition. I got about 100 pounds of honey from them. One neighbor of mine started with 25 colonies and got only 150 pounds; and another started with 7, and got 25 pounds. I lay my better success to the Bee Journal. John Bdtek. Ontario Co., N. Y. Slild Weather and Bees Flying. Yesterday the weather was so mild and warm that my bees were flying. How does this weather compare with yours ? W. S. Chambers. Vancouver, B. C, Dec. 2(5. [Our weather was quite similar at that time.— Editor.] A Discouraging Experience. Last spring I lost 62 colonies of bees, which left me just 3, and they gave me !}.< sections of honey, which brought 25 cents. My luck in bee-keeping this year has been very sad. 1 planned so much last spring, and I fed 400 pounds of granulated sugar to the bees, and 00 pounds of extracted honey, and now all 1 have left is the hives, partly filled with honey, and no bees in them. The ^tate bee-association advised early feed- ing, and 1 believe it killed tbeni, as it in- duced too much flying. S. M. Caulzen. Arapahoe Co., Colo. White Clover Seed for an Acre. In the Bee Journal of Dec. 17, Dr. Miller answers H. C, of Denison, Tex., "when and how much white clover seed to sow to the acre." The Doctor confesses bis inexperi- ence on the subject, and makes a latiludi- nous guess of 40 pounds of seed to the acre, and expects now to be ■• pickt up " by some one who knows something about it. Now, knowing .something about it, I'll help out both the Doctor aud H. C, trusting that it may also be useful to others. One pound of white clover seed contains 512,000 seeds ; 40 pounds, 20,480,000, or very nearly 203^ million of seeds. One acre of laud contains (1.272,000 si)uare inches, or a little over O'^ millions. Forty pounds of white clover to the acre would give about 'A^i seeds to the square inch. Provided now the seeds were all sound, as most of the clover seeds now are, such an amount of seed would produce a very thick Our Iew Catalogue = \y -i- 1 \_y Will Be Issued Soon. Send IIS your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy ill I f IJ' lj^ I IT ILLUSTRATES .\ND DE'CKIUES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies Gr. B. LEWIS CO., TVATERTOWN, WIS. mat of clover-grass the very first year, far thicker than it needs to he. White clover is a creeper, its branches taking root again, and one grain will soon cover more than a square inch. It is therefoi-e money thrown away to seed more than will cover the ground. One-third of 40 pounds is seed enough for an acre. Consideriug the high price of white clover seed (:S12 per bushel of 04 pounds), H. C. can save more than ?'.! on an acre. The seed should be secured from a reliable seed dealer, and the ground well prepared. If suitable soil for white clover — a moist clay — it will be a success. Cass Co., N. Dak. F. L. Richter. SEE THAT WINK ! Bc« - Supplies ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Ponder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by liee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rMte. Cat. iree. 'Walter S Ponder, 16ti Mass. Ave.. Indianapolis, Indiana. AMSweniNO IMia advertisement, mention -H18 JOURNIU- t^! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure 'VellO'w BeeS'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will {Jay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°"irw'^-'°'- Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Ripping, Cuttlng-otr, Mi- tring. Rabhctiug, Groov Ing. Gaining. Dadoing Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold oil Ti'iiil. €iihiloi;ae Free. SE>E<1.\ FAl.IiS I?IFG. CO., 4(5 Water St SENEOA FALLS, N. Y. lAly Me.ntu,,. the Amerir-nn fiee )oumal. Our '97 Cataloff —ov— Apiarian Supplies, \\m, Etc. l8 yours for the asking. It is full of lurormation. fy Write for It. I. J. STRIKGHAin, 106 Park Place. NEW YOKK. N. Y. Apiauv— Glen Cove, L. 1. MeiUUyii Oie American liee Journal. BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Of in Exchaug-e i'or Comb Foundation. Higlie.kt Price Paid. If you want your Wax.Workt into Foun- claiion, satisfactorily, promptly, imd at the loivpst price, send it 1o me. ^^ Write for Price- List and Samples. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSXA, TTIS. Mention the American Oee JoumM, UNG DISEASES. ^n years' experience. If your case is sufficientlvsepoustorequire expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, loo State St., Chicago. ^ ^ ^ California It you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers OUmate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL. PRE^iS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. MtrdUm the American Be^- Journal Jk MONEY MAKER — the thrifty industrious hen. All. "1 bout her and how to make mouoy from poultry iu New Poultry Guide for 1 897. lOOpapes.rrinted incolors: best p bins for poultrv housesisure remeiUes iiud recipes ',>\ioT diseases. Sent for 15c. if you write now ^ JOHN BAUSCHEE, Jr., Bos 9i, Freeport, IU. 49.Ai.iL ^T'.ntiotfc the A.merican UtA^JuanuiL IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send H.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., tor his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. CARLOADS t)t HeelUvcs, Sections, Shlp- piug-Ciises. Coinb foundation, anil Kverylliiiig used iu the Bee-Industry. 1 want the name ami address of every Bco Keeper In Aiuer> lea. I supply Dialers as well as consumers. 8eQd lor cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. II. FUT[M.»HI. KiVEH Fai-i-s. Plene I'o.. Wis. Mention Uie American Dee Journal. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 47 Doctor^s j^ii^ts liy I Jr. l^niliii, r 100 State Street, *. Chicago, III. Sore Throats of Various Kinds. Borrowing the wise sayings of old al- manacs, "About now look out for snow," it is well to caution our readers that about now look out for sore throats of various kinds, more or less dangerous, and always painful enough. This is the season of the year when these forms of nlllictions are most apt to occur, and usually through neglect of minor pre- I cautions that can just as well be avoided. To be insufficiently clad, having imperfect footgear, as too thin or low or broken shoes; remaining inactive too long in a y cold wind, and numberless other small " derelictions invite just such troubles as you will wish yourself safely rid of when laid up in bed with more time for reflec- tion than you wish you had. But, happily, most cases yield at once if prompt meas- ures are used. A hot bath— as warm as can be borne— is an excellent beginning. Then jump right into bed, cover, and keep warm. A drop or two of tincture of aconite every half hour and a gargle of alum-water used every hour, generally make matters all right in a few days. Light diet is always advisable iu any form of fever. Scarlet Fever. This is one of the dreads that at this time of year is most likely to visit households. Just why it most prevails in winter no one can give a sufficient reason, but we know it does, and all the worse for that, because the patient cannot be protected as well as in milder seasons. But, after all, with reasonable nursing and a warm room little fear need be felt for results. It is the results of this fever that may be serious, and this can usually be avoided by light diet, plenty of slippery- elm-bark water to drink, and a drop or two of tincture of belladonna taken in sweet- ened water every hour or two. according to the severity of the case. An excellent thing to do is the rubbing of the patient daily with camphorated lard. We have be- fore stated how this should be prepared. It you have forgotten, we will tell you again. If the throat is sore, a gargle of alum-water every hour or two is usually sufficient. Plenris}'. This is also one of the frequent, but hap- pily not dangerous, though sharply pain- ful, afHictions suffered most from the very neglect just mentioned. Here is where the hot bath and warm bed are prerequisites to a speedy cure. Horse-radish leaves wilted in hot vinegar and applied hot over the painful side of the chest usually gives prompt relief. If that is not at hand, a mustard poultice between two thin pieces of muslin (two old handker- chiefs are best) and left on until it burns pretty well, but not to blister, is very effec- tive. Tincture bryonia alba, a drop every half hour, should be given from the start until the pain is materially less, when it ^ may be diminished in frequency. Gener- I ally cured in two or three days. HONEY and BEESWAX The following rules for grading honey jvere adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancv,— All sections to he well fllled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four skies; both wood and comb unsolled by tmvel-staln, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well fllled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsolled bj' travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is, there will be "fancy white," "No. 1 dark." etc. Chicago, 111., Jan. 7,— Fancy white. 12® 13c.; No. 1, lie: fancy amber, 9@10c.; No. 1, 8c ; fancy dark. 8®9c.; No. 1, 7@8c. Ex- tracted, white, 5@7c. ; amber, 5@6c. ; dark, 4i4e. Bee8wa.Y, 26c. • Uomb honey sales are of small volume. Fhiladelpliia, Pa., Dec, 31.— Fancy white comb, l:i-14o ; No. 1 white. ll-12c.; fancy amber. lO-llc: dark. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-8 J.; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3-lc. Beeswax, 26c. Comb honey arriving freely and market overstocked at present. Albany, N. Y., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 12- 13c.; No. 1, 11-12C.: fancy amber, Q-lOc: No. 1 dark, 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; dark. 4-5c. The receipts of both comb and extracted honey are very large, and prices are some- what lower. We have an ample stock of all styles except paper cartons weighing less than a pound. Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 14-loc. ; No. 1 while, 12-13C. Extracted, while. 6-7o. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair lor grades quoted, but no demand for Inferior grades. Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 31.— Fancy white comb, 15c. ; No. 1 white, 13@14c. ; fancy amber, 12-I3c.: No. 1 amber. ll-12c.; fancy dark, lO-llc; No. 1, 8-lOc. Extracted, white, 6-6!ric.; amber, 5 51^c.; dark, 4-4Ho. Bees- wax, 22-25C. Boston, Mass., Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Milwaukee, Wis., Dec. 31.— fancy white, 14-15C.; No. 1, 12-13c.; No. 1 amber, S-lOo. Extracted, white. 6-7o. ; amber, 5-6c. ; dark, 4-oc. Beeswax, 22-24c. New crop of honey begins to come forward. The demand Is very poor and quotations al- most nominal. Weather Is very warm and the consumption of honey Is very small. Plenty of fruit, and hence the appetite is sat- isfied with same In preference. Later on we expect an Improved demand lor honey of all kinds. Cleveland. Ohio, Dec, 31.— Fancy white, 14^(6,150.: No. I white. 12mai3c. Extracted, white, eO'c; amber. 4H@5!4c. Beeswax, 22 There Is not very much honey In our mar- ket Selling rather Blow. Demand beginning to be a little betti-r. Think trade will be fair in this line this fall. Hew York, N. Y , Dec. 31 —Fancy white. ll@12c.; lair white. y@IOc.; buckwheat. 7® Sc. Extracted, white clover and basswood, .5(85Wc.; California, 6c.; Southern. 50c. per gallon. Beeswax In fair demand at 26@27c. The market is quiet and inactive. Demand light and plenty of stock on the market. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Comb honey, best, white, I0(iil4c. Extracted, 4@6c. De- mand is slow; supply is fair. Beeswax Is in fair demand at 22@23c. for good to choice yellow. San Prancisco, Calif., Dec. 30.— White comb. 10-1 ic; amber, 7H-9c. Kxtracted, white, Syi-Sc; light amber, 4!4-45ic.; amber colored and candled, 3-Si-4>4o ; dark tule. 2-^- 3c. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-26c. St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 30.— Fancy white, 14c.; No. 1 white, I2(ai3c.: fancy amber, ll@12c.; No. 1 amlier. lOiaiOHc; fancy dark, n@9y4c.; No. 1 dark, 7@8c. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7c.: In barrels. 5@5!4o.; amber, 4H@4ilic.; dark. 3H(a-tc. Beeswax. 26!/,®27c. Baker stock of extracted honey, 4@r>c ; stock very scarce. Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand. Minneapolis^ Minn., Dec. 31. — Fancy white. ll&612e.; No. 1 white. lOailc; fancy amber. 9®10c.; No. 1 amber. 8®9c.: fancy dark, 7@8o. ; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, wiiite. 6®7c. ; amber, 5(a5>4c. : dark. 4®5c. Utah white extracted, o@5i4c. Beeswax, 2:)® 26c. Market fiilrly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Detroit, Mich., Jan, 9.— Fancy white, 13- 14c; No. 1. 12-13C.: fancy amber. 11-12C.'. No. 1 amber. lO-llc; fancy dark, O-lOc; No. 1. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 5i4-6c. ; amber, 5c. ; dark. 4-4 ^4o. Beeswax, 2o-26c. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcagoi Ilia. R. A. Burnett & Co., 163 South Water Street. New Vork, N. Y. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoelkbn, Kansas City, mo. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnfialo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Plilladelptala, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. liOnls, ITIo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St jninneapolis, minn. S. H. Hall & Co. inilivankee. Wis. A, V. BiSBOP&CO. Boston, mass. K. E. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicb. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Poitder, 162 Massaohusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCdtlloch & Co., 380 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio. C. f, Mcth & Son, cor. Freeman &Oentralavi. "The Wooden Hen."— The little lllua- tratlon shown htrewith is small only in size, but really large In magnitude, when we con- sider that the " Woooen Hen" Is no larger than w'live hen, yet has double the capacity. It weighs only 15 pounds, has a capacity of 28 eggs, and while not a tov. Is Just as amus- ing, besides being instructive as well. We doubt If a more acceptable or more val- uable present could be made to the farmer boy or girl, and we sugirest that every one of them who read the Airerlcan Bee Journal, write Mr. Geo. H. Stahl. Quincy, 111 . and ask him for a copy of hii hand.;ome little booklet descrlolug the " Wooden Hen:" also his large catalogue of the Model Excelsior Incubator. Tell him you write at the suggestion of the American Bee Journal. 48 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. January 21, 1897. Bottom Prices BRINO US BIG TRADE. OOOD GOODS KEEP IT. It you want the best supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1897 Catalogue soon ready —ask for It and a free copy of Xlic Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (36 pages). Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Mention the American Bee Jfourrml, Convention ]\ottce.s. Colorado.— The annual meeting of the Colorado State Bee-Keepprs' Association will be held Jan. 25 and •?(). 1897, at the Horticul- tural KooiuB or the Capitol Building in Den- ver. All interested In apiculture are invited to attend. Frank Kadchfdss, Sec. Elyria. Colo. New TonK.— The annual meeting of the Ontario County, New York, Bee-Keepers' As- sociation will be held at Canandaigua, N. T.. J m 29 and 30, 189T. The usual cordial invi- tation is extended to all Interested in apicul- ture, especially to the bee-keepers of adjoin- inir counties. KuTH E. Taylor, Sec. Bellona. N. Y. Iowa.— The seventh annual meeting of the Eas'ern Iowa Bee Keepers' ABSociation will meet at Ananiosa. Iowa, Kob. 10 and 11. 1897. A corps of experimenters liave been doing special work in the apiary, and will report. Layai cares aside, and come and enjoy the good things prepared for you. Andrew, Iowa. F. M. Mehritt, Pres. Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep- ers' Society will meet Feb. 3 and 4, 1897, in the Capitol Building, Madison. The meeting will be largely devoted to discussions of top- ics that are of present interest to Wisconsin bee-keepers. The editor of the American Bee Journal will favor the meeting by a valu- able es&ay on marketing honey for 1897. The Secretary's report on foul Brood and secur- ing a law to suppress the disease, will be In- teresting. Any question desired to be dis- cussed will be sent to the Secretary. PlattevlUe, Wis. N. E. France, Sec. Illinois —The annual meeting of the Illi- nois Slate Bee- Keepers' Association will bo held at the State House, in Springfield, Feb. 24 and 25. 1897. The State Farmers' Insti- tute meets the same week— including all the State live stock associations— and our Exec- utive Committee, along with them, arranged for tills dale, in order that the Legislature might be in good working condition. (Wo all know what for.) There will be an etfort made this winter to get a Pure Food Bill past, and that means bee-keepers want a hand In it, to see that the adulteration of honey shall cease KOKEVEii AND KVEit. Two years ago we suc- ceeded in getting an Antl-Adulleratlon Bill through the Senate, but It failed In the House, only for want of push. Let bee-keep- ers throughout the Stale impress upon their Kepresentatlves the importance of such a bill, and r:ome to our meeting to refresh their minds on the subject. Railroad rates will bo no greater than a fare and a third, which will be announced later. Our programs will be Issued along with the other State Associations named above. Jas. A. Stone. Sec. Bradfordton, 111. One Cent invested In a postal card will STL't my larjre Cata- log nl All Uoot's Goods, id list ol' what you wiiiii. and K<^'t priuo. ITI. II. IIIINT^ llcll ICruiulK IVIl<'li. MerfliVon tne A.rn£riccm Bee JouffnaL BEESWAX WANTED -FOR ^^ Foundation Making. ^ M I ^ ■ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION, ADVICE TO BEGINNERS, Etc. Address, CHAS. DADANT & SON, When answering this Advertisement, mention this JouRnAc. HSMIEiiila(lcl|>liia, Pa. Mention the American Bet Journal PUBLISHE.D EVERY WEEK AT SI.OO PER ANNUM. 37 th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 28, 1897. No. 4. Foul Brood — Life History and Treatment. [A pamphlet, " Foul Brood and its Treatment," has re- cently been issued from the pen of Thos. Wm. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, and author of other works on the subject of bees. This little treatise begins by showing the importance of the industry of bee-keeping and the valuable service performed by the bees in the fertilization of fruit- bloom The author then draws attention to the one great pest of bees — foul brood. After giving a historical retrospect, and the nature of the disease, he sets forth the life history, which I copy in full, as it shows what foul brood is, and what it looks like — both the appearance of the comb having the disease, and the disease germs themselves, as viewed from the microscope. So far as I know, there has never yet been a photograph of a comb of foul brood, and I take pleasure in presenting one, copied from the work above mentioned. Mr. Cowan says: — Editor.] LIFE HISTOKY OF FOUL BROOD. " It will be necessary to give only a brief outline of the life history of Bacillus alvei to enable us to understand some- what of the nature of this disease. Fig. 1— Foul Brood In (in Advanced Stage. " Bacillus alvei Is a pathogenic or disease-producing micro- organism, in form cylindrical or rod-shaped, and increasing by splitting or fissuratlon. The rods increase in length with- out growing thicker, and at a certain point divide and sep- arate in two, to again increase, divide, and separate.^ Some- times, In suitable nourishing media the lengthening of the rod is not accompanied by separation, but only by repeated division into longer or shorter chains of bacillus filaments, or leptothrix. The rods are also provided with a flagellum at one end, and are endowed with the power of locomotion. Under Fig. 2— Healthy Juices. Firj. 3— Early Stage. certain conditions bacilli have the power of forming spores, in which case a speck appears at a particular point of the ba- cillus, which gradually enlarges and develops into an oval, highly refractive body, thicker but shorter than the original rod. The spore grows at the expense of the protoplasm of the cell, which In time disappears, setting free the spore. The latter formation closes the cycle of the life* history of the bacillus. The spores— representing the seeds — retain the Fig. 4 — Lat4;r Stage. Fig. 3 — Last Stage. power of germinating into bacilli when Introduced into a suit- able nourishing medium, and at a proper temperature, even after the lapse of long periods of time. At germination the 50 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jaa. 28, spore first loses its brilliancy, swells up, and eventually its membrane bursts in the middle. The inner part of the spore then projects through the opening, and grows to a new rod. "The spores also possess the power of enduring adverse influences of various kinds without injury to their vitality, so far as germinating is concerned, even if subjected to influences fatal to bacilli themselves. The latter are destroyed at the temperature of boiling water, while the spore apparently suffers no damage at that temperature. Freezing also kills the bacilli, but not the spores. In the same way chemical reagents, completely destructive of the bacilli, do not affect the vitality of the spores. Carbolic acid, phenol, thymol, salicylic acid, naphthol beta, perchloride of mercury, and many other substances, even when considerably diluted, pre- vent the growth of bacilli, but have no effect whatever upon the spores. The great resistance of spores to high and low temperatures, to acids and other substances, is due to their being incased within a thick double membrane. "There are certain chemical substances which evaporate at the ordinary temperature of the hive, and whose vapors, while not actually killing the bacilli, arrest their increase or growth. Among such substances are carbolic acid, phenol (or creolin), lysol, eucalyptus, camphor, naphthalene, and several others. " If a healthy larva be taken, and a small quantity of the juice from its body spread on a glass slide be placed under the microscope, we shall see a number of fat-globules and blood discs (Fig. 2), among which molecules are in constant motion. If, on the other hand, a young larva diseased, but not yet dead, be treated as above, its juices will, when sub- jected to a similar examination, be seen to contain a great number of active rods swimming backward and forward among the blood-discs and fat globules, which latter, as will be noticed (Fig. 3), are fewer than those In the juices of a healthy larva. We shall also find, as the disease makes rapid progress, chains of bacilli — the leptothrix form — becoming common. In Fig. 4 we have a representation of a latter stage of the disease when the larva is dead and decomposing. Here the fat and albuminoids will be found disappearing, and the bacilli assuming the spore condition. In Fig. 5 we see the disease in its latest stage, when the whole rotten mass has become coffee-colored, or has dried to a scale. Blood discs, fat globules, and molecular movements have disappeared, only a few bacilli are seen, and at last, as the nourishing material becomes exhausted, only spores remain. [ — I " It will now be understood that, owing to the great resis- tance of the spores, chemical substances have no effect at all upon them unless administered under such conditions as would destroy the bees. From this it will be seen how great is the difBculty in curing foul brood unless the disease is attackt iirits early stages. " It has previously been stated that adult bees are some- times attackt by the disease. To prove this, it is only neces- sary to take a weakly bee on the point of death, and examine what remains of its fluids under the microscope, when 'a large number of active bacilli will be found. Such bees leave the hive to die, whereas the infected larvse remain in the cells, unless disinfectants to arrest decomposition are used, in which case the bees remove them from the hives. JIETHOD OF TREATMENT. "The superiority of the modern frame hive over the straw skep is here strikingly apparent. The latter was as a sealed book to its owner, who had no means of detecting the presence of foul brood except by outward signs, and these, as already pointed out, are only manifested when the disease is in its last and most virulent stages, at which time any treatment short of total destruction is entirely hopeless. The owner of a movable-frame hive, on the contrary, can, by the facilities it affords for examining the combs, at once detect the disease in its earliest stages, and adopt measures for arresting its prog- ress, or for stamping it out altogether. Unfortunately the disease is seldom noticed on its first appearance ; but it has nearly always to be dealt with when more or fewer spores are already In the hive. " If, on examining combs to all appearance healthy, with brood compact and larvip bright and plump, we find here and there a cell with young iarvjc moving uneasily, or extended horizontally instead of being curled up, and changing to a pale yellow color, we at once detect the first symptoms of foul brood. The further progress of the disease can, at this stage, be arrested by feeding the bees with syrup, to which three grains of naphthol beta are added to every pound of sugar used. This is employed by the nurse-bees in preparing food for the larviE. We can further assist the bees by putting naphthalene or eucalyptus In the hive. The bees then usually remove the dead larvae. "Apart, however, from experienced bee-keepers or trained experts, very few are fortunate enough to detect the disease at such an early stage, or to effect a cure so easily, and it be- comes advisable to describe the method of procedure in ordi- nary cases — that is, when the combs have irregular patches of brood, with sunken and perforated cappings to the cells (Fig. 1) containing the coffee-colored mass inside. " If the colony be weak, destruction of bees, combs, frames, and quilts, together with thorough disinfection of hives, is by far the best course to pursue. We thus destroy the spores, and so remove the source of infection. If, on the contrary, the colony be still strong, the bees may be preserved by adopting the following method: An artificial swarm is made of the bees, which are then placed in a straw skep and fed on syrup medicated with naphthol beta. The frames, combs and quilts are then burned. The hive is disinfected by being either steamed or scrubbed with boiling water and soap, and then painted over with a solution of carbolic acid (one part of Calvert's No. .5 carbolic acid to two parts of water), and when the smell has disappeared it will be ready for use. The bees are allowed to remain in the skep for 48 hours, by which time the honey they may have taken with them, and which may contain spores, will have been consumed, and the diseased bees will have died off. They are then shaken from the skep into a clean frame hive furnisht with six frames, fitted with full sheets of comb foundation, and are fed with medicated syrup for a few days longer. The skep used as their temporary home should be burned. All such work should be done in the evening, when the bees have ceast flying for the day, to avoid chance of robbing." I — I fA careful reading of the method of treatment as above will make it very apparent why we, in our large experience with foul brood, could not effect a y>ern\ane,nt cure of the dis- ease by the application of disinfectants in the form of carbolic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. While we could kill the bacilli themselves with the antiseptics, we had no effect on the spores, which would hatch later, and, as a consequence, give rise to the disease again. We found it absolutely neces- sary to burn the combs, frames, and sometimes the hives, when it was not practicable to immerse them in boiling water. Mr. Cowan's statements, based on his investigation with oue of the best microscopes, agree exactly with our quite ex- tensive experience with foul brood some years ago. The starvation plan, in connection with burning the combs and frames, and boiling the hives, has workt best — altogether the best — in treating foul brood. It never re-appeared after such treatment, though it did in nearly all the cases where the hives were not boiled, thus confirming the theory or fact of the spores. — Editor.] — Gleanings. ^Uaion of Bee-Keepers— Honey Adulteratiou. BY C. P. DADANT. The members of the National Bee-Keepers' Union are voting on the questions that were raised at the last meeting of the North American Association. It is necessary that we should all look at this matter from a more lofty stand- point than the consideration of small differences of opinion concerning a name, or a few changes in the Constitution of this or that Association, or the question of selecting a Board or an Executive Committee. What we need— every one of us — is UNION. Therefore, whatever be the result of the present vote, let us all make up our minds, beforehand, that we will abide by the decision of the majority, whatever it be. One of the greatest traits of the American nation is the willingness of its people to bow before the verdict of the ballot. We saw it it again last November, when the luost excitable of politicians accepted quietly a ver- dict that upset their hopes. The bee-keepers of the United States need to unite as much as any class of men, whether they be laborers, or machinists, or capitalists. We have before us a dragon to exterminate— "adulteration." It is worse than a dragon, it is a true hydra, with thousands of heads, springing up all over the United States, and when we think we havescared it away, it raises another of its ugly heads at our very doors. The National Bee-Keepers' Union has done good work, but what it has achieved is nothing by the side of what it should achieve. The damage done to bee-keepers in a direct way, by swindling commission-men, by cranky neighbors, or by mis- taken fruit-growers who consider the bee-keepers as enemies, is nothing compared to the damage done them all over the country by the sale on all the markets, of the lowest grade of glucose under the label of " honey." Is there a man among us who doubts that the sale of this shameful mixture under 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 51 the name of honey has lowered the price of honey at least one cent per pound ? I believe I put it mildly when I say one cent. Then at this rate, the bee-keeper who produces 10,000 pounds of honey annually is being robbed of $100 a year. The dam- age to all bee-keepers figures at millions. And in this reckon- ing, nothing is said of the damage to the public health, which Is undoubtedly far greater than the loss that we sustain. Years ago, a war was begun, by bee-keepers, against adul- teration. In 1878 and 1879 a large number of petitions were sent to Congress by the bee-keepers, but to no avail. Yet It somewhat slackened the adulteration. To day it is worse than ever. Yet, we can stop it, for it is against justice. All it needs is a sutJicient effort. We must, then, unite our efforts and construct a Bee- Keepers' Union fifty times as strong and as far reaching as what we have at present. Nothing need detain us. We have good men, plenty of them, who will do what we Want, if we only give them the proper backing, both morally and financi- ally. Bee-keepers as a class are steady men. They are nearly all fairly well ediicated, most of them land-owners, and there are but very few unreliable men among them. Look about you, in all trades and professions, and see if you cannot make as respectable and reliable a gathering as any trade or profes- sion. I say, therefore, that we have the stuff, in our ranks, to form a Union that can command its place, and that can dic- tate to those who try to swindle us, directly or indirectly. All we need to do, is to convince ourselves that union is needed not only among the hundreds, but among the thousands of us. Therefore, I beg you all to unite as one man on the deci- sion of the majority. Give the " Union,"' whatever be its name, the backing of your vote and of your name. Consider that morally and financially it can do you more good, a hun- dred fold, than it will cost you. Let us all unite for the com- mon good, and crush the hydra of houey-adulteration. Hancock Co., 111. The Question of Amalgamatioti Considered. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. I regret exceedingly that there seems to be so much feel- ing on the matter of uniting the National Bee-Keepers' Union and the North American Bee-Keepers' Association. It seems to me exceedingly important that all bee-keepers should hold together and not let anything separate them. I have my own notions regarding the wisdom of this union which I will pro- ceed to give ; but in case a majority of bee-keepers think otherwise, I should at once fling my own opinion to the wind and heartily co-operate with those who think differently. It seems to me that the North American and the National Union have entirely different purposes, and I can see no spe- cial reason why they should be united 1 think a good many people have a wrong view of the North American. They notice each year the comparatively small attendance which is for the main part wholly local, and they conclude — very un- wisely, I think — that the Association is of small account. Our country is so immensely large, times of late so hard, and traveling so expensive, that it is impossible for any consider- able number to attend such conventious where they are Na- tional ; especially when devoted to any industry with such limited profits as those of bee-keeping. We may then rest assured that the meetings of the North American Association can be, will ever be, only of limited attendance. But are these meetings of small value ? I have attended quite a large number in as many as seven or eight States, and I have always regarded these, as well as the many others that I have been unable to attend, as of grsat importance. In all these meetings there is always a sprinkling of our ablest bee- keepers from widely-scattered sections. Besides these, there is always a large attendance from the immediate locality of the meeting. We were so fortunate in Michigan as to have one of these meetings held in Detroit. We had at that meet- ing some of the best bee-keepers of Ontario, New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and some even from States much farther away, while the local attendance from Michigan was large. It goes without saying, that such a meeting will give a great impetus to bee-culture, not only in the immediate region, but throughout our country. We are always sure to get many new ideas, often from experts in the immediate localities which are often brought out prominently for the first time by such meetings. The editors are always at hand, and whatever is new and valuable, is sure of wide distribution. Thus I have never felt that such meetings lackt in importance or value, and have always regretted to read or bear them referred to in a slighting manner. I believe that we can hardly over-esti- mate the value of these me3tings, if rightly conducted. I have had an exceedingly wide experience in connection with such gatherings, in both official and non-of5icial positions. I would have at such meetings all important subjects in- troduced by a brief essay never more than 20 minutes long — I would prefer ten — to be followed by a general discussion. I do not believe — and I have had wide observation — that this plan can be changed without detriment. It is not necessary that the person who writes the introductory address shall be present. Thus we may have representation from our ablest men, and, if desired, from every Slate. This makes such meetings anything but local, and I see no reason to be dis- couraged even if there are not more than 50 or 75 in attend- ance. I had the privilege of attending the Boston Society of Natural History for a considerable time, at two different periods. That Society has had a wonderful influence in devel- oping science and quickening scientific research. Yet very frequently there have not been more than 15 or 20 in attend- ance at a meeting. No scientist would think of saying that those meetings were unimportant, or that that Society was a played-out institution. Thus much for the North American Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion. The National Bee-Keepers' Union, on the other hand, has an entirely different mission, which It has fulfilled with re- markable success. This is none other than to look after the interest of its members, and to see that they are not interfered with because of prejudice or ill-will. I do not see how any one can complain of the work of the Union. It started out with a prescribed purpose, and it has fulfilled such purpose promptly and with efficiency. Because of its work, already so well done, it seems to me now it may well have its scope broadened. I have long thought that it might well take up the matter of adulteration, and I see no reason why it should not also give aid in the way of marketing honey. If these two objects were added to its work and mission, I do not see how any of its members could reasonably complain regarding it. When the matter of amalgamation was first broacht, I was quite favorable to it ; perhaps more than anything else be- cause so many of my good friends, in whose judgment I re- lied, were favorable. I find, however, that there are a good many members of the Union who are not in accord with such action. It has seemed to me all along that this alone should prevent any change. As an organization it was formed with a specific purpose. Many members joined it, paid dues, and as a result quite a fund is gathered. It seems to me that in this case we have no right to make any change, except those who have given to this fund are nearly, or quite unanimous, in the matter. I canot see how either the North American or yet the Bee-Keepers' Union are to be materially aided by a union of the two. Their purposes are entirely distinct, and while each may aid the other, and will certainly if successful, I do not see how each depends at all upon the other, or why they should be united. The Union has certainly done splen- did work — has never been f,ound napping; and so I can see no reason to advocate any change in its work and management, except to broaden its purpose as indicated above. It is cer- tainly true that a large increase of numbers would give more funds, more influence, more power. But so long as we have several hundred dollars in the treasury, I do not see why such an argument should have very great weight. I fully believe that in case more funds are needed, and a greater constituency desirable, the same will be immediately forthcoming. Surely, with such a brilliant record behind it, and such ample fruits, we cannot expect any lack of patronage. From the above considerations I have concluded that the time is not yet ripe for amalgamation. I do believe, however, that we may well amend our Constitution, if it is necessary, so as to take up the other two matters of adulteration and marketing. There is another question that seems to be causing some discussion and difference. I refer to the matter of General Manager. I have always been a hearty advocate of the doc- trine of civil service reform. This doctrine demands the con- tinuance of a person in office— if I rightly understand it— as long as he proves efficient. I see, therefore, no reason why our present able Manager should be supersedad. Were he to be superseded, I certainly should give my vote and influence in favor of Dr. C. C. Miller. I doubt if a better man for the position could be found if we searcht the world over. lam fully mindful of the objection made to Mr. Newman— that his present home in California places him at a long distance from all eastern bee-keepers ; and yet, our telegraph and railroad facilities so greatly bridge this distance that I do not feel that the argument is a very Important one. The fact, too, that the majority of those in the Union are citizens of California; the fact of California's exceeding importance as a bee-keeping 52 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 28, State, and the fact that shs has already inaugurated an Ex- change system, makes it somewhat appropriate that the Man- ager should be a citizen of California. I see no reason why prosecutions against adulteration could not be carried on from California as well as from Chicago, or New York. St. Louis, Cincinnati, Chicago, New York, Boston are all important mar- kets and centers of honey distribution — surely, no Manager could exist in all of these places. Why, then, may he not as well live in San Francisco, the chief city of perhaps the most important honey-producing State in the United States? These are my reasons for voting for the continuance of Mr. Newman in office. If the majority of those in the Union believe that Chicago should bo the home of the Manager, and that Dr. Miller is the more suitable man, I shall be entirely satisfied, and work as heartily for the Union and its interest and success as I have done in the past. Whatever, may be the result, I sincerely hope that all discord and bitterness will be avoided. We are living too late in the world's history to allow inharmony to come into our ranks. I believe that one of the greatest and most important things to-day, not only in the bee-keeping industry, but in all industries, is for the people engaged to work together. Let us all work energetically to carry our point, if we deem it important, and then when a decision is given let us all fall into the ranks and work as one man to accomplish what is desired, and in the way which the wisdom of the majority points out. Los Angeles Co., Calif. Something from a Foreigu Bee- Paper. BY CHARLES NORMAN. Number 12, of the Leipziger Bieneuzeltung, came to hand, and a few items from it may be of interest to your readers. BLACK BEES PREFERRED IN MANY COUNTRIES. Tho not a few German beekeepers handle the Italian, Carniolan and other foreign bees, yet in the north and middle Germany, at any rate, the preference is given to the common black bee. The German bee-keepers being anything but back- ward people, there must be some quite good reason why they thus differ from us who have very little use for the black bees — the more so because our winters in the Northern States are colder and severer than winters over there. To me the reason seems to lie in that our summers are so very hot. The Italian bee is the bee of a warmer climate, and as our climate, in spite of our extreme winters, is a warmer one on an average than that in north and middle Germany, in many parts of France, Switzerland, Austria, and so on, the Italian bee suits us, while Uicy, with their pretty cool, but so far even and equal climate, " go in " for the black bee. THE PROPER WARMTH OF A BEE. That renowned Polish bee-keeper. Dr. Ciesielski, con- ducted some further experiments to find out the proper warmth — not of a whole colony (we know enough in this par- ticular)— but of the single bee. He used exceedingly fine thermometers, made for the purpose. Inducted into both thorax and abdomen, they showed 28^, Reaumur ; Inducted Into the abdomen alone, the stomach being filled with honey, there were 20^, Reaumur. Pastor Fleischmann, who reports this, received his information from some Polish-German bee- keeper. Fleischmann says: "I myself do not understand any Polish, and shall certainly not learn it before I am able to pronounce the following sentence, which I copied when at Reichenberg, namely: 'strc prst skrz krk.' I presume I had better let the Polish alone. Younger ones may learn It. I won't." Dr. Riehm says : " Any creature feels best in a tempera- ture which is below its own warmth." Bees form clusters when the temperature is below 82-^, Reaumur. At about 32- they begin to uncluster and to fan with their wings in order to remove the excess of heat. Therefore, the temperature about them should amount to some (not much, tho) below 32 . A PAMPHLET ON FOUL BROOD. Early in 1897 a pamphlet on foul brood will be publisht by Mr. Lichtenthaeler, at Herdorf. Pastor F'leischmann, who read the manuscript, and who is a first-rate bee-keeper, you understand, positively asserts that foul brood can be cured without the use of any remedies, just by proper treatment, and that hitherto the real danger of infection and transmission has been sought for In the wrong place. Messrs. G. M. (Doo- llttle, I mean), R. L. (Taylor, I mean), E. R. (Root, I moan), (!to., look out for said pamphlet ! You smile at Mr. Flelsch- mann'g"bold" assertion! Well, there are In Europe not a few bee-keepers of note (among them Mr. Bertrand, of La Revue Internationale, and Mr. Gravenhorst, of the Deutsche Illustrierte Bienenzeitung) that are strong advocates of curing foul brood. PASTEBOARD FOR WINTER PROTECTION. That kind of pasteboard which serves for covering roofs and the like is used by some to protect their colonies in winter, because "it not only keeps warm, but is highly resistant to the influence of temperature." A HONEV-PLANT OP HIGH RANK. L. Ehrhardt speaks of " Hydrophyllum Virginianum" as being a honey-plant of the highest rank, being much better than even linden. He distributes seeds graUs, which shows that ho is not " interested " in what he says. Will some one of our botaoist bee-keepers, or bee-keeping botanists, enlighten us regarding said plant ? HAND-PRESSES FOR FOUNDATION MAKING. There are several kinds of hand-presses to make founda- tion with, in use in Germany, Austria, •Switzerland and Prance. Were not the duty, the freight, and the middlemen's commissions on them so very high, many of us over here would, no doubt, buy and use the one or other of them. Some- thing should be done to also have them manufactured in our own country. It is quite a saving to the bee-keeper to make his own foundation. FOREIGN HONEy-EXTRACTORS. As to honey-extractors, some of those which are in use in Europe are, I apprehend, ahead of ours. Whilst our extrac- tors hold either two or four frames, there are some there that hold three frames, standing triangularly in the can — quite an improvement on the two-frame machines — and not requiring a larger can than the latter. Furthermore, whilst our ex- tractors have the gearing on top of the can, some German extractors have it at the bottom, and the top is completely open and unobstructed — nothing is in the way of placing the frames in the can, and lifting them out. Finally, most of the German extractors have three iron legs with eyes in them to screw them to the floor, so that there is not a particle of shak- ing when the extractor is operated. BEESWAX A "CORN" CURE. Are you troubled with corns ? Warm some pure, un- bleacht wax, so that it is soft and adhesive, and can easliy be kneaded. Spread it on a very small piece of paper or white linen, just large enough to cover the corn. Let it lie for three to four days, when, as a rule, the corn will be so soft- ened that it can be completely removed. If not, use a similar plaster for the same length of time, when success will bo cer- tain. Before applying the remedy, take a foot-bath. That 12th Annual Union Report. Br C. THEILMANN. Friend York: — After reading the General Manager's 12th Annual Report over again, and comparing the New Con- stitution (which be criticises) with the old, or the authority he is taking in my case, I can hardly see any use at all to make, or to have, a Constitution. Any number of men can join together and select one of tho lot to whom they pay the money, and let him use it as he sees fit without any examina- tion of the finances by any one, but just accept the receipts and disbursements as he sets them forth. It seems to me if tho Constitution of the old Union gives the Manager such rights, it needs revision more than the New Constitution, for the Treasurer of the now Union has to give bonds at least, while in the old Union it is only a trust. I did not think that tho General Manager could set forth such a shallow excuse, about myself being impulsive, and my case not being the " real issue." This is a very easy and cheap way to get out. I admit I am no slouch, but learned the good rule of tho wise man — " What you want to do, do at once." If tho General Manager was located at Chicago, he would have been the first man I would have lookt up ; but living in California, I might have been In jail or dead before I heard from him, for it took several weeks before I got any answer after I appealed to him ; and what good did it do me ? Only to see In his Report my nicely-written-up trouble ! I can tell you there is not much satisfaction in that, to an old friend and member of the Union ever since it started. I would like to know what the General Manager means 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 53 by my case not being the "real issue." I think it was just the right case for the (Jnion to assist — to show its value to every bee-lceeper of note and the country at large; for no other case of our whole fraternity is spread as widely over the land as this one is. It was publisht In the daily and weekly papers almost everywhere, and would have helpt to enlarge the membership of the Union materially, besides making some of the bad commission-men draw in their horns. We cannot always get a case where we can e.ipect a victory at the end, likewise to constitute a precedent. It begins to sound very slirill to my ears, when I am told that I must send my honey to good, reliable men, and not to unreliable. Who can tell us who is bad and who is good ? Some men are good to-day and bad to-morrow. Being in Chi- cago a number of times, I posted myself somewhat, and think I know a number of good men, but if I have any honey to ship to Chicago next year, some of them may treat me just like Bartling did the past season ; and to go there before I ship any honey is rather expensive. The rating of the commercial agencies is no longer any warrant, as can be seen in the cases of Wheadon and Shea. One of them was rated at $35,000, and the other at 8-1:5,000 ; and each has left his city now — the one from Chicago and the other from Minneapolis. A good, strong Union would better matters ; but reading the General Manager's Report, or pamphlet, it looks as if we were going to have two Unions — one In California and one further east, tho he does not say so right out In his last sen- tences. I hope that matters can be arranged understandingly, so as to amalgamate into one big Union. I do not know why it is that our California brethren always claim a little more than their share, unless it is on account of their imagination. W. D. French claims that about one-fourth of the members of the Union live in Califor- nia. I count 281 members on the present list, of which 39 live in California. One-fourth of 281 is TOj-f, so they claim nearly double as many members as they really have on the list. It is the same way with their big honey crops, and if they do have a good crop, they can't find any other market than the Eastern States. If they would seek a market for their product outside of the United States, then their Honey Exchange would have a right to brag ; but the way it is, I can see no advantage to their Eastern brethren. Wabasha Co., Minn. Are Bees Domestic Animals ? BY F. L. THOMPSON'. In the course of some committee work it became desirable to find out whether bees could with propriety come under the provisions of certain statutes relating to domestic animals, or whether the only way to sei'ure the benefit of said statutes would bn to pass new ones specially relating to bees. For this purpose I mailed a letter to our State Attorney, asking him the question, and also presenting the following facts for con- sideration : "A colony or bees is in every practical respect on the same footing as a sheep, a steer, or a horse. It is a recognized piece of property, has a definite pnarket value (from 82.00 upwards), is subject to contagious diseases, and is individual- ized. It does not run wild any more than steers or horses do when left to themselves, and even then this ' running wild ' is confined to the offspring (swarms), the old colonies invariably being stationary ; and to a very limited portion of the year. And this ' running wild ' does not aSect the ownership of swarms, as long as they remain on the premises of the owner of the apiary ; which they almost invariably do for a few hours or a day preparatory to leaving for good (when left alone). Aggregations of colonies (apiaries) furnish a number of men in this State their only means of support, and mater- ially increase the income of many more. The facts that a single worker-bee is not individualized and has no value, and that a ' colony ' is not an animal, are amusing sophistries, but have nothing to do with the practical aspects of the case. A colony is virtually an organism [no reference to Gerstung's theory] ; its existence is dependent upon the individualized queen. Queens have a definite value (averaging one dollar), and a colony long deprived of Its queen is worthless as a col- ony ; it is not regarded as a commercial article, except for the honey or wax that may be in the hive." His reply was : " The statutes must be construed with reference to their evident Intention and purpose as well as to their language. In my opinion, the statutes concerning domestic animals do not, and are not intended to, include bees. I suppose statutes of a similar nature could be past, but I am satisfied that no court would construe the present statutes on that subject in such a maoDer as to include the class of property mentioned." Somewliat to my surprise my letter also got into one of our dally papers (how, I wonder?), and it and the request was written up In a vivacious style, accompanied by a cartoon representing our State veterinarian doucheing the tonsils of an invalid y-banded bee (not at all what we meant to in- sinuate). The last paragraph read as follows : " Mr. .Thompson's letter nearly stumped me when I first read it," said Attorney General Carr. " I do not pretend to be a naturalist, and so I did not care to say whether or not the scientists class a bee among the domestic animals. On look- ing up the authorities, however, I felt compelled to decide against Mr. Thompson, so I wrote him, giving my opinion that in law a bee is not a domestic animal." (Note, however, that I did not touch on the "scientific" aspects of the case.) Now, far be It from us to desire that a statute should mean anything else than what it was honestly intended to mean, We will not break our hearts over Wwzt. But aside from this particular case, does it not seem desirable that bees should be sotnclhing in law? If not domestic animals In law, what are they ? They are not wild animals, as I attempted to prove, and as the State Attorney virtually acknowledged, by his use of the word " language ;" they are not products of the soil, or real estate, or inanimate objects; they are just property— -but property that neither is nor represents any of those things, and yet is subject to taxation, would seem to be something of an abstraction. The headings of the newspaper article were : " When is a Bee Not a Bee ? When it is a Domestic Animal, says Attorney General Carr." Must we stop at that? Can readers of this journal inform us of any legal decisions on this point? It might be Important, some time. Denver, Colo. CONDnCTED BY DK. O. O. MILLER. MARENGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.1 A Good Honey-Drink. Please tell how honey-wine, metheglin and mead are made. J. B. Answer. — I have no experience in that line, but here's a drink that I have found good : In half a glass of warter stir a spoonful of fruit-juice and a spoouful of extracted houey ; then stir in what bicarbonate of soda will lie on a dime ; then stir in half as much tartaric acid, and drink at once. |As there are already too many Intoxicating drinks made in the world, we hope our readers will not call for any more. At least ue can't consent to use the Bee Journal to help along intemperance. We're "agin"' the whole infernal strong- drink business. — Editor] Part Ij-.Fil led Sections— Cappings- Fecding. -Dividing- 1. I didn't know what to do with ray partly-filled sections for a time, and I have them on hand yet. I see it is advised to set them all out in the bee-yard at one time in the fall, and let the bees clean them out. Would it be best to do It at this time of the year, the first warm day when the bees fly ? If not, what is best to do with them '.' 2. When honey is extracted, what is the best thing to do with the cappings ? If they are put into a solar wax-extrac- tor, how are the bees kept away ? 3. I would naturally understand, on page 756 (1896), that a frame with all the adhering bees could be taken from each of eight hives, and be put into an empty 8-frame hive, with a queen-cell, and all would be harmonious, and as " strong as any in the apiary." Am I right ? 4. On the same page another man says be feeds bis bees 54 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 28, continually till the first of August. J understand from these words, that he noakes it a rule to commence in the early spring and feeds a certain amount, accordinR to his judgment, every day until the first of August or until the fail flow of honey commences. Am I right in this also ? C. G. B., Blue Rapids, Kans., Jan. 6. Answers. — 1. The object of having the bees clean out the sections in the fall is so that there may not be the slightest remains of honey to form granules, for these granules will affect the new honey that the bees put in the following season. The probability is that it is too late now to do any good, for the honey has probably begun to candy before this, and when it is candied you can't count on the bees cleaning it out. If any of the sections are half filled, perhaps you can sell them at a sufficient price to make that the most profitable thing to do. If to use in your own family, you can probably do noth- ing better than to cut out all which contain any honey, whether much or little, pack in a crock and melt very slowly. Then when all has been melted and has again cooled, take the cake of wax off the top, and use the rest as extracted honey. 2. Better first rinse the cappings with water and use the rinsings to make vinegar. Then put them in a wax extrac- tor. There's no trouble about keeping bees away — solar wax extractors are made bee-tight. 3. The reference is to a passage from the paper of N. E. Prance, in which he says : " As soon as the harvest begins, our colonies are very strong, often queen-cells started. We then divide them as we think best, taking from each colony from one to three or four brood-combs with adhering bees, and form new colonies on new stands, as strong as any in the yard." Mr. France is a man of whose practical ability I have a very high opinion, but I don't think he can make what he would call a strong colony simply by putting in an empty hive 8 brood-combs with adhering bees. But you will notice he doesn't say how many combs he puts in the new hive, and it may as easily be l(i as 8. If he puts only 8 in the hive, then he must mean that in time the colony will be as strong as any in the yard. Perhaps Mr. France will kindly speak for himself. 4. I suspect there's a screw loose somewhere about that report. Will Mr. DeLong tell us about it ? Drones Reared in Worker-Cells. I had a one-frame nucleus, the comb being all worker- cells. The center of the frame was sealed brood, surrounded by unsealed brood, and around the unsealed brood were eggs. I took away the queen and these eggs hatcht out drones. Can the bees change worker-eggs to drone-eggs ? If not, how do you account for this ? W. R. Answer. — I don't believe workers can change the sex of eggs. It often happens that in her last days a queen becomes a drone-layer, and it is possible that she changed to a drone- layer about the time of laying those eggs. IVon-Swarmins Bcc§ — Questions. I have a colony of bees that has not swarmed for seven years. They have not failed to store a surplus of 25 to 50 pounds of comb honey. Last year, when 40 colonies only stored 350 pounds, this one stored nearly 50 pounds of it. It can't be the location, nor size of hive. A colony whose queen Is a full sister, sitting by the side of it, swarms every year. The hives are small, 8 frames, 10x12. The non-swarmer is In an old hive, which sits upon a box, and has not been moved In the seven years; the bottom has rotted, and the bees have eaten it out in channels running from front to back. In en- tering, they pass down into these channels, climb up the sides on the frames. I have been thinking of making a hive on the principle of this old one, and see if it will result in less swarming. My Idea is to make a body 1 Ji inches deeper than the frames; immediately under each frame place a board the thickness of the bottom of the frame, standing on edge, so that each frame rests upon it, this board to be bored with holes the size of cells. This will leave quite a space beneath the frames that the bees can make no use of, except to cool themselves off in. I shall try this hive next summer with one of my strongest colonies. What do you think of the idea ? F. T. B., Virginia. Answru. — I think well of the Idea, only it is possible you might attain your end with less trouble. A colony with abun- dant entrance for air Is loss Inclined to swarm than it other- wise would be. Raising the hive by putting an inch block under each corner, leaving the hive open all around, can hardly be beaten for giving plenty of air. But don't hope that the plan you propose, or any other plan of giving plenty of air, will sufBce to keep bees from swarming seven years, or even two years. I suspect that there may be something in the blood of that colony that prevents swarming, and you might do well to breed from it. That colony whose queen is a full sis- ter, and which swarms every year, doesn't prove much. Sup- pose the queens of the two colonies were full sisters seven years ago. They probably met drones of different blood, so that the workers of one queen had only half their blood the same as the other workers. Allowing that the blood in the one hive remained the same (a very unlikely thing, for altho the colony did not swarm, the queen was probably changed once or twice during the seven years), the swarming colony would change half its blood every year on account of the young queen meeting a drone of different blood, so that in the fourth year only one-sixteenth of the blood would be the same, and in the seventh year only one part in 128 ! A Question of ITIanagement. I had three queens I wanted to save for another year with bees enough for a fair colony. I put one queen in the lower story and two queens in the upper story with a queen-excluder division-board. Now, what shall I do in the spring? I can separate, dividing the bees equally; if so, when ? I can let them remain until they swarm, and get a large swarm, the queen in the lower story going with the swarm, then separate and have four swarms with one young queen. I can take out the two queens, making two nuclei, leaving most of the bees with one queen. Reader. Answer, — The first thing to be done is to see how many queens are present in spring. If more than one, then some- thing depends upon theamountof bees present. If all together there are are only bees enough for one fair colony, let them alone till the numbers increase sutBciently to warrant taking away part, then take only as you can afford, always leaving the one strong colony. Oetting ISces from a Spelling Reform— Bee-Trce— A Bee. House — Sowing; Sivcel Clover. 1. A friend of mine and myself expect to cut a bee-tree id the spring. I am to get the bees and he is to get the honey. I have what I consider a very fine hive, that I make myself ; it holds nine Hoffman self-spacing frames. I would like to know just how to proceed to get the bees from the tree into the box. I have never had any experience along this line. 2. I have a bee-house with the open side facing the south. When the weather got cold the past fall I put my bees into this house and packt them in chaff for winter. I just built the bee-house the past fall, and I expect to keep my Dees in it next season. I have the hives packt almost to- gether. I guess they are about two inches apart. Now, can I leave them that way next summer, if I put a board between each two, or will I have to move them farther apart ? or would it be better to leave them as ther are, and divide them off by twos with boards in front, and then have the entrance of the hive at the west open at the west, and its companion hive open at the east, taking it for granted that my bee-house faces the south ? o. I am teaching school. Do you think it would be ad- visable for me to teach the new rule for spelling, as described on page 8 '? 4. I want to sow some sweet clover this spring, and would like to know about what time to sow, and about how much to sow to the acre '? We live in latitude 41?4 '. This is my first season in the bee-business, and I like it very much, and I find that the American Bee Journal is a great help to me. E. M. L., Pennsylvania. Answers. — 1. Circumstances vary so much in matters of this kind that about the best thing you can do is to take your common sense along, and let it guide you as exigencies arise. In some cases the tree can be carefully cut so as to disturb the combs very little, and a section of the tree containing the colony may be hauled home if desired. In other cases the whole business will be smasht to pieces, and you may do well to get the quoon and part of the cluster in a hive or box with some of the broken combs. The bees will be more or less in- clined to lly up to the place where their home was, but if the brood-combs bo left on or near the ground, they will after a time give up and accept the Inevitable. When they get set- idy?. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 55 tied down you will find them generally little inclined to flght, or indeed to do anything. They have sometimes been hauled some distance in the section of the tree without being fastened or confined iu any way, remaining in a kind of dazed condition In and on the log. If they are moved only a quarter of a mile or so, there is some danger that a few will return to the old spot. The rougher the treatment they receive in the felling of the tree the less trouble there will be about their returning to the old spot. 2. If you do not find it inconvenient for yourself, you can probably get the consent of the bees to have the hives close together in a straight row. Even if some of the bees enter the wrong hives, it will make little difl'erence, fur when a worker returns laden from the field, she is pretty sure of a kind re- ception in any hive. In one respect, however, there is danger, and that is with respect to young queens returning from their wedding-trip. Their entrance into the wrong hive generally means the ruin of the colony to which they belong. Some say that painting the entrances of the hives different colors will enable the young queen to identify her own home, and Sir John Lubbock has proved quite satisfactorily that bees dis- tinguish colors. Something should be done to prevent the appearance of a straight row with all the hives looking ex- actly alike. Almost any object or objects in front of the hives will help in this regard. A tree growing close in front, a post before every second or third hive, anything to make one part of the row look different from the others. Your idea of hav- fng the hives in pairs will help much. It is practically mak- ing them twice as far apart as they otherwise would be. Put- ting a board between each two, as you suggest, will hardly do any good, but putting a board between each pair will. If there are as many boards as hives, and all looking alike, then there might as well be no boards. 3. It might not be the wisest thing to teach anything different from the text-books. People are very strong in their prejudices with regard to what they have already learned, otherwise it would be utterly impossible for such outlandish spelling as we have, to continue for a day. Let the scholars spell according to the spelling-book, but there will be no harm in your telling them that a movement has begun, and that many editors, college presidents, professors and others have stopt using " ed " for " t " in the last syllable of some words. Your patrons could hardly make any objection to your uSing the better spelling yourself, and when writing on the black- board. 4. Sow about the time farmers in your locality think best to sow red clover, putting it in a little deeper than red clover seed. It will be no harm to sow as thick as red clover, but less seed to the acre will do, as a single stalk of sweet clover covers a good deal of ground. Comb'Honc}' Management — Paint for Hives. 1 In the July 30 and Dec. 31 (1896) issues of the American Bee Journal, Mr. J. A. Golden gives a plan for keep- ing both the colony and the swarm at work together in the surplus receptacles and preventing increase. What are the disadvantages if this plan as compared with the plan recom- mended and practiced by Dr. Tinker, and described by him in his work, " Bee-Keeping for Profit." 2. Do you think a paint made of hydraulic cement and skimmed milk would do for bee-hives? General LeDuc, once Commissioner of Agriculture, recommended this paint for farm buildings, and said that it is very durable. The color is said to be a creamy brown. The paint is made by mixing one gallon of sweet skimmed milk with a full quart (or a little more) of the cement. If the color is not objectionable, I do not see why this is not a good paint for hives. It is certainly very cheap. If 1 try it, I think I will paint the covers with ordinary white paint. E. B. Answers. — 1. After studying over the matter for some time, I am inclined to say I don't know, and leave Mr. Golden to make the answer, as being more familiar with this plan. 2. I have no practical experience in the matter, but from what I've read I have a favorable opinion of the material you mention. Generally the color of paint on a bee-hive makes little difference, for usually the hives stand in shade. Keeping Seelions Clean on llic Hives. Do you employ any other means than exact spacing and tight wedging to keep your sections clean ? If so, I haven't heard or read of them, and would like to know them now. This staining of sections is a great bother with us toward the end of the season, and altho we may scrape them, wo can never get them to look "just right." Using tallow and other fatty substances has been suggested, but I feel a little doubtful about the effect such stuff would have on the nice, polisht sections, and whether ink from the stamp would adhere to the wood. What do you know about these things ? A. B. Answer— The tops and bottoms of ray sections are not protected from the bees in any way. If taken off early in the season there is very little discoloration. If left on until after the honey-flow, the bees take great delight, apparently, in varnishing the whole surface with glue. But this varnishing period comes with a flow of darker honey, such as I don't want in sections, if indeed there is any flow at all. So when the flow of light honey stops there has been little varnishing done, and at that time all sections are generally removed, whether filled or not. I think there may be a good deal of differ- ence in localities as to the amount of propolis gathered, but I am inclined to the opinion that in all localities the glue nui- sance troubles less in the early part of the season than later. Requeening an Apiary. The queens iu my new apiary are like the colonies— from good to bad. Would it pay me, do you think, to invest any money with queen-breeders ? The reason I put it thusly is because I did invest last year, and the queen, which was a tested one from a very reliable breeder, certainly proved her- self to be no better than some of the good ones I had. She either was nothing more than a hybrid herself, or mine are Italians, one and all. In case you should think it best to get new blood, I want to say that the first of May is the earliest I can get such queens on accouut of the cold in cross- ing the Continental Divide. Would queens do me much good procured at that time for the honey season which opens July 1, or earlier? You will understand that I couldn't afford to buy enough queens to requeen the whole apiary, but would have to breed from the bought ones. Colorado. Answer. — I don't believe I'd try to get the stock changed in time to make any impression on the honey crop of next season. To do that you'd have to get the queens so early that there would be chance of much loss, and, besides, the new queens would cost more than later. With some of them there would be loss in introducing, and that would cut into the honey crop. Better wait till later in the season when queens can cross the Divide with more comfort and safety, procure one or several from which to breed, get some young queens bred from them in 1897, just what you can conveniently accomplish, but hold chiefly to the view that you are getting these new queens in 1897 so as to have them on hand in good season, and in good condition, to use in 1898. Of course, you would keep in mind all the time to suppress a poor queen whenever there was opportunity. A Ne'w Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. ^--•"-^^ The Alslke Clover Leaflet consistsjof 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for 70 cents. •*-•-* Xlie Xanies and Addresses of all yourjjbee- friends, who are not now taking the Bee Journal, are wanted at this office. Send them in, please, when sample copies will be mailed to them. Then you can secure their subscriptions, and earn some of the premiums we have offered. The next few months will be just the time to easily get new sub- scribers. Try it earnestly, at least. :NO'w Is tlie Xime to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offer made on page 45 ? 56 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan 28. CBORCB W. YORK, • Editor. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, lis Micblgaa St.. - CHICAGO, IZ,/,. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Bent Free. [Bntered at the PoBtrOtBce at Cbicano as Second-Class Mall-Matter. VoLinVIl CHICAeO, ILL, JAN. 28, 1897, No. 4, Editorial Con)n)cr)t^^ The ^^isconsin Convention meets at Madison (the State capital), Feb. 3 aud 4— next Wednesday and Thurs- day. It is now our intention to be present, and we hope to meet and greet a goodly number of our readers in that great honey-producing State. We trust it maybe the largest and best bee-convention ever held in Wisconsin. Why not be there and help to make it so ? *-•-*■ Xhey Would Exclude the Bees.— There is an agitation in the city of Riverside, Calif., to exclude the bees from that city. The point made by thosewho would drive the bee-keepers away is the old one, of bees injuring fruit. Prof. Cook had the privilege of speaking in that city recently to a large audience in one of the Farmers' Institutes. He pointed out as best he could the facts in the case. Here may be another case for the Union to put in its good work, and teach some people a lesson. Petition Agfainst Adulteration.— Mr. C. P. Dadant, in his article on page 50, refers to a petition against honey-adulteration, sent from bee-keepers to Congress in 1878-79. This matter was in the hands of Mr. Chas. Dadant (C. P.'s father), who received all the petitions from the bee-keepers of the country, and forwarded them to Wash- ington. But the commendable work begun then seems not to have done any practical good, for we believe nothing more was ever heard of the petitions. But it was a start, and we believe if a strong national organization of bee-keepers were to undertake such an important thing, and follow it up closely all the way through, something would result there- from. As Mr. Dadant says, bee-keepers need to get together, and push as one man for their rights. The Proposed Anialsfaiuation of the National Union and the North American will be decided this month, at least for the present. If it is defeated, we do not see that the National Union will have gained anything — in fact, it will prove a real loss to It, we believe. Prof. Cook writes quite an article on this subject (see page 51), but we fail to see that he gives any good reason why amalgamation should not take place now ; but, on the con- trary, he says he Is quite willing to work heartily for the suc- cess of the new Union if amalgamation carries. He also sug- gests that It would be well for the National Union to so amend Its Constitution as to take up the subject of honey- aduleratlon — one of the very important things that the New Constitution especially contemplates, though the General Manager, in his 12th Report, endeavors to discourage the undertaking of this matter, by saying it will take millions of money to fight the numberless cases that would arise all over the country. But we all know that we do not have to fight beyond the extent of the Union's treasury or financial ability — simply do what we can with the funds collected, to put down adulteration. That's all. And that is all the Union has ever done in the past— simply kept safely within its income in de- fending the pursuit of bee-keeping. Prof. Cook, in common with some other enthusiastic Cali- fornians, entertains the wrong idea that the Union's members in that State are about " the whole thing," for he says : "The fact, too, that the majority of those in the Union are citizens of California." But he'll find it a hard matter to convince Eastern bee-keepers that only 40 members is a major portion of 280. When we went to school we were taught that 40 is as nearly as can he one-seventh of 280. To say the least, it doesn't look well for the "tail" to try to wag the "dog," even if it could, and tho the " tail " be a very useful and neces- sary part of the "dog." While on this subject, we wish to speak of a matter sug- gested in the first paragraph of Mr. Theilmann's article on page .52. Now we do not think that there is a single member of the National Union who for one moment ever entertained the idea that the General Manager's brief annual financial statements were incorrect or not exactly right. And yet it would seem only fair that an itemized statement be given In each annual report sent to the members. Of course, it would be unnecessary to publish it in the bee-papers, but there is no question that the members would be Interested in knowing just how much of the funds it was necessary to spend on each particular case in order to win it. We know the General Manager would be glad to do this, as it would be impossible for all to see his books for themselves, and thus learn it, as would be their right, if they so desired. The members of the National Union have a perfect right to be proud of the work which that organization has accom- pllsht in the dozen years of its existence, but there remains much more to be done in other directions that will prove of untold value to bee-keepers all over this country. As Mr. C. P. Dadant well says on page 50 — we must "unite our efforts and construct a Bee-Keepers' Union fifty times as strong and as far reaching as what we have at present." This we believe can only be done by amalgamating the two existing national organizations, and then all go to work to "crush the hydra of honey-adulteration" — the bee-keeper's greatest foe in the pathway to success. That Honey- Jumble Recipe.— From Glean- ings we learn that the good women-folks that seem to " en- dure" so well living with Dr. Miller, have tried the honey- jumble recipe that we publisht recently, and Editor Root, after sampling them, says they are "as good as the best jumbles every made." (We'll have to take his word for it until we can afford to get a round-trip ticket to Dr. Miller's just for the purpose of eating jumbles with him ! But we see the Doctor wrote Editor Root that he had sent him " the last of the batch," so that ends it !) The following we take from the same editorial In Glean- ings : It seems there was a slight mistake, probably, in the recipe. One of the ingredients was carbonate of soda 4 ounces, and it appears that it should have been 4 ponnds. The whole recipe, then, with this correction, will read as follows : "Flour, IStB pounds; lard, 10 pounds ; honey, 12 gal- lons ; molasses, 3 gallons ; carbonate of soda, 4 pounds; salt, I pound; water, 3 gallons; extract of vanilla, 1 pint." Of course, the proportions in this recipe are too large for isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 57 domestic use ; and for the convenience of the women-folks it is reduced to the following: " Two pounds of flour ; IK ounces of lard ; W-i pounds of honey; 6 ounces of molasses ; % ounce of soda; 1/6 ounce of salt; 1 gill of water: }-2 teaspoon of vanilla extract." If the honey is not of heavy body, increase the quantity slightly. Perhaps the wonen-folks would prefer to have this reduced to "cupfuls ;" but as such a measure is very indefi- nite, we can get at the result more exactly by giving the figures in pounds and ounces, and I suspect it is important that the proportions be as nearly exact as possible. I believe it would Do possible to use all honey instead of molasses and honey. If all the women-folks can succeed as well as Dr. Miller's have done, this recipe is going to be of great value to bee- keepers. Every bee-keeper who has honey to sell ought now to be able to offer to his customers honey-jumbles, home-made, and they will sell like hot-cakes. It might be well to call attention to the fact that jumbles will keep almost indefinitely. Indeed, they seem to improve with age. If they get a little dry, shut them up In a broad- crock, and then see how moist they will become. Calirornia Orang-e Honey.— Prof. Cook, while visiting Riverside a short time since, secured a fine sample of orange honey. The comb was white and the honey delicious. It is to be regretted that the orange honey comes there so early in the season. The bees at this time are so few in num- bers that the product from this source can never be very large or important commercially. If the honey could be pro- duced in large quantities, it would rival that of the sage, white clover, and the linden. So writes the Professor. T\)^ Weekly Budget. Editor Thos. Wm. Cowan, of the British Bee Journal, and his good wife, are spending the winter in Placer Co., Calif., with their son. Mr. W. K. Morrison, now residing on Bermuda Island, is suggested by Gleanings as a suitable person to go after Apis dorsata, if it is thought best to secure these bees for trial in this country. Mr. Edwin Bevcns, of Iowa, wrote recently : " I am getting tolerably comfortable in health again, and hope to live to aid the new Union in its fight with honey adulterators and rascally commission-men." Mr. Ferris E. Gaines, of Will Co., 111., writes: "I like the American Bee Journal very much. There are frequently articles in it which alone are worth the subscription. The new spelling of some of the words ending in ' ed ' is very sensible." Mr. C. P. McKinnon, a bee-keeper near Marshalltown, Iowa, made us a very pleasant call recently. He has some 20 colonies, and runs for both comb and extracted honey, but mainly the latter. He sells his surplus in the home market at 10 and \^% cents for extracted and comb honey, re- spectively. Mr. Chas. Koeppen, a 5-out-apiary bee-keeper in Michi- gan, was pictured in the December Review, and also his 5 apiaries and honey-house. He has from 30 to 75 colonies in each apiary, and his crop of comb honey this year was about 8,000 pounds. He has achieved his present success through difficulties that would have disheartened a less persistent man. Mr. J. F. McInttre, of California, is one of the largest bee-keepers in this country. Prof. Cook writes thus of him and his iiethods: " I had the privilege, a few days ago, of spending a night with Mr. Mclntyre, of the famous Sespe region, of Ventura County. Mr. Mclntyre is not only one of the best bee-keepers In the United States, but he has one of the best apiaries, and one of the best plants that it has ever been my privilege to inspect. The apiary is located in a magnificent canyon. The hives are on a very gentle slope, and at the lower side Is the extracting room. Mr. Mclntyre has an extractor of his own construction which holds a large number of combs, and which reverses while in motion. He works entirely for extracted honey. He has a large. Ore-proof honey-house, and is so fore- handed that ho can hold his honey until the market suits him ; thus he is always able to get a good price for his product. He alms to keep about fiOO colonies, and so manages as not to go beyond this number. After he reaches the desired number, he returns swarms to the hive, taking out the combs, to build up weak colonies. He thus has, at the dawn of the honey season, his 600 colonies all vigorous and strong. By this method of management he'i^ften takes over 30 tons of honey In a single season. I think his crop a year ago was about 32 tons. He reports that the bees just about held their own last year. Mr. Mclntyre is very careful not to extract so closely as to endanger his bees from starvation." Mr. E. C. Wheeler, of Marshall Co., Iowa, wrote us as follows Jan. 3, about the prospects for next season in his locality : " I have much hope for the coming season, as white clover had a new start the past season, and we are having a fair amount of wet weather this winter." The Dowager Empress Frederick, of Germany, takes great interest in all the occupations of country life, and has lately turned her attention to bee-keeping, which she con- siders a most useful industry for the peasant population. In order to encourage bee-keeping she has become the honorary President of the Weisbaden District Bee-Society. A subscriber sends us this bit of news. Hon. Sydney E. Fisher, the Dominion Minister of Agri- culture, attended one session of the Ontario convention at Toronto in December. He delivered a very cordial speech, showing his interest in bee-keeping as a branch of the great work of his department. The bee keepers of Ontario have much reason to be grateful to their Government for the sub- stantial interest it takes in their pursuit. Would that our Government were as anxious to aid its bee-keepers. Mr. J. S. Scott, of Utah, wrote thus Jan. 9 : "I gladly send you .Si. 00 as the membership fee to the New Union, with the privilege of calling for any amount hereafter re- quired to prosecute honey adulterators and other swindlers. . . . Talk about the home market ! I think we produced in our three apiaries more comb honey last year than could have been sold in Utah for home consumption. Hence we are compelled to sell in the East. .. .1 bad the usual experience with swind- lers last year — Wheadon and all the rest — but I did not bite." Mrs. A. J. Barber, of Montezuma Co., Colo., we believe is the only woman bee-inspector on this continent. It is quite a distinction. She was appointed inspector for her county last spring, and has made a pretty thorough canvass of the bees kept in her domain. For thoroughness and conscientious work, commend us always to the good women. (This will not be construed as a reflection upon the splendid work done by Inspector McEvoy, of Canada, and others, for it is not so intended.) Prof. Cook, in a letter from Los Angeles Co., Calif., which we received Jan. 16, said : " While we have not yet enough rain to insure a good honey crop for the coming season, the outlook is very hopeful. We are already within one or two inches of the amount of last year, and have within half enough to make the outlook or prospects very favorable. Thus it is to be hoped that we shall have a good season in 1897. and thit the Exchange will have plenty of work to do." Mr. J. J. Marshall is one of Wisconsin's large bee- keepers, as will be found by the following item, which ap- peared in a local newspaper: "J. J. Marshall was here on business Monday. In company with L. Dalton, they took and sold from their bees, 18,500 pounds of extracted honey the past year. This means that they used about 60 ordinary barrels to hold it." Mr. Marshall has been in the bee-business 8 years, and has had but one year of failure— that was 1893. He feels that adulteration of honey and dishonest commission men are to be dreaded far more than foul brood in Wisconsin. That may be true, and yet aH deserve such laws that beekeepers can help to enforce when necessary in order to protect them- selves. 1^" See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 45. 58 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 28, I VIA THE CHICAGO ConlduH Do Withont It. I have clipped 19 queeDS, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping- Device is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. ' chicago.Union Pacific V -=#fe<^ND North-western Line The Overland Limited " - - . LE/^VES CHICAGO DAILY VIATME:-,.^. Gi i(D\oo^ North Western Rai nwnr ; CI TY T I C K E.T O F F I C EL a08 CLARK STREET CHICAGO That Queen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Charm, The MoQette Queen Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it 1 have clipped 30 queens, all in one daj'. wheu examining my bees. Wm. Stoi.ley. Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us jnat one new name for the American Bee Journal a year (with SI. 00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 80 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. 80000000000000000 CUE LIGHT of gospel truth sometimes grows dim in the FARMER'S HOME. See to it that the boys and girls have help- ful literature, botli papers and books, something instructive and entertaining. Cbe Union 6o$pel Xm% o with its cheering weekly message will go a long way toward bright- ening and gladdening the hearts and minds of the farmer's family. It has something in it of interest to every member of the household. Its publisliers are ottering special inducements at this time for sub- scrii)tions. Notice our proposition. AVe will send one of those splendid Bagster Teacher's Bibles Avith its latest and best helps, new concordance, indexed maps, illustrations, flexible cover, etc. Size when open, 9xl2;-< inches. You can get this Bil)le at this time, also a year's subscription to rXION GOSPEL NEWS, 52 numbers, for i?1.80, or the IMhle will be sent free for 8 new subscriptions at 50 c. each, i f riirther information is desired, write us. D. L. Moody and iiiiiny other pi-oniinent evangelists use this Bible. Over l()o,()()0 ])HO])le are already regular readers of Union Gospel News. Don't you want to join this goodly company? Address Cbe Gospel news Co., itE?;;sS!oH'io. >g< QpOOOOOOOOOCX>OOOOOOOi Qej^cral Iten^s^ Sweet Clover— Small Honey Crop. 1 am in great hopes that sweet clover will be taken off the black list this winter. If you can help us any, I wish you would. 1 had a small honey-crop, and got a small price for it, but 1 will stick to the Bee Jour- nal. I have 'M colonies in the cellar at present, apparently doing well. Henry Stark. Shawano Co., Wis., Dec. 30. Season Good in Early Part. I cannot get along without the American Bee Journal. Last season was very good up to July, when it slackened down consid- erable, but the fall flow helpt me out again. 1 got ',1.511 pounds of comb honey all together, and I had plenty of swarms through the latter part of May and June. I am winter- ing 52 colonies and 4 nuclei, which have plenty of stores, on the summer stands. Henry K. Gresh. Elk Co., Pa., Dee. 29. Honey-Plants Looking Well. Bees are mostly in fine condition for win- ter, as what little honey they gathered the past season was gathered in the fall, after the fall rains set in, and most of the bees are strong in numbers and heavy in stores. All of our best honey-plants are up and looking well. It we can just have a few good rains the rest of the winter and spring the honey crop is assured for 1S97. Long life to the American Bee Journal ! L. B. .Smith. Lampasas Co., Tex., Dec. 29. Abundance of White Clover. It has been less than an average season here for honey, but the prospects are fine for next season, as we shall have an abun- dance of white clover. 1 was quite successful with my exhibit at the county fair the past fall, securing three first premiums— on nucleus of bees, ex- tracted honey and foundation, and second premium on comb honey. F. S. TiNSLAR, D. D. S. Kankakee Co., III. Results of the Past Season. I think my bees have done well. I had been keeping bees in the box-hive for sev- eral years, and last spring I had 0 colonies. I then purchast 6 dovetail 10-frame hives, and put the new swarms into them, using half sheets of foundation. Not having an extractor, I had to build up 4 of them 4 stories high. I borrowed an extractor from a neighbor bee-keeper, and extracted 700 pounds from the 6 colonies — 300 of white clover and 40(1 pounds of Spanish- needle; it was all fine honey. The white clover is in fine condition for next year. My bees are in good condition to go through the winter. They are hybrids, and workers, too. 1 have 9 colonies in dovetail hives, and three in the old hives. I owe my suc- cess to the Bee .lournal, as 1 subscribed for it when 1 bought the hives. I couldn't get along without it now. 1 think the Editor has done a good thing iu getting after the fraudulent honey commission men. 1 am well pleased with my first year's work. W. L. Smithey. Monroe Co., Mo., Dec. 30. A Horticultural Bee-Keeper. I have 30 colonies of bees, mostly hy- brids. 1 am running principally for in- crease. 1 got only 400 pounds of comb honey this year, and yet 1 think this is a fair bee-country. Last spring I started with 14 colonies and increased to 30. They isyr. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 59 Our Iew Catalogue z=z=z Vy -i- 1 Vy Wh,i, Be Issued Soon. Send us your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailinR you a copy Ij lIB Ij'lJ' I IT ILLUSTRATES AND DKSCKIBES ALL THP: Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies Gr. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. FEED YOUR BEES WITH BASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. lOO, 2 to r. a--t. iSlO. lOO Biiswooa Seedlings, *1. Delivtrfd Iivl-. OtliLi- ■ izes just as cheap. 50 !B«1.00 Bargains by mail. Millions to select from. Al?-o i'mit Trees, Small Fruits. Vines, etc. Liberal oafth commissions for ubs. Illustrated catalogue free. iJood local .Saksnit-u umited. Address i ,>--=■ -- - -- ♦ D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL. I Mention the A merican Bee JourruiL *$• MONEY Saved is Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL UMOS Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that deflnitely cromlses to keep an accurate account with you : credit your premiums and interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining: funds subject to your order. Agents ^Vauted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, SOAtf CHICAGO, IIiIj. Mention ilycAmer-ijcan Uce Srumal DliPESNE \ COLLEGE! » Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses —Classical. Scientific, Nor- mal, English, Commercial, Preparatory, and Ladies Literary. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. 8ef Jc/fMJt, «K'5 i".z A ri:^-rics. THROAT AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, loo State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. LOWER PEiCE8 ! We can furnish White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7}4 cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6>2 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at '4 cent more when in cans : or in 270-lb. barrels at (i;.2 cents per pound. A sample of the honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for S cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade? Order one 00-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or 40 cents for 3 pounds. Some may be able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Miehigan Stmt, CHICAGO, ILL. all went into winter quarters heavy iu stores. I am wintering them on the sum- mer stands, the hives covered with short boards sawed two feet for the purpose. I keep the snow heapt up around the hives, leaving the entrances open. This has been my method, and it has workt well so far; so when a thing works well, that will do. I am an old soldier, and must engage in some light out-door work. I have handled bees all my life. I have come up all the way from the hollow log hive to the im- proved hives of to day, but I never thought of getting right down to business till with- in the last two or three years. I am horti- culturally built, and also love to handle bees. I read Langstroth's book 30 years ago. but never until I saw the honey exhib- its at the World's Pair did I get so inter- ested in bee-culture as I have been since. I was there during the entire Fair, in charge of our horticultural exhibit. I am not afraid the bees will do me or my fruit-trees any damage. S. W. Maxey. Kittitas Co., Wash., Dec. 26. Deep Snow and Windy. I have three out-apiaries. I've had bees for seven seasons, the last being the best yet. My average from 143 colonies was 34 pounds per colony. I keep all my bees in dovetail chaff hives, except 26 that are in Bristol hives. I rear leather-colored queens, which are the best that I have tried, and I have tested quite a number. It has been snowing the past 48 hours; the snow is two feet deep on the level, and the wind is blowing hard, filling the roads with snow. Thad. H. Keelek. Westchester Co , N. Y., Dec. 24. Report for 1896. I began in the spring with 14 colonies — blacks and hybrids. I had 6 swarms, and 300 pounds of basswood comb honey. There was white clover, also many wild flowers, but no nectar in them. Basswood trees were very full of bloom from the 1st to the 20th of June, but bees could work on it only one week, because it was too damp and chilly most of the time. Basswood is the principal lependence here, but alas! the woodman's ax is ruthlessly roljbing us of this best of all honey-plant's. I have been a subscriber only 1^ j years, but I have learned to like the Bee Journal and the editor more and more. Long may they live to cheer the hearts of the bee-keeping fraternity, and battle for the right. Platte Co., Mo. R.T.Rose. "Honey Exchange" Suggestions. I was considerably interested in the re- port of the Chicago convention. I am not a member of any organization, nor do I know that I shall connect myself with one. But it seems to me that the reason our bee- keepers failed to get returns for the honey shipt to the commission men, was not on account of a lack of organization on their part, but because they failed to use com- mon sense in business, and /,;io«> their men before making a consignment, either by letters of inquiry, or of reference. A man who will ship a carload of honey to an un- known firm, except through his advertise- ment in a paper or a richly worded and attractive circular through the mail, cer- tainly comes short in his make up. or. to express it in a more charitable and broth- erly way, he is anticipating a hundred years hence, when in the Millennial Reign of Christ we are told that •• the fir^/i shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea." — Heb. 2; 14. A suggestion: It would seem to me that the most effective form of organization would be to have a common center, or '■ Honey-Exchange,'' if you prefer to name it such, in a central city, like Chicago. At that honey-exchange have a thorough busi- ness man, who is already associated with bee-keepers, located on a salary. His du- 60 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 28 ties shall be to keep posted through corre- spondence with bee-keepers — members of the Association in particular— in all parts of the country: 1st. the exact condition of the honey market in their particular local- ity ; 2nd. the outlook of the incoming honey crop, especially as to its probability of congesting the local market, and here the exchange man can prove his ability, in such suggestions to shippers as will enable those living close to a congested market to ship to a locality where the yield is not so heavy that season ; iird. by knowing how much honey each member has. or would have, for shipment, and with a knowledge of the consumption of each market annu- ally, it would be more easy to get a uni- form figure for the year's product, by judicious shipments; and. 4th, lieing in close touch with every large producer, and with producers living in every city, a knowledge of the commission men could soon be gained, that would lessen the losses through dishonesty. These suggestions will bear enlarging, and, in fact, new ones may very profitably be added. John Wii.cock. Philadelphia Co., Pa. Report for 1896. In the fall of 189.5 I had 46 colonies in chaff hives, and wintered 39, but two were tjueenless. I increast to 60 colonies, artifi- cially, and took 1,S00 pounds of extracted honey— 600 from clover, 1,100 from bass- wood, and 100 pounds from fruit-bloom. I fed 100 pounds of sugar for winter stores. How is that for Buffalo ? Wm. H. McKinlet. Erie Co., Pa., Jan. 9. Not an Entire Failure. I started in the spring of 1896 with four colonies of Italian bees, had one natural swarm, and 137 pounds of comb honey. We think it first-class, being from alfalfa and spider-plant, with a few wild flowers. My bees are iu fair condition, wintering on the summer stands. I have been reading the Bee Journal for 1.5 months, and would not attempt to keep bees without it. P. R. Hobble. Southwest Kansas. Jan. 11. Fair Season in 1896. The honey season of last year was very fair in this vicinity. From four strong col- onies, spring count, increasing to 10, I took off over 700 pounds of surplus honey, 3.J of which was No. 1 clover honey, the re- mainder first quality amber. From one young prime swarm I took 4 supers of 32 sections each, all prime honey, perfectly sealed, with the exception of one super in which there were 10 sections imperfectly sealed. I put the bees into the cellar Nov. 6 in good condition. My bees are blacks— equally as good for their fighting qualities as their honey-gathering. L. J. Peck. Anoka Co.. Minn., Jan. 11. A Case of Swarming. I practice dipping queens' wings in the spring, ami did so last spring. When breeding was well started I found one hive that contained nothing but drone-brood, even in worker-comb. The queen was prob- ably a very fine one. but probably reared late in the fall before, and not mated. May 1.5 1 hived a swarm on old combs, and placed it on the stand where the hive from which it came stood. June 23 a swarm came from it and returned, as I was away, and the old queen, being dipt, was |)rob- ably lost, for on July 4 a swarm came from the same hive, and after pulling off the head of the drone-laying queen, I hived them in her hive, and all seemed well pleased. But what surprised me was to have a swnrm come from the hive these bees came from, the three succeeding days, making tour swarms from the same fffi This little picture will come JK ^fj^ home with telling force to many tAl ^k a tired and overworked farmer's ^{ ?4jJ wife, who haa often felt that she |5*. is could not Ion a:er stand the strain Jl ifjj and who finally succumbed to j|jtf f,^ disease. Poorwomanl Doyou%V» }£» not know that there is within ^VJI 'H yi FEMALE COMPLAINTS BRIGHTS DISEASE URINARY TROUBLES GENERAL DEBILITY AND MALARIA ^ 'A ^ij and all diseases caused by dis-Jfi '^if> ordered Kidneys and Liver. It isj^'i f^-t: s. nurelv vetretable comnoiinfl^i!* purely vegetable compound, ffjfi which has cured thousands and A2I '^'i'l cure you. It's name is w ' &«* smaller one at your nearest store I, ^ Veil, O 1>II. <»'VEI,I>OWZO:^KS Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. Mention ihc American Bee Townic;,- Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5fc lOtb 251b SOB) AlslkeClover $.70 »1.25 13.00 J 5.75 Sweet Clover 65 1.20 2.75 5.00 WhlteCIover 1.25 3.00 4.50 8.00 Alfalfa Clover 65 1.10 2.70 5.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, tor cartage, if wanted by freight. Vour orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. H ATCH^Cliickens °I steaJUz EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Perfrrt, Self- It egu I at- irig. Thuusiiii.!.'* io BUOceKsrul o|ieraliiin. l^uweHt priced flrst-eluMM Hatcher mudc. GEO. II. NTAIII.. tl4tolgg8. 6thHt. QuIncy.Ilh 44 A26t Mention the American BeeJoumai Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE espociully. All dther Supplica accorillngly. Send lor Catalog iiuci Price-List. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Bo.« 1H7, SiiKiiiivcAN, Wis. Mention Oie American Dee Journal. hive, four days in succession, and I put them all, with the bees, with the drone-lay- ing qneen, and they all seemed satisfied and did good business in gathering honey. I have had something to do with bees for nearly, or quite, 70 years, but never knew a case Mke this in all my experience. The last was a fine honey season here, and honey of excellent quality. Rutland Co., Vt. E. L. Holden. Thinks Weevil Injure White Clover. I see a good deal in the Bee Journal about bees not working on "white clover. I think the reason is they cannot get the honey. It is there all the same. We find in almost every blossom a weevil which prevents the bees getting the honey. Be- fore the weevil began to bother we got 3 to 5 bushels of seed per acre ; now we get but i.j to 2 bushels per acre. Sol Harpst. Mercer Co., Pa. Good Results in a City. EiiiTOR York:— I am glad to hear that the next national convention is to be held in Buffalo this year. I would like to have you call upon me when you come, and see my bees. They did very well last year. 1 started with 16 colonies and increast to 20. I extracted about 1..S00 pounds, and took about 100 of comb honey. I think a crop like that is pretty good for being in the heart of a city like Buffalo. I winter my bees on the summer stands, with outside cases, which are packt with straw and one thickness of burlap over the frames, with chaff cushions on top. I have lost but two colonies in three years win- tered in the same way. The bees had a good flight on New Year's day. and seemed to be in fine condition. I think the Bee Journal is just what every bee-keeper ought to have, if keeping but 1 or 100 colonies. M. M. Rickard. Erie Co., N. Y., Jan. 11. [Thank you, Mr. Rickard, for your kind invitation. If we have time, and all being well, we should be very much pleased to visit you during the next convention. — EliITOR.l An Experience with Bees. A little more than 25 years ago (the last year of my living in New York before I moved to this State) I bought a colony of bees in a boxhive, and the experience I had that season, with that colony and one that came from it, is all I ever had until last spring, when, very much against my incli- nation at the time, I was obliged to take three colonies of bees — two good ones and one poor one— on a debt. I bad never seen a frame of comb and bees taken from a hive, and didn't know one cell from another. But I thought I would make the best of my purchase, and try to get my money out of it. 1 found my old book— •• Quinby on the Honey-Bee"— that I bought when I had the colony 25 years ago. which had been en- tirely useless all these years — and went to studying it. Then I subscribed for the American Bee Journal, which I also took 25 years ago, and to it I owe much of my success, for in every number 1 find some- thing I need to know. When I had occa- sion to write to our good editor, I .sent him the names of all the bee-men that 1 thought did not take our paper. All through the summer, and at the present time, let me work ever so hard on my farm, when Thursday night comes, and the Bee Journal with it — one as regular as the other — I never make a practice of retiring until I have finisht the paper. Last fall I got •• A B C of Bee-Culture," aud I was never before so interested in any business in my life. I had been in a very monotonous routine of farm work, for nearly 25 years, and this novel employment opened up to me a new department in the old world around me, that I had hardly ever noticed before, and I was delighted. I also found, iu reading the Bee Journal, i6y'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 61 that I had entered a brotherhood, all allied in sympathies and interests, not so great in numbers as in extent of habitation, and all kindly disposed toward one another; and it strikes me that is an outgrowth of the busi- ness, that men who are engaged in investi- gating the works of the Creator, and work along with Him, become kindly disposed, and more and more in line with Him. About the right time I got in correspon- dence with a good supply dealer, who furnisht me with the necessary supplies, all of one pattern, S-frame dovetailed hives. My old hives were of different shapes and sizes, were quite old and poor, and the combs very black. In the course of the season I got the bees all out of the old hives and piled them up by the woodpile. I transferred the bees all into the new hives, with new brood foundation. So now. in- stead of what I started with, in the spring, [ have 10 good colonies, all on new combs, and in new hives, all of the same make, all painted white, and standing in a straight row, under the south side of a row ot large locust trees, a few yards south of my house. I also got about 4lG pounds of extracted honey, and S.") pounds in sections, besides quite a number of sections partly filled. The man of whom 1 got the bees helpt me with his aiivice. and started me out, Init nearly all the work was done by my own inexperienced hands, assisted, at times, by members of my family. Pretty late in the fall I examined all the hives, and estimated that the lightest had about 22 pounds of honey, and the heaviest about 32. I put a Hill's device on top of the frames, then a piece of burlap, then an empty half story, and filled it with dry leaves, wintering on the summer stands; the hives are IS or 20 inches apart. A little later on I took corn-fodder and laid it down straight on the ground against the north side of the row ot hives, packing it down close, and piling it up as high as the tops of the hives. Then I took some more, and stood it on end, letting it lean against the other, and over the tops of the hives, hav- ing something the form of a shed over then I. Then, going to the south side of the row, I packt the spaces between the hives with old hay. and partly covered the hay with stove wood, that it might not get out of place. I think I have a good location. It is on the second bottom ot the Big Blue river, near the base of the south side of a high bluff. My lees did nothing the forepart of the season— Ihad to feed to keep them from starving. Some who did not feed lost their bees. The surplus was stored between the the middle of August and about Sept. 30 or 2.5. C. G. Beach. Marshall Co., Kans., Jan. ti. Bees Wintering Well. I increast my bees from 31 to 41 colo- nies, and lost 3. I got about COO pounds of comb honey and 200 of extracted — half white clover and half vine maple. I had a colony of Italians that swarmed May 26, and the new swarm swarmed June 2(i. and gave me S4 pounds of comb honey. Bees are doing well so far. M. A. Bkadford. Multnomah Co., Oreg., Jan. 0. Bee-Keeping in Manitoba. No doubt many readers of the Bee Jour- nal consider Manitoba to be in the Artie regions, and therefore no place fit to keep bees. To such I may say that 1 have kept them here for 10 years, and 1 find it a much better place for them than (JId England, where 1 kept bees tor 20 years, and had to feed some colonies each year or lose them. I have not had to teed one pound of syrup in Manitoba. The season of 1S9G was the poorest yet experienced here. Golden-rod failed to yield anj* surplus honey for the first time; and that and wild mint are the chief honey- flowers at present, there being no clover here yet except what I grow myself, which is only about one acre. We have no bass- wood. The honey is almost all from wild ri^i! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello'w Bees'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st. , CHICAGO. ILL. •U^l'•''|)0MDER■i(^i)•■ SEE THAT WINK ! Ree - SnppIIeo! KoOT's Goods at Hoot's Prices. Ponder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. iree. Walter S Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana, •VHef, ANSWEWING MIS ADVERTlBEMEhT. MENTION THIS JOURNW- »^ IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., tor his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Casea. Comb Foundation, and Everyililng used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address \-n- of every Bee- Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. Men^Ximx the American Bee Jovjmal, Our '97 Cataloff — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Ete. Is yours tor the asking. It is lull ot information. ■ Write for It. I. J. STRINGIIAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. Mention the ^itaerican Bee journal, ONE MAN WITH THE UNION '^''-i-w*"'^'- Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting. Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Lineot Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sold on Trial, CaUloeue Free. SE>ErA FAI.I.S MFG. CO., 40 Water St SENECA FALLS. N, Y. 1 Aly Mentw.. the Amerim-n Bee Journal, \A/ORTH $10 IIN GOLD. Of'r r"i'!'ni Annual oi"l Bool: of \alu- a/,le A-.. /,.,,. lor '97, tiuel.v printed in Ci.li.rs. Eiving cms, descniituins anil t prices of -15 of the leading vanetiesil fiiucv Fowls, with imporuinl hints on Ihe i~'i.e of poul'.rv, and hundreds oi I e.iiic* of sreat value. Over a Itwo prem- iums won at the leadiiiE shows. /J-J"* R,il4c.: amber colored and candied, 'i^^c ; dark tule. 29tc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-25c. Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 20.— Fancy white comb. 14c.; No. 1 white. 13ai4c.; fancy amber. 12-13c.; Ne. 1 amber. 11-12C.; fancy dark. lO-llc; No. 1. 8-9c. Extracted, white. 6-6HC.; amber, 5 5Hc.; dark, 4-4Hc. Bees- wax, 2oc. St. I^onis, Mo. .Dec. 30.— Fancy white, I4c. ; No. 1 white, 12®13c.: fancy amber, U@12c.: No. I amber. 10@10^ic.; fancy dark, 9@9!4c.; No. 1 dark, 7@8c. Extracted, white, in cans, 6@7c.: In barrels, 3®.t!4c.; amber, 4>4@4Sic.; dark, 3K@4c. Beeswax. 26V4@27c. Baker stock of exiraoted honey, 4@.5c ; stock very scarce. Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand. Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 31. — Fancy white, ll®12o.; No. 1 white, lOailc; fancy amber. 9@lOc.; No, 1 amber, 8@9o.; fancy dark. 7®8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, while. 6®7c. ; amber. .5®.5^c. : dark. 4®5c. Utah white extracted, oao^c. Beeswax. 23® 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Detroit, Mich., Jan. 9.— Fancy white, 13- 14c; No. 1, 12-13C.; fancy amber, ll-12c.: No. 1 amber. 10-Hc. ; fancy dark, 9-lOc. ; No. 1. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 3^-6c.; amber. 3c. ; dark. 4-4!4c. Beeswax. 2o-26c. Buffalo, Hf. Y , Jan. 22.— Fancy comb. 1- pound.is selling fairly well at mostly lOc; occasionally lie. ; No. 1, 8-9c.; occasionally 10. Other grades, 8-4c.. according to color and general condition. Extracted, 4-5c. Sales of any grade cannot be made fast unless prices are cut in accordance. List of Huney and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Ctaicago, tils. R. A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiLDRXTH Bros. & Seoelkbn, Kansas City. Mo. C. C. CI.BMOM8 & Co.. 423 Walnut 8t Bnaalo, N. Y. BATTER80N & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CBA8. DADANT & SON. Pbiladelphla, Pa. Wm. A. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Oblo. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Louts, I*Io. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapolis, ininn. S. H. Hall & Co. inilivaukee. Wis. A. V. Bishop & Co. Boston, Mass. E. E. Blike & Co., 37 Chatham Street. Detroit, Itllcb. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y, Chas. McCulloch &. Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. r. Mctb & Son. cor. Freeman & Central art. <{ueeii§> antl er!<'' IScviow for 1.807 (and throw in the December, IS'.ilJ, number, which is especially good) and the .OOcent book, "Advanced Bee-Culture," or, in place of the book, 12 back numbers of the Review. For ?fl..5() 1 will send the Review' and a fine, tested, Italian queen — the queen to be sent early in the season of IH'.)". For .•:2..")(i, the K«'Vie-»v and 1.000 No. 1 first-class one-piece sections. But, remember, these offers are only to those who are not now subscribers to the Re- view, and as a special inducement for them to try the Review at least one ^*"' W. Z. IIUT€III\SOIV, FLINT, MICH. BEESWAX WANTED FOR -- Foundation Making. ^ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION, ADVICE TO BEGINNERS, Etc. Address, CHAS. DADANT & SON, When answering this advertisement, mention this journac HMMII^TOH, 11.1^. Ask Your Friends to Take This Journal. PATEIT WIBED COHB FODVDITIOS Has INo Sag In Brood-Franio Thin Flat-Kottom Foundatiou Has So Fishbone io tbe HiarplDS Honey. BelDR tbe cleanest is asaally workec tbe qalckest of any Foandatlon made J. VAN DEITSEN &: SONS, Sole Mannfactarera, Sprout Brook MontKOmery Co., N. T. Dlllfll'^ HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lllUl !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc., etc. Send tor our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. in stamps. Apply to— Chas. T. Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee JoumaL Cut Prices to Move Stock ! ! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to offer these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock Is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at oncb, or you may be to late : V-Top Langstroth Frames, 75c per 100 ; 250 for $1.25 ; 500 for $2. AU-Wood Frames, pierced for wire, same price while they last. 50 Comb Honey Racks, to hold sections ou the hive, flat, $1.00 for the lot. No. 3 VanDeusen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn., in 25-lb. boxes, $10.50 a box. Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, $1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, .$1.) Hill Feeders, quart size, 8c each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, 40e each ; by mail, GOc. Quinby Smokers at oOc, TOc, and $1.00 each— 20c extra by mail. Jones' Frame- Pliers, 10c each ; by mail, 10c extra (old price, 25c and postage.) 1896 Dovetailed Hives at Special Prices. Desiring to make room for new goods, we offer from stock at this branch. No. 1 Dovetailed hives, S-frame complete, with sections, foundation starters, and nails, at f.5.75 for 5; $10.50 for 10; $20.00 for UO: No. IE, same without sections and starters, .?4. 75 for .'5; $8.50 for 10; $10.00 for20; lOframe complete, 20 cts. each extra; lO-trame E, 15 cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. li wanted by I'reislil, inlrt a.'ic lor cartage on orders lor less tiian #5 THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Geo. W. York, Manager. 118 Midiigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. rc^^^^' °j^^^ IN AMERIC^^^ CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 4, 1897. No. 5. 37th Year. Getting Queens Fertilized at the Least Cost. BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON. The greatest expense attending the rearing of queens is in getting them fertilized. I think it safe to say that virgin queens could be reared for 10 cents each. Asa rule, a colony will build a iTozen queen-cells at one batch — they will, if right- ly managed, and the queens will be good ones, too. The colo- ny will not be more than 10 days in doing it. A good colony can certainly average a dollar a week building queen-cells. Of course, a colony cannot go on week after week all summer long building queen-cells, but it can build at least three good batches, and then it can be dropt from the list and another taken. In time, this colony can be used for cell-building again. It could be used right along by giving it plenty of young bees or brood, but it is exactly as well to give it a queen and let it rear itself some more brood, and turn some other colony to the work of cell-building. By employing proper methods to get the cells built, and taking them away when sealed over and the queens have commenced to "color," and hatching them out in a lamp-nursery, there is no trouble in rearing virgin queens at 10 cents each. I would like no better job than that of rearing virgin queens at that price. It will be readily seen that the cost in queen-rearing comes in getting them fertilized and holding them until needed if it should happen, as it frequently does, that there is not an im- mediate demand as soon as they begin laying. In queen-rear- ing it is the usual plan to employ the same frames as are in use in the apiary. This is an advantage in many ways. The same kind and size of hives may be used, aud when the season is over there is great convenience in uniting the nuclei. If the nuclei gather much honey, it is easy to extract it if it is in the regu- lar-size combs. All these are advantages that cannot be de- nied, but the great amount of bees that are used to stock one nuclei makes the cost of getting queens fertilized come pretty high. Little combs 4 or 5 inches square have been tried, using them in little boxes of the right size, and they work all right, except that such small colonies are quite likely to swarm out, and follow the queen when she takes her wedding-flight. More likely, still, are they to swarm out after the queen has filled the combs with eggs and there is nb more room for her to lay. The latter difficulty is easily remedied by placing a piece of queen-excluding zinc over the entrance after the queen begins to lay. I have used with the best of resuts, the ordinary 4!iix4Ji- xlj^ section-boxes for fra'mes, and theold-style, Heddon super for a hive. I save the unfinisht sections that are left at the end of the fall season. These are about half drawn out and partly filled with honey. I use the regular bottom-board of a hive that has a rim of a bee-space height around three of its sides, putting another strip at the end where the entrance us- ually is. This makes a rim all around it. Strips are then put crosswise at such points that they will meet the partitions in the case. Strips are also nailed to the upper edges of these partitions, bringing them up flush with the top of the case. A movable partition is also put in the center of each apartment, thus dividing it into two, and making eight little hives in each case. Pieces are nailed to the upper part of the bottom-board to meet these division-boards and make each little hive bee- tight. A little board cover is also made for each little hive, and then a regular hive-cover laid over all to keep out the rain, and to prevent these little covers of thin boards from warping. These extra covers are needed, because if all eight of the nuclei were opened at the same time the bees would be crawling back and forth ; and if one were queenless the bees would be coming over into the nuclei that had a queen. Queens might also, possibly, go from one nucleus to another and thus be destroyed. A separate cover for each prevents all this. Entrancas are made by cutting out a portion of the rim around the edge of the bottom-board ; about an inch is cut out for each entrance, aud each is furnisht with a slide of bee- zinc that can be put in place when the queen has been fertil- lized. In fact, this slide is kept in place most of the time, It being removed only when there is a queen of the right age to fly. These guards are a great barrier to the entrance of rob- bers. It seems to be almost impossible to have one of these hives robbed when these guards are in place, I put two en- trances on each side and as far apart as possible, and the num- ber of queens lost is very few. To stock these little hives, three sections of combs are put into each apartment. This brings the bees all in a close, com- pact cluster. A caged laying queen is then put into each apartment, and the case, without the bottom-board, is set over a strong queenless colony. Every bee-keeper knows how the bees will crowd into those sections and gather about the queens. I then carry away the case and set it on the bottom- board. Do this just at night when the bees are about done flying. As soon as it is too dark for the bees to fly, release the queens. There is no trouble about their being accepted. X never lose one in this way. By the next morning the queen has begun to lay, and the majority of the bees will adhere to that location. Queenless bees are usually ready to give up their location for a new one where there is a queen. When larvae begin to appear in the combs it is safe to take away the queen and to use the nuclei the same in all respects as is the case with ordinary nuclei that are larger. Laying queens in- stead of virgins are used to start the nuclei, as the bees are so much more inclined to stay with a laying queen than with a virgin. These little nuclei are so easy to manipulate. It is seldom necessary to use smoke ; they seldom kill a queen even if she is a virgin, and queens can be found so quickly and so easily. If there is a dearth of orders for one or two weeks, or longer, as sometimes happens, there are not a pound or two bees aud two or three frames of brood and honey standing idle, caring for one queen. To unite in the fall, simply take off the covers and remove the bottom-boards, and stack up the cases* four or five high, and when they are all nicely united, shake them off upon combs of honey and give them a queen. As a rule, however, such bees as these — those that have been used in nuclei all summer — are of little value as "winterers." I have wintered them, however, but they seldom come through in very good condition. I sometimes think that Henry Alley's plan of shak- ing them off on the ground and destroying them is about as good as any. It depends somewhat upon how they have been 66 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fei. 4, managed. If there has been considerable brood reared all sumaier and toward the end of the season, the bees may win- ter pretty well, but the uniting must be done early, and it often happens that there is more profit in keeping the nuclei running than there is in uniting them early. Genesee Co., Mich. Feeding to Rear Bees for the Harvest. BY A. F. BROWN. This is a subject very few really seem to understand as it should be, or deserves to be, understood. On several occasions I have fed on a large scale for the production of brood to give me a fall ivorklng force of flcld- bees at the opening of some given honey-fiow--not 10 or a dozen colonies, but upwards of 200, at seven or eight differ- ent times, and from this experience I find 7 to 8 weeljs to be nearer right than 5 or 6 weeks, as usually given ; and, further, if your flow is of short duration — lO days or two weeks — it pays to cage the queens about a week or 10 days before the flow opens, as the eggs laid from then on produce brood at an expense, providing one has no need of increase in number of colonies. We will suppose your flow comes July 1. The eggs laid that produce the actual bees to harvest the bulk of this crop are those laid between May 1 and June 5 or 10. Nine-tenths of the bees produced after this date are at the expense of the crop or net returns from the colony. Colonies averaging two quarts of bees and the equivalent of two frames of brood on the first of May, if fed daily for four weeks, will give colonies that will produce twice the amount of surplus honey that the same size and strength colony would, if we had waited until two weeks later to commence to feed them. I erred in thinking six weeks was ample, but experience now tells me eight are far better, and the first four are the most valuable. Queens laying an average of 200 or 300 eggs per day with nurse-bees iu the hive to only care for that amount do not jump up to 1,000 or 1,500 per day on a day's notice — it usually means a week or 10 days, with a good force of " nurse," and much longer if the nurses have to be reared. Three quarts of field-bees of the right age at the opening of the flow are worth a peck of little, young, downy chaps that are just hatcht out, and come on as workers about the close of the flow. My experience says, it takes 40 pounds of honey, at the least, to produce a good, average swarm, of say 10 pounds; and one's success or failure in honey-production de- pends greatly on the one fact of expending this 40 pounds of honey at the right time. Nature often regulates it very nicely ; still, there are many places and seasons when, if we depended on Nature, the expenditure of this honey, and labor involved, would be at a time wo would derive very little re- turns from the investment. The old axiom — " Keep your colonies strong" — would be more profitable to those living in a location where there is but one short flow — if it read, "Get your colonies strong in ample season to take advantage of the flow," and not to be consum- ing all their energy and honey that comes from that flow in producing " bees" for strong colonies after the flow has past. It might not be amiss here to say that when feeding for stimulating brood-rearing, I feed from 4 to 8 ounces per day, each day, according to the strength of the colony ; and I give this just at dusk — good honey diluted with an equal amount of water or syrup made of granulated sugar, 10 to 12 pounds of sugar to the gallon of water, and three pints of honey to this amount, as a flavor, and to induce the bees to take it more readily. I prefer to feed right over the cluster /com above, but un- der no consideration to keep breaking the sealings of the cover joints if the weather is at all cool. If your colonies are in two-story hives, place the " set of combs " that the bees use as a brood-nest, at the top, until you are ready for the harvest, then put the surplus arrangement above. Combs below the brood-nest are protected from the moths fully as well, if not better, than those above. Volusia Co., Fla. Experiences and Conclusions of the Past Year. nv KnwiN BKVINS. On my return home from a visit to Omaha, In the second week of September, 1 found myself confronted by a condition instead of a theory. The condition was something like this : Along about the middle of August I took most of the supers from the hives workt for comb honey, leaving on only those having a good many unfinisht sections. Honey was not com- ing freely then, and I was not looking for any fall honey, as I had never had any since I began to keep bees. In the closing days of August I noticed that smartweed was getting quite abundant, and that the bees were working on it to some ex- tent, but I did not expect much from this source. When I got home from Nebraska the weather was a little rainy, but I went out to see the bees. Some of the colonies had increast so much that not all of the bees could find room in the hives. Some of the bees were piled upon the alighting- board at the entrance, so wet that they could not crawl, and some had found shelter on the underside of the shade-boards, which I use to lean against the hives to protect them from the afternoon sun. Almost every hive in the yard was full of bees, brood, and honey, and some, as I have stated, were more than full. One colony, which had done a whole lot of work in the sections without swarming, swarmed while I was away, and the swarm struck out for the woods. When I lookt around among those little 8-frame hives overflowing with bees, I began to wish that more swarms had gone to the woods. Here I was, with thousands and thousands of hands to " hoe potatoes in October," and a strong probability that I should have thousands and thousands of hands to " hoe potatoes in March," and a further probability that about that time, or a little later, provisions will be exhausted. Just DOW I am contemplating with a good deal of satis- faction my big hives with 10 Quinby frames, and also my 8 and 10 frame hives with frames 11 inches deep. When I take hold to lift one of these, I feel satisfied that the bees will not gnaw into the top-bars before next June. But what of those great colonies of bees in the little hives ? The hives are heavy with honey now, but the space between the top-bars and the bottom-bars is only 8 inches. Ugh ! After all, I guess that I shall have to abate something of my hostility to these little hives. If one wants to get a big lot of comb honey, and is able and willing to do lots of work, there is, perhaps, none better for most localities. But the job of feeding that it seems likely that I will have to do, I am not contemplating with any great degree of satisfaction. SOME "conclusions" OF THE SEASON. Another season of work in the apiary is done, and the work done during the season just past has enabled me to ar- rive at some conclusions. 1st. I conclude that Dr. Miller's objection to the Hoffman frame on account of unequal spacing is more formidable in theory than it is in practice. 2Dd. I conclude that I want no hives with beveled or rab- beted edges. Sometimes one wants to use the chisel or screw driver with considerable force, and then one does not want to waste time in beiug careful. 3rd. I concluded that I want metal rabbets in all hives, except, perhaps, the big hives used for extracted honey. The sliding motion which these rabbets permits is of too much ad- vantage to be dispenst with in the handling of frames. 4th. I concluded that I will never try to produce any more cimb honey without the use of separators. Perhaps Mr. Abbott can get good work done in the sections without their use, but I can't. I tried this season in a small way, and was made to wish that I had tried it in a great deal smaller way. Mr. Abbott owes me some money for several sections that I was compelled to eat because I could not crate them. You see, I tried to get along without separators because he said he could. Without separators the sides of the sections would be built either convex or concave almost invariably, but occasionally a section would be bulged on both sides so that it would contain a pound and a half, or so, of honey, while the sections adjoin- ing would bo correspondingly light. While most of the sec- tions could be put into the shipping-cases without much trouble, it would require a very careful hand to take them out without spoiling a good many. t>. I half concluded that I want no more sections with openings on all four sides, but will let another season's trial settle that question. SLOTTED SEPARATORS-;-" GOLDEN BEAITTIKS." I sometimes read and hear about slotted separators. Will somebody rise and explain why the ordinary separators are not made with holes in them ? I want space here to make Mr. Norton an apology. It wd.t a little rough to suggest any -comparison between the golden beauties and a yellow dog. that should seem to be un- favorable to the bees. I take it all back. Mr. Norton's sug- gestion that the golden beauties bear about the same relation to a yellow dog that gold bears to brass, is well put, and 1 am willing to own to its force and correctness. But I wish to say farther. In this connection, that when I wrote the article re- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 67 ferred to by Mr. Norton (page 514 — 1896), I intended to make no comparison between the golden beauties and any other bees I had in the yard, except the colony of 3-banded bees which I got from Texas at the same time. These bees were got at the same time, and were treated alike in every respect. The " goldens," I am certain, did not die because they were queenless. I have lost colonies of ti-banded bees many times, but never any that went into winter quarters under as favorable conditions as those goldens did. The viciousness which Mr. Nortion thinks he sees was not in me, but in the circumstances attending the trial. I had hoped the result would be different. I am aware that a single trial is not worth much to base a judgment on. But the trial, such as it was, points strongly to the conclusion that not all yellow bees will winter as well as the o-banded ones. I believe there are some strains of the goldens that are as good honey-gatherers as any of the 3-banded bees. I believe their are some strains of the goldens that may go through the winter as well as any o-banded bees, but I am satisfied that the colony I had was not of this strain. For Mr. Norton's satisfaction I will say that I never had but one colony of golden beauties. I have heard 'good reports before of the Duvall queens, and am obliged to Mr. Norton for calling at- tention to them. 1 mean to make a thorough test of some of these renowned goldens. doolittle's "old max." Did the readers of the American Bee Journal take note of the antics of Doolittle's old man along in the latter part of last summer and the beginning of autumn? The first I no- ticed he was standing on his head. Next he was lying hori- zontally, and at one time I feared he was lying about Doolit- tle's queens. But then I reflected that Doolittle would not allow him to break any of the commandments, and I was forced to conclude that Doolittle had been sending out some marvelously good queens, even if they were golden beauties. Next spring I mean to send to Doolittle for one of these queens in the hope of getting one like the one that made the record that stood the old man on his bead. Decatur Co., Iowa. Important Questions About Sweet Clover. BY DR. H. BE8SE. 1. How far from the apiary can bees work profitably on sweet clover, when they fly in the direction of a field of it, and have nothing else to work on, and come in loaded ? 2. How much sweet clover seed is considered a good aver- age crop per acre ? 3. How much honey per colony per day would be expected in an apiary of 97 good and strong colonies, when one-half of the colonies are located in a field of l acres of sweet clover iu full bloom, from July 20 until Sept. 20, and the other half of the apiary 2}^ miles from fields of sweet clover in great abun- dance for the bees ? Delaware Co., Ohio. [The foregoing questions were submitted to two sweet clover specialists — Mr. McArthur, of Canada, and Mr. Stolley, of Nebraska — who reply as follows: — Editor.] MR. M'ARTHUR'S answers. 1. Bees will work profitably on sweet clover, or any honey-producing plants, if existing conditions are present for the secretion of nectar, at 2,'.; miles. They will gather more in proportion if only one mile, or less, distant. 2. That depends on how it is grown, whether for hay first and seed afterward. Sweet clover bay is valuable as winter food for stock — the same value as other clover hay, allowing the second crop to mature seed, averaging from .3 to 7 bushels per acre, of clean, hulled seed, if properly handled. 3. If a good season for the secretion of nectar, and an abundance of sweet clover within a radius of 2J.> miles, with strong colonies and plenty of surplus combs for extracting, one pound per day, or about 100 pounds per colony, has been secured from that source in this vicinity. Taking an average of years, 00 pounds per colony would be a good average from sweet clover. John McAkthur. SIR. stolley's answers. 1. I think several miles ; but it should be within, or about, one mile. 2. ffe have never harvested seed on a large scale. The yield is heavy, if you can manage to get the seed. 3. About 50 colonies of bees on 4 acres of sweet clover is more than should be allowed, to get the largest yield, since they need about 100 pounds of honey a day to live on during the working season. In my judgment, 20 colonies would carry more surplus honey from 4 acres than would 50 colonies. This has been the case in our apiary. At the time when 60 to 70 colonies were kept, we had to feed in the fall for winter stores, and hardly any surplus ; but since the number of colo- nies is in proportion to the melilot bloom, the surplus has been year after year from 400 to 500 pounds to the acre, through the season. Richard Stolley. Productiou of Comb Honey vs. Extracted. BY C. DAVENrORT. As I said in my first article on this subject (see page 5), the 40 colonies selected for the experiment were ail in good condition, and they were divided as eqally as possible, with the exception that the 5 colonies in 10-frame hives were all put among the 20 which were run for extracted honey. These 5 hives contained considerable more honey than the others ; this would have been some advantage to the set to which they were assigned, but three of them swarmed, and on ac- count of the way all swarms from both sets were treated, the advantage was but slight. All swarms from both sets were hived in 8-frame hives. No feeding whatever was done before or during the experi- ment, for last season from early spring until the main flow from clover, enough honey was gathered to keep brood-rearing up in good shape. All the sections given to the colonies run for comb honey were filled with full sheets of foundation, and for the set run for extracted, 30 half-depth supers, each containing 7 frames of drawn comb, were used on 10 hives, which gave 3 supers for each one as needed. On the other 10, 20 full-depth upper stories containing drawn combs were used. With those run for comb honey no queen-excluding honey-boards were used ; with the set run for extracted, 10 queen-excluding honey- boards were used — 5 on the ones on which were used half- depth extracting supers, and 5 on the ones with full-depth extracting stories. These excluders were all used so that the queen was confined to the eight frames in the lower story. Altho the experiment with the queen-excluders was, of course, not large enough to prove anything definitely, they certainly seemed to decrease the amount of surplus somewhat, and 5 of the 7 swarms which issued from the set of 20 run for extracted honey were from hives on which excluders were used; but with them the filled supers can be removed much easier in some cases, for when there is no brood in the upper stories they can be readily cleared of bees, in a very short time, with an escape-board, which I have before described ; but with brood in the upper story, even if it is but a very small amount, no bee-escape or escape-board will clear it up of bees, whether the queen is there or not, and most of the 10 colonies on which no excluders were used had some brood in the second story, but I do not think that any of them at any time had more brood in both stories than 8, or, at most, 10 frames would have held if they had all been reasonably full. By using shallow supers containing only 7 frames instead of 8, I hardly expected that the queens would lay in them, on account of their cells being deeper than those iu regular brood-frames, but this did not appear to make any difference. The total yield of the 20 colonies run for extracted honey was 1,960 pounds — an average of 98 pounds to the colony. The 20 colonies run for comb honey, stored 1,380 pounds in standard-size sections, of finisht honey, and 134 pounds in un- finisht sections — an averagee of 69 pounds per colony, of finisht honey. If the extracted had been put in 60-pound cans, the comb honey crated, and both lots shipt to and sold to some large city market at current prices, there would have been (after deducting the cost of thf; crates for the comb hoiiey and the cans for the extracted, also taking iuto consideration the lower freight rate on the latter) a large — for the amount involved — balance in favor of the comb honey, providing both lots ar- rived at their destination without loss or damage, tho I do not know as their chances would have been equal on this, for in all the very large amount of comb honey I have shipt, some of it over 1,000 miles, I have never, so far as known, had a dollar's worth lost or damaged in transit; and this is more than I can say for what little extracted I have shipt. The 134 pounds in the unfinlsht sections would perhaps offset the cost of the sections and foundation used with the comb honey set. As fall flowers did not yield much, considerable feeding bad to be done for winter stores — no record of the amount was 68 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel. 4, kept, but the 20 colonies run for extracted honey required more than any others in the whole yard. I was disappointed in the results of this experiment, as I was in hopes the results would be in favor ef extracted honey, and if instead of a long, steady yield there had been a short profuse one, it might have been. I intend to try it on a larger scale next season, for I believe I see where some mistakes were made the past season. In regard to the amount of work required in the produc- tion of the two kinds of honey, I was disappointed in this also, for it seemed to me there was fully as much, if not more, as well as less agreeable work, necessary with the set run for ex- tracted honey. I was not, however, very well fixt to handle extracted honey last season. But it appears that in this locality their is one serious drawback to the use of shallow extracting- frames : If queen-excluding honey-boards are not used, some of these combs that were in supers, in which some brood was reared, have a large amount of pollen in them, they cannot very economically be used in the brood-chamber, and as their Is a large amount of pollen gathered here in early spring and in early fall, the bees will not use or remove it, if supers con- taining the combs with it in are placed on the hives. Southern Minnesota. Use of Separators vs. Slotted Sections. BY C. V. DADANT. QuES. — " Messrs. Dadant & Son — Is not a closed-top sec- tion, open on bottom only, the best section for me to use, when using wood separators slotted on bottom only, thereby forming 24 compartments which will not allow a direct draft to pass either up or sidewise, making it airtight on the top and sides, which, of course, will be warmer for the bees to draw out the comb foundation ? P.O." Ans. — When the separators are used, it is, of course, as well to use closed top and side sections. Personally, however, we are opposed to separators. The only advantage, that we can see in these implements, is that they compel the bees to build within the inside of the section, and that sections thus built may be transferred from one box, or from one case to an- ther, without any regard to the position they occupied ; so none of them can bulge out and protrude so as to be scratcht or bruised. This is indeed an advantage in shipping or in sel- ling : but is this a sufficient compensation for the loss incurred from the repugnance of the bees to work in so divided a super ? That bees dislike to work in small apartments, where they cannot cluster in large numbers, is an averred fact. Mr. Oli- ver Foster, we believe, was the first to give ns the reason of this. Mr, Foster says, in substance, that bees, in a state of nature, store honey for the winter months, and that it is nec- essary that it should be placed where they may reach it with ease in cold weather. Hence they place it above their brood- nest. Their instinct teaches them that it is not safe for them to have it divided into small apartments, because this compels the cluster to divide when it becomes necessary to consume the stores, and they become much more liable to suffer from cold, or even from hunger, when the outside clusters have consumed what is in their reach. Experiments have con- vinced us that their is a positive loss from compelling the bees to work in such divided receptacles. The use of separators has not been confined to supers alone. They have been used in the body of the hive, and Mr. Colvin, who was Mr. Langstroth's main agent, when the movable-frame hive was first patented, had discovered that the separators secured straight combs of uniform thickness. But the devices proved unavailable in the brood-chamber, for Die Hwnrinx donrtcd, in most cases, so Mr. Langstroth told the writer, nitlicr tlian liuilil ill mirh divldcd-up broiid-clidmbcrs. Is not this sufficient evidence that bees dislilje separators ? There is, however, quite a point in the warmth of the compartments, where separators are used, and for this reason : If we used separators, we would use tight-top and tight-side sections. If we must put up with the nuisance, for a nuisance they are, we must take advantage of what is good in them, and there Is no doubt, when the nights are cool, that bees work better in a warm compartment than in a cool one. They will carefully avoid placing tlieir honey where there is the least draft or escape of air. This is another evidence of the correctness of Mr. Foster's argument, for it is evidently for fear of the winter's cold, that they avoid placing the honey where it might be unavailable. The experience of years among the bees concurs in proving this correct. Our readers are aware that we are specialists in extracted honey production. We use supers with frames of half-depth, and these are placed directly over the brood-chamber, and are covered with an oilcloth and a straw mat; for we have long ago discarded the honey-board. It sometimes happens that the cloth becomes worn, and that the bees gnaw hole'J in it. At the approach of cool weather we invariably notice that at all places where the cloth is missing, where the heat can easily escape through the porous straw mat into the cap, the bees have removed the honey. Is not this plain ? Our advice, therefore would be: Avoid using separators, if possible ; and in that case let your sections make as nearly a complete single apartment as possible ; but, if you must use separators, use closed-top sections, so as to derive, at least, from your separators, all the benefit there is in them. Hancock Co., III. A Canadian Bee-Keeper's Visit to California. Writlru for iind read at the Spring (ISOd) -Meethuj of the Ja>s Anydes Couidy, Calif., Jiee-Keeper^^ Assodatioti. BY F. A. GEMMILL. Many times since my return home from my short but greatly-enjoyed visit to your beautiful country, I have been requested to write an article giving a synopsis of what I saw, of what I appreciated most, and what, above all things, would be the most likely to induce me to forsake my native land, to take up my residence in your much-lauded "glorious climate of California." Now, it appears to me that my duty is to first present you with such an expression, in honor of the favors you conferred upon me, in so generously electing me an honorary member of your important organization, and the kind treatment you ac- corded me while with you, and which quite a number of your members, and many others as well, still continue to bestow upon me, even since my departure from among you. There were many things that I observed whilst sojourn- ing in your midst, some differing greatly from what in my past life I had been accustomed to, but nothing that I could not readily adapt myself to. Therefore any comments on such are not at all necessary, as your people appeared to be good citi- zens, owing, in part, no doubt, to your good schools and good government, but principally to the fact that a goodly number of good Canadians are residents of your good State ; and, last- ly, that some of your best apiarists are, or rather, once were, good, practical Canadian honey-producers ! If this is a trifle hard to assimilate, kindly assist it with a little of your good sage or alfalfa honey, and all will be well. But, jesting aside, I want to tell you that I appreciate your climate above everything else — (except yourselves), as I found it to be the very essence ot what I had long hoped for, but which I scarcely ever expected to enjoy, even for a short time ; but that short period has only created the desire for the continuance of it. It appeared ditJicult for me to realize that in the short space of five days, I could be transported, in mid- winter, frcm an atmosphere ranging at from 15 to 25 degrees below zero, with roads almost impassab!.' from snow-drifts, and trains daily delayed for hours, from the same cause ; and find myself ensconced in the bosom of sunshine and summer, with a temperature averaging from ti5 to 85 degrees in the shade, and to have the privilege of plucking ripe oranges from the trees, (this being considered the iwiiic of many a tender- foot's desire), which were growing like the fruits of our own country in mid-summer. This, to me, was indeed the source of great delight, but not more so than to perceive your great facilities for producing tons of No. 1 honey, with as little labor as in almost any other country in the world. This, too, seemed more like a dream than a reality ; and sensations of a very pleasant character often thrilled me, when I thought that bees could in winter " work for nothing and board themselves" — I never before thought that they could, until I went to Cal- ifornia ; and that, in fact, the bees required no care, from the time the honey crop was harvested until the following season ; while we in Canada and the Northern States had much labor in feeding every fall, and otherwise preparing them for their winter nap, whether wintered in the cellar or out-of-doors, with no opportunity of seeing the insects disporting them- selves for ;_i or 4 months, except, possibly, one or two cleansing flights with those wintered on the summer stands ; they being the balance of the time in such a semi-torpid or hibernating state, almost akin to death itself ; and, if wintered In the cel- lar, and one desired a glimpse of the inmates, he had to visit the repository and be contented with a peep under the hive, to see them clustering underneath the combs; yet for fear I may in the near future feel like censuring myself for saying so much in favor of California, I will, like a discreet individual, just add that wo do sometimes get a good crop of good honey oven in Canada, which I presume is because Canada is 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 69 still a Rood place — for some things — but which au echo from California might answer, "Oh, yes, a very few things at that" I — such as Canadian thistles and freezing weather ! There is yet another thing which particularly interested me — the great facilities for fruit production, especially where Irrigation can be called into requisition, as also the large quan- tities and numerous varieties of your flowers and foliage, to say nothing of your big mountains, big trees, big gold and silver mines, and your big everything else ; including the many big stories we have all so often read and heard about, the latter of course I only mean you accept in a literal sense, as no in- sinuations are intended that they are not true. But I have not the time, no matter how well disposed I may be, to here mention all that should be mentioned. I will leave such for Rambler, whom I had the pleasure of meeting among others; or Mr. Wilder, as depicted in his glowing des- cription of your laud, some time since, and which through his kindness now lies before me. However, before leaviug the descriptive part of my letter, I must not overlook the fact that I also admired the beauty and size of the young la — (Oh, I de- clare, I almost forgot I was a married man); I mean of the old UuUes, all of which no doubt is attributable to your salubrious and health-giving climate, and if my present intentions are carried to completion, I hope at some future time to embrace the opportunity of being benefitted by all, except the latter, as of course I feel tolerably sure I am pretty well supplied in this direction already. Now, then, assuming that your climate was to capture me, I should not want to be idle, for after all too much idleness is not good for any one. Apart from this, however, I fear neith- er my disposition — nor the extent of my money-bag — would permit such a state of aflairs, and as a consequence I should expect to engage in agiculture, which has been a hobby from my youth up, and this I would do as already stated, partly from my love of the pursuit, but principally for the re- muneration that I would naturally expect to accrue from fol- lowing the more modern principles of honey-production. In doing so, I should not want to injure any who are now fol- lowing such a vocation, either by selling honey (if "fortunate enough to secure any) below what the majority consider a rea- sonable paying price, or by trenching on fields already sutBc- ieutly occupied by other apiarists, or naught else besides that is not consistent in a good citizen. I would also favor your honey exchange project, and now regret that I did not give you more encouragement on this subject, when askt ray views at your meeting in March, 1895, respecting it ; this, however, was owing entirely to my not having even thought over, much less studied, the matter from your standpoint, and not from any desire that you should not succeed in securing the end in view; ;is I have had not a little experience in marketing honey, even in our own country, and consequently do know for a fact that such a scheme would be a great benefit to ourselves, and I doubt not that the time is coming when similar action will to be taken if honey-production is to continue a paying busi- ness with us. Now I do not wish it to be understood that I am an advo- cate of advising everyone to go to California, nor indeed for a single person to do so, particularly if they enjoy good health and are succeeding tolerably well where they are. "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush," and this motto holds as good in this case as in any other of importance, as people who are continually moving from oue locality to another with no good prospects in view of bettering their condition, either mor- ally, physically, financially or otherwise, are of no benefit to themselves or the country in which they reside ; and, let me add, you have a few such even in your State, as unfortunately in every place else, and this among many other things of minor importance was observed by your humble servant. (On this particular point. I could not but agree in toto with Rambler, Mr. Brodbeck, Dr. Gallup, Prof. Cook, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Mc- Intyre, and many others, in their articles which have from time to time appeared in the different bee-periodicals, all of which endorse my opinions to a nicety.) Especially was this true in regard to the advice which Mr. Martin informed me he had given a friend who thought of leaving his native State, who at the time was and still is doing well, and enjoying good health where he is ; " Let well enough alone," was, in his opin- ion, a good motto, and I need only add that in my humble opin- ion, it was the " wholesomest kind of wholesome advice." In concluding, I particularly desire to express the hope that none of those who may have either the opportunity of hearing or seeing this article, may for one moment cherish the thought that it has been written from any selfish or hidden motive; it so, I request that such be not entertained, as my Brst, last, and only object in penning it, is to place matters in the real light as I found them, coupled with the assistance and experience gleaned from others. Long live the Republic, and long live the bee-keepers ; yet longer live your big honey crops, is the wish of one who may never realize it, but who nevertheless hopes that others may continue to reap from this time henceforward. Stratford, Ont., Canada. Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Couveu- tioa, Held at ToroHto, Dec. 8—10, 1896. Taken PriucipaU/j from thr Fiintierx^ Advovate. The 17th annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' As- sociation was held at Toronto, Dec. 8, 9 and 10, with a good average attendance from all over the Province. Great inter- est was shown in the questions askt, but all were not agreed as to how they were to be answered. A number of samples of honey-vinegar were shown by some of those in attendance. Soon after the meeting started, Hon. Sydney Fisher, Do- minion Minister of Agriculture, came in, and was introduced to those present. In speaking on the importance of bee-keep- ing, he said that the highest form of agriculture is to utilize bul- ky products and send them out in as condenst a form as possi- ble. This bee-keeping did. He was not an authority on bees, and so would wait for the Association to make suggestions, which he would duly consider. Bi'-Laws — The report of the committee on by-laws, which recommended several changes, chiefly for the purpose of bring- ing the by-laws into harmony with the new Agricultural and Arts Bill, was past, with the exception of the clause which proposed sending lecturers into districts where noaEBliated so- cieties exist, the parent society to bear the expense. A vote of condolence to the widow and family of the late Allen Pringle was also past. Sui'ER IN Two Parts. — Mr. Pettit asked If it were advis- able and profitable to have supers made in two parts. Mr. Gemmill thought it better to put on part of the super at first, as bees till one side first ; then turn the super around. Mr. Pettit's method was to have strong colonies when the honey- flow was on hand. If he had two weak colonies he united them. He raises the front of the hive one inch higher than usual with wedges. If bees have ventilation it checks the swarming impulse. He found that by using this method the bees filled the outside of the supers as well as the center. Mr. McEvoy. in reference to this, said that it was to the interests of beekeeping to fill sections full with foundation in place of using a starter. DroneEgg.s — The questions were asked, "Why do old queens lay more drone-eggs than young queens ? and do queens ever lay worker-eggs in drone-cells ?'' Mr. Gemmill said that if we hive bees on starters an old queen will lay drone-eggs. A young queen lays few drone-eggs. Mr. McEvoy would do away with the queen after she is two years old, and some of the members agreed with him. but others disapproved of the practice. Mr. Mclvnight's theory as to the reason why an old queen lays so many drone-eggs is as follows :' The queen has ovaries, in which the eggs lie, one on each side of the body, with Fallopian tubes connecting with the sac in which the male's seed is deposited. When the egg comes down the tube the queen-bee can control its passage. ; To get worker- eggs the embryo egg has to pass into the sac, and is impregna- ted with the male principle, while to get drone-egg is past out without going into the sac. Every egg impregnated with the male principle weakens the queen. The queen deposits drone- eggs in worker-cells through her desire to get workers, but owing to her age the eggs are not fertilized. The President's Address dwelt on the possibilities of bee-keeping and the adaptability of Ontario for its prosecu- tion. Itcreates wealth. The honey crop displaces no other crop on the farm, and further, the primary object of the exis- tence of the honey-bee is not to gather honey, but to assist by the distribotion of pollen the cross-fertilization of plant life. The honey-bee is of the greatest value to the fruit-grower, and 70 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 4. all that bee-keepers ask in return from the fruit-grower is a little nectar from the llowers in his orchard and field, and the Arm and kindly grasp of his hand, acknowledging the common interests and common benefits. He referred to the chances of development of trade in our honey with the British and other markets, and to the experiments carried on at the tluelph Ex- permental Farm with foul brood. Freight Rates om Honey. — These are far too high, in the opinion of members, honey being clastat flrst-class rates, while syrup is shipt much more cheaply. At any rate, gran- ulated honey should get lower rates, as there was no risk of its damaging anything even if the case broke. Messrs. Gem- mill and Holtermann were appointed a committee to confer with the Classification Committee of Railroads and Steamships as to lowering the classification of honey. Bee-Keepixg in Cuba. — An interesting account of bee- keeping in that country was given by Mr. Irving Kiuyon, of New York. The natives use box-hives 5 to 6 feet long, open at both ends. Wax, not honey, was the object sought. The comb is cut out with machetes. Honey is too plentiful and cheap to be lookt after, being worth only 22 to 2i cents a gal- lon since the war commenced. Bees thrive well and are very gentle. The honey-flow begins October 1 and is best in De- cember. Wa.x is worth 22 cents a pound. Wax-moths are very destructive to wax and comb. Most of the honey is shipt to Holland. Foul brood is very prevalent. Mr. Kinyon also gave the methods of securing comb honey employed in New York State. Honey-Vinegar. — Some discussion took place on the methods employed in making honey-vinegar. Mr. McKnight gave his plan as follows : Take a barrel with a wooden tap that will hold 40 gallons ; put in honey and water in the pro- portion of two pounds of honey to one gallon of water. The second fermentation will result in vinegar. Fermentation is regulated by the temperature and the admission of air. Below 42 ' fermentation ceases. The best temperature is about 85^. To hasten fermentation, yeast or " mother" can be put in, or an old vinegar barrel used. To clarify the vinegar, use isin- glass, white of eggs, or, what is cheaper and nearly or quite as good, skimmed milk. Principles of Su.mmer Management. — An exceedingly interesting and what was pronounced to be one of the best papers ever read before the Association, was the one on the above subject, given by Mr. A. E. Hoshal. To make it better understood it was illustrated by diagrams. To many of the Association his views were a revelation in bee-keeping, and were eagerly received. Below will be found some points in his address : In their natural condition bees store bulk honey above brood, and as near the top of the hive as possible. They work from the top down, and the brood is forced down all the time. Surplus cases should be added above the brood for honey. We should not compel our bees to travel over the honey on top to store more honey. The division between the brood and honey should be just above the brood-cases, lirood-chambers should extend under the whole surface of surplus case. In hives built with frames crosswise the end combs will generally be found full of honey, and therefore contain less brood. The less space found between the brood and honey, the quicker will the bees fill it up. The shallower the cases above, the quicker will they be filled. In the early part of the season he forces brood so long as they can be hatcht before the honey-fiow ceases : after that time young bees are of no use. He uses a honey-board, which is an unnatural condition, but which he finds useful in increasing the honey-llow. This, by keeping brood out, gives a better quality of honey. Queens of strong vitality are need- ed. There is as much difference in the honey-producing qual- ities of bees as In the milking qualities of dairy cows. If wo wish to check swarming, we must force the production of comb honey. He uses the Heddon hive, and has wintered bees in hives only five inches deep, those in single stories wintering more unformly than those in double stories. In the discussion of this paper exception was taken to the statement that at the close of the honey-flow young bees were of no use, and also to the use of the honey-board, but Mr. Mc- Evoy heartily endorsed Mr. Hoshal's system. Experiments with Foui, Brood. — Very interesting were the results of experiments with foul brood, given to the meet- ing by Mr. F. C. Harrison, B. S. A., Bacteriologist at the On- tario Agricultural College. He isolated the bacilli, and placed them in darkened chambers, at temperatures from 45-" to 90- and at the end of a month growth was still goipg on. The same results were found when they were placed in the light. He took one drop of the spores and put it in a test-tube and allowed it to evaporate ; ho then exposed It to the sunlight for a portion of 124 hours, at 85'-" to 00 -. At the end of the per- iod he found them still alive. He found that it took 45 min- utes to kill them at temperature of 208'to210-. By using steam it was done in 10 minutes. In dry heat they live for 13^ hours at 1 TjO^ Centigrade. He found bacilli in honey and bee-bread. Formic acid retards the growth of the bacilli, but not of the spores, but does not kill them. In answer to a question, Mr. Harrison explained that the bacillus was the vegetable form, while spores are found when the bacillus ends its existence. Spores are a form of reproduc- tion to tide the bacilli over adverse circumstances. When ba- cilli are excluded from oxygen they are purer. In hydrogen the germs grow well. He found bacilli alive in combs that had been exposed to the atmosphere for eight months. He had tried feeding bees with honey in which spores had been placed. At the end of one month none seemed affected ; but flies fed on sugar and water in which spores had been placed all died. He was now conducting experiments with formic acid and naphthaline, feeding the former to bees to see if that will counteract foul brood. The following is the annual report of the Foul Brood In- spector, Mr. McEvoy : FOUL brood inspector's REPORT. During the past season I visited bee-yards in the Counties of Lambton, Huron, Bruce, Grey, Middlesex, Perth, Norfolk, Brant, Wentworth, Lincoln, Halton, Simcoe, Peel, York, On- tario, Carleton, Russell and Prescott. I examined 88 apiaries and found foul brood in 41. The great out-break of decaying brood which was found in so many apiaries in June and July caused many bee-keepers to become very much alarmed, and was often mistaken for foul brood. I received many letters from bee-keepers describing the sort of dead brood that they found in their colonies, and also samples of comb with decayed brood in them. Sometimes foul brood was mistaken for dead brood of other kinds until it had made great headway. Every place I went, I found the bee-keepers anxious for me to examine their apiaries, and pleased when I did so. And for the very nice way that I have been treated by all the bee- keepers, I here return to them many thanks. I am also pleased to say that those that had the disease in their apiaries did their duty, and that I did not have to burn one colony in 1896. My time, livery hire, and railway fares, amounted to $658.85. Wm. McEvoy. Remedy for Wax-Moth. — "What is the best remedy for the prevention and destruction of the small wax-worm, princi- pally on section honey '?" was askt. There seemed to be some doubt among the members as to whether this was the larva of the ordinary bee-moth or a new kind of pest. According to Mr. Heise, it was a worm three- sixteenths of an inch long. Mr. Switzer had had experience with a small worm, pinkish in color (which has a web), and works on the face of the comb. It was recommended to re- move sections with pollen and there would be no trouble ; also to keep comb in the house where the moth cannot get to it. If there are dead bees in the comb the moth feeds on them. Live specimens of the worms should be sent to the Entomologist at Ol'tawa, who could then determine if they were a new species. Mr. S. T. Pettit made the following report for the Com- mittee on Legislation, which was approved, with some niodifi- calions : REPORT ON legislation. I am forced to believe it my duty, in justice to the Parlia- ment of Canada, to point out the difficulties and obstructions that came up in the way of at once giving the legislation sought. Then, again, this Association has a right to demand of mo as to how I discharged my duties and why I spent so much money on them. Briefly, then : 1 started for Ottawa Jan. 24, 1896. I had been there but a short time when I was made acquainted with the fact that the members had been liberally supplied with a pamph- let against our Bill, which was read, or portions of it, and quoted on the floor of the House as authority. This pamphlet set forth that " the law was sought for selfish ends." " It is wanted as a weapon and a menace to keep an upstart clique in power ;" and other base motives were given as reasons for seeking legislation. (Jreat effort was made to lead the Par- liament to believe that only a few bee-keepers — a mere "clique" — care anything about the legislation sought, and that the motives of this few are low and mean in the extreme. Then my reputation was assailed, and the statement was circulated that such " blind guides as Mr. Pettit will stick at nothing to damage any man's reputation who advocates sugar- honey or dares to dllTer from him in any way." Then, again, besides the two opponents from our own 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 71 ranks, there was a representative of an adulterating firm, said to be located in Montreal. I had not the pleasure (?) of meeting the gentleman, but I learned from good authority that he was very much afraid of our Bill, and said If it became a law in its then present shape that it would simply close up that branch of their business. I have given these particulars that you may understand so^nc of the diflficulties and obstructions to be overcome before we could hope to get anything done for us. Now all this meant lots of hard work, or lose the game, and I determined to work and win. For thirteen days I remained at the capi- tal and pnsht the matter with all my might. It was uphill work, but I workt with a will, as tho dear life hung upon success. There would be no difficulty at all in securing an Act that would compel all mixers and producers of sugar-honey to set forth in a conspicuous manner on every container the compo- sition of such parcel or package. Indeed, a good many mem- bers urged me to accept such a Bill. I distinctly remember a half hour's talk with a good old senator, who wanted me to accept such an Act, but when among other things I pointed out to him the danger to our good name and reputation as a pure-food producing country, in foreign markets, he declared we should put our foot upon all adulterations. He said, "If the Bill passes the House of Commons, then I will support it." The penalties were mysteriously dropt out of the Bill be- tween the first and second readings. The House had no op- portunity of discussing them at all. Mr. Sproule said that if the penalties in the Adulteration of Foods Act were found to be insufficient, then it would be an easy matter to get the Act amended and the penalties made heavier. Our Bill was somewhat mutilated before it became law, but I am glad to say It is a long stride in the right direction. Indeed, I believe it to be the best law in any country against that abominable adulteration business. The Act brands "sugar-honey" a willful adulteration, and forbids the sale of it ; it also forbids the sale of spurious honey and imitations of honey entirely. Right here I may be allowed to say that Mr. Sproule is a better man when he gets right down to business in pushing a Bill through, than one would take him to be ; quick, alert, shrewd, well posted, vigilant, and, withal, courteous, kind and convincing, and never mixt. Indeed, it was not only a feast but a marvel and an inspiration to hear him push the bill through. If we stand to our guns and quit ourselves like men, in the near future we will surely get all we ask for ; but for the im- mediate present I think we had better test what we have. I presume most of us know that there are but few Acts past in any country found to be so perfect that they do not need amending sooner or later. If space would permit, I would like to mention the name of Mr. Sutherland, Mr. McNeil, and others who gave valuable assistance in passing the Bill. One thing that perple.xt Honorable Gentlemen a good deal was an idea that was circulated, by some means or other, from some source, that bee-keepers generally in poor seasons were in the habit of producing " sugar-honey," so-called, for the use of their own families. This damaging untruth was sprung upon the House so late that I had but little opportun- ity to make the truth known. And now, I most sincerely thank you for the confidence you have continued to place in your deputation during all these years. I have all along done the very best I could to carry out your wishes in this important matter. My faith in the eternal justice and ultimate success of our cause never waned nor weakened for a moment. Truth and justice iDUSt triumph in the end. I have visited the Capital six times ; have traveled 4,500 miles, and adding the distance I have traveled to report, makes in all about .'i, 100 miles. I was on the road and at Ottawa .34 days ; have written hundreds of letters and other matter in the prosecution of this work. I have carried the weight and responsibility of the work nearly four years. Indeed, it has been the greatest struggle of my life, but I have done it cheerfully and gladly. Success is a liberal rewarder. S. T. Pettit. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. A motion was past that it was desirable to have an order- in-council past determining the per cent, of water which must of necessity be found even in pure honey. The Treasurer's report showed a balance in hand of .S56.17. On the question of amalgamating the National Bee-Keep- ers' Union and the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation, it was decided to take no action. " What is the best method of rendering old comb ?" was a question askt. The general verdict was In favor of the sun extractor. Mr. Facfarlane, Chief Analyst of the Dominion Govern- ment, who was present, made some remarks, dwelling on the special aroma in honey which the chemist could not analyze, and askt if it were not posssble to cultivate certain llowers from which bees could get the necessary qualities tn give honey the aroma. It was explained that properly ripened honey contained the necessary aroma, while that extracted too soon did not. In response to Mr. Fisher's request, a resolution was past recommending Mr. R. B\ Holtermann as Apiarist at the Ex- perimental farm at Ottawa. Mr. Fixture, of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, presen- ted some reports of experiments on comb foundation, which were ordered to be embodied in the annual report of the Asso- ciation. Mr. Macfarlane, Chief Analyst, gave a sketch of the method followed in analyzing at Ottawa and in prosecuting of- fenders against the Adulteration Act. The vendor was the one proceeded against, as in the English Act a clause provides the retailer be acquitted if he can prove that he bought the adulterated article in the same state as he sold it. A charge of $5 is made by the Department for analyzing, but if anyone suspects that someone is selling an adulterated article, he can notify the Inland Revenue Department, which will get a sam- ple at its own cost and proceed against the offender if the analysis shows that the sample is adulterated. After some discussion the Executive Committee was ap- pointed to watch proceedings in regard to prosecutions. The report of affiliated societies showed them to be 12 in number, of which nine reported. Of 1,553 colonies reported the increase in bees was 55 per cent, in the fall ; the amount of comb honey produced by them, 9,899 pounds, and of ex- tracted honey 80,00ii pounds. The election of officers for the ensuing year, resulted as follows: President, .7. K. Darling, of Almonte; 1st Vice-President, N. B. Holmes, of Athens ; 2nd Vice-President, W. J. Brown, of Chard. Directors— C. W. Post, of Trenton ; J. W. Sparling, of Bowmanville ; A. Pickett, of Nassagaweya ; Israel Overholt, of South Cayuga ; W. Couse, of Streetsville ; F. A. Gemmill, of Stratford ; W. A. Chrysler, of Chatham ; N. H. Hughes, of Barrie; J. B. Hall, of Woodstock ; fiom Agricultural College, Dr. Mills. Secretary, W. Couse, of Streetsville. Foul Brood Inspectors — W. McEvoy, of Woodbur;i, and F. A. Gemmill, of Stratford. Delegates to Fair Boards — Toronto, R. F. Holtermann, of Brantford ; Western, John Newton, of Thamesfotd ; Ottawa, J. K. Dirling, of Almonte. Auditors— A. E. Hoshal, of Beamsville ; J. Newton, of Thamesford. Revising Committee— J. D. Evans, of Islington, and D. W. Heise, of Bethesda. Hamilton was selected as the place where the next annu- al meeting will be held. A Ne'w Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called " The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get it yearly. ^-.-•^ Tlie Alsike Clover Leaflet consists^of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 25 cents ; 100 for 40 cents ; or 200 for TO cents. ^-•-^ The ?Iauies aud Addresses of all your^^bee- friends, who are not now taking the Bee Journal, are wanted at this office. Send them in, please, when sample copies will be mailed to them. Then you can secure their subscriptions, and earn some of the premiums we have offered. The next few months will be just the time to easily get new sub- scribers. Try it earnestly, at least. 72 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feh 4 CBORGB 'W^. YORK, . Editor. PUBLISHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 118 Allcblsaa St., - CHICAGO, iLJ,. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at tbe PostrO£Bce at CblcaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter. Vol. mVII. CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 4, 1891. No. 5. Editorial Con}n)cr)t^^ <^olra-»vu foiiil»— A Big- 'riling-.— Mr. E. B' Weed, of comb-foundation fame, in conjunction with The A. I. Root Company, is now able to announce that the making of partly-drawn comb— or comb foundation with side-walls I4 to i.j inch in depth, is an assured success. For a number of years Mr. Weed, who is a persistent worker, has been experimenting along this line, and, seemingly, has finally and completely won. From present indications, it is apparent that this latest invention will merit an equally eminent position with the movable-frame hive, the honey-extractor, the bellows bee-smoker, comb foundation, and many others of the greatest inventions of the past in the realm of apiculture. One beauty of this new comb seems to be that the bees will start storing honey in it at once, and that by its use almost as much comb honey as extracted can be produced. At present, the manufacturers are able to make the new comb only in sufficient quantity to supply samples for illustration. But we doubt not it will be offered for sale through the advertising columns of the various bee-papers in good time for next season's use. We have on our desk samples of the new partly-drawn comb- one of the samples having been cut out of a section after the bees had drawn it out further and also continued it downward from the original drawn starter, showing how perfectly the bees accept it and unite it with their own natural comb. If the manufacturers can get this new comb down cheap enough in price, we believe that bee-keepers will run almost exclu- sively to the production of comb honey, for the reason that it will enable them to produce abjut as many pounds of comb honey as they could of extracted, and the cost of sections and the new comb will just about offset the cost of extractors and labor of extract- ing. If such should prove to be the case, it may go a long way toward solving the adulteration problem, because the effect will be to put upon the market more and more comb honey, and less and less of the extracted article. We believe the manufacturers contemplate putting the drawn comb right into the folded sections, then the sections put into shipping-cases, and tbe latter crated in comb-honey crates. Then all the bee-keeper need do is to get whatever quantity he may need— of sections already filled with drawn comb — put them on the hives, and when properly filled and sealed, remove to the ship- ping-cases, put the cases back into the large crate again, and it is ready to be shipt to market. As many know, the use of partly -drawn combs in the produc- tion of comb honey is not an entirely new idea. One bee-keeper has had an experience of over 25 years with such comb, and thinks that its importance has not been overestimated. Others have used it in one way or another for 12 or 15 years, and place a high value upon it. We trust that this new way of producing partly-drawn comb, and the article itself, may prove to be all its inventor and pro- moters anticipate. Mr. Weed has been an indefatigable worker, and merits whatever success may attend his efforts in behalf of bee-keepers. *-—^ Calirornia Anti-A<1iiltei-ation Kill The following letter, by Mr. C. H. Clayton, of California, explains itself: 1 herewith send a copy of my proposed Bill, as it will be pre- sented (and undoubtedly past). I have made some slight changes in the phraseology of the definition of extracted honey. As now worded, it has the hearty endorsement of Prof. Cook. Honey-dew is so ct/-;/ seldom stored by the bees here that no account can be made of it, as likewise the juices from the leaves of corn — virtually no bees are kept in the corn regions, and even if there were, my experience is that bees do not visit corn when other sources are available, as is the case here during the corn season . I am convinced that the only way we can put a stop to adul- teration is to say in great big letters, "THOU SHALT NOT." C. H. Clayton. The proposed Bill referred to in the foregoing, reads thus: AN ACT TO PKOniBIT THE ADULTERATION OF HONEY, AND TO PROVIDE A PUNISHMENT THEREFOR. The people of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. — No person shall, within this State, manufacture for sale, oft'er for sale, or sell any extracted honey which is adul- terated by the admixture therewith of either refined or commercial glucose, or any other substance or substances, article or articles, which may in any manner affect the purity of the honey. Sec. 2. — Every person manufacturing, exposing, or offering for sale, or delivering to a purchaser any extracted honey, shall furnish to any person interested, or demanding the same (who shall apply to him for the purpose, and tender him the value of the same), a sample sufficient for the analysis of any such extracted honey which is in his possession. Sec. 3. — For the purposes of this Act, "extracted honey" is the transformed nectar of flowers, which nectar is gathered by the bees from natural sources, and is extracted from the comb after it has been stored by the bees. Sec. 4. — Whoever violates any of the provisions of this Act is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than twenty-five nor more than four hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the County Jail not less than twenty-five days, nor more than six months, or both such fine and imprisonment; and any person found guilty of manufacturing, offering for sale, or selling any adulterated honey under the provision of this Act. may. in the discretion of the court, be adjudged to pay, in addition to the penalty herein before provided for, all necessary costs and expenses, not to exceed fifty dollars, incurred in analyzing such adulterated honey of which such person may have been found guilty of manufacturing, selling, or oft'ering for sale. Sec. 5. — This Act shall be in force and take effect from and after its passage. We do not see why Mr. Clayton's Bill doesn't cover the whole ground very completely. We hope it will be enacted into law, and then be rigidly enforced. Let other States use it as a sample, and if possible have it past this winter. Adulteration more than all things else, in our estimation, is what is killing the honey-busi- ness. Bee-keepers everywhere can't secure any too soon the pas- sage of such a Bill as the one proposed by Mr. Clayton. It is just what they need — it is just what every consumer needs to protect him from a continuation of the villainous glucose fraud. " 'J'/ioii s/uill not " is the right kind of a "gun " for bee-keepers to use, when they have proper "ammunition," in the shape of the Clayton Bill. Ihufn with the adulteration frauds I and up with good, pure honey ! ■*-^-*- '■'Ik* Sliglil R«-iwriii in Spoiling, recently agreed upon by 30(1 editors, publishers, educators, authors, etc. — among them being the editor of the American Bee Journal — has (so tar as we know) received only two unfavorable criticisms from among our thousands of readers, and both were somewhat vigorous protests. This is exactly what was to be expected. "/ coui-ae, tbe new 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 73 spelling will not in general be liked at first, for, if otherwise, there would long ago have been a radical reform. In England the cumbersome system of "pounds," ■■ shillings " and "pence," in" stead of the simple decimal system as used in this country, con- tinues to be used probably for no other reason than because people are used to it, and no matter how much simpler and better "dol- lars " and "cents" are, they wouldn't like the change. Our cor- respondents who object to the present reform may recall the time when labour, honour. Atlantick and Pacifick were common spell- ings, and no doubt there were many who objected to dropping the superfluous letters, but it is doubtful if they would want, or indeed if any one would now ask, to return to the old form. It is possible that of the proposed reforms "there is the least reason for this one," as one critic says, but there certainly is ciouil reason for this. A sufticient reason for the change, even if there were no other, is that it is shorter. One letter takes the place of two. and in many cases of three. If that one letter does the work as well as the two or three, why is not the change desirable ? But the one letter does the work beiler—a. sufficient reason of itself. When " ed " is written where "t" is spoken, why not write it " t ?" To those who are used to it, it may look better to write " shipped " than " shipt," but does it sound better ? If these two reasons are not sufficient, it's hardly worth while to have reasons. The new spelling is shorter, and its correct use will make us be- come accustomed to the new way, while no amount of use will make the longer and incorrect way better. " Contest " instead o£ "confessed " may offend the eye, while we easily endure "blest," and would object to seeing " Blessed be the tie that binds," the only reason in the world for the difference being that we are accustomed to •' blest " and not to " confest." The reformed spelling was not adopted because all our readers would be sure to like it, nor indeed because any considerable minority might like it, but because it might help them in time to endure it, and in the end help to bring about a reform that might save many a heartache in the little folks who will learn to spell in the future. Of course, we do not insist that all our correspondents shall fall into line, providing it's too much trouble, and we are willing to take the trouble on ourselves; but they may be surprised to find how seldom words occur that necessitate the change. It is. however, pleasant to know that the majority endorse the change, and among them we have received the following note from one of our most prominent correspondents, and one who has had much to do with educational matters: " Editor York:— You have done a brave thing to face the prejudices of people who will dislike any change for no other rea- son than because it is a change. Perhaps it might not be a bad plan to give a specimen of our language as it was written some hundreds of years ago. and ask some of the old fogies if they would like to return to it. But that's just where we would be now if no change had been allowed. I'm rather hoping this change of put- ting " t '' for " d," when it is pronounced " t." may be only the beginning of reforms in spelling, and that future generations of the little innocents in our public schools may not be obliged to waste a full year of their school lives in learning what they ought never to be obliged to learn." We may say further that we are trying to be careful to spell according to the new way. but we find that often we fail to see (until too late to correct) that a word has gone in with an " ed " that should have been changed to "t." But please remember, not every word that has "ed " as an affix is to end with " t." If in doubt, refer to your Webster or other dictionary. One of the two correspondents who have objected, gave us clear evidence of his own thoughtlessness, or carelessness, by calling our attention to what he supposed was a fact, namely, that "ed " in • walked " is not pronounced as the sound of "t." But it was so easy to refer him to Webster's dictionary, where it is clearly shown that " walked " is pronounced as if spelt " wakt,'' the " a " having the same sound as " a " in "all." It always pays to be sun you are i-ijjlit before attempting to criticise another. We don't know every- thing— of course not— but if there is one thing above all others that we prided ourselves on, both as a student and as public school- teacher, it was our ability to V''""""'"'*' '>°'l V"" words furrrcllij. Were it not for the appearance of boastfulness. we would mention a few of the prizes we have won in spelling contests. But it is quite unnecessary to take further space on this sub- ject. We have agreed, with many others, to adopt this reform in our spelling, and of course expect to adhere to our agreement. We feel certain that it is a progressive step, and that all our readers will see it in the light we do. after they become accustomed to reading words spelt according to this new and sensible reform method. Ti?e Weekly Budget* Mn. N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis., reported Jan 26 a temperature of 25- below zero, and the day before 30 below. He called it " cold weather !" Shouldn't wonder a bit if it was. Mr. T. F. Bingham, of bee-smoker notoriety, residing in Clare Co., Mich., wrote us Jan. 25 : "It is 10^ below zero this morn — coldest of the season. Nice sleighing. Bees are all right, so far." Mr. N. H. Smith, of Ontario, Canada, wrote Jan. 23 : " I had something happen last fall that I n_ever saw since I have kept bees. It was this: On Nov. 27 my bees were working all day carrying in pollen. Bees are wintering finely." Mr. E. L. Carkington, formerly of Pettus, Bee Co., Te.'j., has removed to DeFuniak Springs. Fla.. hoping to benefit his Invalid wife's health, and where he will engage in rearing Italian bees and queens. See his advertisement on another page. Mr. M. H. Mendleson, of "Ventura Co., Calif., wrote us Jan. 18: "We are having fine rains, and prospects for more." This is encouraging to California bee-keepers, tor a honey crop there depends altogether upon a sufBclent amount of rainfall. Mr. G. M. Doolittle, of New York, wrote us Jan. 26 : " Our winter has been very mild till of late. The last week has been very cold and rough — little snow, and that piled in heaps. Bees seem to be wintering well, both indoors and outside." Mr. F. F. Zillmer, of Wisconsin, wrote Jan. 25 : "Friend York: — I am highly pleased with the good "Old Reliable," and the straight road it has taken in expos- ing frauds. I will be ready to join the New Union as soon as the amalgamation is settled, to help check those blood- suckers." SuPT. Xi. D. Howe, of the Vermont College Farm, when paying his subscription Jan. 25, said : "I think a great deal of the American Bee Journal; it has been a great help to rae for the last three years in my work at the College Farm, where I have been Farm Superintendent here for the last five years, and have had charge of the bees. I have done a large amount of experi- mental work, and yet have made them profitable." Mr. Thos. 6. Newman, in a receut letter from San Fran- cisco, Calif., says: " I am just getting settled again. I have a nice, sunny location — an essential in California. But I have the worst ' cold ' I ever had." It will be rembered that Mr. Newman had just been mov- ing from San Diego to San Francisco. His number and street are, 2096 Market street. We once heard that a California " cold" is the worst of "worst colds" known. It must be pretty rough if It is ahead of a genuine Chicago " cold." Mr. a. S. Terrill— one of the members of the now de- funct firm of Terrill Bros., who were chief backers of the fraudulent firm of " Wheadon & Co."— is now in the real estate business in Chicago, and calls himself "the home- seekers' friend." Awhile ago he pretended to be " the honey- shippers' friend,'' by proxy — -through Wheadon & Co. He is now trying to get people to let him invest their surplus money in real estate, mortgages, etc. In a letter soliciting patron- age, he says: "lam a large property holder myself, and therefore believe that my judgment might be of some value to you in placing your money." No doubt he's " a large prop- erty holder," but what mevns did he use in order to be able now to say it? If the truth were kuown, we might find that many honest, unsuspecting farmers contributed the greater share of it. We are informed that he " made" .•? 100,000 on South Water street, and we haven't the slightest doubt of it. But if we can prevent it, no more of our readers will help to enrich such "friends." l^" See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page -to. 74 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Pel. 4. CONDUCTED BY DR. C O. MILLER, MARENGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct 1 What to Do witli Partly-Filled Sci>tloii§. What shall I do with my partly-filled sections ? If I put them out in the spring and let the bees clean them out, will it do to use the comb that is in the sections, that is, will it be fit for market after being filled again '? or shall I cut the comb out and fill the sections with foundation ? I have a good repu- tation for my honey, and do not wish to injure it. S. B. S., Minnesota. Answer. — It will hardly do to risk letting the bees fill sections that have stood all winter with any honey in them, no matter if there is only enough to daub them a very little bit. For that little bit will pretty surely be granulated, and the granulations are something like yeast in starting the new honey to granulating. Better cut out and melt up the comb, and put in fresh foundation, if indeed the section is good enough to use over again. You are quite right in being jeal- ous of you reputation. It's worth a good deal to John Smith for people to say, "John Smith's honey is always good, and I, don't want any other.'' i. 1. I am wintering my bees in winter-cases on the summer stands. They are all in Simplicity hives, which have an en- trance at the bottom -Ix'^a inches, also a %-inch auger-hole in the center above. The entrance to the outside case is }-^x7 inches. Between the hive and the outside case I have left an air-space over the entrances, 4x6x10 inches. Will this give sufficient ventilation ■? There is a 5-inch sawdust cushion on top of frames. 2. I am of the opinion that two colonies of my bees went into winter quarters queenless. How soon in the spring would it be advisable to investigate'? C. E. C, Michigan. Answers. — 1. You will probably find that there is venti- lation enough, if I understand correctly that the 54-inch hole at the center has full play. The position of that hole makes a great increase of ventilation, the %-inch hole perhaps doub- ling the ventilation that the entrance alone would give. The Germans — at least some of tbem — lay great stress on having an upper entrance, and sometimes have it quite large, and •close the lower entrance. 2. Don't trouble them till there comes a day when they have a good flight. You can't do anything about it before that time, anyway, and you may do harm by opening them. If the hives are packt to keep them warm, better wait till it gets warm enough so you'll not mind taking away the pack- ing, or at least till they fly about every day. Combs or Candied Honc}' — Oettins Bees to Work in §eclions. Last fall I had 4 colonies of bees. I don't want more than 2 to winter while I live here, so I try to prevent swarm- ing. I divided up last summer after the one colony swarmed, and that stopt swarming. I put in full sheets of foundation, consequently when I doubled up in the fall I had all together, with my upper story hives, about 'SO brood-frames full of honey, besides some 10 or 12 narrow extracting-frames. Now I wanted to extract that. I tried to rent an extractor, as I didn't feel able to buy one for what little honey I might get. So you see winter came on, and I had to move all these hive- bodies (4 of them) into the kitchen, and two shallow extract- ing supers, which makes a lot of comb honey. Well, when I united, I put in the hives all the oldest combs, and the ones that bad the most bee-bread in them, but for all that I have almost all of these black and heavy combs. I tried to eat it, but it is too strong. The comb is tough and strong. We might cut the combs up in small pieces, cut the caps olT and let what will drain out, but it is so thick, and some of it is candied and won't run out. There is a fine lot of combs, but I wanted the honey — I don't care for the combs. Still, if I could get the honey out and save the combs it would save me buying foundation in the spring. Now, what will I do with them, say 15 or 20 combs full of honey ? Can I do some way to get it in the supers? I can't make my bees work in sections to save my life, but if I take off the sections and put on a super with narrow ex- tracting-frames, they go right to work. They stored honey all summer in them, and not a drop in the sections. I have only two narrow supers and frames, and they filled them sev- eral times. Then I thought if they wanted to work so fast I would put a hive on top, so I nailed boards together the same size as the hive, and put it on top ; then as fast as they filled a frame on the outside of the brood-nest with honey, I put it above, and put a frame of foundation below, and some frames that were ^.i to -';; full of honey I put above, too, so my bees stored lots of honey. I monkeyed with them this way to prac- tice. I want to learn. I can do a good deal with bees, but I can't tell it. But I can't make them work in sections. Now, what shall I do with this candied and thick comb in the spring? Will it pay me to buy an extractor ? I don't want to get so much stuff around me, and no use for it. S. M. S., Knox Co., Nebr. Answer. — What to do with old combs filled with candied honey is rather a tough question. If that one word "candied" could be left out the case would be quite different. I have read of melting granulated honey in combs, using mild heat a long time so as to make the honey all liquid without melting the comb, but I haven't the greatest faith in its accomplish- ment. It will be of little use for you to get an extractor, for candied honey cannot be extracted, and the probability is that it will all be candied by spring. Perhaps you may get the bees to dispose of part of it in the spring. If it is put under or over their brood-nest, the sealed part uncapt, and what isn't sealed daubed over the surface with honey, they will promptly empty it out, using or storing the liquid part and dropping the grains. Have a shallow box or other receptacle under the hive, and gather the grains out of that, melt them slowly, and you will find that to be a good table honey. That which has been stored in comb that never has been used to contain brood can be melted up, comb and all. A stone crock is perhaps best for this purpose, setting the crock on the reser- voir of the cook-stove so it will melt very gradually, or else set the crock in a dish of hot water on the stove, putting a piece of shingle or something of the kind under the crock so it will not sit directly on the bottom of the dish containing the water. The object is to keep the bottom from getting too hot. If it is two or three days before it is melted, all the better. After it is all melted, let it cool, and take the wax off the top. You can do the same way with comb that has been used for brood, but it will not work so satisfactorily. But the honey will not taste so strong as to eat it comb and all. It seems rather strange that you succeed so poorly in get- ting bees to work in the sections. Instead of giving them more combs when they have filled their extracling-combs, put a super of sections on the hive under the extracting-combs, and see if they can resist the temptation to fill the sections. I never saw a case yet where bees would not store honey in sections (providing they had any honey to store) if they had in the super one or more sections with comb partly or wholly drawn out, or if there was put in one of the sections a piece of drone or worker brood. Iloncy as Food aud Medicine. — A new and revised edition of this 3'3-page pamphlet is now issued. It has 5 blank pages on which to write or paste recipes taken from other sources. It is just what its name indicates, and should be liberally dis- tributed among the people everywhere to create a demand for honey. It contains a number of recipes on the use of hopey as food and as medicine, besides much other interesting and vaiuable information. Prices, postpaid, are : Single copy, 5 cts. ; 2a copies "acts. ; 50 for $1.10; lUO for $1.50. Better give them a trial. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. A jNC'W Clubbing' Rate has been arranged for Gleanings in Bee-Culture and the Bee-Keepers' Review with the American Bee Journal. Hereafter either of the two papers named will be clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year, for §1.90. lay, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 75 I "The Overland Limited " LEAVES .CHICAGO DAILY VIATHE. Giif AGO ^ North Western Railwav GITY TICKE.T office: aoa CLARK STREET CHICAGO Our TVew Catalogue : \J A- \ \_y Will, Be Issued Soon. Send us your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailinK you a copy II 1 I B Ij i Ij i f IT ILLUSTR.\TES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies Or. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pouud tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7J^ cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, OJa cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood ITlavor Honey at \i cent more when in cans; or in 270-lb. barrels at G>a cents per pound. ^^ A sample of the honey will be mailed loan intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade ? Order one 60-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ougLt to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or -10 cents for 3 pounds. Some maybe able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. GEORGE W. YORK k CO., 118 Micliigan Stmt, CHICAGO, ILL. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS AN ACRE Can only be made trom one source— POP/yTi^F. Wheat and corn do not pay by comparison. Yon mav sraile. b(ii have vou ever tried keepmc poiiltn." ri^iir. The egg basket is a handv source o* revenue these hard tiroes. THE POULTRY KEEPER, Bex 44 PaRKESBURC, PA. 5octs. a year tells bow it is done. Sample free. The paper i j'earand four grand Poultry Books. $i. Write to-day. Questiot;)''Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Xiifleu»< v§. Full Colony for Qiiccn-Rearintf. Query 43.— 1. Will a two-frame nucleus rear a queen as soon as a strong colony? 2. And If there's any difference, how much dif- ference In the time a queen commences to lay ?— Tenn. H. D. Cutting— 1. Yes. Prof. A. J. Cook— 1. Yes. Eugene Secor— 1. I don't know. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. No. 2. Perhaps two days. Jas. A. Stone— 1. I know of no reason why they would not. Mrs. L. Harrison— 1. I should think not. 2, I don't know. E. France— 1. Yes, if the weather is warm. 2. I don't know. Emerson T. Abbott— Yes ; but the queen will not be as valuable. C. H. Dibbern— 1. Yes. I do not see how there could be any difference. Mrs. J. N. Heater— 1. If there are plenty of bees, yes. 2. No difference. Chas. Dadant & Son— 1. Yes. It the nucleus is strong enough to keep warm, it will do as well as a big colony. G. M. Doolittle— 1 and 2. No differ- ence of any account ; but the best queens will be reared in the strong colony. P. H. Elwood— 1. There is a little difference, usually in favor of the strong colony, but I cannot say how much. W. G. Larrabee— 1. I have never had much experience in rearing queens in a nucleus, and I am unable to answer. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— t and 2. They will, if it has bees enough ;' and the queen will commence laying just as soon. J. M. Hambaugh— 1. If your nucleus is strong and honey coming in, there will be no difference; otherwise there might be. Dr. A. B. Mason— 1. Yes, In warm weather, with all conditions favorable. 2. There is no "difference in the time a queen commences to lay." When she commences she usually commences. J. A. Green— 1 and 2. Altho I have never allowed such nuclei to rear queens, I do not think there would be any differ- ence in time. After a queen is hatcht there Is no difference, provided the nucleus is in proper condition. R. L. Taylor— 1. Not quite so quickly on the average. 2. If the weather is fine, and the nucleus strong, there would be no difference, but If the weather is cool, and the nucleus weak, from one to three days longer would be required. A. P. Brown— 1. Not usually. 2. The queens reared in a full, strong colony are the best. If you have reference to " from the time the queen-cell is given each," then I would say, very little dif- ference, and no difference in quality of the queen. Rev. M. Mahin— 1. A good, strong 2- f rame nucleus will probably rear a queen as soon as a full colony, but she will not as a rule be as well developt. 2. The queen In a strong colony will begin to lay, as a rule, some days earlier than 76 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 4, 4 f 4 4 I 4 I 4 f 4 f 4 f The Place to Live ^ 'iWid Sun and Flowers Possibly you huve stood the In- tense O Id, the bllzziiids and the Kill- ing HeHt of the Kast and the West un- til you are sick of them— perhaps your health has been about ruined by such climate. Don't you think it Is about time to seek a place where you can en- joy life? Of course you do. Califor- nia is the plaje for a man to live who wishes tobeg-)od to himself and his family— there's a genial sun— flowers and fruits every day in the year— Pure a(r — Pure water — every thing that's good. Now is the time to possess such a home — thej' are cheaper now than they ever will be again. Don't wait- write to us telllngwhat kind of a place J ou want — in city or country— what I'art of the State— how much you ex- pect to pay. etc.. and we will give you the desired information. PRYAL REALTY CO. 966 Bkoadway, OAKLAND, CALIF. Please mention this Journal. Tlie RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees in California. The Yields and Price of Honey; the Pastur- age and Nectar - Producing Plants; the Bee- Ranches and how they are conducted. In fact the entire field is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Besides this, the paper also tells you ail about California Asririiltiire and Horticulture. $1..50 per 'i'ear; Six Months, 75 cents. Sample Free. THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN, 218 N. Main St., - Los Angeles, Calif. Mention the American Bee Journal Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Head what J. I. PARKNT.of Charlton, N.Y., says— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, lust winter 50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap, 100 honey-racks, 500 broad frames, 2.0fJ0 honey-boies and a threat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do itwlth this Saw. Itwill do all you say it will. Catalogue and Price -Jiist Address. W.F.& JOHN BARNEB. No. 995 Ruby St.. Rockford, III. Mention the JLyriericon Bee JotvrvoA Our '97 Cataloff — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It Is full of Information. ^^~ Write for It. I. J. STRINCIIAm, 105 Park Place. NEW YOKE, N.Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. Mentiofix the American Bee Jourruzl. Free. 4SCtf WE MANUFACTURE ; 'PUMPS FOR ALL PURPOSES^ onr Spray Pvimps and Ko^zlcB anUMdl.v _ . experiment stations and all leading hoiticiiltur- t ists. 'riit'best fruit and berries •■an iTilv I,'- iM'i. t .lM,-e.ll..v.s|,niynii.'. Wi:..im1u valuable illustrated I 36 Page Book on Spraying, FREE. Aclilris.>< i THE DEMING CO., SALEM. OHIO. 1| llKNIiiN .V. Ill lllll;l.l.. ll.-ii.TiU Westt-rn Auonts, ' f.l t.) 1.11 N.M 111 jtiter^^oM St.. nilc,\(iii, III. ' :>C.')t Menivm CM American Bee Joumoi. one in a nucleus, unless the nucleus is stimulated by feeding. How much, de- pends upon weather and circumstances. G. W. Demaree — 1 and 2. In warm weather they will, and sometimes sooner, as they are apt to begin with a three or four days' old larva, aud for this reason nucleus colonies cannot be depended upou to rear uniformly good queens, un- less they are furnisht with good queen- cells. J. E. Pond — 1 and 2. In my own ex- perience a 2-frame nucleus properly guarded will rear a queen as quickly as a large colony. The strength of a col- ony is relative. A 2-frame nucleus might be a strong colony, while three times the number of bees on a full hive would be weak. Keep all colonies strong, in order to get the best results. Old Bee-Keeper Not Discouraged. I have got to be between TO and SO years old, and I ought to quit keeping bees. I began when I was only 10 years old — got my bees out of the timber by working on Quinby's plan. I lost about 100 colonies last season, but have 60 left to start with this year. I am not discouraged yet. Hur- rah for the American Bee Journal ! Houston Poktek. Jefferson Co., Colo., Jan. 33. Bees Prepared for Winter. I am wintering 21 colonies out-doors. They are all in a row under a shed two feet high in the rear, five feet wide on the roof, and open in fi'ont, facing the south : they are packt a foot deep on the back with straw, aud six inches between each hive. I left the section-cases on most of them, filled with comb in the sections, and some with honey. Sis of the colonies I put into the cellar : they were the weakest ones, making 3(1 in all. They seem to be doing well so far. I think the prospects here are good for next season, as we expect to have a big crop of sweet clover. John S. SLEExn. Livingston Co., 111., Dec. 31. A Government Whitewash. On page S23 H. D. asks for a preparation to whiten his bee-shed. Take V.' bushel of unslackt lime, slack it with boiling water, cover during the process to keep the steam in ; strain through a fine strainer, and add one peck of salt, dissolved in warm water; three pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste aud stirred in while hot; ■„ pound of Spanish whiting, and 1 pound of clean glue, previously dissolved. Add 5 gallons of hot water to the mixture. Stir well, and let it stand a few days, well covered. It should be applied hot. It is used by the Govern- ment to whitewash lighthouses. A pint will cover a square yard, if properly ap- plied to wood, stone or brick. C. W. CUHUY. N. E. Ohio and N. W. Pa. Convention. On account of the non-apjiearance of any northeastern Ohio members of the North- eastern Ohio and Northwestern Pennsylva- nia Bee-Keepers' Association, it was de- cided that the convention be conducted by the Northwestern I'ennsylvauia Bee-Keep- ers' Association, who were called to meet at the same place. The meeting was called to order by Pres. Dewey, of Columbus, Pa., who is the Presi- dent of both Associations (tlie latter was organized at a meeting held in Corry, Pa., Nov. 'Jl and '22, l,s;i4) in the parlor ot the WOVEN ..WM.FENCE! I on Earlh. HMrs<'-l)li.'li, Itiill- k slr«i»t.',l'ij,-aniJCtilcli<-n-tii.-li(. With A our m PLEK AITOMATU: Mucliinc " ketJO rodsa dav tifls JOURMM, ''W»«-"P0VDt!l"Sflp' »«♦»»>••♦»♦•»•»•♦•♦•< For Ik kuiln ^|■u^^hint;, hefiius*- — L^riillOf* lit OllOt' Mfl *>THE KEYSTONE ^DEHORNER^L It in humane, rapid uml liurublf. Fully » iwiirrnnted. Highest awakdat VVoiili' h 9 Fair. Descriptive circuliirs "FTf^laZ, ^ Ja. C. UKOSll'S. Coc'hrnnvnU', Vn. % 40E13t Mention the Amaican Bet JotimoL 1697. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 77 f 40,000. Nebraska Farmer THE Has made a contract with the Nebraska Club, to print for them 40,000 copies over and above the regular week- ly issue, each month for six months, of reliable informa- tion about Nebraska. If interesttd. send for free copy, to Mu. Chas. E. Williamson, Secretary Nebraska Club, Omaha, Nebr.. or Nebraska Farmer Co. Iiincols, Nebr. .Mention the Amencaii Bee Journal, CLOVER SEED va^i'tes Timoiby and all kinds of Gra^ss Seeds. Prices low. Buy now. »t will i>ay you to write us J'or our .ist. iOV4A SBED CO., Des Moines. Iowa. ^ California It you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St,. - SAN FRANCISCO, OAL. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°^l^^^^'''* Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Ripping, Cuttlng-ofl, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Oaining. Dadoing, Kdglng-up. Jointing Stu9, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold ea Trial. Catalogne Free. SENEGA FALLS MFG. CO., 16 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. 7. 1 Aly Mtntio.. the American Bee Journal. R MONEY MAKER —tile tlinftN industrious hen.AlI about her and how to make money from [jonltrv iu NewPouttryCuideforl897. 100 paKes;r'rinted in colors best plans for poultr,\ houses;sure remedies and reciijes V\,for diseases. Sent for 15c. if yon write now ^ JOHN BAUSCHES, Jr., Box 94, Freeport, 111. 49Ai;it "-^^ntion the American Bee Journal mi DS Si Oct discounts on early orders for 189" - - - . -^ A. I. Koot Co.'s Bee- Supplies a'ways on hind. Bet- ter prepared thjin ever to flll orjci's promptly. 30-page L'atalo^ free. JOHIT NEBEI. & SON. Hgh Hill. Mo. Meulinn tlie American Bee Journal, 4Atf A Fafherless Country. \\jshin 50ft J1.25 S3.00 8 5.75 1.20 2.75 5.00 1.60 3.75 7.00 1.10 2.70 5.00 .90 2.00 3.50 i HATCH Chickens BY STEAM- EXGELSIOR Inciibator Simple. Per/rrt. Setf-Ittgulat' trig. Thousiii.ds id eucce.stul *'iierati..D. Lowest priced UrBt-oInHB llateher maOc. t!EO. II. STAIIL. 114tol8g8. 6thwi.OiilnoT.Ill. 44A26t Mention the American Bee Journal ARE WORTH LOOKING AT Our Prices NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE esDeciallr. All other Suiiplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price-List. Address, K. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48.Vlf B0.T 187, ,-5HKU()VG-\X, Wis. McnlloH Ute American DeeJouniaU 78 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feh. 4. peuter's square) and sweet clover. It we could only get each and every bee-man to try to help furnish bee-plants or forage, our honey-yield would be much larger. Last year (1895) was almost a failure, as I got only Ultl pounds from 33 colonies. We lost most of our early swarms; they would come out. wheel, and go like a cyclone. Had we had a spray pump, and been right there, possibly we could have prevented their leaving. Our market is flat — about as others re- port it. Extracted, 13,'., cents; fancy white, one-pounds, ■ 15 cents— have been 30 cents heretofore. I use the dovetail hives, and make them myself, I tier up, and hive upon full brood sheets and starters, but I will use full sheets in each next year. I am on a farm, and I find it keeps one very busy to care for 30 or 35 colonies of bees and make a hand in the field. But I so dearly love honey and to handle the bees, and be with them, that I am getting careless of my stock, P, A, Newcomer, " L Beuna Vista Co,, Iowa, Dec, IS. Sells Granulated Honey. I see in the proceedings of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' convention a discussion on granulated extracted honey, 1 prefer to sell all of my honey granulated, as my customers then know it is pure. The only trouble I have is to granulate it soon enough. The way I granulate it is to heat it moderately, and keep it in a refrigerator. It candies very nicely. If anybody knows a better way, I wish they would tell us through the Bee Journal, I sell all of my honey in the home market, and can't sup- ply my customers, I get from 15 to 20 cents per pound, I think that extracted honey should be sold only in a granulated state, which will prove to the people that it was not adulterated, J. J, Mater, Vigo Co,, Ind, Open Winter — Hunting. My bees are all alive so far, but I suppose I will have to feed some of them, as we have such an open winter, and bees con- sume lots of stores. My bees did not store any surplus honey the past season, and as a matter of fact, I cannot feel as happy as does Dr, Miller with his 10,000 sections of comb honey. Good honey crops are seldom here; failures are plenty. Still, I can't afford to do without the American Bee Journal, for it is a great help to me, and, besides, it is dirt cheap at -^LOO a year. This is the time of the year when the bees should not be disturbed, and the bee-keep- ers have not much to do, I, for one, love sport, and so I spend most of my time in hunting, I have a new gun that cannot be excelled for shooting qualities, having al- ready killed a great deal of game with it this winter. Our list shows 10+ rabbits, 50 squirrels, 40 quails, etc, F, N. Blank, Cooper Co,, Mo., Jan. 23, Against Adulteration, Etc, I am deeply interested in, aud admire the stand the Bee Journal has taken in regard to adulteration, and frauds generally. Ig- norance and dishonesty are the backers of all frauds. No intelligent, honest man can object to having a law compelling all man- ufacturers of food products to sell the same under their true names. 1 located here last spring, coming from Oklahoma Territory. 1 have a splendid range for bees. The bluffs of the White river are covered with basswood, and the pastures with white clover. The clover did not do very well the last few years, owing to drouths, but we had plenty of rain last fall and this winter, and all available ground is carpeted with it now. The bass- wood failed last year, but smartweed yielded plenty of winter stores, and some surplus. I piirchast one colony of bees last spring, and it is in the cellar, in good condi- tion, I am contemplating taking a near-by widowj^s apiary on shares the coming sea- son. She has 10 colonies, an extractor, and supplies enough to run them this year, and says I can have them on my own terms. There are comparatively no bees in this locality now. There were a good many, kept on the haphazard plan, but the last three disastrous years have about cleaned them out. Rufus Williams. Lawrence Co., Ind., Jan, 25, Prospect for a Good Season. Bees in this locality are wintering splen- didly. The weather is mild, and their stores consist mostly of heart's-ease honey, which seems to suit them splendidly. There are upwards of a hundred acres of clover in my immediate vicinity, and the prospects for a good season here are very promising. Enw. Smith. Madison Co., 111., Jan. 18, Report for 1896. The past season has been a fairly good one for bee-keepers in this part of the State. I had T colonies last spring and in- creast to 32. I took off about 200 pounds of extracted honey and 300 pounds of comb, in one-pound sections. My honey was mostly from white clover, I did not get any surplus honey from the fall fiow, and the bees had a hard time to get what they needed for winter stores, I find the American Bee Journal a great help in my bee-keeping. A, W, Wilson, Dakota Co,, Minn,, Jan, 15, Introducing' Queens. The article by Dr, E, Gallup, on page 2, is a shoulder-striker. I have just been hav- ing a little experience in this line. On July 8, 1896, I sent to an Illinois breeder for a tested, 5-banded Italian queen, and she arrived all right on July 18, and was intro- duced the next day on frames of hatching brood, as the "A B C of Bee-Culture" said that was the only sure way of introducing. Well, it was a weak colony in the fall, and the other day I examined them, and there was only a pint of bees; I thought I would try to save the queen, which was a good one, so I put her into a cuge. After having removed a black queen, and waited 24 hours, I put the Italian queen over the brood-frames, and the next day .she was balled. Then I took her out and waited '24 hours longej, and then I filled my pipe and got it going in good shape, and I made those bees think that it was the best queen they ever saw, in about 10 seconds, I think if Dr, Tinker were introducing a queen here the first of January he would have to do it some other wey besides hatch- ing brood ; and if the tobacco smoke method was a success when the type was set for "A B C of Bee Culture," "it was a success Nov, 7, when Editor Root, in his comments in Gleanings, said it should be condemned. The article mentioned above is only one of the many good things that the readers of the Bee Journiil get for their dollar. Also, stay with the dishonest commission- men, Mr, York, like a hybrid bee to a be- ginner in bee-keeping. Ray Sullivan. Columbia Co., Oreg.. Jan. 14, Bee-Keeping in Utah I see a great many articles printed about queens, I have had my bees over 12 years, and I have never had any queens ex- cept such as my bees are willing to rear. Of course I do not depend upon bees for a living. Last year they practically swarmed none at all, tor out of nearly 75 colonies there was but one swarm, and that clus- tered so high I gave it to a person for tak- ing it down. 1 had so much to attend to, that I got my oldest son to take oil' the honey, but he did not start in until everything was full, and some of the colonies were building on the outside. He took out five barrels of over Iv2 ^k^' IF YOU '•SBii " PLANT RIGHT SEEDS. TjRL MyNewSeedBooktelJsallaboutthe ^CrL bestvanetiesof Radish and every- ^ffil thing ot intereBt in Seeds; how to I (Ml grow them for profit, etc. ^lrS% Write ^i^j™ ^Mention ''""•"ay I" ■lllir'i*'''" """'" and willponf] youaeampleof Buck* ^^. ^ fK^?7^ .Rapid Forcing Radish, Kf£ thfEafi, ^^ earth together' JOK^ with beiumtu land instrmtiy* Seed «^a and Plant Book. BHL H W. BUCKBEE, _Box 637 K«ckfoi-dSfi-d Farms, ^ Rockford, Ills. .^ m.c'owya the American Bet. Jounmal. Invested in a postal card will get mv large Cata- log of All Koot'8 Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price, M. H. HUNT, Bell Braiicb, micb. When Answering This Advertpsement. Mention this Journal. One Cent UNG DISEASES. .10 years' experience. If your case is -sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- Ical treatment, address I Dr. Peiro, 100 State St,, Chicago, tEarly Italian dueensf Up till the middle ot Anril at these prices: Untested, 75c, ; Tested, SI, 25, E. I.. CAKRIINfiTON, 5AlTt Be Fuulak Sprlnss, Fla. ATe'iitUya the A.mcr>/;om (See ^'cunva',. ?^HATGH CHICKENS "^ witii a nua-lune th:it u-iil hatch every egL: that c;in he hatched. The New Saumenig Hatcheto Send li stamps lor catQlocue No. 69 INVINCIBLE HATCHER C0= Springfield.O. Mention the A^incrican Bee JminuU* BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-lnch " Smoke Engine." Is It too large '/ Will It last too long ? Will save .vou lots ot money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smohers and Knives. T. F. BINGUAM., Farwell, micb. Mention tHi, .American Bee- Jminwi- A"^**I*^^'^v^^A A" honest, efflclent • Yellowzones • remedy lor all Fevers. ■ I'liiil iiihl Fi'li- Headaches, Colds, Neu ^ 1.H noil uiiii r.i.i g ralgla, Grip, Rheuma- T-^'!*^-^-:-^-T tism. etc, A general service remedy that will please you, on money iiEFUNUEn, " Its a r.ire pleasure to lind such a remedy," •'TlK-y hiiuck hcadaclies t-U'iu- to the horizon," ' Too much cannot ho said in praise ot them.'' " I wHB sulfering Iroiii Neural{j:ia, and found quick relief," " I i-'ot more relief from Khoumatism in 12 hours after taking Veliowzones thiin from ail else, tho I was a skeptic," tar" See A. B, J„ pages 809, 812, Deo. 17, 1 Boi, 25c.; 6 Boxes, $1 ; most orders are$l, W. II. House, ^'T'' FIctoiir, Midi. Mention the American Bee Journal. 5 D3t Of ilils J"'irual waa.i »VT .t© to uliy €tf OCLn advertioerH, citber sic brdorlug, or antklu^ about tbu Goo£i:< ■•ffbred, will pleamc Htate tbat (bey «aw >he .AdT eTitoemeut In (bio papei • HEADERS 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 79 500 pounds each, and yet did not go through them all, as the rain set in. and as there was all I could sell. I leave my bees on the summer stands, and do not do anything to them, except in some winters I will hastily close them up. Of course, there are a few hives without any bees in spring. If I have time along in May I go to the strongest and take off the top of the hive, and look for a frame with a queen-cell. It I find the queen I take her in place of a queen-cell, and go to the empty Live and take out four or five frames of comb and put in the frame with queen or queen-cell, and take out three or more of the other frames and put in with the queen. If there is nc queen-cell nor queen, I see that there is a frame or two with eggs. I have no trouble about filling up my empty hives, but it may not do in other places, as we have a good bee-country, and as the How of honey commences early in the spring, and continues all summer until late in the fall. I do not see but what my bees are the same as they were 12 years ago. I could produce 150 pounds per colony if they were extracted from and properly at- tended to when I first got my bees, and could get 15 cents a pound for the honey. I took good care of them then, but as there is not much sale here for honey, I let them go. I am in the fruit business, and that pays better, as I am growing the best and am working for the fancy trade. I am get- ting four cents a pound for apples, but they are fancy. O. W. Warner. Grand Co., Utah, Jan. 17. Convention i^'otices. New York.— The Cortland County Bee- Keepers* Association will hold ith annual meeting In Good Templars' Hall, at Cortland, Saturday, Feb i.3, 189T. H. S. Howe, Sec. low.t.— The seventh annual meeting- of the Eastern Iowa Bee Keepers' A-^sociation will meet at Anamosa. Iowa, Feb. 10 and 11. 1897. A corps of experimenters have been doing special work In the apiary, and will report. Lay a'l cares aside, and come and enjoy the good things prepared for you. Andrew, Iowa. F. M. Merritt, Pres. Illinois —The annual meeting of the Illi- nois Slate Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the State House, in Sprii]g8eld. Feb. 24 and Oo. 1897, The State Farmers' Insti- tute meets the same week— Including all the State live stock associations— and our Exec- utive Committee, along with them, arranged for this date, in order that the Legislature might be in good working condition. (We all know what for.) There will be an effort made this winter to get a Pure Food Bill past, and that means bee-keepers want a hand In it. to see that the adulteration of honey shall cease FOREVER AND EVER. Two years ago we suc- ceeded in getting an Anli-Adulteratlon Bill through the Senate, but it failed in the House, only for want of push. Let bee-keep- ers throughout the State impress upon their Representatives the importance of such a bill, and <-ome to our meeting to relresh their minds on the subject. Railroad rates will be no greater than a fare and a third, which will be announced later. Our programs will be Issued along with the other State Associations named above. JAS. A. Stone, Sec. Bradfordton, 111. Poiillry Guide and t'ataloa.— One of the best and pretties' things we have re- ceived in the line of pamphlets for 1897 is the "Poultry Guide and Catalog" Issued by John Uauscher, Jr., Bos 94. Fieeport, III. It is mailed lor only 1.3 cts., contains 100 large pages, and U printed in colors. It gives the bCbt plans for poultry houses, and sure reme- dies and recipes for diseases. It Is a good thing for anyone who keeps even a few fowls. Send for it. and aleo kindly mention you saw It in the American Bee Journal TOUR BEESWAX ! UNriL FlRTilEK N€>TirE, we will allow lis cents per pound for Good Tel- low Bceswa.T. delivered at our (ilfice^in ex- cliaiisc for Subscription to the Bee Journal. for Bo'iks, or anything that »re oiler for sale In the Bee JouRNAi,. Or, 25 eta. cash. HDNEY and BEESWAX MAKKirr 4|i;OTAXIU.^S. The following rules lor grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy,— All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsolled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed e-xcept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsolled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is, there will be "fancy white," "No. 1 dark." etc. Chicagfo, lU,, Jan. 19.— Fancy white. 12@ 13c.; No. 1, 10@llc.; fancy amber, 8@10c.; No. 1.7@8c.; fancy dark, 8c.; No. 1,7c. Ex- tracted, white, 5@7c. ; amber. 5@6c.; dark, 4Hc. Beeswax, 25@27c. Very little activity in the market. Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 31.— Fancy white comb, 13-14C.; No. 1 white. ll-12c.; fancy amber. lO-llc; dark. 8-9c. Extracted, white, ti-8o. ; amber, 4-5c.; dark, 3-4c. Beeswax, 26c. Comb honey arriving freely and market overstocked at present. Albany, N. Y., Jan. 29.— Fancy white. 12- 13c.; No. 1. ll-l-Jc; lancy dark. 7-8c. ; No. 1, 6-7o.; Extracted, white, .5V4-6C.; dark. 4-5c. The honey market la very quiet and stock moving very slowly, even at rednced prices. White clover is not plentiful. Extracted Is moving very slowly, but we hope for an im- proved demand soon. Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 14-loc. ; No. 1 white. l'2-13c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1, 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; amber, o-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Uilwaukee, Wis., Dec. 31,— Fancy white, 14-15C.; No. 1, 12-13e.; No. 1 amber, 8-IO0. Extracted, white. 6-7o. ; amber, 5-6c. ; dark, 4-5c. Beeswax. 2a-24c. New crop of honey begins to come forward. The demand is very poor and quotations al- most nominal. Weather is very warm and the consumption of honey is very small. Plenty of fruit, and hence the appetite is sat- isfied with same in preference. Later on we expect an Improved demand for honey of all kinds. Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 14^@15c.: No. 1 white. 12!4@13c. Extracted, white. 6@7c.; amber. 4^4@5Hc. Beeswax, 22 ©250. There is not very much honey In our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair in this line this fall. New York, N. Y , Dec. 31 —Fancy white. Il@l2c.; fair white. 9@lOc.; buckwheat. 7@ 8c. Extracted, white clover and basswood, 5@5i4c.; California, (ic. ; Southern, oOc. per gallon. Beeswax In lair demand at 26^270. The market is quiet and inactive. Demand light and plenty of stock on the market. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Comb honey, best white, 10(ai4c. Extracted, 4@6c. De- mand is slow; supply is fair. Beeswax is in fair demand at 23®35c. for good to choice yellow. San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 20.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, 0-7c. Extracted, white, 5-5i4c.: light amber, 4-4^c.; amber colored and candled. 33ic ; dark tule. 2-Kc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-25c. Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 20.— Fancy white comb. 14c.; No. 1 white. l.'i@14e.; fancy amber, 12-13c.; No. 1 amber, ll-lic; fancy dark. lO-llc; No. 1. 8-9o. Extracted, white. 6-6V4C.; amber, 5 5!^c.; dark. 4-4>4c. Bees- I wax, 23c. St. Iionis, Mo., Dec. 30.— Fancy white, I4c. No. 1 white, 12@i:!o.; fancy amber, ll@12c. No. 1 amber. 10@10!4c.; fancy dark, 9@9Hc., No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white, in cans, 6@7c.: in barrels. 3@5!4c.; amber,4^@434c dark. 3V4@4c. Beeswax, 26!4@27c. Baker stock of extracted honey, 4@3c ; stock very scarce. Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand. Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 31. — Fancy white. Il datlon, satlsiactorlly. promptly, and at the lowest price, send it to me. fS^ Write for Price-Llst and Samples. GUS DITTMER, AIGISTA, WIS. Please Send t7s the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of ihe Bee JouBNAX. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 80 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. February i, 1897. Bottom Prices BRING VS BIO TRADE. GOOD GOODS KEEP IT. If you want the beat Bupplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us tor low prices. 1897 Catalogue soon ready —ask for It and a free copy of The Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (36 pages). Address, THE ff.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE will keep your stock in and your neiglibor's out. Stray llug9, Cattle, Horses or Sheep can- not destroy your crops when you fence with the KEYSTONE. 25 to 68 inches high. Send for free book on fence congtrnctioo KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., No. 3 Kush St., Peoria, lU. Mcntian flie Amcrwar. Bcc Jci/frnal. •{• MONEY SAVED IS MONEY GAINED. •^ TBE ROYAL UNION Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy- is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and bold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents Wanted. JOHN B. KING. General Aqent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank BId'g, 20Atf CHICAGO, 1I.I.. Wc have a few of lliepe Emerson felitf cloth- board liinders for the American Hue Journal. They make a splendid permanent hindlng. and hold a full year's numbers. Tlic old price WHS 75 ets.. poslpuld. but we will mall you one for only 00 «'1h., or with the Bee Jourinil lor oue year— both totrelher lor $1 .50. GEOBGE W. YORK & CO.. CHICAGO, ILLS. BEESWAX WANTED FOR ^- Foundation Making. -- M I ^ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION, ADVICE TO BEGINNERS, Etc. Address, CHAS. DADANT & SON, When Answering this Advertisement, Mention this journal. Ask Yonr Friends to Take This Journal. PITEST WIEED COMB rODNDlTIOS A Has No Sag In Brood'Frames l|^ TIlin Fiat-Kottom FoundatioD I mmM Has ilo Fishbooe in tbe Snrplns Bone;. Belnfi the oleanest is usually workeo the qatokest of any Fonndatlon made J. VAN DEUSEN 6c SONS, Sole Manaf aoturerB, Spront Brook MontRomery Co.. N. Y. lWllfll'«! HONEY-EXTRACTOR I'll! Ill !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keeperb' Supplies in general, etc., etc Send for our new catalog. "Practical Hints " will be mailed for lOo. In stamps. Apply to— Chas. F. Mutli & Sou, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. ROOT'S GOODS ! 5??^^^^ Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Feb. 1. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Ho£fman Frames are simply " out of sight." Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896. Samples of the Now Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory aad Main. Office, MEDINA, O. br,ai>tch: OFFICEJS : IIM Iflfclii$;!in !^l., Ciiii-nso, III. H^yrnriisc, \. V. 102'1 9IU§. !!iir., SI. I'niil, 9Iiiiii. Mccliaiiic ritllii, Itlaiiie. 10 Vine SI., Pliiliidelpliia, Va. Mention Ote American lice Journal PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 37 th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 11, 1897 <» Price of Comb Honey vs. Extracted." BY G. II. DOOLITTLE. It is needless for me to say that I read the American Bee Journal with great interest, for it is indeed a "house full of meat." But there is now and then a thing which I read with more interest than X do others, and one of these things which has interested me exceedingly, is found in the report of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Convention, as given on page 22, under the above heading. The original question read, "How much per pound should consumers pay for extracted honey of the same grade, when comb honey sells to the consumers at 22 cents per pound." But in putting the question to the con- vention. Dr. Miller changed it from the original to, " At what price per pound for extracted will you be willing to change from comb honey at 22 cents, to produce extracted honey?" Then came answers of 10 cents, 11 cents, and 12}^ cents — one being In favor of 10 cents, four in favor of 11 cents, and four In favor of 12}^ cents. Now, I have been at a loss to know on what grounds the one calling 10 cents as right, based his calculations. Taking into consideration that there is greater value in the apiarist's labor, (or any which he may hire) in the summer months than in the winter months, and that the larger share of the labor when working for comb honey comes in the winter and fall months, while the labor in producing extracted honey comes very largely during the summer, I have always believed that the practical value of labor per colony differs very little be- tween producing extracted and comb honey. If this is a fact, and I hardly think It will be disputed, then the one answering 10 cents must have argued that he could produce more than double the amount of honey in the extracted form, from a given number of colonies, than he could of comb honey. Does any one believe this possible, and have that extracted honey of the same "grfuZe" as the comb honey? I do not. Then if we are right in the above calculations, the four that said " 1 1 cents," believed that just double of the same grade of honey could be produced in the extracted form that could be had in the comb form, Again, I ask, does any one agree, outside of those four ? I, for one, do not. Then, the last four say, " \'2}4 cents." They come a little nearer to my figures, but I consider that they are much out of the way. From the years of experience which I have had, if we would produce extracted honey of the same ijrade (and this was the original question) as comb honey, said honey must stay on the hive till fully ripened or sealed over, the same as the comb honey ; for It is not admissible to take that from the hive before it is sealed over. Remaining thus on the hive, I never have been able to obtain more than a quarter more in extracted honey than in comb honey ; but when extracting the honey every third day, or before scarcely any was sealed over, X have been able to double the number of pounds over comb honey ; and when leaving till partly sealed over, as was the custom when the extractor first came to notice, I could obtain fully one-third more. But the honey is to be of the same grade, so I have only a quarter more in pounds for the same value In labor, to figure on. Ilence, as a quarter of 22 cents is 5}^ cents, which taken from the 22 cents would leave 16M cents, we have this as the figure at which we can sell extracted honey of the same grade, when comb honey is selling at 22 cents. If I have made any mistake In this figuring, I should like to have some of the readers of the American Bee Journal show wherein, for in these things lie our " bread and butter," quite largely. At this point, Mr, Baldridge notices that the convention had drifted away from the original question, (as bee-keepers are very prone to do, and in thus drifting they almost always drift onio something often of more importance than to have stuck to the original question) and so rises to a point of order, and calls for the original question. Again, Dr. Miller, with his fatal " don't know," (which, as a rule, always brings our some- thing unique, whether at a bee-convention or in the bee-pa- pers) tries to state the question, but this time he gets it thus: "When comb honey sells to consumers at 22 cents per pound, how ranch per pound should consumers pay for extracted honey, of the same grade ?" Now we have the thing in a still different light, and in that light I am going to shock the readers, undoubtedly, by saying. Just what the apiarist asks for his extracted honey. Why not? What is there to hinder ? Have I not a perfect right to charge just what I please for my production? And as I now have my honey in a shape where it will keep for years and years, up to centuries, why shall I not fix whatever price I please on it, and cease producing any more till I have sold what I have on hand, at figures placed to suit my station In life. But I am met with, " Some one will undersell you." Well, then I will take Mr. Baldridge into my confidence, and I will, with him, form a corporation, and we together will Influence others to go in with us, till we have a monopoly of all the honey in the extracted form in the United States. And then, as time progresses, if Canada Interferes, we'll influence Congress in our behalf, and that body, together with the Sen- ate and the President, will give us a protective tariff so high that the Canadians cannot afford to pay it, and thus they will not interfere to any great extent. But as those Canucks are a determined set, it will propably be better to take Mr. Mc- Knlght and a few others in with us; and then we'll go over the water and get Messrs. Cowan, Gravenhorst, Tipper, etc., till we can control the extracted honey, and make our price for it, throughout the whole world. IVow we can control the production, and thus maintain a price, just as high as it is possible, and not have the seventeen hundred million people of the earth go to using something else In the place of our ex- tracted honey. Is this not a right answer to that last ques- tion of Dr. Miller's? If not, why not? It is only in line with the California Bee-Keepers' Exchange project, and such men as Prof. Cook, Dr. Gallup, J. H. Martin, and others, whose names I love, tell us said Exchange is to our interest. If any whose names X have mentioned think there is any flaw in this plan, will they please point It out ? for we can only succeed by a concert of action, a unity of purpose. But this article Is already too long, and I have not said half what I wish to say, so I will defer the rest to some other time. Meantime, I request that the reader go carefully over all that was said on pages 22 and 23, under the heading, 82 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 11, " Price of Comb Honey vs. Extracted," for there is much there which is of profit to all who read it, if they will only put their best thought into the matter. Onondaga Co., N. Y. ^ Age at Which Youug Bees Work Outside. BY B. J. C. .During the summer of 1895 I made some e.xperiments, to determine the earliest age at which the young honey-bee can fly out and carry food or honey into the hive. My atten- tion was called to the subject as follows : I had four very strong colonies of Italian bees, and one morning at the commencement of the basswood honey-flow I noticed that the ground in front of these hives was thickly strewn with young bees, which, from their appearance, I sup- posed to have been not more than 24 hours out of their cells. They were jumping along in grasshopper fashion ; about the third or fourth jump they would rise and fly away. This con- tinued for three or four days. At first I thought this an un- natural procedure, but when I saw those young bees return- ing to the hive loaded almost to their utmost capacity with food, I concluded that their procedure was both natural and reasonable, for the season was bad for the bees, and honey scarce. So they were determined to gather it "while the sun shined." After a careful investigation, I was confirmed in my conclusion. One of the above-mentioned hives has been, for almost three years, on the window-sill in my room, near my writing table, and when the sun shone through the window, and the rays would fall directly into the hive, I frequently removed the cover to make observations. As the rays of the sun kept up the temperature of the hive, the cell-builders would con- tinue their work for a short time, but as they appeared to get the material from a cluster of bees on the inside top of the cover, I would replace the cover as soon as I had observed the kind of bees at work on the cells, which appeared to be all old ones. I also observed that the old bees, in some cases, used force to compel the young ones to fly out. As I could not determine the exact age of those young field-workers, and what they effected, I continued my investi- gations by weighing the hives. The four which displayed so much energy tipt the scales at 100 and more pounds, while the others did not weigh more than 30 or 40 pounds. To settle the other point in question, I sent to a queen- breeder and procured six yellow queens, one of which I put into a strong colony of blacks, Aug. IT, 1895, from which I had removed the black queen the day previous. Twenty- three days later the young yellow bees were out in front of the hive. The next day I made about eight gallons of sugar syrup and put it in the feed troughs ; as there was not much abroad for them to get, they were soon at work on the home supply, and the three and four days old yellow bees were doing their share of the work — about two to one in favor of the •blacks; but the following day I think the yellow ones had the majority. The next day— the 26th after the yellow queen had been put into the aforesaid hive — the last black bee had disap- peared, except four or five dead ones in the portico, and the young yellow bees were working as strongly as the bees in the neighboring hives. I am certain, from the above experiments, that the young honey-bee is capable of doing field-work on the 4th day after issuing from the cell, and It is quite probable on the Brd day. Also, that the yellow and black bees will not live long together in the same hive, unless the hive Is large, and each kind has its own queen. Whether the blacks were expelled by the yellows, or whether they left on their own accord, I cannot say. The case is difi'erent with the hives of Italian bees into which I put yellow queens, as they have up to the present continued to live in peace. The above observations may apply only to the bees of this locality; for, if I mistake not, I read In some bee-papers that the young bee remained in the hive 10 days after Issuing from the cell, and died of old age 45 days from hatching, which, I presume, applies only to the bees In the place In which the writer resides, as I am positive that the bees of northern In- diana have a longer lease of life, and do field-work at a much earlier age; and, from experiments and observations I am quite certain that not one in a hundred of the workers die of old age, but, like soldiers In active service, are swept ofT by sickness and violent deaths before their natural course is run. St. Joseph Co., Ind. California Bee-Keeping — Honey-Adulteration. BY L. T. HABPER. My wife and self came to California in the spring of 1893 (for our health) from southeastern Dakota, and after conclud- ing to make this State our future home, I began to look around for a small investment, that would give me something to do, and a reasonably fair prospect of some income every year. I was told by a good many that had been in the bee- business a number of years, that they had never had a total failure of honey. I had had no experience with bees, except a few that I had in box-hives, with Quinby's book for an in- structor, in southern Minnesota, in the years of 1873 to 1875; sol sent for " A B C of Bee-Culture," and went to studying up. In February, 1894, I bought out an apiary of 96 colonies in good condition, with plenty of stores to carry them along until the spring blossoms. The apiary being in the foothills, 12 miles from this place, we moved right up there, so as to be able to give them all the attention they needed. We were told we would probably need about 50 more double hives than we already had, so we bought the lumber at a mill here (" sugar pine " as they call it), and had it worked up in shape to nail together ; and by April 10 I had them all made up and ready for business. But the business did not come that year. My son, who was to assist, staid until we saw there was not going to be any extracting to do, then lookt up other work. I staid with the bees until Aug. 1, not getting a pound of surplus honey, and but one swarm, but the bees gathered enough to keep them through until another season without feeding. In the spring of 1895 we started into the honey season with 74 colonies, most of them in fairly good condition. I was taken sick in March, and was able to do but very little with the bees. My son did all the work (except a little help from me in swarming-time, and about .518 worth of help in extracting), without having any practical experience, except the little he helpt me the spring before. The bees just about doubled in numbers of colonies, and gave us about 9J^ tons of extracted honey. The past year, 1896, you are aware Southern California had practically no honey. Some thought, early, that we were going to have something of a crop, and extracted almost all there was in the upper story. But I think nearly, if not quite all, had to feed that much back, and probably more, too. I know of no bee-keeper around here that has not, or will not, have to feed to carry his bees through. THE ADULTERATION OF HONEY. I have been very much interested in the discussion of adulterated honey. The more so, as I had a little experience a year or so ago in selling honey in South Dakota, Iowa and Illinois. I found no pure honey put up and sold by the job- bers ; nearly every one seems to know that extracted (or " strained honey," as most of them call it) is being adulterated. But very few really know whether it is or not, unless they have the pure honey to make the comparison. To illustrate : I stopt over night in a little town in South Dakota. At one table the next morning two traveling men and myself were seated. The griddle cakes were brought on, and one of the men took some of the contents of a tumbler that had a small piece of comb honey submerged in it, and spread it on his cakes. After tasting it, he remarkt that that was pretty fair honey. So I took a little to see just how much honey there was about it. I carried a small bottle for a sample in my breast-pocket. I handed it to him, remarking that If he called that good I would like to have him try mine. He poured out a little on his plate, and, after tasting it, said that he did not believe there was any honey in the glass except the little piece of comb we could see. In Davenport, Iowa, I went into a grocery, and told the lady behind the counter that I had some California extracted honey that I would like to show her. She said she had some honey she bought just a few days before. She had it in a 6- quart tin pail, and a little taken out into glasses. I askt per- mission to taste it ; then askt her to taste of the sample I carried. After doing so she lookt at me (with rather a sad countenance) and said: "I am afraid there is not much honey about that I have." There are tons of bogus honey being disposed of in another way that I have not seen mentioned in the Bee Jour- nal or elsewhere. There were men all over Iowa last fall operating as follows : They would go into a town and hunt up board In a private family where they could have the kitchen stove in the evening. They put 50 pounds of sugar into a boiler, and water enough to make a good syrup; and after it is well dissolved, they take four one-pound sections of 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 83 comb honey and cut it all up fine, and stir it Into the boiler of syrup. Then at some stage they add tartaric acid to Ifeep It from granulating (I am told). They start out In the morning with the syrup in a deep milk-can, with a long-handled pint dipper, and represent themselves as living in the country and as having " strained honey " of their own production to sell ! They sold, on an average, in Waterloo, where I first heard of them, from 40 to 50 pounds a day, at 12K cents per pound. They were selling the same in Davenport, when I was there. I went into a grocery house in Rock Island, III., and saw quite a lot of glasses set up in a conspicuous place, markt "Honey.'' In some of them you could see a little piece of comb honey, and some none. Some of them were labeled. I askt the clerk if they sold much of it, and he said they had disposed of quite a good deal. It was not all labeled anything more than the word "Honey," but I pickt out one labeled as follows: "Pure California white clover strained honey; Franklin McVeagh, Chicago, 111." You see I was curious to know just how California white clover honey tasted, and I must say that it does not have any of the flavor of the white clover honey east of the Rockies, and I am afraid that any one that buys it will " go back on " California honey — espe- cially " white clover honey." Riverside Co., Calif., Dec. 24. [It there is one subject above all others that needs atten- tion just now, it is that of honey-adulteration. We must have a national pure food law enacted mighty soon, or the business of pure honey production will be ruined forever. The shame- less adulterators are constantly at work, and will so continue until compelled to stop by the enforcement of a rigid anti- adulteration law. The United States Bee-Keepers' Union has a big job ahead of it. It will require the uniud efforts and funds of all bee-keepers to win in this fight. But it is well worth undertaking — in fact, bee-keepers cannot afford to sub- mit longer without soon finding their occupation gone. What are you going to do about it? — Editor.] % Instinct or Reason in Insects — Which ? BV PKOF. A. J. COOK. Before the publication of Darwin's great book on the "Or- igin of Species," and prior to the dawn of the new light with which it illuminated all nature, it was almost universally be- lieved, and as generally taught, that only man thought, planned, and reasoned — all the lower animals were governed by instinct. While some may have doubted regarding the ac- tions of the higher vertebrate animals, no one thought it at all a question that the moving cause in the life-habits and econo- my of all invertebrate animals was instinct. It was taught in our natural history literature that the bird built its first nest with the same exactitude and in the same style that it built all its subsequent nests. Naturalists were even more sure that each species of ant, bee, or moth, was a sort of animated au- tomaton, that always ran out Its little round of life in precisely the same manner as all its ancestry had done before it. It was wound up at birth ; and simply lived to unwind just as all similar forms have run down in all the long past. Among the many good fruits that came from Darwin's new view of creation, was the huge interrogation point that It placed after this whole idea of instinct. Men wondered if it were true that animals below man were mere automatons. Animal psychology was brought into existence and the views held regarding the springs to action in the lower realms of life were soon reconstructed. Men learned that reason and intel- ligence, in the lower life forms, must be invoked to explain the phenomena that were brought to light by the deeper insight into animal habits and actions. Even a show of ethics, often however with dimmest coloring, was thought to be discovered by a close observation of the life-habits even of insect life. The great Romanes found that his dog could be taught to count ; and the astounding performances of the ant-colony, kept and studied in his library by Sir John Lubbock in the in- tervals of his arduous Parliamentary labors, had led all read- ers of his facinating " Ants, Bees, and Wasps " to marvel at the wondrous performances of these highest of hexapodous animals. In the study of insects, we often discover methods of ac- tion that demonstrate not only mental traits of no mean char- acter, but ways that strongly simulate moral actions. We al- so see evidence of sense perception that surpasses anything known to human experience. It is my purpose in what fol- lows to call attention to some of these characteristics. The coddling-moth, parent of the apple-worm, which lat- ter pest is familiar to all lovers of the apple everywhere throughout our country, is not high in the scale of insect life ; yet it evinces no slight possession of business sense, and even observes one of the Ten Commandments. This little grey moth, hid by its very color as It rests by day on the russet bark of the apple-tree, flits forth at the dawn of nightfall, to drop her three or more score of eggs where her babycaterpil- lars may find, even at birth, a full larder of most toothsome viands. The young forming fruit is now straight from the stem, with Its calyx-basin uppermost. The persistent calyx- leaves seem like so many protecting stakes about this shallow basin. All below is smooth and precipitous. Any baby cater- pillar would be safe in the wind-rockt cradle — the calyx-basin; safer because of the green calyx-leaves, which would gird it round and hold it in. The eggs might be washt off by rain or pickt up by bird or egg-loving insect, except that they were lodged in this same protecting basin, and hid by the same calyx-leaves. Even little Moses was not better concealed or more skillfully protected. Any such action by man, as the placing of these eggs, so warily and skillfully, would be prais- ed as a fine example of wisdom and caution. But this is not all ! As the little mother-moth peers into the calyx-cup to see if all is safe for the egg, she may perchance discover by sight of an egg, wee caterpillar, or burrow, showing that the little larva had already entered the fruit — that some sister had al- ready pre-empted that egg-depository. She lays no eggs, but at once flits away to other fruit. She says in the most elo- quent language — action: "I will not covet the wee fruit mor- sel, of my neighbor's little one, for my own yet unhatcht;I will respect its rights." The plum curculio is a weevil or snout-beetle. The wee- vils are such beetles as have their heads prolonged into a snout or rostrum. At the end of this beak are their sharp jaws. The plum curculio wishes to place her eggs on or about the plum, so that baby curculio may enter and feed on the luscious plum pulp. Here there is no calyx-cup with a protecting crown of sepals — all is smooth, glistening rind. If she place her egg on the smooth plum peal, rain will wash it far from its base of supplies, or some hungry bird may snap it up. If she bore into the flesh of the growing fruit, the very growth of the plum will crush the delicate egg. She provides against either catastrophe, by inserting her beak and cutting a cres- cent, which hangs by the peel at one side. And into this she places the precious egg. Thus growth of the plum is stopt, and danger of the egg being crusht prevented ; the egg is firmly held, and is concealed from sharpest eyes of bird or in- sect. Such provision for safety of offspring we praise and ad- mire, as marks of intelligence and civilization among our own kind ; why withhold a similar meed of praise to the little, astute curculio ? In an article written for "Student Life" last year, I showed how the yucca-moth rolls up pollen and places it on the stigma of the flower, with no purpose so far as we can dis- cover, except to fructify the blossom. If the flower was not thus artificially pollinated, no seed would develop, and the lar- va of the yucca-moth would starve. Here we have forethought and skill that is only matcht by that of the Itith century man. We welcome the frugal, industrious, producing foreigner to America. We are beginning to consider seriously an inter- dict of the immigration to our land of all others. The bees were long our superiors in the discovery of this wise principle of political economy. Woe betide the bee whose temerity leads it to attempt an entrance into the hive of another colony, ex- cept it carry with it a full load of honey. In such case the other bees at once attack it, and usually death is the price of its venture. If, on the other hand, it enter fully stockt with provisions, it receives a hearty welcome. The death rate in our cities is becoming greatly les- sened in these last few years. Tbe major reason is greater cleanliness. Decaying matter is burned or buried. Bees taught us this lesson, and have practiced beyond our latest and best performance for ages. Suppose a great bumble-bee attempts to pilfer from an open hive ; the bees pounce upon him, and he is soon a corpse. They then lay hold of him, and attempt to drag him forth from the hive. If the entrance is too small, they will still tug away, till they have removed every vestige of hair. What then ? They cannot remove it, and they cannot brook the presence of filth ; so with their bee-glue they bury the offending corpse. I have also found the carcass of a mouse similarly entombed in this same kind of an hermetic sepulchre. Solomon might have said : " Go to the bee, thou sufferer, and learn of her, sanitary wisdom." The ants as the highest of insects, furnish many aud won- drous examples of wisdom, skill. Intelligence and thought. Ants have long held slaves, have long kept domesticated ani- mals— their milch cows — to minister to their wants. They 84 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 11. care for these as assiduously as we do for our kine. The ants plan their nests with reference to water, which is yet a thinp of the future, when the entire land is dry and parcht. Then ants take their stored grain out to dry when it Is wet by the storms, so that mildew will not destroy it. They clear land, plant and harvest crops, and even keep pets. They will per- mit any ant of their own family to milk their cows, but woe to the luckless ant from another tribe that attempts this petty larceny. Bees, wasps and ants will die for their home and kindred without a wince. If patriotism is among the highest of virtues, and sacrifice of life for country and kin the highest exemplification of patriotism, then shall we say that virtue is found only among the human species? Hundreds of examples might be given of insect habits and economy that cannot be explained except that we grant these humble creatures of Nature the possession of intelligence. 1 can only give one example to illustrate the wondrously delicate sense perception possest by insects. I have reared a single female moth in a large room and have had over one hun- dred males of the same species come in through an open win- dow, though the opening would hardly more than admit one's hand. There are cases on record where, in like case, male moths have come down a stove-pipe to gain admittance into a room. Professor Lintner of Albany, N. Y., told me that he reared a female moth in a closed room, and upon going out the door he saw a large number of the males flying about the house. This recognition must come through the sense of smell, yet I have never been able to discover the least odor. Physicists tell us that insects can hear sounds which are en- tirely inaudible to us. May it not be, then, one of the missions of the study of these lower life forms to exalt our appreciation of their habits and character ; and at the same time make us more humble and teachable? Los Angeles Co., Calif. ^ Notes and Commeuts on Florida. BY MK8. L. HAKRISON. This is the sixth winter that I've lived at this place, and during this time I've received many letters from bee-keepers, seeking information and asking my advice as to whether it would be best for them to move their bees to Florida, and come here to reside. If I remember correctly (and I think I do), VV. S. Hart, of Volusia Co., Fla., advised all such to come and visit the State and spend at least one season here before moving. Whenever I sail around this lovely Bay, or walk in the piney woods, I see evidences of wasted money aud labor. Peo- ple came here, built a house, grubbed land, planted trees, and fenced them, and when their money was exhausted, left the country, not deeming it worth while to close windows or doors. While traveling I meet tourists who spend the winter in dif- ferent parts of Florida, and they tell the same story. I think that there are localities in Florida that cannot be surpast in the production of honey. Wewahltchka — other- wise known as the Dead Lakes — is one of them ; and where the black mangrove thrives are others. W. S. Hart told the writer, before I came to Florida, that the best honey-districts were very malarious, and abounded in annoying insects, and my observations verify the truth of it. There is a resident here who formerly lived in Ohio, and who traveled around that State introducing the Langstroth hive, and transferred combs from gums and boxes into mov- able frames. Two or three years ago this gentleman told me that honey could be produced here at a profit If it only sold for five cents per pound. On my return In December I askt him, '-How are the bees?" He said, "Don't know. All gone." I inquired of others whom I knew had kept bees, and some said, "Worms ate them up." I called one day at the home of the OhIoan, and went out to the apiary. It was a little paradise — enclosed with a low picket fence, and the tasty, painted Langstroth hives rested upon a platform under a shed. I opened the gate, and going within I knockt upon the hives. All the occupants had gone, except at one, where only a few answered my summons. This was the loveliest apiary I ever saw, with its pretty white fence, and quince trees growing within. What became of the bees ? Starved ! There was a severe drouth, commencing in April and lasting until to-day (Dec. 20), when a heavy rain fell. There were a few light showers only. I'm told that in the back country there was more rain. There are many different kinds of soil here, located on a quarter section of land. I'm located between two salt water bayous; the soil (If you may call it thus) Is yellow sand. Spruce pines nod their plumes, and shed their needles upon my roof. It is high pine land, with that wonderful plant — saw-palmetto — interspersed with scrub oaks growing beneath. In the distance may be seen magnolias and ti-ties, showing that there is rich, black soil at their feet. In the silvery waters of the bay, the finest fish and oysters can be had — not for the asking, but the taking. On its banks may be seen the magnificent live-oaks, clothed in Nature's drapery — the moss of Southern climes. Many pensioned soldiers have taken homesteads around this Bay. The inhabitants are generally from the North, who live here not because they can make money, but they have found health and freedom from pain, and can enjoy life better here than anywhere else. The water is soft, and can be had with driven wells ; the air pure, balmy and resinous, from the pIney woods. Many rheumatics have buried their crutches in the sand ; catarrh washt away in the waters of the Bay, and kidney pains banisht to another clime. Washington Co., Fla. Report of the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Convention, Held at Mt. Pleasant. BV W. Z. HUTCHIKSOST. The Michigan bee-keepers held their annual convention Jan. 1 and 2, at Mt. Pleasant. This town is decidedly the home of that famous honey-plant, the willow-herb. Bee- keepers in that vicinity reported bountiful crops. Most of them had secured as much as 100 pounds of surplus comb honey per colony. Had it not been for ti.e weather, which was rainy, making the roads very bad, the local attendance would have been very large. As it was, the convention was the best attended that a Michigan convention has enjoyed in several years. Pres. Aspinwall called the meeting to order at 7:30 p.m., and then read the following paper on THE WINTERING OF BEES. In the realm of invention success is only obtained, When each part and each movement bends to the end that is gained. — L. A. A. So In wintering of bees — hive construction — including thickness of walls, packing, ventilation, and entrance protec- tion against drafts of cold air ; also quantity and arrangement of the food supply and strength of the colony, are requisites bending to the one end — successful wintering. To exclude any one of these requisites will detract from uniformly suc- cessful results. With hives of the proper construction con- taining sufficient stores, bees may be wintered in the most exposed situations; and it matters not whether the hives face the north, south, east or west, like results will follow. I shall treat this subject in reference to outdoor wintering, considering it as I do far in advance of any indoor method. The transcendent feature of outdoor wintering, is that of un- restricted flight ; and with indoor methods, there is no com- pensation for its loss, even when the winters are extremely severe, and the periods of confinement long. In considering the requisites for successful wintering. It may be well to note that success is frequently hinged upon very small things. The neglect in attending to the small affairs of life is sure to bring about disaster. The matter of packing between hive-walls Is not new, and with the most complete outfit in that line, disastrous results have occurred ; hence, the skepticism In reference to success- ful outdoor wintering. The uncertain results attendant upon the use of well-packt hives, has given rise to questions as to the advisability of sealed covers, upward ventilation, passage-ways through the combs and above the frames — (the latter being afforded by Hill's device), size and shape of the frames. Such questions imply a want — a lack of some re- quisite. Let us consider these points for a moment. With the accumulation of moisture, upward ventilation has been recom- mended as a means of carrying it off ; and by the use of sealed covers, others claim that the animal warmth of the colony Is best conserved. Again, others would have the combs pro- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 85 vided with passage-ways through or above them to permit the outer portions of the cluster from freezing or starving. For a colony to live in either a moist or cold atmosphere is at the expense of its vitality. If by an upward current the moisture is carried off, a correspondiug evil presents itself in a lower temperature; and altho strong colonies may survive these couditlons, fatalities will frequeutly occur among the weaker ones. If we carefully consider the cause of moisture within the hive, possibly we shall be able to prevent it. The law of dif- fusion of gases in our atmosphere, also includes moisture which is known as watery vapor. Its diffusion is clearly manifest during damp weather, when it penetrates our homes, causing doors and drawers to be much swollen. Cool surfaces and cool currents of air cause its condensation ; conversely, with a condition of warmth no moisture is visible, it beine held in suspension. Within the hive, cold walls condense, not only that which is produced by exhalations of the colony, but by the general diffusion, bringing it from without. Inasmuch as cold surfaces and cold currents of air cause condensation, the converse condition should prevent it. So, by the application of packing on all sides, as well as top and bottom, we largely overcome the surface condensation ; and by a vestibule entrance, the currents of cold air are prevented. I use from six to eight inches of sawdust in the tray covering my hives, which not only prevents any upward current of air, but thoroughly retains the warmth. As additional security I use closed-end frames, which conserve the warmth of the col- ony between each range of combs. With single-wall hives, the moisture must be carried off by a slow upward current of air, otherwise the sides and bottom-board will become saturated, compelling the colony to endure a condition which is disastrous to its vitality. As to passage-ways through the combs, there is a differ- ence of opinion. However, my experience leads me to con- clude that they are unnecessary. It is true they afford an opportunity for an outer portion of the cluster to reach an adjacent inner comb-space, if the bees happen to be located directly over the passage-way, and the weather is warm ; otherwise they serve no purpose. It should be understood that the spherical form of the cluster is maintained by the tendency of each bee to reach the warmest locality. No knowledge of their location or condition as to queenlessness or otherwise is brought into requsition — it is simply a gravitating to the warmest locality, opposite an inner and larger circle of bees occupying an adjacent comb- space. During the average winter weather passage-ways through the combs are of no avail, and the same is true of Hill's de- vice, or passage-ways above the frames. Any space above the frames is contrary to nature ; the bees invariably close all openings at the top of the hive, thus preventing any escape of warmth so necessary in cold weather. A colony to pass the winter successfully should remain clustered between the same combs tliey occupied in November until spring. When so clustered each comb occupied should contain sufficient honey for the entire period of confinement. This being advisable, no passage-ways will be required, providing the proper tem- perature is maintained. I am still an advocate for ample winter stores. No colony should have less than 30 or 35 pounds. Let us bear in mind that with all the necessary precaution as to warmth and pro- tection against drafts of cold air, a deficiency of stores is likely to cause disaster. Modern hives with brood-chambers equal to the laying capacity of the queen, are considered best for obtaining sur- plus honey. Such, however, are not the best for wintering — the stores are usually insullicient. When all breeding is over for the season, the central combs are often deficient in stores. Here a good, practical feeder comes into requisition — one that can be used during the cold nights of October — one that will work successfully with thick syrup. Nothing is gained by compelling the bees to evaporate a large amount of water. I use about one quart of water to every 1-4 pounds of the best confectioners' A sugar. When early feeding is practiced thin syrup may be used ; but later, empty brood-combs will neces- sitate further feeding. I have touched upon feeding because it is a necessity with the limited comb surface of modern hives. With hives double in size, or much larger than the laying capacity of the queen, no feeding would be necessary in ordinary seasons. However, such would not be adapted to the production of honey. L. A. AsriNWAi.L. T. F. Bingham — Why must the bees have so much honey ? Pres. Aspinwall — The bees often eat out the honey from the central combs, unless they are well filled, and then if the weather continues cold there is no opportunity of changing over to other combs. In the spring the bees breed up faster if there Is abundance of honey in the hive. They are like human beings, if they have a good bank account they are not afraid to launch out and do business. W. Z. Hutchinson — Did I understand you to say that you used 14 pounds of sugar to one quart of water 1 Quinby says 5 pounds of sugar to one quart of water for making feed for fall use. Pres. Aspinwall — Yes, I use 14 pounds of sugar (confec- tioners' A) to one quart of water. Mr. Hutchinson — How thick a syrup does it make ? Pres. Aspinwall — So thick that when it cools on top it is thick like candy. I feed it when slightly warm. It is fed in a feeder that comes right over the cluster. And, by the way, with such syrup as this, I don't care whether it is sealed or not. There is no advantage in giving bees a lot of water to evaporate. I feed until the bees will take no more. Mr. Bingham — If 20 pounds of food will bring a colony through the winter, why give them more than that to keep warm ? Pres. Aspinwall — I am not sure that they do keep it all warm. Mr. Bingham — I prepared my bees for winter last fall by furnishing each colony with 20 pounds of food, or rather, the bees and food weighed 20 pounds. If a colony had more than that amount it was taken away ; if less, it was given enough to bring it up to 20 pounds. I expect that they will come through all right. I think it is actually injurious, many times, to have too much honey in the hive in winter. It is better to give the bees enough to bring them through the winter, and then feed them in the spring if any should need it. Pres. Aspinwall — I don't want to be bothered with feed- ing bees in the spring. I wish to be able to prepare them for winter, and then not have to open a hive again, or look after them until the harvest approaches. Mr. Hutchinson — I used to weigh my bees in the fall, and feed all of the colonies in which there was not enough food to weigh 20 pounds. I never lost any from starvation. I have weighed them when wintered in the cellar, and the average consumption was about 9 pounds per colony. T. J. Fordyce — I winter my bees packt in planer shavings. I have it as thick as 18 inches on top. Colonies with a large entrance winter better than those with a small one. H. S. Wheeler — My experience is the same. Pres. Aspinwall — I am enabled to use a small entrance because I have an ante-chamber that catches the dead bees. Mr. Bingham — My hive entrance in winter is only % of an inch long, and high enough to allow a drone to be dragged out. But my hive has a rim under it. The rim is K of an inch high, and remains there the year round. The entrance is above the rim, and thus it is not clogged with dead bees. I once used a deeper rim, but the bees built comb beneath, and I discarded it for the shallower rim. Mr. Fordyce — I have wintered bees very successfully In the cellar. When brought out in the spring they were Just about as heavy as when put in, in the fall. The stores were usually basswood and willow-herb. Mr. Hutchinson — This matter of stores plays a very im- portant part. The Wilkins sisters were very successful In wintering bees, and I have always thought that the character of the stores had much to do with their success. Mr. Bingham — Fifteen years ago, when we were all losing bees, men living near these ladies lost bees, but they lost very few. Mr. Hutchinson— If that is true, then their plan may be of Interest. Each colony is packt in chaff on its summer stand. The chaff is from four to six inches thick on the sides, and perhaps six inches deep on top. Just over the brood-nest, above the packing, in the cover, is an opening 8 or 10 inches square. This is covered with wire-cloth to keep out the mice. Over this is a roof that keeps out the storms. Great care is taken that the entrances are kept free from snow. POOR EXTRACTED HONEY. Mr. Bingham called attention to some of the talk that took place at the recent Chicago, or Illinois, convention, in which bee-keepers were advised to pour off the thin honey or water that rises on the top of candied honey, allow the rest to "drain off" and then melt up the solid honey that is left, and the result will be something very choice. Mr. Bingham de- plored the fact that such talk as this should be indulged in and be publisht, thus giving the impression that candied honey is usually found in this condition. Only honey extracted be- fore it is ripe, or that has been improperly treated, is to be found in such a condition. We take a great deal of pains to put up our extracted honey in fine shape, with fancy, gilt 86 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Pel. 11, labels, etc., and then talk about improving the quality of our honey by pouring off the watery part and melting up the solid part! It would look as though some of those who are talking about extracted honey really don't know what good extracted is. If we are to hold our trade in extracted honey it must be of the finest quality ; extracted only when fully ripened, and then shut up where it cannot lose Its aroma, nor absorb water. When this is done there will be no more talk about pouring off the thin, watery honey that rises on top of granu- lated honey. Next came a paper by Mr. T. F. Bingham, of Clare Co., entitled, PKINCIPLES IN APICULTURE. Owing to my peculiar relation personally to this subject, I shall be compelled to introduce my own name, which I beg you to excuse. I do this not entirely in an egotistical light, though I am proud of my inventions, but as a matter of his- tory. We all wish to know how those things which have been a pleasure to us have come about. The first practical embodiment of a principle is regarded as an invention. The person so embodying a principle is re- garded as an inventor; for instance, Mr. Porter, the inven- tor of the bee-escape. It is said that 4,500 years ago the Chinese computed accurately eclipses. If so, the ancestors of Confucius were not only an ancient people, but a studious people. The earth was supposed to be flat. People coasted about the ocean's shore in boats. Not until the 13th century was the magnetic needle sufficiently known to be relied on for any considerable voyage. Columbus made the first remarkable voyage of dis- covery in which the compass played so important a part. The early practical management of bees seems to have made little progress except in the size and form of comb honey receptacles. Numerous bee-books and bee-hives have been patented, but the pursuit wore a mysterious and superstitious air. It was envelopt in traditions and beliefs. It had, how- ever, made substantial progress. Until the invention of the hanging movable-comb frame, by the Rev. L. L. Langstroth, and the publication of his most excellent bee-book, " The Hive and Honey-Bee," no important embodiment of principle en- tered into bee-hive construction, and progress was slow and full of doubt and belief. His invention and research gave to the practical bee-keeper and student a book containing all that is known of the natural history of the honey-bee, and markt and epoch in American apiculture. Supposed inven- tions sprung up like magic. T. F. Bingham, in 1866, em- bodied the raovable-comb principle in the closed-end movable- comb frame. It was never popular, but it has survived. The lamented M. Quinby regarded the invention of such value that he embodied it in his hive, and the most extensive and skillful comb-honey producers in the world use it. .lames Heddon adopted it In a hive which is extensively used as a comb-honey hive. The honey extractor, as applied to bee-keeping, was first embodied by Hruschka. In implements of the apiary no one has gone through such diversified evolution as the bellows bee-smoker. Bellows bee- smokers lying flat on their sides were brought to this country by German bee-keepers before the invention of movable-comb frames. The lamented M. Quinby raised the horizontal Ger- man bellows bee-smoker to a perpendicular Quinby bee- smoker. The draft of the German and Quinby was probably about alike. The German had a vent-hole slide, which could be opened when not In use. The Quinby draft was through an open valve and the bellows. It is reasonable to suppose that either of them would lose fire if not frequently puft, and that fire could only be maintained In either of them except by using dry, rotten wood or cotton rags. The continuous direct draft or Bingham bellows bee- smoker embodied the natural draft principle of a common wood-stove, and in iio respect differed from it. Of course, it would burn sound wood or anything else, just as well as any stove In your parlor or kitchen. Opposite this open draft, but separated from it, the exhaust of the bellows pointed directly Into the open draft. The blast from the bellows was forced across this open space into the draft current which was con- tinually supplying the air necessary for the fire. This ar- rangement not only forced the natural draft and the air con- tained in the bellows Into the stove, but carried with it a stream of air which continually prest itself forward to fill the vacuum caused by the blast, thus forcing from the smoker perhaps twice as much smoke as the bellows contained air. The principle was re-e-Tjbodied in the "Simplicity" smoker and the new Quinby smoker, while In Europe and Canada It was copied without limit. The honey extractor led up to the invention of the Bing- ham & Hetherington honey-knifc. Careful analysis developt the fact that the sticking of flat knives in uncapping honey was due to the exhaustion of air under the blade. The new embodiment of principle developt a wide, thick knife, having a sharp, single beveled edge, upon which the knife rested, admitting air as freely under as over the blade — freely to both sides. It was copied in Canada and Europe. It will be observed that while I have briefly alluded to the first embodiment of the principle underlying the various in- ventions cited, and with which you are all familiar, that the principle of the bent cap and cool handle first embodied by T. F. Bingham has not been mentioned. The principle has been copied as if It was a real invention in Europe and America. In counting up the inventions pertaining to bee-keeping which have been long tested, weighed In the balance and not found wanting, inventions which no one has been able to im- prove, or improve upon, I find no other State has made so many valuable inventions since the invention of the hanging movable-comb frame by the Rev. L. L. Langstroth, as has Michigan. T. F. Bingham. N. E. Doane — I have used both the Crane and the Bing- ham, but I see no particular difference. The Crane has a hinged cover, and is more convenient for me, as the Bingham cover sometimes drops off and it bothers me to find it as my eyesight is poor. For people with good sight, I presume that would not make much difference. Mr. Bingham — When bees are inclined to make trouble for the operator a great cloud of smoke coming from the wind- ward is a great comfort in keeping away robbers. A smudge in a kettle or pan, set down to the windward is a great thing. The bees seem to realize that there is "something in the air." It is to meet this need that I have made a new smoker. I call it the " Smoke Engine." It has a 4-inch barrel. Mr. Bingham had on exhibition one of his " Smoke Engines." (Concluded next week.) CONDUCTED BY DR. O. O. MILLBR. JSlARETiGO. ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Clarifying Honey-Vinegar. Please^say if you know tiow Mr. Cowan uses isinglass to clarify vinegar ; and what amount to the barrel of 45 or 50 gallons. I have about 15 barrels on hand, and would like to learn a quick way to settle it — so would others. " Skyke." Answer. — Sorry to say I don't know a thing about it. Who will help us? Seelion Starters and Weiglits— Separators. 1. In putting foundation starters in sections (taking Dadant's foundation as a sample) do you use thin or extra thin for the upper piece ? What weight for the lower piece ? 2. I use Heddon cases for sections, with pattern-slats 2 Inches wide for 2-inch sections. Cau I change to 1% section by using 's-lnch separators without changing bottom slats? 3. Your average weight of sections for your honey of 18ii6 was given in Gleanings at a little over 15 ounces each. With your system of using separators and two pieces of foun- dation, are the sections nearly all uniform, or do they vary much when filled ? 4. With your experience with separators, would you ad- vise others not using them, to make the change where the honey is partly sold in the home market, and some of it shipt to a distant market? H. E. M., Wisconsin. Answers. — 1. I use thin foundation for the upper starter, and have used the same for the lower, but It is more Inclined to lop over than foundation a shade heavier. Foundation with high side-walls does best for the lower starter. I think i8y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 87 extra thin would hardly do at all for bottom starters. If made deeper thau a half inch it would fall over badly, and if less than half an Inch the bees would likely gnaw down a good deal of it. Of late there has been some talis about foundation with cells J'4 or % lech deep, and If that ever comes on the market I think I should be willing to pay a high price for it to use as bottom starters. 2. I think you could, but I'm not very familiar with the matter. If you change from 2 Inches to 1% you will very likely want to change to Ij'i, audit maybe well for you to think whether you don't want to change to 1% In the first place. 3. There is more uniformity with sections tilled or nearly filled with foundation than where only small starters are used, and there is more uniformity with separators than without. But you will see that I'm dodging your question, and I hardly know how to answer it by saying yes or no. For I don't know for certain just what you may mean by " nearly all uniform." Very likely I'll come nearer making the right Impression by saying they are not nearly all uniform. For altho the great mass of my sections this year kept somewhere near 15 ounces each, some of them were as much as two ounces less and others as much more, making a total variation of a quarter of a pound. But there's no certainty that next year will give the same average weight. If honey comes in with a rush the sections will be heavier than with a light flow. Sections may be more plumply filled out early than late in the season, and Dice wersd. There may also be a difference in colonies under precisely the same circumstances, but I'm not sure of this. 4. Yes, I believe I would. Sections used with separators don't look so plump and well filled out, but for shipping they are almost a necessity, and even for the home market it is much easier to handle sections that are separatored without danger of damaging them. I thank you for the kind words in your accompanying letter, which I assure you are thoroughly appreciated. Questions on Wiring Frames. 1. How many of our bee-lights have seen, or personally know of, perpendicular wiring giving perfect satisfaction ? 2. What objections are sometimes brought against It, If any ? 3. How many wires are used "? ■i. Is the kerf practical with perpendicular wiring ? 5. How many prefer horizontal wiring? 6. Is the kerf practical with that ? E. P. Answers. — 1. Many frames have been filled with combs built on perpendicular wiring that have given good satisfaction. 2. If the bottom or top bar should be light, they will be bent or curved toward each other by means of stretching the wires tight. 3. That depends upon the length of the frame. Enough so the wires shall be about 2J^ inches apart, but the exact distance is not Important. 4. With perpendicular wiring yon cannot use a saw-kerf in the top-bar In which to insert the foundation. 5. At one time, most of the wiring was perpendicular, but perhaps one way is used as much as the other at the present time. 6. The saw-kerf in the top-bar works nicely with horizon- tal wiring. ^ Number of Frames in the Brood-Cliambcr. Does It make any particular difiference as to the number of brood-frames In a hive ? 1 have some box-hives, but there are only nine frames in them ? I have noticed that most hives have either eight or ten frames. I am much pleased with the American Bee Journal. C. H. P., Nebraska. Answer. — Very decidedly It makes a difference how many frames are in the brood-chamber. Many a wordy war has been waged as to what number is best, but perhaps no one would advise less than 5 Langstroth frames, nor more than 16. The great majority say 8 or 10, and very often to hear the discussions one would think that no other number could be used. Just why so few take the middle ground and adopt y frames is perhaps not easy to say. If half the number should say 8 was better than 10, and the other half should say that 10 was better than 8, it would seem the most reason- able thing in the world to conclude that U was about right. However, conditions and locations have something to do with it. As a rule, a larger number of frames are allowed for ex- tracted honey than for comb. Altho the large amount of dis- cussion as to size of hives has left the matter still unsettled, the probability Is that It has made the general feeling a little more favorable toward the larger hives than It was. It Isn't entirely clear just what you mean by saying you have " box-hives" with frames In them. As generally used, the term "box-hives" means hives without movable frames In them. It Is true that most movable-frame hives are boxes, however, and used in that way you might speak of box-hives with frames to distinguish them from frame hives with bodies of straw. ^ I ^1 Im|>orllng Italian Queens. I would like to Import a queen or two from Italy next season. Can you give me the names of two or three extensive bee-keepers In northern Italy? Can you sell me one or two good queens after they lead out a swarm next summer — queens two or three years old, and daughters of Imported mothers? What would be the price? Indiana. Answer. — After spending considerable time in searching I have failed to find a single advertisement of a queen-breeder in Italy. I have no queens to sell, nor at present have I any known to be daughters of imported mothers. Paeking and Siiipping Bees. Please give full directions as to packing and when to ship bees. M. O., Kansas. Answer. — The manner of packing depends somewhat upon the kind of hive, and to some extent on the season of the year. They can be shipt any time In the year when bees are flying. If the weather is comparatively cool, as In spring and fall, they do not need so much ventilation as through the warm months There Is little danger, however, of giving too much ventilation at any time. Just how the ventilation can best be given depends upon the hive, but with almost any hive you can have the entire top covered with wire-cloth, and that makes the colony safe against smothering. If the weather is hot, the bees need a supply of water on their journey, which may be given by means of a sponge or a roll of rags saturated with water and placed on top of the frames. If the hive contains loose-hanging frames, these must in some way be made fast. This may be done by driving nails through the ends of the top-bars down Into the end of the hive, but the nails should not be driven in their entire depth, leaving the heads projecting so they can be drawn with a claw-hammer. When placed on the cars, let the frames run parallel with the track ; on a wagon they should run crosswise. moving Bees by Wagon and Railroad. I want to ship my bees about the last of April or first of May about 120 miles by freight. They have to be hauled 10 miles on a wagon to reach the loading statlou, and stay 24 hours in the car In transit. How much ventilation should they have at that time of the year, as it is quite cool yet and colonies not very populous yet here In Minnesota. They are In 8-frame Adam Grimm Langstroth hives, with a one-Inch honey-board on top, and ^4-inch bee-space between the brood- frames and honey-board. Would It do to cover 4 or 5 one- inch holes in the honey-board, also a one-inch hole at the rear end of the hive close to the bottom, with wire-cloth, and have the entrance shut up tight with a board ? or would it be better to remove the honey-board and cover the hive with a piece of wire-cloth as big as the hive, with no ventilation at the bot- tom ? M. R., Minnesota. Answer. — Either plan you mention will probably be all right, the one giving the larger ventilation being preferable. I have often hauled them a distance of five miles with only a large entrance for ventilatiou. But I think It is the Dadants that say it is better to have the entrance closed and have abundant ventilation elsewhere, for the bees being used to find their way out at the entrance will all crowd there and may be killed. You will do well to have a sponge, or a rag rolled up and filled with water somewhere in the hive — on the top-bars, If there is room — and when you change from the wagon to the cars you can pour soSie fresh water on it, if dry. la^ See " Bee-Keeper's GuiJe" offer on page 45. 88 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb 11. CSORGB W. YOKK, ■ Editor. PUBHSHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W."Y0RK & COMPANY, lis ifioliigran St., - CHICAGO. ILL. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the Post-OflBce at Chlcajto as Second-Class Mail-Matter. VoLfflVII. CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 11, 1897. No. 6. ''^■TT-TTTTTTT'' Editorial Con)n}cr)t^^ A Great Honey-Producing: Country like Southern California, says J. H. Martin, of Los Angeles Co., Is never entirely drained of its honey. Many bee-keepers sup- posed that owing to a total failure of the crop the past sea- son, that honey would be scarce and command a higher price. But small lots keep coming forward, which shows that con- siderable honey is held over every year. It would require several total failures to strip the market of honey, and to ■even advance the price. •-•-»■ The "Wisconsin Contention was held accord- ing to announcement, last Wednesday and Thursday (Feb. 3 and 4), and we had the pleasure of being present. It was a good meeting, tho the attendance was not large. We expect to publish a condenst report soon. Next week we will have something to say concerning our trip, and some of the good Wisconsin bee-keepers. The following were elected as officers for the ensuing year : President — Franklin Wilcox, of Juneau County ; Vice- Presinent — Jacob Huffman, of Green County ; Secretary — E. France, of Grant County ; and Treasurer— Harry Lathrop, of Green County. All except Mr. Huffman were re-elections. Granulated Honey and Sour Honey— We have received the following communication from a honey- dealing firm in Minnesota, dated Jan. 21, 1897 : The editorial comment on page 40 is as Interesting to us as anything which Mark Twain has written for a long time, the only difference is that Mark Twain drew on the imagina- tion, and you have drawn on the facts where misery loves company. Our firm has been getting experience as to granu- lation of honey at the regular local freight rates. We have a Dairy and Food Commission in Minnesota, as you are doubtless aware, and they are trying to earn their legislative appropria- tion, and are well qualified for the position. Any way, they are on our side, and against a certain new firm west of here, who ordered one case of honey from us, and received granu- lated alfalfa. This firm answered us that the honey was solid, and would have to be put up in better shape to fool the people with. As the freight out of that was less than a dol- lar, we thought it was one of the least expensive of our ex- periences in the same line, and have sent them your editorial, and askt them if they would not send us along some cigars ! Now, Mr. Kditor, if those cigars come, we will not say any- thing about the freight on tho honey, but will divide up tho cigars. We would like to know how honey,»which arrives In bar- rels and is sour, can bo handled so as to make It merchantable. Perhaps we ought to offer to pay for this information, but we think if any experienced bee-keeper who is kind enough to inform us on this, will realize that he is doing some shipper a benefit, he will not hesitate. Besides this, if we do not get the cigars, we will give an order on that new firm west, to pay for the information. But we are serious, as we have some sour honey here, and want to put it in shape. A. W. S. We hope our jovial friend, A. W. S., will at once with- draw that request for "some cigars," if he expects us to help him out with them, for we are too old now to learn the use of the filthy weed in any form. How any man can find comfort in narcotics is beyond us. Aside from the financial waste, think of the injury to one's health ! We hope the day may soon come when all men will cease to befog their brain and shatter their nerves with tobacco and strong drink. To our young men readers we would commend the advice of the noted John B. Gough — among his last words — " Young man, keep your record clean." Now, to turn from oue sour subject to another, what about the sour honey that A. W. S. asks about ? It seems to us that heating it to a certain degree will nearly restore its original flavor. How is that ? Are we right, or not ? Will some one who knows, kindly furnish the desired information? We shall be glad to publish it. Galvanized -Iron Honey-Tanks.— The Rural Californian says that the matter in relation to safe storing of honey in galvanized-iron tanks has been settled for California for several years. Every bee-keeper who produces any quantity of honey uses these tanks. Honey is allowed to stand in them, sometimes for several months, without detri- ment to the honey. In that dry climate, where wooden receptacles shrink and fall to pieces, galvanized-iron plays an important part not only in the apiary, but for water-tanks and other purposes. If galvanized-iron is a settled success in California, it should be in all parts of the country. Ne-w Bee-Papers Again.— In Gleanings for Jan. 15 is an interesting article by Dr. Miller, on " Defunct Bee Journals" — he mentions 16 that have " gone the way of all the earth," during the past 25 years. But he perhaps has been able to discover only about half of them, as many are entirely forgotten. The question is raised whether or not the old and estab- lisht bee-papers should encourage the new ones even to the extent of noticing their birth. The conclusion seems to have been reacht, that it is wrong even to so much as notice their birth, as in all probability they can live but a short time, and the sooner they die the less money will their publishers and subscribers lose. We believe this Is correct, when we consider that out of perhaps 50 bee-papers that so far have been started and finally stopt, in America, only about a half dozen to-day give any evidence of continuing for any great length of time. Perhaps a half dozen is putting it pretty high — but time will tell. A bee-keeper In the West, who was at one time also a large supply dealer, referring to this subject, wrote us as follows, Jan. 24 : Friend York :— I send you by this mail a markt copy of a supply dealer's circular, and yet it was hardly necessary to mark any part of it, as it is all about one thing. I suggest that you make a few quotations exactly as they are, and then say that his 1897 circular shows a great improvement, and contains an announcement and prospectus of a new quarterly bee-journal that ho proposes to establish. (Whew!) I pre- sume you received one. Just think of paying 25 cents for four papers that emanate from such headquarters! Could you not say that you do not understand how people would thus throw away their money when a throe months' subscrip- tion to any one of tho woll-establlsht would give so much more for their money '? But, really, I do not believe the thing will be launcbt. It beats all how some supply dealers do squirm under 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 89 their postage bills — and this is the mainspring to the whole outet of these little journals that die "a borulng." I have paid as high as SiiOO in a year for one-cent stamps, and §600 more for the circulars, addressing and mailing, and I have had my ups and downs, and made mistakes, but I always had grace enough to pay my postage and printing bills like a man, and leave the publishing business to publishers. * * * Why, yes, we will quote just two paragraphs from the "supply dealer's circular" referred to, taken from some advice on "Marketing Honey" — a very important subject. Here they are, exactly as printed by the would-be publishers of a bee-paper: "This is a part of our persuit that does not receive the attention that it should. The marketing of honey should receive as much attention as the production of it, what is the use producing honey if you can not sell it, this well surly be the result if the market continues to be fluxuated with honey placed upon it just as it comes from the hive; we have sold honey upon the city market more or less for a number of years, and find It goes about like this : you go to a grocer with a case of honey and ask him 15 cents for It, he laughs at you and says that his neighbor has bought some honey for 10 cents, and is selling it for what you ask him, of coarse he can not buy honey for what his competitor Is selling it so down goes the price. "Our extracted honey should be put up in either tin or glass packages, and neetly labeled with directions and pro- ducer; so few people understand the granulation of honey that it should never be sold without being labeled, and the label bearing explination and directions, or an explination verbally." Oh, glory ! Think of a whole paper gotten up in that style! And yet, people who exude such samples of literary ignorance aspire to be publishers! Get the smelling-bottle — quick ! Truly, the field of bee-journalism is not extensive enough to support very many bee-papers in the way they should be supported in order to be just half-way profitable. There is not a deserving bee-paper to-day that has quarter the number of paying subscribers it should have in order to attain the fullest success, and enable its publisher to get out something that will be a credit to the pursuit which it is desired to represent. For a long time we have felt that we do a real kindness to a new bee-paper to simply say nothing about it when it starts, for, in all probability, in a few months — or at most a very few years — we'd have to write its little epitaph. Our most unselfish advice is : Keep out of new-bee-journalism, unless you have money you prefer to get rid of in that way in preference to burning it. '*-•-*- Pbysiological Effects of Bee-Stins:s.— A Dr. R. S. Lindsay, of Philadelphia, recently askt Gleanings for "information regarding the effects of bee-stings on the human system." In reply to the request, Editor Root wrote him as follows: Dr. R. S. li., Philadelphia— Dear Sir : — The average bee-keeper is not at all affected by swelling after being stung. He experiences the same sharp pain, but no fever or other unpleasant effects follow after two or three minutes. The system seems to become in- ured. But occasionally, when the bee stings along a vein, there is an after-effect. We do not know to which school of medicine you belong; but the homeopathists use a great deal of apis melUfica in the form of a tincture. We have been sup- plying Boereck & Tafel, of New York city, with bee-stings in lots of 10,000 at a time. We are supplied with a wide- moutht bottle holding about two ounces, and filled about two- thirds full of sugar of milk. A comb of bees is placed before a window, and from this comb the bees are pickt off one by one with a pair of tweezers, while another pair removes the stings, the latter dropping into the sugar of milk. The bee in each case is crusht immediately before the removal of the ^ting. In this way the stings are removed until the whole number are in the jar, when it is corkt and sent to the par- ties named. The apiarist can usually work only three or four hours a day at removing the stings ; and even then he expe- riences pain in the eyes, and a sort of sickness from inhaling the odor of the poison. As you see by the references below, there can be no ques- tion but that slings do relieve certain kinds of rheumatism; but just what kinds I am unable to say. Ernest R. Root. The " references" mentioned were those where different writers had given their experience with bee-stings, which the Doctor will use in reading up on the subject. He is investi- gating the matter in a scientific manner, and will publish the results as he finds them, " giving the physiological effects of bee-stings, especially so far as they relate to the cure of vari- ous kinds of rheumatism." This will no doubt be very inter- esting. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Mr. Sigel Brautigam, of Grant Co., New Mex., says : "I will take the ' Old Reliable ' as long as I am interested in api- culture ; and no one interested in this occupation should be without it." Mr. B. S. K. Bennett, of California, who publisht some reflections upon the character of Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck, of that State, has made a retraction, and says that " as Mr. Brodbeck is willing to 'forgive and forget,' we trust the bee- keepers will do the same." We are glad the unpleasant mat- ter has been " fixt up," and are pleased to give this notice of the satisfactory outcome of a disagreeable condition of affairs. Mr. A. D. Watson, of Tioga Co., Pa., writes us as fol- lows : " I am glad to see the American Bee Journal expose the dishonest dealers in honey. I have received some of their flowery circulars, soliciting shipments of honey, and if it had not been for the timely warnings of theAmerican Bee Journal I might have been caught napping. Therefore, I think the price of subscription for the Bee Journal a very profitable investment. Long prosperity to the 'Old Reliable.'" Mr S C Swanson, of Minnesota, when renewing his sub- scription, wrote: " I like the American Bee Journal the best of any bee-paper I ever saw. Every one that has bees should read it. I am sure they will find that they never invested a dollar better in their bee-busiuess." Dr. N. Ostrander, of Thurston Co., Wash., had this to say in a letter dated Jan. 29 : "The Bee Journal for Jan. 14 failed in reaching me. Until I mist this number I never realized fully its value. I do not believe there is another publication in the country afford- ing the same amount of valuable information for the same amount of money." We are always glad to replace lost numbers of the Bee Journal, if we are notified in time. If you don't receive a certain number, better not wait more than two weeks after it is due before asking for another. Mb Wm Beecroft, of Canada, when remitting for 189 1, said- "I am well pleased with the American Bee Journal, and think it is one of the best and cheapest of the kind pub- lished." Mr S T. Pettit, of Ontario, Canada, has sent us a very kind invitation to stop off with him a few days on our return from the Buffalo meeting, next August or September. Mow, we'd like to do that very thing, but really we cannot be away from the office here any longer than is absolutely necessary. We cannot afford to employ sufficient help so that we can very well leave for more than three or four days at a time. So it is quite out of the question to "go visitin'" as we'd like to do, and as several have already generously invited us. We appre- ciate the invitations very much, and only regret that we are compelled to decline them, for we would so greatly enjoy accepting if it were possible for us to di so. Mrs R a. Fifield, of New Hampshire, wrote thus when renewing her subscription for 18HT: " I would not like to get along without the Bee Journal, for It is a great help. It comes every Friday." 9 e 9 e 9 p 9 p e 9 e 9 e 9 p 9 P e 9 e p 9 HERE'S YOUR OPPORTUNITY Positively the Greatest Bargain Ever Offered I 8 LARGE if Nearly 4,000 pages. Over 300 liniiiuro Colored Maps, Charts, and Diagrams, VULUMlO. Every Volume Mechanically Perfect, The Only Encyclopedia Strictly SIZE OF VOLUME: 2 ins. Thick. S% ins. Wide. Up to Date," 1 1H ins. Long. 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It is the One Great, Practical Reference Library for the Professional and Business Man, the Teacher, the Student, the Farmer, Artisan, and Mechanic. With over 3,500 engravings, of superb quality and wonderful variety, including numerous engraved portraits of distinguished Poets, Authors, Physicians, Chemists, Pliilosophers, and Scientists, and with over 300 new maps and charts from the VERY LATEST EXPLORA- TIONS and SURVEYS, delineating Continents, Empires, Countries, States, Cities, Towns, Citadels, Solar, Lunar, and Planetary Systems, and every portion of the known world, and forming a Complete and Indexed Atlas of the globe. THE STANDARD AMERICAN is the best illustrated and the best mapped Encyclopedia in the English Language. Our Crreat Introductory Offer To secure widespread and favorable publicity for THE NEW STANDARD AMERICAN ENCYCLOPEDIA, we have decided to place a few introductory sets in each community throughout the country for comparison with all other reference works as to plan, scope, lateness of treatment, and general practical and educational value. We feel that every set will create a demand for others. While the distribution will be general in extent, it will last for a limited time only, after which our regular .subscription sale will begin, at prices ranging from $48 to $72 a set, according to style of binding. Now, however, to quickly and thoroughly introduce the work, as aliove stated, we make the price merely nominal (about the cost of paper and printing), the distribution bein2 cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6J-2 cents. The Cash mu3t accom- pany each order. Fine Bass^rood Flavor Honey at '4 cent more when in cans; or in 2T0-lb. barrels at OJi cents per pound. A sample of the honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade ? Order one 60-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or 40 cents for 3 pounds. Some may be able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of It. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Qcx;)eral Uenps^ Clovers in G-ood Condition. The weather is fine, and. the snow on the ground is five inches deep. 1 moved my bees 15 miles on the mudboat and did not lose a single bee. I find them in good con- dition, and there is a fine prospect for a nice honey-flow this year. White and crimson clovers are in good condition. John V. Emmert. Boone Co., Ind., Jan. 23. Size of Apis Corsata. While looking at the respective engrav- ings of the Apis doisata (worker and drone), as given in Bulletin No. 1, by Frank Benton, the thought struck me that with all that had been said, pro and con, about this wonderful bee, there may have been something overlookt. By the pic- tures you would suppose they were very nearly the same size, while their length is the same. We have just been priding our- selves that we had overcome that drone business, by the use of full sheets of foun- dation. Now we don't want to fall clear downstairs after climbing so high. Will some one who has seen it, or knows something of the bee, please give us a little light on the subject ? A Readek. Report for the Season of 1896. I commenced last spring with seven colo- nies, six strong in bees but no honey; the other was very weak in bees, and I had to feed them till the last of June to keep them going. Then basswood came. Talk about honey coming in ! I never saw the like. They filled a set of extracting-combs and all the spare room in the brood-chamber. I sent for six queens to an Illinois breeder; he sent me five by return mail ; four were all right, but one was nearly dead when she arrived. The other came in due time, safe and sound. I heard of a bee-tree being cut in the neighborhood, so I took advantage of that. I got the queen and introduced her all right. From the time basswood com- menced till the middle of September the bees did well. 1 now have i;^ colonies in the cellar, strong in young bees, and with plenty of good honey, besides all my fam- ily can use. S. F. Skaifb. Dubuque Co., Iowa, Des. 30. Poisonous Honey — Storing Over Brood I read the article on poisonous honey, written by Dr. W. M. Stell, on page l')2(>, 1890. Now, I came from Pennsylvania, and have seen lots of mountain laurel, and bees at work on it, and 1 never heard of the honey killing anyone. I think it the Doc- tor had taken the nectar deposited in the flowers, instead of the flowers and leaves, he would not have suffered so much pain, and worried so much about the boy. On the same principle, you might say a maple tree would not make sugar because you cannot make it out of the leaves ; or a may- apple is poisonous because we know the roots are. I do not think our friend, the Doctor, can find a pound of poisonous honey in his yard, altho his bees workt on laurel, unless he fed them extract of the leaves. In the " Question-Box " there is a ques- tion in regard to storing honey over the brood. I cannot agree entirely with the answers, altho by some of our leading bee- men. They say the bees try to get as far from the entrance as possible. I cut six bee-trees, and saw four more cut the past summer. In every case the honey was above the brood : in two cases there was a small cavity above the entrance, which was filled with honey, and the queen was below with her brood, some 10 or 12 inches. The comb above was old, and that below 92 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 11. Mention the A.mertcan Bee Jourwm^n YeU, O Yell, O'Vi:i.l.0tVZ<»n>K!« Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. Mention the A merican Bee Jmi/nyal Honey - Clovers ! We have made arranj^ements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 51b Alsike Clover I .70 Sweet Clover 6.5 White Clover " .90 Alfalfa Clover 65 Crimson Clover 55 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. lOtti 251b 501b 81.25 83.00 8 6.75 1.20 2.75 5.00 1.60 3.75 700 1.10 2.70 5.00 .90 2.00 3.50 HATCH Chickens bysteam- EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple, Perffct, Self ■ Regulat- ing. ThousaiiilH io fiucccMsful p|ieratloii. Lowest, prioed flrst-oluNA llat4-bor made ,^^ «ilO\, 5AlTt l>u Kiiiiiak Sprlns*, Fla. MeroXkyix >,hc -^iffurim il<:e 'iat. A±±XXXHXl±±±±XX±m±lXlA±A±AXl±l±X±A rgj*"' -~ ^^'^iiHfe^^B ' " "" ''''^ niiiMy 8hc)ws in ^^'*'''^^33B^"Sli|l]lii|ih«iffli wliii-li it, hiiH pnrti.-ipnted, ' M™^ll)P'^ tl.rii. mn^l, hn soriu'tMiiiK -t-- "^ rfir*^ '" HiHMi(>Hri.>ritv flninisor the S^^ — I Rv^'L^ELIABLE INCUBATOR «C5-*- -^J 'JS' ' ^^'-ir rcHiilntin«. entirnly imto- ■~^~ , H yf inMtii-,\.ni pm i n the euKs. I he ^""^^^h [;.li.il.l ..I.H.s thorost. Allnhout •-^ liii-, mill inim> Ihirik"* of vitltie to the pi-'nl(r> in;in in i.ui u.-w lio.ik. Sen. I lOrfH. foril ^LIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.. pUINCY,ILLS TTn iiniiiiiiiimmnTTiiiiii iimiiii^iiimiiif fr t 3GE171 Please muution the Uee Jourual. isy. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 93 i!H«u !.•;>; > r'vO' !CO.''i Beji, Jcux'tuiA, s * California If you care to fenow of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Paciflc Rural Press The leading Horticultural' and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. Uc'vt'jcr.. 'M/f. ArMTlcar, Bee JoKxm-y. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°^|;':,'^-'°'' Can do the work of four men using hand tools, In Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Kdglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Catalo^ne Free. SENEriA FALLS MFR. CO., 46 'Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Mentui.. the Amerirnn Bee Journal, mii] i Get discounts on early orders -' for 1897. A. I. Koot Co '8 Bee- I Supplies always on bind. Bet- ter prepared than ever to fill oroers promptly. 36-page Catalog free. JOHN KEBEI. & SON, H g'h Hill. U >. Mentimi Ihfl Amerirnyi Bee Journal. 4Atf n MONEY MAKER — the thrift y industrious hen. All aboat her and how to make monev from poultry in New Poultry Guide for 1 897. 100 piices;rrinted in colors; best plans for poultrj houses; sure remedies and recipes fVfor diseases. Sent for 16c. if you write now ^ JOHN BAirs:SEE, Jr., Box 94. Freeport, lU. 49ai;u '^''nlion the American BetJoumoL ^ "■ — ■■ r ^ -^ 'Zj -- ■^ - — q - - •' = ~ t — « 3 = ~ •(' »** Q w ^m^ E6 € ^ S 5^ m a b Betfer Late Than Never The f.trtner w hi. bf;,'in< iisinji^ Page fence now. fs ten vearsbehind those wh<> started oui with us. But he will gain nothing by waiting. He or his neighbors have trie J the suhstiiutes and found ihem wanting. Let him now adopt the "standard" of the leading railroads, and settle t fie question for good. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian. Mich. Mention the American Bee JoumaZ. get it just as I mean, but perhaps you can understand.) I put all the new swarms into lO-frame hives, on full frames of foundation. I then set them on the olil stand, turning the old hive away a quarter, and the third day having them straight side by side, and the 7th or Sth day removing the old hive to another stand. It reduces the old colony very low, and I don't know but too much so, for only two of the old ones workt a bit in the supers. One filled about a dozen, and some partly-filled ones, and one filled 28 sections and some partly-filled ones. This was my first season with sweet clo- ver, and this is what it has been here: Bees were working on it strongly the first week in June, and there was a continuous bloom until the frost killed it. By the side of the railroad, where it was cut early, when it was about two weeks in bloom, and not cut very close, it came on again quickly, and very thick, and made a splendid forage for the bees till the very last. Where it was cut later, and the seed had ripened on the top branches, if cut close to the ground a great part of it was killed, but if cut higher it came on and made quite a show, but not nearly as good as that cut earlier. \Vhere it grew unmolested it was from 4 to (i feet high, blossomed freely, and after it was ripe and lookt all dry from a distance I could find blossoms near the ground, aud bees at work all through it. There was quite a show of golden rod last fall, but the bees did not work on it till quite late. It was not to be compared with sweet clover here last year. Now I will give the record of my first swarm : It was hived June 6. in a Kiframe dovetail hive, on full sheets of foundation. Three days after I put on it a super of 'JS sections; the '2."ith the bees swarmed out. I hived the swarm in a 10-frame hive, on full sheets of foundation, and set it on the old stand. I took off the iad super of '38 sec tions. and took the Mrd super from the hive they came from, and put it on the last hive. Well, they filled the 10 frames and gave me 3 full supers, and one with 13 full and some partly full and capt over, and I have taken one full super of 2S sections, and one with 14 full sections, and more partly full from the hive they swarmed out of — that is. the hive I put them into when they first swarmed, June 0. Well, I figure that the swarm of June 6 gave me 6 supers of 28 sections each, be- sides the 2 supers last taken off, which will more than make up all that was lacking in the first six. besides the partly finisht ones; and then there are the 2 brood-chambers solid full of bees and honey. Result: 168 sections of honey and 2 good colonies of bees from one colony in the spring ' Colony No. 2 gave me 1 swarm and 124 full sections of honey, and a few partly capt. Colony No. 3 gave me 1 swarm and 94 full sections, and some partly capt. It also gave me a second swarm that filled a 10- frame body, and is in splendid condition. Nos. 4 and ^ gave me nothing but new experience, and today, as Mr. Dadant would say, "they are over-fat." I would like it if there was less honey and more bees. My 5 original colonies I increast to 10. and got 426 sections of honey. I sold the first half at 17 cents per section, and one-half of the last at 15 cents, and the bal- ance I have on hand, and think there will be no trouble to get rid of what we don't use. How is that ? Not bad, if you count the whole 5 old colonies in; but if you only count the three that did anything, it makes a good average. Cook Co., 111. EuwARii H. Beardslet. The Home Market and Quotations. My report for ISytJ is as follows: Spring count. 56 colonies, increast to 69. and took 7.1100 pounds of honey of good quality, about 6.000 pounds being extracted. I bought 2C colonies last fall, making .5.5 colo- nies, which seem to be wintering well on the summer stands, packt in chaff. My honey has all been sold (except three or four hundred pounds now on band) in ♦•♦•»•♦•■♦•♦•♦•♦>♦•♦♦< For a knife that will cut a horn without f crashinK. because it cutR from four , niih?H at once not- 40E1 THE KEYSTONE — DEHORNER^' It is humane, rapid and durnhlf. Fully ^ warranted. JIiohest award at Woiii.ri'ri # Fair. De^^criptive circulars :FI?,EE A A. C HUOSms, Cochranville, T;.. 2 Mention the American Bee Journal., One Cent 1 Invested In a postal card will (ret my large Cata- log-of All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want and get price. M. H. HUNT, Bell Braiicli, MUh. WHEN Answering TMta Advertisement, mention this jourkm^ "Vhen answering SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies : Root's Goods at Hoofs Prices. Ponder'* Huney . Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., Indhnapoli.s, Indian.a. MI8 ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JCUR.NAl. UNG DISEASES. ,11 years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- |Cal treatment, address Or. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-lnch " Smoke Engine." Is it too large 'f Will It last too long? Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BINGHAin, Farwell, HIIcli. 5Atf Mention the American Bee Journal, ^ IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., forhlB Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. MentiUm the AvwrUian Bes /'Pi'^s'swsi- CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address !'^ of every Bee- Keeper In Amer- ' " lea. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, RrvER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Wenticm the American Bee Journal, SiSH Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Vello^ir Beesivax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part Is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash« proiuptly, for your Beeswax, send It on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st. , CHICAGO, ILL. 94 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fel 11, FEED YOUR BEESi WITH BASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. lOO, 2 to 5 feet, SIO, 100 IJaswood Seedlings, *1. l>eliveretl fix-e. Other izfs just as cheap. 50 SLOO ISiir^^aius by mail. Millions to select from. Also ■'ruit Trees, Small Fruits. Vines, etc. I-,n>eriii cash commissions lor flubs. Illustrated catalojjue free. (U>od local salesmen wanted. Address D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL. 4E61 Mention the American Bee JournaL the home market. I am talking of start- ing an out-apiary in the spring. Now a few words ahout bee-keepers get- ting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. I think the honey market quota- tions in the bee Journal is one important cause of not getting more subscribers. I dare not let any of customers, nor anyone in the vicinity of ray market, see the Bee Journal, on account of the market quotations, which are very much less than we get at home. It is no way to create a home market. On several occasions my customers have gotten onto said quota- tions, and would say, " Why, here honey is quoted so and so." Then I would have to make a little speech to hold my customers. Very much more might be said on this side of the subject, but I will not take more space now, but I consider this sufficient ex- cuse for beekeepers who have a home mar- ket, not scattering these market quota- tions in their locality. B. W. Peck. Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Jan. 23. [Well, this is a new reason for not secur- ing new subscribers — the first time we have ever heard it advanced. But we think Mr. Peck's " Peck of trouble " would be avoided if he were to solicit subscriptions only among those who already have bees. It is not our intention to urge starting more people in the bee-business, but only to get every present bee-keeper to take the Bee Journal, It will often be the means of educating them so that they will not break down a good home market, as they might do if without the Bee Journal. It would also help them to produce a nicer article, perhaps.— Editor] Bees Wintering' Finely. My bees are wintering finely. We have a big snowstorm to-day, and a big blow with it. Up to this time we have had no sleighing. Henuy Allet. Essex Co., Mass., Jan. 28. Honey the Surest Crop. I am wintering over 50 colonies of bees. My last year's crop of honey was fairly good. It does not seem to matter what kind of a summer it is, I am the surest of that crop of any. I have SO acres. I like the American Bee Journal very much, and it is the first paper that I open and read, usually, when receiving my mail. HoMEu Scott. Oakland Co., Mich., Jan. 29. Keyiving Starved Bees. 1 had an experience with a colony of bees that was starved to death, as it were. My brother, who lives one mile from me, last summer caught two swarms of fine bees, but one failed from some cause to get enough to winter on. I told him to feed them, and gave him the rule for feeding, as I had learned it through the American Bee Journal. But he failed to feed them till it was too late. On Dec. 22 I was there and askt him how his bees were getting along. We went upstairs where be put tbeni ; he opened the hive of the one that was short of stores, and the bees were dead, for all we could tell by looking at them. He was going to brush tbem off the comb, and melt them up for wax, but I took some of the bees in my hand till they were warm, and they began to crawl around. I told him they were not dead, but he would not be- lieve it. Nevertheless, he told me I could experiment with them, so I took them downstairs and warmed them. Then I fol- lowed the directions given in the "A B C of Bee Culture" — sprinkled them with sweet- ened water. It was amusing to see the little things as soon as they were strong enough to carry feed to their less fortunate companions. I told his wife how to make the "Good" candy, and by the time it was made the bees came to life, as it were ; they crawled upon the combs and were buzzing away as merrily as if they had had no mishap. We gave them the "Good" candy, and put tbem down cellar. The last I saw of them they were just roaring. Ogle Co., III., Dec. 24. M. D. KiNlON. Winter Report. My (i8 colonies of bees in the cellar are quiet with the temperature at 38 degrees, while outdoors it was 10 degrees below zero this morning, and 15 degrees below zero yesterday morning. I also have some out- side, with corn-stalks packt around; some in double-walled hives, etc. Randolph Gbadbn. Wayne Co., Mich., Jan. 26. Preserving Comb Honey from Moth. On reading in the Bee Journal the dis- cussion on preserving comb honey from moth, I am compelled to differ from Mr. Green, as to moth not bothering comb honey except when pollen is present. Now this may be the case in a cold climate, but it will not do about here. The only safe- guard here against the moth is ice and strong colonies of bees. Last summer I proved to my satisfaction that all honey taken from the hives has moth-eggs depos- ited on its surface, and if the desired heat is attained they will batch and destroy the honey. I took off some nice section honey last July, and put some of it in a fly-proof can, and some I put in a refrigerator. (There was no pollen in any of it.) In a few days that in the can showed the fine dust of the moth, and I found very small worms in the sections; while that in the refrigerator had no worms or dust, yet the eggs were on the honey, as I changed places with the section, and the moths on the section, when placed in the cold air, ceast to make any more dust, but in a short time the section which was in the cold air first, and had no eggs batcht, when placed in the can the eggs soon hatcht, and the moth in his glory was at work eating honey. 1 found another lover of honey a few days ago — it is a light-green worm, about ■*H of an inch long. I will write about it later. Howako Kisiiek. Ouachita Co., La., Jan. 20. Our '97 Cataloff — OF— Apiariiiii Supplies, licos, Etc. Is yours for the asking;. It ie full of Inlornmtion. t3^ Write for It. I. J. STKIIVGIIAITI, 106 Park Place. NEW YOHK, N, T, Apiahv— Glen Cove, L. 1. Mention ilic Auierican ISee jouma't^ The fence here shown is made with tha Du- plex Automatic Woven Wire Fence Machine, which is made entirely of wood and malleable Iron, and is so simple and easily operated that anyone who knows how to turn a grindstone can take it right Into the field or any place and make 40 to CO rods of fence a day, horse- high, bull-strong, pig, chicken and rabbit tight, at a cost for the wire of only 12 to 20 cents a rod. It can be made in a variety of styles or designs, using either plain or barb wire for the the top and bottom margin wires, and by using wire pickets, weaving them right into the fabric, ornamental designs can be made suitable not only for farm residences but also city and suburban residences, Messrs. KItselman Bros., KldgevIUe, Indiana, whose advertisement appears elsewhere In this paper, claim this Duplex Automatic Machine is the result of their 10 years' expe- rience In the manufacture of woven wire fence machines, and Is perfection itself. Send for their illustrated catalogue, which fully describes machine, and shows 24 different de- signs of fence the machine will make. Don't forget to mention that you saw their adver- tisement in the American Bee Journal. The Reliable Heii.— The incubator busi- ness is taking on astounding proportions. This Is true in the use of the machines, as well as in the manufacture of iucubators. The latter business could not have attained its present dimensions had It not been for the success of the machines In actual practice all over the country. There has been too much success in ihe use of incubators and too much money made by this process to claim, at this late day, that the most improved incubators are anything but successtul and profitable when correctly managed. We are led to these retlections by receiving the superb 168-page catalogue of the Reliable Incubator Is Brooder Co., Qulncy, III. Their machine Is one of the most popular and most largely used. It Is made In a careful and workmanlike manner %£j^»^ of the very Ijest materials. Too much cannot b< said In favor of the Reliable regulator. The regulator Is as near perfect as la possible to attain. One of the strong points In favor of this machine is that they are thoroughly tested In constant pract Ice at the large poul- try larms conducted by this concern. The methods followed at these and other success- ful poultry oBtabllshmeuts. together with full directions concerning the management of In- cubators and the poultry business in general, are given in this 11th annual catalogue, which may be obtained by any one who will send 10 cents to the Uellable Incubator & Brooder Co., Quincy, 111.; but it in writing them you state that you are a subscriber to the American Bee Journal you can get it tree, and in that case need |not Inclose the dime. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 95 HONEY and BEESWAX The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Aesoclatlon. and, so tar as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travei-staln, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom. or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white." "No 1 dark," etc. Chlcaifo. 111., Jan. 19.— Fancy white. 12(^ 13c.: No. 1, lOOllc: fancy amber, 8@10c.; No.l.TQSc; fancy dark, 8c.; No. 1,7c. Ex- tracted, white, 5@"c. : amber. SOSc; dark, 4Hc. Beeswax, 25@2Tc. Very little activity in the market. Albany, K, Y., Jan. 29.— Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1, 11-12C.: fancy dark, T-8c.; No.l, 6-7c.; Extracted, white, -T^-ec; dark. 4-5c. The honey market is very quiet and stock moving very slowly, even at rednced prices. White clover is not plentiful. Extracted is moving very slowly, but we hope for an im- proved demand soon. Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 31.— Fancy white. 14-loc.; No. 1 white, 12-130. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax. 25c. Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 31.— Fancy white, 14>4@13c. : No. 1 white. 12V4®13c. Extracted, white, 6@7c.; amber, 4i4@5i4c. Beeswax, 22 @25c. There is not very much honey in our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Bemand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. Kew York, K. Y , Dec. 31 —Fancy white, ll®l2c.; fairwhite. 9@lOc.; buckwheat. 7® 8c. Extracted, white clover and basswood, 5@oHc.: California, 6c.; Southern. 50c. per S:allon. Beeswax in fair demand at 26@27c. The market is quiet and Inactive. Demand light and plenty of stock on the market. Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec, 31,— Comb honey, best white, I0@14c. Extracted, 4@6c. De- mand is slow; supply is fair. Beeswax is in fair demand at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 20.— White comb. 9-lOc.: amber, 6-7c. Extracted, white, 5-5HC. ; light amber, 4-4i4c.; amber colored and candied. 35ic; dark tule. 2J(c. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-25c. Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 20.— Fancy white comb. 14c.; No. 1 white. 13@14c. ; fancy amber. 12-13c.; No. 1 amber. ll-lJc; fancy dark. lO-llc; No. 1. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 6-6V4C.; amber, 5 bVtC.; dark. 4-4^4c. Bees- wax. 2oc. Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C : fancy amber. 8-yc. : No. 1, 8c.: fancy dark, 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7o. ; amber, 4-5c. : dark, 3H-4C. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey — very little demand. Extracted in good demand. St. Lonis, Ho., Dec. 30.— Fancy white, 14c. ; No. 1 w^hlte, 12@13c.: fancy amber, ll@12c.: No. I amber. 10@10i4e.; fancy dark, 9@9Kc.: No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white, in cans. 6©7c.: in barrels. 3@5i4c.; amiier, 4 i4@4=4c. ; dark. 3^@4c. Beeswax, 26!4@27c. Baker stock of exiracted honey, 4@5c : stock very scarce. Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand. Detroit, Mich. , Jan. 9.— Fancy white, 13- I4c: No. 1. 12-130.: fancy amber, ll-12c.l No. 1 amber. 10-1 Ic; fancy dark, 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c. Extracted, white, 5H-6c.; amber, oc; dark. 4-4 >4c. Beeswax, 2o-26c. MlnneapoliSt Minn., Dec. 31. — Fancy white. Iliai2c.; No. 1 white. lOailc; fancy amber. 9@10c. : No. 1 amber. 8®9o.; fancy dark. 7@8c.: No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6@7c.; amber, SOSiic.: dark. 4©5c. Utah white extracted. 5@5Wc. Beeswax. 23® 26c. Market fairly steady lor comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 5.— Strictly fancy comb, 1-pound, moving quile well at 9 and 10 cents, while we hear of some grades a little less. No. 2 and other grades range from 7 to 5 els. Quite liberal amounts can be sold if forced. Extracted, 3-oc. Better write before splp- ping. List of Honey and Beeswax Healers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cbicago, Ills. R, A, BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. Hii,DBETH Bros. & Seqelken. KauBas City, mo. O. C. CLEH0U8 & Co., 423 Walnut St, BnSalo, N. Y. Battebson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. WiLLriAMS Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Iionls, no. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St JTIinneapollii, ITIinn. S. H. Hall &. Co. inilwaakee. Wis. A, V. Bishop &Co. Boston, mass. E. E. BUKE & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit,, inich. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. PonoER, 182 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCulloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. r, MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avB. Convention I\otices. New York. -The Cortland County Bee- Keepers' Association will hold ith annual meeting in Good Templars' Hall, at Cortland, Saturday. Feb 13,1897. H. S. Howe, Sec. Iowa.— The seventh annual meeting of the Eastern Iowa Bee Keepers' Association will meet at Anamosa. Iowa, Feb. 10 and 11, 1897. A corps of experimenters have been doing special work in the apiary, and will report. Laya'l cares aside, and come and enjoy the good things prepared for you. Andrew, Iowa. F. M. Mebiutt, Pres. Illinois —The annual meeting of the Illi- nois State Bee-Keepers' Association will bo held at the State House, in Springfield, Feb. 24 and 25. 1897, The State Farmers' Insti- tute meets the same week— Including all the State live stock associations— and our Exec- utive Committee, along with them, arranged for this date, in order ihat the Legislature might be in good working condition. (We all know what for.) There will be an effort made Ibis winter to get a Pure Food Bill past, and that means bee-keepers want a hand in it. to see that the adulteration of honey shall cease forever and eveu Two years ago we suc- ceeded in getting an Anti-Adulteration Bill through the Senate, but it failed in the House, only for want of push. Let beekeep- ers ttiroughout the State impress upon their Representatives the importance of such a bill, and come to our meeting to refresh their minds on the subject. Railroad rates will bo no greater than a fare and a third, which will be announced later. Our programs will be issued along with the other State Associations named above. Jas. A. Stone, Sec. Bradfordton, 111. Doctor^s yi\r)is Mty Dr. PUIRO, 100 State Street, *, Chicago, III. Honey Tor Cougho. Old people's coughs are as distinct as that of children, and require remedies especially adapted to them. It is known by the constant tickling in the pit of the throat— just where the Adam's apple pro- jects—and is caused by phlegm that accumu- lates there, which, in their weakened con- dition, thej' are unable to expectorate. Take a fair-sized onion — a good strong one — and let it simmer in a quart of honey for several hours, after which strain and takea teaspoonful frequently. It eases the cough wonderfully, though itmay not cure. Honey Tor Stomach Congli. All mothers know what a stomach cough is- caused by an irritation of that organ, frequently attended with indigestion. The child often " throws up " after coughing. Dig down to the roots of a wild cherry tree, and peel off a handful of the bark, put it into a pint of water, and boil down to a teacupful. Put this tea into a quart of honey, and give a teaspoonful every hour or two. It is pleasant, and if the child should also have worms, which often hap pens, they are pretty apt to be disposed of, as they have no love for the wild-cherry flavor. Pin-^Vorms. Mrs. Bemis asks about these uncomfort- able parasites. In appearance they much resemble grains of cooked rice. Sometimes a hundred or more infest the extreme lower bowels, causing intense itching, crowding each other out into the young one's trousers. Take a tablespoontul of the wild-cherry-bark tea, above mentioned, put it into a pint of water and inject it in the bowels, when the child is put to bed. Two or three such applications disposes of these pestiferous nuisances. Honey on Frost-Bltes. It your ears, fingers or toes become frozen nothing will take the frost out of them sooner than it wrapt up in honey. The swelling is rapidly reduced, and no danger occurs. Honey and Cream Tor Freclcles. Have you tried a mixture of honey and cream — halt and half — for freckles? Well, it's a good thing. If on the hands, wear gloves on going to bed. BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Or in Excbaug-e for Comb Foundation. Highest Price Paid. It you want your Wax Work! into Foun- dation, satisfactorily, promptly, and at the lowest price, send it to me. ^P~ Write for Price-List and Samples. GUS DITTMER, AIGISTA, WIS. RAUF^ FRFF * useful articles for only 2-6mo. snbs. UMmLO I IILL toPoultryKeeperatSoc.Everypoultry raiser wants tliis leadint? poultry paper. Sample free. Address Poultry Keeper Co., Box 44 Parkesburg, Pa. Mentton th£ A.msnoam. Bes Jcrjr",::^,,, WANTED—ATTENTION ! UEE HERE, Fiiend Bee Keeper, the best O goods are none too good, and the lo vest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 1897 on Full Line of Bee-Keeper«' Supplies. 1 defy competition In quality and workman- ship. Worliing Wax Into Foundation when sent to me, a specialty. Write, without fail, for Catalog. My prices are worth looking ai. Wax wanted at 2ec cash, or 29e In trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, 'Wis. 6A8t MtnlUm the American Bee Journal. 96 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. February 11, 1897. Bottom Prices BRINO US BIG TRADE. OOOD GOODS KEEP IT. It you want the best supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same Koods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1 897 Catalogue soon ready —ask for it and a free copy of The Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (36 pages). Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. EXPANSION AND is vlmt destroys CONTRACTION (^rba^fa 'i^Tof completely overcominp this difficulty in the construction of the KKYSTONE FENCE. That's one reason why it outlasts all others. Full particulars in our book on fence con- construction— FREE. KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., No. 3 Ku-h Street. Peoria. 111. n* Mention rjic ..-Lnicrwuii Uce Joumw: ^ MONEY Saved 13 Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL MM life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy- is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. AgentM Waiited. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, 20Atf CHICAGO, ILL. PATENT WIBED COMB FOnNDATIOS kHaa No Sag in Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas So FiitbbODfl Id the Sarplai Booey. BeiQK the oleanest Is aeaally worked the qntokeat of any Foundation made J. VAN DEIJSEN & SONS, Bole M an u facta rers, Bproat Brook MoniKomerT Co., N. Y. IW.aU'^ HONEY-EXTRACTOR iflUlU N Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Suppi.ies in general, etc., etc Send tor our new catalofir. «^ Practical HIiitM '' will he mailed for 10c. In etampfl. Apply to — Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mtntion the Amcri4ian Bee Journal. TOUR BEESWAX ! UNTIl. Fi:ll'rilKll NOTICK, wn will allow 28 cents per pound lor Oood Yel- low Beeswa.t, delivered iit our olllce— In ex- cliange for Subscription to the Bee Joiiknal, tor Books, or anything that we oll'cr for sale In the Bee Jodknal. Or, 25 cts. cash. BEESWAX WANTED FOR- ^ Foundation Making. ^ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION", ADVICE TO BEG-INNERS, Etc. Address, GHAS. DADANT & SON, Ahen An&wehing this Advertisement, Mention this Journal HSMIL,T01f, ItK^. 41 eMOWiO'i^e 41 eMowiOMf Our business is makiug Sections. We are located In the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; there the material we use cannot be better. We have made the following prices ; IVo. .500 1000 at.... 3000 at..., 5000 at.... 1 §noiv- While. $1.25 2.50 2.25 2.00 No. 1 Cream. 500 ,91.00 1000 at 2.00 3000 at 1.75 5000 at 1.50 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-Liist uf Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc. Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. 6A35t Cut Prices to Move Stock ! ! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to offer these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock Is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at once, or you may be to late : V-Top Langstroth Frames, 75c per 100 ; 250 for $1.25 ; 500 for .?2. All-Wood Frames, pierced tor wire, same price while they last. 50 Comb Honey Racks, to hold sections on the hive, flat, $1.00 for the lot. No. 3 VanDeusen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdo., in 25-lb. boxes, $10.50 a box. Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, $1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, $1.) Hill Feeders, quart size, 8c each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, 40c each ; by mall, 00c. Quinby Smokers at 50c, 70c, and $1.00 each— 20c extra by mail. Jones' Frame-Pliers, 10c each ; by mail, 10c extra (old price, 25c and postage.) 1896 Dovetailed Hives at Special Prices. Desiring to make room for new goods, we offer from stock at this branch. No. 1 Dovetailed hives, Sframe complete, with sections, foundation-starters, and nails, at $5.75 for 5; ^lO.W for 10; .*30.00 for 20: No. IK, same without sections and starters, $4.75 for 5; *8.50forl0; .^lU 00 for 20; lUframe complete, 20 cts. each extra; 10-frame E, 15 cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. II M anted by I'relglit, add aSc lor «ai-tage on orders lor less tlian 9S THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Geo. W. Yorii, Manager. 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 18, 1897. No. 7. Growing Alsike and White Clover. [For the benefit of those who wish to begin to raise Alsike clover for pasturage, hay, seed, and honey, we have concluded to republish the directions as given by Mr. Baldridge, of Kane Co., 111. He has this to say about it : — Editor.] Alsllce clover is a native of Sweden, where it grows wild — being both hardy and productive. It is commonly known by the name of Alsike, that being a parish in Sweden where this clover originated. It was brought into cultivation there about 100 years ago, was introduced into England in 1834, and soon after found its way into the German States and other parts of Europe, and was finally brought into the United States, througli the Patent Office, in 1853. It is a hybrid of the red and white clover. The stem and the branches are finer and less woody than the red, and when cut and cured for hay, it is perfectly free from fuzz or dust. It does not turn black, but remains the color of well-cured timothy. It has, as the engraving shows, numerous branches, and a multitude of blossoms which are very rich in honey. The blossoms at first are white, but soon change to a beautiful pink, and emit considerable fragrance. The leaves are oval, of a pale, green color, and may readily be distinguisht at any stage of their growth from the white or red clover, by the total absence of a pale, white blossom on the upper surface of each leaf. It ripens, in the latitude of Chicago, in the latter part of July, but need not be cut until August, if the weather should be unfavorable. The crop of seed is always obtained from this cutting, in which respect it is unlike the common red. It Is not advisable to cut this clover more than once each season, but it may be pastured moderately during the fall. When cut for seed, it may be thresht from the field with a common clover machine ; but, if more convenient, it may be stackt and thresht during the fall or winter. Handle the seed carefully, as it shells very easily, but this is a point In its favor, as the land thus becomes re-seeded every year, and so early, that if the autumn proves to be a wet one, nearly every grain will germinate, and a fine growth of new plants will be secured for the following year. The seed is very fine — being about the size and shape of white clover — a pound containing, it is said, about 600,000 grains, or three times as many as the common red. The seed-pods contain 1, 2, 3 and sometimes 4 grains, which explains why it is so pro- lific— a moderate yield being from 150 to 200 pounds of seed to the acre. When sowed by itself, 4 pounds is plenty for an acre. It is much better to mix Alsike with timothy or the common red, or with both. When thus mixt, they are a help to each other. The Alsike, being a native of a cold climate, does not winter-kill, and, besides, it acts as a mulch in winter and spring to the common red, and keeps the latter from being destroyed by the heaving-out process. As the red clover shades the roots of the Alsike, which grows close to the sur- face, it protects the latter from the effects of drouth. The timothy and red clover being both upright growers, lift and keep up the Alsike from the ground, which is very desirable. The stem of the Alsike is too fine to support its many branches in an upright position, and hence is more inclined to " lodge" than the common red. For the reasons given, the combina- Alsike Clover— Trifollum HybHdum,. tion of the three named plants Is very important, and will prove successful wherever tried. When mixt, sow the usual quantity of timothy and red clover, and not more than 2 pounds of Alsike seed to the acre — in fact, one pound will be ample. If wanted for seed, it might then be best to use 2 pounds of Alsike to the acre. Timothy and red clover do no harm, as the crop may be cut so early that the Alsike will be the only plant ripe enough to 98 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feh. 18, furnish seed. Timothy seed, being about the same size as the Alsike, fcannot very well be separated from it ; but with red clover, a fine sieve will quickly do the work. Having often dug up specimen roots of both Alsike and the common red clover for comparison and exhibition, the difference in the size of the crowns and the quantity of roots seems to be decidedly in favor of the Alsike. Having now grown Alsike on a variety of soils for the past 20 years with success, I know that these are facts, and not theories. In 1886, Hon. M. Anderson, of Wisconsin, had 80 acres of Alsike — 20 acres harvested gave 110 bushels of seed and 25 tons of good hay. M. M. Baldridge. [Mr. Orville Jones, of Ingham Co., Mich., sent us the fol- lowing, dated Feb. 5, in which he also refers to white clover. — Editor.] As it is getting near the time of year to sow Alsike clover seed, I will try to tell how I manage it. It must be remembered, however, that Michigan is a great grass country, and that Alsike or white clover will not thrive on high, sandy soil. To get a good catch, we must first select a field or soil that is adapted to it, namely, a low, black soil, or a high, level piece of clay gives best results. This also applies to white clover. I have raised or grown these clovers for years for my bees, and of course for hay as well, and have never failed in getting the ground covered with plants. I usually sow white or Alsike clover in with oats in the spring, sowing about 2^ quarts of the latter, and two quarts of the former per acre. It should be placed in the drill, or you will have to go over the piece with a light harrow to cover all the seed. Now, If you desire to sow with winter wheat, the best time to sow is in the latter part of March or the first of April (in this latitude), when the ground is frozen just enough to make it comby. Now throw on the seed, and when the ground thaws out the clover seed will be covered nicely, and waiting for warm weather to germinate it. I wonder if Mr. Richter (page 46) is not doing some guess- ing, as well as Dr. Miller, when he says one-third of 40 pounds is seed enough for an acre. In sowing white or Alsike clover for honey alone, there is one thing to be remembered, and that is, in not getting the plants too thick, as the more they spread the more blossoms there will be, hence the longer the honey-flow. Bees are wintering well here. Orville Jones. [For seed rates on beth of these honey-clovers, see page 107 of this number of the Bee Journal. — Editor.] Comb Honey vs. Extracted — Comparative Cost. BY R. C. AIKIN. In my former article on this topic (see page 17) I discust the question as to how much extracted could be produced more than comb. Now we consider the cost of the products to de- termine which is the more profitable. The first outlay for bees and honey-house for either will be about the same. By consulting Root's price-list I find that he quotes comb honey and extracted honey hives just the same. Counting then the cost of bees, hives and house, there is no difference thus far. Let us count the cost of producing comb honey aside from yard work : 2,000 sections at $3.00 — $6.00; full sheets of foundation for same — 2() pounds at 60 cents — .$12.00 ; a hand to fold sections and put in founda- tion, one day, $2.00 ; 84 shipping-cases, ready nailed, at 20 cents each — .$16.80 ; cleaning and casing the honey, two days at .$2.00 — $4.00. Total cost for sections, foundation, cases, and all labor clast as shop or inside work — .$41). 80. Now let us consider the same part of cost of extracted. Combs are in the nature of a permanent investment so I will leave them to go into that part of the estimate. Uncapping and extracting 2,(.)00 pounds, 2 men one day — $4.00; 17 boxes of 60 pound cans, at 75 cents per box — $12.75 ; .b hours' labor running honey Into cans, at 20 cents — $1.0(i. Total, $17.75. Now the outside or yard work : It will require 84 supers to hold this amount of honey, either comb or extracted, unless full-depth bodies are used for extracting, when only about 40 extras would bo needed. I will assume that the preparatory work — getting colonies ready to receive extras — is about equal. There cannot bo much difference. The hives once ready it re- quires very little lime to put on the extras, and here again the difference Is so slight that we will call it even. This practi- cally brings us to the taking off the honey. There is a number of plans or methods of removing sur- plus. If it is done by the use of escapes, we may again bal- ance labor, for there can be but little difference. If brushing is to be practiced, the difference would be a little in favor of comb. I consider either of these methods as too slow, too ex- pensive, and altogether unnecessary for an apiarist. A farm- er with a few colonies to supply his own table may well make use of the escape ; but the apiarist — though apiculture be not his sole occupation--should by all means have a honey-room. If he does not have such a room separate and into which he can carry bees and honey and have proper window-escapes, he should have a very cheap bit of room in the yard, and absolute- ly bee-proof, and window-escapes. I consider this the way, and have so practiced in a wholesale way. To remove the honey — either comb or extracted — I first smoke down the bees by shooting smoke in and above and keep them going like a flock of sheep, and quickly remove the super, and if a grass yard, swipe the bottom on the grass; but if no grass I use a great, big grass-brush and swipe this over the bottom. I then carry the super to the house and let the bees pass out through the window-escape. Since the foregoing is the better one I shall make my cal- culations upon that method. To remove the surplus in this manner we can again balance the labor, for it means about the same in either case, though if deep extracting-supers are used more bees will be carried to the house than with sections, and the more uncapt honey, the more bees will remain with it. This covers the yard work ; and, all things considered, we may say the difference in labor is scarcely worth noting. The question of swarming, however, comes up. Many will say that when extracted honey is produced, swarming is but little trouble. I know that it is possible to get fair results and very little swarming when working for extracted ; but if the methods to discourage swarming are pusht far enough to make it practical, the additional expense to make it a success for comb, or to stay with them to care for swarms, is not very great. However, it does take some more care, skill and ex- pense in the yard-work to produce comb ; but I propose to bal- ance this against the fact that the extracting must be done at once, while the sections once in the house they can wait till the rush is over to receive further attention. I can get into the house either comb or extracted honey with about the same time and labor ; but the extracted must be thrown out while warm, and while extracting we might be doing other yard work. Considering, then, that comb necessitates some more labor because of an increast tendency to swarming, and that the extracted demands care (extracting) immediately after be- ing removed from the hive while comb will wait for a slack time for cleaning. I must again balance the one against the other. Now let us consider the cost of marketing. We left the comb honey in shipping-cases and the extracted in 60-pound cans. The comb is ready for either retail or wholesale — the extracted ready only for wholesale. Comb honey usually goes at first-class freight, extracted at second or third class. If comb goes at .$1.00, extracted will go at about 75 cents, or )4, cent more on the comb. We took as a basis one ton of honey. We are not endeav- oring to get at the actual cost, but the comparative. Where we could balance one thing against another — or cancel com- mon factors — we have done so. We have figured the ton of comb, aside from common factors, at $40.80, and extracted at $17. 75 — a difference of about 1 '4 cents per pound more than the comb would cost. If you ship a distance costing $1.00 per 100 pounds, there would be about }^ cent more. Let us then say a difference of l}i cents. There is yet in the matter some uncounted cost. The production of extracted requires an investment in fixtures or plant that is not in a comb-honey plant. For comb honey we need a section-folder — Root lists the Hubbard at .$2.50; also a foundation fastener at .$1.00 — I prefer a combined machine worth about .$,3.00. These machines of various makes cost all the way up to about .$5.00. Root also lists uncapping- knivesat70 cents, and uncapping-cans at ,$7.00. Now, I am going to give the extracted product an advantage here, and "factor out " these items. This covers the comb-honey outfit, but there is needed for extracting, an extractor, ex- tracting-combs, strainers, buckets, etc. Extractors are listed at from .$7.00 to .$20 — we will say .$10 for an extractor; large settling-tank (cheap) at $5.00 ; buckets, strainers, etc., $3.00 total, $18. Now for extractlng-comb.a : Wo have counted to hold the 2,000 pounds in sections, 84 twenty-four section supers, so we will count 42 full-depth extracting-supers and 7 frames each, or 294 frames. It will cost about 8 to 10 cents per frame for foundation. According to Root's list they wire and (ill frames with thin foundation at $10 per hundred. Whether 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 99 foundation or natural combs are used they ought to be worth that, so we will put them iu at that price. At 7 frames we have 294, but wo will call it 300 at 10 cents each — $30. Add to this the cans, extractors and such, $18, and we have $4:8 to go into a permanent investment, and that is not one bit more than half what is really needed. It will not do to figure in these things on the one ton of honey — the interest, wear and tear and cost of maintaining them should come in, though the proportion of per cent, would diminish or increase as the crop was large or small. I am going to drop out this item, too, and see what we will realize on our ton of honey according to the foregoing figures. I find in this journal the following quotations for Chicago, at the time of this writing : " White comb, 12 to 13 cents " — say 123^ cents— $250 per ton. "White extracted, 5 to 7 cents," or $140 per ton at the top price. Referring back, you will find I have estimated the cost of comb to be I3-3 cents more per pound than extracted, while iu the markets we can I it must pass through several hands — hands unused to honey — It must be in sealed packages. Sealed packages soon run the cost away above that of comb. Comb honey gets its case at about 1 cent per pound, or less, but you cannot put up all pound packages of extracted for less than 3 to 5 cents, sealed against leakage. Now do not forget that I have been figuring comporative cost, not actual cost of producing the two articles. Actual cost is an ever-varying thing. Wo can figure very close on the cost outside of labor. True, it is not so much labor to produce one ton as to produce 10 tons ; but very often there is a lot of work done in anticipation, that we must do. Aside, however, from this we can figure the cost so that we can say with a reasonable accuracy that any given yield, and at given prices, will give us so much tor our labor. The gruit cost of honey is the labor, and extracted takes more of it, and piled up more, than does comb. There are those who think there Is little room for im- ^■' ■ ••■-• ! ; \ ' . ' '■JVii.H^.j^.f- i rpArtift.'IA .*pnB'"|''Jl Fiij- 1- FiiJ- 2. FUl. 3. get b}4 cents more per pound — a profit of 4 cents more for comb than extracted. We will suppose that we can produce 2 pounds of ex- tracted to 1 of comb — 2 tons to one. If one ton costs $17.75, 2 tons would cost $35.50, and bring according to the figures above, $280. Now deduct from this the freight on the extra ton, and the commission of o or 10 per cent., and there is no more money for the 2 tons of extracted than for the one ton of comb. The commission alone on the extra ton would be $14, leavjog $16 to pay the freight, which, at 75 cents, would be .SL5. Another thing to consider is retail packages for extracted. At present there is reaUy no market for extracted honey In retail pncfcnycs. I mean, of course, the wholesale market. You cannot find any quotations on extracted except in barrels or cans. Nearly all extracted honey candies more or less, and must be put into the retail package as soon as extracted, or else there must be an addition to your plant of a liquifying arrangement. Suppose, then, you put it into retail packages as you extract. The cheapest package is tin pails. These palls do not seal, and the honey cannot be shipt unless candied solid. The cheapest pail will cost hi cent per pound more than the 5-gallon can. Glass and sealing packages will cost from about 3 to 5 cents per pound, and there is no establlsJU market for them. They are not reyular, and may be you can sell and maybe not. Dealers do not want to risk such. If you live near town, and sell direct to customers, an unsealed package will do ; but if provement in apiculture, but I am not one of them. We must improve methods of produciug and marketing extracted honey or quit it. There is abundant room, I am sure, in one line, and that is in supplying home markets and siipplantiug the glucose and cheap syrup that is now on the market. Why is it that nearly everybody buys maple syrup at .$1.25 to to $1.50 per gallon when honey brings but .$1.00 per gallon, and less ? The reason is that our methods are so crude and our product so scarce that we just cannot get it to the con- sumer. Page Co., Iowa. The "New Champion" Chaff Hive. Figure 1 represents the New Champion double-walled chaff hive, made by R. H. Schmidt & Co., of Wisconsin. It can be used for comb honey and extracting at the same time if desired. It has a 3}.i-inch air-space that may be filled in winter with chaff, sawdust, or other packing material. This can be removed in the spring and the room used as an air- space during the summer days, by simply lifting out one or two sides (see Fig. 2), which are fastened by steel-wire pins, and can be replaced easily and quickly. The hive bottom is double, with a 2-inch chaff or sawdust filling. The hive is made of ?6-inch white pine lumber, planed on both sides and shiplapt. The outside beads are nailed up and down, on hardwood cleats, and the roof is tinned, making the 100 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 18, hive perfectly water-proof. This should make it a very dur- able hive. Figure 3 shows the various parts of the hive, which ex- plain themselves. An entrance feeder is also shown in Fig. 1. Amalgamation : Combining Against Aulteratlon BY MRS. L. C. AXTELL. Editor York : — We have been a member of the National Bee-Keepsrs' Union for several years, but guess we did not pay up for last year, and do not know if we have a right to vote on the amalgamation of the two societies or not. If we can vote, can you send in our ballot ? There has been a great deal written for and against amal- gamation, and probably a great many readers have been like us — have not read it all, and yet want a strong Union, and would vote for it if they knew just whom to vote for, and where to send their money. We ought to combine against adulteration and dishonest commission-men. We ought to compel those who mix up honey and glucose, to label it glucose and honey. We have had very nice looking packages of syrup in glass tumblers, with a small piece of comb honey, placed in our stores and sold as California honey, at a low price, and that brings our honey down to a like price, or it goes unsold until the adul- terated article is gone. That which was brought here a year ago last summer was called " California sage honey," put up in Chicago, by so and so, and one of our store-keepers, who was selling it, was loud in recommending it, and said that sage honey was the best honey in the world, and so it went off at first very fast ; but some said they did not want it the sec- ond time, tho it tasted very well. It tasted quite pleasant to me, but could not have been honey, or it would not have been sold so low. Now we can't prevent such articles of food being made and sold, but we ought to prevent it being sold as pure honey, when there is but a trifle of honey in it. We ought also to have some one who would look after our honey when it is sent to commission-men to be sold. There are so many ways that they can get ahead of us, and as we know it will do no good to say anything back to them, we must just keep still and take just what they are willing to give us. We ought to push our sales of honey at home more than we do. If it has to go cheap, let our neighbors have It cheap. The honey sold at home should be graded just as much as that sent to the cities, and let each one have his choice of price. Many will buy if they can get a cheap honey, and we might as well sell it cheap at home as to let the commission-men do so for us. Many times they are not to blame, for when so much honey is sent to them, they must get rid of it somehow. We had about 3,800 pounds of honey froca our 125 col- onies in 1896, and increast to 150 colonies. Warren Co., III. [Mrs. Axtell's letter reacht as Feb. 5 — four days after the polls closed. No dues have been called for now for two years, except from new members when joining. This is because enough money is, and has been, in the treasury to meet the expenses incurred. We presume that to all who were members In 189() were mailed the General Manager's 12th Annual Report. We re- ceived ours Jan. 11, 1897. Others should have had theirs about the same time, if all were mailed together. Upon referring to the list of members, we do not find the name of Axtell among them. That would account for the non-receipt of the Report and ballot. — Editor.] Preparing and Moving Bees In March. By C. r. DADANT. QoBS. — "I must move on the first of March. Will my bees suffer by being packt and transported at that time ? and would I better cover them up again ? — W. S." An8. — It Is diflicult to answer such a question by yes or so. The safety of transporting bees at that time depends consider- ably upon their condition. After a winter like the present, when they have had a chance to take a flight every few days, there Is much less danger of any loss in transporting them, as early as March ; for they are usually very strong In numbers, and have been breeding quite freely, often as early as Janu- ary. The hatching of young bees early in the year is the best security against spring dwindling. On the other hand, when the colony has been weakened by repeated losses, due to extremes of cold, or to the death of a part of the cluster, from its being on the outside combs, away from the main body, during a protracted cold spell, there Is but little tendency to brood-rearing and the colony is unable to recuperate its losses, be they ever so small, until the warm days enable them to create a sufficient heat to encourage the queen to lay. Thus, after a long, cold winter, if the bees have barely commenced to breed, there is a great deal of danger in the transporting of them early, as the loss of a few bees that may occur will weaken the colony that much more. If the breeding is not sufficient to keep up the force, there are con- tinuous losses of bees in cool, windy days, especially when they feel the necessity of going out after pollen or water. Some of the most noted naturalists tell us that bees do not need water for their brood ; that they can rear plenty of young bees without a drop of water ; but the practical apiarist who learns bee-culture by the experience of daily observation, knows that the bees do use a great deal of water. He has ob- served them, in early springs, around streams, pumping up the moisture from between the grains of sand on the river's edge, or the dew from the moist leaves ; he has seen them ven- ture out in cool days, evidently with no other purpose than that of getting water, and he knows that, altho they may be able to breed some without water when honey is fresh and thin, they surely need a great deal of it to prepare the food for the larvM when the honey is thick and the pollen dry, as it must be after winter. We would, therefore, say : After an open winter — one in which the bees have had a flight once every two or three weeks, or oftener — if they have sustained but little loss and have plenty of brood, we would not hesitate to transport them in the beginning of March, and would think it hardly neces- sary to pack them up again, except perhaps the weak colonies, of which there are always a few in a good-sized apiary ; but if the winter has been hard, if the breeding has barely begun, or if there have been heavy losses, we would use a great deal of care, and would surely give them a new packing when placed on their new stands. There is one case in which we would entirely abstain from transporting them on March first, and that is, if the weather has been so that they have not had a flight for a month or more previous to moving them, and if the weather is still so rude as to prevent their flight shortly after they have been re- moved. The moving would disturb them and would cause them to scatter about the hive. Probably a number of bees in each hive would be chilled. Perhaps, also, the extra exertion would induce them to consume more than usual, and their in- testines, already loaded with feces, would become so much more embarrast, and the result, unless a warm day came quick- ly, would very probably be disastrous. In any case, it is well to move them shortly after they have had one good flight. Rather move them a little earlier, after a good flight, than wait and disturb them during a two weeks' or three weeks' confinement, such as we sometimes see in March, especially in late winters. One thing above all, is very important: Be sure that they are compelled, on their first flight after the change, to notice their change of residence. If they cannot fly out the very day on which they are moved, they will be quite likely, when the excitement is over, to Issue out of the hive, as if nothing had happened— that is, without looking behind. A bee, in Its first two or three flights out of its hive, takes a close observation of the surroundings and notices the exact spot of its home so closely that if you move the hive afterwards, if it were but one foot in any direction, it will have some diflSculty In recog- nizing the entrance. After the first two or three flights, the bee never looks back, but darts out straight. So if you move them and they do not have a chance to fly for two or three days, or even till the next day, the excitement being over, they will have prob- ably forgotten all about it, and will not even suspect that the location has been changed. The bees will issue as usual in a straight line, and will not notice the change till they are a few feet away ; perhaps they will not think of looking back be- fore they have gone a hundred feet or more. Then, if there are a number of hives close together, there will be some con- fusion, and many bees will be lost. There is a very simple way to prevent this. Place something in front of the hives, so they may know, before they take wing, that there Is a change in the outside conditions. We use a slanting board In front of the entrance, around which they have to fly. This calls their attention to the change at once. Another way is to keep tho hives closed till the middle of a warm day ; but this method will irritate them more than the flrst. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. lOi Report of the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Couveutiou, Held at Mt. Pleasant. BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON. [Continued from page 86.] The Secretary then read a paper from Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Lapeer Co., entitled, REOUIREWBNTS OF THE HIVE. I have found myself willing to write upon the well-worn topic of the bee-hive, because there is perhaps no point relat- ing to bee-keeping about which I am askt so many questions as this. It is well to understand that the bees themselves are not much concerned about the characteristics of their hive — they will store as much honey, other thinors being equal, in a shoe- box or a nail-keg as in a hive of the latest pattern or patent. So the form of the bive is a mere question of convenience to the apiarist. He may shape it so as best to secure the object he has in view. But bee-keepers have many objects, so hives are wanted, 1st, for catching moths; 2nd, for pleasure ; 3rd, for preventing swarming ; 4th, for producing bees ; 5th, for wintering bees; 6th, for rearing queens ; 7th, for producing extracted honey ; 8th, for producing comb honey. Fortunately, a different kind of bive is not required for each of these objects ; if a hive is to be selected for one object, an eye may be had also to points calculated to secure other objects that are subsidiary and yet necessary to the full attain- ment of the main one ; thus, whatever the main object, the hive must be such that it will prove as little fatal to the bees in winter time as possible. Still, no particular hive is likely to prove the best for all purposes. The numbers of those who delight in hives simply on account of their moth-catching qualities are of course small, but as there are some whose chief pleasure and occupation in life is to tame mosquitoes and train fleas to perform tricks, we are not to be surprised that there are some whose chief consideration it is to trap wax-moths. It might be well if all of that type of bee-keepers were confined to moth-trapping. To be clast with these are those who keep bees and select hives for pleasure only ; not that they are equally eccentric, but because the prescribing of hives for each of these two classes is alike outside the lines of apiculture proper. Intermediate between these two classes and those that have an eye strictly to financial returns are those who are intensely interested in non-swarming, producing bees, and In wintering bees. I call these intermediate because a part of each class is so passionately absorbed in inventing or other- wise securing or in testing a hive specifically adapted to the attainment of one of these ends that all interest in the primary objects of bee-culture are so lost that they fade out of view — (who has not met those who are in ecstacies over their large or frequent swarms, yet who either forget to put on the sur- plus boxes or to take them off?) — while the other part make these objects more or less subsidiary to the attainment of the proper rewards of bee-keeping. The first part of these classes must be relegated to a place with those who are pursuing pleasure and moths; with the hope, nevertheless, that by chance some device may be hit upon by them sometime that will be found worthy to be incorporated into the mass of real value to apiculture, while the latter part will receive such brief attention in connection with hives for honey-production as the limits of this paper will permit. While queen-rearing is a legitimate department of bee- keeping, yet the characteristics of the hive best adapted to that branch is only of special interest to so few that I would not be warranted in taking time on the topic, even if I could hope to make any valuable suggestion touching it. The hive in use for other purposes will generally be found sufficiently serviceable for this. This brings me to the important point of this subject — the hive best adapted to the production of honey. I confine my- self to a discussion of the brood-chamber, and that chiefly in relation to general principles. The successful production of honey is the oneovershadow- ing object of apiculture, and to this in my estimation all others ought to be made unhesitatingly to bow. For my use, at least, there are certain qualities which a hive for that purpose must not possess : 1st. It must not be expensive. Fifteen or 20 cents should purchase lumber enough of sufficiently good quality for body, cover, and bottom. Lumber called " shipping culls," of white pine, is good enough for the body, and a grade or two better will do for covers and bottoms, if the best of It is selected for covers. The apiarist must not be seduced by one or two good crops into failure in point of economy. 2nd. It must not be cumbersome. Its bulk and weight should be as small as may be, loose parts and projections should be avoided except where tliat is impossible. A hive that cannot be handled easily by one man when it contains a colony of bees with stores enough for winter is, as a rule, to be shunned. There may be an exception where the hive is seldom or never to be moved summer or winter. Even the risk of the displacements of the combs would, I think, better be obviated by fixed frames. 3rd. It must not be complicated. Slides, drawers and such like traps never work well inside of a box occupied by bees, and if they would, they could hardly accomplish any- thing which may not be more easily attained by simplicity. Besides these negative points there are, in my view, some positive qualities to be sought for in any hive at all well calcu- lated for an apiary to be conducted for the highest net profit. The first and most important of these is that the hive be fitted to conveniently repress the production of bees that can only detract from the net income. No doubt there are localities where, on account of the continuous character of the honey- flow, or from the fact that the late crop is abundant and equally valuable, or nearly so, pound for pound, with that of the early crop, this matter may not require consideration, but in localities like central Michigan, where the June and early July honey from white clover and basswood is nearly twice as valuable pound for pound as that gathered in the fall ; and where the fall crop is generally scant or entirely wanting, and in any case a period of 30 or 40 days of entire dearth between basswood and fall flowers, it is of the first Importance. I have heretofore attempted to show, and have, at least, about convinced myself that it costs two pounds of honey to rear one pound of brood, and that as a Langstroth frame is capable of containing two pounds of brood, therefore, I hold that one such frame of brood costs four pounds of honey. Moreover, it needs no argument to show that five such frames will contain sufficient brood to keep the colony up to the highest strength desirable in this locality for fall and winter purposes. Suppose, now, the clover and basswood season here, any given year, July 15, it is evident, since it requires 35 days from the laying of the egg to mature a field-worker, that all eggs laid in any colony in excess of the number required to keep comb to the extent of five Langstroth frames supplied with brood can produce no bees that will prove of any practi- cal utility. During these 35 days — the height of the season — average queens, if allowed room, will keep eight frames filled with brood, and as it is for nearly 1% generations, the total excess over the required five frames would amount to about five times during the 35 days at an expense of 20 pounds of honey, or in an apiary of 1< lO colonies a matter of $200 to $250. If space permitted it would be easy to mention one or two other items that would make the amount considerably more. It would be comparatively easy to select a hive that would secure the repression, if it were permissible at no time of the year to allow more than five Langstroth frames of brood, but it is just as imperative that every cell possible be used pre- vious to June 10, as that unnecessary brood should be pre- vented after that date. The selection of a hive must be made, therefore, first, with reference to the earlier period. In the production of extracted honey the size of the hive during this period would not be very material, as honey in combs at the side of the brood-nest would be about as valuable as that in combs above it, but for the production of comb honey it should be of such size as to give as nearly as possible merely room for the brood, and thus secure the storing of the honey in the sections where it will be of double value. In this locality only a small proportion of colonies would occupy more than eight Langstroth frames with brood prior to June 10, so I deem a hive of greater capacity than that objectionable for the production of comb honey. If the field was lightly siockt with bees, so that as large an Increase as possible were desirable for the gathering of the crop, each queen could 102 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 18, be given abundant roona for the display of her powers by ex- changing combs between the stronger and weaker colonies. This line of thought would seem to fix our choice of hives on the eight-frame Langstroth, but it has points which fail to give satisfaction when it is proposed to put contraction in force, about June 10. Still this contraction, which, in prac- tice, is largely confined to swarms, can be accomplisht with this hive by removing three of "the frames and filling the vacant space with dummies. This accomplishes the desired contraction, but it also contracts the upper surface of the brood-nest. This is not desirable, since, for the best work in the sections, it is necessary that the heat and the aroma of the brood-nest should ascend freely to all parts of the section- case. At this point I am sometimes moved to pray those who are so sure they can breed the swarming instinct out of the bees, to breed out also the disposition to build combs perpen- dicularly, and bring them to build their combs horizontally. With this accomplisht we would have the perfection hive in- deed— simply frames piled horizontally on the top of one another with the ability to make its capacity suit the colony or the apiarist by simply removing or adding frames without In any way affecting the desirable qualities of the hive. If this should fail, will some one give us a hive composed of sec- tions about three inches in depth which may readily be placed one above another without bee-spaces between them and yet without crushing bees. I want them so they could be easily f urnisht with foundation for the combs, but I would not care to have the combs movable. In the absence of this, we have as the nearest approach to it the Heddon hive with sections approaching six inches In depth. The sections have bee- spaces, but the spaces are not undesirable when the sections are of that depth. As each section of this hive has the capacity of five Langstroth frames, it answers excellently for the purposes of contraction, but for most colonies previous to the period of contraction, one section is too small, and two are too large to satisfy me fully. I am sometimes inclined to think that if a portion of the sections were of the depth of about three inches they could be combined with the others in a more satisfactory way. Without entering into further details I have sufficiently Indicated the characteristics which I think the hive to be adopted should possess, so let it suffice to say that either of the hives indicated will answer equally well, with any other, all the other legitimate ends of the apiarist. E. L. Taylor. Mr. Hutchinson — Complete combs could be used horizon- tally for making a brood-nest. Brood can be reared and honey stored in a comb placed in a horizontal position. I ouce laid a comb of honey over a colony destitute of stores. It was overlookt for some time, and when I finally found it it was a comb of brood. Mr. Doane— I have used the wide, deep top-bars. They help to prevent brace and burr combs, but not to any great extent. They help mostly by preserving the proper bee- spaces. With the old style of top-bars, they sagged, and then the bees had to make ladders in order to get into the supers. If the spaces are right no ladders are needed. Mr. Fordyce — I have used the Hoffman frames, and I don't like them. They are stuck together too solid with propo- lis. A hatchet Is needed to get them apart when once they are well stuck together. Mr. Bingham — Any practical bee-keeper ought to know that of all the traps made to catch beeglue, the Hoffman frame beats them all. With black bees, there was not so much need for closed-end frames, but the Italians are so given to crowding in all of the honey possible near the brood-nest, that much of it is crowded in behind the end-bars. When I bought Italian queens, and paid S^l" apiece for them, I was not long in learning that something must be done if I didn't want several pounds of honey in each hive tucked away be- hind the end-bars instead of in the sections. For this reason I made closed-end frames. (Concluded next weeli.) A NC'w Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should got it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as thoy are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. OONDUCTED BY DJt. C. O. SIXLLER, MAJtENGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] Material for Cu§liion§ and Xll,TRY. Wlie.it and corn do not ]i;iy by comparison You may smile, lint have yon ever tried kcepmR ponUn,- riiiht. Tlie crr bnskcl is a handy sonrce o( revenue tllese hard times THE POULTRY KEEPER, Bo» +1 PaRKESBURC. Pa. Socts. a year tells how It IS done, bample free. The paper i year and four grand Ponltry Books, $i Write to-day Questiot;)'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Flavor of Extracted Honey from Old Brood-Combs Compared with Section Honey. Query 44.— Can you (ret extracted honey from old brood-combs of as fine flavor as that in flrst-cIass sections ?— Mich. H. D. Cutting— No. Eugene Secor — Yes. Chas. Dadant & Son — Yes. Mrs. J. N. Heater — No, sir. Dr. A. B. Mason — No, sir'ee. G. M. Doolittle — I so believe. Prof. A. J. Cook — Just as good. Dr. C. 0. Miller — I'm afraid not. Jas. A.«Stone — I have never tried it. R. L. Taylor — Yes, if they have been kept In good condition. E. France — No. But there is not as much difference as one would think. Mrs. L. Harrison — I should think that the flavor would be as fine, but be darker in color. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— That from the sections will have the best flavor and the best color. P. H. El wood — No, nor from any other kind of comb will the flavor be as good as comb honey. J. A. Green — Yes, if the combs have not been placed so that pollen has been deposited in them. C. H. Dibbern — Yes, the flavor seems to be all right ; but it is usually darker and not so salable. W. G. Larrabee — Not unless the frames have been used for nothing but extracted honey for several years. Emerson T. Abbott — If the old combs are clean, I think the honey will be all right. At least this has been my experi- ence. Rev. M. Mahin — I have not seen any difference, if the honey is extracted from the old combs as soon as it is sealed, or not long after. G. W. Demaree — Undoubtedly, I can. As a rule, bees clean and polish the cells of both old and new combs thoroughly before depositing honey in them. J. M. Hambaugh — While the flavor of the two will probably be the same, the color of the honey from the old combs may be darker. This, however, is owing to the condition of the old combs. A. P. Brown — Yes, beyond question. I have produced many tons of choice ex- tracted honey in old combs, four, five, or ten years old. The fine flavor comes from allowing the bees to thoroughly ripen it in the hive. J. E. Pond — It will depend entirely upon what the bees fill them with. I prefer old combs to extract from, as they are stronger, and will stand the work of extracting better. I am assuming, how- ever, that the old combs are clean and nice before the bees fill them. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bke Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 107 C AND — the unhappy and hopeless con- ' I dition of many a wife and mother I ) in the country home, all because ( I they have not tried a remedy that j I is within their easy reach. One ^ ' which has brought more health, * happiness and sunshine into life I than any remedy ever known. Its | I name is 'YiaX'MK^i I It never fails in BRIGHTS DISEASE, URINARY DISEASES, FEMALE COMPLAINTS, GENERAL DEBILITY. AND MALARIA. It Is a purely vegetable prepar* [ ation, and numbers its euros by thousands. Try it and walk in j newness of life. Large sized bottles or now style j I smaller ones at your nearest store. •:T:iiTtjt€i# Menf tor. the Americar. Bee Jowmai, Honey - Clovers ! We have made arranjrements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: olb lOB) 251b 501b Alsike Clover .. . « .70 11.25 J3.00 » 5.7.T Sweet Clover (white) 65 1.20 2.75 5. CO White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7 Ou Alfalfa Clover 65 1.10 2.70 5.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. TORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. 1 H ATCHChjckens BY ST«M- EXCELSIOR Incubator Simptf. PtT/'rt, Set/- Rtguiat- i"g- Tbouaaiida !□ successTcI ni.cratioo. I.owent priced drst-clatu Ilat4^hcr made. «EO. II. STAIIL. 114 t«18g 8. 6th St. QiilncT.ni. 44A26t Mention the American Bee Journal- Veil. O Yell, 4»*vi:i.i.<>\vxo:>K«« Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. Mmition r./i« ^rncricnn Oce JcurtijC, - I Traction, I'ortrih.e andSt-ni-Port- abie. iSimi le aria Compoiui'i. A Iso Tliresberei.HorsePowersi.biiw Mills NGINE Send for illu-'itrfltedcntRloKne free Ourj* are eqmil to all — Surpiis-ed by nnne. "I:^ n wny we hove." M. Rumely Co. Laporte,lnd. -»-00 » O Mention the American UeeJoumo-l, Immense Growth of White Clover. Bees, so far as a crop of honey was con- cerned, were a complete failure here, but the wet season started an immense crop of white clover, that we hope will even things up this year, A. C. Matthias, M. D. Putnam Co., Ohio. Report for 1896. I started last spring with 2 colonies, in- creast to S, and took about 30 pounds of nice, white clover honey. I get the Ameri- can Bee Journal every Friday, and it is a welcome visitor at my home. S. H. Stouffer. Blair Co., Pa., Feb. 3. Bees Domg Well. We are having the coldest weather we have had this winter. I am very well pleased with the Bee Journal. My two col- onies of bees are doing very well so far. In this section of the country the most of the people keep all the way from 3 to 10 colo- nies, which they handle on the old-fogy style. One of my neighbors is wintering his bees in a way which, if it proves all right, I will explain later on. James A. Davis. Appanoose Co., Iowa, Jan. 25. Yellow Sweet Clover — Amalgamation I have been interested in what I have read in the Bee Journal about sweet clover as a honey-plant, and would like to ask where I can get yellow sweet clover seed in small quantities. The basswood is being rapidly cut off, and beekeepers who own farms ought to raise Alsike, white and sweet clover— something that provides bee- pasture as well as ordinary farm crops. I, for one, am in favor of amalgamation, and think that a majority of the members of the old Union will vote that way. The old Union has outlived its usefulness, when it fails tj take up such cases as are men- tioued on page 40. We who pay our dollars as members want protection, if necessary. Bees are wintering fairly well up to date, but the worst part of the winter is to come yet. I have 80 colonies packt on the sum- mer stands, and 1-5 in the cellar. The honey crop was fairly good here from bass- wood and buckwheat. Success to the " Old Reliable." Ward Lamkin. Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 26. [Just as soon as we find some of the yel- low sweet clover seed, we will announce in these columns where it can be had. At present we do not know where there is enough to be worth mentioning.— Editor.] Report for the Past Season. The past season was not as good as ex- pected. The spring opened very bright, and the bees were in pretty good condition to gather a big crop of honey. The white clover began to bloom the last of May, and the forepart of June the bees did very well on it— they stored the honey in the supers quite well. The best of the honey- flow stopt the latter part of June, but the bees still gathered enough to keep them in good condition, and all colonies were very strong in bees. White clover has a good stand for next year. In July the basswood began to bloom, and they were just loaded with blossoms — lookt as if we were going to have a big crop of honey. When they were in mid- bloom the bees did not work on them yet. which I did not know any reason for, but as I examined the blossoms, by picking them apart with the fingers, there flew out lots of little insects, which lookt like little, SEEPS! SPECIAL OFFER MADE TO BUILD NEW BUSINESS. K lr-l:,l t.lil tiiiil,*' v.. 11 I'ur IVrinltlinil (■n^lulm■^. ' A VEGETABLE GARDEN FOR THE COST OF POSTAQC. PRIZE NOTE THE FIVE COLLECTION. ASSORTMENT. PKCS. Radish— 1" varieties; Lettuce— 9 kind8;Tom- atoes- 1 fineatjTurnips— 6 splendid; mid Onions— 6 beet varietie.>i. SEND TEN CENTS '° ™ " """"^^ °'"' packing, and receive collection of seeda postpaid. . ..,-. \\ rite to-duy this valuiihle ^IJUARAM'KED TO PLEASE, and receive my new Seed and Plaut Book H- W. BUCKBEE,""'''*^"''** **'''■** *"■■""■ T. o. Hoi 637 Rockford, III, Meiitkni the A.mei*ican Bee JountrJ^ 4-^^^I<^^-^^^I*^^A An honest, efficient YfillowT-nnftR * remedy for all Fevers. ♦ r^ „ °^ , ?®^ •^ Headaches. Colds. Neu § ForPa.ri anil Fever g ralgia. Grip, Rheuma- T'^^>>^^'^^*;'>^^y tlsm. etc. A general service remedy that win please you, or money refunded. " Its a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." ■' They knock headaches clear to the horizon." '■ Too much cannot be said in praise of them." "I was Bufferintt from Neuralgia, and found quick relief." " I got more relief from Rheumatism in 12 hours after taking Vellowzones than from all else, the I was a skeptic." f^~ See A. B. J., pages 809, 812, Dec. 17. 1 Box, 2oc.; 6 Boxes, $1 ; most orders are$l. W. B. House, ^'^r' Detour, Mich. Mention the American Bee Journal. 6D3t f Early Italian Queens? Up till the middle of April at ttiese prices: Untested, 75c.; Tested, $1.25. E. li. CARRIISOTON, 6A17t De Fanlak Sprlnas, Fla. RIfi MONEY IN POULTRY I'-t Stock and InciJhiH(irr% if cuiiducted .ncnrdinc to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits" jusiuut und sent postpaid with our ly97 Cataloeue f.ir 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best eugs ;.n<>g<>l All Uoot'sGonds. VlIV WIIU i^,.,„i Hat of what you want and get price. in. H. HUNT, Hell liruiirli., ITIIrli. WHEN ANBWCHINO THIS AOVCHTIBEMENT. MENTION THIM JOURNM,. white flies, and which I suppose was the cause of their yielding no nectar in this locality. We generally get most of our honey crop in the fall, from wild flowers, which grow on the lowlands of the Mississippi bottoms, but as the high water stood on the bottoms too long for a good field of flowers, some of the honey-plants never showed up at all, and those that came did not seem to yield any nectar. All the colonies were light in stores, and we had to feed them in the fall for winter stores. Last fall we had lots of rain, and white clover looks better than ever. We put our 88 colonies in the cellar Nov. 39, and they are very quiet and in good condition so far. I hope that the two Unions will unite, when 1 think every bee-keeper will join it. In one respect it was a streak of luck that we lid not get a big crop of honey this year, or maybe we would have been caught by some dishonest honey-dealer, too. The American Bee Journal did all it could to save the bee-keepers from getting robbed by the honey-swindlers. I think the way the dishonest honey commission men cheated some of the bee-keepers out of their honey will be a warning to those lucky enough not to get caught by them ; but there will be some more new dishonest honey-men, it nothing is done in the line to prevent it. The American Bee Journal is more crowded than ever with good, interesting information, and I hope the bee-keepers will stand shoulder to shoulder with Mr. York to guard their own interests. Edward Yaunke. Winona Co., Minn., Jan. 14, Experiment — Difference in Colonies. It seems that we Texas folks have no representative in the "Old Reliable." One would perhaps conclude that the bee-keep- ers in the South were all dead, or moved further south, got rich, and had gone into the railroad business. Such is not the case. Many of us are still kicking against great odds and little ends. Bees are in fair condition, the winter mild, rain plentiful, and the outlook for an early houey-flow from horsemint is excel- lent. The whole earth, in this locality, is covered with the plant. The writer and a neighbor — Uncle John Cams — have conducted an experiment rela- tive to the cause of such a vast difference between colonies situated in the same yard. The results of our experiments have proved very conclusively, to my mind, that if all queens are well developt, not older than two years, purely bred, all comiis straight in the brood-chamber, sufficient supplies for brood-rearing in early spring, all run for extracted honey, and work done in order, there will not be a difference of five pounds between the colonies. Until we can have uniformity along this line, we cannot claim to have reduced apiculture to a science. We frequently hear bee-men say that some colonies did very well, while others did nothing, and will have to be fed. In eases like this, all else being favorable, I would advise procuring a new queen, and the immediate execution of the old one. C. B. Bankston. Burleson Co., Tex., Jan. 37. Results of the Last Season. I commenced last spring with 30 colonies, and :i weak ones— one had lost its queen ; as soon as I ascertained the fact, I sent to Texas, and after waiting about two weeks I received a queen. This was the beginning of May. I had given up getting one by that time. My (|ueeus began to lay, so I gave them eggs in the comb; they built a queeucell, and the queen was hatcht, but 1 had received my queen. This was near the first of June; I made a nucleus, putting the queen which I had received therein. In two or three days I opened the hive, and to my surprise not a beeijwas to be !?,^! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Vello^v^ BeeS'wax delivered to our ofiSce till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta, proiuptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st. , CHICAGO. ILL. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices, Ponder'8 Honey - Jars, and every thln^ used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. iree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis. Indiana. •'W/i"'"P0V»tll'5flp* WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT. MENTION THIS JOURNAU t3r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK UNG DISEASES. That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. r ^H ,^n years' experience. If your case is ^^^^sufliciently serious torequire expert medi- ^^^Hcal treatment, address ■^H Or. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. Me^'MoT't the AnvA'-'/'Gr", B^b J'mitfmriA BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 41nch " Smoke Engine." Is It too large? Will It last too long ? Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular, fi stzes and prices of Biugham Smokers and Knives. X. F. BIINOHAITI, Farwell, Ifllcli. 5 Ate Mentwn the AmcTrican Bee Journals CARLOADS Of Bee-lllves. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everylbiiig used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. \V. II. PUTNAffI, HivEB Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Mention tlie A.>ncric(in Bee JmirtiaL MniVa HONEY-EXTRACTOR lUUlll N Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepehs' Supplies in general, etc,, etc Send for our new catalog. " Practical Hliitii " will be mailed for 10c. In stamps. Apply to— Chas, F. Mutli & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio, Mention the American Bee Journal. or tills Juiirnul who write to any of our advertlDers, citlier Id ordcrliist or aii»'( one rtew nntne for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mall you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn .30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. PROF. A. J. COOK'S BOOK FREE ! The Bee-Keeper's Guide MANUAL OF VhE APIARY. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite un- necessary—it Is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author Is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- ?uire any introduction. No bee-keeper is ully equipped, or his library complete, with- out " The Bee-Keeper's Guide." Given For 2 New Subscribers. The following offer Is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with J'-.OOt, and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1. •25. or we club It with tne Bee Journal for a year —both together for only 81.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the bool AS a premium. Let everybody try for it Will you have one '^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. seen — queen and all gone. I then lookt at the other hive that I had given a comb with eggs, and no queen to be found there, but they had started worker-brood. I then took the " A B C of Bee-Culture," and there I found a remedy. I put an empty hive in its place as nearly the same in color as possible: then I took the othercolony off about 10 rods, shook all tbe bees in the grass, and returned tbe comb to the empty hive, till I got all the combs back, save one that contained worker-brood. I then gave them a queen-cell ready to batch, and in about -18 hours the queen %Tas out. I waited till she became fertile, then I gave them a frame of brood. By fall I had a good col- ony. Now I will return to my nucleus : I took the comb of brood and gave it to another colony, and in due time they all hatcht. The 30 colonies all sent out a prime swarm. One of the swarms clustered on a tree in the city. I had enough swarms later on to make me 75 colonies, but some were rather light. I got -100 pounds of comb honey, mostly basswood and clover, and 200 of extracted. Clover lookt splendid the first of this month, then it was coTered with snow. We are having splendid sleighing at this date. Tbe mercury on the 24th, at sunrise, was at zero; on the 25th, 6 degrees below, with high winds. Jacob Moore. Ionia Co., Mich., Jan. 28. Svtrrounded -with Honey-Plants. I have built a small house and a good hen house on two acres, where there are large fields of alfalfa all around, acres of the common white sweet clover within a few hundred yards, with a good lot of cleome growing in the unbroken pasture above the ditch and ditch banks, roadsides, etc., be- side a pretty varied wild flora due to dirty farming and unused patches ; and plenty of Cottonwood and willows on the ditch bank and Lapoudre river. Weld Co., Colo. Walter A. Varian. Are Bees Domestic Animals ? To the above question I answer no, not if I understand the meaning of " domestic." 1st. Because you cannot tame them as you do other animals. For instance, the bees in tbe timber are just as tame as those in tbe hive, and tbe bees in the hive will sting just as readily as the bees in the tim- ber. 2nd. They are not domestic animals be- cause there is no assurance of their remain- ing; they may be in your hive to day and somewhere else to-morrow, and you cannot identify them unless you follow them from your hive to where they go. It your cow or horse goes to your neighbor, you go and identify your property. iird. But the bee is an animal in every sense of the word, because it belongs to the animal kingdom. In nature we have three kingdoms only — the animal, mineral and vegetable — and the bee is not mineral nor vegetable, so it must be animal. But some say it is a bug or insect. What is an insect if not an animal ? Four or five years ago the board of supervisors in our county con- cluded they would tax bees, because they were profitaljle to the farmer. Part of the assessors assest them, and part did not, and the board were afraid to try the merits of the case in court, and dropt the case, and did not assess bees any more. The bee is not taxable property in Iowa, because all animals must be six months old in order to be taxable property— except dogs, and they are not taxt according to value, but per capita. So I take the posi- tion that tlie honey-bee is an animal, but not a domestic animal. O. P. Miller. Guthrie Co., Iowa. Wintering Bees. I put my bees into winter quarters Nov. 17, 1S96. I put 18 colonies into a shed open to the south, with cushions, etc., on top of the frames, with the supers on. Tbe hives are about IS inches apart, packt between and at the back with straw, und covered over with blankets, old sheep-skins, etc. I have 10 colonies in the cellar, where I al- ways wintered my bees before this, but I am getting old, and it is hard work to carry bees in and out of the cellar. I thought I would try the shed for some of them. I left one chaff hive on the summer stand, and one colony in a large, hollow log. 1 got my son and his hired band to roll it in- to the bee-yard, and set it up, and I painted it and put it in good shape, just for fun, and to see what they will do. If they ever fill it, I will put supers on the top. My bees all seem to be doing well so far. They had a good flight on New Year's day. They came out some to-day. I nailed up boards on tbe south side of the shed to shade tbe hives from the sun. One bee- keeper said I would better shut the bees in their hives so they can't fly out and get chilled. Noah Miller. Iowa Co., Iowa, Feb. 3. Books on Keeping 'WeU. In a letter from Illinois, dated Jan. 26, the writer wishes me to tell in the Ameri- can Bee Journal how to cook. etc. Now it appears to me that he wants to know what is the proper kind of food, and how much, and when is tbe proper time to eat, etc. Then, again, I am requested by many to write a cook-book on my method of treat- ment. Well, I have no time to write a cookbook, or any other book, at present, and then tbe American Bee Journal is not the proper periodical in which to publish such subjects. Now there is any quan- tity of excellent books publisht, and if the public will only read them, and then put their precepts into practice, there will be no necessity of being sick. Sickness of all kinds is certainly avoidable. Now I pro- pose to tell the readers of the American Bee Journal a few of those books that I can recommend. Dr. Emmett Densmore. an English physi- cian's book, " How Nature Cures," single copy, ?2.00, postpaid. It is an excellent work. It tells how to treat all kinds of fevers without medicine, what the natural food of man is, etc. — just what one wants. Then there is the " New Methods in Health and Disease Without the Use of Drugs," by Dr. W. E. Forrest, 270 pages. 110 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Pel. 18, It is a thorough and scientific system, and the means for carrying it out can be found in every home. No expense, and any intelligent person can carry it out or apply it. The new method is just as important in preserving health as in curing disease. Price, $1.00, postpaid. Dr. Dewey's two books are extraordinarily good ; both to- gether. s;ioo. Dr. Charles E. Page's works. '■ Natural Cure of Consumption." and " How to Feed the Baby." worth their weight in gold to any one raising babies. " Pneumonia and Typhoid Fever without Medicine," in tact all fevers. He says just as I do, that all fevers can be cured from a few hours to three days. He has treated cases success- fully by telegraph, at St. Paul and New York, from Boston. Then you can get a book on massage, by Dr. Taylor, 85 cents, by mail. That will tell you bow to cure almost any kind of disease mechanically, both by hand and machinery, as it is sure to purify the blood and equalize the circulation. Massage is my principal method, although I think I have made considerable advance in my 40 years of practical experience. Understand that, like my bee-keeping. I learned this method before I ever saw the books. Then there is Dr. Joel Shew's "Hydro- pathic Family Physician." one of the very best works on hydropathy for family use. Now understand, my bee-keeping friends, that you can learn by these books a great deal better than I could when I had to pick it up alone, as you might say. I can now step into a sick-room with all the confidence that you can possibly have when you un- dertake to open and examine a colony of bees, with my knowledge of hygiene, exer- cise by massage, hydropathy, etc. Instead of killing pain, we remove the cause in a very few minutes, and the pain ceases. The fire bell rings the alarm of fire. What would you do ? Stop the bell from ringing ? No, by no means. Put out the fire, and then there is no necessity of ringing the bell. Dr. E. Gallup. [Upon receipt of the price named, we can supply any of the books mentioned by Dr. Gallup. — Editor.] Poor Season Last Year. I like the American Bee Journal very much ; it is always a welcome visitor. Last season was a very poor one for my bees. I had to feed them. I am a beginner, and have but two colonies, but they are doing nicely. Fred Hassmann. Madison Co., 111., Jan. 28. Prospect for a Good Honey-Flow. We are now about in the middle of our •winter, or the time that we keep our bees in their winter quarters. I examined them a few days ago, and found all alive, and in a healthy condition. The prospect is now good for a good honey-flow next season. S. B. Smith. Stevens Co., Minn., Jan. HO. Did 'Well I4-8c.; amber, 5 5!4c.; dark, 4-4Wc. Beeswax, 25c. San Prancisco, Calif., Jan, 27,— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, (i-7c. Extracted, white, o-SHc; light amber, 4-4!4c.; amber colored and candled, 3-^c ; dark tule, 25£c. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-25c. Philadelphia, Pa., Peb, 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C : fancy amber. JS-Oc. ; No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7c.; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3Vi-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. St. liOois, Mo., Dec. 30.— Fancy white, 14c. ; No. 1 white, t24c.; No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7c.: in barrels. 5@oi4c.; amber, 4H@43i[c.; dark. 3!4@4c. Beeswax. 28)4@27c. Baker stock of extracted honey, 4@5c ; stock very scarce. Fair receipts of comb. Beeswax in good demand, Detroit, Mich., Jan. 9.— Fancy white. 13- 14c; No. 1. 12-13C.; fancy amber, ll-12c.: No. 1 amber, lO-llc; fancy dark, 9-lOc.; No, 1, 8-9c. Extracted, white, 5V4-6c,; amber, oc; dark, 4-4 ^c. Beeswax, 25-26c. Minneapolis, Minn,, Deo. 31. — Fancy white. ll®12o.; No. 1 white, lOtaUc; fancy amber. 9@10c. ; No. 1 amber. Sane; fancy dark, 7@8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Bxtraoted, white, 6@7c. ; amber. n(^5^c. ; dark. 4(a5c. Utah white extracted. sasKc. Beeswax. 23® 26c. Market fiilrly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, N. Y., Peb 5.— Strictly fancy comb, 1-pound, moving quite well at 9 and 10 cents, while we hear ot some grades a little less. No. 2 and other grades range from 7 to 5 cts. Quite liberal amounts can be sold if forced. Extracted, 3-5c. Better write before spip- ping. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ilia. R, A. Burnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New ¥ork, N. Y. BrLDRETH Bros. & Seqelken, Kausan City, Wo, 0. C. CI.EM0M8 & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnfialo, N. ¥. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wu. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. LoiiiD, ino. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St mnneapullM, lUiun. S. H. Hall & Co. Milwaakee, Wis. A. V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. B. E. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, nich. M. H. HnNT, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Fouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N.Y. Chas. Mcculloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F, MtTTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central avs. Convention IVotices. Illinois —The annual meeting of the Illi- nois State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the State House, in Springfield, Feb. 24 and 25.1897, The State Farmers' Insti- tute meets the same week— Including all the State live stock associations— and our Exec- utive Committee, along with them, arranged for this date, in order that the Legislature might be in good working condition. (We all know what for.) There will be an etfort made this winter to get a Pure Food Bill past, and that means bee-keepers want a hand In it, to see that the adulteration of honey shall cease forever and ever. Two years ago we suc- ceeded in getting an Antl-Adulteratlon Bill through the Senate, but it failed In the House, only for want of push. Let bee-keep- ers throughout the State impress upon their Representatives the Importance of such a bill, and come to our meeting to refresh their minds on the subject. Railroad rates will be no greater than a fare and a third, which will be announced later. Our programs will be Issued along with the other State Associations named above. Jas. A. Stone, Sec. Bradfordton, 111. WANTED ATTENTION • QEE HEKE, Fiiend Bee-Keeper. the best O goods are none too good, and the lo vest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 1897 on Full Line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. I defy competition in quality and workman- ship. Working Wax Into Foundation when sent to me. a specialty. Write, without fail, for Catalog. .My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at 3tie cash, or 29c In trade, de- livered. Atigust Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6A8t Mention the Amarlean Bee JoumaL The Korkl'ord Seed Farms, owned by Mr. H. W. Buckbee, the great seedsman of Kocklord, III., are among the very best in this whole country. His catalog Is a beauty. Send lor it al once, not forgetting to say you are a subscriber to the American Bee Jour- nal. We mention here a few of the leading features ot the Buckbee Seed Catalog: Uuckbee's Great Bonanza Arlicbnkcs- the great hog food. Buckbee's New Golden Lima Bean— the best bean of the age. Sunset Beet the ieaaing variety. Mastodon Mangel— the latest creation in this great stock food family. Buckbee's Extra Early New Queen, Race Horse, Great Dand, and Christmas King Cab- bages—a quartet of cabbages wUhout supe- riors, Buckbee's Majestic and Victoria Car- rots—the leading stock feeding varieties. Chief Cauliflower— the best up-todate vari- ety. Roekford Pickle Cucumber— a beauty In every sense of the word. First of all, best of all and Private Stock Evergreen Sweet Corns —the big three leaders. Superb Varieties ot Lettuce. Phenomenal Varieties of Musk- melon. Buckbee's Monte Christo Watermelon —a world beater. Buckbee's Golden Globe Danvers Onion— more largely planted by Onion Specialists than any other variety. New Sandwich Island Pumpkin. Lightning Express Peas— the earliest on recird. Roek- ford Market itadish— the favorite among gar- deners and planters. Buckbee's New Self- Supportlng Tomatoes. Pedigree Field Corn. Magniflc: nt Oats. Thoroughbred Potatoes. Seed Drills. Cultivators, etc. A gorgeous array of Flower Seed, Including the latest fashions in Sweet P as. Asters Balsams, Pan- sies. Nasturtiums, Verbenas. Phlox. Popples, Japanese Morning Glories, etc. A magnifi- cent assortment of Prize Winning Chrysan- themums, Carnations, Koses. Geraniums, Fuchsias, Colens, Violets, etc. The "Successfal" Incubator seems to be well named. It Is manufactured by the IJes Moines Incubator Co., ot Des Moines, Iowa, and was exhibited at the big Poultry Show held at Chicago during the blizzard week of January 25 to 30. The conditions under which a good hatch was secured is something remarkable, and is evidence that the Des Moines concern knows how to build an Incubator that will hatch eggs almost any- where. 400 eggs were purchast at a commis- sion house, incubated for 18 days at Des Moines, Iowa, then hauled one mile by ex- press wagon to the depot, where the Incuba- tor and the eggs were loaded Into the express car and started on their 375-mile journey, to be hatcht out two days later. This transfer was made during the coldest wave of the sea- son. On arrival at the •• Windy City." another haul was made by express wagon to the Ex- hibition Hall, where overcoats and gloves were necessary articles. Still they hatcht until the machine was literally filled with chickens, and was highly deserving of the great attraction it created. An incubator turnlsht with a regulator that will govern the heat on board of an express train, and hatch eggs accompanied by a 20 degrees below tem- perature is certainly up-to-date. Write them for a catalog telling all about their " Success ful" chicken hatcher. Of course, you'll not forget to say you read the American Bee Journal. Bee-Keepers' Pliotogrraph. — We have now on band a limited number of ex- cellent photographs ot prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 121 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces" for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal ofl3ce. Wanted— A Situation In an apiary here in the East, not further west than the central part of N. Y. State. Ref- erence, Mr. J. D.Goodrich. Pract cal Apiarist, East Hardwick. Vt. State wages. B. D. COOK, Wilton, N. H. Meniic^i ihe Arnencan lice JmiTnai, P/\/>l7-<2'r>a1c A Choice Lot of thor- V/OCKcrclS oughbred B. P. Rocks, S. C. Black MInorcas. S.C. Brown Leghorns, *l. 25 each. Eggs Irom same breeds in season $1.25 lor 15. Also P1..4ISTS— Strawberry, Red and Black Cap Raspberry. mrs. E.. C. AXTELIi, 7Atf Roskville. Warren Co., III. Mention the AmerUxm Bee JoumOU 112 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. February 18, 1897. Bottom Prices BRIIVG US BIC TRADE. COOD GOODS KEEP IT. If you want the best eupplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same >foods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1897 Catalogue soon ready —ask for It and a free copy of Tlie Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (36 pages). Address, THEW.T.FALCOKERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. MenUon llie American Hee journal. 9?g.9 IIVIPROVEIVIEWT bcg'ins witli gnod f( iR-iii^r. The Keystone Fence will increase the value of your farm. No damage to crops from stock depredation. No loss of crops from smothering under snow drifts. Can't blow down. Can't burn up. All about it in our free book on fence building-. KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., No. 3 Kush Street, Peoria, IH, Mention Uitjinicriatn Uce joivnui,. •i- Money Saved is Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL UMON Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agent** Wanted. JOHN B. KING, General Aqent. Suite 51:3 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, 20Atf CHICAGO, ILL. tgfffMim. the Amer-ioay, Bfs favr'.'iCi/'.^ PATENT WIEED COMB FODNDATIOH A Has No Sag in Brood-Frames Inv TliiD Flat-Huttom FoiiiKtatiun ■ ISQ lias So Fisbbooe in the Snrplufi Uoney. Si Belnff the cleanest is nsaally worked the qnlckeBt of any Foundation made J. VAN UECISEN & SONS, Sole Mannraotarers, Sprout Brook MoiuKomery Co.. N. Y. afenf ion aie A.merlcon Bee Jiywnua,, fdAITll Ur In Bxcliauge lor Comb Foundation. iil;;£lieKt I'rice I>aid. If you want your Wax Workt Into Foun- dation, satistacturiiy. promptly, and at the loiVFMt price, send it to mo. tuff' Write for Price- I>l8t and Samples. GUS DITTMER, AlKJUtiTA, WIS. ■ ileraum the Amerlccm Bee JofwmaiU BEESWAX WANTED FOR- ^ Foundation Making. ^ Send For OUR CATALOGUE, SAMPLES OF FOUNDATION, ADVICE TO BEG-INNERS, Etc. Address, CHAS. DADANT &; SON, When Answerinq this Advertisement, Mention this Journal. HMMII.rT®ff, lEfl,. 41 eMowioi^e 41 eMowioMt c SII^IIIZI Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Snow-AVhitc. 500 $1.25 1000 at 2.50 8000 at 2.25 5000 at 2.00 "So. 1 Cream. 500 $1.00 1000 at 2.00 3000 at 1.75 5000 at 1,50 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-Eist of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 6A35t ROOT'S GOODS ! ^^^^^ Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Feb. 1. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply "out of sight." Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896. Samples of the New Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main. Office, MEDINA, O. 118 lUichicun St., Chicago, III. Syracuse, IV. \. 1024 miss. Sir., St. I'uul, Minn. IMeclianic Falls, Maine. 10 Vine St., Pliiladclpliia, Pa. Jtfention the American Bet Journal PUBLISHtD EVERY WEEK ^^lE^ERICA^ AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 25, 1897. No. 8. Growing Crimson and Alfalfa Clover. BT MBS. L. C. AXTELL. We have great hopes for the crimson or scarlet clover as a spring honey-plant. If we can get that to live and blossom Crimson Clover. for the bees it will furnish nectar just in the right time, so that no spring feeding will be required, and it is so much bet- ter for the bees, and for the bee-keeper, for the bees to' get their supplies from the flowers. It is conducive to their^best health. The crimson clover blossoms just between apple-bloom and white clover, is in blossom about two weeks, and is gone before white clover comes into bloom, or before the white yields much nectar. The first blossoms of the white does not seem to yield much nectar. I have seen the roadsides]^and Alfalfa or Lucern Clover. fields perfectly white with blossoms from white clover and scarcely a bee to be seon upon llie blossoms ; and the next week the bees would be working with all their might upon it, fairly tumbling over each other to save the nectar. I used to be frightened, sometimes, to see how little at- tention the bees paid to the white clover, for fear it would be out of blossom and the bees get no honey, but I believe X have never seen a season bnt what they got a crop of houey from 114 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Pel. 25, white clover when there were blossoms; and the same thing I think will apply to the scarlet or crimson clover — bees work on it as eagerly as on the white. Crimson clover is a most beautiful flower, rivaling many of our cultivated flowers in our flower beds. It is so rich and deep ; many persons were attracted to stop and admire our field while in blossom, and reraarkl that it made a beautiful pansy bed. Just on the opposite side of the road was a red clover field that smelled very fragrant, but no bees could be seen there; probably the only reason, no bees had tongues long enough to reach the honey that was there waiting in the air, or it would not have been so fragrant. There were plenty of bumble-bees. Now I wish we might in some way get hold of a bee that could reach the honey in the common red clover. Our scarlet or crimson clover that was cut for seed, so seeded the ground that it made a splendid stand, probably because it sowed itself more thickly than if sowed by hand. As soon as it was cut and removed from the ground Mr. Axtell cultivated and harrowed the ground, making the surface very mellow. Where it came up very thick the weeds did not bother it any, but where it came up thin the weeds bothered it. Mr. Axtell mowed the weeds down to give it a chance, but the weeds sprang up again and nearly killed it out, and so where it was sowed by hand in June the weeds nearly choked it out, because of its being so thin. But where it was sowed in the corn just before the last cultivation, the weeds did not bother, but it did not grow so thrifty and strong as where sowed on land by itself, but did better than what he sowed in September. October is altogether too late to sow it ; it entirely winter kills, or kills out the first heavy freezes be- fore winter. Mr. Axtell thinks the best way to start it is by sowing it in the corn, and then if not on land to be left for its blooming, it can be plowed under the following spring to enrich the ground. After being cut for seed it can be removed from the ground for the threshing in four days, if the weather is dry- ing, but if damp and rainy, it should stand longer, or until dry. Warren Co., 111. [Ten to 15 pounds of crimson clover seed are necessary to seed an acre properly. The Prairie Farmer of recent date contained the follow- ing by Prof. C. C. Georgeson, of Kansas, who wrote in reply to a question about the growing of alfalfa : — Editor ] ALFALFA I>f NORTHERN ILLINOIS. Alfalfa can be grown successfully in northern Illinois provided a suitable soil is selected. It will not do well on a soil which has a layer of either hardpan or rock within two or three feet of the surface, nor should it be sown on land where the water level is within that distance of the surface. It pre- fers a deep, somewhat porous subsoil, such as we find in alluvial river bottoms, but it will also do well on any reason- ably good upland soil where the roots can penetrate eight or ten feet deep. The climatic conditions of northern Illinois should be no obstacle to its successful culture. The method of seeding this crop depends somewhat on circumstances. In Illinois, where the rainfall is usually sufficient for the growth of crops and where the summer drouth is seldom severe, alfalfa seed can be sown with oats in the spring, as grass or clover is sown, either broadcast or drilled. If, on the other hand, there is danger of drouth in July, the young alfalfa might suffer severely after the re- moval of the oats. In that case it would be better to sow the seed by itself. Of late years, I have used a common shoe-drill with press wheels In preference to any other method of seed- ing alfalfa. It requires 20 pounds of alfalfa seed to the acre. When sown by itself on old ground, the weeds usually spring up with great vigor in early summer, and if not held in check they will cnoke out the alfalfa. To remedy this, the mower should be run over the field as often as it is necessary, especially in the early part of the season. The cutter-bar should be set as high as possible so as to miss the alfalfa. Alfalfa can be sown In July, or the beginning of August, with good success, In which case the weeds will not interfere seriously with the crop. C. C. Georgeson. [For seed rates on the above clovers, see page 124. — EdJ Sweet Clover — Is It a Noxious Weed ? Bv c. r. dadant. I have just-noticed the discussion in regard to this plant in the Report of the proceedings of the Illinois State Conven- tion at Chicago. I am somewhat interested in the discussion that may follow, because I have always taken the part of this plant, and have strongly recommended it, lately, in an article which I wrote for the Prairie Farmer, and yet, when I wrote the article, I did not know that there was some public mention of the matter. Is melilotus alba a noxious weed ? If it is, we have been guilty — my father and myself — of introducing a nuisance in our neighborhood. Melilot was brought to our country years before we came here, in the '50"s. It was sowed near the Mississippi river, close to a mill-dam built on the rapids by the Mormons. Perhaps it had even been brought there by them. My father, who is somewhat of a botanist, recognized the plant at once from the descriptions given in French works, and knowing that it was a good honey-plant, set to work to gather its seeds. After sowing a small patch on our own farm, and finding that it was a valuable acquisition for the bee-keep- er, he began sowing it in waste-places, in old quarries, along the creeks and along the river's edge. Mind, this was in the 'fiO's, when land was cheap, farms were far apart, and cattle ranged at large over the commons. The result was that the melilot did not spread, but was kept down by the stock and never made much headway except on farms that were fenced up, in places where nothing was grown. There are patches of it yet, on two or three neighbors' land, in spots unfit for any- thing but pasture, but which find themselves, owing to the cultivation of crops within enclosure so as to be safe from the cattle's reach. We have a friend in the city of Keokuk, four miles from here, who undertook bee-keeping on a small scale, I believe in 1868. He lives on the bluff, in a curve of the river, and in a spot that was totally devoid of pasture, except the few fruit trees and patches of lawn common in a city. The only great pasture in reach was on the bottom lands across the river, a mile wide. My father then urged him to sow sweet clover about the bluff on which he lives, which is about 200 feet high and so steep that no house may be built on its slope. The mel- ilot grew there in abundance and spread far and wide, for there was no stock in reach of it. It has now spread about and grows along the railroad tracks, and in deserted street corners, so much so that it makes quite an item for a honey crop. Now, if this is a noxious weed, and our friend, in follow- ing our advice, has committed a nuisance, let those who say it is a nuisance rise and tell us what constitutes a nuisance. Do they mean to say that in those waste-places where this plant grows, nothing else would grow ? About the railroad tracks for instance, where it is probably most objectionable, will you say that if it was not for the sweet clover, the railroad compan- ies would not have to mow and clear up the side of the track ? I have traveled in many directions and have always seen many tall weeds, in all productive soil, along the railroad tracks, even where there was not and had never been any sweet clover. If it is a necessity for the railroad companies to cut down weeds, what does It matter to them whether it is melilot or rag-weeds ? The melilot is neither larger nor tougher than the rag-weed, and it is of some use to somebody, while the rag- weed is good only, as far as man knows, to cause hay-fever in people who have a tendency to asthma, by the profuse, rank pollen that it produces, and which is so plentiful that it covers the water of ponds with a yellow veil, and covers your clothes with a powdered, mustard-loolnng dust, during hay-fever time, from July to September. Then, if some weed viust grow, on our rich Illinois soil, {and thank Nature that it is so, for if it would not grow weeds, it would not grow corn and wheat) — if we must have some weed, I say, why not have a weed that is good for somebody, instead of a weed that is injurious to some and good for no one ? What harm does the melilot do to you, Mr. Lawmaker? Did it ever grow up in your corn-field, or in your potato-patch, and take away a shade of a shadow of nutriment that properly belonged to your tilled crop ? No, for it is a biennial, and if you failed to turn it over last year, you surely must have plowed it up this spring when you put in your crop. And in the place where you had found it, you may notice that the corn is stronger, just as if you had had a crop of red clover in that spot, for the roots of melilot sink deep in the soil and bring more from the atmosphere than they take from the land. Whore, thou, does the melilot hurt you ? In the pasture ? If you have had any in your pasture, you know that the first year's growth cannot stand the close grazing of the cows, and that it Is only if it has stood one season sheltered from stock that it may withstand the teeth of the stock and live a stunted life, covered with bloom, however. In your pasture, until It dies the following winter. Sweet clover cannot stand regular iny:. THE AMERICAi*: BEE JOURNAL. 115 pasturage, followed for three years or more in one spot ; we have had evidence of this, right at home, for years. Melilot may be made a useful plant. Mr. Chas. Peloquin, of Canada, a dairyman, has for years grown it for early pas- ture. He flnds that the second year's growth begins very early In the season, and that if the clover is cut when about knee high, it is very good feed for milch cows. He therefore cuts it in the beginning of May, when there is practically nothing as yet, in the way of green pasture, in the Province of Quebec, and harvests a paying crop in this way, before it blooms aud gives his bees another paying crop. Why is it, then, that they are trying to pass, or are pass- ing, laws prohibiting the sowing of melilot? Because bee- keepers do not keep awake to their own interests. Our law- makers, I am sorry to notice, are not farmers, but lawyers, and they are easily influenced in matters lil^e this, and there are always some persons, (scarce though they may be) who are jealous of anything that may help the success of others. Hancock Co., III. Watering Bees — A Trough for the Purpose. Br JOHN G. COREY. This subject having been so fully discust at the late an- nual meeting of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association held at Lincoln, Nebr., it would appear useless to many to add anything of value to our fraternity. Bee-keepers, as a rule, exhaust a subject pretty effectually before dropping it. (See articles on size of hives, for example.) On the Pacific Coast we have very different conditions from those existing elsewhere. The air becomes very dry at with the watering-trough, and the mill was run an hour or so every day, which not only filled the trough, but overflowed quite a piece of ground around it. The amount of water used varied, I found from observations taken daily, and was gov- erned by atmospheric conditions, and ranged from 5 gallons to 25 daily. The capacity of the trough was fully 30 gallons, and it would be found empty before noon In cases where the wind failed to run the mill the day before. This entire outfit cost me less than §20 outlay, and has been of more service to me, and more satisfactory, than any other appliance used in and about my apiary. Although a plain and not ornamental improvement, it fills the bill. The tower is a piece of 12x12 bridge-timber picked up in the river. The windmill shaft is a reaper shaft and crank that cost me %Y. The fans, four in number, are made of Jj-lnch lumber, and a cross-head is spiked firmly to the tower, and the boxes are wood, but kept well oiled. The mill is rigged so that when the wind blows up the valley it runs one way, and when It comes down the valley it runs the other way. The sketch of the trough herewith was made by a friend to illustrate more fully the manner of its construction. Los Angeles Co., Cal. Importaut Foul Brood Ouestious Answered. BY W.M. M'EVOY. The following questions on foul brood, received from J. H., of Iowa, 1 will attempt to answer : "I have read Dr. Howard's book on 'Foul Brood,' and think I know a little more than I did before reading it, but I iMi'M!l!l!U' HillllllllMULy lll.l.lliillJip |||]II,J,I„I,W Corey's Waterimj Trough for Bees. times, and an apiary of 200 to 300 colonies requires so much water that a resort to something of greater capacity than fruit bottles is deemed advisable. I am a strong advocate of water close at hand, for many reasons, a few of which I will state : 1st. A long flight by bees for water is very destructive to bee-life, as a change in temperature of a few degrees, when a bee is filled with cold water, is sure death. 2nd. The question of transportation comes in as a strong argument, as a great quantity of water is used during the breeding season, and, in fact, during the whole of the dry, warm weather up to October in this State, and the furnishing this supply from a long distance is a heavy draft on the work- ing-force of the apiary. My apiary in the Solidad Canyon being located nearly a mile from permanent water, I used a well for my supply, and when a sufficient quantity was not fnrnisht, my bees would go down 30 feet into this well and drown by thousands. To remedy this, I provided a cover for the well, of wire cloth, and set myself to work devising a scheme to furnish an ample supply, which I did In the following manner: I built a cheap wind-mill, and fitted up a pump composed of a cylinder 2-inches in diameter, and 35 feet of 1 Ji-lnch iron pipe, the whole costing me .Sli. Then I prepared a water- ing-trough costing .Si more, besides my own labor. The trough is made of a sheet of No. 22 galvanized iron, 36x84 inches, and is made In the form of a large dripping-pan, with sides and ends 5 Inches high and perpendicular. The sides and ends were stiffened with 1x4 inch lumber, and five pieces of the same material nailed across the bottom to hold it level when filled. The sides and ends of the iron were then bent over the wood rim and nailed firmly with 1-inch wire nails. A float in two sections was then made of lath, fitting at the sides and ends so exact that a bee could not pass under It. This trough was then placed in a sunny place well pro- tected from wind : a pipe was then laid cgnnecting the pump want some information that I think such a book ought to contain. Hence, I ask these questions : " 1. (a) Is all the honey in an infected hive infected ? (b) Suppose the disease is in the center of the brood-nest, is the honey in the outside frames, and in the sections above, in- fected, or just the honey close to where the dead brood is ? " 2. In the first stages of the disease, is the honey in sec- tions or extracting-frames where there is no brood, considered unhealthy and not fit for table use '? " 3. Does a colony ever do enough good after it is infected to store any surplus ? "4. Does Dr. Howard claim that the spores that are in- fectious are confined to the honey and pollen ? Or does the comb contain them ? I mean comb where there has never been any dead foul brood ? " 5. Will combs taken from the top story and extracted last fall, put back for the bees to clean off, then taken out and packt until spring out-doors, contain the disease ? " 6. Is it possible for the disease to be carried by new foundation? • " 7. The Doctor gives treatment for during the honey-flow. I would like to have it for winter or early spring. — J. H., Iowa." Answers. — 1. (a) No. If all the honey in foul-broody colonies was affected, all the larvK would die of foul brood just as soon as any of the honey was fed to them, (h) Yes, and sometimes pretty badly affected. Honey and pollen to become diseased must be stored in cells where foul-brood mat- ter has dried down, and when the bees, in making more room for brood in times of honey-flows, remove the unsealed honey ontof the diseased cells to cells partly filled with good honey In the supers above or In any part of the brood-chamber, it will become diseased at once. 2. As a rule, where a colony has only a few cells of foul brood, and these in the first stages of the disease, the honey IIG THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 2d, in the sections and extracting-comb? will be all right for table use. 3. Where colonies have only a few cells of foul brood in the spring, and are fairly strong in bees, the disease won't raalje much headway for some time, and in all such cases the owners will get surplus honey in proportion to the strength of the colonies, the nature of the honey-How, and how they man- age the business. But when colonies rob uery foul-broody ones in spring, they will store the diseased honey right in the brood- nest and feed it to the larva; as long as It lasts; then the dis- ease will make rapid progress, and, by the time the honey-flow begins, the colonies will be so weak in bees that little or no surplus honey will be gathered. 4. No. Not in the honey and pollen alone, but in cells in combs where foul-brood matter had dried down. Every cell In a diseased comb that has no honey, pollen, or the stain- mark of foul brood left in it, will be all right, Combs that never liml nny brood in, and bave bsen used above the queen- excluder on diseased colonies will be all right after they have been extracted, and given back to the bees until they are thoroughly cleaned. '). Yes, they certainly will, and for many years after, if they have cells in them that foul-brood matter dried down in. Many a line apiary has been ruined through bee-keepers buy- ing and using old combs that others had on hand after they lost all of their bees. The amount of damage that has been done through the mistakes that people have made in using old comb that they did not know to be diseased when they first used them, would amount to a serious sum. I never could have made a success of getting the diseased apiaries cured by wholesale in the Province of Ontario, if I had not made it a rule to get all the combs in every badly-diseased apiary made Into wax. G. Never. No bee-keeper in the world ever had foul brood introduced into his apiary through using foundation. Mr. F. C. Harrison, Bacteriologist at the Ontario Agricultural College, at Guelph, put a quantity of foul-brood germs Into melted wax after the wax had cooled dow7i co7isidcrable. Mr. Holtermann then made it into foundation, and put a swarm into a hive filled with it. Before the test was made I said to Mr. Holtermann, and Mr. Craig, that it was my opinion that no disease would be found after the foundation was made into combs and filled with brood. Sometime after, when the combs were full of brood, I was askt to inspect them, which I did. A more healthy or nicer-looking lot of brood I never examfned, than I found In these combs made out of foundation loaded with foul-brood germs. Mr. Holtermann made this severe test during the honey-flow, and out of soft wax so as to get the foundation made into combs as soon as possible. 7. To cure colonies of foul brood in winter, in cold regions, is a thing that I never advised any person to do, and do not approve of disturbing bees in their season of rest. But if any bee-keeper wishes to cure his diseased colonies in winter, and has, or can get, the right sort of combs, it can be done as follows : Remove a(( of the combs out of the foul-broody colonies, and then shake the bees back into their own hives ; then in each hive place five combs of honey that is sealed right down to the bottom-bar, that you know to be free from tlie disease, and then with division-boards crowd the bees up so that they will cluster up in the comb. If the diseased colonies are pretty weak, put two or more of them together before crowding the bees up into the five combs of sealed honey. With no place in the sealed combs for the bees to store the diseased honey (which they would take with them from the old combs), they would have to keep it until they consume it, and after that the bees would have to uncap the sealed honey and use it up before they could have any space rid out for brood-rearing. This method gets rid of the diseased honey before brood-rear- ing is started, and always ends in perfect cures, when suitable combs of sealed honey are used.» Early spring would be the most critical time in all the year to undertake the curing of foul-broody apiaries, and with the );ki.s'(, of the bee-keepers it would end in failures, losses, and a wide-spread of the disease if such work was undertaken In cartji spring. Foul-broody colonies that are weak in bees In einiii spring are very dangerous things to keep In any locality where many colonies are kept, because they always get robbed out just as soon as robbing sets in, and in this way the disease Is often very widely spread. To guard against this, and make it safe for yourself and your neighbors, in early spring double up all the diseased colonics, la the evciiinijs, that are weak, until they are strong In boos; then contract the entrance to prevent robbing, and wait until the honey- flow begins, then go In for curing, which can bo easily and profitably done by every one. This Iowa bee-keeper has raised some very Important questions, and I believe that Dr. Howard will agree with all the answers that I have given. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood " is by far the best of any ever publisht on this subject, and every bee-keeper in the world should have one. Ontario, Canada, Feb. 8. [We mail Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood" for 25 cents; or club it with the Bee Journal for a year — both for •Si. 10.— Editor.] Moving Bees from Indiana to Florida. TSr A. F. BBOWN. Replying to Mr. Stokesberry's inquiry, on page 2S, re- garding moving bees to Florida, cost of bees here, etc., I would say: It will probably cost .'glOO or .$L2.5 as a special rate on a carload of bees from Indiana to Florida. The railroad transportation company will not take less than a carload, and the carload rate would include one man in charge /rcc. About 200 colonies in 2-story single-walled hives make a good car- load. If the bees are properly packt, with ample ventilation, they can be shipt very successfully, especially in early spring or in the fall. If you have a carload and cannot sell thein at home at a satisfactory figure, and you are fully determined to follow the business here in Florida, you might ship them to an ad- vantage to yourself financially. The cost of bees here will vary from $3 to .$5 per colony, for those in frame hives, and $1.50 to .$2 for colonies in box- hives. Unless one is informed, or has done considerable inquiring around, it might take him some little time to get up a good-sized apiary — say a couple hundred colonies. For those who do not malce much out of their bees, seldom have more than a dozen or two colonies, and those who do make a business of it, don't want to sell unless at good figures. About the cheapest and most satisfactory way to get started with an apiary is to buy 50 or 100 colonies in box- hives, and transfer, putting into " new hives." This gives one the advantage of having the most improved hives, and having just what he wants, which is seldom found where an entire apiary is bought outright. Again, one leaving the North seldom knows until he has been on the ground to see the country and location, whether or not he is going to like it. Therefore, I would advise sell- ing out and making a fresh start after you have found what you want. Or, still better, wait and see the country first, then decide for yourself whether or not you want to make a change. Like all other places, Florida has its drawbacks and failures. A word or two regarding packing bees for shipment : If you move during warm weather, you should have a rim the full size of the hive and 3 inches deep, covered with wire cloth — one on both top and bottom. This will give the bees a chance and ample room to cluster off from the combs. In cool weather, when you have frosty nights and mornings, one- 3-inch depth screen on top will be enough, but in warm iveather put a screen on both top and bottom. The frames should be securely fastened so that no amount of jarring can get them loose, and allow them to jam together, or swing back and forth, as this is a death-trap to about every bee in the hive. Colonies heavy in honey are liable to have it broken down in the jarring that is bound to come from moving by railroad ; therefore, do not allow over 15 to 20 pounds — at most 25 pounds — to the colony. It is also very essential to have all colonies supplied with some water. In fact, this is most imiiortant in warm weather, and where there is any unsealed brood in the colonies. The best way I found to supply it is in combs, filled by laying each comb in a tub or barrel and pouring water from a dipper held three feet above it ; the force of the fall drives it into the colls, and it stays ; reverse the comb and fill both sides. One comb will hold about one pint, or a little more, and two combs should be given to each colony to insure ample. In packing colonies in a car, load so the combs will run lengthwise of the car, and so there will be a circulation of air all among and through them. This can be secured by means of a few 1x2 inch strips laid between the tiers of hives as one Is loading. Lay a few strips on the bottom of the car first, to allow ventilation under the first tier of hives. In moving in warm weather, get a cattle-car. These, owing to being built open, give the best kind of ventilation when the train Is in motion. When figuring the expense of moving one's apiary South, or to any other place, unless one intends following the migra- tory system, he should figure in the cost of screens, as they are no small item for a carload of bees. Volusia Co., Fla. i6y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 117 Report of the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Convention, Held at Mt. Pleasant. BY W. Z. HUTCHINSON. [Continued from page 102.] The Secretary then read a paper from M. H. Hunt, of Wayne Co., on M*.KING AND SHIPPING BEESWAX. Perhaps no one is a better judge of beeswax than the manufacturer of comb fouudation. He learns the appearance it should have, the touch, and even the smell, as readily as he does the aroma of his morning coffee. Many have tried adulterating, and with success so far as selling is concerned, until he tries the foundation maker. Many dollars have been wasted to find a substitute for bees- wax, but all have failed — it's no good for the bee-keeper. The quality of the beeswax of this country has been much improved in the last five years — it is much brighter and cleaner. The sun wax extractor has had something to do with it, also steam rendering. In an experiment a number of years ago, I found that the soaking of dark comb in several waters removed much of the coloring matter, which improved the wax very much. Some of the combs were put in whole to soak, and were so improved that they were taken out and used again. By drying them thoroughly much of the old pollen will rattle out. Never use an iron dish about the wax, even if galvanized. We always make up our wax by steam. The combs are put into a large sack of loose material, and put into a barrel and covered with water ; as the melted wax comes to the top It Is skimmed off. The addition of two ounces of sulphuric acid will add much to the color and cleanliness of the product. Turning and poking the sack will help to get the wax out more thoroughly. Avoid melting the wax over too many times; every time makes it darker colored. Make the cakes medium-sized, and don't pour in the moulds until cooled so it will just run nicely. Wet the dish, and you will not have to grease it, which is objectionable. If the above directions are followed, your cakes will not crack. Our apiarist has always saved every particle of comb and prest ihi'in into little, hard balls, and no worms have ever been found in them ; these savings are made up twice a year. In preparing your wax for shipping, much care should be used, especially if sent by freight, which Is usually the best way. The box it is put in should be strong and well nailed. See to It that there are no holes that the pieces knockt off in transit will rattle out. Fasten the cakes so they will not shake about In the box. Never put any packing in with it, such as excelsior, paper or straw. The last thing before nail- ing up, put in a card with the exact weight of the wax, together with your address. If you follow the above directions, and make no mistake in the weighing, there will be no shortage, and your buyer will be made happy. Reporting a shortage is not a pleasant thing to do. M. H. Hunt. Jas. Armstrong — I would like to know why we have to pay first-class freight on wax ? Mr. Hutchinson — Perhaps It is because of its value. If it is lost the railroads have to pay for it, and they make a higher rate on account of its value. Mr. Armstrong— With that line of reasoning we ought to pay a higher freight on fouudation than on wax, which is not the case. i^j H. W. Morrison— I have used the solar wax-extractor, and like it very well, as it is so easy to throw in any bits of comb, and they are disposed of at once. Mr. Bingham— The trouble with the solar extractor Is that It won't work Sundays. My wax extractor Is very sim- ple. I have an old wash-boiler soldered on the top of another old boiler, the bottom first having teen removed from the upper boiler. This gives a very deep vessel. I put in some water, and then some cappings. When they are melted I put In some more, and keep doing this until they are all melted, or the boiler Is nearly full. Then I put In some water and bring it up to the boiling point, and leave the tire to go down, with the boiler on the stove. I leave it until the next day to cool, and then take it out in the yard and turn It over and get out the cake of wax. As the wax shrinks in cooling there is no trouble In getting out the wax, and It Is all In one piece. There Is no useless dipping and fussing, and you get all of the wax. The law of gravity does it all. The dirt settles to the bottom. Any dirt attacht to the bottom of the cake can be scraped off with a knife or axe, or something. Then' is no use of putting the combs into a sack. Pres. Asplnwall — Taero Is one point in favor of the solar extractor, and that is, the heat is never great enough to melt the propolis, and thus have it mixt with the wax. Mr. Bingham — I don't think that the propolis mixes with wax ; I think that the specific gravity is different. BEES IN HONEY-HOUSES. Mr. Bingham cautioned all to be careful and not let any bees, loaded with honey, escape from the honey-house window, or the door, as they are sure to come back and try to get in again at the same place. Fix a movable screen Inside the window, that can be removed and carried out-of-doors with the bees still upon it, and thus release them some distance from the house. Or, he would have a box at the top of the window Into which the bees would crawl. He would have a glass on the outside of the box. This box could be carried out and opened, and the bees allowed to obtain their liberty by flying from the box instead of from the house. BEE-VEILS AND CROSS BEES. Mr. Bingham also cautioned bee-keepers against wearing stiff or hard veils, like the bar-veil that has been advertised. When a bee flies against such a hard substance she thinks that some one has struck her, and she gets mad about It and stays mad for a long time. She is ready to fight the moment any one comes Into the yard. Use soft material for veils. It often happens that there are only a few bees In the yard that cause most of the unpleasantness, and it may be worth while to get rid of these. Mr. Bingham provokes such bees by striking at them, and then backing up into the honey-house, continuing his blows, and when they have followed him in, he closes the door and kills them. He thinks that not more than 50 bees may cause annoyance for a long time, and that if they were killed off, peace would reign. The following officers were chosen : President, T. F. Bingham, of Farwell ; Vice-President, Wm. Bamber, of Mt. Pleasant; Secretary, W. Z. Hutchinson, of Flint; Treasurer, H. W. Morrison, of Mt. Pleasant. It was thought that while Mt. Pleasant was an excellent place In which to hold a convention and secure a crowd, the weather had been such that a very poor showing had been made, compared to what could be made In good weather, and It was decided to hold the meeting there another year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec. Xlie Alsike Clover Leaflet consists'of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow It. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer In your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 20 cents ; 100 for 85 cents ; or 200 for ()0 cents. ^".-». Tlie Names and Addresses of all your .bee- friends, who are not now taking the Bee Journal, are wanted at this office. Send them in, please, when sample copies will be mailed to them. Then you can secure their subscriptions, and earn some of the premiums we have offered. The next few months will be just the time to easily get new sub- scribers. Try It earnestly, at least. The McEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given In Dr. Howard's pamphlet on "Foul Brood; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. < ■ » t^" See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page lO'J 118 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Fei. 25, CONDUCTED BY DH. C. O. MHZ,ER, MAKENGO, TL.'L. [Questions may be mailed to tbe Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 What to Do with Sour Honey. On page 88 the question is askt what to do with that sour honey. " Heating it to a certain degree," as the word heat- ing is usually understood, will simply ruin it. If it can be kept warmed for a few weeks at lOU' to 120'-', that may im- prove its flavor, and if conditions are favorable for evapora- tion it will certainly improve its consistency, for sour honey means thin honey. It may, and it may not, be an easy thing to keep it properly warmed for a sufficient length of time, and another plan may be taken, providiug the honey has granu- lated with coarse grains. Drain off the liquid part and use it for vinegar, then melt up the grains. If it's in barrels it cau be drained by allowing the barrel to be turned ou its side, or by having a hole at the lower part. My good friend, T. F. Bingham, protests against such advice, as reported on page 85, and it may be well to advise agaiust having honey that by any possibility can be drained, but the fact remains that there are tons upon tons of such houey, and it isn't a bad thing to know what to do with it. C. C. M. Lieveliiiir Comb in Sections — moving Bce§. 1. I have a lot of sections, that I extracted in the fall and left the bees to clean them up. I read a good deal about leveling the comb. You talk about B. Taylor's comb-leveler. How would you do it, without the leveler ? I don't care to have the work done in one day, for I have time to do it, if there is any other successful way to do it. 2. Have you any idea how you would manage to move about 30 colonies of bees and fixtures, household furniture, horses, etc., 150 miles by freight '? and at what time of the year? Just three weeks before last Christmas, I was on a freight-car loaded with household furniture, horse and buggy, dog and chickens ; traveled one night and part of the next forenoon. I couldn't see how to fix the bees to mive, where there was a bumping and swearing like those railroad men bad. The train stopt one hour at a station where a lot of coal miners were traveling. Early in the morning, the horse was scraping, the dog barking, and the rooster crowing — surely some people must have thought it was some kind of a circus. It is owing to how bees could be loaded, to have all on one car. I have learned that a car will hold twice as much as I would have thought at first. There was plenty of swinging up and down when in full speed. E. B. K. Answers. — 1. It seems almost as though leveling combs in sections was being pusht just a little too hard sometimes. Some talk as though the object of leveling was nothing more and nothing less than to reduce the depth of the comb. I don't believe in that. Combs from unlinisht sections are sometimes built out in such a way that when put In a new place some part will come nearer to the separator than the space of '4 Inch, and in that case the comb will be built fast to the sepa- tor. If no separators are used, there is danger of combs being built together, making the matter even worse than where sep- arators are present. So it is desirable to cut down the comb sufficiently to avoid the trouble indicated. Again, it happens only too often that when sections are loft on after the honey-How ceases, the outer edges of the cells will be travel-stained, and sometimes badly varnisht with pro- polis. This should be cut away. One way to accomplish the work is to take a thin-bladed knife and bend the blade at right angles or nearly so, having the part beyond the bond 8 inches long or more. Heat your knife blade In hot water or over a lamp and shave away the desired amount. But if you have a hundred sections or more to trim, it may be well to get Tay- lor's leveler, which is not expensive, as the work is done so quickly and easily by its aid. 2. I think I'd prefer to ship the bees at a time when the thermometer indicated lower than .'52 - and not higher than 55". Colder and warmer might do, but if colder there is more danger of breaking combs that are brittle with the cold, and if warmer there is more danger of the bees worrying themselves to death or suffocating. The combs should be parallel with the rails of the track. I'd try to load the bees so they would be practically in a car by themselves, by fencing them off from the possibility of other goods being jammed into them. Cleats can be nailed on each side of the car, and a fence built across by nailing fence-boards on the cleats. If thought necessary, boards can be nailed inside this fence to stay it, not having the staying boards with the edges up and down as in a fence, but flat- wise. If there is room enough so that one hive does not need to rest on another, then it will be an easy thing to fasten each hive in place by nailing strips on the floor around each hive. If strips an inch high are nailed into the floor around a hive, it will not jump out of its place. If one hive is to be placed on another, then you must plan according to cireymstances. In most cases you can hold the upper hives firmly ui place by means of fence-boards across the car. Horizontal cleats must be nailed on the sides of the car for the boards^to rest on, then cleats nailed on above the boards so they can't get up or down, then cleats nailed against the edge of the board — not driving the nails, of course, into the board, but into the side of the car — so that the hives will be held solid in their places. Use plenty of boards and nails, so that the hives will be about as solid as if built into the car. Bees Affected wiiii tiie Diarriiea. Some of my bees have a sort of diarrhea, which makes the hives smell bad. What can I do for it ? P. A. B., Defiance, Ohio, Feb. 8. Answer. — If outdoors, they will probably get over it the first fine day they can fly, and perhaps there is nothing for you to do beyond seeing that the entrance is fully open to ad- mit plenty of fresh air. If clogged with dead bees, clear it out, and clean tbe dead bees off the floor-board. If the bees are in the cellar, use the same precautions, and in addition see that the air in the cellar is pure. Open it fully at any time when you can do so at night without reducing the tem- perature of the cellar below 40^ to 45'-'; 45'^ is generally counted the best temperature in the cellar, but it is better to have it at 40-' with pure air than foul air at 45'^. In the cel- lar there's no danger of strong winds chilling the bees, so you cannot have the bottom of the hive too open. Open it up all you can, even to taking away entirely the floor-board and let- ting the hive rest on its two edges. Oivins Otiicr Honey a Ba§»i«roo: a Bee-Society.— We have received the following from a subscriber in Florida : Friend York : — I read the American Bee Journal with much interest every week. There are lit people here trying to keep bees, and 1 have tried to get them to subscribe for some bee-paper, but I can't do it — they know more tbau the bee-papers. Florida bee-keepers are not organized — have no protection from foul brood or adulteration of honey. (I know one merchant here who has been guilty of this fraud.) If the people here would only unite, we could work against such to a degree. This party would buy " chunk honey," make sugar syrup and pour it on the combs in jelly glasses, and tell his customers, " Tliiit in llic wau the hccif made it In the glasses!" I wish to help organize Florida bee-keepers to get a law to punish adulterators, and a law to keep down foul brood. The natural resources here for bee-keeping are away ahead of the North, and we have no winters. My bees gather some pollen and honey every day of the year. I would ask you to point out some method of gaining the desired legislation and organization. I have the promist co- operation of a prominent bee-keeper in this matter. Subscriber. We are not sure that we can aid our correspondent very much in what he asks, at least we can't do any more than to tell what others have done to secure the objects he desires. To organize a new bee-society requires some work on the part of the prime movers. " Subscriber " can perhaps enlist one or two other bee-keepers to aid him, and write a personal letter to all the surrounding bee-beepers he knows, calling a meeting on a specified date, and at a certain place. Then those who assemble can organize themselves into a society in the usual way. They can also discuss various matters of interest, and try to enthuse all present in such a way as to start them out to work to build up the society. Another meet- ing can be arranged for, and in the meantime continue to write letters to all the bee-keepers you can learn of in your State, urging attendance at the next meeting. The first move against foul brood and adulteration is the drafting of Bills by the new society, to be presented before the State legislature for enactment into law. The very best representative the society has should be sent to the capital to go before the committees to whom the Bills will be referred, for the purpose of answering questions and urging the com- mittees to report favorably upon their passage. The best work is needed in the committee meetings. Specimen Bills have often been given in these columns, which can doubtless be used with slight alterations. Xreatinsf Soured Honey.— In the book, " Lang- stroth Revised," by Dadant, we find the following concerning the treatment of soured or fermented honey ; "If any honey should ferment, let no one think that it is spoilt, unless it was really unripe and has turned quite sour. A slight amount of alcoholic ferment can be evaporated readily by melting the honey over water, when the ferment escapes in the shape ot foam. As this fermentation is caused by the presence of unripe honey, some of our friends succeed in entirely preventing it by melting all their honey immcdiatelu after granulation. The melting evaporates all excess of mois- ture contained in it, and we highly commend this method." Not Do-wn on House-Apiaries.— A Nebraska correspondent in the February Progressive Bee-Keeper writes this sentence : "The editor of the American Bee Journal, In comment- ing on house-apiaries a short time since, said they are a thing wise bee-men have decided to let alone, or to that ejfect." Now that wouldn't be so bad if only it were true. We shall have to deny "the soft impeachment" this time — at least until proof is shown that ive said anything even "to that effect." We are not in the habit of advising for or against a thing in bee-keeping that we know nothing about personally. There are some very excellent and "wise bee-men" who strongly favor house-apiaries, and we don't question their value at all. Perhaps the Progressive will condescend to correct its correspondent's error as to our views on house-apiaries. Plantings Trees. — Hon. Eugene Secor, of Winnebago Co., Iowa, attended the January meeting of the Southern Minnesota Horticultural Society, held at Albert Lea, and read an excellent paper on "Ornamental Trees for Street and Park." The local newspaper thus epitomized it : "This is a subject about which there may bo honest dif- ferences of opinion. Uur tastes and experiences differ so widely that probably few of us would select the same list of isy^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 121 trees for ornameutal plaiitin;;."' The speaker then went on to say that roadside planting had doubtless fallen into disfavor on account of the willow hedge which collects the snow In winter and increases the mud in early spring, but he further said: " If we are to attain to the ideal highway in no other way than by banishing all obstructions we shall be obliged to return to the primitive prairie road, when no one complained of the wind-breaks as ho faced the Borean realities of a Min- nesota blizzard." The speaker then maintained that it paid to plant trees not only in parks and around residences, but the country roadside as well, with these evidences of civiliza- tion. "Did you ever hear of barbarous tribes ornamenting their trails by transplanting shade-trees?" Mr. Secor then recommended the following varieties for streets and highways : American white elm, sugar maple and white ash. He gave many reasons why these trees were pref- erable to other varieties for street and highway planting. He said: " It will cost just about as much to plant a measly Cottonwood, or a lousy box-elder, or a short-lived lombardy." " Among the many hardy and beautiful trees adapted to this climate are the hackberry, honey-locust, coffee-bean, buckeye, larch, laurel leaf willow, European white and cut- leaf birch, caragana (pea-tree), etc." Remedy for Colds.— In his translations for the Re- view, Mr. F. L Thompson says: The editor of the Schweizeriche Bienenzeitung, recommends the following for colds settling on the chest : Boil a quart of pure spring water ; add as much camomile as can be graspt in three fingers, and three teaspoonfuls of honey, and cover tight. The vessel Is then to be quickly removed from the fire and set on a table at which the patient can comfortably seat himself. Throwing a woolen cloth over his head so to include the vessel, he is to remove the cover and inhale the vapors as deeply as possible through the mouth and nose, occasionally stirring the mixture until it is cold, and then retire to a warmed bed. In obstinate cases the treatment should be repeated for three evenings. Teacbing: Children About Bees.— The Rural Californian says that during the recent Teachers' Institute held in Los Angeles, Calif., a very interesting lecture was given ty Miss Alice J. Merritt, upon the pollination of flowers. The lecturer was evidently the friend of the honey-bee, and fre- quently mentioned its services as a distributor of the pollen- grains. She assured the teachers that they need have no fears to approach the bee and closely observe its work. The bee, she said, has no desire to sting at such a time — it is too busy with its daily labors. A little more education in this line is needed, when we hope the future young fruit-growers will not be so ignorant as to banish or destroy one of his best friends— the bee. Anti-Adulteration L,a^v In 'Wisconsin. Mr. H. C. Adams, the Dairy and Food Commissioner of Wisconsin, has publisht in a handy pamphlet all the laws of that State relating to the adulteration of various kinds of food, medicines and drinks. On the adulteration of honey, we find these paragraphs : ;~ ■ Every person, company or corporation, who shall sell or offer for sale, honey, or any i-viitation of honey, which is adul- terated with glucose, or any other substance, shall mark the package or parcel with the words " adulterated honey," as required by Sec. 1 of this Act. Any person found guilty of any violation of this Act, shall for each offense be punisht by Imprisonment in the county jail not less than ten days, nor more than six months, or by a fine of not less than ten dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or both. In the discretion of the court. One-half of all fines imposed by the enforcement of this Act, shall be paid to the person who informs against and prosecutes such offender to conviction Now we hope that Wisconsin beekeepers will see to it that their law against honey-adulteration Is enforced here- after. Exceptions to " cd " Cbanjped to "t."- For the guidance of all who are with us in beginning a reform in spelling words ending In " ed," we give the following excep- tions to the rule that would change the " ed " to a " t :" Reiain /iJiat^ed whctx the e affects a preceding sound. (1) When the preceding vowel sound is long and exprest by a single letter, as the following : baked, not bakt, because hakl would naturally be pro- nounced like backed. caked, not cakt. craped, not crapt. draped, not drapt. N. B. — The e does not affect the preceding vowel sound when exprest by two or more letters, as in booked (bookt), bleached (bleacht), crouched (croucht). (2) When a preceding c has the sound of s, as in chanced (not chanct), forced (not forct), faced (not fact), etc. Tl?e Weekly Budget Rev. W. K. Marshall, D.D., of Marshall, Texas., died Jan. 6, 1897. An extended notice will be given later. gaped, not gapt. chafed, not chaft. coped, not copt. moped, not mopt. roped, not ropt. hoped, not hopt. Rev. .Tas (1. Teter, of McMinnCo., Tenn., wrote us Jan. 23: " Bees are wintering nicely so far. I have 60 colonies, and they have a flight every week." Mr. O. p. Hendrix, of Mississippi, wrote us Jan. 30 : "I wish to express my highest appreciation of the American Bee Journal, and the stand it has taken in defense of the bee- keeping public." Mr. B. D. Cook, of Hillsboro Co., N. H., wrote thus when renewing his subscription: "Long may the American Bee Journal live to wax war against all our foes. There are no drones In the hive from which the " Old Reliable " takes its flight." Mr. Carson Van Bl.4.ricdm, of Calhoun Co., Mich., wrote us Jan. 2 1 : " I find the America.i Bee Journal a valuable acquisition in connection with several well-known works on apiculture. That success may crown your efforts Is my special wish In making a raid on unscrupulous commission houses." Mr. A. L. Beach, of Mecklenburg Co., N. C, wrote us as follows when renewing his subscription: " I couldn't well do without the weekly visits of the American Bee Journal. Our small share of success is mainly due to the study of the journals. Three to five per cent, of our Southern bee-keepers read — not more make a success." Dr. O. S. Brown, of Guernsey Co., Ohio, wrote us as fol- lows Feb. 2 : " I have been all over the southern part of California, and visited many of the largest bee-ranches. I had intended spending this winter in ' The Lind of Sunshine and Flowers,' but owing to sickness in my family I have been detained here. I have invested near Riverside, and expect to make my future home there. While there, I contracted the worst attack of ' bee-fever ' I have ever had." Dr. Brown doubtless knows how to cure " bee-fever " as well as the other kinds that alilict mankind. At least he has been a successful bee-keeper. This is a good time to work for new subscribers. Messrs. Van Ali.en & Williams, of Crawford Co., Wis., write us that they have done all they could to bring about unity of action among the bee-keepers in their part of the State. Mr. Van Allen has written several articles for the local press, setting forth the importance of the bee-keeping Industry, and calling special attention to the relation of bees to fruit-growing. He read a paper before their Farmers' Institute, on " Bee-Culture," which was well received. In the discussion that followed the adulteration of honey was brought up, and many went home knowing more about honey and honey-adulteration than when they came. We hope that bee- keepers everywhere will continually keep the importance of their pursuit before the people. ) fDs,£>^\!Q^ ^=D ^ vD ^ ^D -^N^) '^ N€> ^n£i ^^)s^^x:)NO^D N=D ^ ^ ^=0- e e e 9 p 9 e e e 9 e 9 e 9 p 9 P e 9 e HERE'S YODR OPPORTUNITY Positively the Greatest Bargain Ever Offered I 8 LARGE if Nearly 4,000 pages. Over 300 lini iiuro Colored Maps, Charts, and Diagrams, VULUInto. Every Volume Mechanically Perfect. The Only Encyclopedia Strictly SIZE OF VOLUME: 2 ins. Thick. SH ins. Wide. Up to Date." 1 IH ins. Long. 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HOW TO SECURE ONE OF THESE SPLENDID SETS Sond $1 to THE ENCYCLOPEDIA PURI.ISHING CO., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York city,' anda full set of eiglit volumes of THE MC'.V STANDAKO AMEKICAIV ENCYCLO- PEIJI.V in cloth binding, will \x forwarded uj you. 'Ihe balance is payable at the rate nf $1.50 nionihly for one year, or about 5 cents a day. 1( you prefer tin- lialf-moroccn binding, the monthly |>.iymi-i;t will be $2, and for full sheep, $2.50 per month for the year. We rccominend tlie half-iiiorocco style, which is particularly elegant and serviceabfc, and will List a lifetime. If not as represint.d any set may be returned within ten days and money will be promptly refunded. Owing /o the nominal price at which these iii/ioJiiclory sets are sold, Iransportalion charges must be paid bv purchaser. Our confidence that the \iilumes will be cheerfully |)aid f^r is shown by sending a .f-t.S set of books on payment of only %i. We also feel that vou will thoiov)L;hly appre- ciate the superb new work and speak favorably of it to others. Sample iiag'es, with specimen illustrations, will also be sent on application until the offer is withdrawn. We refer you to the publisher of this newspaper. Always mention name of paper you see this offer in. Address FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. 6 a 6 d 6 <^ ■6 6 d d 6 6 d 6 6 ^ THE ENCYCLOPEDIA PUBLISHING CO, 156 isy^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 123 Qcj;)Gral M^n)s^ Gathering' Pollen. My bees are gathering pollen and honey from the pussy willows and manzanita. W. A. Pellew. Nevada Co., Cal., Feb. 12. For Curing Sour Honey. To take the sourness out of honey, put it on the stove and heat it hot; then put in '.j teaspoonful of soda or saleratus into each two gallons. S. Way. Kane Co., III. Good Prospects for Next Season. Prospects are good in this locality for a good honey year. I have lost but 6 colo- nies out of ISO up to the present time. W. H. H. Lawuexce. Monterey Co., Cal., Feb. 7. Best Season in 10 Tears. The past season was the best in 10 years. Increast my T.i colonies to 131, and took off 7.GU0 pounds of honey. 150 pounds of it being comb, and the balance extracted. A. W. Smitu. Sullivan Co., N. Y., Feb. 8. Cold Weather, but Bees Alive. I prepared 24 colonies for winter on the summer stands. We had very cold weather for some time. I lookt the other day, ex- pecting to find the weak ones all dead, but there were live bees in every hive yet. E. J. FUSSELMAN. Mahoning Co., Ohio, Feb. 8. Bees Wintered All Right. My bees are out every day, strong and in full force. I have 35 colonies on the summer stands, and every one came through the winter all right. Long wave the American Bee Journal '. Lee Co., Ga., Feb. 10. R. P. Johsson. Splendid Work— Report for 1896. The splendid work of the American Bee Journal the past year, in exposing swind- lers and adulterators, ought to bring all honest bee men to its support. I am in favor of uniting the two Unions, and my money is ready as soon as it is accomplisht. We have 01 colonies in the cellar, <('/ in the New Heddou hive, in fine condition. The season of IS'JO was jioor with us. Basswood was a failure. Honey came in slow. I increast from 63 colonies to 128, and got 4,000 pounds of honey, half ex- tracted. D. R. Van AMBCRGn. Benzie Co., Mich., Feb. 14. The Season of 1896. Bees did fairly well last year. Of the ■'•'■' colonies put into the cellar Xov. 15. 1895. I took ont last spring 53 alive, lost two after they were put out, leaving ."il colonies, spring count, including three or four that were hardly worth counting. I increast to !tO, and had four skip for the woods, mak- ing an even 100. 1 dropt back by loss of queens and robbing to 89, and put into the cellar. Nov. 17. 1S9U, 88, leaving one outside to winter, I secured 3.(X)0 pounds of honey, all from white clover, linden, and buck- bush. We had no fall flow here, and secured no surplus after Aug. 1. The colony that did the best was a second swarm, hived June 4. It filled the hive and five supers of 28 sections each, every section capt and finisht completely. The net weight in supers waa 125)^ pounds. The poorest Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. ^<'^__L°-5^?io„sin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight niililon feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largfest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there Is In the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and 'whitest BasS'lVOOd is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Pleafe mention the .Ameiicau Bee Jouro'il. 7Atf FEED YOUR BEESi WITH BASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. ♦ lOO, 2 too teet, SIO. 100 Baswood Seedlings, *1. Dilivtred tree. Otlier -izes ju' mail. .^lilHons to select from. Also Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, ^ines, etc. Liberal cash commissions for clubs. nlustr.'Jted catalogue free. c;."-"l 1"' nl ShI.m.i. n wantc-d. Acidrcss D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL. I 4E6t Meiilion the American Bee Journal. Our Iew Catalogue Will Be Issued Soox. Send tis your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy FREE! IBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies IT ILLUSTRATES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Gr. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish "Wllite Altalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars iu Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 1% cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6K cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine BasS'WOOd Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. C^ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade '.' Order one 60-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or -10 cents for 3 pounds. Some may be able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It Jmay grow into a nice winter's work for you. GEOIUJE W. YORK & CO., 118 Mieliigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 124 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 25 colony put up no surplus, and there were three or four of them. The four acres of crimson clover I sowed in the fall of ISUn was a total failure; there was Dot a dozen live plants on the whole piece last spring. I sowed, last spring. 3T acres of Alsike clover; it caught well, and lookt nice last fall, and as it is only about l'^ miles from my bee yard, I am expecting wonders from it next summer! 1 have about 1,100 pounds of comb honey and 300 pounds of extracted yet on hand. Sales have been rather slow on account of the low prices of other produce; and I will not ship to a commission house, preferring, if I have to give it away, to give it to my neighbors, rather than to the commission- men. And, Mr. Editor, my dollar is ready as soon as the new Union is in working order, to help straighten out dishonest commission-men, and stop the sale of glu- cose under the name of honey. And, say, when the law to prevent the adulteration of honey is drafted, don't you think it would be a good idea to put in a clause requiring those that use full sheets of foundation in their sections of comb honey to state the fact on each package of honey, or each shipping-case, at least ? I think if they were required to do so, that within two years those that use full sheets of foundation or drawn combs in their sec- tions would be scarce. I furthermore believe that a great many people would buy comb honey that do not now if they did not have to chew a whole mouthful of wax to get the honey, or every time they took a taste of honey. And I even believe that it can be made to pay to breed queens from the colonies that build the tenderest comb, I find quite a differ- ence in comb built by different colonies during the same time, and from the same honey-flow, and, so far as I can see, both under the same conditions. S. La Mont. Wabasha Co., Minn., Jan. 30. [We have eaten quite a good deal of comb honey the past few years, and, from chewing it, never would have known that foundation had been used in producing it. It seems to us there is a vivid imagination somewhere when any one is annoyed by so- called "fishbone" in honey. Pure bees- wax, though indigestible, is not injurious to health, we believe. No, we'd better try to stop the adulteration of extracted honey first. Comb honey can take care of itself awhile yet.— Editor.] From an Arkansas Bee-Keeper. At presfnt I have 20 colonies, Sin box- hives and iri in frame hives without any comb-guides. They built the comb in bad shape. I use two honey-boxes on top of the hive crosswise, which I take off when full. My hives are 1(1 by 1-1, outside measure, by ]() inches deep, with 0 to 7 frames to the hive. Now I am sadly disappointed. I thought this spring I would buy good, standard hives, but alas, I am in the drouth-stricken region, and not able to buy. I am trying to make the best of it I can. as lumber does not cost me anything, as I own a half-in- terest in a sawmill and live iu a pine-tim- bered country. A. R. Yandell. Scott Co., Ark. The Bee Journal's Advertisers. EoiToii YoKK: — Ever since I have been a subscriber to the American Bee Journal I have never neglected to read the advertise- ments. 1 have had dealings with quite a number of the advertisers, and never had reason to complain. On the contrary. 1 have been so well pleased with certain dealings that 1 was going to write and tell you about them, but never did so because 1 thought you probably knew, without my telling it, that your advertisers were all right. Last summer I bought nine queens from Mens _ OF THE , WIfE /'-^ w ARE MANY ;ind often seem to be Rrcater than sUo i.s able to bear. This is doubly true wiiou sickn^'ss comes to hor and leaves In its witko that condition oi lassi- tude which bespeaks a broken down condition The most fruitful causes of these conditions arc FEMALE COMPAINTS, Bright's Disease, Urinary Troubles, General Debility, AND Malaria. A sure and effectual remedy for these and all diseases result- ing from, disordered Kidneys and Liver Is It is a purely vegetable prep- aration that has cured thou- sands and will euro you. Large sized bottles or new stylo smaller ones at your nearest store. <^f^.tiav, Uio Anwricar^ Bee /O'ttr'^vi', PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATfOH Has No Sag in Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Kottom FoundatioD Has Ko Fisbbone Id tbe Snrplas Bone;, BeiDK the cleanest la usually workeo tbe qalchesl ot any Foundation made J. VAN DEIJSEN & SONS, Sole ManntaotarerB, Sprout Brook Montgomery Co., N. Y. Mention the Avierican Bcc /euriw,''- Vell, O "f «'ll, <»"VEI.I-0»VZOMES Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: .5ft 10ft 25ft 50ft Alsike Clover ... . « .70 J1.25 J3.00 « 5.75 Sweet Clover (white) 65 1.20 2.75 5.00 White Clover 90 1,60 ;!.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 65 1.10 2.70 5.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, lor cartage, If wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. H ATCHChickens «,T steam bUic MOUEL EXCELSIOR Incubator .Simplf, Per/rrt, Sel/ Rfgnlnt- i„L. Straig-ht Cotribs Without Separators. The reason some don't get straight comb honey without separators is because of the way they use bait sections, or if they use only one or two sections they should take them out as soon as the bees begin to draw out the foundation. I have had no trouble when managed this way. My bees are wintering all right, packt on the summer stands. We are looking for an old-time white clover honey-flow this year. Everything points that way. W. D. Ckaig. Montgomery Co., 111., Feb. 9. The Season in Washington. In November, IS'.W. we had some unex- pected cold weather, indeed so cold that all natives could not remember having had such cold weather before for the time of the year in this part of the State. The mercury, some nights, dropt down to Ifi degrees, and potatoes, cabbage, etc.. that some people are used to leaving out on the ground all winter in their natural state, were nearly all killed. Since then we have had but very little cold weather, and the bees have been flying a good deal more than I like. Right now it is all spring weather, changing every hour with sun- shine and showers ot rain. With this kind of weather I expect to see the bees carrying in pollen in a few days from now. T. H. Waale. Clarke Co., Wash., Feb. 9. Gathering Pollen — Drones. We have had a splendid winter thus far, mild [and pleasant, with only three days that bees did not gather pollen. We have had abundance of rain to date, and it has come just right — all soakt into the soil. You must know that a peculiarity of this climate is that it usually rains in the night, and is clear or partially cloudy in the day- time. It just suits the old lady that wisht it would only rain Sundays and nights so the hired men could have a rest! Bees are doing well, and just tumbling over each other earring in pollen and some honey, sufficient to not have to draw on their stores. Mr. Paxton here informs me that he reared a queen and had her fertilized in January, by drones reared from an unim- pregnated queen. Now, what are you going to do about it '. Dr. E. Gallup. Orange Co.. Cal.. Feb. 10. Dividing for Increase. On page .54. I see a reference to a paper by N. E. France. Last August I had ou hand 8 frames ot fair comb from a defunct colony. My bees 1 1 have only 12 colonies) had not been swarming much of any, but were all good. 1 thought I would save those combs. I took a central comb, or nearly so, from each ot seven hives, with adhering bees, brood, etc., and put them into an empty hive, with the remaining iiiijiti/ comb in the center. As all were now demoralized by this " amalgamation " and the new order of things, I turned a little bee-teed down in among them, thinking that, true to their instincts, they would all pitch in to secure their stores and forget to fight, and store them at borne — the nearest PAID FOR P?i]! Beeswax For all the Ciood, Pure Vello^v Bees-wax delivered to our olTlce till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Blichigan st. , CHICAGO, ILL, ,.i'" Do'-SER'i fO SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies '. RoOT'.s Goods at Koot's Prices. Poader's Honey . Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S Ponder, 163 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis. Indiana. iitewERinC TMIS ADVEIITISEMEhr. MENTtOK -M"9 JCURKX.- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK UNG DISEASES. That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. ^^^—sufticiently serious to require expert medi- ^^^■cal treatment, addri^ss ^^H Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-Inch "Smoke Engine." Is It too large? Will It last too long? Will save you lots ot money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. P. BINGUAin, Farwell, micli. 5Atf Mention the American Bee Journal. CARLOADS or Bee-Hives. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address ' of every Bee-Keeper in Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, KivER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. H?«7i*!o'H die .-'^iiierican Bee founial \\nih\ HONEY-EXTRACTOR ITIUIII ^ Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. "Practical Hints" will be mailed for 10c. hi stamps. Apply to — Chas. T. Math & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. U'hifo riiirnr 1 want to correspond with flllllC innil all readers ot the ReeJour- llailOV W'llltiul "al who have lor expect to IIUIICJ IIUIIIIjU have this year )wtiite clover extracted honey for sale. Vi'ni. .\. Selaer, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. IMenllon the American Bee Journal. 12G THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Feb 25, ., ^ •VJ?,'^ \^\j\^u rciw^b that can t blow down nor burn up; that tiirnsallItiiulHof.sri..k\\ilh'nit injury; that • can't saff tHvausu it tak.-^up its own slack by • expanuinf>- and contriK-ting' as rciuired; • a fence which meets ev€Ty requirement • of a farm fence— buy the KIJYSTONE. • 25 to 58 inclios high. Fully de.sfrilx'd in our • free book on friu-e construction. Ktnd for it • Keystone Woven AVire Fence Co. , • • No. 3 Ilu-^h Street. Pkoria, III. • '*•••••••••§••••••••••••••••• •i* Money Saved is Money Gained. *^ THE ROYAL MM Life Insurance Conipanv DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents \%'auted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, 20Atf CHICAGO, ILL. RIfi MONEY IN POULTRY llPet Stock and Incubiitors if conducted ..ucording to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits" jus^i out and I sent postpaid with otir lh'97 Catalogue for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best euga and stock cost no more if [lurchaeed of US, you can then aell your product to iind thnusaniis others for high fancy prices. -We own 3(10 acres most eleirantly adapted to -poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY & PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY,N.Y 7 A13 Mention the American Bee Journal, Our '97 Cataloff —OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. iB yours for the asking. It Is full of Information. ^~ Write for It. I. J. STRINOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. Onr Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price-Llst. Address, K. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Box 187, Sheboygan, Wis. Mention tlie American Bee JmvmoL WANTED— ATTENTION ! hJKE HERE, Filend BeeKeeper. the best "goods are none too good, and the lowest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 1897 on Full lilne of Bee-KeeperH^ StippliPH. 1 defy competition in iiunHty and workman- ship. Working Wax into Foundation when sent to me, a specialty. Write, without tail, for Catiilog. My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at 2(ic cash, or 2i)c In trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6A8t Metiti*yii the American Bee Jouniai, Cockerels A . AlBo P1.ANTS— Strawberry, Ked and Black Cap Ka3pl)erry. mrs. I.. C. AXTELIi, 7Atf RosEVir.LE. Warren Co., III.. market. Well, it workt like a charm, and I do not think there was ever a cross word among them. As there was but little honey in those combs. I fed them a little for a few days, so as to keep them busy, and as they were not getting much outside. I expected them to rear their own queen, and they would, but three or four days later I gave them a laying queen After a week or so I lookt, and found one- half dozen queen-cells started, but now broken up, and eggs in both sides of the empty comb I had given them. They work as well, or better, than my other colonies, and on through the fall, I considered them just as strong and good as any 1 had. In the fall I took 10 or 12 pounds of section honey from them, and nuv. in the cellar, I think them as good as any I have. I will add that my hives are all S-frame, still this one is as good as any I have, and all are tip-top for Feb. 4. Mr. Prance took the above ground, and I relate my success in that line. A, W. Hart. Stephenson Co., Ill,, Feb. S. Good Influence of Bee-Keeping. It is very strange, but really very pleas- ing, that our little bees, and the culture thereof, draw the apiarists together in a brotherhood and sisterhood, as if they be- came oath-bound. This is a better odd- fellowship then that three-linkt fraternity. Would to God that all other agricultural pursuits would have the same effect! What a power would agriculturists be in our land, and how much good could they effect for the poor and downtrodden majority of our people! Of course, that would neces- sitate organization of all agriculturists, and — oh ! that the bee-hive would teach us, and drive us together into something— still better then the Farmers' Alliance, now stanch dead, because it did not confine itself to the original and common issues of universal utility. The study of our be- loved little bees, that gather honey from so many different plants, could teach us to beware of some idiosyncrasies and foolish eccentricities that killed that dear — but now dead— Farmers' Alliance. (Ret.) F. L. Richter. Cass Co., N. Dak. Chances for a Good Season, Etc. We had a good season last year, and the chances are good for the one that is coming. What has become of the remainder of that " St, Joe " convention report ? I approve of the stand the American Bee Journal has taken in regard to commission- men, honey-adulteration and amal gama- tion. May the shadow of the American Bee Journal never grow less. Cass Co., Mo., Feb. 3. W. D. Hurt. [Mr. Hurt, we don't know whether you refer to " the remainder of the 'St. Joe' convention report " still "on file" in Wash- ington, or our own " remainder," which we purchast of the reporter of that meeting. The latter we are still holding, as we thought there was so much more important matter that ought to be publisht ahead of it. We hope to reach it very soon now. But the longer we wait, the more appar- ent will be its " historical value!" — Editor.] A Threatened Bee-Lawsuit. When I wrote to Mr. Newman, the Gen- eral Manager of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, about my apiary being termed a nuisance in this city, I supposed the peti- tion was to be presented to the city council, but 1 found out later on that the council had been petitioned at least twice before, and had refused to take action. Then they commenced proceedings in the district court, charging the bees with eat- int; fruit, an annoyance about watering- places, stinging, soiling clothing, and other l& LANDS Foi- Sale a.t I.o>r Prices and on I'>a!!>y 'JTernis. The Illinois Central Railroad Company offers for sale on easy terms and at low prices, 150- 000 acres of choice fruit, gardening, farm and grazing lands located in mwm iLLiiis. They are also largely Interested In, and call especial attention to the 600,000 acres of land in the famous YAZOO VALLEY OF MISSISSIPPI lying along and owned by the Yazoo & Miss- issippi Valley Railroad Company, and which that company offers at low prices and on long terms. Special inducements and facilities offered to go and examine these lands, both In Southern Illinois and in the " Yaz jo Val- ley," Miss. For further description, map, and any information, address or call upon E. P. SKENE, Land Commissioner, No. 1 Park Row, Chicago, ill. 8E6t IHe-o-iiQn me Ariwrica'n Bee Jou/moA. INCUBATIOrjr is the first step in the poultry J nsinensaud much of future sue- T cess depends upon its complple- j riHss There is no failure v.here f RELIABLE , INCUBATOR* In ut>ed. It IB fully warranted iiU'l i i the product of twelve years of T Gxpenence. It has. never been beaten in a i a now. It isnot 1 life its competitors— it is better i \\e tell why in new book on poultry. Send 10c fori' ? REUA8LEJNCUBAT0R AND BROODER CO. QUINCY- lU^. T 36E17t Please racutlon the Bee Journal. For a knifb that will cut a horn without r crushing, because it cuts from four . ■ • • sides at once f^et- - THE KEYSTONE ^DEHORNER^i It is humane, raidd and durable. Fully ^- warranted. Highest award at Worlds 9 Fair. Descriptive circulars FR-EIE # A. C. BRO.SIlfS. Cocliranville, Pa. 0 40El3t Mention the American Bee JonmaL \A/ORTH SlO IN GOLD. Our Pon/fri/ Anmia^ anr 6ft flrlfs. Catalogue I'lce, T KITSELMAN BROS, J Rnx i:tH. Ridgeville* Ind.* 4HKt.I Mention uu. ^l iteriain Uee JoumtK PAUPQ FDPr * "Sf'ful articles for only 2-6mo. «ubs. uAMlO rnLL tol'oultryKcciierataftc.Everypoultry raiser wauls this leadinir poultry paper. Sample free. Addroti-s Poultry Keki'KH Co., Box 44 Parkesburg, Pa. isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 127 things; stating that they •bite" at one end and sting at the other. I think it would be interesting to have a bee examined, and have them show her teeth. Now as the burden of proof is on the prosecution, and as they have singled out my bees from all the others in the city, I think it will be difficult to identify my bees from the others. There are I'.l colonies on the next block east of me; 25 colonies with- in a radius of .5 blocks; and 03 colonies in- side of the city limits, besides my lUO colo- nies. Now tor the location of my apiary: lam in what is known as the 'Irregular Sur- vey," it being 2 blocks east and west, and I'v,' north and south, without street or alley through it. and 11)5 feet from the nearest sidewalk on 14th street, and 70 feet from Logan street, without walk and but little traveled; 21S feet from Dr. N. L. Van Sandt's lesidence, who is the principal kicker, aul 104 feet from the nearest colony in my yard to the nearest residence. On the day after the sheriff served the papers on me, I re 'eived a letter from Mr. Clark, the Doctor's attorney, asking me to call at their office. I did so. He proposed to withdraw the suit if I would promise to remove my bees. I did not promise. Be- fore leaving the office I secured the names on the petition (nine in number) — not a very large list for a city of over :i,OOU. Then in a few days I received another proposition, which was the same as the first, with .*.5(l added. I told him there was no compromise in the matter. After re- ceiving the 'Decision of the Supreme Court " from the Union, the others drew off, and left the Doctor standing alone. He told my attorney that he thought I would be like Davy Crockett's coon— when he pointed his gun at me. I would '■ come down." He will find me more like 'Banquo's ghost "—it would not down. His attorney told him if he went ahead with the suit, he did so at his own risk, as he could promise him nothing in the outcome. He has con- cluded not to bring it up at this term of the court. I want to thank Mr. Newman for his promptness in sending the Supreme Court Decisions. J. L. Strong. Page Co., Iowa. Against Sweet Clover Honey. Now, Mr. Editor, please don't join in the praise of the quality of sweet-scented clover honey. Wehaveraisei just as One white clover honey in this vicinity as the country produced, but ever since melilot has run out the white clover from our commons and fence-corners, the honey we produce is sweet-scented clover honey, which is no worse than other bokhara honey, of course, but which we could not offer to our trade, for table use. without losing our customers, all arguments to the contrary notwith- standing. CUAS. F. MUTH. Hamilton Co., Ohio. The ^Daiizeubaker^ Hive Has valuable features possest by no other, and is surely winning its way ; was awarded a Special Diploma, and 1 St Premium for COUB HONEY, at Mich. State Fair, 1896 Address, Francis llaiizenbaker, Medina, Oliio. Care The A, I. Hoot Coiupan;-. WHEN Answering this AovERTisEMeNT, Mention this jourmm- Convention ^'otice»>. Texas.— The next i nnual meeting of the Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at G cenvUl •, Wednesday and Thursday, April 7 and 8. 1817. All are cordially Invited to atteni. HONEY and BEESWAX MAKKirr 4c.; dark, '©Siic. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7c. ; amber, in barrels, 4@4^c: extra. 5c. : dark, 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax. 23@23Mc. -prime finds ready sale at 23Hc. San Francisco, Calif., Peb. 10.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, 5-7c. Extracted, white, 5-5 He. ; light amber, 4-4HC.; amber colored and candled. 3^0 ; dark tule, 25ic. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-25c. FhiladelpMa, Fa., Peb, 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C : fancy amber. 8-9c. : No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark, 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7o. ; amber, 4-5c. : dark, 3!4-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey — very Utile demand. Extracted in good demand. Detroit, Mich., Jan. 9.— Fancy white, 13- 14c; No. 1, 12-13C.; fancy amber, ll-12c.: No. 1 amber, lO-llc; fancy dark, 9-lOc.; No. 1, 8-9o. Extracted, white, 5i4-6c.; amber, 5c. ; dark. 4-4 Kc. Beeswax, 25-26c. Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 20.— No. 1 white. 12@13c.; No. 1 amber, 10rBneh, No. 1 Dovetailed hives, S-frame complete, with sections, foundation-starters, and nails, at $.5.75 for,'); *10..'')U for ill; .■?30.(I0 for 20 : No. IK, same without sections and .starters, $4.75 for ,5; *s.,50forlO: .■JliJ.oil for Ud: loframe complete. 'M cts. each extra; 10-frame E, 15 cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. II wsiiiletl l>y I'rcigflit, a«1«1 'i:if lur earla^e o» oi-«tfr!« for leas llian ^15 THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Geo. W. York, Manager. 118 Midiigaii Street, CHICAGO, ILL. PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK AT $1.00 PER ANNUM. 1861 37tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 4, 1897. No. 9. REV. W. K. 1MARSIIAL,L, D. D. Eev. W. K. Marshall was born in Indiana county, Pa., on July 19, 1808. He graduated at Jefferson College, in Penn- sylvania, in 1833, and in 1836 he entered the ministry in the Presbyterian church, and had been actively engaged in the work of the ministry in that church up to the time of his death. At an early period Dr. Marshall combined bee-keeping with his professional work. In 1839 he procured his first colony of bees, which was secured in the following way : Bees could not then be bought, for the reason that all bee-keepers believed that if they sold their bees, they would sell their luck. An old German in the neighborhood, who had a large stock of bees, and who was a warm friend, was anx- ious for Dr. Marshall to get bees, and told him it was right to steal bees. When the Doctor informed him he could not steal, he said if he would leave the money on the stand where the bees stood, the bees would not find it out, and it would be all right; but it would not do to let any person see him. So on one cold morning Dr. Marshall, with his wagon, took two colonies of bees, and left a five-dollar gold piece in the place. At an early period he conceived the idea of an improved hive. He first made a hive in two parts, with slats between them, hoping in this he could divide the bees, and make two hives. He next made a hive with bars on top 1 J-4 Inches wide, and attacht comb starters to them. He was astonisht when he saw the Langstroth frame, that he did not see the neces- sity of end and bottom pieces. Dr. Marshall went to Texas in 1854, and in 1855 started an apiary of some 20 colonies. In lS6b he first began to use the Langstroth hive, and in 1860 procured the first Italian queen, and probably the first that was brought to Texas. With the movable frames, the Italian bee, and with his own discoveries, and those of others, he commenced progres- sive bee-keeping. At one time his apiary run up to 350 colo- nies, and he secured, one year, 20 tons of honey. Dr. Marshall took the American Bee Journal when first publisht at Washington, D. C. He wrote largely on bee-cul- ture for the home papers, and had been an active member of the Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association. He was a close observer, and much of his knowledge in bee-culture was the result of his own observation and experi- ence. Up to the time of his death he was an active worker in bee-culture, and in every other good cause. A Southern paper contained the following account of Dr. Marshall's death and church work : Rev. W. K. Marshall, D. D., died at his home in Marshall, Tex., Jan. 6, 1897, in the Syth year of his age. We met him last at the General Assembly, at Dallas, in May, 1895, and tho his form was bent his eye was bright, his courage brave, and his voice reasonably strong, even at the age of about 87. On his 88tb birthday, in July last, he preacht in the church at Marshall, administering the communion in a most impressive and touching manner. Dr. Marshall has left his impress on the church In the eastern part of Texas. For about 40 years he labored in eastern Texas, and for 20 years he lived in Marshall, or in its neighborhood, and has taken an interest in all the work of our church in that locality. And he has awakened others to work for the Lord. At the funeral, on Jan. 8, the services were conducted by Rev. J. E. McLean, assisted by Rev. Dr. Riggs, of Dallas. By the kindness of Rev. C. M. Hutton, we have the fol- lowing sketch of his life ; "Rev. William K. Marshall, D. D., the son of William Marshall and Mary Kirkpatrick, was born in Indiana county, IT. K. Marshall. Pa., July 19, 1808. He had five brothers, John, James, Samuel, Robert and Benjamin. Samuel was a minister and died the first year of his ministry. John was an elder in the Presbyterian church 65 years, and was still living, in his 88th year, at the date when this sketch was written (Feb. 6, 1895). Dr. W. K. Marshall was graduated from Jefferson College, Pa., in 1833, under the presidency of the celebrated Matthew Brown. He attended the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, Pa., In 1833-3('>. He had joined the church in his college course at Jefferson College in 1832, and imme- 130 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 4, diately after his graduation, went to the TheoloRical Semi- nary. He was received into the Canonsburg church, Pa., then under the pastorate of Rev. John McMillan. He was licensed at Blairsville, Pa., in 1S.36, by the Presbytery of Blairsville. He was ordained at La Porte, Ind., by the Pres- bytery of Logansport. He was married to Sarah Morrison at La Porte, lud,, in 1839. He celebrated his golden wedding in 1889. He was pastor as follows: La Porte, Ind., 1837- 45; Van Buren, Ark., 1846-5-1; Henderson, Tex., 1855- 75. Since this time he has been largely engaged in evangel- istic worlc. At the date of his sketch (Feb. (5, 1895) he had been in Texas 41 years, and had never mist a day, by sick- ness, from his ministeral work." « Price of Comb Honey vs. Extracted." BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. Following up that convention discussion, spoken of in my last article (see page 81), I next find Dr. Miller stating the question in a still different way, for he says : "In other words, the question now is. What is that honey [extracted of the same grade as comb honey which sells at 22 cents per pound] worth to me on my table ?" At this Mr. Ellis jumps up and says, "The same price," while Mr. York demurs, and says, "The question is, ' What should consumers pay?' " Now, If the Doctor knew what he was doing when he stated the question at this the final statement, as is given in the report, then I accept none of the replies given later, but would answer by saying that one pound of extracted honey of the same grade is worth to Dr. Miller, or on Dr. Miller's table, just as much as it was in the year 1874, when he would have had to pay from 30 to 40 cents per pound for a good article of extracted honey. Is not that so? If not, why not ? Don't all speak at once. Will not that pound of extracted honey, " of the same grade," give just at much muscle, just as much health, just as much buoyancy, and just as much pleasure as it would in 1874? And if it will, is it not worth just as much? This being the fact, and no one will question this, why were some of those " Sucker " State people "off their base " enough to be talking only 10 cents for something which would give from 30 to 40 cents worth of muscle, health, life, and activity, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety-six ? Will some one who was at that convention rise and explain ? for I am in a state of agitation over the matter. But should such a thing be possible that the good Dr. Miller's brain got a little twisted, so that he did not make the question exactly plain, which required Mr. York to put in his demurer, and that Mr. York stated the question aright, then taking the foregoing into consideration, the thing is very simple; the consumer should pay from 30 to 40 cents per pound for extracted honey of the same grade as comb honey selling at 22 cents per pound, for we have already seen that this said pound of honey was worth that in muscle, health, etc., no matter whether the year was 1 or 1896. In this I am borne out by Mr. Qrabbe, where he speaks of intrinsic value, for intrinsic value is essential value, and muscle and health is one of the greatest essentials to man in this world. But hold on : I see by looking closely, that this same Mr. Grabbe says, " I don't think that we can say what the con- sumer should pay, he decides that for himself." Does he ? If so, how comes it about that it is decided for me just how much of the price of my honey I shall pay for coal, for kerosene oil, for boots, yea and for freight on my honey ? Have I, as a consumer of these things, a chance to decide for myself what I shall pay? Those who think I have, hold up your hands. What, not a hand up ? Then if I, as a consumer of coal, of boots and freight, have to pay just what I am charged for the same, must not the consumer of my honey pay just what I see fit to charge him for it? If not, then there Is something wrong somewhere, and the sooner I find where this wrong is, and remedy It, the better it will be for me, and what Is better for me, will be better for the world. Can It be that It has come to such a pass with bee-keepers, that they have to siy to others, " What will you give ?" and when they have the "what will you give" price in their hands, turn around, get down on their knees and humbly say toothers, "What will you take?" Have we come to the white man and Indian condition, who, after a day's hunt, found their possessions to consist of a turkey and a turkey buzzard, to be divided ; and have it said to us, as the white man did to the Indian, " You can have the turkey buzzard and I will take the turkey, or I will take the turkey and you can have the turkey buzzard ?" If so, then we can well ex- claim with the poor Indian, " He talkee no turkey to me !" And now I wish to put before the reader another line of thought, even should it butt against some of the things I have advanced in this and the preceding article. I have always considered Mr. Haldridge a level-headed apiarist, and so consider him yet, but the most level-headed are sometimes liable to make mistakes, and if Mr. B. was re- ported correctly, on pages 22 and 23, he there made one of the greatest mistakes of his life. Speaking on the price of extracted honey, it is reported that he said, first, " without any reference to the cost." Next he is made to say, " It is immaterial, for that matter, what it costs the bee-keeper to produce it." And lastly he says, "that it is not his [the con- sumer's] business to know what it costs me to produce it" [ex- tracted honey]. Well, if the above three quotations are right, then the greatest of the Bible commands — "Thou shalt love they neighbor as thyself " — has no place in the affairs of men to- day. God created the world, sent it rolling through space, and provided in it everything necessary for the physical wants and comfort of man. Then he created man, and said to him, " Go till [labor on] the soil, eat and live." Hence, we have in labor (costs) everylhing which should regulate the price of any- thing which any member of the human family desires. The land (and this, in an economic sense, includes everything as it came from the hand of God, unimproved upon by man, like the soil, the trees of the forest, the fish of the sea, the bees in their natural home, etc.) God gave free; man furnishes the labor, and from labor applied on land comes wealth. Thus, in order to do no injustice to any one, the labor part (cost) should regulate the price of any article or thing desired by man. As it costs in labor about six times as much to produce a bushel of wheat as it does to produce a pound of comb honey, six pounds of comb honey and a bushel of wheat should be about equal as to price, and, remaining so, the bee-keeper and the wheat-grower love each other [their neighbor] as them- selves. This we see has been very nearly followed out, for when wheat brought $1.50 a bushel, honey brought 25 cents per pound ; when wheat went to 75 cents, honey brought 12K cents ; and I have never heard any bee-keeper growl about hard times, or low price of honey, when he compared honey with wheat. Compare butter with honey, in the same way, and we see no one is doing ought except loving their neighbor as themselves, along this line. But when we come to lay the labor cost of honey along side of coal, oil, railroad fare and freights, salaries of officials, interest, taxes, etc., then we see that it takes from two to five times as much of our labor in bee-keeping to procure the same results to ua that it did 25 years ago. And as we bee-keepers look on this side, more than on any other, and smart under the wrongs being perpe- trated by those who are not loving their neighbors as them- selves, thus defrauding us, by bringing on an inequality, an unjust system, we get "our backs up" and talk as did Mr. Haldridge, or propose a " Bee-Keepers' Exchange," in order that we can match this "money power" in its wrongdoing, and so force our share from them by using the same wrong principles. Thus we are saying "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth," instead of striving to carry out the doctrine of the Blessed Master, by working with might and strength to put down this wicked, false system, and establish In its place a system which will do no one injustice. Just a few words more and I will close this already too long article. If the principles put forth by Mr. Baldridge and the California Honey Exchange could be carried out to their fullest extent (which is impossible), are we sure we should not be wronging others? Listen: "Nightgowns, with tuckt yokes and insertion, are being made at $1.00 a dozen; shirts are being made at 30 cents a dozen ; coats are being ' finisht' at 30 cents a dozen ; neckties are being made at .$1.25 a gross," etc., according to " Prisoners of Poverty." Think of forming an " Exchange" to keep the price of extracted honey up to 22 cents per pound, and thus compelling some poor human being, created in God's own image, to make 26 neck- ties for the same, that the sick and starving children may have something to soothe their irritated, coughing throats, 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 131 and then saying that the cost cuts no figure in the matter ! Then, remember, that through our unjustsystem 35,000,000 people are without homes in this land of liberty (?], with little or no chance of the results of their labor (after furnishing the actual necessities of life), ever going for a pound of honey ! The time has come for thought and action along other lines than " how to produce the most and best honey from a given number of colonies," etc. (which we have been writing about during the past), if we are to live in the future at our beloved pursuit. That the beekeepers of the world may be set to thinking, is the excuse for this and the former article. • Oaondaga Co., N. Y. Value of Sweet Clover — How to Grow It. BT S. M. SEELEY. I noticed an inquiry in the Bee Journal regarding sweet clover as a bee-food, when to sow it, etc., and as I have had 10 or more years' experience with sweet clover, and know some of its good qualities, I wish to recommend it to the readers of the Bee Journal. As a bee-food the sweet clover, either the yellow or white, has no equal as a honey-plant, and I have observed that those Siteet Clover — Melilotiis Alba. who have access to it invariably report a good supply of honey. Such has been the case with me, while many who have not the clover, are feeding their bees each winter. Now, I would suggest to those who read the Bee Journal, that they proHt by the experience of others, and at least give this clover a fair trial. It Is my experience that it makes the greatest quantity and finest quality of honey.of any plant I have ever tried. I also consider sweet clover a good fertilizer, and I have not yet found Its equal If properly applied. I would recommend this procedure : After cultivating your corn the last time, sow two or more acres at the rate of one measured bushel of seed per acre. It is best sown in the hull, as it loses Its germinating qualities sooner if hulled The ground being shaded, it will not make a very large growth until you cut the corn, which should be done as early as possible ; then It will shoot up and cover the ground, and make a good fall feed as pasture. The next year leave as many acres as will furnish you with seed for the next two or three years, and thrash It with a flail as soon as possible after cutting. The remaining part of the field should stand till necessary to plant corn, then turn it under with a plow. If you wish to obtain honey from it, let It stand till it ripens. By this plan you may enrich your farm in a few years, and not have a weed to contend with. Four years ago I sowed -4 acres for hog-pasture; a por- tion of this was bottom land, and well sodded with yellow dock. Today there is no dock to be seen; In short, I believe sweet clover will take out any weed that grows. It is very easily exterminated, either by cutting or plowing under before the seed gets ripe. I have read several sketches in the Bee Journal like this : " We have no surplus honey from our bees this season, and have fed 1,000 pounds of syrup to 40 colonies of bees." It strikes me If my beefrieuds would scrutinize the Bee Journal more carefully they would see how men like Stolley, Bald- ridge, and others, succeed with different honey-plauts, and they would have better reports for the Bee Journal. Now, this may be rather severe, but I will make this offer to any one in Kansas or adjoining States, that has had access to sweet clover, with his bees In good condition, and has met with more than one failure in the last 5 or 6 years : I will pay his subscription to the Journal for one year. Now this may be a rather rash offer, as I have not read the Bee Journal that long, but will stand by my ofler, hoping to learn of some one's experience that will be of use to me. Waubaunsee Co., Kans. [For seed rates on the above clover, see page 138. — Ed] A Few Bee-Notes from California. Br PROF. A. .J. COOK. Successful Honey- Year Expected. — We have now had at this place over 1 5 inches of rain, and the clouds still fling out their cheering banner. Last year we had only about 10 inches ; 15 inches is the amount usually given as necessary to a honey crop. Thus we see that Southern California has reason to expect a successful honey year during the season of 1897. Mr. Mclntyre, of the famous Sespe region, writes that they have had over 17 inches there. It is needless to say that the bee-keepers of Southern California are at present wearing their broadest smile. Moving to California. — I am often askt by correspon- dents in the East regarding the policy of coming to California. I always reply that I think California offers special induce- ments to persons with some capital ; but that It Is dangerous for one to come here who has no capital, as the laborers seem more abundant than work. I have a case, however. In mind, that has interested me very much. It is that of Mr. Taylor, formerly a successful bee-keeper in Michigan. I had the pleasure of staying with Mr. Taylor at his pleasant California home a few days since. Mr. Taylor lost his health in Michi- gan, and his money as well, for It all went to the doctors. He left his family — wife and two children— In Michigan, and started for Southern California. His friends never expected to see him again. When he arrived here, four years ago, he had only S-IO, very poor health, and his wife and two children yet In the East. He has now entirely regained his health, has his wife and three children with him, has a fine apiary, and .S2,000 in the bank. I do not mean to say that everybody would accomplish as much. Mr. Taylor is an intelligent Christian man, true to the core, and Is a hustler. He doesn't fool away any time, and he never lets an opportunity go, however humble it may be, if It presents good, honest work. To me, there is nothing pleasanter in this world than to see a man succeeding as Mr. Taylor Is doing, and to know that our country will rarely left the industrious, deserving men go hungry to bed. Tele Michigan Convention Report. — It was a rare treat to read the proceedings of the Michigan convention iu the last American Bee Journal. It seemed almost like a visit again with such old tried friends as Taylor, Hutchinson and Bingham — noble fellows all. I often think of the good old times we had, talking over the Interests of bee-culture, and planning for its more successful prosecution in our beloved 132 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 4, Michigan. It is pleasant to live over in memory the old scenes and pleasures of the past happy days, but I wish it to be in memory, for I never virish to leave, for long, this beloved Southern California. The grand mountains, the lovely climate with its genial sunshine, the luscious fruits, ever fresh, and, above all, the magnificent people, unequalled, I believe, on the face of the earth, hold me in perfect fascina- tion to this lovely region of the South. Los Angeles Co., Cal., Feb. 15. Bee-Notes from Nebraska. BY J. M. YOUNG. When it is zero weather outside, like it has been for the last week, it is a good deal of satisfaction to know that nearly all of our bees are in chaff hives packt in good shape, and with plenty of honey to carry them through. Comb honey is being sold in our market by Omaha whole- sale bummers for less money than we can sell it. The honey is very nice, and put up in very attractive cases, holding 24 sections. It hails from Utah, and was perhaps gathered from alfalfa. Extracted honey is also being sold here by some- body, and is put up in small glass tumblers with a piece of comb put in. We notice that this honey doesn't candy. Mine always does. I seldom open a bee-hive at any time unless I have the smoker lighted, and in good working order, sitting near by, in case of emergency. Very often I can, and do, open hives without blowing smoke down in among the bees, but then it is a risky business. Sometimes I have half a notion to think that the bees know just when you are prepared for battle, and about how much ammunition you have. In learning to handle bees, it is foolish to th.ink of getting them unless we make up our minds to work and subdue them. The dread of getting stung will soon disappear, and after diligent practice you will soon become accustomed to their ways, and after a short time you will be surprised to learn how easy it is to avoid their stings — in fact, after continued practice it will soon become natural and a pleasant pastime. About the first thing I do when I pick up a new bee- paper is to read the editorials, or what the " bosses " have to say about this and that, and if there have been any new im- provements made on honey-cases, covers to hives, and hives. I always think if there is anything to be launcht on the sea of apiculture, it should be accompanied by an engraving. Pictures cost money, that is true, but one can get a clearer idea, and at once, from a good illustration, than from a half column of directions, and in the end I firmly believe a good drawing or cut is worth more to the utensil to be introduced, than can be otherwise obtained. I always like to read footnotes to any article, and they catch my eye first, for they are generally the cream skimmed from the milk, and many a time these short notes contains in substance the sense of the entire article. If the bee-keeper tries to winter bees on the summer stands in any form of a hive other than a chafif or double-walled hive, it is my opinion that he will lose more in the value of bees than the extra expense he would be at in making chafi hives of some kind. I think that some form of a hive that can be used for summer advantages should be used. This thing of having outside winter cases to set over hives is decidedly at a disadvantage in many ways. When winter is over they cannot be used about the apiary during summer to any advantage whatever, but the bee-keeper must have a house or some place provided for them to keep them from the weather, or they will be warpt and weather beaten, and will last but a few years. Hence, the construction of my summer and winter chaff hive certalnly-overcomes many of these ob- jections. Very often, just a few bees from a queenless colony in tho apiary will fly and dodge around your head all day long, and make a great deal of fuss, simply because they are a little bit out of humor, and their master has been tinkering with their mother, or handling them. The more you can kill or knock down these little rascals the less you will be bothered with them. More bees starve to death with honey in tho hive, and that within two inches of them, than from any other cause, from the fact that during severely cold weather bees form themselves into one compact form or body, and when all the honey is consumed within their reach, unless the weather is warm enough for them to change their location from one part of the hive to another, in order to reach their stores, they will surely starve with plenty of feed near them. This is usually the case with single-walled hives, hence the adoption of chaff hives to confine the heat arising from the bees. Cass Co., Nebr., Jan. 30. The New Hoffman Frame for 1897. BY E. R. BOOT. When we first introduced the Hoffman frame, some years ago, it took like hot-cakes, and the continued and increasing demand for it ever since shows plainly enough that it is a practical labor-saver. It had, however, just one fault); namely, that the bees would stick the ends of the top-bars to the contiguous parts of the hive-rabbet, so that, in order to remove one frame, it sometimes became necessary at some seasons of the year to break this top-bar propolis connection of several other frames before the frame in question could be removed. We have been studying on this problem for a couple of years. We have recognized the fact that a bee- space around the ends of the top-bars would solve the trouble. The next difficulty was, how to prevent end play. We had thought of a number of devices, and finally Mr. John S. Call- breath, of New York, sent us a frame with furniture-nails under the top-bar. I must confess I was at first delighted with the idea. During the summer we tested several hives with these end- spacers on the frames ; and to say that I was pleased with them after manipulation was putting it mildly. During the very worst part of the propolis season, and even when it turned cooler, so that the bee-glue would snap, I could handle Hoffman frames with these end-spacers, with my fingers alone. Such a thing as a screwdriver or a pry was unneces- sary. The reason will be apparent. The metallic head of the furniture-nail striking against the tin rabbet would offer the bees no chance to propolize ; and even if they did attempt to stick it, the points of contact were so small that it practically amounted to nothing. You can set it down as a rule that bees will never attempt to daub up with propolis a point of metal when it comes against a flat surface of metal. But we met one serious difficulty — the cost. After a good deal of inquiry we were forced to the conclusion that we could not get these furniture-nails cheap enough without tucking on another dollar or two per 1,000 to the cost of the frames. Then our thoughts turned to nails, staples, strips of sheet metal, iron buttons, and everything else, in fact. The staples seemed to be the most feasible. Here is shown a set of Hoffman frames with staple end-spacers : These staples, providing they are driven the right depth, are as good as furniture-nails, and cost only one-fifteenth as much. Of course, it will be understood that top-bars on all such frames will be a bee-space shorter than the last year's top-bars. The staples are fully as strong, and present as little surface of contact as the furniture-nails. This improvement is so important and far-reaching in its benefits, that, just as soon as spring opens up, we shall change over to tho end-spacing style of Hoffman in all our yards. It 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 133 will not be necessary to discard our old frames filled with comb. One man, in three or four days' time, can chauRe over all our colonies. He will carry along with him a light, slinrj) back-saw, and will cut off from each end of the top-bar '4 inch, and then drive in the staple. Time can bo saved by shaking the bees off all of the combs of the colony In front of the entrance, and then change the frames, after which pro- ceed to the next colony. All surplus combs not in the hives can be changed over now in the shop. The beauty of this improvement is that every one can adopt it for his own yard, where he has old-style frames; and the beneiit is so great that it does not seem to me that any one can afford not to use it. We have already changed over a few of our hives sufficient to know that the work of changing over end-spacers is but slight, comparatively. — Gleanings. Report of the Wlscoiisiu State Convention. The 13th annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Bee- Keepers' Society was called to order by the Secretary, Feb. 3, 1897. As the attendance was not very large, the fore- noon was spent mostly in discussing the efforts to secure a foul brood law, and of the reports received. At 1:30 p.m. the meeting was called to order by Pres. F. Wilcox, followed with prayer by Rev. Winter. The minutes of previous meeting were read and approved, after which a report of the committee on foul brood legislation was given as follows : REPORT ON FOUL BROOD AND SWEET CLOVER. February T, 1896, the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Society adopted the following resolution : "Resolved. That a committee be appointed which shall represent all the bee-keepers' societies of VVisconsin ; that said committee shall correspond with the bee-keepers of the State, to learn the extent of bee-keeping in Wisconsin, the annual production of honey and wax, the extent and seriousness of foul brood, and how many really desire their bees protected by a foul brood law. Also that said committee inquire of bee- keepers and others if they desire sweet clover (melilotus alba) stricken from the noxious weed list. Said committee to take such action as seems best to secure the needed legislation." President F. Wilcox then appointed N. E. France, of Platteville, as said committee, and so to act. On July IT, 1896, I sent 400 printed circulars to Wisconsin bee-keepers, with a request to reiurn by Aug. 1 the printed crop report. Soon the reports began coming, and still continue. As many had but commenced their honey harvest, they could only give a partial report; but from the hundreds of reports received, I learned there was a little over 45,000 colonies of bees in Wis- consin, that produced a harvest of 2,250,000 pounds of honey, and ;)0,000 pounds of wax — at present wholesale prices worth a total of .S 160,000. Some 600 cases of foul brood were reported, scattered through 10 counties, and com- plaints of carelessly selling diseased honey and bees wherever a market was found, thereby spreading the disease. I at once wrote to foul brood inspectors in different States and Canada, asking for a copy of their foul brood laws, and for each one to suggest where, by their experience, their law could be improved. September 24 I sent 200 circulars to Wisconsin bee- keepers, with a total of reports to date, and a few of the let- ters received, and a form of foul brood law that would best suit the demands for Wisconsin. Many bee-keepers have either seen their legislators, or written them, of the much- needed legislation, and up to this date not one voice has been heard agaii;st the support of the Bill. The Bill was introduced by my Assemblyman, and I was allowed to plead our case before the legislative committee. I wish to warn bee-keepers to be cautious in buying bees, queens, honey-cackages or supplies, from locations where foul brood exists. Last year one bee-keeper of Florida lost 300 colonies with this fatal disease, and in an adjoining county another lost 200 colonies. Then Cuba, near by, lost 1,200 colonies in one county. So I might enumerate. As much of this Southern honey finds market In our Northern cities, I caution you not to buy any more second-hand or emptied honey-packages. N. E. France, Com. Mr. George W. York, editor of the American Bee Journal, exhibited some fine alfalfa honey from Utah, and a sample of deep-cell comb foundation that was ahead of any foundation ever seen by any member present. On motion, Mr. York was elected an honorary member of the Society. Next was the following essay by Mr. York, entitled, MABKETINa HONEY FOB 1897. This is an up-to-date subject. It might well be called an antedating subject, as its direct application cannot be made until about six months hence — perhaps next July, or later. But it is always well to plan in advance — to think out our line of work, and then afterward be prepared to work out our "think." This applies as well to marketing the honey crop, as to other subjects. But what about marketing, or disposing of, the honey crop of 1897— t/iis ticrjy i/eor i' Of course, we can't well sell a thing before we are certain the thing itself will be in hand when the proper time arrives. But, supposing you are favored with a bountiful honey crop this year, the question is. How will you market it to the best advantage? Some of you may decide to sell it through city commission- men — and then, some of you will not try that thing again ! A burnt child dreads the fire. And yet fire is a good thing, if it be of the right kind and properly used. But gun-powder or other hot explosives are quite unsafe as a means of conveying warmth and comfort. So beware of the boasting, bombastic and over-friendly city commission-men, for finally they are much like strong drink— "At the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder." The " stings " of crooked com- mission-men are infinitely worse than bee-stings, as some of you have doubtless discovered to your sorrow. But please remember that there are some trustworthy commission-men, and perhaps many of you can do no better than to continue to patronize them. At least one reliable Chicago honey commission-man has customers that purchase of him by the carload. He has created a demand. In one day, I understand, he disposed of three carloads of honey without so much as touching it himself. But It has taken years of constant effort to develop such a demand. Another thing, that particular dealer knows all about the honey-busi- ness, from the bottom up, and all the way back again. But before any definite plan of marketing can be decided upon, I feel that another question needs settling. I refer to the retail honey trade. How can we best reach the millions who should be eating pure honey daily, but who seldom see it now or know what it is? This is a question that I have pondered over quite a good deal, and I am just now doing a little experimenting on it in Chicago. I find that the four or five thousand grocery stores there sell very little honey. Even the large retail stores, in the heart of the city, with their busy grocery departments, have little call for honey. And why is this ? Why do not people ask their grocers for honey as they would ask for maple syrup, sugar, or any other good thing to eat ? I can give you one reason in a single word, Qlucose ! Why, do you know, the mass of people— particularly in cities— have been treated to such big doses of glucose, and so often, under the name of " Honey," that they fear to buy any- thing so labeled ? They have bought the distasteful, diabolical stuff, and individually have said, " Well, if tliat's honey, I do7i'tivant any more'." And / don't blame them. I have seen so much of honey-adulteration in Chicago, that sometimes I am almost discouraged and disheartened on account of it. I may be getting away from my assigned " text " for this "sermon," but. if so, I am sure you will pardon me, for I feel that this adulteraton question is so closely connected with the successful marketing of honey that it cannot be easily waved aside. I am deeply interested in this matter. I want the con- suming public to have a good chance to buy the pure, unadul- terated product of the bee-hive, and not be continually im- posed upon and defrauded by a mixture of one-tenth honey- comb and nine-tenths corn-juice, concocted in some dark, dingy, and dismal city cellar ! Just now, I am leaning toward the conclusion that in order to induce the grocery dealers to take more interest in selling honey, the producers will have to put up extracted product in small tin receptacles (say pints and quarts), and put each section of comb honey in a paper box (carton), and then crate each in one and two dozen lots. I think that screw- capt tin cans, holding I'i and 3 pounds each, can be pur- chased in quantity, at 3 and :i3:i centj, respectively. The 134 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. A, cartons perhaps can be had, nicely printed, at J-2 cent each. The tin packages should also bear upon them a label, showing only the producer's name, kind of honey, and brief directions for liquifying in case of granulation. The greatest objection retail dealers have to honey is its general stickiness, and tendency to ooze out in one way or another. Hence the extracted honey should be in screw-cap cans, and the comb honey in a pasteboard box, or carton. Both are then safe and convenient to handle. But both must be of the best guaiity possible. And it will not do to put half- filled sections, or broken comb. Into the cartons. Every thing must be strictly fine, if it is desired to secure and hold a de- mand. People generally are willing to pay for what they get, but they also want to get just what they pay for. Again, it is possible that one bee-keeper might be selected to accompany large shipments of honey to different cities and there dispose of it ; or he could act as an advance agent — go on ahead with exact samples, and arrange all details of the sales before the honey arrives. At least, that would be more satisfactory than to send the honey unaccompanied by any one of the Interested shippers. All know that it is always more satisfactory to deal personally than by correspondence. But, after all, it may be that the only perfect plan of marketing honey will be found in an in imitation of the city milk-dealers' systam. It might be varied somewhat by having a central place in each city where the honey could be stored, and from which storehouse delivery wagons could get their daily or weekly supply. A city could be divided into districts, and each assigned to a salesman who would visit every home or office, and endeavor to induce purchases. Of course, it would be necessary to adopt a distinctive brand, or copyrighted label, so that consumers could be educated to accept only honey-packages bearing an approved label or brand. Certainly, all this means a long and constant campaign of honey education, but in the end I believe it would pay well. I wish it could first be tried in a smaller city than Chicago. Why not in your own beautiful and thrifty city of Madison ? If the system should prove a success here, it could be trans- planted to other cities, where it doubtless would flourish. It needs patient effort on the part of interested salesmen, who understand thoroughly the various uses of honey, and who could simply compel all grades of humanity to at least give the honey one trial. Having placed that one sweetened en- tering-wedge, I believe thereafter no further difficulty would be experienced in making repeated sales. Pure honey always " tastes like more." Perhaps this plan is worthy your consideration, and per- haps not. I leave it with you. In conclusion, I would say that if anything I have said shall lead to a discussion that will result in something definite and helpful to you all, I shall feel well repaid for having come to your meeting. While to meet and greet the splendid bee- keepers of Wisconsin is indeed a delightful pleasure to me, yet to be able to help you to a more profitable and successful busi- ness, and to aid in the least in placing so delicious and health- ful sweet as honey upon every table in the land, I would count a far greater honor. George W. York. Chicago, 111., Jan. 25, 1897. The above caused an interesting discussion on size and kind of packages, retailing honey, etc. A recess was then taken, when Mr. R. H. Schmidt exhib- ited his "New Champion" bee-hive, and Mr. Van Allen showed one of the Van Allen & Williams 4-frame reversible extractors. The following 14 members then paid their dues — 50 cents each : J. Hoffman, F. Wilcox, N. E. France, H. A. Winters, C. Spangenberg, II. H. Brown, J. J. Ochsner, H. Lathrop, R. H. Schmidt, Chas. Hildreth, A. G. Wilson, Van Allen Inches ■ Closed, H by 11 luclies " ' The Popular and Electoral Votes for President in 1884, 1888 and 1892, by States. List of All the Presidents. Agricultural Productions. Mineral Products. Homestead Laws and Civil Service Rules. Statistics of Ininiigration, 1820 to 1891. Public Debt for the Past 100 Years. Gold and Sliver Statistics. Number and Value of Farm Animals. Cultivable Area as Compared with Increase of Popu- lation. Postal Information, with Domestic and Foreign Rates, and Other Informa- tion that should be in every Home, Store, OlJtice and Schoolroom. We will mall this great Atlas, postpaid, for only 50 cts.; or for $1.40 we will send it with the Bee .loiirnal for one year ; or wo will mail it free as a New Subscriber ($1.00) to the Bee Journal Our Liberal Offers : one premium for sending us for a year. GEORaE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. The^Daiizeiibaker^Hive Has valuable features possest by no other, and is surely winning its , ^- ., ^ way ; was awarded a ^~«!_^^ ■! v,i^ Special Diploma, and ^"^^^^^ 1st Premium for COMB HONEY, at Mich. State Fair, 1896. Address, Fraiieis Daiizenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care Tlio A. I. Hoot Company. When AiiBwERirta this Advertisement, Mention this Journau PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOl! Ilaa No Sag In Brood.Framea Thin Flat-KoUom Foundation Ban to Fishbone In the Surplan Hooof . BelDK the oleaneat 18 usuHlly workeo the qaiokeat of any Foandiitlon made J. VAN DKIISGN & SON», Hole .Manafaotarers, Bproot Brook MontKomery Co., N. T. MerUU/n the American Bee JoumaL lOlb 251b 501b J1.25 j:i.oo t 5.75 1.00 2.25 4.00 1.60 3.75 7 00 1.00 2.25 4.00 .90 2.00 3.50 Honey - Clovers ! We have made arranj^ements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovera by freight or express, at the foUowinjir prices, cash with order: 51b Alsike Clover ... . 8 .70 Sweet Clover (white) .60 WblteClover 00 Allalla Clover 60 Crimson Clover 55 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, tor cartage, if wanted by freight. Vour orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. [(ee-Keepers and Accumulators In the U. S., Tt may be of advuntiiKe to you communicate with us If you have Pure Yellow Rcoswax lor sale. No impure wauled. Wo are buj'ers. Address, BAIKiUT A. ilKIU, 8 S. William St., - New Vokk, N. Y. B^ent/Mn SM Anu^rUjui Bee JBtumai:., 8A4t ' Question;) 'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Room for Queen in Producing Comb Honey. Query 45. — 1. In working for comb honey, is it best to give a queen all the room she will occupy 1 2. It you think It best to restrict, should the restriction be all the time, or when, and how much ?— Kan. Jas. A. Stone — 1. Yes. Rev. M. Mahin — 1. I think it is best. Prof. A. J. Cook — Too much to answer here. So much depends. Emerson T. Abbott — 1. I give her all the room there is in a one-story 8-frame hive. W. G. Larrabee — 1. Yes. I would give the queen at least 10 frames all the time. G. M. Doolittle— Nine Gallup or 8 Langstroth frames are about right for comb honey. Chas. Dadant & Son — 1 and 2. Yes, if you restrict her, let it be only towards the end of the crop. Eugene Secor — 1. Early in the season, yes. During the honey-flow, no. 2. During the honey-flow. C. H. Dibbern — 1. I usually let the bees manage that themselves, and don't know what would be best. P. H. Elwood — 1. Give room for the queen and bee-bread in the main depart- ment. Give room for the honey above. R. li. Taylor— 1. No. 2. Restrict her one month before the end of the princi- pal honey-flow, to about five Langstroth frames. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — 1 and 2. Gen- erally I do not give her all the room she will occupy — not over 10 Langstroth frames. H. D. Cutting — 1. In working for comb honey I want an 8-frame hive, and give the queen the entire brood- chamber. J. A. Green — 1. As a rule, it is not. 2. Restriction must be according to circum- stances, to explain which would require a long article. Dr. A. B. Mason — 1. Leading comb- honey producers are not agreed on this matter, and a good way for you to do is to experiment a little. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. Theoretically, I should think yes. Practically, I'm afraid no. 2. I doubt if it's best to restrict at any time except in the harvest, then re- strict to 8 frames. E. France — 1. Yes, If you have a con- tinuous honey-flow. But if the honey crop is short — say only basswood — you will got more honey if you stop the egg- laying 10 or 15 days before the bass- wood opens. Mrs. L. Harrison — 1. I should think so. 2. I don't think that with the price honey has brought for several years past, such handling pays. I leave the lower story alone, and then the bees will have plenty of stores for the winter. A. F. Brown — Before the surplus flow opens, give all the room, and more, than she can possibly occupy ; for my locality 189: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 139 (Florida) space equal to a two-story Simplicity 8-frame hive. At the opening of the flow reduce the space to the capacity of 8 frames, and give sections. When the sections are removed, return the comb space that was removed. Mrs. J. N. Heater— 1. During the harvest time there is always a race be- tween the bees and the queen to get pos- session of the cells, and I do not think the queen ever secures more than is ■eeded to keep up the strength of the colony. 2. I do not restrict. J. M. Hambaugh — 1. If your honey harvest lasts all summer, yes. Other- wise, restrictions systematically admin- istered might be advisable. Study your conditions and surroundings, and read " Dadant's Langstroth Revised," or " A B C of Bee-Culture," or both. J. E. Pond — 1 and 2. Experience is the only guide in this matter. Seasons vary — in fact, everything varies in bee- keeping, so that it is impossible to lay down any general rule. Mrs. Tupper said years ago, "Bees do nothing in- variably," and no one ever made a truer statement. G. W. Demaree— 1. No. One set of 8 or 10 Langstroth frames, or their equiv- alent in comb space. Is about right if you want your bees to come out of the harvest in good condition. Too large comb space for the queen will dim nish the honey crop, and too limited a space for the queen will damage the colony. Qei;)eral ItGrr)s* Results of Last Season. Last season I had two tons of extracted honey from 7.5 colonies, and have all sold in the home market at 9 cents per pound, to dealers, they selling at I'J'., toconsumers. Tell our good Florida friend. Mr. A. F. Brown, not to be too hard on us "Tar Heels " on the comb-honey business. We are not so favored as he, with big yields to justify us in working for comb honey. We indorse, though, much of his talk in that initial article. We had the pleasure of a handshake at our bee congress at Atlanta, Ga. A. L. Be.\ch. Mecklenburg Co.. N. C. Feb. 2. A Canadian Report for 1896. I had U colonies in the spring of 1806. increast to 3.5 by natural swarming, altho I had 30 swarms from the 11 colonies: they would come out two or three at one time from one colony and cluster together. From one colony I got 5 swarms and 100 pounds of extracted honey; from another, 6 swarms and 50 pounds of honey. From all, I took 1..5UU pounds of extracted, and 75 of comb honey, and put away 24 colonies in good condition. I winter them outside, packt with chaff. Edward Koll. Ontario. Canada, Feb. 2. Hunting and Trapping — Close Call. I have just returned from my annual hunting trip. There were three of us with a camp outfit and seven good hounds. We left Nov. 11, ISOG, and went up White river about 100 miles, where there was lots of game. Our catch and kill were, as nearly as I have a record: 17 deers and 3 bears. I did all the trapping, and caught 27S rac- coons. 117 opossums, 64 minks. S otters. 7 beavers, and I can't tell how many ducks and wild geese, but a good wagon load, I should judge. I arrived home, and in looking over my Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. ^^^^i^-^^^ionrin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of tbe L,arg:est Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and 'whitest BasS'WOod is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention Hie Ameiioau Bee .Touroal. 7Atf ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS AN ACRE Can oiilv be made trom one so-arce— POULTRY, Wheat aad corn do not pay by comparison. You may smile, bill have vou ever tried keeping poultry- rigii?. The egg basket is a handy source of _ .« «-_ ..«. -._ . g year o-day. revenue these hard limes. THE POULTRY KEEPER, Bcz 44 PaRKESBURC, PA- socts. ay tells how it is done. Sample free. The paper i year and four grand Poultry Books. Ji. Write to-d Our Iew Catalogue Will Be Issued Soon. Send us your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy IT ILLUSTRATES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies FEEE! G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 1)4 cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6X cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Pine BasS"WOOr rniit nml ornamenul trees. U^Pa ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Moorestowu, N. J<|£S 140 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 4, three apiaries of bees, of over 380 colonies, I found them in first-class condition, all wintering well, with only 4 dead, that had been robbed. Last Monday morning, just before day- light, I heard a cracljing outside, and started from my bed to go through the next room, and when only about 5 feet from the center door, down came a big elm tree, 3 feet at the roots, right across my house, only about 7 feet from where ray daughter was asleep. It crusht that part of the house into kindling wood, and broke up everything inside; but the room we were in was not hurt the least bit. The tree where we sawed it off was just 34 inches where it hit the house. Long may the old American Bee Journal live. I would not be without it if I kept only one colony of bees. I think Mr. Peck's excuse for not getting new subscribers is a very weak one. I shall try to get all the new ones I can, and I don't ship any honey. I have a home market at a good, living price, and let any one see my copies of the Bee Journal that wants them. J. H. SiPLE. Bolivar Co., Miss., Feb. 13. A Pretty Young Bee-Keeper. I thought I would write to let you know I am well, and my bees, too. I had a col- ony last spring; it did not swarm, and I got 95 pounds of extracted honey, and my colony was queenless all summer. Father gave them many queens, and they killed them. He gave them queen-cells, and they tore them down, and at last he doubled them up for me, and gave me the colony that he doubled mine with. I will do my best next summer. I am eight years old. I can help father a lot now in the bee-yard and honey-house. F. Banker. Brown Co., Minn., Feb. 18. Cedar Hives All Bight. I should have written before this and ex- plained that cedar hive trouble spoken of earlier iu the season. The fact is, the cedar hive is all right. I used several last season, and experienced no trouble in the least. They are a nice, light, and well- made hive, and we are all well pleased with them. If my neighbor's bees left the hive I will venture that he had them in the sun. At this writing our bees are all right, and I think they will come out strong. I had good luck with the two Italian queens I sent for to an Ohio breeder. I now have some nice Italian bees from them. I can't get along without the American Bee Journal. S. W. Bikgham. Latah Co., Idaho, Feb. .5. Taking Bees from a Tree. I read an article in the Bee Journal on tak- ing bees from a bee-tree. I think the wri- ter was right, but I know of a handier way, if the tree is not off too far to take the piece home. I will tell you how I helpt take a bee-tree. A friend of mine and I found a tree off about twtJ miles over the Rocky Mountains, through the forests and over windfalls. We cut the tree down, and when it fell it broke down a spruce tree about four inches in diameter, went through the tops of trees, broke off limbs, and broke the tree almost in two. We went to the top, but could not hear a sound. We thought that we had workt for nothing. We lookt into a hole iu the tree and saw some white comb. We chopt into the side of the tree and found lots of comb, so we chopt a little further and found some more comb. We chopt in a few more places, and broke the ax helve, and could not make a very large bole. We took out tlie combs and shook off the bees; they clustered up iu a bunch, and we put them into a basket with n table- spoon. We got about half of the bees and went home. • 1 took an 8 frame hive and put the combs in, and then shook the bees down in front doctor, and is quite as cfi'-ct- ive and costs less money. Vou j need always at hand a saie, ( sure remedy like . ?5 wliTcli w\n J>ring instant relief ^ S^ from ftudili-n illness and woik out a jterma- nent cure. ^-ni fA POEJTIVHC'JSE FOR ™| BR3CHTS DISEASE |V^) UR3W.<<.KY TROUBLES WHS rE!>«AL,E COfviPtAiNTS^ GES^EHAL DEBSLiTY N|g fiMH MALARIA. K _ Cures also, all those diseases aiis- ^f* f" I ing from disordered Kidneys or l..iv- jjM ? ef harse ;-ize(H)Ottle or new :;tv!e«^' ) smaller liottie at your neares'; L-.tcire. Vki - Vrryitanuknow the satisfaction of /ff^l /^» such a remedy. ^jg^ Mention the American Bee Jmvmal, JUST ARRIVED! My first carload of Goods from The A. I. Root Co. has arrived, and I am In shape to fill all orders promptly at their catalog prices. Send for my 36 page catalog ; also list of Goods you will need, and I will make you spe- cial prices on early orders. 9D9t FKEMONT, niCH. Mention ttie American Bee Journal, tEarly Italian Queens? Up tin the middle of Aoril at these prices: Untested, 7oc. ; Tested, $1.25. E. li. CARRIISCiTON, 5A17t Be Fiinlak SprlnKa, Fla. W.tf.'-JM":, ijroe Arr^enruxjr, Bee Joiwn^J. Yell, O Yell, O'YEI.I.OWZOrVKS Yello-ssrzones for PAIN and FEVER. THE KUIMELY Simple and Compound Tra^-tiuii ami rurtahle Engines a v liood Engines. Tlie Purtnbli? Enj^inrs art- 8 to 15 h. p. ami till- Traction Kiifiius an- fr.-in 8 to 20h.p. Tlu■s.■.■lI^riIH■spu^^'-■s,s^ll.■ liii;>'(st pos- sible traotioii power, easy rtti'Jimiiiff qualities, simplieity, strenj?tli ana ama diiral>illl.v. l'.<>i!1inct fea- tures of preat vulnr. The Pluiiger, riunger C«n« noctioHK, <;i:tiMl. Valves, Viilve Seats and Strainer are nil iiiadet'rorn best bra^sund are jiraetically indt■^l nu-tllile. Kvory ^tI'okeo^■ the handle works theapl- tator as will he s»'i-n in cut. Long Will supply 1 or 2 lends of 'Hu« i:Wll( I t.i Spray.' THE GOULDS MFC. CO. Ill Ovid St., SENECA FALLS, N.Y. 4C5t Mention the American Bee Journal, THe RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees in California. The Yields and Price of Honey; the Pastur- age and Nectar - Producing Plants; the Bee- Ranches and how they are conducted. In fact the entire field Is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Besides this, the paper also tells you all about California Agriculture and Hortlcullure. $1.50 per Year; Six Months, 75 cents. Sample Copies 10 cents. THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN, 218 N. Main St.. • Los Angeles, Calu'. Mention the American Bee JournaL A-^B-I-^^-^P-I'^^A An honest, eOiclent " Yellowzones " f For fain an'l Ffvfr ^ ralgla. Grip, Bheuma- • "Vflllow^onfis • remedy for all Fevers. '> »eiiowzones ^^ Headaches. Colds. Neu A For laiii ana Fpvpr ^ - ■ — - tlsm. etc. A general service remedy that win please you, or money refunded. " Its a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." •' They knock headaches clear to the horizon." '•Too much cannot be said in praise of them."' "I was sufferinK from Neuralgia, and found quick relief." " I got more relief from Rheumatism in 12 hour after takinp: Yellowzones than from all else, the was a skeptic."' 1^- See A. B. J., pages 809. 812, Dec. 17. 1 Box, 25c.; 6 Boxes, $1 ; most orders are $1. W. B. House, ^'T'' Detour, Mieli. Mention the American Bee JoumaL 5D3t Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Read what J. I. Parent, of Charlton. N.Y.,8ay8— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Macbioes, last winter 50 chaff hivea with 7-ln. cap, ino honey-rackB, 5*>o broad frames, 2.im)0 honey-boxes and a ^reat deal of other work. Thi8 winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc.. to make and we expect to do It with this Saw. It will do all you say it will. Catalogue and Price -I^iBt F. &JOHN BARNES, Address, V/ So.99hRxxt>7BU Rockford, 111. Mention the A.Tnerlcan Bee Jourv^Vn BORDEAUX NOZZLE used on "World's Best" Spraying Outfits made (\ onlyby THEDEMING CO.. Salem, Ohio. 1' Makers of PUMPS FOR ALL PURPOSES. Ask yiiir dialer for Iteinintr S|inivers- nrVToN ,v llI'ItiMXL. (;enemlU\-tern Acent: f.l t.'f.'jx,,. .r,.iTcrson St., Chum:'*, I r.l.. Valuable illustrated -10 paffe book on Spraylnir. free, ^^^ Spraying Outllts are used and recnivmended hy leadinjf horticulturists and experiment stations. 5C5t Mention the American Bee ToumaL 142 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. A, ONE MAN WITH THE UNION '^^^x:^^^''^ Can do the work of four men using hand tools, In Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llnoot Foot and Hand Power Machinery, itold on Tri»l. UaUlo^ae Free. SE^K^'A FAL.1.S MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Mentiu.. the ^menv^n Bee Journal. DuQiiEsi j ColiegYi Penn Ave. and Eighth St. IFHTT^B.^M©. I'M. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary, Sborthahd and Tynewrlting. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. liEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pres. A MONEY MAKER — thethriftjindutitrioushen.AlI ahout lier aiiii liow to make money from [joullry in NewPoultryGuideforl897. 100 piiRea; printed in colors; best plans fnr ,^__, r'oultrv houses: Bure remedies and recipes tF'T ■ %^f"r diseases. Sent for 15c. if you write now \u.lrX:^^i:^ JOHN BAUSCHEE, Jr., Box 94, Freeport, III 49A13t ^^^nii^yix tht Amcric © L'jg «M!£Jt Sff M iM hit WANTED Live Deer, Elk, Moose, Buffalo and Bears The Page fence has revolutionized the whole Park system. We have conlracts for so many new parks and game preserves that we shall hardly be able to supply all the animals to stock them. Anyone having one or more of above species for sale, please address PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. 'tlerd^rm the AmerU^an Bcp. Jouma. SAUMENIG! Maiie on the best lines, of the J l>(_^-t material known to the art. ' HEATS WITH HOT WATER < Entirely automatic; will liatch { every eg« that can be hatched, t Simple, durable. elYective.Sond a ■ ii|)itfor illiisli'utedculHlu^ No. &Bt THE INVINCIBLE HATCHER SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, CO., tifi'Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yellovr BeeS'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casli, promptly, for your Beeswax, send It on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 llichigan st., CHICAQO, ILL. scribed for a certain monthly bee-paper in January. ISW, and in the tall I had 544 pounds of fancy honey to sell, so I wrote to the publisher to give, or send me the names of good, reliable firms in Chicago, to whom I could semi my honey, but I did not get an answer; but the next copy of the paper that came contained a big advertisement of a certain honey-commission house, so I sbipt to them, and "the consequences" I had to take, for I did not get one cent for my honey. One of my neighbors lost 600 pounds by the same concern. Louis Thiel. Back in the Banks Again. I commenced taking the American Bee Journal, when I was a small boy, in the 70's. and took it until I moved to western Dakota, where my bees dried up. and crops, too, when I was unable to pay for it, and in 189'3 or 1893 I had to discontinue; but I am about to locate here in southeastern Dakota, where everything does well— bees excellently, and sweet clover has the waste ground. I can't get along anv longer with- out the "Old Reliable." Thos. Chantrt. Clay Co., S. Dak., Feb. 23. Prospects Never Better. I got 1.5 pounds of honey from one colony in 189C. and from the rest nothing. I have .5 colonies on the summer stands, and they seem to be wintering all right. I have been laid up for two weeks with the grippe ; to- day is the first 1 have been outdoors. The prospects never were better, white and sweet clover look fine. Success to the " Old Reliable." W. M. Daniels. Wood Co., Ohio, Feb. IS. The name of the gi I'atest oat is ILLiiyiOiS yields over lOU bushels per acre, extiemely e;aly, finest quality, loD^est and strongest straw, OATS Send your name and address on r postal card and I will sem] you a sample, to- gether with beautiful and instructive ___ eei'd and plant bunk Free, if you J^/jM ^ write to-day and mention this paper. Ay^ ^ write to-day ; .H.W.BIICKBEE, FiurKFoitn Seed Farms, KiK kford, lU. P.O. liox r>;?7 Bf er'i*V3'»i 4»ve /»rw.e^jcapi. Bm /ci'ir^va* Catalogps for lS«y — We have re- ceived the following Catalogs, Price-Lists, etc., a copy of which may be obtained up- on application, always being careful to say you saw their advertisement in the Ameri- can Bee Journal: J. Van Deusen & Son, Sprout Brook, N. Y. — Flat-Bottom Comb Foundation. R. H. Schmidt & Co., Sheboygan, Wis.— Bee Keepers' Supplies. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place, New York, N. Y.— Apiarian Supplies, Bees and Queens. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio— Bee- Keepers' Supplies. J. D. Givens, Lisbon, Tex.— Queens. John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.— Bee- Keepers' Supplies, Bees and Queens. Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.— Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Gus Dittmer, Augusta, Wis.— Bee-Keep- ers' Supplies. ^ ^ ^ California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, l'2.00 per annum. Bample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Shlp- ping-t'ases. Comb Foundation, and Every tiling used in the Bee-Indu8tiy. I waut the name and address ' of every Bee- Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. 'W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Meniijcm, Vie f.ina-icc-n Bee JJX»M> JVIllil/c! HONEY-EXTRACTOR iUlllll Is Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Seed tor our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to — Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. SEE THAT WINK ! llee - Sup|>lie8 ! HOOT'S Goods at Root's Prices. Pouder'8 Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rMte. Cat. tree. 'Walter S Pouder, V; KhA.ifif-wc r 1(3'2 Mass. Ave., Ui'-^OVDttlS/ip' Indianapolis, Indiana. 'VME-* ANSWERi'^G ^MIB ADvEHTlSEMEFtT MENTION ~W.S JOURNRt f^- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. 30 years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- Ical treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chic.iKo. HATCH Chickens g,Y.?7J.fti!g7 EXCELSIOR Incubator Simptp. Ptr/ect, Set/- RegiUat- iutj. ThouHaiids in successful ojitTation. Lowest priced flrst-t'litoB Hatcher miide. OK«. 11. NTAIIL. 114tol88S.6thWt.Oulnfy.ni. 44 A2bt JUentioJi tlie American Bee Jourjiui llee-Keepersi' I»lio»ograpli.— We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 131 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 131 kind first ; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. 80 those who order first will get the most " faces " for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal office. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 143 HONEY and BEESWAX MARKK'r ^. V. O. ALLLLER, JUARENGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! What to Do Willi UnliniKlit §eelioii$— Fine Wire ill Section Foiindalion. 1. I want to know what's best to do with unfinisht sec- tions. All bee books and manuals, while giving long- drawn instructions concerning matters of lesser importance to the tyro, are studiously reticent on this point. Hooker, in his '• Cuide," does go so far as to say that when the honey-flow has ceast, the sections, though unfilled, must be taken off, or the bees will carry the honey down into the hive. It is also stated somewhere that they will carry iip honey to complete them. But not a word of instruction does ho give as to what is to be done with these unfinisht sections, nor does any other author whose work I possess. In turning over files of the American Bee Journal one finds here and there the advice tendered to extract partially finisht sections, but no reason is assigned for this wasteful treatment, and nowhere can I see it recommended that, should another white or amber-colored How be near at hand, they should be left ititact and replaced (Mi the hives at the opening of this second flow for completion. Is there any objection to doing this, that we are never so ad- vised ? If so, will you kindly tell us what it is? And should the partially capt ones be uncapt and the edges broken down a bit when so replaced ? I have been wading through E. T. Abbott's series of arti- cles on the production of comb honey, in the hope of finding in them the information I seek, but no; all he says (see page 2oO, 1805), is : "One should manage to have as few empty sections as possible" — (he might with equal wisdom have said that one should manage to regulate the honey-How, or regu- Ute the climatic conditions during the period of certain nec- tar-secreting flowers blossoming) ; " and," he continues, "un- less those are in very fine condition, it will pay to throw them away and put in fresh ones.'' Is it possible that such leading lights of our industry should thus callously recommend us to cut out say J.i-pound chunks of delicious comb honey from unfinisht sections, and " throw them away?" He might have added, as a warning, not to throw them about the apiary, as it may set up robbing, but throw them preferably into the pig- sty, to the chickens, or to the dogs, for thus they will be got- ten rid of and not prove a source of danger. On page 38() of Vol. XXXII this matter of uncompleted sections is made, I see, a "Question-Box" query. But the replies do not suit the conditions I have supposed to exist, as they assume that absence of a honey-How whereby they might be completed for another/uH ye(tr\ whereas, what I am desirous of knowing is, whether, if the interval betwixt the flows is only say six weeks, these half-Hnisht sections cannot be returned to the hives. There may be a slight difference in flavor, and even in tint of the two honey's ; but what of that? better that than to follow Mr. Abbott's advice, and " throw them away ". 2, What do you think of the new German foundation mill, made partly of cement, and costing only 8'2 cents? It is men- tioned in the Australian Bee-Bulletin for Dec. 28. o. What would you think of the plan of having very fine wire in sections to hold the foundation in place ? Instructions could bo printed on the outside, directing consumers how to draw out the wires so as to leave the comb unharmed. South Africa. Answers. — 1. Very much has been written on the sub- ject of the best thing to do with unfinisht sections, and the question has been answered more than once in these columns, but just as you put the matter it is practically a new question, one that I don't remember to have seen askt before. Your question is as to what shall be done with sections not com- pleted in case there shall be a further honey-flow the same sea- son. I think I should know pretty well what to do with them — at least I know what I have done with them — but I feel a. little shaky as to giving a satisfactory answer to meet all cases. But I'll try. I have known times when the white honey-flow stopt all of a sudden, and then started up again a a few days later. In that case, if the sections had been left in the supers, the supers were put right back on the hives again without any change whatever, and all seemed to be well. But suppose the white honey season is over for good, and somewhere from one to six weeks later another flow of darker honey comes. All sections were taken off at the time the white honey stopt, and they were in all stages between foundation untoucht and sections fully completed. In this case the ele- ment of granulation does not come, simply the matter of darker. Of course, there's no question as to what to do with completed sections, they stay off, and equally of course the un- toucht foundation goes back on just as though it had never been on. Some of the sections are very nearly completed, all the cells filled and a very few unsealed. Very likely they may as well stay off, for the gain in putting them back will hardly pay for the trouble. Next come the sections which have 25 to 50 cells not entirely built out. If you put them back on, the cells will be completed and fliled out with the dark honey. The question is: Which is better, the section with unfinisht cells, or the one entirely completed but having a few cells of dark honey ? You must find the answer to that question yourself. In some cases the honey will be only a little darker, and it will be better to have the sections finisht. Your customers may not object to dark honey, and may object seriously to having unfinisht or uncapt cells, and vice versa. You must be governed by the circumstances. Suppose the second harvest is ol^ very dark honey, and you decide that it will not do to return such sections as we have been talking about, that are well on toward completion. They will be left off, untoucht foundai m will bo returned, and there will be a dividing line somewhere between. Just where that dividing line shall be drawn depends upon the circumstances I have mentioned, the character of the honey and the character of your market. But somewhere there will be a line, and it will fall pretty well up toward sections of full weight. Almost surely, (unless the dark honey is too bad for table use) it will fall among the sections that are more than half weight. For a section only half tilled is not so generally desired as one completed but of darker color. All this is on the supposition that it is deemed best to have all surplus honey in sections. In many cases that will not be deemed best. It will be considered better to get all the light honey in sections, letting the dark honey be extracted or saved in combs for the bees to tise in the fall or following spring. In returning the sections there Is no neel to uncap or 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 151 break down the edges ; indeed, there is no need to do anything nnless it so happens that at some point the surface of the comb fails less than ,'4 inch from the nearest surface, in which case it must be cut away or the bees will build the comb to the ad- jacent surface. 2. I don't know enough about the mill in question to give an opinion. 3. With some people it might work all right, but I'm afraid that in a good many cases the wire would be left in the honey when placed on the table, an1I>IEDIATE POSSESSION OF the entire set of 8 vclumes. Balance payable $1.50 mcntlily for one year. MAGNIFICENTLY ILLUSTRATED THROUGHOUT For a Limited Time Only- Just to Introduce ttie work You thus at once secure this splendid set of books for continued use and enjoyment. It is the One Great, Practical Reference LilM-ary for the Professional and Business Man, the Teacher, tlie Student, the Farmer, Artisan, and Mechanic. 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Address HOW TO SECURE ONE OF THESE SPLENDID SETS a 6 a a a a a ■6 "I e e e 9 p 9 p e "I 9 p 9 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA PUBLISHING CO, 156 ^'IX"voTkTv. I a 6 a 6 a a 6 a 6 a a 6 a 6 a 189: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 155 Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Ne^w London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the mauufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and '\ivhitest BasS'WOOd is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Kasswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the Ameiicau Bee.Tournal. 7Atf FEED YOUR BEESI WITH EASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. ♦ 100, 2 too feet SIO, loo Baswood. Seedlings, « I. DtUvered free. Other J l-izL's ju.-t ns ehc.iT'. 50 * l.OO Uargains li.v mail. 51illion«i to select from. Also • M'>uit Trees. Small Fruits. Vines, ete. Liberul <-iisIi (■..'inmi?sions for* clubs. lUustrrttod eiitiiloKiie free. Guod loeat s^iU'.-iiun wanted. Address 4 3. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL.| 4E6t Mention the A mcrican Bee JournaL Our Iew Catalogue ^^^ Send us your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy ll lIB IJ'Ij^ f IT ILLUSTRATES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7}i cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, (iX cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price ; also in 270-lb. barrels. E^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for S cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. Now it seems to us here is a splendid chance for any bee-keeper to supply his home demand after his own crop is all sold. Or, why not begin now to create a local honey-trade ? Order one f50-pound can first, and start out among your neigh- bors and friends, and see what you can do. You ought to get at least 12 cents per pound in 5-pound lots, or 40 cents for 3 pounds. Some maybe able to do even better than that, though we think that enough ought to be sold at these prices to make a fairly paying business out of it. Give it a good trial. Push it. It may grow into a nice winter's work for you. (lEORGE W. YOKK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Qerjeral licn)s^ Wild Parsnips. From a bed of parsnips planted in Iowa, I used volunteers or Felf-sown parsnips for more than '2il years, or until 1 removed to Kansas, in lss7. and they were as good and wholesome as any. Ja.mes H. Wis«. Hamilton Co.. Kans. Bees Doing' Well. My bees are doing well, carrying in pol- len and some honey. All my colonies are very strong, and have lots of stores. But give me Italian bees and the American Bee Journal, and I am at home. Howard Risuer. Ouachita Co.. La., March 1. Good Prospects for Next Season. Bees did a very poor business here last season — very little surplus honey — but I think they are wintering very well this winter so far. I think the prospect is pretty good for the coming season. Success to the Bee Journal. S.vmlel Plory. Keokuk Co.. Iowa, March 1. Wintering Well. My 4.5 colonies are wintering well on the summer stands. Not one colony is dead yet. Bees had a flight nearly every week this winter. We did not have 0 inches of snow at one time all winter. The weather Is warm now, and the ground bare. P.iri. WUITEBREAD. Luzerne Co., Pa., Feb. 20. Everything' is Lovely. We have just had about 5 inches of rain in as many days, making a total of about 1.5 inches this winter, and now everything is lovely. We expect a good crop of honey, and good prices through the Exchange. I must say that I think more of the '■ Old Reliable ■■ every time I read it. I consider it one of my best friends. I wish its editor the greatest of success. B. S. Taylor. Riverside Co . Cal., Feb. 23. A Very Discouraging Report. I lost 60 colonies of bees the last three years, I got some surplus the last season, the first in three years, but that was only a trifle. Hog cholera killed all my hogs — SO odd head; then a cyclone last spring de- molisht one of our farms, took all the fences, etc.. and entirely destroyed the house and out buildings. It took every- thing I could raise to build and repair. I can't keep bees without the American Bee Journal. L. WniTE. Caldwell Co.. Mo., Feb. 2G. The Proposed Spelling Reform. EniToR Yi>rk: — Is the extensive editorial space in this week's (Feb. 4th) American Bee Journal, devoted to the discussion of the recent attempt to change the orthog- raphy of the English language, a challenge for a discussion of the subject in that j jor- nal '. It appears to me that you need not be greatly surprised if you. in the near future, receive many applications for space to air the peculiar and varied views of many of your correspondents. While 1 would like to enter upon a dis- cussion of the subject. I hold that a discus- sion of such topics is foreign to the best in- terests of the Bee Journal, especially at this time, as the minds of many of our best writers would be diverted from the main issue, and much valuable space would be filled with matter that would not help the bee-keeper in his pursuit. Altbo I do not desire the change, why 156 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 11. shoulil I antagonize you in your efforts to do what you tbiuk to be right '. Is not the present high state o£ civilization due to de- partures '. All of man's beginnings are small. All departures do not succeed. All attempts do not revolutionize. I will let you step aside in the new way, while I will follow the old track a little further. I may turn aside, or you may return. At any rate, our journeys will end at the same place. If you succeed, m: will have gained ; if you fail, you will not have lost the re- spect and admiration of your friends. C. C. Paksons. [Mr. Parsons, we think you are exactly correct in not thinking it right to occupy space in the Bee Journal with a discussion of the proposed attempt in the line of a spelling reform. It would be out of place in a bee-paper. But we feel that, in justice, what we have said so far in regard to it was really necessary, so that all might un- derstand our position. — Editor.] Bees Doing Fairly Well. The Feb. 11 issue of the Bee Journal must have been miscarried by mail, as it did not come to hand, and something seemed to be wrong all last week, it not coming. It seems we can't do without it. We have two colonies of Italian bees, which are win- tering on the summer stands. It is our first experience with bees. They seem to do fairly well. They had a good flight a few days ago. I will increase my number of colonies next summer. GUSTAVUS KOLLS. Hall Co., Nebr., Feb. 20. Bees Breeding — Many Frauds. Bees have wintered well so far. They are breeding now. I have 24 colonies on the summer stands. Bees went into winter quarters rather light last fall. I got only about one-half as much surplus honey last season as the year before, but I hope tor a good yield the coming season. Give the swindlers and adulterators fits ! I hope it will not be long till we can have laws in every State that will place every one of that class behind the iron bars. But the " honey frauds " are not the only ones. There is a class of dealers in the " raw fur " business who send out ■flaming circulars," giving big price-lists, and when they get a shipment of furs from a ' • greeny. ' ' they bite bim beautifully. T. C. Kelly. Butler Co., Pa., March 1. A Few Honey-Recipes. I send you a sample of grape jelly made with honey. This is the way it is made; GuAi'E Jelly Made with Honey.— I stew the grapes until soft; mash and strain them through cheese-cloth, and to each quart of juice add one quart of honey, and boil it until it is thick enough to suit. I keep try- ing by dipping out a spoonful and cooliug it. If you get it too thick it will candy. Any other fruit-juice treat just the same. GiXGER Snaps.— One pint of honey, one teaspoonful of ginger, and one teaspoonful of soda, dissolved in a little water, and two eggs. Mix all, then work in all the Hour possible, roll very thin, and bake in a mod- erately hot oven. Any flavoring extracts can be added, as you may wish. Jumbles or Cookies can be made the same way, without any sugar or syrup, but add some shortening. In using honey for any kind of cakes, the dough must be as Ktiir with Hour as possible, to keep them from running out of the stove. reaches out to sufferiinj Imiiijinity in il vl'ii the form of .t. safe, sure ami efi'ec- -^ i''''^\ tive remed.v for the ills to which f ^ rj flesh is heir. That Is why restored \,-%I millions pay willing homage to ii^^M^p All experiment was passed long ago. It is known to be a positive ciU'e for BRIGHTS DISEASE, URINARY DISEASES, FEMALE COMPLAINTS, GENERAL DEBILITY, AND MALARIA, and all diseases arising from disor- dered Kidneys and J.^iTer. Easy to take, leaves no unpleasant taste, pro- duces no ill effects. Large sized bottles or new style smaller one at your nearest Btore. Mention the crlcnn Bcc Joui^iwL Memorial Cards ! (Willi Portrait ou tlieiii) For presentntion upon the death of a dear one, to relatives aud friends, have come into vogue quite geuerally of late .years amongr the American people. We furnish Ihem to order. Send for free Illustrated circular and price list. Prompt, and satisfactory work at living prices. Address, O. S. UTTER & CO,, Times Bulldlnj.'. - Chuago, Ills. For Sale, Cligice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at *5. 00 ; Nuclei, * I per Frame. —Queens In Tlieir Season. - Also a Full Stock of the B. Taylor llaiidy Send lor Catalog, to— F. A. CBOWELL, Granger, Minn. 10E4t Please mention the Bee Journal , BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. To Si'icE AiM'LEs, Peaks oh Peaches.— One quart of best vinegar, one quart of honey, one-half ounce each of cloves and stick cinnamon. Koil all together !"> niin- WANTED -ATTENTION ! 4,^EE HERE, Fiiond Bcc-Keeper, the hest O goods are none too good, and the lo-vest prices are none too low lor the present times, so dowu go the prices for 1897 on Full lilne of Bee-Keepers' Suppllrs. 1 defy coinpctilion In iiuallly and workman- ship. Working Wax Into Foundation when sent to me. a specialty. Write, without fall, lor Catalog. My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at 2(>r cash, or 2nc In trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6A8t Mention the American Dee JuumaL ^lo.n1'>-/^«<^1rc -V C'lioicc Lot of thor- t>0CK6r6iS ougllhrcd B. V. Kocks, 9. C. Black Mluorcas. S.C. Brown Iieghorns,*1.^5 each. Eggs Ironi same lireeds In season $1.2.5 lor 1."). Also Pl-AN'l'S-Strawherry, Bed and Black Cap Uaspbprrv. Mrs. Li. <'. AX TElli, 7Atf UosEviLLK, Wairen Co.. III. utes. then put in the fruit, aud cook tender. Put in a stone jar with enough of the syrup to cover the fruit. It will keep as long as wanted. For Sugar CruiNG 100 Pounds of Meat. — Eight pounds of salt, one quart of honey. 2 ounces of saltpeter, and 3 gallons of water. Mix. and boil until dissolved, then pour it hot on the meat. I could send you more of such recipes if you want them. W. A. Moore. Salt Lake Co.. Utah. [Yes, we are always glad to publish tested recipes in which honey is used. We can't have too many of them. It might be well for the women-folks to cut them out as fast as publisht, aud paste together in a scrap-book. You might find them very valuable, some day. The sample of grape jelly made with honey is all right. Thauk you for sending it.— Editor.] Prospects for a I/arge Honey Crop. We have some :ilO colonies to commence the season with. The prospects seem favor- able for a very large crop, and we have had abundant rains lately, and the honey- plants are putting forth a rank growth. I would be pleased to learn the address of a dealer in Cyprian. Holy Land and Syrian bees and queens. H. T. Chrismax. Fresno Co., Calif., Feb. 1. [Here is an invitation to some reliable queen-breeder who has them, to offer them for sale in these columns — the kind of bees and queens askt for.— Editor.] Yellow Locust, Etc. Bees did only fairly well here last season. They stored some surplus during the first of the season, when after that we had so much rain that it washt the nectar from the flowers, and then we had a dry spell when the bees ate most of what they had, but later on in the fall we had an excellent flow of nectar from wild asters and golden- rod, which enabled the bees to gather enough for winter stores, so I did not have to feed much. I would like to ask a question: Is the common or yellow locust a good honey- producing tree ? I have a great deal of it around me, and when in bloom I hear a noise as if bees were swarming on the trees, but a neighbor bee-keeper tells me that bees do not gather anything from the locust. How is it ? ' P. I. Hlffsiax. Rockbridge Co., Va., Feb. 15. [Will some one who knows, kindly report as to the value of yellow locust as a honey- yielder ?— Editor.] Wintering Well— Clover Looks Well. So far my bees are wintering all right. There are some bees that wintered on the summer stands in this vicinity, and they seem to be all right. I winter them in the cellar that I made two years ago out of rock, with a temperature of 40 to 4i de- grees. We bad some cold weather here this winter; the coldest was :il degrees below zero, but we are having fine weather now, and everything indicates spring, but we may have some cold weather yet. I never saw clover look as well as it does now. The prospects are good for a good crop of honey from clover. Alsike is bet- ter on low laud than red clover, and it makes fine bee-pasture. It will do pretty well in a pasture. It is a true perennial. I have had it growing ou my land for five years, and it is better now than it was the second year. There are about 100 acres within two miles of my apiary, which num- bers 00 colonies, mostly hybrids. 1 prefer Italians, because they keep out moths bet- ter than the blacks. My scale colony's gain 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 157 KEYSTONE : WOVEN WIRE FENCE. • IS .vtiOOl) irXCE— niadefrnnitlRhest • »*t«M'l wirooT exactly the i'r<>i'«-i-xv€Mi;Ut; • a.liM'i^ii^'ii' to any ik-trree oflioat orcold, • expan«linffan-u-butractme. Intake up all • slack. 25 tDf.s ill. liifh. Kct'ps all kin cUiftitock • ill ui-out. S( iulInrljcel>n<.kon ft-m-p build in*?. • KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., • No. 3 i;u li SMi. t, rculMU. Ill, • ^ MONEY Saved is Money Gained. ^ THE ROYAL MM Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. AgeulH Wanted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat'l Bank Bld'g, 20Att CHlCAfiO, ll-l.. RIG MONEY IN POULTRY jlPet Stock and lucubutors if conducted /.iccordiuti to "The Chautauqua i Guide to Big Profits" ju^t out uud I sent postpaid with our lsti7 Calsiloeue forJc to help pay postaue.etc. Pest ei;H9 and stock cost no more if purchased of u-i, you can then sell ^o^l^ product to nd th"'isands others for hiL'h fanc> prices, iiwu 3t>*l acres most eleiraiitly jidapted to ■=poi.ltry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY &. PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y TAi;j Jdentiori the American Bee JuumcU, Our '97 Cataloff — OF — Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It Is lull of Information. fW Write for It. I. J. STRINGHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Apuky— Glen Cove, L. I. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordins-ly. Send for Catalog and Price-Li^t. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Box 187, Shebdyoas. Wig. Mention tlie Amcrlctm liee lonniai. ySi! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Y'ello'w BeeS'wax delivered to our oflice till further notice, we will pay A-i cents per pound, CASH; or 28 cents for whatever part Is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you w'ant casli, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at auj- price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. was 215 pounds ; the highest gain in one day was 11 pounds. Iproduce mostly extracted honey, which I sell at 80 cents a gallon. I sell my comli honey at 10 cents a pound. 1 always put ray bees out ou the summer stands just after the first of March. Hurrah for sweet clover! Sow it on the roadside; it is better than ragweeds. Henry Co., 111., I-'eb. 18. J. F. Wihth. Ants and Bees— A Fine Place. A colony of large red ants attackt a col- ony of my bees one night in January, and killed the whole of them. About as many, in quantity, of the ants were killed as of bees. I took HO pounds of comb honey from the vacated hive. Tiiis same colony was troubled with moth-worms last fall, and to experiment 1 put a naptha moth-ball in it on the floor. While taking the honey from this hive I watcht carefully, and not a trace of the worm could I fine. My bees have wintered without the slightest protection ; and tor the past three weeks they have been as "busy as bees," gathering and bringing in pollen (and I suppose honey, too) from the wild currant blossoms. Many other shrubs and trees will soon be in bloom, also the wild flowers — the latter having begun already. This particular location is certainly a fine one for bees. Just think of it — you of the North — only about 6 or 7 days of the winter that the bees have not flown 1 Mhs. M. M. Dunnegan. San Patrice Co., Tex., Feb. 36. Some Alsike Clover Questions. 1. Is the hay of Alsike clover as good after it matures seed as it is before seeding? 2. Is it killed in the crook, or just after it sprouts, as easily as red clover, should a freeze or drouth strike It ? 3. If it is never cut for hay will it re-seed itself ? 4. Does it afford bee-pasture the first year ? W. A. J. S. Sumner Co., Teun. [On account of his extensive experience with Alsike clover, we askt Mr. Frank Coverdale, of Iowa, to reply to the above questions, which he did, as follows; — Ed.] 1. Alsike clover holds its greenness until the seed is ripe enough to cut, and I think it makes the best hay at that time. 2. I never had any field of Alsike either dry out or freeze out. I have one field now 4 years old. and in fine shape. Some years ago I saw a flue field of it cut for seed, and it all died at once. I never knew such a thing to happen before, or since. 3. If it is allowed to ripen so that some seed shatters off, it always re-seeds very thickly. 4. If sown by itself, or with winter wheat or barley, and the season is a wet one, then bees work freely upon it in August and September, but it doesn't yield honey like it does in June the following season. Frank Coverdale. An Experience with Bees. I started in bee-keeping two years ago. With the assistance of the ''old reliable" Bee Journal, and with careful managemeut, my efforts have been successful so far. In the spring of l^'.i.Jlpurchast 4 colonies, increast to 21 that season, and harvested 400 pounds of comb honey. I then built what I call a model bee-cellar, which will comfortably hold M colonies, in which I wintered my bees without the loss of a single colony. Having 21 to start with last spring, I increast by natural swarming to 50 colonies, and harvested SCO pounds of comb honey, which 1 sold in my local mar- kets at from 12-.; to 15 cents. 1 use the Sframe dovetail hive with the Hoffman frames. My bees are wintering nicely. My self- regulating bee-cellar has kept the tempera- l& LANDS I'or 8iil4' Jit Low Prices siikI The Illinois Central Railroad Company otfers for sale on easy terms and at low prices. 150- 000 acres of choice fruit, gardening, farm and grazing lands located in SOUTHERN iimm. They are also largely interested In, and call especial attention to the 600,000 acres of land in the famous YAZOO VALLEY OF MISSISSIPPI lying along and owned by the Yazoo & Miss- issippi Valley Railroad Company, and which that company oflers at low prices and on long terms. Special Inducements and facilities offered to go and examine these lauds, both in Southern Illinois and in the " Yaz )0 Val- ley," Miss. For further description, map, and any information, address or call upon E. P. SKENE, Land Commissioner, No. 1 Park Row. Chicago, 111. 8K6t U&'rtiion. w* ir/iji^ican Bee JoumcU, INCUBATiONT ^ i- the first step in the pouliry J . business and much of future mi c- T cess depends upon itscompleif- T 'ness There is no failure where ^ ' RELIABLE INCUBATOR ^ is used. It IS fully warranted an I i the product of twelve year? of T ^experience. It has never been beaten in a i , Show, It is not like its competitors— it is better , We tell why in new book on i>onltry. Sand lllc for it iREUABLEJWCyBATQR AND BROODER CD. QUINCY- lU^ it 36E17t Please mention the Bee Journal. 40E1 ♦ For a knife that will cut a horn without 0 crushing, because it cuts from four ^ sides at once gftt ■ ■ - ■ .. ^ THE keystone! <— DEHORNER-i-l It is humane, rapid and duraf)Ie, Fully ™ unrrauted. HIGHEST award AT WoRLT> s 9 I Faih. ]>e>criptive circuhu-s IFItEIE. ^ A. V 1U:«>SII S, Co(lir;inviUe. P;i. ^ ♦©♦©♦©♦O ▼w^V^w^w ~ ♦©♦© ^ Mention the Amejican Bee JonniW.. MGNEYIN POULTRY lltir I'iMlltrt U i^niili.-.! Ill ir^jK,!-.,.^,-, . 111^' cuts, descriptions anil prices of 4,'i of ilic-leading varielicsof Fancy Fowls, with anportantlnnts on the careof poultry, and hundreds of rpcipesof great v^iliu". Over liHMl premiums won .il Ifadinj: shows. I'rieex K«>diifpd One-Fourth. Finest IhxiIc on! Price only lOc. Wdl reiurn money if n-il salisfiiclnrv. A'Mre-«. C- 3V. ^ O "W 13 H. S - Bo\ j;i, D.lKOTA. II-I... I. S. \. AIentio7i the American Bee Journa',, 4E7t iWOVEN WM.FENCE! Best on Karlh. Iloix-liiuh. Iliiir- slron^.n^undi'hirkcn-liLrhl. With I our UIFLKX ArrOlH-ilH' ainchine « vmi can make 60 r>"i>,a dav f"i J 12 to 20 cts. a Rod.! O.cr 50 ,l>lc'». <:iI:.l,.i,-ilo Klvi-. T KITSELMAN BROS., ♦ B..J lis. Ridgeville, Intl. T 4»fc;ii iuciu ujii Uu, ^ iiiricatL lic^^uunui'. CnP QAI F •*' BeevUle, Tex.-300 i olo- run OnLL iilcs of Qrst-class Italian 1! -c-i. JOOO cash, to close out. Address, J 10A4 S. A. LEEDS, Avery iKlaiid, L.i. Ksfi*i3Ti the Amerboar^ B46 /«wwG.i 158 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Mar. 11, FRESH AND SUKE TO GKOW MONEY IN nUCUMBERS Write to-day, mention this paper, and send 4 cents to pny pnsfape and I will send vou a lil.i-ial packaKO of Buokbee'9 Monarch Cucumber-a world beater, tocether with niT new Buyer's Seed Uui.le. the most ,attriloUve and iiistniotive soeil anil plant book published. H W.BUCKBEE.ROCKFORD SEED FARMS, P. O. Box 537BOCKFOBD, ILL. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^""1-,'^-'°'- Can do the work ot four mea using band tools, In Kipping, Cuttlng-o£f, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Calalosae Free, SE>KrA FALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Mcnluj.. the Amerirnn Bee Journal DipESi j CollegFi Pens Ate. and Eighth St. WlT'T^MJilMISt F'M. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- (I'HS Literary, Sborthahd and Typewriilng. rniclent and experienced Instructors. Doy and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pres. BIfi MONEY IN POULTRY OUR LARGE GUIDE tor SIT just out. SonielhinK entirely new. HXt pages. Printed in tiiiest t-olored work. (Juntains everything [jeitainint: to poul- try in full. PRICES REDUCED on ist Prize Winners and Ki^ys. Postpaid ln\ receipt ot l.*) cents, if you write now. 'JOHN BAOSSHEE, Jr., Bos 04 Freepoit.Ill. 1 0 A 1 3 1 Mf.ntion the American Bee Jownal RAAT S(Get discounts on early orders ^IMlrkC \ for 1897. A. I. Hoot Co.'s Bee- OW US. I Supplies always on hand. Bet- ter prepared than ever to fill oroers promptly. ati-page ( 'ill alog free. JOHN NEBEIi & SON, High Hill. Mo. Mention the American Bee Journal. 4Atf Oj ^^^ r—. 1 — 1 r—i r^ r~" FF p n A .f .A ■1 i ::^ :==: :=:: — -— a :i im 3-S»> ^ fei E s fe3 £ R^SIS fe ^^^m M FARMING DON'T PAY. So says Jones, and lie resolves to become a "manu- facturer." He buys a fence machine, a "county right." etc., and starts in to compete with steam and capital. His neighbor Smith invests same amount in "feeders," thus realizing a good price for his crops, enriching his farm, and enabling him to "lift the mort- gage" and fence with Page, while Jones "goes to the wall." PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Meiduyn the American Bee Jouma' The 'Daiizenbaker^ Hive Has valuable fpaturcs possest by no other, and is suroly winning Its way ; was awarded a Special Diploma, and 1 St Premium for COMB HONEY, at Mich. State Fair, 1896. Address, Francis Danzenbakcr, Medina, Ohio. <:arc Tlio A.I. lioot Coinpaii}'. WHEN AnbwERINQTMIS AOVERTIBEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUHNAC ture at 42 degrees all winter, scarcely vary- ing a degree, notwithstanding the many severe changes ot weather that we have had here this winter. Our main drawbacks here in bee-keeping are the short seasons for gathering honey, and the long winter confinement. Our main honey crop is gathered from bass- wood and white clover, ot which we have an abundance, but on account of wet weather last season the crop was light. We have not seen the ground here since Thanksgiving Day. The snow has been accumulating all winter, until it is three feet deep at present. No wonder we are longing to hear the hum of the honey-bee. C. S. Fkench. Todd Co., Minn., Feb. 20. Doolittle's Figuring Corrected. On page SI, Mr. Doolittle does some figur- ing. I saw that the figuring was not wholly correct, and would on that score send the correct arithmetic. When, however, Mr. Doolittle, a few lines further on, challenges us (his readers) to "show wherein" — well, I never forego a dare. Mr. Doolittle will not mind, because the correct figuring will only strengthen the point he was making. He says: '■ But the honey is to be ot the same grade, so I have only a quarter more in pounds tor the same value in labor, to figure on. Hence, tis a quarter ot 23 cents is .'>'.. eeuts, which, taken from the 22 cents, would leave Iti'.. cents, we have this as the figure at which we can sell extracted honey of the same grade, when comb honey is selling at 22 cents." Obviously we should take one-fifth ot 22 cents, wbich is 4 2-."i cents, and this taken from 22 cents leaves 1" S-5 cents as the price tor the same grade of extracted honey when comb sells at 22 cents. I need not enter into the reason tor the one-fifth instead ot the one-fourth. The mistake is an easy one to make. I simply offer the following case in point: 24 pounds ot comb honey at 22 cents will bring $5.2S ; ao pounds ot extracted honey to bring the same must sell at IT S-B cents. Bees are wintering finely here. Ai.i.EN Lath.vm. Norfolk Co., Mass., Feb. 23. Flowers in Bloom. The hills some :i(l miles southeast ot here in this county, are covered with snow. These hills would lie called mountains in the East— they are probably 2,000 feet high. The snow will remain on them but a few days. All through the valley calla-Iilies and other tender Howers are a-bloom. We have had plenty of rain, and the year bids fair to be a very propitious one. W. A. Prtai.. Alameda Co., Cal., Feb. 23. Prospect is Good. Bees seem to be doing the very best on sunny days; as on all others, not one starts out. Of course you remember how they would not stay in the hives those years, long ago, when so many died, and spring dwindling and pollen figured ns un- known theories. Our winter has been steady, cool, and bright, and the prospect is good. T. F. BixinnM. Clare Co., Mich., March ;!. f ^ ¥ Galifornia [t you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely lUuBtrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St,. - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. CARLOADS Of Bee-Illves, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ' lea. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send tor cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, BivER Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. Mention the A^ncrlcan Bee Jovr'nciL lliiili\* HONEY-EXTRACTOR iUlllll !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' St-prLiES in general, etc etc Send for imr new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Ctaas, P. Mutli 8e Son, Cincinnati, Ohio, 3iention the American Bee Journal. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! Roots Goods at Root's Prices. Pondcr's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., iNDHNAPOLis, Indiana. DVERTISEMENT. MEST'ON "H^S JC^fVM^ ■V-EN ANSWtfll^G T tSr IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send ll.2o to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Callt., Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. X't years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- Ical treatment, address „, . „ Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. H ATCHChicke n s ^ v stream MOI>EL EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Perfect. SclfHegnlat- inq. Tliousamla In sui-oc-^sfut oporatiou. l,.oweHt priced Qret-cluMii llatoher mude. <;K0. II. (STAIIL. ltl4totg3S. 6lhHt.Qiilncy.IlL 44A2Gt Mention the American BeeJoumaU f Early Italian Queensf Up till the middle of April at these prices: Untested, 75u.; Tested, *l.2.>. E. li. CAUKIlVfiTON, oAlTt »e Piiulak Sprlnsa, Fla. MK-vfior, t^.f Aro^rr-icv/n Bee .Tcnir'rtc.-. Veil, o v«ii, o'vi;i-i.«w««:^i'S Yellowzones for PAIN and FEVER. 189', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 159 HONEY and BEESWAX MAKKET 4-6c,; amber, 5c, ; dark, 4-4V^c, Beeswax. 25-2t)c. Cincinnati, Ohio, Peb. 20.— No. 1 white. 12®13c.; No, 1 amber, 10@l2c.; dark, 8®10c. Extracted, 3!4@(Jc.. according to quality. De- mand is slow for all kinds of honey. Beeswax Is in fair demand at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. HewTork, N. Y ,Peb. 20.— There has been a little better demand for comb honey during the last two weeks. Prices, however, will not improve, as the season is too far advanced and plenty of stock laying on the market. We have a good demand for extracted buck- wheat, candied, and bee-keepers having their crop on hand yet, should now market It, Beeswax is quiet at 2e 28c., according to quality. Minneapolis, Minn., Peb. 20. — Fancy white. ll®12c.; No. 1 white, 10@llc.; fancy amber. !)®10c,: No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7@8c, : No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, G®7c. ; amber, 5®3Sc, : dark. 4®5c. Utah white extracted, 5@3!4c. Beeswax, 23® 2(3c, Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, N, Y , Mar, 5,— Demand a little better, but lOc. cnntlnues the prevailing price for strictly fancy 1-pound comb. Occa- sionally lie. perhaps. In a peddling way. Other grades range from 8@4c„ as to kind and quality, etc. Extracted. 4@5c. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal, Cblcago, Ills. R. A. BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street, New York, N. V. HiLORETH Bros. & Seoelken, Kansa* City, .^o. 0. C. Clemomb & Co.. 423 Walnut St. Buffalo, N.Y. BATTEK80K & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St, Hamilton, 111*. CHA8, DADANT & SON. Fblladelptala, Pa. Wm, a, Selser. 10 Vine St, Cleveland, Oblo. Williams Bros,, 80 A: 82 Broadway. St. Louis, 9Io. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St rainneapoliri, minn. S, H, Hall & Co. inilfvanliee, ATIs. A, V, Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. K. E. Blake St, Co.. 37 Chatham Street. Detroit, micb. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co,, Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas, Mcculloch & Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. r. MtTTH & Son. cor. Freeman & Central avs. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 31l> lOib 25ft 50a> AlslkeClover $.70 »1,25 »3,00 » 5,75 Sweet Clover (white; ,60 1,00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1,60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, tor cartage, if wanted by freight. Tour orders are solicited, GEORGE W. YOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. One Cent invested in a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. 1*1. H. HUNT, Bell Brancb, mieli. WmEM ANSWEflllQ THIS ADVERTISEMENT. WenTIOH This JOURM/.^ PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH \ ^^B BelDR the cleanest la aenally worked \ 3^H the qnlckeet of any Fonndation made C^Ja J. VAN DEDSEN & SONS, ^^H^H Sole Manufactarers, V^PW SproQt Brook MoDtnomery Co.. N. T. Menlvm. Oie American Bee Joumai, Has No Sag in Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas So fishbone in the Sarplas Bone;. What Ails the A. B. J.? NOTIIIM;, perbapH. But I'm using It as aiiiedlmn lor telling you about Vellow- zo.vKS, and since my first ad.— Dec. 17. '90. have rec'd only 8 replies, while from the ad. in the other bee-papers I am receiving aiiundast returns. Bro. York and His Force use them, and speak of them highly— see pages 809 and 812, Dec. ITth. Tboy arc Guaranteed to Please you. and I might almost guarantee you'll become a permanent customer, from the fact that nearly all the hundreds of bee-keepers who have ordered them once have ok- DEliED UEI'EATEDLY. Yellowzones arc an Honest, Efficient remedy lor all Fevers. Headache. Colds. Grip. Neuralgia and Kheumatism— espe- cially serviceable In the GKIP. Here's from Dr. A. B. mason, Feb. 8, '97: " I shall telegraph you this morning for Yellowzoncs, and you'll find pay enclosed. Mrs. M. has the Grip, and they have helpt her materially. Didn't know they were so near gone, or 1 would have telegrapht yes- terday." t^~ You'll do best to order 6 Boxes, but just to find whether you do or don't read the A, B. J. ads., here's an offer- Send me a 2- ct. stamp, and I'll send you a 10-ct. sample You'll find them the most satisfactory reme- dy you ever used for general household emergencies. 1 Box, 18 tablets, 25 cts.; 6 Boxes, $1. W. B. HOUSE, M. D., Mrawer 1, UE't'UUR, .IIIC'H. CifiKii^'i x.f Arfjerica'''. 8ce Jcumcz. Pacific Coast Bee-Keapers ! UL-Y VOL'R Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to the Ijest goods on the marliet. Send (or Fricc-Ijist. Rawson & Earner, Centralia, 'Wash. lOAlSt Mention the Am. Bee Journal. STR/ICTLi'X' I=tJR,E3 Bee-Keepers and Accumulators in- the D. S., It may be of advantage to you communicate with us if you have Pure Yellow Beeswax for sale. No Impure wanted. We are buyers. Address. BAUGET ic HEID, 8 S. William St.. - New York, N. Y. t/uvtiwi iji', Ami^-ic^^i Bit Jcumw- 8A4t Golden Add Texas Queens Dr. Gallup says they are the best he has in his yard. J. D. GlVEiNS, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 9A26t. Oiliro Cppp * useful articles for only 2-6mo. snbs. uAMLO inLL fi.l'oultryKeeperat2.ic. Every poultry rai^'T wants Diis leadinff poultry paper. Sample free. Address Pol^ltrv Keefeb Co.. Box 44 Parkesburg, Pa. MentUni the American Bee JotirKcl, Convention ^'olices. Texas.- The next annual meeting of the Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at Greenville. Wednesday and Thursday. April 7 and 8, 1897, All are cordially invited to attend. Utali.— The I'tah State Bee-Keepers' Asso elation will hold Its semi-annual meeting in the City and County Building. Salt Lake Citv. April .3, 1897. at 10 a.m. All are invited to come and bring your friends. A full program in the interest of the industry will be pre- sented, amongothersubjects to be considered being the best method of marketing our prod- ucts, and how to best protect the bees from foul brood and other diseases. In union is strength, and by industry we thrive. The As- sociation needs your aid: then let all do their full duty, for their own interest .and for mu- tual benefit and self-preservation. Salt Lake City. Utah. E. S. Lovesy. Pres. 160 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. March 11, 1897. ■i t% m» ■■ •* Copy of LULL Siieeessfiil Bee-Keeping, r R r r tjy W. Z. Hutchinson ; ^ I 1 1 k k and our 1807 Catalog, for 'J- cent stamp, or a copy of tho Catalog: lor tlie Asking- We make almost ETpryiliiiig used by Bee-Keepern, and at Iiowosi Prices. Oi'n Falcon Polisiit Sections arc warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have U»e best— siitli as we make. The Americau Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. Sample Fhee— Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JABCESTOWN, N. Y. J»fe?Ui07i. the American Bee joiir<\-7,,. nrr l/CCDCDC 1 Let me send you my 64- ULL-KLLrLIIO . page Catalog for 18^)7. J. M. Jenkins, Wetiimpka, Ala. MiTiiticn the .Amen/iOM Bee Jcv,r>yM. BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Or in Ei-ebaufje lor Foundation— Sections— Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax tllfo^n^ A Specially. ES^ Write for Catalog and Price-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Al tilSTA, WIS. LEADS THEM ALL ! Williams' Automatic Reversible Honey-Extractor Leads them at,l. You want tlie best. Price-List Free. Van Allen & Williams, Barnnni, Wis. 8Ett MtMlan IJie American Bee .JuurnaL BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-inch " Smoke Engine." Is It too large? Will it last too long? Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BIINGHAni, Farwell, Itllcli. 5Atf Menlwn the American Bee Juurnal.. TO REDUCE STOCK ! 5 per cent. Off Ou all Kibd< of Supplies During March. gl?~ Orders amounting to S.") or more will be delivered f. o. b. cars Springfield. Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. lOAlSt Mention the Am. Bee Journal. M.eroJMn thejLiaeiieaa Bee Jmi/f'tt,^>„ U/ANTCn — •"»''»'e"e'" ""«l Bee- Keeper WHIiIlU at summer home In New Hamp- shire ; one man who is competent for both po- sitions and has had e.xperlence; young man K referred : must bo of good character and ablts; references required. Engagement un- til fall certainly, and [terhaps perfiiatient If satisfactory. Address with particulars and state wages expected— J. J. tiliKSSINKH, 1800 I'rairle Avenue, c;h1(;a(;(), Ibi.. Hffiuio't. ill-: /i.-\A.T-'xxit?'i Bee JCfMrcioi. ^''^ Dadanf s Foundation S Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? liecause It has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IPJ 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging', No Loss. Patent "Weed Process of Sbeeting-. Scn<1 ^aine for Onr Catalog', Saiiiplc<« of Foiiiidalion and Teil llalerial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Rinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 41 owiO'Me 4ieEic^^ioM! T^- r=i Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : Xo. 1 Snow-Wliilc. Ko. 1 Cream. 500 .?l.2o 500 §1.00 1000 at 2.50 1000 at 2.00 3000 at 2.25 3000 at 1.75 5000 at 2.00 | 5000 at 1.50 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Prii-e-Lisl of Scot ions, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Ziue, Etc., Sent on application. (iA35t MARSHFIELD IVIFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. Cut Prices to Move Stock ! ! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to offer these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at once, or you may be to late: V-Top Langstroth Frames, 75c per 100 ; 250 for $1.25 ; 500 for $2. All-Wood Frames, pierced for wire, same price while they last. 50 Comb Honey Racks, to hold sections ou the hive, flat, .Si. 00 for the lot. No. 3 VanDeusen Thin Flat-Bottom F'dn., in 25-lb. boxes, $10.50 a box. Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, §1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, §1.) Hill Feeders, quart size, Sc each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, iOc each ; by mall, ROc. Quinby Smokers at 50c, TOc, and .§1.00 each — 20c extra by mail. Jones' Frame-Pliers, 10c each ; by mail, 10c extra (old price, 25c and postage.) 1896 Dovetailed Hives at Special Prices. Desiring to make room for new goods, we offer from stock at this branch. No. 1 Dovetailed hives, Sframe complete, with sections, foundation-starters, and nails, at -*5.75 for .I; $1(1. ."lO for 1(1; .$a0.00 for ai : No. IE, same without sections and starters, $4.7.5 for .5; .$8..50 for 1(1; fUi.OO for 'JO; 10-frame complete, 'JO cts. each extra; 10-frame E, 15cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. It tvaiitcd by Freight, add 'iSc lor cartag'c on orders for less tliau (15 THE A. I. [ROOT COMPANY, Geo. W. York, Manager. 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. ERICA] 37tliYear. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 18, 1897. No. 11. See the Wonderful ConiMnatioii Offer ON PAGE 170. To every person who reoeives this number of the American Bee Journal we make a most magnificent offer. It is made to New or Old subscribers, and ought to bring us thousands of subscriptions right away. The Woman's Home Journal is one that will delight and interest and educate the women folks for 12 months ; and the book — " Samantha at Saratoga '" — is just brimming over with healthy humor. The book and woman's paper are alone are well worth all that is askt for the combi- nation which also includes a year's subscription to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. (See page 170.) Of this number of the Bee Journal we will send out just 10,000 copies, mauy of them to those who are not now regu- lar readers. All such are specially invited to subscribe for it, and begin to receive its weekly visits. It will surely pay to do so, if at all interested in bee-keeping. Should there be any new subscribers that would prefer to have the Bee Journal alone, we will send it to such, from the Several Visits — Nebraska Apiarian Building. BY EDWIN BEVISS. On the last day of August, 1896, I started for Omaha, to visit some relatives I had not seen for many" years. When I got to Osceola I found that I should have to wait a few hours for a west-bound train. In order to pass away the time I in - quired of a man who was working about the station if be could direct me to some one in or near town who kept a goo many bees. He told me to go down a street leading south Nebraska Bee atid Honey Pavilion, State Fair Oroumis near Omaha. — See page 168 also. time we receive their subscription to the end of this year, for only no cents. This offer is made only to induce those not now getting the Bee Journal, to give it a fair trial. After that, we believe they will not try to do without it. We hope our present subscribers will show these two gen- erous offers to their bee-keeping friends, and endeavor to get them to send in their order at once. Ife are trying to do our very best for the Interest of all bee-keepers, and we believe they appreciate our efforts fully, and will now do what they can to help on the success of the old American Bee Journal. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., Publishers. from the station, then turn to the right and go till I reacbt the next street, then go on a little farther south and I would find a man named M , who kept bees. I started out with pleasing anticipations of having an hour or so of talk with a man who could bee by the book, and who was managing an apiary by the aid of all or most of the modern apiarian appliances. Forgetting my instructions when I reacht the first street running east and west, I turned to the left instead of turning to the right, and then when I reacht the next street running north and south I went on south, but saw no signs of a bee-keeper around any of the dwellings in that part of the town. Seeing the tops of some 162 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18, buildings beyond a rise in the road ahead of me, I concluded the bee-keeper must be over there. The road led me along the east end of a graveyard, and terminated a little beyond the graveyard at a building which showed unmistakable signs of being a slaughter house. This arrangement did not seem to me to be exactly in accord with the fitness of things, but I did not feel disposed to quarrel with the arrangement much, so long as it was I that did not have to " pass through a slaughter house to an open grave." Retracing ray steps past the graveyard, I made inquiry In the outskirts of town, and soon found where the bee-keeper lived. He was not at home, but some oue, I presumed to be his daughter, told me that I could look at the bees. After a little search, I found them in the midst of weeds and grape- vines and cornstalks and potatoes. This man, who kept a good many bees, had five colonies. Four of them were in box- hives, and the other one was in an 8-frame dovetailed hive, from which the paint vpas mostly gone, and it seemed to be terribly loose at the joints. Then I sadly retraced my steps to the station. AriARIAN EXHIBIT AT THE NEBRASKA FAIR. When I reacht Omaha, I found the Nebraska State Fair was in progress there. I spent a portion of two days on the Fair Grounds, and as might be expected, the larger share of this time was past in the spacious building devoted to bees and honey. I was very much pleased to find an lowan there with by far the largest and most attractive exhibit in the building. Mr. Kretchmer's exhibit consisted of bees, honey, and apiarian supplies. I was particularly struck with the completeness of his exhibit of supplies. On ray return, I was told by a resident of the place where Mr. K. does business, that Mr. Kretchraer is doing a good business there, and that his business is a great help to the town. In one corner of the Bee and Honey building I found Mr. Stilson with an exhibit of honey and supplies. He had also quite a large lot of sweet clover seed, and was showing the " White " combined section-press and foundation-fastener. This seemed to me to be a good thing for the work it is de- signed to do, and I wondered why Its sale had not been pusht outside of Nebraska. Next to Mr. Stilson was Mr. Whitford, with an exhibit of honey and supplies. I had a talk of half an hour or so with him that was interesting to one of us, I am sure. Farther along was Mr. Stolley's exhibit of sweet clover honey. Mr. StoUey was not in the building while I was there. There were some fair exhibits by other Nebraska bee-keepers, but none that approacht in magnitude that of Mr. Kretchmer's. Decatur Co., Iowa. More Information About Honey-Vinegar. BY C. P. DADANT. I am askt to answer the following questions in the Bee- Journal : "Please tell us more about honey-vinegar. Can it be used In pickling, and all other purposes, the same as other first- class vinegar? Can it be sold to the grocery trade? — Sub." Honey-vinegar may be used for the same purposes as the very best cider-vinegar. It has the qualities, with the better flavor that honey gives it. We use It in pickles, in salads and in cooking. Ordinarily, it is too strong for pickles and has to be reduced by the addition of water. A good housekeeper gen- erally knows by the taste what proportion of water should be added to the vinegar, for pickles. For sahids, it would be a mistake to add anything to it, the proper way is to use a smaller quantity than if the vino- gar was weak. French salad dressing is made with olive oil, good vinegar, pepper and salt and a shade of garlic. Fastid- ious people, who like garlic, but fear the after-taste, use it sparingly, by simply rubbing the garlic over a crust of bread which is cut up in the salad. Tlie salad should be drest on the table, just as it is wanted, for the vinegar and oil wither the green plants of which It is made, and destroy their flavor, if it is allowed to stand any length of time. A tablespoonf ul of vinegar should bo sufliciont, if the vinegar is good, for a salad for half a dozen guests. If you ever try French salad with honey-vinegar, you will never want lo use any other kind. Honey-vinegar sells to grocers, but not to all grocers in- discriminately. Mai;y grocers cannot be coaxt Into trying it. Their custom wants cheap goods, and cheap goods they must have. The vinegar for these dealers Is lo be had for five to ten cents per gallon. What it is made of is of no consequence. If it is only malt vinegar, or cheap cider vinegar, it Is sufflcleutly healthy and although per- haps not very good, it will not injure those who use it ; but if It Is pyroligneous acid, or, worse yet, cupric acetate, or oil of vit- riol weakened with water, it is a danger to those who use it. Those who buy vinegar make a mistake when they buy a cheap product. A family does not use a dollar's worth of vin- egar in a year, and those who understand the risks that they run in using a poor article very readily see that it is bad econ- omy. Those grocers, who are anxious to sell nothing but the best goods, very readily buy the honey-vinegar, and after it is in- troduced, it usually sells for twice the price of the cheap arti- cle. We sell several barrels of It every year, and have custom- ers who buy nothing else in the way of vinegar. We whole- sale it to the grocers at 20 cents, and the retail price usually 30 cents a gallon. We are not the only ones who make it a practice to sell honey-vinegar. Messrs. Muth & Sou, of Ohio, tell us that they make and sell some 40 barrels every year, and they say as we do, that it is not necessary to run in com- petition with the cheap article, as the better trade will readily pay the better price for a superior article. Let the reader bear in mind that the only healthy vinegar is that which contains anluial life, unless this animal life has been destroyed by heat. This assertion was insisted upon particularly a few weeks ago by a microscoplst who delivered a lecture in our city. He had with him a microscope of great maynifyiug power, the wonders of which were displayed by the aid of a calcium light, throwing the shadows upon a wall, and the audience was plainly shown thousands of vibriones — wriggling like snakes in a drop of good vinegar. Through the microscope these vibriones seemed a foot or more in length, but it is a fact that they may be easily noticed with the naked eye. Whether they are a cause or a result of the acetic fer- mentation is not known. To suTQ up this additional article on honey-vinegar, allow me to advise the correspondent to try the honey-vinegar on a small scale. Making vinegar out of honey should not be con- sidered a good way to get rid of one's crop of honey, especially if this crop amounts to thousands of pounds, but by judicious management one may make and sell several barrels of vinegar each year, out of residues of honey, such as the washings of cappings, soured honey and remnants that might otherwise be lost. Hancock Co., 111. Numerous Experiments in Feeding Bees. BY F. A. SNELL. As a result of the poor season of 1S96 in many parts of our country, a.good many colonies will be short of stores when spring opens, and their condition will demand early attention and feeding — in fact, early feeding will be a necessity to save the bees, and bring them into a condition so the queens will lay, and the strength of the colonies kept up, for it is a well- known fact among bee-keepers that bees short of stores will rapidly dwindle in early spring, if not result in their starving outright. I have done more or less feeding since the early '60's. Formerly, my bees were in box-hives, and the colonies short of stores were put into the cellar to winter, the hives Inverted, and pieces of comb honey laid over the combs, as a supplement to their scanty supply, gathered the previous season. Later, I transferred my bees all into raovable-corab hives. Then, like all beginners, I desired a too rapid increase, and as a result I had too many weak colonics, which had to be fed in winter and during the spring. I tried different methods In practice at that time. Some were fed candy, and wintered fairly well ; three were fed sorghum molasses, as was advised by some writer. These three colonies went where the wood- bine twineth, long before spring, as might have been ex- pected. Only good honey, syrup from granulated sugar, or candy made from that grade of sugar, are fit for winter stores. Upon the advent of the honey extractor I was quick to bring one Into us-e. The extracting was done from the brood- chamber at that time, and the first season that I used it I emptied all of the combs that contained very ranch honey, filled during clover and basswood bloom. Owing to a drouth later, that season we had but little fall honey, and, as a re- sult, the part of my apiary run for extracted honey was de- ficient In food for winter. I resorted to feeding, using honey largely for the purpose. Then, and since, I have tried vari- ous methods. I have used dishes filled with honey or syrup, with pieces of combs to keep the bees from drowning, cloths, sticks, etc. I have used entrance feeders, fed by tipping the hives back and pouring the feed Into the hive-entrances ; atmospheric feeders, cans, and the like, also sack feeders In a small way. For spring, to test the merits as to increasing brood-rear- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 163 ing, by feeding, in our location, 1 doubt very much the advis- ability of feeding for this purpose, but whoro the spring bloom is it may be very desirable, and of considerable value. What- ever food is given, should not be too thicl< — it should not be as thiclf as well-ripened honey. After trying most of the bee-feeders in use, I find none equal to that of J. A. Golden. It is so handy, economizes the heat; it is used just over the brood. The feeder is set in a surplus case used for 4,'4 sections. The food receptacle can be made shallow or deep, as desired. If shallow, for stimula- tive spring feeding, a mat can be placed over the feeder proper, and the hive cover on this, thus retaining the heat to the maximum. I am yet feeding a little each spring to further test the matter in the way of increast brood-rearing. We sometimes have a dearth of bloom between apple, raspberry, etc., com- ing early, and clover at the opening of summer. In this case, feeding will be very useful. For general purposes I reserve brood-frames tilled with honey to supply any colonies deOicient in honey, and prefer it to any other plan. The beginner should not strive to more than double his colonies any year. Try to Iteep all strong, i'eeding for win- ter, except in extremely poor seasons, will not then be needed. It does not pay to extract all honey and feed bacli syrup for winter food. I prefer hives or brood-chambers large enough to hold honey enough to last until May. I have tried small ones to my heart's content. Carroll Co., 111. Things That are Worth Remembering. BY MRS. L. C. AXTELL. To feed the bees in seasons when they cannot get a living themselves, and thus preserve alive " the goose that lays the golden egg." To have the supers on the hives before the bees get the swarming fever — a little too early is better than too late. To have everything in readiness for swarming time. To keep cool and collected when bees are swarming. To put all bee-utensils in place when done using them, in- stead of leaving things lying around helter-slseiter, which will often cause much loss of valuable time in hunting them. And to Ijeep a little reserve strength for emergencies. LOOSENING HONEY IN SUPERS. When taking honey from the hives, if the supers are in- verted, and laid upon a honey-board, and then piled one upon the otiier, nearly all the sections will break loose from the super and slip down upon the board, so they are easily re- moved from the super. This refers to honey taken from the hives iu warm weather, and supers having a bee-space above the sections. Should there be sections only partly filled, it would not be well to turn the sections bottom upwards, as some would be apt to crinkle down or fail over edgewise. If full supers taken off the hives late in the fall are in- verted, and strips of wood a bee-space thick (or as thick as the bee-space above the section in the super) were laid on each row of sections, and the supers piled one above another, their weight would press them loose if iu a warm room, and I think probably they would loosen even if in a cold room, but I am not sure. If full supers are inverted on the hives a few days before taking off, the bees nicely till out all vacant places, and seal them in nearly all around, but they soil the sections badly with propolis, sealing the two sections together where the top one rests upon the under one. Sometimes it will be diflicuit to remove them from the hives — they will stick so. So it is not advisable to turn supers over while on the hives. MAKING HONEY-VINEGAR. This is easily made by throwing into a Jar all scraps and scrapings of clean refuse honey, and pouring in the jar warm rainwater (well water will answer), and into the same jar pour In all fruit-juices or jellies or preserves that have soured, or settlings from the vinegar and mothers that gather on top of the vinegar. If the honey-vinegar is wanted to be white, I would not put in grape or any dark fruit-juices, but an amber vinegar that does not look darker than cider sells just as well as a white vinegar. Of course, it should not freeze; I keep mine in the kitchen or pantry until it gets partly soured, then drain it from the settlings into the largo jar with my other vinegar. I can never get barrels hoopt tight enough to hold vinegar if kept in the cellar. Even if the bung is left out and the open- ing covered with a cloth, the iron hoops always burst or the barrel springs a leak, and I lose my vinegar every time, be- fore I find it out. So, of late years, I have been using 10- gallon jars, and cover with a cloth and board, which lets In just air enough to cause it to come quickly. If my vinegar shows signs of having those " vinegar eels " In it, I scald and skim it, and wash out the jars carefully, and tie cloths over tightly under the boards. Warren Co., III. Liquefying Candied Honey in the Combs. BY I. \V. BKCliWITH. Correspondents frequently ask what to do with combs of candled honey ; and Dr. Miller either tells them to melt them, or give them to the bees to clean, and save what little honey they can from the bottom-board. Now I want to whisper in the Doctor's ear, and say to him to tell the next one to put those combs in a very damp, warm place, and in a few days the honey will all be liquified. Uncapping will very much hasten the process. Probably the best place is over a colony ot bees in the cellar, with a honey- board between (that will let the heat and moisture pass, but exclude the bees), and made tight as possible above. The honey can then b^ extracted or ifcd to the bees without loss, and without danger of any granules being left in the sections to injure the next crop. MANAGING VICIOUS BEES. Reading the articles of L. S., page 486, and the one by Geo. S. Vinal, on page 595 (1890) reminds me of some ex- periments I had many years ago. I had two colonies, one pure Italian and the other " high grade," that were as wicked as those that these gentlemen tell about. It seemed that the more foreign blood, the longer and more active their " tongues " at either end. They were certainly the best workers I had. (See articles referred to above.) The fowls and all other animals learned to avoid that part of the orchard, and I am not sure but they kept the thieving birds out of the cherry-trees. If one should pass the hives when they were all inside (if it was not too cold or dark), they would bo attracted either by the sound or jar of the foot- steps, or by the smell, and come swarming out. The more I smoked, the worse they were. I even smoked them till they could not fly, and as soon as they recovered sufficiently they would hoist the black flag-. At last I took the smoker, well filled, and approaching the hives at night as cautiously as possible, I would ^(t the hives with smoke, being careful not to let the smoker touch the hive, nor jar it in any way. After doing this a few times, as soon as they got the least smell of smoke they would run up the white flag — that is, they would hum their subjection, and soon became as docile as any bees I had ; and the next spring they had not forgotten the lesson in the fall. Weld Co., Colo. % Yellow Sweet Clover — A Few Facts. BY .JOHN M'ARTHUK. In thus writing of the yellow variety of sweet clover (raelilotus officinalis), my experience dates back 17 years, so that all bee-keepers are not ignorant of it or its habits. From the glowing accounts of it in northern Nebraska, one would be led to believe that bee-keeping would be revolutionized by a liberal application of the seed of melilotus officinalis. Re- member, I am not writing from northern Nebraska, but from Ontario, Canada, which means considerable in latitude, and therefore may mean considerable iu the way of secretion of nectar. An American bee-keeper, inquiring about seed, asks the question : " Is it any better than the white variety ?" Now, Mr. Editor, I crave the liberty of your columns, in order to answer this correspondent, also to give my experience with the two varieties, and their habits. I would say, emphatically, that the yellow is not equal to the white in many respects, because it blooms at a time when we have an abundance of white, Dutch and Alsike clovers, and very few bees will then be seen upon it. Its roots are shorter, and don't penetrate so deep into the subsoils to extract mois- ture. Its spikes of bloom are fewer, and not so long, and it sheds its bloom quicker; the shoots from the root or seed are not so abundant ; while for hay it is not to be compared with the white — I should say about two to one in favor of the white. As to pasturage, both are eaten greedily — I see no dif- 164 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18, fereoce, but I would expect the best results from the white, as it is the more vigorous grower. There is one peculiarity about the yellow sweet clover that I have not seen noted by any one, and that is, the seed- pod — examine it, and you will find it contains from one to three seeds, differing entirely from the white in this respect, which carries only a single seed in each pod. Its stems are of a reddish nature, while the white are greenish. In very dry seasons it often refuses to bloom a second time, while the white never fails, and is the last Uower to be seen in bloom that bees work upon. Since becoming acquainted with the nature and habits of the yellow variety, I find it better to confine it to bottom lands, and northern exposures. The reason for selecting these locations is to retard its early blooming. It seems to thrive in moist places. I have quite a few acres growing in the marsh, which I expect to see covered with it, in extent about 1,0U0 acres. I can assure you it will not be my fault if this is not the case, if I live long enough. Having on different occasions made reference to it, and admitting that it is finer in the straw, yet I have seen it on rich, moist soil six feet in height. As a contrast, I have a sample of the white that measures 12 feet. It is more shy, and not so sure as a cropper. You can throw the seed of the white anywhere, and be sure of a catch, if the seed is good, almost every time; but not so with the yellow. Yet there is something beautiful about its pretty, little, yellow blossoms, that endears it to the lovers of flowers, which are a shade larger than the white. When there is a good stand it looks handsome when in full bloom. After being cut, it covers the ground, and is of a crawling, or creeping, nature, never be- coming very erect. It is not at all obnoxious, in fact I have repeatedly sown it along some of the boulevards and streets, and it meets with no objection. This is one feature that com- mends it to bee-keepers. In thus writing T am candid, having no personal aim in view, and no seed for sale, all being spoken for. My last year's crop of seed of the white variety, amounted to nearly 3,000 pounds, a few hundred pounds going to the United States. So I take this way to thank my United States bee-keeping friends for the interest they are taking in this, the queen of honey- plants. Ontario, Canada. Preventliig Bees from Leaviug a New Hive. BV L. L. 8KAGGS. .Tust put an entrance-guard over the entrance and leave it there until they are satisfied with their new home. The bees may come out several times, but they will return, because the queen can't follow. I have been practicing this for four years, and I find it beats giving a frame of brood, or any plan that I ever saw in print. If you want comb honey, give the new swarm four frames of sealed honey and four frames of starters, and see how quick they will go to work in the sections, and the starters will be built out with worker-comb, as a rule. COMB HONEY HIVE — DOU'T FEED SUGAB. Some one wanted to know if any one had tried a two- story 8-frame hive for comb honey. Yes, I have, and I think it is the best way with old colonies that get the sections further from the old black brood-combs, and the sections are as white as those that are built over new swarms ; and you have 12 months' supply of honey in the brood-combs, and that is what I want. I don't want to feed. I think that is the worst business that a bee-koeper ever got into. Better keep plenty of sealed combs, and never think of feeding. But if you do get in that fix, whatever you do, never use anything but honey, for if yon do it will be going all over the country that you feed your bees on cheap sugar to "make" honey, and people will tell all kinds of yarns about you. Take my advice, and never use anything but pure honey, or you will be sorry for it. I think sugar-feeding has hurt bee-keepers nearly as much as adulteration. From what experience I have had in feed- ing, I would rather have two pounds of honey than three of sugar. It was what was intended for bees; they never get tired of working on honey, but sugar is different. They never rear much brood when fed on sugar. FIOHTINO COMMISSION AND AUI.TERATING FRAUDS. Say, bee-keepers, if Mr. York gets a lawsuit on his hands by exposing frauds, why can't we chip in a little to pay his expenses ? A little from each subscriber would amount to considerable, and we would never miss it. It seems like a big load for one to take on his hands. He is saving bee-keepers lots of money, by exposing these swindlers, and I think we should stand by him, if he gets into trouble for our benefit. Say, Mr. York, why not you and some more editors, and able bee-keepers, frame a Bill or a pure food law, and send out a copy to each bee-keeper to sign, and get all the signers possible, then return to you, and you present it to Congress? Don't you think the Bill would pass '? 1 believe nearly every man would sign such a Bill. If the lawmakers want to help the people, I think they would push such a Bill through at once. I am willing to do all I can within the bounds of rea- son, to stop adulteration, or any other kind of fraud. Llano Co., Tex. [Thank you, Mr. Skaggs, for suggesting that all turn in and help in case we get into trouble for exposing frauds in the interest of bee-keepers. We are not afraid at all, but in case any swindler should think of fighting back, it would be a fine thing to tell him he'll have to fight the whole bee-keeping pub- lic. He probably would " tink a coople dimes " before he be- gan to strike back. But they know better than to attempt that. Yes, it might be well to take up your suggestion about getting a law against adulteration. But the plan was tried once, and failed. Later on perhaps some such plan may be undertaken again. — Editor.] Several Notes on Bees ia Nebraska. BY J. M. Y'OUNG. Bees are wintering finely in this locality, the temperature of the weather being so that they could fly every few weeks through the entire winter, but spring dwindling usually gets away with more bees than the winter here. Where to Keep Honky'. — The proper place to keep ex- tracted and comb honey is in a warm, dry room upstairs in your dwelling or honey-house, where you have fire below the most of the time. As soon as our honey is taken from the hives it is placed in the upper part of our dwelling, where the direct rays of the sun strike it at all times. Stamping Sections. — I never use labels on my honey- boxes, and yet my name and address appears on every section I put on the market. I have a rubber stamp with my name and address, that beats any label ever printed, and is just as attractive. It is easily put on, does not cost very much, and several sections can bo stampt in a minute, or several hundred in an hour. Just try one, and convince yourself. Dating Circulars. — Quite a few circulars come to ray address without any date on them. It seems to me that all printed matter of whatever nature should have something on it to show just when it was '• horned." Also, if bee-keepers would use colored paper for the covers of their circulars it would bo a big item in many ways. An Upto-Date Bee-Keepeb is getting ready now for next summer, just as fast as he can. If ho hasn't been post- ing up on bee-literature all winter, and looking up the best and newest improvements ho will surely be " left " when the time comes for real work. The winter-time is the proper time to do all this — to fix hives, cases, boxes, etc. Candied Honky in Sections.— -I don't agree with Dr. Miller (see pages 74 and lOo) as to using old sections that had candied honey in them. I usually have sections every winter (and believe all beekeepers have) that the honey will candy, and the unsealed honey will sour in the sections. My hives are all 2-story, and when the weather gets warm I place those candied sections of honey — in fact, all sections that have honey in them— in the upper story of the hives, directly over the bees, and leave them there for several days, and if the Doctor will do this I think he will not find any granulation of honey In them, and that they will be just as clean as anybody would want them. If the sections are put in the open air, I doubt If they are cleaned out properly. Drawn-Comb and End-Spackrs. — I am watching those fellows down at Rootvillo, on that drawn-out comb business ; also that new improvement on frames with staples driven in I8y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 165 the ends, and I hope they may succeed. The idea of using drawn-out combs is a good one, and will be a big advantage to bee-keopers, but the cutting off the ends of the frames — well, I shall wait and see what the outcome will be, before adopting the plan. From what I can gather from the idea, I don't be- lieve it is just what Mr. Root thinks it is. Perhaps I may try a few frames in my own apiary this season, merely to test the idea. Tall Sections. — The idea of Introducing tall sections is undoubtedly a good one, from the fact that they look much handsomer and neater when filled than a -tKx4'4' section. The bees will fill them quicker than a square section. Years ago 1 used what is called the " 2-pouud prize section," '1 inches wide, with a 12-inch case. It did not take the bees any longer, apparently, to fill a case of 2-pound sections than a case of 12 or 2+ one-pound sections; but as soon as the square sections came into use, I laid them aside just because I only wanted one size section to handle in my apiary. I still have some of these same 2-pound sections lying around my shop ; and to try them again, I think I will fix up a few cases of them next summer, just to see how an old idea will work along side the improvements of to-day. Now, if we can get just one pound in the tall sections, or near it, they will be all right. Everybody has become so used to buying honey in one- pound cakes that if we introduce anything that will hold more than a pound they will kick. A section 4x5x13-4 or by 1»<, may make just one pound, or be the right size. If these sec- tions go over a pound the bee-keeper will be the loser, and the consumer the gainer. But, then, the greatest drawback to tall sections is that of having to change all our cases, and what to do with the ones we already have. Cass Co., Nebr., Feb. 24. The Eastern Iowa Bee-Keepers' Couveatioa. BY W. A. HAY. r~ The Eastern Iowa Bee-Keepers' Association met at Anamosa, Feb. 10 and 11, ISy", and was called to order by Pres. F. JI. Merritt. Secretary Keeler being absent, W. A. Hay was appointed Secretary pro tern. The Secretary's and Treasurer's reports were read and approved. On motion of T. O. Hincs, the President was given the power to appoint an experimental staff. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. QuES. — "Shall we requeen in the fall or spring?" Ans. — It is the expression of this convention that we should requeen about the time of fruit-bloom, or as early as the weather will permit. QoES — " Is It profitable to rear more than one race of bees ? If so, what kinds ?" Ans. — We believe that it is profitable to infuse new blood into our stock; and until we get a better bee by trial, we will hold to the Italians. QuES. — " What is the best method of keeping extracting- oinbs over from one year to another?" T. O. Hines replied : ■ When I extract the boney from the combs, I would let the bees clean them up. I would replace them in the supers, two combs less than when there was honey in them, and divide that space equally so that the combs will hang apart as much possible ; and stack the supers away in the bee-house, or hang them away with nails driven in the rafters in the bee-house, where they will keep equally as well. I also think it impos- sible to keep combs with pollen in, without sulphuring them." Mr. Coverdale objected, and said that they are profitable for him to keep for breeding purposes. QuES. — " What should be the condition of a colony in feeding back, to give the best results on nnfinisht sections? ' Mr. Coverdale said the condition of the colony must bo good, and the bees put in condition that they will be forced to carry honey fed to them into the sections. And it is the opinion of this convention that it is not profitable to feed back. QuES. — "Is It best to increase by natural swarming or nuclei to secure the best results ?" Mr. Hines desires Increase for the best results by natural swarming. Mr. Coverdale said : "If I want both increase and honey, by nuclei." D. Benton pre.fers natural swarming. Pres. Merritt, for the best results, would increase after the honey season. QiiES.— "Is it best to spread the brood?" Ans.— It is, if you know how and when, and if it is done with great caution. QuES. — " Does it pay to use full sheets of foundation in brood-frames?" Ans.— All things considered, the convention thought not. The following paper was read by Mr. Frank Coverdale, entitled, ALSIKE CLOVER AS A FODDER FOR STOCK AND AS A HONEY- PLANT. In writing this paper I will endeavor to give plain facts from my own farm. I harvested my first crop of Alsike in 1892, cut it for seed as soon as ripe enough, and it yielded, from 8 acres, 32 bushels of nice, clean seed (which I sold for $10 per bushel), and as nearly as I could tell, about one ton per acre of very good cattle hay, which was 8 tons, worth So per ton, or S40, to which add .S32i), and we have .S360. Take off $32 for hulling,' and we have a net income of §328, which is §41 per acre — a better income than I ever obtained from any other crop on the farm. Alsike will yield at least 3 bushels of seed per acre, and I have obtained (the 4 years that I have grown it) an average of $6.75 per bushel for the seed ; 75 cents ofif for hulling, leaves $6 clear. The value of one ton of good hay per acre is $5, making a net income of .$23 per acre, saying nothing about labor of harvesting and threshing. Let us compare results with the corn-grower, or, in fact, any other crop. The average price of corn is about 82 cents per bushel, and about 35 bushels per acre is nearly the aver- age— 40 bushels most ; sold at 32 cents will net $12.80 per acre. Count the stalks at $1 per acre as feed, leaves $13.80 net, saying nothing about the very much increast labor of caring for and harvesting. Corn or oats runs the land down, while Alsike builds it up. In considering the above, we might well add $5 more to the real worth of the ground for another crop after it has grown Alsike. If we should put it at .$13.80, net income for one acre of corn, and $28 net for one acre of Alsike, we would have, in my opinion, a very correct statement, which will leave most decidedly $14.20 as the net value of Alsike over the average corn crop. Alsike hay cannot be beaten as a cattle food. They thrive well whenever they get it. The hay is nice and green, even after being hulled. Here is where Alsike gets the start of red clover; the latter turns mostly black before the seed ripens. Seed and hay can't be had at the same cutting. Labor has gotten to be a big item on the farm. It takes but little labor to handle a crop of Alsike for hay and seed. It is done all at once, and at a time when it seldom rains — just before oat harvest. This nice, well-cured, green clover can easily be gotten up. Alsike prefers low ground, but will do very well on hills, if the ground is in a good state of cultivation. It is inclined to grow too short on high, worn-out land. It does well where the soil is loose. It should not be sown on clay hills, unless manured. It will grow 4 or 5 feet high in a wet slough, right among slough grass, and will run out the grass. Alsike is a short perennial. I have a field 4 years old, and it is now thicker than ever. It is grown north of us because of its ability to stand the long, hard winters. It is needless for me to say that this variety ranks well as a nectar-yielder. I would place our honey-yielding flora in the following order : Gray willow, heart's-ease, sweet clover, Alsike, white clover, buckwheat, red clover, Spanish-needle, wild sunflower, and a blue flower that grows along bottom lands. I might say mi ch more, but this paper is already long enough. However, I will add that Alsike, like white clover, refuses to a great degree to yield honey during a very dry season. In 1894 I secured 2,00O pounds of comb honey, nearly all, I think, from Alsike. There was over 100 acres close to my bees, and they workt scarcely any on white clover. One bee-keeper, who had about the same number of colonies as I, and in about the same condition, secured scarcely any surplus at all. He was not within reach of the Alsike fields. Again, the honey from the above source was hardly as light in color as that from white clover, but lackt nothing in flavor. Frank Coverdale. PRESIDENT MERRITTS ADDRESS. It gives me pleasure to meet you again. These gatherings are for the purpose of exchanging views and thoughts, and 166 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18, the pleasures that arise from a personal acquaintance with those engaged in the same pursuit as ourselves. Our present literature has advanced from a crude state to almost a perfect ideal. The older bee-keepers can remember in their early experience, if they would hear of an article in a paper on bees, they would travel for miles to read it. And then our hives and fixtures seem to have reacht perfection, and the mode of operating the same has become so general among bee-keepers that there seems to be nothing farther to be desired. But in this we are in error, for on opening any of the bee-journals one will find some new improvement on hives and fixtures, or a new system of management to secure certain results, and as certain conditions bring certain results, so are some results often discovered more by accident than by delib- erate planning of the apiarist. In advising with several of the members last spring, it was thought best to secure the services of three or four of the more experienced members to experiment on such lines as they may select. This was done to add new interest to the next convention, as much as to the benefits derived from the experiments. What benefits, if any, will be shown by the reports of the staff. As no members of the staff have reported to me their success or failure, I fear the work was interfered with by there being a very small honey harvest, and in some parts none at all the forepart of the season. But with dis- couraging reports, I would urge the appointment of a staff to continue the unfinisht work, and select other lines for the coming season. I would especially urge each member of the association to give special attention to some line of work in the apiary, that they are not satisfied with, and continue on that line until all doubts are dispelled. It would add new interest at the con- ventions. The adulteration of honey should be considered by this convention. I would suggest that the Secretary be instructed to correspond with the secretaries of all associations in the State, asking them to circulate petitions among their mem- bers to be signed and presented to their various members of the next legislature, looking toward the enactment of a strin- gent law. We could then drive the foul curse of adulteration of foods from our State. The season of 18yii was one long to be remembered by the bee-keepers of eastern Iowa. The fearful winter losses, and absence of an early honey harvest, combined to discourage some of our apiarists. But there was much to be learned, even in a year of failure. In my apiary it was forseen in the spring that feeding would have to be done to all the colonies, and it was continued until basswood came into bluom. This and other causes I will not mention in this paper, greatly In- terfered with a line of experimental work I had laid out in my own apiary. In conclusion, let me say that I feel grateful to the mem- bers of the experimental staff for the way they were willing to take hold of the work, and the assistance they gave me on other lines. F. M. Merkitt. The experimental staff was continued over to the coming season. Owing to the failure of the honey crop they were unable to accomplish anything last season. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as fol- lows : President, F. M. Merritt; Vice-President, T. O. Hines ; Secretary and Treasurer, W. A. Hay, of Anamosa. The place selected for holding the next meeting was Maquoketa. W. A. Hay, Sec. A Nc'w Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. Xhc Alsike Clover Leaflet conslsts^of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike" clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 20 cents ; 100 for 35 cents ; or 200 for OO cents. * » » "Ko-w is the Time to work for now subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offer made on page 170 ? CONDUCTED BY Z>K. O. O. Jim,J.ER, MAKE2VGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.1 Carniolan Bees and AdvertiscincnU. I would like to try the Carniolan bees, but I do not find any advertisement of any queens of that kind for sale. Could you tell me, through the Bee Journal, of any one who has Carnio- lans for sale ? A. S. R. Answer. — It's rather early to think of getting queens, so it's rather early to find advertisements of them. In plenty of time for you to order you'll find queens advertised, and if you don't fiud advertisements of any particular kind you're pretty safe in concluding that practical honey-producers don't care much for that kind. [Carniolans are offered in this number. — Editor.] Flour and Comb-Biiiidins. Our bees had several good flights here last week. I gave them ground rye and wheat flour, and it was a pleasure for me to see them so busy carrying it in. Do the bees build comb from wheat or rye flour ? F. W. H., East Alton, 111. Answer. — Probably flour of any kind cuts very little fig- ure in the matter of comb-building. Feed sweets, and comb will be built if it's needed. The Dzicrzon Hive. There is an old German who lives across the road from me, and has been telling me of a hive they used in Germany, but he can't give a discription of it so that I can make one. The name of itis " Dzierzon." He says it is an automatic hive. If you can give a discription of it in the American Bee Journal, I should be much obliged, not only for me, but the old gentle- men who is past 85 years. H. W. S. Answer. — Dr. Dzierzon is the one who to-day stands high- est of all men living as a leader in bee-culture. No living man has done so much for bee-culture. An English translation of his book, "Rational Bee-Keepiug," lies before me, but I feel very sure it isn't worth while for you to have a description of one of his hives. You wouldn't be satisfied to use it. E'er one thing, you wouldn't be satisfied to have a hive from which you couldn't lift out the frames at the top after taking off the cover. With the Dzierzon hive you open the side or end, draw out one frame, then another, and you cannot get the last frame out of the hive without first taking out every other. As to being an automatic hiver, it is no more so than hives com- monly in use here. It is some time since I read his book through, but I don't remember seeing anything about automa- tic hiving, and certainly full instructions are given as to the managements of swarms that issue. ^ I ^ Quecnicisncss — Putting on Su|>cr§, Etc. 1. As I bought three colonies of bees and have not much experience, I would like to know how to tell when a colony is queenless in the spring after taken out of the cellar"? 2. Must the super be put on the hive as soon as Intake them out of the cellar ? ; I .' 8. Can I let the bees work in the supers all the season if I do not intend to feed them for winter ? M. S., Dubuque Co., Iowa. Answers. — 1. One way is to look for the queen. "^But sometimes you may fail to find the queen, altlio a good one is present. A better way is to look for eggs and brood. If you find eggs, or little white grubbs, in the colls you may know a queen is there. In rare cases the qiipon may not bo laying when taken from the cellar,but will surely begin in a day or two. i8y'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 167 unless the coloDy is taken out too early. Don't take them out till soft maples are in bloom, and not then unless the weather is favorable for bees flying. 2. No, don't put on supers till the full flow of honey has started. If white clover is your staple, don'» put on supers till it is in bloom. 3. That depends. If you use 8-frame hives, and the frames are kept filled with brood till late, they may be short of winter stores. With lU-frame hives you are safer. Of course you musn't leave a super on after the sections are tin- isht. Honey Griping in Medicine. Will honey (fripe some people, if it be made into medicine and taken ? J. E. Answer. — I should hardly think so. Taxing Bees in Wisconsin. Are bees taxt, or taxable, in Wisconsin? Why I ask if, that I have been assest at the rate of .S3 a colony, and there are some 800 or 1,000 colonies of bees within 3 or i miles of my two yards, that were not taxt. Our assessor has over 100 colonies. I do not find a person yet In this (Clark) county, except myself, whoso bees were taxt. I don't intend to do anything about it, but I would like to know if they had a right to tax my bees, and, if so, why the rest were not taxt ? H. C. Answer. — Each State has its own laws about taxing, and I don't know what the Wiscotsin law is. Any lawyer or jus- tice of the peace ought to be able to show you the law. Xo matter what it is, there seems no shadow of justice in taxing one man's bees and not those of another. There seems to be more irregularity about taxing bees than almost anything else. In some places they are not taxt at all. But is there any good reason why they shouldn't be taxt everywhere? If a man steals or destroys my bees I appeal to the courts for protection, and I ought to pay for that protection in the way of taxes. ^ ■ Siiippiug Honey in Jclly-Tuuiblers— Honey Cougli Cures. 1. I waut to ship extracted honey iu jelly-tumblers. How shall I pack them for shipping? 2. How can I make a cough and cold medicine out of honey ? I mean by adding other ingredients. Would such be good for croup also ? Minnesota. Answers. — 1. Pack in boxes in sawdust. But unless the honey is candied solid it will be likely to leak out under any covering you may put on. 2. Yes, for an ordinary cough honey alone is a very good thing, and it may be compounded with almost any of the other articles good for a cough. Probably you can't count much on it for croup unless you give enough to sicken the patient, and that would hardly be wise. Among other medicines for coughs is the following : Honey-and-Tar Cough-Cure. — Put into boiling water a shallow tin dish containing a tablespoonf ul of tar. When the tar is hot, add a pint of extracted honey, and stir well for half an hour, adding to it a level teaspoonful of pulverized borax. Keep in a bottle well corkt. Dose, a teaspoonful every one, two or three hours, according to severity of cough. This recipe was given in a former number of the Bee Journal by Dr. Peiro. Here's another that's good : .Steep half a cup of flaxseed in a cup of hot water. Strain out the liquid and mix with a cup of honey in which is put the juice of two lemons. Ifloving Bees to Wasliinglon, etc. Having a 10-acre orchard in the State of Washington, and a desire to introduce some bees in it, I subscribed for the American Bee Journal as one of the necessary ways to start right. Having never kept bees, it is unnecessary for me to tell of my limited knowledge of them. I also found the Bee Journal a little too heavy for a beginner. Can you spare space to give a little advice and answer a few questions. The ques- tions are these : Can bees stand a journey from this locality to Spokane, by freight ? About two weeks' time is necessary. Had I better send full colonies, or nuclei? — 48 hours by ex- press. Any general information you deem proper will be ap- preciated. Do not bee-keepers ever sell bees ? I cannot find an advertisement to that effect. E. J. M. Answer. — A good text-book on bees would be interesting reading for you, and after a careful reading of such a book a bee-journal would be more enjoyable, and not so "heavy." Rightly prepared, a colony of bees ought to stand a two weeks' trip by freight, but there aresome risks. Perhaps it would be as well to have a three-frame nucleus by express. Still better, if you could buy near by where you are going. Yes, bee-keepers sell bees very often, and a little later on you'll see plenty of advertisements, but possibly none to suit your case. Possibly the best thing is for you to put in a " want ad.," and you'd likely get offers from which you could select. A man that is bright enough to understand that bees and fruit go together ought not to make a failure with either. Success to you. M I ■ Goidcn's Plan for Comb Honey. 1. In following Mr. Golden's plan, after the queen has been in the supers five days, then put back into the tive, will the queen-cells be destroyed? What time will it take them to do it? 2. What efl'ect will it have on the bees in the supers being queenless ? I. C. S. Answers. — 1. Your question evidently has in view releas- ing the queen without cutting out the queen-cells. In some cases I should expect the queen-cells to be torn down about as soon as the queen was releast, but in the majority of cases I should expect the old queen to issue with a swarm inside of 2-1 hours. On page 83-t {L896) Mr. Golden omits to say that queen-cells are cut out when the queen is run in, but I have little doubt that he always cuts out all queen-cells before let- ting the queen out of her prison, and on page 834, where he gives particulars, he expressly mentions that "Every queen- cell was cut out." At the point where this statement is made, there is evidently an error that somewhat confuses the whole business. On page 834, a little below the middle of the first column, occurs this line : " hive the fifth day. Every queen- cell," etc. Now change the place of that period, and make it read: "hive. The fifth day every queen-cell, "etc., and you'll have what was really intended. 2. You will see by the account on page 834, that the effect was all right, as he got a good yield of honey, but then the bees were never really queenless in the full sense of the term, for the caged queen was present all the time. Tbe California Bee-Keepers' Exctaange is now officered by the following representative bee-keepers : President — W. T. Richardson ; Vice-President — George W. Brodbeck ; Treasurer — Los Angeles National Bank ; Secre- tary— J. H. Martin, Box 152, Los Angeles. Board of Directors— G. S. Stubblefield, C. U. Clayton, R. B. Herron, E. A. Honey, J. la Rue, R. Touchton, J. C. McCab- bin, W. T. Richardson, and F. S. Pond. Directors-at-Large — J. H. Martin and Geo. W. Brodbeck. Their last meeting was fairly well attended, and the in- terest manifested was surprising after so disastrous a season as 1896 proved to be. But all are looking forward to a more prosperous year now. Prof. Cook, in the Cultivator and Poul- try Keeper, wrote as follows about the Exchange and pros- pects : " The outlook for a successful honey-year and for wise action on the part of the Exchange, fills all members with great hope. It is confidently believed that the Bee-Keepers' Exchange is a tremendous step in advance. The officers are so wide awake, capable, conscientious and determined, there can seem little danger of a failure. The honey-producers also have the advantage of the Fruit Exchange, and they hope to steer clear of its necessary mistakes. It is believed that the advantages in improved sales, and also in more desirable pur- chases of supplies, will so commend themselves to bee-keep- ers that very soon we shall have all the bee-keepers of our State as members of this Association." Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should bo an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer on page 170. 168 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18. ■^Xf?'""' .?!'"'*''" '» AMERICA A«^ CBORGB W. YORK, . Editor. PHBLISHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & GOMPANY, lis MlcUlsaa St.. . CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the P08t-0fHce at Chicago as Second-ClasB Mall-Matter. Vol. imil. CHICAGO, ILL,, MAR. 18, 189]. No, 11, Editorial Con)n)€r)i inclies, each issue, jiriiitcd on line paper and jnit into a handsomely illustrated c Sl( Sl( Read Every Word ol Above Mapilicenl DHer to New and Did Readers 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 171 Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, "Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the Clearest and 'whitest Bassivood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Liue of Supplies. Please mentioa llie Ameiioau Bee.TourDil. 7Atf HARNESS ■ B J^ FROM S5.00 UPWARDS. BARKLEY 910.00 ROAD CARTS and upwards. For Style ami I'luiah tUey can n'>t be surpassed. CARTS i and BUGGIES FROIVI $5.00 UPWARDS. cut shows our S.5.50 Ilarness which we make a specialty of and 'DEFY COMPETITION We also manufacture a complete line of GOAT and DOG HARNESS from Sl.5()toS12.30per set. GOAT or DOG CARTS from Sl.OO to S7.00. Write for Goat Catalogue. BAKKLE7 870. PHiETOH BARKLEY 855.00 BtrSGIE'! a Specialty. We guar- antee Batiefaction. eail our hook of voluntary Tcsti- onials from our customers andsf.' hat ttiey think f Barkley Gooils and Business Methoils. It will pay you to do so. YEARS have manufactured and sold to dealers, BUT NOW we are sfUing direct to consumers, saline: voii the traveliner man's expenses and dealer's profit. Write Icr illustrated eat;ilf>!riie and prices. — _■_. _.. — ... — QMDEN cnr Block, FRANK B. BARKLEY MFG. DO. CHICAGO, SLL. Odr Iew Catalogue ^^^ Send ITS jouv Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy Iji I 9 |J' Ij' I IT TLLUSTRA.TES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies <3r. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN", WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7 J^ cents per pound ; 'J, cans In one case, 7 cents ; -i cans (2 cases) or more, 6j.j cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass^^ood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. IS^ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for S cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Qucstiot;)''Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Efl'ect or Cellar W^intcrlng on tiic Bees vs. Outdoors. Query 46.— Are bees taken out of the cel- lar in the sprini? any more tender than those thai have been out all winter ?— Wis. J. A. Green— I think so. G. M. Doolittle— I think not. Jas. A. Stone — I don't think they are. A. P. Brown — I have no experience in this. Eugene Secor— No, if properly win- tered. Mrs. L. Harrison— I do not think that they are. E. France — I don't know, as we win- ter all outdoors. Dr. C. C. Miller — I'm afraid they are — sometimes, at least. W. G. Larrabee — I have had no experi- ence in cellar-wintering. J. M. Hambaugh — Some say they are, though I never thought so. C. H. Dibbern — I don't know for sure, but it has always seemed so to me. Prof. A. J. Cook — Not if wintered well. They may be in far better condition. Chas. Dadaiit &■ Son — They seem to us to be, until they have had two or three good, cleansing flights. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I cannot answer from persoual experience, as in my climate (Georgia) we winter out-of-doors. H. D. Cutting— I think not. Many old bees die after placing out that would have died during the winter if left out- of-doors. P. H. Elwood— The bees that winter the best are the tougnest, whether win- tered indoors or out. It is the poorly wintered bees that are tender, and dwindle. R. L. Taylor— Are cows wintered in a comfortable stable any more tender in the spring than those that have past the winter with the protection of a rail fence only ? Emerson T. Abbott— No. Would a man who had been out of the house only once or twice during the winter be as strong in the spring as one who workt every day in the open air ? G. W. Demaree— Not if the weather is warm enough so that the bees are not subjected to sudden changes of tempera- ture. But, really, I have but an experi- mental knowledge of cellar-wintering. Rev. M. Mahin — I have no experience in cellar-wintering, and in this climate (Indiana) I do not think it advisable. From what I have heard and read I am quite sure that cellar-wintered bees are more tender, and suffer more from spring dwindling. .1. E. Pond — I have never kept bees inside, that is, I have always wintered them on the summer stands, but I see no reason why there should be any dif- ference in tenderness, whether kept out- doors or inside; and, again, I cannot imagine bow any one can judge accu- rately in the matter. Mrs. J. N. Heater — Perhaps not, but they are sure to have brood earlier, and when placed out-of-doors will be tempted 172 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18. out in quest of water and pollen to feed their young, and perish in the cold; often to sucli an extent that not enouRh bees are left to cover the brood ; and it, too, is chilled to death. My heaviest losses from spring dwindling have always been from colonies wintered in the cellar. Dr. A. B. Mason — I believe they are, but a paper read at the Lincoln conven- tion by Hon. E. Whitcomb, on the " Im- portance of Watering in the Apiary," and the discussion that followed, has somewhat changed my views in regard to spring tenderness, or spring dwind- ling, and I'm going to test the matter myself this spring. Qcj^eral Iten;)s^ Prospects for a Grand Yield. We have a prospect for a grand honey- yield the coming season, as the weather has been unusually warm, and rains plenty and gentle. I think we will have swarms hv the middle of March. F. C. Wiggins. San Diego Co., Cal., Feb. 28. Flattering' Prospects, Etc. We had a good season last year, and the prospects are exceedingly flattering for a good crop of honey next season, as we have had plenty of snow to keep the white clover well covered all winter. I have just exam- ined the bees in the cellar, and find them to be in good condition. F. A. Crowell. Fillmore Co., Minn.. March 3. Report for Last Season. Bees were, for the last season in part (east Pennsylvania) an entire failure. Last spring I brought out of the winter 10 colo- nies, increast them by natural swarming to 13 (luring the summer. I did not get one pound of surplus honey. 1 decreast the col- onies by uniting weak ones to U, and had to feed 1.50 pounds of sugar for winter stores, and tliey are now, so far, in good condition. Yesterday they had a lively flight. I still like bees very much, and hope they will do better next summer. P. W. Flores. Lebigb Co., Pa., March 3. Watering- Bees— Wintering, Etc. While I enjoy reading the experiences of others, I learn some tilings by experience and observation which may be of interest to them. I learned last summer that my bees needed a great deal of water, both fresh and slightly salt, and I supplied tliat want by boring two 3-iuch holes about \^ of an inch deep in a piece of board, and in- verting in each a large glass can of water (one slightly salted), and fixing a frame over them so they would not tip over, and hanging them in the shade of a tree in the bee-yard. It was discovered to lie quite re- markable, the amount of water they would take. If I neglected to fill them as soon as emptied, the bees would fairly swarm around me when I went into the yard, as to give me notice. I also observed that they used more salt water than fresh, during the breeding sea- son and honey-flow, and more fresh than salt later in the fall. I learned in i)utliug foundation into frames with three wires the long way, and a groove in the top-bar, to spring the upjjer wire down in the center about y, inch, and the center and bottom ones upnljout '., and ]i inch respectively. Ijel'ore imbedding them into the foun.i I It never fails in BRIGHTS DISEASE, URINARY DISEASES, FEMALE COMPLAINTS, GENERAL DEBILITY, AND MALARIA. It Is a pnrely vegetable prepar- [ ation, and numbers Its cures by | thousands. Try it and walk in ' newness of life. Large sized bottles or new style i I smaller ones at your nearest store. !tt tjiaj^ctcji Mention the American Bee Jmi/nwJ,. Memorial Cards I (Wlib Portrait on llieiii) For presentation upon the death of a dear one, to relatives and friends, have come into vogue quite jrenerally of late j'ears among Ihe American people. We furnish them to order. Send for free Illustrated circular and price list. Prompt aud satisfactory work at ilvlug prices. ' Address, G. S. UTTER & <::0., Times BuUdlnj?, - Chu'ago, Ills. WANTED ATTENTION I OEE HERE, Filend Beo-Kecper. the best lO ^oods are none too good, and the lowest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 1 897 on Full Ijliio ol' Bee-Keepers' Supplies. 1 defy competilion in quality and workman- ship. Woiklna; Wax Into Foundation when sent to me. a specialty. Write, without tall, for Catalog. My prices are worth looking al. Wax wanted at 2fic .Msh, or 2Hc In trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6.\8t Mention the American Dec Journal. Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! nUY YOUK Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Gtiaratiteed equal to the best (foods on the market. Keiid lur Pricc-i^liot. Rawson & Barner, Centralia, Wash. lOAlSt Mention the Am. lice .Journal. \M Texas Queens ! Dr. Gallup .sajs they are the best he has in his y.trO. J. D. (aVENS, l,l>l>on, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. OAtJGt, wires become straight, and the foundation does not hump and bulge between them. To day is warm and pleasant, the sun shining brightly, no snow, and my bees are having a fine flight, and cleaning up after about four weeks of confinement— the long- est shut-in they have had, and 1 could not resist the temptation to peek into one hive and see what they were doing inside. Imagine my surprise at finding tlie hive full of bees, with patches of sealed brood nearly as large as my hand, and plenty of iarvEe and eggs in three or four frames, in the center of the hive, and plenty of bees ready and willing to resent such untimely intrusion ! I packt my two colonies on the summer stands in 189.5, end they wintered so nicely that I tried it again last fall, as follows: I drove four stakes into the ground, about five inches from the corners of the hives, with the top about six inches above the top of the hive with one super on. Then I stretcht a strip of tar felt around them, put a piece of burlap on the section-holders, and filled the super with dry leaves, and packt between the felt and hive, aud over the top, with leaves, leaving them high in the center; and 1 stretcht a piece of felt over the top. fastening it down by nailing strips of lath around on top of the stalks. I suppose chaff would do as well, but there is nothing in the leaves to call mice, and I can get any quantity of them by going into the timber and scooping them up. I shall leave them packt until the nights are warm, and then save nil. to be used again. H. W. Cong DON. Cass Co., Nebr., Feb. 15. That Utah Honey in Nebraska. I would like to say through the American Bee Journal, in answer to Mr. J. M. Young, on page 133, that those '^bummers," to whom he refers, paid me spot cash before the car of honey was loaded here, for that car of Utah honey, aud a better price than was offered in Chicago, St. Paul or Kansas City. J. S. Scott. Utah Co., Utah. March S. Mild Winter— Bees All Right. Our winter is very mild — we have had almost no snow, and bees have a flight every few days. 1 think they will come out in good condition this spring, but the honey -flow does not look overly promising for next season, as the clover is badly killed. I have 60 colonies of bees, and they seem to be all right. Last year we had only about half a crop, and prices were low at that, with commission swindlers still worse than ever. 1 hope they will be stopt. 1 am very much pleased with the Bee Journal. John Hokfman. Waupaca Co., Wis., Feb. 23. Notes from Tennessee. As each week passes by. I look forward to Thiir.sday night, as the time when the Bee Journal will arrive, so rarely does it miss. The past year was not anything extra as a honey-year. The only flow of much con- sequence was the fall flow from asters, which was very good. Liniien made a com- plete miss last year, so 1 am expecting a flow from that source the coming season. White clover anil asters are both locking well, and a better stand than is generally seen. The saw mills liave nearly cut up ail the large poplar timber, so we have no honey-flow of any account from that source. But po]ilar is just as doul^tful as anything, at any time, and any place, for honey: for sometimes you will get a good deal of honey from it, and sometimes liardly anything, altho to look at the l)op- Inr bloom you can tell no difference, only by the working of the bees. I jiroduce only extracted honey, and offer for sale no houey of inferior quality. I use my off grades for feeding purposes. So, after I have sold a certain man one lot of I6y'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 173 ONOE IN A LIFETIME i is often enough to do Komo thiiiKra if done properly in tlie first place. To build a ICey- stono I'euce \a aoiup tho thlnj? right in tlip beginning. 25 to SS int'hes hiprh. For tho farju, lavni, ^lark and cemetery. Our catalo{|iie contains convincing nrj^ument^ KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., No. ;> Kiisli St., Peoria. lU. •5> MONEY Saved is Money Gained. -S- THE ROYAL UiMON Life lusiiraiice Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that dcfluitely promises lo keep an accurate account with j-ou ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaluinfr funds subject to your order. AsEeiilH AVaiilpd. JOHN B. KING, General Aqent, Suite 513 First Nafl Bank Bld>, 20Atf CHICAGO, ILb. RIR MONEY IK POULTRY llPt^t SiOL-k and Incubators if conducted i.ncordint; lo "The Chautauqua f Guide to Big Profits" jusi out and I sent pOHlpaid with our IbOT Catalot-ue for4c to help I'.'iy postage, etc. Best eirKft nnd stock cost no more if fiurchased of tj'-. you can then sell your product to Lu-;.Tnd I lii-oi^andtt others for hii:Ii fancy prices. ,:\Ve uwn :iiXi ncree most eleL-imtly adaoted to -poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY & PET STOCK FARM, Box i: KE?-JNEDY,N.Y 7 Al 3 Meiition the American Bee Journal, Our '97 Cataloff — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It Is full of Information. f^~ Write for It. I. J. STRIKOHA3I, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N.T. Apiary— Glen Cove. L. I. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price-Liat. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Box IS", Shkbdygak. Wis. Mention the A.mcrlciin liceJoui'iiaU yi^! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello-w BeeS'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay -i cents per pound, CASH ; or 2S cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee .Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If ;ou want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st. , CHICAGO, LLL. honey, and explained my guarantee of ])urity, etc., 1 don't have to do so any more. And as u natural consequence. I cannot produce enough to supply my trade. On page 98, Mr. R C. Aikiu corupares the cost of comb and extracted honey, and he says; " Root li!,ls uncapping knives at TO cents, uncapping cans at $7. and extractors at various prices; also buckets, strainers," etc. Well. I am inclined to think that he could have said: 'To commence produc- ing extracted honey it will cost thus and so," for it takes just the same utensils to produce .50 gallons of extracted honey as iiOO gallons, but of course more storage is needed, and more is required to harvest the larger amount. But what I mean is this; All the heaviest cost of producing extracted honey falls on the first lot, be it .">o or 500 gallons. And comb honey costs just the same, year after year, unless the price of supplies should vary. So, .I'ust taking Mr. Aikin's statement as correct in the other details (which I admit), it must be considered as an extra good article, well worth attention. I am very sorry the two Unions did not unite, as I am in line with the new Union's work of prosecuting adulterators. J. A. Bearden. Lincoln Co., Tenn., March 1. Apparently in Good Condition. 1 bought a colony of bees in April. S'Jj. and now I have seven, all but one appar- ently in good condition. I packt them last fall on the summer stands for winter, and without any advice or special knowledge. I think I have them pretty secure, as a few days ago all but one showed up nicely while flying around the hives. I have three I.angstroth hives, and ithe others are in the Hubbard hive. D. W. Will. Somerset Co., Pa.. Feb. 27. Bees in Good Condition. I would not lose one copy of the Ameri- can Bee Journal. I depend upon it a great deal. My bees are in good condition, and I ex- pect a good crop this year. ROBT. WrLLIAMSOS. Choctaw :\.. Ind. Ter., March i. Wintering Well So Far. My bees are wintering well, so far. I have lost one colony out of 103 here at home. I have not visited the other yards. The American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor. Geo. P. Taylor. Wyoming Co., Pa.. March 6. Report for 1896. I put 39 colonies into the cellar last fall, and in 1896 took about 000 pounds of ex- tracted and 4tX< pounds of comb honey from 18 colonies, spring count. I like the Ameri- can Bee Journal verj- much, and would not like to be without it. J. H. Miller. Ramsey Co., Minn., March 8. Taking Bees Out of Trees. First, prepare a carrying box of light wood, that will hold four or five frames. It should be deeper than the hive to which they belong, to give room for the bees. Allow two inches for each frame. Instead of rabbets for the fiames to rest on, nail strips across the ends, with notches cut in for the frames to rest in ; nail one strip across the center below, notcht. for the frames to rest in. to preventtheirsagging orswinging about. Notch a strip to lit down on the frames, to be held in place by the lid when screwed down. There must be a false bottom-piece to each frame with strips of tin tackt onto each side at the end. projecting forward '4 inch, so that it can slide up and down, and not swing from side to side. It must have t ¥ ^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper- The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclllc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 13.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. CARLOADS (n Bee-Hives. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everylliing used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAHI, RivEtt Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. HferniUrii rite ^^mcrican Bee Journal. Mnih\ HONEY-EXTRACTOR iUUlU !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog, " Practical Hints " will be mailed for lOo. lu stamps. Apply to — Chas. T. Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee J'-"|lOVPt[!'i^(,' BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif,, tor his « . , Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. .^n years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., ChicaRo. HATCH Chickens ^r st^eam- EXCELSiOR Incubator Simple. Per\ iri,9. 1 noud^'Mis ID Eij^< ■ ^\k\\ opcratinri. l,owc«t pricrd flrst-clH«A llaU-her i;i;-()e. <;E0. 11. NTAIIL. tl4tot2gS. 6thKt,Qulnrr.:!I. 44 A26t Mention the American Bee Journal ?Early Italian Queensf Up till the middle of Anrll at these prices: Untested, 7oc. ; Tested, •?l.2.3. E. 1.. CARKINCiTOIV, oAlTt Ue Fnniak Sprlnss, Fla. Mt-'.tv: '. :■'■: -i rrif Ti/:i!,r, U£.f /i:!< Yello'nrzones for PAIN and FEVER. 174 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 18. THE RUMELY ENGINES & THRESHERS trar-Wi^^TT ""' l"'i',"' "i?,"" """*■ '^'^"' «"«'"<■« a. e simple an7 .■at;,i.,e-„,- ,,K,il.Tlr|.o. WritoVldT? M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE. INDIANA. CURRANTS Bring Big Returns Choicest and bfst pn^v-Rg kinds i.VfSS and cost little time and labor. injc vjinetifs of currants, e:ooseberru;s, and all kii small fruits at the prices of the cominou sorts elsewlitr'j.j BiggeRt and fullest stock of fruit and nut trees. Cntalog describes them ail and gives prices. Free. ^92 AKTUUK J. COLLI>S, Moore»tuwn, K. J.^&S ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^^o^i^NAT'^'* Can do the work of four men using hand tools, In Kipping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Bdglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Sold on Trial. Calalo$;oe Free. SE^Er^A FAI^I^S MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. Y. 1 Aly Mtnliu.. the American Bee Journal. DufEsi \ College] Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary. Sborthahd and Typewriting. Efficient and experienced instructors. Day and Night eeselons. Send lor Catalog. Prof. LKWIS KDWIN YORK, Prcs. tm MONEY IN POULTRY 10A13t Bl OUR LARGE GUIDE lur 97 just out. Sonietliing entirely new. 100 pages. Printed in tiueat colored work. Contains eventhing pertainiiiK to Poul- try in full. PRICES REDUCED nn 1st I'rizo Winners and Eegs. Postpaid ,ou receipt of 1ft cents, if you write now. JOHN BAUSSEEB, Jr., Box 94 Freepoit, III Me-ntion the American Bee Juiirnai. SOOJ'lli (Get discounts on early orders for 1897. A.I. Root Go's Ree- I Supplies always on hand. Ret- tf-r prepared Iban ever to fill orders promptly. ;{(;-|niire Cat:i!ofr free. JOHN NEBEIi & SON, Hlg-h Hill. Mr>. JlfenttoJi the American Bee Journal. 4 A tf n - — , . ^» H t ' ; - ~ :; • i = 2 --— 3 ■z i J Vi &3 y /S'.^ E3 ^ 5j iisfes! g Wyd ^ y tsb JACK AT ALL TRADES. "A farmer sliould he able to construct cvirvthing needed *in Ihe tarni"('i') If he wants a wagon, buy a few tools, spi>kos. hubs, felloes, etc. and make it. His time is nulhimi— "he can't afford to help support bijj factories. " The average farnierwill advise you ii» "tell that to Ihe marines, ' but many of them listen to just such arguments on the fence question. Are they wise? PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Mention the American Dee Jouma', Free Farm Labor Bureau. In order to assist the thousands of unem- ployed men In Chicago, the Worklngnien's liome. at 40 (^uetoin House Place, has estab- ll?ht a Free Lafior Rureau. and is prepared lo lurnlsh men to fanners and others In all parts of the country without expense to fit her. Employers api>l>lng should state (Iclliillcly as to the klnil of work, wages to he |)ald. and U railway lare will be advanced. LAIIOR RfltKAU, WOUKINO.MEN'S HoMK. 42 Custom House Place, CHiCAao, Im,. an opening in the side, 3x.5 inches, covered with wire cloth for ventilation. Open the tree on the top over the bees, so as to expose all the combs. Take out the combs and fit suitable ones into the frames, and tie them with corset braid tight euough to draw the false or sliding bottom lath up beneath close. Use two strings to each comb at least. When all the combs are out of the tree, and all suitable ones in the frames, set the box so that the bees can enter easily. Gather up a few handfuls and dump them into the box before screw- ing the top on. and with a feather and a little smoke drive the rest toward the en- trance. When all are in, close tlie en- trance. Transfer the frames to the hive, when you get borne, put on the cover and dump the bees out of the carrier on a sheet so they can go in. When the combs are well sealed to the frames, remove the braid and false bottom lath, and examine for the queen. A. E. Tatlor. Cumberland Co., Pa. That Evergreen S]>eclallst-D. Hill, of Dundee, 111.— has Issued a 32page price-list of Evergreens, Fruit Trees, Ornaments, etc. Resides this, there are carefully prepared directions and instructions for handling, planting and ca'lng for evergreens, gained by 30 years' experience, which are worth hun- dreds of dollars to every planter. On a supplement there is a short essay taken from the Iowa State Horticultural Re- port for 1897. which gives the history of a "Noble Evergreen Grove" of 500 Scotch pines seven years after planting. The owner values it at $1,000, and others say good things about such groves. Every farm owner eopk- Ing the best happiness as well as protection for winter and summer should read this essay. To cap the climax, however, there are offered .50 of the greatest liargalns ever offered In this ciiuntry. For Sl.OO.one can have laid down at his door by mail, from 20 to 100 of almost any variety of evergreens that win grow In America; hO to 100 of nearly any of the forest trees; 12 best ai)ple trees; 12 to '-'0 grapevines, and samples of nearly everything. Then lor $.>.00 to $10.00 one can have hy freight, prepaid, almost any size or number of the beautiful, rare, or useful ever- greens. Rut why enumerate more, when the nurseries are complete, and a postal card will bring lull and tree Information? Address. D. Hii,i>. Dundee, 111., mentioning that .you saw his advertisement In iheAinorlean Bee Journal. «P» 'SEEM SPECIAL Madetosecure GEM -.--,■-, — C00,000 new .-_.-rTrTr_.-.,i OFFER customers. COLLECTION! ePVnC Choice Seeds pure to crow I H |tTe I r iVU«< and blossom, postpaid for lU U I «■ t NOT^ THE VARIETIES :-Poppy, EOnewest | colors;Verbena,15bestparieti8s,Godetia, 20 sorts; Candytuft, 10 shales, Sweet Peas, 20 u new kinds and Mignonette, 10 elegant varieties J ! A. B. Webb, Philn4elphia. Pa., OT-ites: The coi'ect- 1 Jion of seeds grow and blussumed beautifully." , WRITE TO-DAVj MENTION THIS PAPER and receive L Kew, Instructive and Ueaiitilul Si-eii and Flaut Book,. ^ TO REDUGE STOCK ! 5 per cent, Off On all Kinds of Supplies Durina: March. IS" Orders amounting to $5 or more will be delivered f. o. b. cars Springfield, Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr. , Chesterfield, Ills. lOAlSt Mention the Am. Ree Journal. Mentic^i the Amciicaa Bee JoxtrvJiJn RCP I^CCDCDC ! Let me send you my 64- DLL-^LLrL^O • page Catalog for 18»7. J. in. Jenkins, Wetumpka, ilia. Mention the .^.mericoii Bee „er»' SiipplleM. Address. C. B. BANKSTON. llAtt OnitiESMAN, Burleson Co., Tex. MerMvn the A.vwriccf.. Bee /.^•as'^MSi. I 189 '< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 175 HONEY and BEESWAX The following- rules for gradlug honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' ABSoclatlon, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made accordiug to these rules: Fancv.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and flrmly at- tached to all four sidfs; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-sialn, or otherwise: all the cells sealed except the row ol cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but lew cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is. there will be "fancy white," " No. 1 dark." etc. Chicag'o, 111., Mar, 9.— Fancy white. 11® 12c. : No. 1, 1 Oc. : lancy amber, 9c. ; No. 1. 7c. ; fancy dark. TQSc; No. 1. 6@Tc. Extracted, white. o@Tc. : amber. 5@6c. ; dark, 4@5c. Beeswax, 25@27c. For all bee-product, with exception of bees- wax, there is a slow demand, with ample stocks. Albany, H. Y., Mar. 6,— Fancy white, 12- i:ic.; Nq. 1. 11-12C.: fancy dark. V-Sc. ; No. 1. 6-7e.; Extracted, white, -TK-ec: dark. 4-5c. The honey market Is very quiet and stock moving very slowly, even at rednoed prices. White clover is not plentiful. Extracted Is moving very slowly, but we hope for an im- proved demand soon. Indiananolis, Ind., Peb. 20.— Fancy white. 14-loc.: No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-23c. Demand Is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for Inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Teb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-120. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; amber. 5-6o. Beeswax. 2.5c. Cleveland, Ohio, Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 14i4@15c.: No. I white. 12H@l3e. Extracted, white, 6@7c.; amber, 4H@5iic. Beeswax. 22 (a25c. There Is not very much honey in our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. St. Itoois, Mo., Peb. 19.— Fancy comb, 12® ©ISc: No. 1 white, IKailS^c; amber, 9® 10!4c.; dark. 7@8^4c. Extracted, white, in cans. 6@7c.; amber, in barrels, 4(a4Hc; extra. 5c.; dark. 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 23@23Hc. -prime finds ready sale at 23i4c. San Francisco, Calif., Feb. 24.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber. .5-7c. Extracted, white. 5-5^c.; light amber, 4-4HC.; amber colored and candied. 3».ic ; dark rule, 2J£c. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-26c. Philadelphia, Pa., Peb. 2,— Fancy white comb. 12-13C : fancy amber. 8-9c. ; No. 1. 8c.; lancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white. 3-7o. ; amber, 4-oc.; dark, 3!^-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season Is getting over for comb honey — very little demand. Extr.icted in good demand. New York, N, T ,Feb. 20 —There has been a little better demand for comb honey during the last two weeks Prices, however.'will not improve, as the season is too far advanced and plenty ol stouk laying on the market. We have a good demand for extracted buck- wheat, candied, and bee-keepers having their crop on hand yet, should now market It. Beeswax is quiet at 2S 28c., according to quality. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar. 9. — Demand is slo - lor extracted and comb honev. Wequote comb honey at 10@13c.; extracted. GHSSc. Dark comb seems to be an unsalable article at this time of the year. Beeswax Is in fair demand at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo., Mar. 10.— No. 1 white- 12® 1 3c. ; fancy amber, ll@12c.: No. I amber. 10@llc.: fancy dark. OaiOc; No. 1 dark. 8@ 9c.; Extracted, white. .1® .iHc; amber, 4^4® oc. ; dark. 4@4!4c. Beeswax, a.'jo. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.— No. 1 and fancy white comb, ll-12c : other brands, 7-1 Oc. Extracted, white. .5-60.; amber and dark, 4-5c. Beeswax, 24-25C. Minneapolis, Minn., Peb. 20. — Fancy white. IKffll 2c.; No, 1 white. 10®llc.; fancy amber. 9@l0c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark. 7®8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6@7c.; amber. 5®5i.4c. : dark. 4(3.')C. Utah white extracted. 5@5y4c. Beeswax, 23® 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, N, Y., Mar, 6.— Demand a little better, but 10c. cniitinues the prevailing price for strictly furnv 1-pound comb. Occa- sionally lie. perliap's. In a peddling way. Other grades range from 8@4c.. as to kind and quality, etc. Extracted, 4®5c. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. K. A. BtJRNKTT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiLDRETH BROB. & SEOELKBN, Kansas City, Rio. 0. C. CLBM0M8 & Co.. 423 Walnut St. Battalo,N. ¥. Batterson & Co.. 167 St. 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Illti. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbia, Pa. Wm. A. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, OIilo. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Eionls, nio. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapolls, ininn. S. H. Hall & Co. IVIllwaukee, Wis. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. E. E. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street, Detroit, nicb. M. H. Hunt. Boll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 1(32 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, \. Y. Chas. McCclloch & Co., 380 Broadway, Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MUTH & SON, cor. Freeman & Central avi. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers bj" freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: oft lOB) 25ft 50ft AlslkeClover J .70 11.25 13.00 J 5.75 Sweet Clover (white) .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7 00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, lor cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. yob:: & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. One Cent .ti. wmex Ahswei invested in a postal card will pet my large Cata- log' ot All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want and get price. H. HINT, Kell Braiicli, lUicli. S AOVESTISEMENT, MENTlOt THIS JOURN/i^ PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH g?^^^ J. VAN DEIISEIS & SONS, ^^I^H Bole Mannfaotnrera. VVPOT Bproat Brook MontKomerr Co.. N. T. SfCTittoi rJic AwiYTjcan Bcc JCHmc., Has No Sag In Brood-Frame* Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Has Ko Fi!sbboDe in tbe Sorplos Honey. Betnfi the cleaneet la asnally worked tbe QQlckest of any Foandailon made Doctor^s fiir)is Jiy Dr. PElIiO, 100 State Street, *, Chicago, 111. MojisI*'*.— Very little is required in these ca.-ios it the patient is kept in a mod- erately warm room. The greatest danger results from exposure to colds, when the dis- ease is apt to attack the lungs, eventuating in pneumonia. It has in rare cases so affected the kidneys as to lay the founda- tion for Bright's disease. Plenty of warm drinks and gruels are safegards in measles. Sore 'I'lii-Oiits are common at this season, but should be given prompt and careful attention, not so much for tbe pres- ent conditions as in anticipation of the aggravated results which are likely to occur if neglected. Camphorated ointment — before referred to in this column — is an excellent applioatiou outside the throat, protected by a substantial linen bandage. It should be kept on until well. If fever exists, a drop ot tincture ot aconite every hour will relieve it. A gargle ot one tea- spoonful of soda, six of honey, and a quart of water — a mouthful used every hour — affords quick relief. Well, 1 suppose it is not always conven- ient to obtain the remedies prescribed, simple as they are, but if every home kept a family case of medicine — such, for in- stance, as the publishers of this paper will send you a description of upon request — vou would then have no trouble. Bed-WeHing'. — I have received many letters from anxious mothers regarding this unfortunate habit afflicting their chil- dren. I say to them, don't worry ; much less make insinuating and cruel remarks to the little ones regarding it. They cannot help it. What you consider laziness on their part is a form ot nervousness they cannot overcome until the system matures. Medicines are generally worse than useless. Simply bear their troubles patiently — yes, comfort and console them. A mother's kiss is vastly more effective than a lot of scold- ing- ■Eliciiiiiati!ini. — The kind of rainy, foggy weather that has recently prevailed is likely to make itself felt in the joints and muscles of the middle-aged. Where one can do it, the hugging ot a hot stove is one of the best remedies. Warmth is absolutely essential — the more intense the heat the better. A few drops ot bryonia every hour or two helps mightily to keep down the sharp pains that often attends tiie stiffness of tbe joints. Eai-nclio. too, is likely to attack the younger members of the family from the same cause. A little camphorated ointment melted in a teaspoon and pourei into the ear pretty warm, soon lets the child into happy slumbers. Dr. Peiro. 40 acres of laud suitable for the growing of oranges, lemons or olives ; situated in tian Oiego Co., Calif., with a well-equipt apiary of I ;0' colonies of bees in good coniition ; 3- room house, with good water. Apiary pro- duced over live tons of fine comb honev from 90 colonies of bops in 1895. Price. -S -".ODO. Address. nr. P. J. PAKKEK, llA3t 955 5th St.. S.\N Diego, C.\LiK. 'J.eftviivn the AmarUxxn, Bee Jvu/rruA, n.«v<^1<>■A«<^1c• -* riioiee Lot of thor t/OCKciCiS o'bred S. C. Brown Leg horns. $1.25 each. Eggs Irom same breed In season $1.25 lor 15. Also P1..\INTS— Straw- berry, Red and Ulack Cap Raspberry. Will stuff and mount birds and animals to order. Price for small birds and animals 60 cts., and upward according to size. nra. I.. C. AXTELL,, 7Att HoSEViLLE. Warren Co.. III. 176 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1897. ■B a^ pi pi A Copy of — - LULL Sncecssfiil Kee-Keeping, r n r r by W. Z. Hutchlusou ; I Ilk k and our 1897 Catalog', for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalo;^ tor the A»klii£. We make almost Everylliiiig used by Bec-Keepers, and at liOWOBi Prices. Our Falcon Polisht Sections ;ire warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have llie best— sutli as we make. The Aiuericau Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th yearj 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. Sample Free— Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Mentuiri, Hie Americo.n Beejour-w,. The^Daiizeiibaker^llive Has valuable features possest bj' DO other, and is surfily winning its way ; was awarded a Special Diploma, and 1st Premium t'orCOiaB HONEY, at Mich. State Fair, 1896 Address, Francis Daiizciibakcr, Medina, Oliio. Care Tlic A. I. Koot Compau}'. I ARISE To SA7 to the readure of the BEE JOURNAL thai doolittle: has concluded to sell — BKBS and QUKBN8- In their Bcason, durinM 1897, at thefollowlne priceB : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liBhtshippinK-bor $6 00 Five Coloniea 25 00 Ten Colonies 4500 1 untested queen. 1 110 6 '* queens 5 50 12 " " 1000 1 tested Queen... (i 50 3 " Queens . 3 5o 1 select tested queen 2 1 0 ^ 3 " " Queens 4 0(1 Belecttesietl queen, previous season's rearinj; . 4 0{i Sitra Selected for breedlnn. the VERT best. . 50ii About a Pound of BEUS In a Two-frame NucIeUB. with any Queen, $2.00 extra. tr circular free. KlvInK full particulars reear<:- iBR the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, llA'25t I'OHOIJINO, Onon. Co.. N. Y. BEST ON EARTH ! ! ]8 years the Standard. The 4-lni-h " Sinoki Eniflne." Is It too larjre ? Will It last to'i Ions'' Will save you lots of money and Im.l words. Send for Circular, (i sizes and prices ol Hinnham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BINGHAffI, Farwell, Iflirli. 5Atf Mention the American Bee JournaJ- Bee-Kcepere and Ai'iMiniiihitors In the U. S., It may 1)0 of advantuKu to you communicate with us If you have Pure Vollow Becswa.\ for sale. No Impure wanted. We are buyers. Address, BAICI.KT ic HKII>, 8 S. William St., - New York, N. Y. HuiMc/n itw. AiMirii^n Bet Journals 8 A 4 1 S Dadant's Foundation f^ Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IPi 20 "VEAR.S there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent "Weed Process of Stteeting-. SeiKl I\siiitn I'oi- Our C'atalog', i^aiiipIeN of Foiiiidation and Veil JVIaterinl. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. m eMowioMe 41 eMowioMi IK r=i Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We hav'e made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Snow-White. ,500 for $1,25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6.T5 Bfo. 1 Cream. 500 for §1,00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3,75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Pricc-I>i»( of Seelioii!!, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 6A3rjt ROOT'S GOODS ! ^^^^^ i^" Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Now. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply " out of sight," Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great Improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 18'J(J. Samples of the New Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. bk-a-n^ch: offices : 118 mieliijfan St., Oiiieaso, III. Syracuse, 'S. Y. 1024 Miss. Sir., St. Paul, Iflinn. Iflcclianic Falls, Maine. 10 Vine SI., Philadclpliia, Pa. Mention the American Bee Journal ^"I^ERICA.^ <5L>: 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 25, 1897. No. 12. REV. STEPHEN ROESE. We received notice last week of the death of Rev. Stephen Roese, of Salem, Pierce Co., Wis. He died March 9, 1897, after a lingering illness, aged nearly 08 years. Some years ago he was well known as a contributor to the columns of the American Bee Journal, and often translating interesting arti- cles from German periodicals. His first wife, formerly Kathrine Wurst, died Dec. 13, 1S6.5, at East Farmington, Wis., leaving him with four small children, namely : Augustus, Lizzie, Alfred and lua. He then moved to Davenport, Iowa, where he married Martha Olson, Dec. 2(5, 1866, who still survives him. By this union three children were born : J. C. Roese, Mrs. Minnie Wagner, and Rosa C. Roese, who preceded her father into the Valley of Death two years ago last December. In the American Bee Journal of April 6, 1889, there ap- peared the following sketch of Mr. Roese, written by himself : I was born July 3, 1829, in the town of Wohra, Electoral Hesse-Cassel. My parents were at one time well-to-do farm- ers ; my father having served in the great war against Napo- leon Bonaparte, from 1806 to 1815, in both the decisive battles of Leibzig and Waterloo. He was given to strong drink, which brought the family to want and loss of home. My good mother died when I was 10 years of age, and my father was accidentally killed (while Intoxicated) by a wagon being upset in a dug-out road, leaving me an orphan at the age of 13. While standing at my father's grave, and seeing my last earthly hope lowered into its bosom, I gave myself into the keeping of Him who has promist to be " a father to the fatherless," and vowed sacredly to God, by His help, that as whisky had killed my father, it should never kill me. This promise laid the foundation for my life of total abstinence. At the age of 20 I was drafted into the military service, in 184:9, at the time of the general revolution in Europe, and my five years of military service was a constant equipment, and moving to and fro during the Crimean war. On petition I was granted a furlough to go on a visit to Holland. At Rot- terdam I took passage for London, England, where I was in a strange land with a strange language, making my home near White Chapel, London. I met with a German missionary there, whom I assisted in his ardent labors, and belpt in the Sunday school. After three months in that noted city, I longed to cross the Atlantic, the land of the free, where my sister in Rockland county, N. Y., was waiting for me. On my arrival at New York, Oct. 30, 185.5, by recommendation of the German Lon- don Missionary Society, I was employed as colporteur among the Germans by the American Tract Society. During that four years I studied and fitted myself for a better work. By experience and change of views I became connected with the Baptist Mission, and entered the services of the American Baptist Publishing Society as missionary among the Germans in the Upper Mississsippi Valley, from which service I was compelled, by sickness, to retire two years ago. I am now doing Bible work for the same society, as my health and strength permits. For many years I had a longing desire to study the nature of honey-bees, but I feared their stings. At last I became owner of a colony of bees, which I moved in midwinter, and I wonder now how they lived through, for I nearly worried them to death, carrying them up and down stairs until, in the spring, hardly a handful of bees were left. They swarmed, but the next winter they all died. My desire to keep bees was so strong that I bought another colony the next spring. On taking them home, a distance of 13 miles, the roads being miry and bad, I ventured to drive on the ice of Lake Pepin. After getting on the ice (I did not know it was springy near the shore), I soon found myself with the horse, buggy and bees immerst in water. By the help of some skaters near by, I saved the horse, but my bees could not endure so much water, and I had to purchase another colony ; this, however, lived and did well until the following winter, when they all perisht. After that I ob- tained a colony of hybrids, and having heard and read of the Langstroth movable-frame hives, and many other improve- Rev. Stephen Roeae. ments, I was not slow to avail myself of these advantages, and I feel grateful for them, in which all modern bee-keepers are partakers, and which the venerable Father Langstroth was Instrumental in giving to the world. The instructive reading of bee-periodicals, the exchange of thought and experience of bee-keepers, queries and) an- swers, etc., all has a tendency to make bee-keeping one of the most fascinating industries in the world. Show me a success- ful bee-keeper and I will show you an intelligent person. Intelligence being the moving power In this great onward work, they are a combined brotherhood, ready to sacrifice and stand by each other in time of need. Comparing the tenor of the bee-periodicals at the present date with those of years gone by, it can be truly said that knowledge is increasing. 178 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 25, Amalgamatiou, Adulteration of Honey, Etc. BY REV. EMERSON TAYLOR ABBOTT. "Amalgamation " having failed, what next? The proper course to pursue seems very plain to me. In fact, I was iu favor of this course at Lincoln, for, as soon as I heard Mr. Newman's paper on the subject, I felt sure that under present circumstances, a " union " was not possible. X am in favor, as I was then, of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union going on with its work just the same as though there, were no other so- ciety in existence. We claim all the time that there are 300,000 bee-keepers in the United States. Only a very few of these belong to the old Union, and it would seem that there is abundant room and work for the new society. I know that the old society claim that they have some money, and that that is what we are after. It seems to me that it will not take the new society very long to have as much, or more, money, if they will go at it the right way. The rest of the 300,000 bee-keepers who do not belong to the old Union have the cash on hand, which they have not paid in for membprship, and all that is necessary is for them to hand over a dollar each to Dr. Mason, and then they will belong to a society that has more money than the old Union. But, says someone, " You people have no right to use the name 'Union,' as it belongs to the oW society, and you may get an injunction suit on your hands, if you persist in using It." Well, I am not so sure that we have no right to use the word Union, but as we used it only because it was thought it might prove an aid in amalgamating the two socities, I now move you, Mr. President, that we drop the word "Union" from our name, and use in its stead the word " Alliance." If I can get a second to this motion, I hope, Mr. President, you will put the question at once. Just try that name and see how it sounds — The United States Bee-Keepers' Alliance. Not bad, is it? This would give us a clear field and no cause for hard feelings, or the writ- ing of harsh things. If our friends of the old Union do not want to come with us, that we may do them good, then we will just go quietly but earnestly on our way, and try to do our- selves and the rest of the fraternity some good. What have the 76 members of the Uuited States Bee-Keepers' Union to say to this ? Let us have an expression on the subject. Now a word about the AIM OF THE NEW UNION. I very much fear some of our friends are getting a little rash in their talk about lawsuits, etc. Of course it sounds well and appeals to the masses in these days when everybody is wanting a law past to aid and abet his pet hobby. It is said sometimes that the way to prevent war is to keep a strong navy and a big standing army. This is my idea of a well-or- ganized bee-keepers' society. It would soon become a power in our body politic which would command respectful attention, and I apprehend that we would not then have to meet with some other society in order to get reduced rates ! It seems to me that there are enough of us to command some attention on our own account, if we can only get together. However, while we are doing this, in order to prevent other unlawful combines from injuring us, let us be a little careful that wc do not try to form an unlKwful combine. The iiirtsscs always have rights which are above those of the classes. Someone says that we want a powerful society so that we can imprison the adultera- tors, aTid rai.sc the price of lioney. Now, what has the law to do with "raising the price of honey"? For whose benefit should the price of honey be raised ? for the benefit of 300,- 000 beekeepers who are producers, or the benefit of the rest of seventy million people who are consumers, or should bo ? It seems to me that the man who sets this up as a motive for the prosecution of those who adulterate honey, takes a nar- row and altogether selfish view of the subject. If this is the only reason why the adulteration of honey should be stopt, then it would better go on, for the masses are Interested In getting honey as cheaply as they can. Another man proposes that wo besiege the balls of con- gress and have a law past making it unlawful to manufacture glucose. Why? "Because," he says, "it is used only for adulterating purposes." If that same man has watcht the papers very closely, he has no doubt learned that the commit- tee at Washington who have been working on a revised tariff law, in the interest of all the dear people, decided to put a protective tariff on chicory to protect (?) the farmers who are engaged in this industry. Now, what is chicory used for? Adulteration only, as every one knows. Funny country this, a law to suppress one adulterant and one to protect another ! But, says some one, chicory might be used as a substitute for coffee. So might glucose be used as a substitute for cane syrup, and it is not a bad substitute, either. Another says, " Are you in favor of adulteration?" No, sir, I am not ! but I do not think Congress or any State legisla- ture has a right to pass a law to suppress any harmless indus- try simply because that by so doing those who are engaged in some other industry will get more for their product. This is what I call class lerjislatlon, pure and simple, and twist it any way you will, it is contrary to the spirit, if not the letter, of the Constitution of the United States. Why, then, should the adulterators be punisht ? Because adulteration is a /?'(iud on sociefy. If any man wants to sell glucose he has a perfect right to do it, if it does cut down the profits on my product. If he wants to sell gluscose and honey mixt, he has the right to do it, but should be compelled to label it what it is. To sell it for anything else is a fraud, and should be recognized as such by society, and by the statutes of the United States, and of every State in the Union. Do we want to unite, then, to have laws past making it a crime to put false labels on honey alone ? No, sir, we do not. Here the idea of self comes in, and the interest of a class only is thought of. We want to unite that we may join forces with other in- dustries to have only one law past, to make it a criminal of- fense to put a false label on any kind of food or medicine. Such a law would be in the interest of all the people, and not simply in the interest of a class engaged in some special indus- try. This State is spending a great deal of money with the avowed purpose of helping the dairy industry ; but notwith- standing there is a law on our statute books making it a mis- demeanor to adulterate any kind of food or medicine, those who have the matter of the enforcement of the laws in hand pay no attention to the people who are openly and boldly mix- ing glucose and honey, labelling it "Honey," "Fine Clover Honey," or some other name, which they think will strike the fancy of the consumer. The agents of the State Board of Agriculture can scent oleoa long ways off, but they would not know glucose from honey if it was stuck square under their noses. It is about time, I think, that we begin to spend the money raised by taxation in the interest of all the people, and stop passing laws in the in- terest of special industries. Buchanan Co., Mo. [See editorial remarks on the foregoing article, on page 184.— Editor.1 Close Spacing to Get Bees Into the Supers. BY .1. E. POND. The following questions have been referred to me for reply : " Referring to page 22, Vol. XXXII, will Mr. Pond kindly tell us how he does it ? For 12 years he claims to have used with success a means of getting the bees into the supers, termed " close spacing," and I am anxious for more minute details. If it be really as good a device as Mr. P. claims it to be, it would be as well were the Hoffman frame rendered in future suitable for closer spacing. To that end the top-bar needs to be just so much shorter as to allow of the frames telescoping a little into each other, as it were ; shifting them to the right and left alternately. When returned to their normal position, a thin strip (equal in width to the bit sawn off, to allow of telescoping) has merely to be laid in the tin rabbet. "Who else among our experts has tried this close-spacing idea? Does it always succeed with them? What say the great experts, the oracles, hereanent ? S. A. Deacon." Some years ago, while experimenting in another direction, I found that spacing frames in the brood-chamber Just bee- space apart, did cause the bees to work at once in the surplus chamber. To get "just bee-space apart," I put a J^-lnch dummy in one side of a 10-frame Langstroth hive, and spaced the 10 frames evenly apart in the space left. The isy; THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 179 frames, however, must hang plumb and true, else the best effects will not be obtained. The facts are as above stated ; by so spacing, the queen used the cells for brood, close up to the top-bar ; very few braces were built, and the surplus chambers were immediately used. In order to get correct spacing, I shaved each comb so that it was just Ji Inch thiclf. My theory is this: It has been proved to my own satisfaction, that no matter how deep the brood-cells are left, brood is never sealed up over 7/16 inch in depth, while surplus is stored to full depth of cells, even if the cells are J^-inch deep or deeper. Now by spacing the frames in the brood-chamber, so that the cells can only bo made 7 '16-inch deep, such cells will all be used for brood ; provided, of course, the surplus chamber is put in position while the flowers are secreting nectar. I find the bees prefer the deeper cells to store honey in, and will use them in preference to the shallower cells for that purpose, and as they evidently aim to place their brood close up to their stores, they use the whole brood-chamber for that purpose, under the conditions above described. I have been called a "crank" for expressing the above opinion, but the facts remain as above stated, and I am satis- fied with this theory, till a better one is offered. Let the querist try it, and give the results he finds by so doing. I have had considerable correspondence on the subject, and have yet to learn of different results, where the idea I have exprest is fully carried out ; but to give those results, the plan I have indicated should be strictly adhered to. Bristol Co., Mass. How the New Deep-Cell Foundation is Made. BY E. B. WEED. Editor American Bee Journal : — In your issue of March 11, under the head of "The Proposed Deep-Cell Foundation," Mr. Hutchinson contributes an article so full of inaccuracies that I beg space to make some corrections, altho he leaves a loop-hole for escape by saying, " At least, that is the way it looks to me;" "I presume, but, of course, don't know posi- tively," etc. He omits to say further that his statements are the merest guess-work, in which " the wish Is father to the thought." First, he tries to convey the impression that he has some idea of the way the new foundation is made, and gives an altogether erroneous impression. It is made much as the Given foundation is — both sidewalls and base being formed at one operation. On page 148, details regarding the size are given that contradict another of Mr. Hutchinson's surmises. But he makes another statement that he does not qualify, viz.: He asserts that the comb from these deep cells remains unchanged by the bees. How they do it, I cannot say ; but I know, and so do many others, that the deep-cell walls are so reworkt that they cannot be distinguisht from natural cells. The truth of the whole matter is, we hope to have a new machine for making foundation. With it we aim to produce foundation with any thickness of base and any depth and weight of cell. After considerable experiment. The A. I. Root Co. lookt upon a foundation having cells about one-fourth inch deep as probably the most valuable for the production of comb honey, and decided to introduce it this season, rather to test the matter than with a view to encouraging opposition. Medina Co., Ohio, March 15. Another Chapter on Honey as Food. BY PROF. A. .J. COOK. Every bee-keeper — indeed every person who has the care of any kind of live stock — is interested in food. In fact, no such limitation as the above need be given, for we all have to feed our own bodies, and the principles of nourishment are very much the same throughout the animal kingdom, from the lowest protozoan up to man himself. All foods consist, when perfect, of four classes of ele- ments, viz : the inorganic elements — which are already capa- ble of being absorbed and need no digestion ; the carbo-hy- drates— sugars and starches; the fats — which are often clast with the last as the hydro-carbons — and the albuminoids. Ev- ery perfect food must have all of these elements. Thus wo find these in milk and in eggs as these foods at times furnish all of the food of animals, if we except oxygen, which Is really the most important of all, though we are not in the habit of speaking of it as a food. In this article we are only interested in the carbo-hydrates. The carbo-hydrates are so called because they consist of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon ; and the oxygen and hydrogen are always in proportion to form water. Thus the symbol of water is Ha O, and of sugar — the sugar of honey — Cio HioO.',. In both these cases we see that there is just twice as many atoms of oxygen as there are of hydrogen. As stated above, this class of foods is made up of starch and the sugars. Honey consists mainly of sugar, and so belongs to this group. As we all know, there are two groups of sugars — the cane- sugars and the glucose or grape sugars. Cane-sugar has a slightly different chemical formula from glucose sugar, and is sweeter, and not so easily assimilated by the tissues, and so must be digested before It is ready to be used by the body. It is well known that we use a great deal more of cane-sugar than we do of any other at the present time. In the olden days people ate honey, which consists of the glucose series of sugars, and needs no digestion. Thus many think, and with much show of reason, that honey is a much safer food than cane-sugar, and as it is more ready for the body and does not require energy in its preparation. The cane-sugars are often referred to as beet-sugar and cane-sugar, depending upon their origin. If secured from the beet, we speak of it as beet-sugar; if from the sugar-cane, as cane-sugar. This, however, is mis- leading, for both sugars, if prepared with equal care, are ex- actly identical. If there is an odor or other peculiarity of beet-sugar not known to cane-sugar, (of course this latter term is wrongly used, as both are cane-sugars), it is simply because clarifica- tion has not been complete. It is a common opinion in Cali- fornia that fruit put up with beet-sugar is less likely to keep well than when put up with the sugar from the sugar-cane. I doubt if there is anything in this. I have used the beet-sugar the last two years freely in putting up fruit, and have lost none at all. We do find, however, in preparing the fruits that there is quite an unpleasant odor ; as already stated, this must be owing to some lack in preparation. It is well to state here that when fruit spoils, it is owing to the presence of vegetable germs — microbes — which should never be present in fruit. If the fruit is thoroughly heated — it should be boiled for some minutes — and then sealed hermetically, so that the microbes cannot get into the cans, the fruit will never mold, ferment or decompose. Glucose or grape sugar is used to refer to several kinds of sugars, which have usually been regarded by the chemist as identical. These are corn-glucose or the glucoseof commerce, glucose of digestion (which is transformed cane-sugar or starch, acted upon by the animal juices of the intestines); honey, which is probably the same as the last mentioned, as the bees gather the cane-sugar from the flowers and transmute it by a digestive process into the wholesome and delicious honey ; and liver sugar, which is a product of the liver. This last may be almost identical with honey-sugar. At least, like honey-sugar it is very easily assimilated, and so is just what the body needs for its nourishment. As stated above, the chemist speaks of all these sugars as glucose or grape sugar, because they all act similarly in re- ducing the copper salts, which is the common test for this group of sugars. Cane-sugar does not respond to this test, and so is easily distiuguisht by the chemist from any of the glucose sugars. It is safe to say, however, that these sugars are not all identical. Every well-informed bee-keeper knows that while honey is a safe food fer his bees, commercial glu- cose is far from safe. Indeed, the bees refuse to take commer- cial glucose if they can get anything else. They seem to know that it is an unwholesome food, and thus only take it as a mat- ter of necessity. They seem to say, "Better this then starva- tion." It is probable that if bees can fly regularly, commer- cial glucose might be a safe food ; but it is certainly far from this when fed for winter supplies ; in which case the bees have nothing else to feed upon for long weeks, possibly months of confinement. Thus we have another reason for crying aloud and sparing not regarding the adulteration of honey and other food pro- ducts by use of commercial glucose. Such action is uot only a base fraud, but is also pernicious, in that it is giving to the people an unsafe food. If glucose will kill bees, it stands to reason that it is very probably deleterious to all animals, and should be relegated to the limbo of "innocuous dessuetude." It seems to me that it is not only the privilege but the duty of every person to work with a will— to fight by every possible means— the nefarious practice of adulterating food products with commercial glucose. I believe the Bee-Keepers' Union should at once commence this work, for it means a hard fight, and the Union alone can undertake such a battle with any considerable hope of success. I feel very certain that the Un- 180 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 25, ion can wage such a war/are and bring the iniquitous practice to an end. Honey, as I have stated above, is a glucose-like sugar, and very likely identical with the sugar of digestion which we ob- tain when we take either starch or cane-sugar into our digestive cavity. It is found that sugar of honey is really two sugars, both of a glucose character ; that is, both reduce the copper salts. But one of these sugars (dextrose) rotates the ray of light In the polariscope to the right, while the other (levulose) rotates the ray to the left. We see clearly then here that there are two kinds of sugar. Levulose is usually called " fruit-su- gar," because it is very abundant in various fruits; it is very apparent that it is a very wholesome sugar, else fruit would not be such a rare and admirable diet. Dextrose is more easily crystallizable than is levulose, and thus when honey granulates, or candies, as we term it, (these are simply other terms for crystallizatiOD)the dextrose crystal- lizes in the levulose. This is no disadvantage to honey ; in fact is one of the best tests that the honey is genuine. VVith very few exceptions all honey will granulate when cooled down be- low 60 ', and often at a higher temperature. Thus the fact that honey granulates is very good proof that it is genuine honey. The Thurbers, of New York, in apologizing for adul- teration of honey, stated that they did it to prevent granula- tion. Customers did not like the honey to solidify, and by ad- ding the commercial glucose (which as we have seen, is un- wholesome if not actually poisonous) they retain the honey in the liquid form. Granulation does no harm to honey. Gran- ulated honey can be easily reduced to the liquid state by heat- ing, and if this is carefully done — the product should never be raised to more than ISO- F. -it does no injury to the honey. I have found it true that if the honey is once liquefied and then sealed closely, it is very much less likely to re-granulate, even though the temperature be reduced below freezing. I have never been able to explain why this should be so. From what has been said above, it will be seen that if we keep honey in a warm place, it will very likely retain its fluid condition indefinitely. I have thus kept ordinary honey for over a year which showed no sign of granulation. It is also true that occasionally we have honey that does not granulate at all. I do not know the cause of this, but venture the sug- gestion that honey is largely composed of levulose and has but little dextrose. I suppose it is the product of certain flowers, but may be owing to the kind of manipulation undergone while being transformed by the bees. Some of our best physicians think, as they told me, that some of our worst diseases, like Bright's disease of the kid- neys— which, as they claim, is more prevalent now than in the past ages of the world — is owing to the large consumption of cane-sugar. However this may be, I think we are safe in say- ing that honey is a safer sugar than cane-sugar. We know that sugar is a very necessary food ; this is evident from the fact that the liver is very early to appear and very large in the newly-formed embryo ; and what gives added force to the ar- gument is the fact that a wholly pre-natal organ (the placen- ta) produces sugar before the liver is able to furnish a suffi- cient supply. The fact, too, that the young child so craves sweets, is another proof that sugar is a very important food element. Children then, should have all the sugar tbey desire to eat, but of course this should only be given to them at meal time. We shall be a much healthier people when we learu to to take our food at regular periods, the same time each day. We all know that early childhood is a very susceptible period. All the organs at that time seem sympathetic. The cutting of a tooth may bring spasms and possibly death. Is it not wise, then, while we must give our children plenty of sweet, to give them honey ? I believe that no parent can do a wiser thing than to furnish his young children with all the honey they desire to eat, giving it freely at each meal, but only at meal-time. Honey is surely a safe sugar. The conclusions, then, that we arrive at in this article are as follows : First, adulteration of food by commercial glucose is not only a fraud but a dangerous practice, and should be remedied at all hazards. Second, the Bee-Keepers' Union is just the organization to commence this warfare, and carry it to a successful issue. Let us bravely on to the conflict, and not cry halt till this in- Iqultious practice shall utterly cease. Thirdly, it seems more than probable that honey is a much safer food than is cane-sugar, and may well replace the latter whenever appetite will give its consent. This is specially true with children. Children should have all the sweets they crave, and honey may well be the source of such sweets. This should be given ad UhUiuii, but only at meal-time. Los Angeles Co., Cal. The Salt-Water Cure for Foul Brood. By J. A. GOLDEN. For the past year I have been searching and reading all the articles at my command on the cure of foul brood, bee- paralysis and other diseases, that have called the attention of apiarists to study the nature and cure for the various diseases of a virus nature that has attackt and destroyed thousands upon thousands of colonies of bees. I cannot find that elec- trolyzed clorid sodium water (salt water) has ever been tried or even spoken of in any article I have read on foul brood, and as no foul brood has ever been known to exist in this sec- tion of country, and not a single case of bee-paralysis can be found since my plain salt water cure has been used by every apiarist in all this section as a preventive and cure, I have had no opportunity to test it, altho, ofttimes, I have wisht for a single case of the most malignant form of each, so that I could thoroughly testthe above remedy ; but as I have neither, I write this short article to call the attention of those that may have the foregoing diseases among their bees, that a test may be made and results reported. As T. S. Ford, of Mississippi, has been tussling to eradi- cate bee-paralysis from his apiary for sometime, I hope he will give the electrolyzed clorid of sodium remedy a fair test and report all the particulars of his test, the course pursued, etc. Hear what Dr. Proger, of Asniers, says of electrolyzed clorid of sodium water: "It is neither caustic nor irritat- ing ; it may be applied to mucous membrane, as to the skin ; it instantly removes all bad odors, stops all putrescent fer- mentation, kills microbes more effectually and rapidly than any other antiseptic, cleanses and heals fetid wounds, and ulcerous sores, and, in fact, is an Ideal antiseptic in a medical point of view." Having such a testimony from the experience of so high an author as the renowned Dr. Proger, would it not be wis- dom on the part of apiarists to give the remedy a careful and thorough test ? Having never failed to cure a single case of bee-paralysis by the use of salt water, in all of my experience with the malady, I look forward for great results from the use of the new discovery — electrolyzed clorid of sodium. COMB HONEY MANAGEMENT. As I have never read Dr. Tinker's work, " Bee-Keeping for Profit," I could not give an intelligent answer to E. B.'s question on page 55, therefore I would suggest that E. B. set apart one colony, and give my method a practical test as de- scribed in the article mentioned, which is the most satisfactory way to settle questions of this kind, and save valuable space which would be necessary to give intelligent information through the bee-papers. Morgan Co., Ohio. WlBtering Bees— Producing Comb Honey. BY FRANK COLE. The winter of 1894 and 1895 I wintered my bees in the cellar with both hive tops and bottoms off, with very little loss. In 1895 and 1890 I wintered my bees with the tops on, filled with dry sawdust, with no loss. This winter I am wintering 10 colonies outdoors. I placed the hives on some 2x4, edgewise, that leaves the hive, 4 inches from the ground, setting the hives 12 inches apart, in a row. Next I drove some stakes in the ground 6 inches from the hives, then put boards up against these stakes till they were above the top of the hive, then filled in and around, and covered up the whole top of the hive with good, dry sawdust. I left the entrance open. To do this I was careful to set the hives in a straight row so I can put an 8-inch wide board down flat edge against the front of the hive, and have it touch all of the hives square against the front end, so the sawdust will not rattle down in the en- trance. The bottom-boards project out in front of the hives 6 inches or so, and on these I put some small strips like a short piece of lath, or X-inch lumber cut in small strips, these going in under the 8-inch board. That leaves a good space for the bees to fly out in winter. The hive is packt with saw- dust all around in under and around the 2x4's, and the mois- ture from the ground cannot come in contact with the bottom- boards. I think from all appearance these bees are coming through in No. 1 condition. Bees in this locality have to be packt well or they are " goners." They cannot stand the cold in single-walled hives, as the mercury gets to 30 below zero here sometimes. The forepart of last season bees did very well, but the .atter part was a failure. My crop was 2,500 pounds of comb isy7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 181 honey. The extractor I don't use. I run my bees for comb honey entirely. I am not bothered with swarms. I find if I keep on plenty of supers, and raise the hive one inch or so from the bottom-boards, by placing small blocks under the corners of the hives, there won't be more than one colony in 10 to swarm. Dr. C. C. Miller, on page 42, says he wants to put more supers on when the first one is % or % full. Now I notice if I wait until the first supers get that full, almost invariably they will have queen-cells started, then out they go. Perhaps lu all localities things don't work the same. I want the sec- ond super on before the first one is half full; after that the bees will stand a little more crowding. I don't want luueh honey capt in the super next to the brood-frames, for I notice the first day it is capt it will show travel-stain to a certain extent. Another thing in the production of white honey is to keep the bottom-boards clean. Clean them every spring, of all burr-combs, bee-glue, old cappings, etc. To plane them is a good thing. If the bottom-boards are covered with dead bees, mold and filth, and the combs and frames are all daubed up, the apiarist will not get anything very fancy, no matter how white his honey would be. To get white honey we must keep thiugs neat and right on our part, and the bees will do theirs. I have a colony of bees that I call my comb-builders. I have known them to build about 860 square inches of comb in 2-l! hours. I tried an experiment last summer, and if it proves a success the coming season I shall report. It is on comb-building. I will send a bee taken from the hive when the experiment was going on, with the segments of wax highly developt. I wish you would pass it around. Send it to Ur. Miller. Mecosta Co., Mich., Feb. 8. [Mr. Cole, we are sorry to say the bee you refer to never reacht our office. — Editor.] Proceedings of the Colorado State Bee-Keep- ers' Conveatiou. REPORTED BY F. L. THOMPSON. The I7ih annual convention of the Colorado State Bee- Keepers' Association was held in Denver, Jan. 25 and 20, 1897. Pres. Aikin being absent, the chair was occupied by Vice- Pres. W. L Porter. The following paper was read by Mr. D. L. Tracy, of Jefferson County : TALL VS. SQUARE SECTIONS. When a change in any branch of business, article of machinery, or manner of living, is contemplated, there is a cause that leads to this desire for a change. If we go into any business firm, we find, if they are prosperous, i.e., mak- ing a little more than their expenses, that there is no desire with the-n to change their manner of business. If we visit the mechanic beside his article of machinery, we find that no change is thought or talkt of unless an idea has been ad- vanced that would make the machinery more perfect, there- fore more valuable. This is the case generally in the business world. Occasionally there is an exception to this rule. All busi- ness, all classes of life, are composed of individual members, and each individual has his individuality ; and while 95 per cent, of these individuals may go about in their chosen voca- tion with a sort of sameness, yet the other 5 per cent, sit, as It were, upon a sort of an eccentric, and they balance or turn according to circumstances. Notoriety, originality, oddity, and rjaln are a few of the incentives that cause the eccentric to turn one way or the other. I will ask the question. Is there a need of a change from the square to the long section ? If so, what demands it, and what would be gained by a change? Would there be an in- crease in the amount of surplus honey (the question of all questions to the apiarist), and if so, how ? What would cause the increase ? Would a chunk of honey two inches square and eight inches long sell better in that shape than would the familiar -1x4 section ? Or is It the idea to sell honey by the inch rather than by the pound, and thus save the necessity of buying a pair of scales ? Or is it a scheme of some manufac- turing supply house, directly or indirectly, to open a way that they may have an opportunity to remodel the hive super — in fact, all that is connected with the hive, and thus create a demand for new fixtures ? I may lack in charity, but the last question is my belief what has caused the subject to be brought out in some of the bee-papers of the land. To try to make myself more plainly understood, please allow me a broader range than what the subject, "Tall vs. Square Sec- tions," would seem to allow. I have used some of nearly all of the different styles of frames for the inside — brood-chamber — of the hive, like many of the up-to-date bee-keepers who have tried to be practical, and have felt, when a new frame has been placed upon the market, that there must be some merit in that frame, and have laid in a supply for the next season's use, with the result that after one season they were cast in the rubbish-pile. Any one who ever handled a comb and brood, be he the most ignorant " Novice," would know that a frame with a top- bar % of an inch thick would not bear the weight required in a frame for the Simplicity or Dovetailed hive, yet they were sent out by tens of thousands ! They were made to help make the supply business pay. Many changes have been made in the brood-frame, and while I admit that some of these changes were for the better, yet in the main the frame of to-day is not as practical as the old V-shaped top-bar frame, invented by, I think, the Rev. Mr. Langstroth, years ago. Had this old frame been made with a thick — say 3^-inch top-bar — then the V-shaped bar added, it would have been, to my way of think- ing, the best top-bar ever made. All along the skirmish line of the apiarist lay his experi- ence in the shape of hives, supers, T-tins, separators and frames, while his dollars have gone to build up the supply dealer, and now a new hook, or perhaps crook, has come, and this is in the tall vs. square section. You will see what my idea of a change from the old common-sense section to a new dimension is. You have the right to say that as I have had experience with only the 4x4 section that I know nothing about the matter whatever. I will agree with you in this, but will add that there are a few thiugs that a person with half horse-sense can stagger a good guess at. If I were in the supply business, I presume that I might advocate the change, as it would necessitate the demand for a new style of super, a number of changes in the inside furni- ture of a hive, crates, etc. But as I try to produce a little surplus comb honey to sell, I shall not advocate a change in the shape of the section now used. There is one point that I wish to speak of, and that is in regard to the handling of sections. The 4x4 section is as near perfection, it seems to me, as could be arranged, as far as the handling is concerned. It is about the right size and shape for the adult hand to hold while scraping off propolis and putting in shape for the crate ; then it will stand upon its own foundation when set down. Contrast that with a 2x8 or a 3x5 section, and you will find that that section will stand " a-laying." Twenty-four of the sections of the style of to- day make a convenient and desirable sized crate of honey to be placed upon the market. I think that those who advocate the tall section must profess to be gods, and they wish to kill the bee-industry with that old chestnut, "Whom the gods wish to destroy, they first make mad." My acquaintance with the members of the bee-fraternity has been such that I do not think that Moses could hold a candle to them in meekness, but, oh my! let them go to set- ting up, or setting down, 2x8 section comb honey 1 Well, I will not try to enlarge upon it, but I think if you were near, you could see considerable blue floating around that Moses, and it would not be ethereal blue, either. D. L. Tract. Mrs. Booth — The 4 '4x4 '4' section is good enough for me. Mr. Adams — I have concluded to stay with the present style. I can see no advantage in the change. I think the square section is just as beautiful. Mr. Rhodes — There is something in the suggestion Mr. Tracy makes in regard to supply houses favoring changes There were difficulties In the change from the 2-pound sectiou to the 1-pound. Vice-Pres. Porter — I do not want to stand in the way of any progress in our industry, but I think the originator does not bring out any good reason for the change. 182 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 2d, Mr. Sylvester— The only argument is in favor of the dealer. Vice-Pres. Porter — The tall section is claimed to look a little handsomer. I think we should work more for a general standard in our supplies ; but as it is now we have continual changes. I recommend a resolution to condemn this change. Mrs. Booth then explained her way of serving honey at the table, in individual dishes, like those for butter. Mr. Tracy — I favor a good, strong resolution. The following resolution by Mr. Tracy was adopted : Resolved, That the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion denounce the scheme of some of the supply houses of the land of changing the present style of the standard Hi section to any other style. Mr. F. Rauchfuss — Speaking of changes, here is a sample of comb honey in a Ferguson section. As the Ferguson super Is used in Utah, Mr. Dudley may be able to tell us something of how It is regarded. Mr. Dudley (Secretary of the Utah Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion)— To some extent the Ferguson super is used in Utah, but I do not think it will be adopted to any great extent. The tall section has the advantage that you can put a greater surface in a super. Mrs. Booth — I do not favor the Ferguson section. Mr. Sylvester— The Ferguson super might be all right if one does not tier up. Vice-Pres. Porter — There is a difference in the city mar- kets. Some require glast sections, and others carton's, and different kinds of cases are in vogue in different places. LAWS AGAINST AULTEKATION. In the afternoon session, the legislative committee, con- sisting of .T.B.Adams, H. Rauchfuss and F.L.Thompson, made their report. The committee had laokt up the adultera- tion law. In their judgment, the statutes already in force were sufficient. Of these, an Act passed in 1887 is to be found in Mills' Annotated Statutes of Colorado, Vol. I, Sees. 12, 13 and 14 ; or in the Session reports of 1887, pages 16 and 17. These, in brief, define the sale of articles of food and drink mixt withsubstances injuriousto health as a felony, to be punisht by hard labor in the penitentiary for not more than five years ; the sale of adulterated articles of food and drink, without marking the same as such, as a misdemeanor, to be punisht by a fine of not more than $500, or by impris- onment in the county jail for not more than six months, or both ; and the sale of imitations of articles of food and drink, without a statement to that effect on the label or otherwise, as a misdemeanor, to be punisht with a fine cf not more than §500. An Act past in 1898 is to be found in Mills" Annotated Statutes, Vol. 3, page 9-14 and following; or in the Session Report of 1893, pages 392, 393, and 391. This Act makes fraudulent adulteration of food or drink, for the purpose of sale, punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year, or a fine not exceeding !B300, and the adulter- ated article is to be forfeited and destroyed ; and it goes on to virtually repeat, in the main, but more in detail, the former Act in somewhat different language, extending it to medicine also. A general penalty clause near the end states that viola- tion of any provision of any of the foregoing sections of this Act shall be punisht by a fine of not more than $50, or im- prisonment in the county jail not exceeding three months. The last section makes it the duty of the district attorneys of the State to appear for the people and attend to the prosecu- tion of all complaints under this Act in all the courts In their respective counties. The sections of this Act which most in- terest bee-keepers are as follows : "No person shall mix, color, stain or powder any article of food, drink, or medicine, or any article which enters into the composition of food, drink, or medicine with any other ingre- dient or material, whether too injurious to health or not, for the purpose of gain or profit, or sell or offer the same for sale, or order or permit any other person to sell or offer for sale any article so mixt, colored, stained or powdered, unless the same be so manufacturpf 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : .50 for 20 cents ; 100 for 35 cents ; or 200 for fiO cents. I ay 7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 183 CONDUCTED BY D/e. O. O. MHI-EK, M.AJLB'SGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.] '^ Highly Italianized Bees." What are highly Italianized bees?" R. M. E. Answer. — I don't know. If you take a piece of board and cut it exactly square, I suppose that piece of board might be said to be squared. Now what would you mean if you should say it was highly squared ? Ifyou answer that question, I'll answer the other. If you have a colony of bees that is not of Italian stock, and give to it a pure Italian queen, then that colony is Italianized. If the queen isn't Italian, then the col- ony isn't Italianized, and if she is, then the colony can't be any more highly Italianized. Whoever used the term perhaps had in mind bees of high grade. For in bees of mixt blood there may be all degrees, from pure black to pure Italian, and the greater the predominance of Italian blood the higher the grade. ^^B ■ ^^m Feeding a Substitute for Pollen in the Hive. Can bees bo fed a substitute for pollen inside the hive ? I have often heard men say they had, or had known others to do so — generally using corn-bread soakt in syrup or honey. I have tried it, but I think the bees only cut the bread away so as to get the sweet out of it. B. Answer. — Yes, yon can give bees a substitute for pollen In the hive, but hardly in the shape of corn-bread. In England I think pea-meal is mixt with syrup or honey, and if you can't readily get pea-meal you can use rye or wheat flour in honey or sugar syrup. Don't use enough flour to thicken the honey. Most bee-keepers prefer to feed the substitute for pollen out- side, in the shape of ground corn and oats, ground corn, or other ground grain unbolted. Perhaps I ought to have said most bee-keepers who give artificial pollen, for the great ma- jority probably never meddle with the matter at all, and gen- erally bees have all the pollen they need. A Quintet of Questions. 1. Will wide frames, the short way in the super, and orood-frames the long way in the body of the standard hive, work well ? 2. Do you practice clipping your queen's wings? 3. I noticed, in an observatory hive, bees going into the cells head first, and remaining there hours. What were they doing ? 4. When the queen moves over the combs, the workers give her a wide berth. Is this through fear or respect ? When one does not discover the queen until she is in immediate proximity, it is really amusing to see the little thing "git up and git," as tho she had committed some grave indiscretion. 5. I have an acre lot that I wish to set in clover, as much for bee-pasturage as for hay — in fact, equally for both. What kind would you advise me to use ? We have no clover in this part of the country. It is claimed by some that our long, hot summers will kill out clover. I do not believe it, and will try it. If not from you, where will I get the fullest information about the subject, that is, the amount of seed to the acrp, when to sow, how, etc.? Arkansas. Answers. — 1. Yes, all right. But in that case you must be careful to have your hive level in both directions, from front to rear, and from side to side. I've seen it claiaied in foreign bee-journals that when this arrangement is used the queen will not go up into the super. Just why it is thought so is not explained. It's a raretbing for a queen to go up into one of my supers when sections and frames run the same way. and I don't see why it should be different when sections cross brood-frames. 2. Yes, indeed ; I wouldn't leave my queens unclipt for a good bit of money. Saves many a swarm. 3. I don't know of anything they could be doing for that length of time, unless resting. Wish you had noticed whether the cells were empty after the bees came out. 4. I've seen a queen run from workers as if through fear, but I never saw a worker that appeared to be afraid of a queen. A queen stopping for any length of time in one spot seems to have a circle of admirers gather around her, and, as she moves about, each worker soeuis inclined to turn its head toward her as if from respect. Often, however, she brushes by some of the workers that don't seem to notice her at all, evidently not seeing her. I don't believe I ever saw a case where the bees seemed to try to get away from her, but I have often seen them climb all over her, as if fondling her. 5. Taking into consideration tho honey to be obtained, I believe I'd try sweet clover. It will give a longer yield than perhaps any other clover, and is worth trying for hay. Back numbers of the American Bee Journal give full information as to sowing, etc. On page 754, for Nov. 26, 1896, you will see Mr. Stolley says : " I have found that the driest seasons, and when nearly all other crops fail, sweet clover Is at its best ;" so your hot summers may be just the thing for it. Taxing Bees in Iowa. Is there any law on taxing bees? Are they taxable, or not? If they are, why are they ? If they are not, why are they not? They are taxt here, .■:? LUG a colony. Iowa. Answer. — I don't know why bees shouldn't be taxt just as any other live stock, but as a matter of fact I think they are not taxt in Iowa. At any rate, I have an impression that a peculiar wording of the law in that State made them non-tax- able. Possibly the law has been changed, for my information, if I remember correctly, dates back several years. It ought not to be a difficult thing to find a copy of the law near by, and that would settle it. Getting Sweet Clover Seed to Grow. Last spring I had nicely prepared about one acre of ground and sowed it to sweet clover, and I don't think there were two dozen plants that came up on the whole piece, and that all died out before fall ; but I got the finest piece of rag- weed you ever saw. After sowing the clover in the spring, we had no rain for five or six weeks, and this is why I thought it came up no bet- ter. But what caused that that did come to die out? Some of it got to be from 5 to 10 inches high. Do you think if I would go over this ground in the spring with a harrow two or three times, then sow the seed, going over it again with har- row or brush, that this would do, as the ground has not be- come very hard ? or should I plow it over again ? 1 think there is no sweet clover in New Hampshire. N. H. Answer. — I don't know for certain what the trouble was. From some experience of my own, I'm inclined to think the trouble was that you treated the sweet clover too well. If you had simply thrown the seed on the hard ground very early in the spring, and then when the ground was quite muddy had turned in a lot of horses or cattle to tramp all over it, you might have had a good stand. And it is just possible that the few plants that came up were killed because the ground was too soft. If your ground is mellow, the seed should be cov- ered deep. I don't know how deep, but no surface scratching will do as for other clover. Light covering will do if the ground is hard, and it seems almost impossible to have ground so bard that sweet clover will not grow in it. If I were you, I believe I'd try part of that piece without plowing, sowing the seed as early as possible, then scratching in the seed, or still better, having it trodden in by live stock. The other part I'd make mellow, sow, then turn under with a plow or cultiva- tor. Perhaps that on the hard ground will be the surest catch, but the other may make the best growth. Be sure to report if you get a good catch, no matter which way you sow, for there seems to be a good deal of trouble about getting the seed to grow, altho when left to itself there is no trouble. Xlie AIcKvoy Foul Brood Xreattuent Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price. 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year — be th for $1.10. 184 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 25, CEORCB W. YORK, - Editor. PUBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 118 arioaig^an St., - CHICAGO. LLl.. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Hntered at the Post-OfBce at ChlcaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter. Vol. nXVII, CHICAGO, ILL, MAR. 25, 1897. No, 12, Editorial Con}n)cr)t^^ "Oh! for a Thousand Tongues" was prob- ably first said by a man who liked honey. « ■ > Sample Copies of the Bee Journal for last week were mailed to the extent of several thousand, and it may be that some who are already regular subscribers re- ceived an extra copy. If so, we hope such will kindly hand it to a neighbor bee-keeper who is not yet among our readers, and try to get him to subscribe at once under one of the special offers made therein. We will appreciate it very much if those receiving extra copies at any time will do this. Oood 'Advice to Beginners.— As Mr. G. M. Doolittle has been all through bee-keeping, his advice can be relied upon almost invariably. Here is a chunk of wisdom he hands out to beginners who ask about starting in bee- keeping : " I am about to commence in beekeeping. How many colonies would it be best for me to start with ?" The above is the substance of many letters which I re- ceive. I would advise a beginner to commence with a small number of colonies — say from two to five; as, however well he may study and understand the theory of bee-keeping, he will find that practical experience is necessary, and the knowledge he will obtain in handling a small number of colonies and multiplying them, will give him the requisite experience to manage them when his colonies become numerous. If he makes blunders with a few, before he becomes expert, the loss will not be so great ; when if he should commit the same blunders with a great number, it might prove too costly a tuition fee lo pay for the experience acquired, and turn him from the pursuit in disgust. — Progressive Bee-Keeper. *-•-*• Xame of the Ne^ Union.— On page 178, Mr. Abbott suggests that the name of the New Union be changed to " United States Bee-Keepers' Allinnce." That is a good name, but we have been thinking that if ever it is considered best to make any change, "United .States Bee-Keepers' Lcnijuc" would be about the right thing. We talkt the " League" name over with Dr. Miller when on our way back from the recent HIIdoIs convention, and he approved of it, if any change were to be made. Perhaps he would prefer, or like just as well, the name "Alliance." But like any other member, the Doctor] is only o?ic, and of course the majority would decide in a case of this kind. But why not let the word " Union " stand ? No society has a patent or copyright on that? Are there not various kinds of unions in the land ? Surely, any society has a per- fect right to use the word if so it pleases. It is the same way with the word " Association." Nearly every State bee-keep- ers' organization uses this word in its name, and no fault is found, we believe, and no conflict ever arises. Neither need there be any trouble because there are two " Unions " among bee-keepers. Take it all in all, we believe it is just as well to let the name stand as it is for the present — at least nothing can be done about it until the election next December, we think. The matter could be considered at the Buffalo meeting, and a recommendation be made there, which could be voted on in December, as stated. In the meantime, let every one who has not already done so, send a dollar for membership dues, to the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio. He's just aching to have a large membership and a full treasury. In a very short time now we hope to be able to announce that the United States Bee-Keepers' Union is ready for busi- ness, with a hustling General Manager and an efficient Board of Directors. < . > The Subject of Dra-wn Combs seems now to be pretty much in evidence in various bee-papers, and their value doesn't seem to be questioned any. Here is what Editor Hutchinson, in the Review, says his experience has been : I have for years saved the half-finisht sections from the previous year, and used them in the spring to give the bees a start in the supers. I have never had enough to give a case to each colony ; if I had enough to give half of the colonies these half-drawn combs I did well. In this way I have had ample apportunity to note the value of drawn combs in this particular place. I have this to say ; As a rule, a colony given a case of drawn combs will fill those combs with honey, and have them sealed and ready to come off, and will have commenced work in the case of sections f urnisht with foundation that has been placed beneath the case of drawn combs, by the time a similar colony will have commenced work in a case of sections simply furnisht with foundation. In my experience, a case of drawn combs in the spring is as valuable as a case of finisht sections, as it enables me to get one more case of honey from that colony, nay, more— the giving of these combs relieves the pressure upon the brood- nest, and results in the brood-combs being more perfectly filled with brood at a time when more brood means more workers in the basswood harvest. A Trans-Mississippi Exposition is being organized to take place in Omaha, Nebr., from June 1 to Nov. 1, ISitS. It promises to rival the famous Columbian Exposi- tion held in Chicago in 1893. The total stock subscriptions already amount to about $500,000. Congress has appro- priated .?200,000 to defray the expenses of a national ex- hibit. The Government will erect a great building for its exhibit. The State of Nebraska will appropriate .§200,000, while Omaha and Douglas county will vote bonds in the sum of !?200,000 in aid of the Exposition. Iowa has appropriated 5510,000, and will increase the amount later. Appropriation bills are now pending in most of the legislatures in States and Territories west of the Mississippi river. The Exposition site in the northern suburbs of Omaha embraces ample area, is most accessible, and in every way adapted for the purpose. The Board of Managers past a reso- lution providing for the following nine buildings, which will constitute the nucleus around which the smaller buildings will be assetnbled : Building No. 1 — Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry ; No. 2— Mines and Mining ; No. 3— Manufacturers and Lib- eral Arts ; No. 4— Fine Arts; No. 5— Electricity and Ma- chinery ; No. 6— Auditorium ; No. 7— The Nebraska Build- ing ; No. S— Grand Army of the Republic Building; No. 9— The Silver Palace. In the discussion regarding those buildings the idea was 897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 185 advanced that the auditorium building should be made a model of the world-famed tabernacle in Salt Lake City, a building renowned as having the most perfect acoustic prop- erties of any auditorium In the world. The material to be used in the construction of the buildings has not been decided upon by the Exposition authorities, but it is more than lilcely that the temporary buildings will be built in the same way as the World's Fair buildings, of staff, a form of stucco. The plan of the Exposition authorities, however, contemplates one or more permanent buildings. It is desired to have four of the buildings built in a permanent and substantial manner, if the arrangements for so doing can be made, but it is certain that some of the buildings will be of a permanent character. The Government building will prebably be one of these, the purpose of the Exposition promoters being to purchase this building after the Exposition is over. It is also the purpose to have the auditorium constructed of permanent material. Applications for space at the Exposition continue to pour into the department of exhibits, and a very flattering showing has been made in a number of different lines. The number of applicants for space is already large, and growing daily. Manager E. E. Bruce, of the Department of Exhibits, an- nounces special prizes, consisting of six gold trophies, six sil- ver cups, and six gold medals, to competitors in each of the foIIowing"classes : For the best display of an irrigating sys- tem in operation ; for the best electric light service in display; for the best display illustrating the process of the manufac- ture of beet-root sugar ; for the best display of manufacturing plant in operation ; as well as two more lots of similar prizes for other high class exhibits to be named hereafter. Manager A. L. Reed, of the Department of Concessions and Privileges, has on file a large number of applications. The latest is an application for 50,000 square feet for a Chinese exhibit. There will be no lack of novelties at the Exposition of 1S9S. A Woman's Department has been or- ganized. For further information, address the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha, Nebr. Back Xumbers Since Jan. i, at least for a time yet, we can furnish to all new subscribers who may de- sire their subscription to begin at that date. It is much bet- ter to have a complete volume of the Bee Journal. The first three months' numbers for 1S97 we will mail for 20 cents, as long asihey last. The "Divider"— A Ne-w Device.— Mr. S. T. Pettit, of Canada, in Gleanings for Jan. 15, mentions what he calls a " divider." He has kindly sent us one of them, which he describes as follows in Gleanings: Oiten to our sorrow we find that the outside of the outside sections in a super, though fairly well filled, are, at least, a good many of them, but poorly capt. This has often been a sore trial — so many poorly-finisht sections after looking so repeatedly and waiting so long. It always seemed to me that if more room could be fur- nisht, more bees could be present, and thus a more uniform and the necessary heat kept up day and night at the outside of the outside sections : then the bees would feel and act like those farther inside, and would go and finish up the job "in a workmanlike manner." But the difficulty would always come up that, if more space was given, it would only he filled with honey in poor shape. At length I conceived the idea of giving two bee-spaces by putting in a divider to divide the extra space into two bee- spaces. Following up the idea I set myself at experimenting to test what seemed to me so full of promise. After experi- menting with a good many different devices with more or less success, I tried the one which is here described, and it has given very good satisfaction indeed. CZT It is simply as follow? : A piece of basswood or pine, about a sixth of an inch thick, and just the width and length of a separator, is bored as full of 5/10-incb holes as the wood will stand and not split to pieces, and five H loch strips are nailed across it. These are turned outside against the wall of the super, thus forming two bee-spaces instead of one. The bees cluster on the sides of the divider, and pass freely both ways through the holes, and the work goes right along In good shape. I tried a few with -yinch holes, with satisfactory results. Nothing is gained by giving mure than two bee-spaces. Dividers made of slats H inch apart leave the sections ridgy, reminding one of a miniature washboard, and, besides that, some brace-combs appear between the sections and divider. I coined the word "divider," or, rather, applied it to the new device. I hope it will do. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Hon. Eugene Secor. of Winnebago Co., Iowa, was elected President of the local county Farmers' Institute at its last meeting. A good choice. Mr. Secor never disappoints his friends, but more often surprises them iu a most pleasing way, as he did at the Lincoln convention last October. Dr. N. T. Millard, of Green Lake Co., Wis., wrote Feb. 25, when renewing his subscription : "I am delighted with the way you handle swindlers and adulterators." Mr. Emil J. Baxter, of Hancock Co., 111., son-in-law of Mr. Chas. Dadant, reported. Mar. 2, that he had just sold the last of his 1896 crop of honey. He had about 10,000 pounds, and has not had an entire failure in 18 years, altho two or three seasons he had but very little honey. He keeps from 260 to 300 colonies. Mb. Wm. Russell, of Hennepin Co., Minn., wrote us March 6 : "The Minnesota Foul Brood Bill has been 'in- definitely postponed,' no one having appeared before the Com- mittee on Dairy and Food, to which it was referred. Com- ment would be superfluous." The Leahy Manupactobt Co., publishers of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper, are written up in great style by the poetical Will Ward Mitchell, in the March number of their paper. Pictures of Messrs. R. B. Leahy, E. B. Gladish and J. W. Ennis — the principal members of the company — adora the congratulatory article. Truly, Missouri, like her sister States, has some wonderful people. And we are glad to know that at least some of them are making a success in life. Mr. C. S. French, of Todd Co., Minn., writes as follows : " Of all of the papers that I take, I enjoy reading the Ameri- can Bee Journal the best. Long may it continue to prosper." Mr. B. S. K. Bennett, editor and publisher of the Pacific Bee Journal, in the March number of his paper utters this sentence, which doubtless is his own experience as publisher: "A bee-paper is, we feel, a good place to burn money." Mr. Bennett might do as another paper in the West did recently, viz.: Publish a form of bequest, so that its readers might remember it when making their wills ! But perhaps most folks would prefer "to burn" their own money, instead of handing it over to a bee-editor to cremate after they have departed this life. Dr. Chas. H. Carter, of Los Angeles Co., Cal., wrote us Feb. 27 : " Bees are hard at work, and there Is promise of a good honey crop the coming season." Mr. Gustave Gross, of Jefferson Co., Wis., made us a short office visit week before last, on his way home from a trip to Switzerland, his native land. He had not been there for 32 years. He had seven brothers and sisters, and found them all still living. He reports a fine time, and will prob- ably write something of his trip for the Bee Journal. We might give here some of the things he told us about beekeep- ing in Switzerland, but we prefer to let Mr. Gross tell them himself. We had a very pleasant visit with him. He is a bee-keeper of 150 colonies, and expects to double his number this year. He lives in the region where the famous Grimm bee-keepers used to live, but he says that the basswood has been cut down to such an extent there that he has had to move his bees to another location. e 9 e 9 p 9 e HERE'S YODR Positively the Greatest Bargain Ever Offered I 8 lARGE if Nearly 4,000 pages. Over 300 iiniuMrp Colored Maps, Charts, and Diagrams. VOLUIllLd. Every Volume Mechanically Perfect. The Only Encyclopedia Strictly SIZE OF VOLUME: 2 ins. Thick. 8H ins. Wide. Up to Date 1 IJi ins. Long. ONE DOLLAR For Daily Use in Your Home or Office and especially to aid the young folks in their studies, no single -work in the world equals that matchless Reference Library, The New — ■ Standard American Encyclopedia A SUPERB REFERENCE WORK treating over 60,000 topics (10,000 more than any other encyclopedia), covering the entire field of human knowledge, thought, and endeavor. 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Now, however, to quickly and thoroughly introduce the work, as above statc.l, we make the price merely nominal (about the cost of paper and printing), the distribution being limited to a very few weeks, reserving the privilege of with- drawing the offer at any time when we consider a sufficient number of these introductory sets, at the special price, has been distributed. Send $1 to THE ENCYCLOPEDIA PUBLISHING CO., 156 Fifth .^vrnne, New York city, and a full set of ei^lit voliimosof TIIK Nir.V STANDAUI) AJHEKICAN ENCYCLO- I'KDIA in cloth binding, will be forwarded 10 you. The balance is payable at the rate of 5>i.5o monllily for one year, or about 5 cents a day. If you prefer tli.: Iialf-niorocco binding, the niniubly paynvnt will be $2, and for full slicep, $2.50 per month for the year. We rei'omiiieiid till! hnlt'-inorocco style, which is particularly elegant and serviceable, and wi.l last a lifeluue. If not .'IS representtd any set may be rt-lurnecl within ten days and money will be promptly refunded. 0e paid by purchaser. Our confidence llul ilie volumes will be cheerfully jiaid for is shown by sending a $4,S set of books on payment of only $1. We also feel that you ^lill thoroughly appre- ciate the superb new work and speak favorably of it to others. Sample pages, with specimen illustrations, will also be sent on application until the offer is witlulrawn. We refer you to the publisher of this newspaper. Always mention name of paper you see this oiler in. Address HOW TO SECURE ONE OF THESE SPLENDID SETS a 6 d 6 6 c) 6 ^ isy'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 187 Qct;)eral \icn)S^ Wintering Nicely. Bees are winteriug nicely so far this win- ter. Wm. CnAiii. Saginaw Co., Mich., March 1.5. Boiling in the Pollen. The American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor to my home every Monday morning. I have ',(() colonies of bees, ami they are roll- ing in the pollen from wild flowers and fruit-blooms. B. P. Shirk. Kings Co.. Cal., March 5. Last Year a Failure. Last year was a failure here with bees and everything else. I put into winter quarters 10 colonies, and have lost one to date. I winter them on the summer stands with chaff cushions. J. C. Bogekt. Montour Co., Pa., March 10. Bees Wintered Well. The bees have wintered well, and have plenty of honey to last until they can board themselves. The white clover looks better than I have seen it for years. I couldn't get along with my bees at all without the " Old Reliable." S. T. Applegate. Lewis Co., Ky., March 10. Bees in Splendid Condition. My 120 colonies of bees are all in splen- did condition on the summer stands, packt with shavings. The prospect is good for a good crop of white clover this season. We have had abundance of rain since last July, and are looking for a good crop this time. Geo. W. RiKEii. Lucas Co., Iowa. March 11. Bees All Bight. I 6nd my bees all right so far as I can tell, except a colony that starved to death in the upper story of the two hives put to- gether. I don't see why any bee-keeper will do without the Bee Journal if he is interested in the business. [ read it with much in- terest. My sonin-law says it is worth ten dollars to him. Noin Millek. Iowa Co., Iowa, March 1"2. Narrow Sections. I .see a good deal in the Bee Journal about honey adulteration. Now what difference is there between that and shipping a lot of I'o-inch sections into our market here to sell for 17 cents, when we all use l"s sec- tions about here J It seems to me one is about as bad as the other. Of course, everybody can use what he likes, but it looks as if we had better have a standard section, in thickness as well as size. Litchfield Co., Conn. S. C. Hills. Last Season — Bees and Grapes. The past season was one of fair promise to bee-keepers in this section. There was abundance of fruit-bloom, warm weather, plenty of sunshine, and frequent showers. The bees, strong in numbers, were at work in the supers, and their merry hum seemed to restore confidence in our chosen pursuit. But. alas! how like the political buzzing — all promise and no fulfillment— a make-be- lieve, a delusion, and we can only record another failure in the honey crup. ■• Do bees destroy sound grapes !'' One would not have wi.^ht for a luure favorable time to test this matter, than we bad dur- Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have aL-^o one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the Slate. The material Is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. i''or Sections, the clearest and -whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are pollsht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. PleaFe mention llie Ameiioau Bee .Tournil. 7Atf HARNESS B ' J^>^ FROM $5.00 UPWARDS, BARKLEY 910.00 BOAD CARTS and upwards. For Style and Kiuisli they can nol be surpassed. CARTS (, >nd BUGGIES Us cut shows our S.';.,'50 Harness Khk'hwe make a spfdalty of and 'DEFY COMPETITION ■We also manufacture a complete line of GOAT and DOG HARNESS from Sl.50toS13.50per set. GOAT or DOG CARTS from S4.00 to ST.OO. Write for Goat Catalogue. BABELE7 870. PHAETON BARELEY SS5.00 BUGGIES aSpeoialty. WeRnir- aaice eniisf.ictioo. YEARS we have manufactured and sold to dealers, Bin NOW we are selling direct to consumers. sai^inK you the travelinR man's expenses aiid liealer^ proflt^.WrUe_fcr Ulustra^ed y^f'^f~"Q..^J'o^VS^^- *" ' ILL. Ro.iil our book of voluntary Testi- jnoiiials from our customers and see what they think of Barkley Goods and Business Methods. It will pay you to do so. FRANK B. BARKLEY MFG. CO. ^nlhr^i'. BARKLEY 8158. CABRIOI.BT Our ]^ew Catalogue ^ Send us your Name and Address, And we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy IjilJ iJ' l_J ' I IT ILLUSTRATES AND DESCRIBES ALL THE Latest and Best Apiarian Supplies G-. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING-. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish l^llite Alfalfa E.^ctracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars In Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 1)4 cents per pound ; 'i cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans ('2 cases) or more, 6J^ cents. The Cash must accoin- pany each order. Pine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 2TU-lb. barrels. ES^ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for S cents, to cover postaee, packine, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE ff. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 188 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar. 25, ing the grape season of last year. There was no honey coming in. the bees were short of stores, and searching for sweets in every direction. They did not bother the grapes, however, until the chidren started them by plucking berries from the bunches, then even the hulls scattered about the arbor were a mass of bees. With some fear as to what the result might be. I crusbt a part of the berries on quite a number of bunches, and they were soon covered with bees, piling over each other in their haste to lick up the juices, but. to my surprise. I found the grapes with torn skins the only ones destroyed. Perhaps they did not stop to reason, or it might have been worse, for I have clogged the hive-entrance with grapes, and they went through them without my assistance. It is said that beekeepers want their bees proven innocent of this charge, and when answering the query are not always actu- ated by an honest desire to make plain the truth. So my bit of experience along this line can be taken for what it is worth. A. B. Baird. Fayette Co., Pa., Jan. 28. Besults of the Past Season, Etc. From 14 colonies I took 100 gallons of extracted honey and .WO pounds of comb honey, besides increasing to 30 colonies. The Bee Journal is growing better every week. I am with it. tooth and nail, to down all the frauds and adulterators. There is one firm in St. Joseph, Mo., whose agent peddles his glucose stuff all over this county— three little glasses for 2.5 cents, with a little honey-comb in the top. They buy these glucose glasses in St. Joseph at $1 10 per hundred pounds. Ray Co., Mo. March 1. C. F. Bowen. Hands Poisoned by Propolis. On page 778 (1896), R. K. asks the ques- tion. ""Does the propolis we clean off the sections poison a person's skin." I am quite sure it does, for I was poisoned last fall. When cleaning sections some of the propolis settled under my wrapper sleeve. and before I realized it my skin began to raise a watery blister ; it smarted and itcht almost the same as poisou-ivy. and has had the same effect on other occasions. Bee-stings poison me severely. I have to be protected when at work in the bee-yard. Rochester, N. Y. J. H. B. Getting Bees from a Bee-Tree. On page .'>4. E. M. L. wishes to know how to get bees from a bee-tree. If I were to cut that beetree, I would provide myself with 'j yard mosquito-bar, and about .W sticks 9:',i' inches in length, if frames are 93'«- so they can be tight top and bottom, to tie with fine wire. String is offensive to the bees. Then I would want one board as big as the frames. About the first of May I would do it, as this is the time of year you can't very well destroy a colony of bees — you may kill the queen, and nearly all the bees, and yet have a big colony in the fall. When you get to the tree, see which way it should fall, so the combs will not all smash up. You can vary the falling of the tree a little. Have the place clear, no logs for it to fall on. When cutting it, when it starts to go, don't chop any more. When the tree is down, take your time and put that ) .'. yard of mosquito-bar over your hat, and tie a string over the luos- quito-bar, so the bees can't get at your face. Tie a string around the sleeve at each wrist, so the bees can't run up. Keep your hands bare. Now move up to the hole in the tree everything that you brought. Cut in, or off, the tree around and below the bees, and if you can split it in halves all the bet- ter, if not, split till you can get at the honey. Give that friend all the honey you can, but be sure that you don't give him OF THE, rAPMEPS WIFE ^^ ARE MANY and often seem to be greater than sho isabletobcar. This is doubly true when sickness comes to hor and l"aves In Its wako that condition of lassi- tude which bespeaks a broken down condition. The most fruitful causes of these condit ions are FEMALE COMPAINTS, Bright's Disease, Urinary Troubles, General Debility, AND Malaria. A sure and effectual remedy for these and all diseases result- ing from disordered Kidneys and lilver is It is a purely vegetable prep- aration that has cured thou- sands and will cure you. Large sized bottles or now style smaller ones at your nearest store. WHEN AnSWERPNG this AOVt RTISEMEMT. MEHTIOH THIS JOURNM. Memorial Cards ! CWllIi Portrait on tlteiii) For presentation upon the death of a dear one, to relatives and friends, have come into vogue quite generally of late years among the American people. We furnish them to order. Send for free Illustrated circular and price-list. Prompt and satisfactory work at living prices. Address, O. S. UTTEU A: CO., Times Building, - Chicago, Ills. WANTED -ATTENTION ! ^EE HERE, Fiiend Bee-Keeper, the best k5 t'oods are none too good, and the lowest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 189" on Full Line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. 1 defv competillon In quality aud workman- ship. Working Wax into Foundatlou when sent to me, a specially. Write, without fail, lor Catalog. My prices are worth looking al. Wax wanted at 2(ic caBh. or 29c In ti-ade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6 A8t Mention the American Bee JoumaL Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! — nirv YOUR — Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Kiutory. (iuaranteed equal to the best goods on the market. Send lur Prlre-lilftt. Bawson & Barner, Centralia, 'Wash. lOAl.'U Mention the Am. Hee .lournal. Golden Add Texas Queens f any young bees, as they are not good to eat. and are very good in your business. Now lay down the board and get the sticks, which should be about as big around as lead pencils. Lay on the boards as many of the sticks as is necessary to hold the comb in place, and lay one frame on the sticks, then fill the frame with comb that has brood in it. Cut out as much honey as possible, as it is too heavy. Use everything that has brood in, capt of uncapt. When you get the frame full, take the wire and tie the tops and bottoms of the sticks together. Take the board and frame, turn it edgewise, hold the frame up. let the board down, and set the frame in the hive. Fill as many frames as you can, and set the hive right where you got the honey out, and get in as many bees as you can. If you can't get them all in, let them stand until night, and when they get all cleaned up, and themselves cleaned off, they will go in, when you can fasten the frames so they will not shake. Fasten up the hive, nail down the cover, take a piece of the mosquito-bar, and two slats, and tack over the entrance so the bees can get plenty o£ air. Cut the tree in the forenoon. A man who is not well informed on bees should not cut it when bees don't get plenty of honey in the fields, as there may be rob- bing. Peter Steinebach. Clark Co., Wis. Working on the 'Willows. I have 8 colonies in hives 17'o'xl2xl2, with 9 standing frames, all redwood. The hive bodies are dovetailed, so that when put to- gether and not nailed they will bear up one's weight cornerwise. and will not give a hair. The entrances are Sx^, ; no rob- bing, I assure you. although some full- length entrance hives near here are rob- bing all the time. I have a li.,'-inch hole bored in the bottom-board near the back, and a 1-inch hole near the top, screened, for ventilation. The bees have been work- ing strong for about a month on willow, but I think it is mostly for pollen. One house near here has 7 colonies in it. that I intend taking out. besides several others. Fruit-bloom is a good, early crop here. R- H. Yeabnshaw. Sacramento Co., Cal., Feb. '3S. Dr. Gallup says they are the best ho has In his yard. J. D. (ilVENS, lil'>bon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. OA'JGt, High Water Interferes. Spring breeding in this (Vanderburgh) county has been seriously handicapt by heavy rains, every day, thus preventing bees "from gathering pollen, and compelling us to resort to feeding bian for pollen in covered places, sheltered from the winds, in order to stimulate the colonies and get the working force strong enough in time to gather the anticipated heavy flow from white clover. The b.ockwaters of the Ohio river threatened to destroy my entire api- ary, as the hives were only 3 or 3 feet above the water level, the water rising so rapidly on the night of Feb. '.28, that the next morning we found our cows lying in a foot of water. This overflow always in- sures us a heavy crop of fine honey from the "dry- weather honey-vine" and fall flowers. J. C. Wallenmevek. Vanderburgh Co.. Ind., March 12. Apis Dorsata Again. I feel very anxious about that giant bee of India— Apis dorsata. For my part, I would like to have them tried in the United States, and as it is too big an undertaking for any individual, how could they better be brought than by the Government >. And it .seems to me that the bee-keeping frater- nity should have a sole voice in the matter of who shall be procured to do the work of getting them safely here. Just why the Lincolu meeting so denounced this proposed undertaking I do not know. Surely it is not because Frank Benton has apparently not acted rightly toward the interests of bee-keepers. This being true, would be isyj. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 189 HAVE A GOOD FENCE • and vou \c\\\ hav.> pui'il neitrhbors. There are no trespass suits v hen the KEYSXONK J FENCE isused. AVli> I It holds stock and • turns stock. Aiiyheiffhtdesii-ed. See all about J it in our free book on fence building, J KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., • S»«i Uush Street, Peoria, 111. •^ MONEY Saved is money Gained. •{• THE ROYAL HON life liisiirauce Compiiov DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. AgentH Wauted. JOHN B. KING. General Agent. Suite 513 First Nat' 1 Bank Bld'g, •20Atf CHICAGO, ILL. RIG MONEY IN POULTRY ifVt Stock and lucubalur^ if conducted iiciTiiiu^' to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits' 3usi out aod sf-nt postpaid wilhonr 1&'97 CatalOKue for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best e^fis Hnd stock cost no more if purchHsed of - u^. you can then sell your r'roduct to ti-^and th'-'Osan'is others for hiph fancy prices. A\> own 300 acres most elet:antly aiianfed to -poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY &, PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y T Al3 Mtixtion the American Bee Journal, Our '97 Cataloa: —OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours tor the asking. It Is full of iQformatioD. ^S~ Write for It. I. J. STRINGHAm, 105 Park Place. NKWTORK, N. T. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price-List. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Box 187, Shebovgan. Wis. Mention tlie Americ" WMEN ANSWERIIG 'I IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send »1,2d to Prof, A, J, Cook, Claremont, ICallt,, tor his « . , Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. 30 years* experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- Ical treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St.. Chicago. HATCH Chickens BY ST^EAM- EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Per/rct, Scif- n^gxUat- iny. Thousands id succesjfal opera! ioD. Lowe^it priced Ilrst-ola<8 llatchei* made. GEO. II. STAIIL. tl4to12SS. eihst. QiilntY.ni. 44 A26t Mention the American Bee Journal tEarly Italian Queensf Up till the middle of April at these prices: Intcsted, Toe; 'Tested, $1.25. E. ti. CAKKIKfiTON, 5A17t De Fuulak Sprlnsa, Fla. ilerjiU:": j-.-c AmsrUxur. Bee /our^v::,. V«-II, O V«'ll, O'VKI.I.OtrXO.^F.!^ Yello-wzones for PAIN and FE'VEB. 190 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Mar 25, FEED YOUR BEES! WITH BASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. lOO, 2 to 5 Itit, WIO. IIIO Baswootl Seedlings, *1. Delivereil free. Otlier -izrs just as cheap. 60 Sl.OO Bargains by mail. Millions to select from. Also Fruit Trees, Small Fruits. Vines, etc. Liberal cash ciiunissions for liiljs. Illustrateil <-atalogue free. Guotl lotal Salesnun wanted. Addre: D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL li 4E6t. Mention the American Dee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION «o"|;';5^T'°'- (an do the work of four men using hand tools, In Kipping, Cuttlng-otf, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Bull Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sold on Trial. Catalogue Free. SENEGA FA1.1-S MFO. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Mentw., the Amerirnn Bee Journal.. DuQiESi j CollegYj Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary, Shorthahd and Typewrliing. Efficient and experienced instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. lEWIS EDWIN IfOBK, Pres. IB MONEY IN POULTRY Bl OUR LARCE GUIDE for a? just out. Soiiiechiug entirely new. lUO p.igeB. Printed iii tinest colored work. Contains everything pertaining to Poul- try in full PRICES REDUCED Oil 1st Prize Winners and Eggs. PostlHiid ion receipt of 1.^ cents, if you write now. JOHN BAns:HEIl, Jr., Em 94 Freepoit, 111. Mention the American Bee Journal RAAT'S(Get discounts on early orders ^IMlrkC \ for 1897. A. 1. Koot Co.'s Bee- ll V VUS. { Supplies always on hand. Bet- ter prepared than ever to fill oraera promptly. 3G-page Catalog free. JOHK NEBEI. & SON, High Hill, Mo. Mention the American Bee Journal. 4Atf Unruly Stock at a Premium We want anim.ils to show off our fence, persistent fighters for "liberty," whose war cry shall be "up and at 'em" again. We bought a Jersey bull, "highly recommended" for the position, but two rounds satis- fied him. and neither dogs or red rags could induce him to give the Page Fence another trial. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. Meiduyn the American Bee Journa FOPi S.A.L1E ! 40 acres of land suitable for the growing of oranges, lemons or olives ; situalcil in San Diego Co.. Calif., with a wellequlpt apiary of liO colonies of bees in good condition ; 3- roorn house, with good water. Apiary pro- duced over ttve tons of fine comb honey from 00 colonies of bees in 18U.J. Price, $ i.OOO. Address. Dr. P. J. PARKEK. llA.lt 853 .'Hh St.. SAN DiEOO, Calif. n l__„..^l« .V « tsilv<-i--«iiray I'ai-niolan. Warranted Queen, .50c.; Tested. Monty Orders pavabie at Caldwell, lex for CalalOif ol Boe-Keepors' Snppll Address, C. B. BANKSTON, 11 Atf Ohuiesuan, Burleson Co., Tex, 7.tC. Make Send e«. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 19i HDNEYapd BEESWAX ^lAKKKX QIJOTAXIOS. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoUed by tr>ivel-staln, or otherwise: all the cells sealed except the row of cells neit the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoUed by travel-statn or other- wise. In addition to this the honey is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white," "No. 1 dark." etc. diicag-o. 111., Mar. 19.— Fancy white. 11® 12c.; No. 1, loailc; fancy amber, 9c.; No. 1, 7c.; fancy dark, 8c.; No, 1, 7c. Extracted, white, oca'c. : amber. 5a6c. ; dark, 4 He Bees- wax, 25@27c. Stocks are working down, but there is no improvement in price. The season for comb honey Is drawing to a close. Any one intend- ing to market In the cities should do so now. Albany. N. Y., Mar. 20.— Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1. 11-12C.; fancy amber, 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark, 7-8c ; No. 1, 6-7c. Extracted, white. .i-6c. ; dark. 3H-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., Peb. 20.— Fancy whlt«. 14-15C.; No. 1 white. 12-13C. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beeswax, 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for Inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-120. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax. 2oc. Cleveland. Ohio, Peb. 20.— Fancy white. 14V4iai5c. : No. 1 white, 12H@13c. Extracted, white. 6@7c.; amber, 4>4@o>4c. Beeswax, 22 ic. Extracted, white. In cans. 6@7c.; amber. In barrels, 4@4Hc; extra. Sc; dark, 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 23@23>4c. —prime finds ready sale at 23!4c. San Prancisco, Calif., Peb. 24.— White comb. 9-lOc ; amber, 5-7c. Extracted, white, o-o^c; light amber, 4-4i4c.; amber colored and candled. 354c ; dark tule. 25ic. Beeswax, fair to choice, 23-26c. Philadelphia, Pa., Peb. 2.— Fancy white comb. 12-13C ; fancy amber. 8-9c.: No. 1. 8c.; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, .5-7i;. ; amber. 4-5c. ; dark. 3!4-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. Hew York, H. Y ,Feb. 20 —There has been a little better demand tor comb hooey during the last two weeks. Prices, however, will not Improve, as the season is too far advauccd and plenty ot stOL-k laying on tbe market. We have a good demand for extracted buck- wheat, candied, and beekeepers having their crop on band yet. should now market It. Beeswax is quiet at 26 28c.. according to quality. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar. 9. — Demand Is slo * tor extracted and comb honey. We quote comb honey at 10@13c.: extracted. 3>^@6c. Dark comb seems to be an unsalable article at this time of the year. Beeswax Is in fair demand at 22@23c. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo,, Mar. 10.— No. 1 white, 12ai3c.; fancy amber. ll@12c.: No. 1 amber. lOailc. : fancy dark. 9@10c.: No. 1 dark. 8® 9c.; Extracted, white. .5® 5!4c.; amber, 414® oc: dark. 4@4!4c. Beeswax. 23c. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.— No. 1 and fancy white comb. ll-12c.; other brands. 7-1 Oc. Extracted, white. o-6c. ; amber and dark ■»-5c. Beeswax, 24-25c. Minneapolis, Minn., Peb. 20. — Fancy white. ll®12c.; No. 1 white. 10@llc.; fancy amber. 9®10c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark. 7@8c. ; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6@7c. : amber, 3®.5Hc. : dark. 4(a.5c. Utah white extracted, 5@5Hlc. Beeswax. 23® 26c. Market fnlrly steady for comb and bet- ter for extriicted tbun for some time. Buffalo, N. Y., Mar. 19.— Demand is some- what better lor honey, although we advise marketing everything and cleaning it up. Strictly fancy comb. 1-pound. 10-1 Ic; other grades 9-oc.. as to iiuality. condition, etc. Ex- tracted, 4-5 >4c., as to kind and quality. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal, CtalcagOt Ills. B, A. BmiNBTT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. ¥. HiLDRBTH Bros. & Seoelken, Kansa* City, mo. 0. C, CLEH0H8 & Co., 433 Walnut St. Bafialo,N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelplila, Pa. Wm. a. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Lonls, no. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapoll*, niinn. S. H. Hall & Co. miwaukee, Wis. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, Mass. K. K. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicta. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N.Y. Chas. McCulloch ci Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. r. M0TH & Son. cor. Freeman & Central aT». Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: oB) lOB) 25B) SOB) A Islke Clover ... .1.70 11.23 »3.00 » 5.75 Sweet Clover (whitej .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7 00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.23 4.00 Crimson Clover 33 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. One Cent M. H. HUNT. Invested in a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. Bell Braucb, micb. WHE» Ahswerimg This aovertisemeht, mention this jouww*^ PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOS ^!jl J. VAX DELSEN 6l SONS, ^^^^H Bole Manafaotnrers, ^iWV SproQt Brook MontKomerr Co.. N. T. Has No Sag In Brood-Framei Thio Flat-Bottom FoundatioD Hu lo Fisbbooe in the Sorplus Hboef. Being the oleaneBt 1b nsaally worked tbe qalckest of any FotmdBtlon made »» LANDS For Sul« at l.iO'w I>ri«-«;!!> and uit I'^a»iy 'l'erin»>. The Illinois Central Railroad Company otfers for sale on c^sy terms and at low prices, 130- 000 acres ot choice fruit, gardening, farm and grazing lands located in SOUTHERN ILllllS. They are also largely Interested in, and call especial attention to the 600.000 acres of land in the famous YAZOO VALLEY OF MISSISSIPPI lying along and owned by the Yazoo & Miss- issippi Valley Railroad Company, and which that company offers at low prices and on long terms Special Inducements and facilities offered to go and examine these lands, both In Southern Illinois and In the " Faz o Val- ley," Miss. For further description, map, and any Information, address or call upon E. P. SKENE, Land Commissioner, No. 1 Park Row. Chicago, ill. 8E6t Merntuyii vit, Arnericon Bee Joumai. \A. OOJU13 I30J^rvA^l«S ais about the actual worth of / Boar new book on Incubation 5 ^and Poultry. Contains a full i and complete descriiition of ^ the Reliable Incubators '& the Brooder of sjime name,/ ^ together with cuts and in- J fitnictiniis; forbuiiil's poultry J houses mill much of interest and ' srreat value to the r>oultrvTii.in, Sent on rpc'r^t of ]IJc. ^R^UAJBLE^m CO.-gUINCY-ILLS 36E17t Please mention the Bee Journal. For a knife that will cut ;i horn without f crushing, because it cuts from four i -Side?, at once ^!.(^t. , THE KEYSTONE — DEHORNER^iL It is humnne. rapi'l and durable. Fully • warrimted. iiiGHEST AW.^RDAT \VoRLl>'s 9 Faii; Def-criptive circuhirs :F"R.i:E. ^ A. C HKO.SII S. Cochraiiville. P:i. m Mention the Am*^rxcan Bee JoaimaJ^ MONEYIN POULTRY Our Fuullr> Annual and ItuuL uf Valuable Keclpesfor'97, finely pnntt-TU' nirhlne ■ vnu call ninke Oil r,» 12 to 20 cts. a 0»pr 5» Hlilf*,. liitnliiLii KITSELMAN BROS., Boi I3n. Ridgeville, Ind. a ilav for J a Rod.! iLiio Kiee. T POMTIOK W.INTED as ass'stant in an apiar). Have had some experience. Rea- sonable wages. Address. CHAS. OKIES 3ACH. 15-2 \V. Randolph St., Chicaoo, III. 192 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. March 25, 1897. K B^ BQ M A Copy of L D L t Successful Hee-keephig, r n 11 by W. Z, Hutchinson ; I 11 kk and our 189T Catalog, for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of tbe Catalog for tlie Askiii:;. We make almost Everyiliing used by Bee-Keepers, and at EiOWOHt l*rice». OUR Falcon Polisht Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't tuy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie beiat— sutli aft we, make. Tlie Americau Bee ■ Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages 50 Cents a Year. Sample Fkee— Address, THEW.T.FAICOKERMFG.CO., JAlffESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of .= 0 hires, $.10 for the best 100 Danz. sectlonB •• 25 •' 25 •• 50 " •• 20 " 20 " 40 .. 10 '• 10 ■' 20 ■• •■ 5 •• 5 •• 10 '■ ^F" Further particulars regarding the pre- mimums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, furnisht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Oliio. Care The A. I. Root Coiupany. BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-lnch •• Smoke Engine." Is It too large ? Will it last too long ? Will save you lots of money and had words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices ol Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, IHlcli. 5Atf Mention (he American Bee Journal- LEADS THEM ALL ! Williams' Automatic Reversible Honey-Extractor Leads them all. You waul liie l>t»t. Price-Llst Free. Van Allen & Williams, Barnnni, Wis. 8 E t f 4fc7itton the American Bee ,/i)uma-. Advanced -«-- $:?3js: Bee-Cnltiire During the earlier years of Its publication the Bee Keepers' Review was devoted en- tirely to tbe discussion of special topics. Each number was really a little pamphlet contain- ing the views of the best men upon some spe- cial topic. After publishing the Keview live years its editor wrote ' Advanced Bee-Cult- ure," a book of nearly 100 large, double-col- umn, wellillustrated pages, which Is really a summing up— the cream, so to speak— ot those first five volumes of the ItEViEW. It begins with ihe opening of the year, and takes the reader through tbe whole season, describing the most advanced methods lor performing all of the most Imporlanloperatlons until the honey Is sold and the bees ready lor winter. A single idea found In the book may bo worth dollarsto the reader. The price of the book Is 50 cts . but for advertising purposes, for the sake of getting the Keview into new hands, this book Is given absolutely free to any one not now a subscriber who sends $1.0U fertile Keview for 1HIJ7. Address. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. ^°^*^ Dadant's Foundation S Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IN 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent ^^eed Process of Slieetingf. Send Name for Our Catalog', Sample!; of FotiiKlation and Veil JTIatei-ial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 4ieMowiO)i^e m !=I^El=l Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Siiow-WhiJe. .500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6.75 No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-L,i$t of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc. Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 6A35t Gut Prices to Move Stock ! ! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to offer these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at once, or you may be to late : V-Top Langstroth Frames, 75c per 100 ; 250 for $1.25 ; 500 for $2. All-Wood Frames, pierced for wire, same price while they last. No. 3 VanDensen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn., in 25-lb. boxes, $10.50 a box. Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, $1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, .$1.) Hill Feeders, quart size, 8c each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, -lOc each ; by mail, ROc. Quinby Smokers at 50c, 70c, and $1.00 each — 20c extra by mail. Jones' Frame-Pliers, 10c each ; by mail, lOc extra (old price, 25c and postage.) 1896 Dovetailed Hives at Special Prices. Desiring to make room for new goods, we offer from stock at this branch, No. 1 Dovetailed hives, S-frame complete, with sections, foundation-starters, and nails, at $5.75 for .5; ^^..^O for 10; -i^aO.OO for 20 ; No. IE, same without sections and starters, *4.T5 for 5; «8.50forlO; S10.0Ufor20; lOframe complete, 20 cts. each extra; lU-frame E, 1.5 cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. It tvantetl by Freig^lit, add 'iSc lor cartagfe on orders tor less tlian ^5 THE A. I.GROOT COMPANY, Geo. W. Ydik, Manager. 118 Michigan Sti-eet, CHICAGO, ILL. ^0S.'BUIQ^^ 37 th. Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 1, 1897. No. 13. tifeSE The Use of Drawn Combs in Sections. BT W. Z. HUTCHINSON. There is probably no topic ia which the apiarian world is more interested at present than in the one that I have used as the title for this article. We all know that, as usually raan- aeed, more extracted than comb honey can be produced — many say twice as much — but it is certain that much more can be produced. One reason for this, if not the main reason, is that in producing extracted honey no comb has to be built, that is, after a supply has been obtained. I doubt if anything is lost In the building of comb, that is, if the wax for comb- building is produced at a loss, under ordinary conditions, but the trouble is that so much time is consumed in comb-building, that a short, sharp, but very bountiful flow of honey may be practically lost if the bees are compelled to build combs in which to store it. In this connection, comb foundation is a great help, but it is ?iot drau'ii comb, and cannot be such in much less than two days, and even ten days, in a short, abun- dant flow may mean a great deal. Drawn combs can be utilized at once. To my mind, the main reason why more extracted than comb honey is produced, is because in the former case abun- dant storage-room of drawn comb is always furnisht. If we could always have sections full of nice drawn combs, I see no reason why we could not produce exacily as much comb as ex- tracted honey. Mr. Heddon says ihau more extracted honey can be produced by using shallow extracting supers, and then tiering them up so rapidly, as the flow advances, that the bees do not fully seal the honey. This plan also largely saves in the work of uncapping. There may be something in this, but I see no reason why supers of sections may be rapidly tiered up in the same manner during a rapid flow, and then the capping of the combs completed later, after the rush is over. I have thus dwelt upon the advantages of drawn combs in a heavy honey-flow, but in some localities and seasons it is possible that there may be still greater advantages In using them to eet the bees at work in the supers early In the season. With Italian bees and a slow, gradual opening of the main honey-flow, the bees are loth to begin work in the sections. They will crowd the brood-nest, lessening the amount of brood that is produced, and will begin work in the supers when they are actually forced into them ; that is, if the sections contain nothing but foundation. Fill the sections with drawn combs, and how different the case. The bees begin to put honey into the sections as soon as any can be spared for that purpose. They seem to clc(iy/i£ to begin work in the supers when they are thus supplied with drawn combs. Pressure upon the brood-nest is stopt, and more brood is the result. A super of sections having drawn combs will often be completed and ready to come off, and work commenced in a second super by the time that work will be simply commenced in a super con- taining foundation only. A super of drawn combs in the spring often means another super of fioisht comb honey, and the bees inclined to ivork in seclwns instead of swarming. This latter is a hlg point sometimes. There are different ways of getting drawn combs in the ssctions. At the end of the season there are always more or less of unfinisht sections. There are two methods of dealing with those that are nearly finlsht — that of "feeding back" extracted honey to secure their completion, and of selling them at a reasonable price in the local market. For most bee- beepers, the latter course is probably preferable. All sections that are not three-fourths completed better be emptied by set- ting supers of them over colonies that are lacking in stores, and then the dry, clean combs kept over for use the next spring. Any combs that are over one-half completed better be leveled with the comb-leveler before putting them on the hive. In those localities where there is a fall flow of dark honey that will bring only a low price, it can be used to the best advantage in drawing out foundation in sections to be used another year for storing white honey. In other localities It may be profitable to feed sugar In the fall, selecting for the work colonies that are lacking in stores, and thus have foun- dation drawn out in the sections for use the next season. This same work may be done in the spring, and thus not only get the combs drawn, but so fill the brood-nests that when the season's honey harvest finally open«, the honey must go into the sections because there is no other place in which to put it. Some have reported excellent success In having founda- tion drawn out in full sheets, and then cutting it up and fit- ting it into the sections. This greatly increases the work, and I feel satisfied that if the use of drawn combs becomes gen- eral, it will be by having them drawn out directly in the sections. I recently exprest my views regarding the new deep-cell foundation, with which The A. I. Root Co. is experimenting, and have only to add when such a man as E. R. Root says that the comb resultiug from the use of this new foundation is as brittle and "eatable " as natural combs we can only wait — suspend our judgment until we can try it ourselves. If it should turn out that the use of this product does not debase the comb honey, and it can be produced in commercial quanti- ties, at a low price, it is ijulte likely that it will solve the question of how drawn combs should be produced. In the meanwhile, we can go on getting drawn combs according to the plans that we know are successful. Genesee Co., Mich. A Visit to Switzerland and France. BY GUST AVE GROSS. During my visit to Switzerland and France, the past win- ter, I seized every opportunity to Inquire about the state of apiculture there. I saw a good many bee-keepers, visited several apiaries, and from all I saw I came to the conclusion that apiarists there are far behind us in their practice, which may in part be accounted for by the fact that they do not read bee-papers as we do here. Of course, there are exceptions, but it was not my lot to meet with such. Besides, the honey resources of the country are not nearly as good as ours. In Switzerland (the part 1 visited) they get their surplus mainly from the pines, and it Is only a honey-dew, in color resembling our buckwheat honey, having a strong " piney " taste, though very sweet. The honey Is mostly extracted, sections are high, .ST. 00 per 1,000, while heavy comb foundation costs 50 cents per pound ; but they told me it was very hard to get it pure, the most of it being mixt with parafline. When they produce honey it ls> in the old-fashiOQed straw 194 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1, skep ; the cap, holding may be 15 pounds, being taken off when full and sold that way ; I saw it in all the stores, while honey in sections was very scarce. The DeLayens hive is mostly used, being about square, with the frames either perpendicular to or parallel with the entrance. There was quite a diversity of opinions on this subject. The bees are wintered out-doors in Switzerland, and gen- erally come through all right, but they nearly always have to be fed in the spring. Extracted hocey sells for about the same price as the comb — from 24 to 28 cents per pound, according to the crop. In the south of France, near Bordeaux, they seem to get bet- ter crops than in Switzerland ; their surplus comes from black locust and basswood, and is gathered in May and June. Their spring is very early there ; on Feb. 15 I saw peach trees in bloom, the bees were bringing in pollen, and there was sealed brood in all the hives. The colonies get strong in time to swarm at the end of April, just before the locust bloom. They use a hive with 16 frames, about 16 inches square. As the most of them work for extracted honey, and do not use upper stories, they extract from the outside frames ; but what a work ! the frames have to be taken out from the side, for the top cannot be opened. I saw an apiary where the hives were put on top of each other, four high. The bees there are mostly the common black bees ; I saw very few Italians. In the city of Bordeaux are many bees, but I was told that they wore mostly affected with foul brood, a result, they thought, of robbing the sugar refineries. My brother, who has a large fruit-canning establishment, told me that in summer he lost from $3 to .1-4 a day by the bees (sugar is 12 cents a pound in Prance, there being a heavy tax on it). By the nature of his business he cannot get even with the bees, as they do in the sugar refinery that I visited, where the superintendent told me that they swept the bees together, put them in a bag, hung it on a peg, and by their own weight the sugar or syrup was squeezed out and then boiled again, so there was very little loss ! Honey is used very little in France, which may be due to its poor quality. In one of the stores they had quite a lot of section honey, but it was half capt, dark, and partly candied. I bought one section for which they charged me 30 cents ! I think if they would put up their honey in nice shape there would not be cases like that of a man I heard of, who had 600 pounds in his cellar, and could not sell it. When I left here, I took with me a 12-pound case of basswood comb honey, and how everybody admired it! They said they had neoer seen such nice honey, not even In their expositions. I had to give them a talk on apiculture in the United States, and afterwards repeat it to a large audieuce. I gave them one of the sections of honey to look at, and taste of, and most of them thought it wis delicious, but a few found it too strong for their taste. I had been explaining to them my way of hiving swarms with dipt queens. The next day it was reported to me that one of my hearers was pitying me, thinking what a job I must have every spring to cut the wings off all my bees ! The joke was on me. Jefferson Co., Wis. Can We Dispense with the Haudliug of Frames? BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. In the struggle which apiarists are compelled to go through, In these times of low prices of honey, in order that they may live at their calling, or chosen pursuit, many " short cuts " are advocated and many plans put forth, which were never thought of when honey sold at paying figures. All know that the less work we do in the apiary, or the less work done with a single colony, helps toward making a given price for our honey, pays us more for the labor performed, other things being equal. But the question which confronts us is. Will we obtain as much honey from our bees, with little or no work expended on them, as we would if we gave them the same care we did in former years, when honey brought from double to treble the price it now does? I know that there are many "shortcuts" which we can take to advantage, but are not some of the short cuts advocated, very prolific in making "slipshod " bee-keepers ? Some are advocating the handling of hives instead of frames as a means of cheapening the production of honey, claiming that any bee-keeper of average intelligence can learn to diagnose colonies with scarctely over opening any hive, or ever taking out a frame. Such advocacy has in it, in my opin- ion, the element of impressing the beginner that a careless style of bee-keeping will accomplish as good results as will one of push and energy, which is incorporated in the handling of frames. Bee-keepers of long experience can be trusted better to guess at the inside conditions of a colony from the outside appearance of the same; but I contend that, in order for any person to become an accomplisht apiarist, he must, in his ini- tiatory steps, become thoroughly acquainted with the inside workings of a colony of bees by actual inspection of the frames of brood, honey and combs. Handling hives, in the abstract, admits of no suitable knowledge of the inside workings of a colony equal to even a fair guess ; hence I claim that the ideas advanced by some have a tendency of carrying us back to the days of our fathers, when our beloved pursuit was pretty much shrouded in mystery. Just listen to the following which I found in one of our bee-papers : "We have lost sight of the advantages of judging from outside appearances in our use of frames. If an exper- ienced bee-keeper places his ear against the side of the hive, and raps or jars, he can tell by the sound, pretty well, the con- dition of the colony inside of the hive. During theearly spring, in cold storms, when there are colonies in the apiary that are liable to starve, if the apiarists will go from hive to hive every day and place his ear on the side of the hive and rap, he can tell by the sound whether all are fed. If the response is weak, a little syrup given immediately will soon restore the strong, vigorous response to the rap." etc ; while much advocated by others savors of similar import. And all for what ? That we may do something out of the usual line and learn to think that no amount of work shall be considered too menial so long as the handling of frames can be avoided in this great strife in producing honey cheaply, so that apiarists can live by produc- ing honey at the present, and fast becoming, deprest prices of the same. Just think of such apiarists as Mr. Secor, Dr. Miller, or Dr. Mason, going out every day in slush and storms, getting down upon " all fours " in the mud and snow, placing their ears to the side of the wet and nasty hives, and rapping on the same to know whether any of the 101 colonies are going to starve, when once handling of the frames during the first flight of the bees in spring would place them where either would positively know that ?io colony need starve during the next six weeks to come ! Think of turning a hive bottom side up, and with smoke, driving the bees down among the combs, peering in as best we can, setting the hive back on the stand again, removing the covering from the top, smoking again, and looking down into hive that way, all for the sake of guessing what is inside, when once handling of the frames the fore part of June would give any one a perfect knowledge regarding all that would be nec- essary to know about that colony for the next month to come ! Is such as this to be the advancement (?) of the future? If so, then I am glad that my apicultural life was cast among those of the past. I cannot feel otherwise than that the whole thing is a step in the wrong direction. Beginners should be taught that it is an absolute neces- sity that they fully master all the minutia of the inside work- ings of a colony of bees, and after this has been fully learned, frames are to be handled only where a gain can be made by them. Work in the apiary is required only where a profit is to come from that work ; and that this handling and work must be done at the right time, in the right manner, and in the right place, if they would become successful apiarists. It is with pride that I look at our achievements in apicul- ture during the past third of a century, and I doubt the advis- ability of our now going back to the guesswork of our fore- fathers. Rather let us keep climbing the hill of scientific api- culture till we shall have reacht the loftiest table-lands, and from there shout forth the victory which may come to us through this always forward movement. Let the watchword be " Forward, March!" Forward, till the unfathomable depths of the prcscjit, are reacht in the future; till the mind has graspt all that the mind of the Infinite has intended we should understand of this our beloved pursuit. Onondaga Co., N. Y. Against the "Weed" Deep-Cell Fouudatiou. BY THOS. G. NKW.MAN. I have read with interest the articles in the bee-periodicals by Mr. T. F. Bingham and Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson about the use of the new " Weed " foundation, and must say that I share their apprehension respecting the effect it may have on the pursuit of honey-production and honey consumption. For years I fought the statement of Prof. Wiley, that combs could, or would, be made by machinery, filled with honey, and bo placed upon the market. I stated that it was untrue, and even went so far as to say that I did not believe that it could be done. I desired to protect comb honey from the suspicion which 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 195 might attach to it, if it was thought that the cotnbs could be made and filled with adulterated, glucoscd, or bug-juice honey, or even the poor qualities of dark and unpalatable nectar. I wanted to lieep the sections of comb honey so far above suspicion, that the fact of their being so put up, would be a guarantee of purity — virgin comb, tilled with God-given nectar by the bees, and fit for the banquet of " the gods of old Olympus," or for any mortal or immortal being in the uuiverse. I tremble for the results, as I notice the efforts now being put forth to make the cells nearly one-half an inch deep, by the ?ict(' foundation comb of the " Weed " pattern. It comes too near — horribly too near — to the manufactured comb de- scribed by Prof. Wiley a dozen years ago. Is it not putting a club into the hands of the enemies of the pursuit, to beat out the brains of the apiarists '? If not, il is standing on dangerous ground ? True, I grant you, it is intended for honorable work, but It makes dishonest work possible, and should be shunned as you would an adder? I surely think that it will injure the sale of honey, and destroy the pursuit, unless a halt is called. Another danger is seen. It may give chance for the " mid- rib " scarce to arise again, and be a detriment to honey con- sumption. To apiarists, let me say, do not think of such a thing as using even tliin brood-foundation in the sections, nor countenance this Weed abomination. The remark of Mr. T. F. Bingham is to the point, and very appropriate. He says : "Butter is butter, but melted butter is grease ; so comb is comb, but melted comb is wax." Let us be very careful not to allow the pursuit to be injured by the use of too much ivax in the sections of comb honey. San Francisco Co., Calif. [As Mr. Newman has had no experience with the new deep-cell foundation, any more than has Mr. Hutchinson or Mr. Bingham, their suggestions can be taken only as an opin- ion. We do not anticipate any of the ill-effects mentioned in the foregoing. At any rate, itwill be well to waitbefore pass- ing judgment until bee-keepers have had an opportunity to fairly test the deep-cell foundation on a small scale. Then if it proves to be too " fishbony "or " raid-ribby," or in any way threaten the destruction of the industry, its use can very easily be discontinued. In the meantime, let us not work up any unnecessary or undue excitement over the matter. Mr. Weed, the inventor, is not a vicious man, nor are the makers of the deep-cell foundation anxious to ruin the honey-industry, for by so doing they would but ruin themselves. — Editor.] Bi-Sulphlde of Carbon a Foul Brood Remedy. BY C. DAVENPORT. Ever since I began bee-keeping I have had a great dread of foul brood, and until but a few years ago, comparatively speaking, its appearance in a yard usually meant the total destruction of the whole apiary. But now that the nature of the disease is known and understood, it can be cured by a method which probably all who read this understand. This method is, tho, a great deal of work and a large expense, as it involves the destruction of all the frames and combs in the hives of the colonies affected. There are a few who say that it is not necessary to boil or disinfect the hive itself in any way. In curing the disease by the method of changing frames twice, I have no doubt that a cure will sometimes be effected if the hive is not disinfected, for if there are germs of the disease in any small amount of honey that may be left inside the hive, this will at once be consumed by the bees and used in comb-building, or stored in the first set of combs, the same as the diseased honey with which they are filled at the time of removal. But itseenis to me there might be cases in which some infected honey in a crack or hole in the hive, where the bees could not reach it, would cause the disease to break out again. I believe the majority of the best authorities on the matter consider it necessary to disinfect the hive. I believe that X have discovered a method by which this disease may be cured with much less work and expense; the frames and combs, as well as the hives, are saved, and any honey that may be in the infected combs is saved, and does not have to be extracted or removed from the combs. The healthy brood can also be saved without much work. Three years ago last summer I conducted a great many experiments with different kinds of drugs, trying to find a better method of killing moths in comb honey than by the use of sulphur. I was unsuccessful in tbic, for the fumes from any drug I tried, that would kill the moths, also injured the flavor of the honey. In these experiments I found that the fumes from bi-sulphide of carbon were very penetrating ; they would go right through and through a comb of honey. This fume, or gas, is also deadly poisonous. But it all evaporates from the honey after it has been exposed to the air for some time. Honey treated by this method, tho, seems to become thinner, and the flavor is injured, but it is all right for the use of the bees, and the combs are not injured any, no matter how long they are si bjected to the fumes. I decided that these fumes were strong enough to kill the germs of foul brood or any other disease. I did not have, nor never have had, any foul brood among my bees, but I thought if it ever did appear I would give the matter a trial. The next summer, however (which was two years ago), I resolved to send for some samples of foul brood, and after a good deal of correspondence over the matter, I received three samples by express. Two of them were not foul brood, altho they greatly resembled it ; the third was genuine foul brood, in an advanced stage of rottenness ; it was a piece of comb about 6 or 7 inches square, containing some honey, and about X of the cells contained dead brood in different stages. This was treated to the fumes of bisulphide of carbon over night, or about 10 hours. A colony was isolated from the rest, and the piece of foul brood laid on top of the brood-frames near the center of the hive; the cover was placed on, and prest down, which masht it so that it ran over the combs, brood and bees. The front of the hive was raised so that none of it would escape. No signs of the disease have appeared in that colony as yet. Now, if the bacilli and spores of foul brood can be killed by this means (and in my mind there is not a doubt but what they can), a tank could be made large enough so that several hives could be treated at once, if there were many colonies affected. Only a few extra hives with frames would be neces- sary, for the infected hives and combs could, after treatment, be used for the second change. Combs containing healthy brood could be tiered up on one or two hives, and these then treated after the brood had hatcht. No frames, combs or hives would be injured in the least by this method. While frames are not very expensive, their cost, with the freight, work of nailing them together, and a sheet of .foundation for each one, would make quite an item if many colonies were affected. I think all will see the great advantage this method would possess over destroying the frames and boiling the hives, for it would not be nearly as much work to disinfect them as it would to nail new ones together, to say nothing about their cost. The cost of the bi-sulphide of carbon would be but a trifle. To disinfect combs by this method, all that is necessary is to place them in a very tight box, with some of the carbon in an open dish, so it will have a chance to evaporate. The box should be as nearly air-tight as it is possible to make it. The amount of carbon to use does not matter, so that there is enough; for any that does not evaporate will be just as strong, or good, to use the next time. Moths in brood-combs can also be destroyed by this plan, which also kills the moth-eggs, if there are any. But as this method injures the flavor of the honey. If it were used as a means of killing moths in surplus comb honey, our industry would be greatly injured, if not destroyed. Before closing, I will add a word of caution about the use of bi-sulphide of carbon. It is not only very inflammable, but it is explosive as well. No one should ever go near it, or the fumes from it, with a light or fire of any kind. Southern Minnesota. ^ Pres. J, M. Hick's Address Before the Indiana State Convention. I would like to suggest several thoughts for consideration for our mutual benefit. First, It occurs to me that we all should try to economize our precious time to the best interest of each and every sub- ject of importance to the bee-keeper. Second, That in doing so, we not only advance the best interest of those who keep bees for profit, but also that of every farmer and fruit-grower in the State. Third, Let me admonish you, one and all, that it is well known by many who have kept bees in years gone by, as well as those who keep bees now, that almost all the natural re- sources for bees have, by natural causes of civilization, been greatly and materially lessened in our State; hence it should 196 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1, become a matter of interest to us all to look well to the best methods of furnishing the best means of supplying our bees with pasturage for honey. I have no fears of failure in keep- ing bees for profit, if we have plenty of pasturage for them to work on. This can, in many ways, be supplied both by the bee-keeper and many times by his neighbor ; and that, too, with double profit to both. Fourth, This now brings me to the subject I most desire, for the greatest good to the greatest number — that of proper legislation by the law-making power of our State, to exempt bees from taxation, in order that we may, as an organization, try to induce more of our citizens to go into bee-keeping, at least to keep a few colonies. It is a well-known fact, that at the present time there is not one colony of bees kept in our State where there were at least 50 colonies 40 years ago ; neither is there one pound of honey or wax produced where there were 50, years ago, by those of our primitive bee- ktepers. I wish I could impress the idea upon this Association, of the great importance of having a full and careful report of the proceedings of this Assocation each year, so that they may become of more interest to each and every bee-keeper of our great State. It is a noted fact, as a practical illustration, that the county of Clinton, now leads in our State the greatest number of colonies of bees, there being within her borders 1,998, and yet there were in the same county nearly 0,000 colonies in 1856. And in Ohio county there were, iu 1856, 1,239 colo- nies ; at present only 19 L. So it is to-day In nearly all the 92 counties of our great agricultural State ; we find less than a fourth as many colonies as were kept 40 and 50 years ago. I feel it my duty to inform you of the facts, and if possi- ble let us all put our shoulders to the wheel, and try to correct such mistakes by at least asking our law-making powers to place all the bees of our State on the free list, so that all who may wish to have few or many colonies may do so free of taxation. This, to my mind, would be quite an encourage- ment, or incentive, for all who may wish to start again, as well as those of us who may wish to increase our depleted apiaries, and thus materially aid our agricultural brethren, as well as all who may be engaged in and are raising the various fruits of the State. And thus we become mutual benefactors, and greatly add to the material interest and wealth of all good citizens of each community. J. M. Hicks. Proceedings of the Colorado State Bee- Keep- ers' Couveutlou. REPORTED BY F. L. THOMPSON. [Continued from page 182.] CARBOIJC ACID AND PINE TAR A CURE FOR FOUL BROOD. Some three years ago, after trying for two years or more to gel rid of foul brood in my apiary, and using every remedy that I then knew or could hear of, and haviug failed to suc- ceed, I concluded to try what a number of people said was the only sure cure. Accordingly, I supplied myself with a liberal supply of sulphur and killed all my bees, and of course got rid of all the foul brood — and bees also. I then gathered all the dead bees together and cremated them. The following season I purchast new swarms, and put them into new hives, and for two seasons was free from the dreaded disease. About a year after killing my bees, I saw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, an item giving a remedy that was copied from the Deutsche Imker, that imprest me as being one worth trying. I lookt through Gleanings to find some notice of It editorially, but found none; however, I made a note of it, thinking if my bees were ever troubled with foul brood again, I would try It. Last season the opportunity came, and I tried the cure, and watcht Its results with a groat deal of Interest and satis- faction. On examining my bees In May, I found four colonies that were Infected with foul brood — two slightly, and two very badly. I immediately moved them out of the apiary some 30 rods, and began treating them, looking after them about twice a week. After about three weeks the colonies that were slightly infected only, seemed to be rid of foul brood, and were strong ; and when the honey-flow commenced I put on the supers, and they filled two each; and in the two badly in- fected colonies, at the end of two months I was unable to find a trace of disease, and they were very large, strong colonies. I examined them carefully several times before the close of the season. The remedy or cure is very easily applied, and is as fol- lows : The pure carbolic acid one part, common pine tar one part (or half and half) ; mix thoroughly. Get a shallow tin box for each colony; with an awl perforate the cover in order to let the odor escape ; put about two tablespoonfuls of the mixture in it and place in tbe center of the hive, under the frames, and if in three months the foul brood has not disap- peared, renew it. This is the cure, and I believe it to be a sure cure, from my experience. Col. Whipple. Mr. Adams — Liquid carbolic acid bought at the drug store is anywhere from 35 to 90 per cent. pure. To get it pure, buy the crystals and melt it, with a tablespoonful of water to a pound of acid. I have used exactly the same ingredient (with the addition of turpentine, which I think is an improve- ment) as a disinfectant of chicken-houses, etc.; also when ex- posed to diphtheria, with success. It never occurred to me to apply it to foul brood, but I believe it would be a good thing. Col. Whipple — The colonies treated are the strongest in the yard. Mr. Rhodes — Sometimes the brood is dried up and covered with honey, and the disease appears the next season. Col. Whipple — I examined just for that. I markt the in- fected portions. Mr. Tracy — I have not tried carbolic acid as a remedy, as it was claimed by Mr. Root to be ineffective. Why does Mr. Root say there is no virtue in carbolic acid ? I have been using carbolic acid as a preventive each spring for six years. There was foul brood all around, up to within half a mile, but I had none during that time. Col. Whipple — Mr. Root doesn't know everything ! It takes a novice to try these things. Mr. Rhodes — But old, sealed honey keeps the disease. The remedy does not lake out the foul brood which is dried at the bottom of the cells. I have here a sample of comb brought by the Secretary, in which you can see the foul brood dried at the bottom of the cells. Col. Whipple — The remedy kills the germ — what differ- ence does it make if it is covered up afterwards ? Mr. Adams — If it is covered up before the remedy is ap- plied, the remedy cannot act. Mr. Rhodes— One must be cautious in trying such things, and be sure to make good work. VicePres. Porter— Mr. Whipple did his work In a thor- ough way. I askt him to preseut the matter; not that I think it absolutely certain. I i.ever did have any faith in " sprinkling ;" but this is different. Mrs. Booth— I shall try it, even if Mr. Whipple's bees do have the foul brood again. Mr. Dudley — Our bee-keepers follow the plan of trans- ferring to new hives and sheets of foundation. It is more laborious, but has given good satisfaction. Col. Whipple— I tried the transferring plan, and took a great deal of pains. Iu the fall of the year I found 10 or 12 colonies infected with foul brood. I tried it for two years and did not succeed, then killed the bees. Mr. Brock — Were you near other apiaries where there was foul brood ? Col. Whipple— I do not know. Mr. Brock — One season I transferred the whole yard, and foul brood returned. I laid it to the surroundings. I trans- ferred another time when there was no foul brood in reach, and to-day those bees are in good condition. Col. Whipple— For two years after killing 1 had no foul brood. Hence, there seems to have been no foul brood around. H. Rauchfuss— It is not easy to keep foul-broody combs away from bees. The best honey-house is not safe. You might have got it that way. And then, it is said that the germs float In the air. Even if the bees wore kept away, the combs might bo a source of infection. Col. Whipple— I melted all my combs soon afterwards. Mrs. Booth -^Cau honey be disinfected by boiling? I burnt frames and combs; boiling the honey a long time, and put some carbolic add In. Will this do to feed the bees ? 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 197 Mr. Adams — There is not a particle of danger. The honey ought to be thinned. Vice-Pres. Porter — I always feed it back. I add no acid. It should be thinned, boiled until it foams, and the foam skimmed off. There is no possibility that a germ can live in boiling water. Col. Whipple— I believe the sun's rays are enough to kill the germs, but I always boiled the honey. Mr. Adams— The sun's rays will kill dry foul brood, but not foul brood in honey. Mr. Booth — Is foul brood animal or vegetable ? Mr. Adams — It has the power of locomotion, but is a vegetable. FOUL BROOD LEGISLATION. The report of the legislative committee was resumed. It vras stated that as one member, Mr. Adams, lived away from Denver, and as there had been some delay in correspondence, Mr. Adams was not responsible for most of the changes pro- posed in the preseut law relating to bee-diseases. The first change was to add to the first section, which relates to the appointment of inspectors by County Judges, at the request of the President or Secretary of the Association, or of five actual bee-keepers of the couuty, a clause providing that such persons appointed should have previously past an examination before a committee appointed by the Secretary of the State Association, and authorized by the State Agricultural College. Mr. Booth — The inspector should hold a certificate from the college, as the horticultural inspectors do. But perhaps we had better not meddle with the law. We may lose it en- tirely by so doing, as there is a disposition to oppose it in some quarters. Secretary Rauchfuss here read a letter from the inspector of Montezuma county, Mrs. A. J. Barber, in which she said that for several years that county had been without an in- spector, though one was needed, because the County Judge had refused to appoint one, alleging the unconstitutionality of the law. Last year a new County Judge came in, and an inspector was appointed. Mr. Brock — The Association should pass upon the man, not the college. Mr. Rhodes — The Judge is not the man to decide on the constitutionality of the law. I am not in favor of amending the law at present. Mr. Adams — Is the law constitutional until declared un- constitutional ? H. Rauchfuss — If the law is not amended, it will be repealed, there is so much opposition. We had better have no law than the present one. "The bee-keepers are at the mercy of the inspector. It is very easy to tind five bee-keepers who don't know much. How many of our inspectors are selected by i^ompetent bee-keepers ? Mr. Adams — The inspector is also at the mercy of the law. I would much rather have our present law than none at all. None but an expert could have kept bees without it. Mrs. Booth — My trouble was to get an inspector to come. I have no fault to find with the bee-inspector. Vice-Pres. Porter— There is a penalty for the inspector. He can be removed from office. Mr. Booth — No inspector inspects in the winter. H. Rauchfuss — But there is nothing to prevent him from doing so. An inspector may be incompetent. I know that a certain lot of bees was moved on the certificate of the inspector that they were free from foul brood. I found the disease among those bees before and after the certificate was given. Vice-Pres. Porter — Five bee-keepers in one's own county are better than a certificate from Ft. Collins. As a whole, there has been very little complaint under the law. The work has been well done. Mr. Rhodes — We want all the defects of the law brought out, provided the law is not broken down. Mr. Sylvester — It is claimed that foul brood may be an advantage to those who are posted — it keeps other people's bees from multiplying ! There is too much authority given to the inspector, but I have not known of an inspector who took advantage of it. The only trouble is that taxes may be in- creast by some one who wants to make money. My opinion is that the law should remain as it is, unless you want it re- pealed. I think formic acid and lysol are far preferable to carbolic acid. It is reported from Hamburg that foul brood germs are almost everywhere. Nature has provided formic acid in the honey to destroy the germs, provided they are not too excessive. Foul brood sometimes disappears In a good flow of honey. I should use lysol and pine tar. Vice-Pres. Porter — It takes some time to find the right proportions of these new disinfectants. The contiauous odor from carbolic acid and pine tar strikes me as likely to be effective. The rest of the proposed amendments were then read, and the first section read again. Mr. Tracy — A committee of practical bee-keepers Is better authority than the college. On motion, action on the amendment was deferred until the second day. Mr. Booth then read Mrs. Booth's paper on " Early Diys of Bee- Keeping in Colorado," which was not handed in to the Secretary. The inspectors' reports were then read. As the Secretary contemplates a classification of these, and a comparison with former years, they will not be given at present. Mrs. Booth — Supposing the weather turned too cold to inspect, after the inspector had arrived at an apiary. He ought to have his pay for the time expended. Mr. Tracy — The inspectors should be paid traveling ex- penses for a personal visit to the Association meeting, when they make their reports. Vice-Pres. Porter — Mr. Adams, how many years have you been inspecting? Mr. Adams — Six or seven. Vice-Pres. Porter — How does this report compare with those of former years ? Mr. Adams — Of late it has been increasing, coming over from Weld county. My first year's report, as nearly as I can remember, showed 11 per cent, diseased out of two or three thousand colonies inspected; the next year, 7 or S per cent.; and next year, very little. The law saved our district. Mr. Booth — I was appointed a committee by the Horticul- turists to confer with a committee appointed by this Associa- tion on changing the law so as to allow of printing the Bee- Keepers' Association reports with those of the Board of Horti- culture, in accordance with a resolution I introduced in their meeting. It was stated in their Legislative committee that bee-inspectors had more authority than fruit-inspectors. To show the importance of our business, I will state that consid- ering the time spent, my wife made a greater proportion of money from her bees than I did from my fruit and farm. SECOND DAY. The reading of the proposed amendments to the law re- lating to bee-diseases was repeated. On motion, the amendment to Sec. 1, providing that an inspector should pass an examination before being appointed, was rejected. A clause added to Sec. 2, providing that the inspector should give S500 bonds, was adopted. Clauses in various sections, alluding to " any' source of infection," and designed to cover cases in which what were formerly apiaries, but could no longer be called so, yet were sources of infection, were approved. A provision added to Sec. -4, creating a Board of Arbitra- tion to settle disputes between inspectors and owners, was rejected, after being thus discust : Mr. Booth — Anybody may be found fault with. Let the owner suffer. I pity him, and for that reason don't want to give him any chance to get in a lawsuit. I remember a case in which the inspector proved to be right, and a man well acquainted with bees was wrong. Don't give any chance for controversy. A clause added to Sec. 4, requiring the inspector to make a second visit in five days, was rejected after the following discussion : F. Rauchfuss — Suppose the inspector says he can't come because he is not paid for second visits? 'The inspector of Arapahoe county is given orders not to make second visits. Mr. Adams — The inspector is free to act regardless of the orders of county commissioners. In 6 out of 10 cases It is not necessary to make a second visit ; but this clause compels him to add expenses to the couuty. Yet something should be added to protect the inspector. But he should not be com- pelled to make the second visit. Mr. Booth— We generally have pretty good men for county commissioners. If three or four bee-keepers talk to them they will graut anything reasonable. H. Porter — My commissioners refuse to pay for second visits, so I just let the matter stand. Would the inspector be allowed to go, providing he was sent for? I have been sent for the second time. Vice-Pres. Porter — Make it an original ease each time. If an inspector is notified, he has to go. We want to protect both the county and the inspector. To Sec. 5 the committee had proposed to add the follow- ing: " And should said inspector neglect to disinfect himself and assistants, or fail in the performaoce of any of bis duties 198 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1. as defined by this Act, he shall on conviction before any Jus- tice of the Peace, be liable to a fine of not less than $20 or more than $50 ; and after being found guilty on two occa- .sions of neglecting his duties as set forth by this Act, he shall be disqualified from holding his office." The part relating to disinfection was rejected, and the rest adopted, after the fol- lowing discussion : Mr. Adams — What constitutes di>infection ? It should be done between every two hives he visits. I do so. Vice-Pres. Porter — The inspector should carry an atomizer. The proposed addition to Sec. 7, forbidding under penalty the moving of apparently healthy bees in an Infected district In a county which has an Inspector, without a written permit from the inspector, was adopted. A change In Sec. 11, requiring the inspector to make his report to the county officials first, was adopted. A motion that the committee be instructed to add a clause restricting the expenses of the inspector to a certain sum was carried, but afterwards reconsidered, and the report as a whole was adopted as amended. No action was taken either to discharge the committee or to instruct them to present the adopted amendments to the Legislature. (Continued next week.) CONDUCTED BY OR. O. O. MIJ^LBIi, AULRENGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.l A Gentle Hint to Questioners. The desire of the American Bee Journal is to give the greatest freedom possible to all who write to it for informa- tion or otherwise. When a question comes for answer, it will receive earnest attention, no matter whether It be well or poorly written. But It does make a difference as to one's com- fort in the matter. Before me lies a postal card crammed full of closely-written matter not the most easily read. It would have cost a cent more for postage if it had been sent In a let- ter, but I'd a good deal rather pay the extra cent and have it in better shape. There's not the slightest objection to the use of a postal card, and In some respects It is preferable, provid- ing there is plenty of room on It for what Is to be written. But please remember that when a question, or a series of questions, is plainly written, without any crowding, it's a bit easier to get at what Is wanted, and you're more likely to get what you are after In the reply. Of course, there's no desire to repress questions. Send them along, even if they must be dimly scribbled on scraps of refuse paper, but if written with some attempt at neatness and legibility the effort will be appreciated. C. C. M. Contraction to Stimulate Breeding^. 1. In restricting the bees to a small number of frames in the spring to stimulate breeding, as described by yourself and Dr. Oallup, are the frames not in use removed from the hive? And if so, must the space all be taken by dummies? 2. Should the division-boards which confine this restricted brood-nest fit tightly at the top, bottom and ends ? S. At about what time in this locality should this process be legun ? 4. Pleise throw in any chunks of wisdom which you think might be of use to— Cuucklehrad, Dupage Co., III. Answeh.s. — 1. As a matter of actual practice, I don't do anything of that kind nowadays. Careful experiments made In France (t think it was by Prof. (Jaston Bonnier) seemed to reach the positive conclusion that the heat of the brood cluster was conserved as much by having brood-combs left in place as by using close division-boards. The experiments were made by having a healing apparatus in the dilTerent hiv.^s and under different conditions, and were given In detail by the French bee-journals. It seems rather rra onable to suppose that a close-futing division-board would be wariuer, but If it is, the difference Is not enough, I believe, to pay for the trouble of making changes. Better have colonies of such strength that there Isn't much chance to shut them down on two or three frames, or even four. However, if you want to try restricting them, there's no need to remove the combs from the hive, so far as the bees are concerned. Just put in your division-board, crowding the unoccupied combs sufficiently to make room for the division- board. If for any reason you think best to remove the combs, no need to replace them with dummies. 2. If division-boards are to confine the heat, the more nearly air-tight the better. But It's more troublesome to make them close at the bottom than elsewhere, and not of much consequence, for no warm air will escape at the bottom, but cold air enter there, and if all is close above there is no chance for escape of warm air, consequently no chance for entrance of cold air below. 3. From what has been said above, you may gather that I would begin it about May 1, but if you think best to begin at a different date, begin about the time of first spring flight when it's warm enough to open a hive without risk of harm from chilling bees or brood. 4. As you get to be less chuckleheaded in the bee-busi- ness, you'll probably settle down to have never less than eight brood-combs in charge of the bees at any time of the year, leaving to others the trouble of changing at different times, and breaking up arrangements that seem to suit the bees very well without your interference. Now that's the only chunk you get till you ask some more questions, which I'll be glad to have at any time. ^ I — ^ Size and Sliape of Full-Pound Sections. If you sold your sections by the piece, and wanted them to weigh full pounds, what size and shape would you use ? and what surplus arrangement for 10-frame hives? E. Answers. — I don't know that I'd want anything of the kind, but if I did I suppose I'd want them (If to be used with separators) about 4J-.4x4,'!ix2, in T supers. But please under- stand that you can't find a section of any size that will give you a uniform weight of one pound. At least I've never yet heard of a man who had succeeded in getting the same weight throughout a super in different colonies and in different years. I should consider it remarkable to find a super containing 24 sections with not more than X ounce difference between the lightest land the heaviest. Moreover, I should consider it equally remarkable to find a man who had for five consecutive years got crops of 1,000 pounds or more with no greater variation in that time than H of a pound between lightest and heaviest. From my present knowledge, I'd use T supers. Questions on Spring Management. As I purchast two colonies of bees last fall, and am hav- ing poor luck, and don't see the information in the Bee Jour- nal I want, I thought I would ask a few questions. I have lost one colony from some cause or other. I have them in the cellar, and when I found they were dead or dying, I brought them up, and on examining I found they were nearly all dead, but had about 10 pounds of honey, but It was granulated, and tasted rather old. All through the brood-nest were spots of white mold. This Is my first experience with bees. I gave the other colony two pieces of the honey, and they ate It. 1. Would it be policy to give them any more? 2. If they should live until summer, and swarm, would It be policy to put a new colony in the old hive? 3. If so, how am I to prepare it? Shall I takeout all the old comb, or put in a new swarm just as it is ? 4. When ought I to take them out of the cellar, and put them on the summer stand ? D. W. S., South Dakota. An.swers. — 1. There is a great deal more danger of giving too little than too much food. The only danger as to giving too much is that if the brood-nest is too much filled with honey the queen hasn't room to lay. Possibly, however, your ques- tion may mean whether the stores taken from the dead colony are wholesome food for bees. As the honey is granulated, there is likely to be some waste In feeding It, but aside from this there is no objection to feeding It, especially at this time of year when the bees will soon have a flight. 2. Yes, the old hive will bo good to use for a swarm. 3. If the comb is clean and nice, it will need no prepara- tion whatever. Very likely, however, the combs are moldy. If vou h;t it remain in the cellar, everything In the hive will 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 199 probably become still more moldy. Better take the hive out of the cellar, and if you haven't a good dry place for It in- doors, you can put the hive full of combs under one of thein. The bees will do a good deal toward cleaning up the combs, and it can be kept in no better place till the honey harvest begins. 4. If soft maples grow in your region, watch for their blooming, and then take the bees out of the cellar if the weather appears settled. If you have no soft maples, you'll have to depend on other general signs of settled spring weather. Take them out when you feel pretty sure there will not be a week or two of continuous cool weather so they can't fly. You'll have to do morejor less guessing about it at best. Try to strike on a good day for putting them out, when the sun is shining, the thermometer oO^ or more in the shade, and no wind. Separators— Dovelailins— Faslcnins Full Sheets or Foiiiidalion — Hive Rabbets. 1. Can there be either one — tin or wood — separators used with follower-board in supers on the 10-frame dove-tailed hive ? 2. Is there any machinery now in use for dove-tailing, to make hive-bodies deeper than '-■i'^i inches ? 3. Can there be full sheets of foundation put into the sec- tions with the McCartney foundation fastener and section press, or with any of the foundation fasteners ? 4. Which is best, or most used by bee-keepers, the tin rab- bets, or the wood, such as are cut in the hive, for brood-frames to rest on '? R. L. H. Answeks. — 1. Yes, the same separators and the same fol- lower can be used in a super on a lO-frame hive as belongs to an 8-frame hive super, provided that in each case the sections run parallel with the brood-frames, and that's the way they run almost universally. 2. I don't know. But I suppose it would be an easy thing to have deeper if there was a call for it. 3. Yes, with any or all of them. 4. Probably the wood are very largely in the majority, be- cause a large part of the hives were formerly made in that way. For some time I think the only tin rests used were those that accompanied brood-frames with metal corners as used in the Simplicity hive. Those were made of a single thickness of tin, and were not adapted to have wood resting upon them. Since the introduction of the rests or rabbets of folded tin, they seem to be more popular, and at the present time proba- bly most hives are furnisht in that way. They are liked bet- ter than the wood rabbets because the frames can be moved upon them more easily, and there is less chance for the bees to fasten the ends of the top-bars with bee-glue. Wintering— Sliulling Bees Up— Laying Woriiei 1. My bees are too close together in their winter quar- ters. When will be about the right time to move some of them out on the summer stands, and the cushions off? 2. Last fall I united several of my weak colonies in the dovetailed hives, by setting one hive-body on top of the other. I find all the bees dead in one of the hives in the upper story — starved, with plenty of honey in the lower story. What was the cause of their dying ■? They were clustered right below the cushion. I put strips across the top of the frames for a Hill's device. 3. Will it be of any value to shut bees up in the hives in the winter, to keep them from flying out when they are warmed up by the sun, when the air is too cold for them'? I don't think noise will disturb bees if the hive isn't jarred. 4. Would bees better be shut up in the hives when first put out of the cellar'? I always let them have their own way. 5. What is best to do with a colony of bees when they have a laying worker ? N. English, Iowa. Answers. — 1. They might stay for some time yet, only the longer they stand after they get to flying the more they will have their present locations fully markt, and the more trouble there may be about their getting back to their own hives. So you may do well to get them on the summer stands somewhere about the first of April, and even earlier if it should promise weather when they can fly every few days. It may not be necessary to take off the cushions till about the time you want to put supers on. 2. The cause of their dying was just what you say — they starved. There was plenty of honey in the hive to keep them from starving, but if it was out of their reach it might as well have been a thousand miles away. And in freezing weather all honey is out of the reach of bees except that which is right In the cluster. The probability is that you put one hive on the other when it was pretty late in the season. The bees would not go down to where the honey was unless there came a very warm spell, and before that time came they used up all the food they had and then starved. You may still ask why it was the bees of the lower story left it and went into the upper story. Bees are inclined to move upward because heat rises and it is warmer above. When they moved up, the cold weather caught them before they had time enough to carry up enough stores to last them till the next warm spell. 3. No, one of the worst things you can do is to fasten bees in the hive. They'll want to get out twice as bad when- ever they find they're fastened in, and the uneasy ones will stir up the others. 4. They should certainly not be left shut up after they are on the stand. If troublesome about flying out and stinging while being carried to their stand, the entrance may be shut up with a very wet rag. You may also give them a little smoke just as you get them out of the cellar. Generally they will stay in their hives without anything of the kind it carefully handled. 5. If the colony is pretty strong, give it a young queen just out of its cell, or a queen-cell just ready to hatch. Per- haps, however, the very best thing to do with a colony that has a laying worker, is to break it up, and give the combs and bees to other colonies. Drones After Sivarniing — Cutting Sweet Clover. 1. What part, if any, do drones act in the economy of the hive after the swarm has come out and the young queen has been fertilized? Is it not as well, or better, to kill them off, and save feeding them ? 2. Would it do to cut sweet clover the first year for hay ? In this country sweet clover gets IS or 20 inches high the first summer, and if it could be cut for hay then, and again when in bud the next year, and still make fall pasture for the bees, it would be quite profitable from a hay point of view. What I am trying to do is to lengthen the honey-flow in the fall, as we have from four to six weeks after the middle of August that there is nothing coming in. Oregon. Answers. — 1. The only use that has ever been suggested is that they help to keep the brood warm. This, however, will be as well or better done by the same weight of workers. By the time the young queen is fertilized after a swarm has issued, there will be only sealed brood in the hive, and this requires very little care on the part of the bees. Indeed, in ordinary weather at the time of swarming, the sealed brood that is well along will not only hatch out if it is left out of the hive, but will produce heat enough to help keep warm the younger brood. As a rule, you may be the gainer to kill off the drones, but it would be much better economy never to have allowed them to be reared. The best you can do at re- pressing the rearing of drones, there will probably still be more than enough for all needs. Remember that when left to themselves, each colony will rear as many drones as though no other colony were within a thousand miles, and in an api- ary of 120 colonies each colony will rear enough drones for itself and all the other colonies. 2. Sweet clover is one of the late growers, and if cut the first year at any time when the weather is hot enough to cure the hay, it will have plenty of time to recruit sutficlently to pass the wiuter, and that's all you want. If you can get a growth of IS or 20 inches the first year (it sometimes grows twice that), by all means take from it a crop of hay. If you have white clover or some other bee-forage that yields during the first blooming of sweet clover, it will pay to cut the sweet clover at or before the time of its budding for bloom, even if the hay should be worthless for stock. For the later bloom- ing may be worth more to you than a crop of hay would be. Of course, it will be still better if the cutting gives you a crop of usable hay. Couldn't you tell us something about the value of sweet clover for pasturage or hay in Oregon ? The BIcEvoy Foul Brood Xreatnient is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price. 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for SI. 10. 200 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1, CEORQB W. YORK, • Editor. PCBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 118 Ullcblgan St.. - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Botered at the Post-Office at ChicaKo as Second-Class Mail-Matter. VoLfflVII, CHICA&O, ILL, APR. 1, M No, 13, Editorial Con)n)cr)i^^ Our Advertisers^ we believe, are all thoroughly re- liable, and perfectly upright in their dealing. If not, we request our subscribers to notify us of any really unsatisfac- tory cases. We will not advertise for a firm that does not do a square business — not if we know It. We don't believe in helping dishonest people in the least. We are not here for that purpose. But we believe we can sincerely recommend all who patronize our advertising columns, and we hope our readers will share their business with them. Getting: Supplies Early. — Nearly every season there is loss and unpleasant feelings occasioned by delay in ordering bee-supplies. Many bee-keepers wait until the very day they need them, and then berate the dealer if he doesn't ship by return train. Of course, it is exceedingly annoying to have to wait for goods when you need them at once. But who's to blame? Your dealer can't fill all his orders for the season in one or two days. For that reason, whenever it is possible, you should send in your order several weeks or months in adv^nce, then you will be sure to have them on hand when required. Directions for Gro'wing: Allalfa.— An agricul- tural exchange publishes the following about sowing and growing alfalfa : Alfalfa seed weighs GO pounds to the bushel. For a hay crop sow 2-i to 30 pounds of seed per acre. For a crop of seed sow 1-4- to 18 pounds per acre. Sow clean seed. North of the latitude of Washington, D. C, sow alfalfa in the spring as soon as the ground is warm — from the middle of April to the middle of May. Sow in drills or broadcast. In the South and Southwest and in California sow alfalfa in spring or autumn. Sow in drills. In the South sow in drills 16 to 20 inches apart, and cultivate the first season. Do not cover the seed too deep. ^-••-^ A Union for Eacb Ohject.— Mr. J. F. Mclntyre, in Gleanings, seems to favor having a separate Bee-Keepers' Union for each object which beekeepers desire to attain. For instance, he would have one Union to defend bee-keepers in their right to keep bees ; another, to fight adulterators of honey ; another to put down fraudulent honey-commission firms, etc. Yes, why not have a Union to stop bee-keepers from using drawn combs of any kind? And another to pro- vent their using any other but the divisible, invertible, inter- changeable and turn-it-up-and-downsidoable hive? Certainly, let's have a Union for each individual bee-keeper, and then all be happy ! But, seriously, any one knows that one Union could just as well do all necessary work in the interest of bee-keeping as two or more, and save expense. But the amalgamation mat- ter, so far as the existing Unions are concerned, is settled. There is no need to waste any breath over that. So far as we know, everybody was satisfied with the result, as determined by the ballot, and that ended all discussion. The thing to do now is to push the new Union, as the old one has a large bank account — money on interest — and nef ds no more funds, for its work of defense was practically finisht long ago. About all it needs to do now, whenever trouble threatens, is to exhibit its court decisions and say, " We have a gold-mine of over §500 to fight with, so look out !" The next thing is to attack honey adulteration and honey- commission frauds. And the new Union will be equal to it. Xhat Combination Offer on page 170 is a fine one. Perhaps your own Bee Journal subscription is already paid to the end of 1897. If so, just get a new subscriber for the Bee Journal, and have the Samantha book and Woman's Home Companion sent to you or some lady member of your family. The book and woman's paper must both go to the same name and address, but the Bee Journal can be sent to some one else without extra charge. Just look at that big offer again, on page 170. It's one you don't meet with every day. «-.-»■ Benton*s "Honey-Bee " Bulletin.— Hon. Geo. E. Hilton, of Michigan, has sent us the following paragraph taken from the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Herald, of March 25: "Senator Burrows has introduced a resolution calling for the printing of 20,000 copies of Benton's book on the cul- ture of bees. There has been an enormous demand for this publication of the Department of Agriculture, and as many of the applications have come from Michigan, Senator Burrows introduced his resolution to supply the demand, the regular edition having become exhausted." Mr. Hilton makes the following explanation regarding the past as well as the proposed edition of the Benton book : The regular edition under the statutes was only 1,000 copies. I askt Senator Burrows, about a year ago, to intro- duce a resolution authorizing the printing of a larger edition, and 20,000 more were printed. He seems to have taken the responsibility upon himself this time, and bee-keepers of the United States should write to their Senators and Representa- tives in Congress at Washington, D. C, asking them to support the resolution. Geo. E. Hilton. The Deep-Cell Foundation.— Mr. G. M. Doo- little, always fair, has this to say about the proposed new deep-cell foundation, while his fellow-editor — Mr. R. B. Leahy — in the same March Progressive Bee-Keeper, says he will do all he can against its use : That Wked Honev-Comb. — I see in the bee-papers quite a little about the new Weed comb foundation having sidewalls half-inch in depth, or such a matter. 1 note that some are opposed to it, on the old line of " fishbone," that we used to hear so much about years ago, when comb foundation first came to notice. Now I would like to ask, with all due respect to and for the opinions of others. Is the bee-fraternity any better off on account of section foundation ? Hands up. How many hands do you see? Why, nearly, or quite, every one. Well, then, I wish to say that this new comb is nearer, very much nearer perfection, for what it is intended, than was the section foundation when first put before the public for what that was intended, if the samples I have are any guidance to go by. I have just made a careful tost with a sensitive pair of scales, and I find that there is no more resis- tance at the end of a piece of wire. In the sidewalls of the cells in these samples, than there is in the sidewalls of samples of natural comb that was built during the buckwheat honey- flow last August, and very little more than what there Is In 897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 201 the cell-walls to comb built during basswood harvest. But I find the septum to this high sidewall foundation, or comb, is quite a little thicker, or gives nearly double the resistance that the thin section foundation does, and two-thirds more than the septum found in natural comb built in sections. But when I come to compare this seemingly thick septum with that of the first thin (?) foundation sent out, I find that the first has four times the resistance that has the septum of this new Weed comb. I, for one, have hailed this high cell- wall foundation, with quite a bit of enthusiasm, and believe that we have arrived at a stage in our pursuit where we as bee-keepers, nor " unscrupulous men," will not tolerate any invention as imperfect as was our first efforts at comb founilii- tiou. Nor do I believe the Roots will risk their reputation on anything which will injure the honey markets by pushing it to the front. Caution is always in order, but censure should not be used till there is occasion for it. There have been several suggestions made that would in- dicate that a few people think the makers of this new deep- cell foundation are very careless and thoughtless as to the effect the new foundation will have upon the comb honey pro- duct in the eyes of the public. Now, we are not here to de- fend The A. I. Root Co. — they are well able to take care of themselves — but we wish to quote a couple closing paragraphs from an editorial on the subject in Gleanings for March l.'i. Here they are : The brethren must not forget that we had been experi- menting with this thing for about a year before we made it public. The quality of the comb honey, and the manner in which the bees accept the comb, have led us to put Into it hundreds of dollars. We do not even now claim that we shall be able to put it on the marl^liite ClOTer Seed.— We have quite a quantity of White Clover Seed on hand that we will send you at a bargain. A little of it goes a good ways. It usually retails at 2r> or 30 cents per pound, but we will tntill you 2 pounds for -10 cents, or for sending us one new subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a year. 202 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1, FAIRYLAND OF FLOWERS. A Popular Illustrated Botany for the Home and School. By MARA L. PRATT. Author of '^American History Stories,^' *■ Young Folks' Library of American ITistory" etc. ^Vk have no licsita- tion in .saying that you will rind it just the l)0()lv you need to teat'li al)out Nature, her flowers and her ])hints in a common- sense way. How many who have tried to teach l)otany to the little folks have stum- bled over the harsh unsympathetic terms. Lessons on the ordi- nary flowers, even, have often been ren- dered too difficult — much less could one attempt anything like a Flora. 15ut here a comi)lete Flora is given without a hard unscientific term. The common name so dear to children — and to adults, too, for the mat- ter of that — are good enough. For the first time this suliject is presented so that it becomes, as it should bo, a veritable Fairyland for the little ones. Hundreds of illustrations of flowers — so necessary yet so scarce in most botanies — adorn its pai^es, wliile the charm of Miss Pratt's inimitable style is thrown over all. The pretty poems, legends and stories connected with the child- ren's favorite (lowers also find their place within its covers. It's a handsome (|iiarto book, one you and your pnpils will treasure at home, as ■well as in the school. ThouEth many illustrations have been added, we shall continue for the present to publish it at the popular price of $1.00. A»n I UiAnnl iiff'iinn • We will mail this great Flower Book, postpaid, Vlll LlOerai UllCrS: for.fl.OO;orforSl.75wewillsenditwiththe Bee Journal for one year ; or we wn man it free as a prerulurn for sending us Two New Subscribers (.f'i. 00) to the Bee Journal for a year. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. iPROFIT iFRUIT ; DEPENDS LARGELY UPON THE EMPLOY- MENT OF BETTER METHODS. SPRAYING Helps Amazingly.: A\r ntukf 4'\i-fylliiiiLZ r..str:iy- ' inif. Forniuljis for iiisocl icicles; when unci ' ' ho\7 to sprny— Free. THE GOULDS MFC. CO. l'.l()vi(l SI., SENECA FALLS, N. Y. *.•.•.♦.•.♦.♦. •^•-•.♦-•.•-♦.♦.♦.♦.♦^ Mention the American liee Journal. 40 acres of land Bultable for the Krowlnp of oranges, lemons or olives ; situated In San Diego Co., Calif., with a well-equlpt apUry of ViO colonies of bees In grood condition ; :i- room house, with nood water. Apiary pro- duced over five tons of fine comb honey from 00 colonies of bees In 1895. Price, $;,0U0. Address. Dr. F. J. PAKKEK. HA:it 935 5th St., S-VN DiKGO, Calif. From Pure B. P. Uc)c:ks. Ulack Mhiorciis. Llpht Hrahmas— *1.25 per SlttUifT. Also, will stiiQ' and mount liirds and Animals to order: price, lor small birds and animals COo. and upward. PIniilM for milR clieap-lted and Black Kiiepburry. and Slrawborry. MUS. I,. V. AXTEI4L., Uast two years. We were frozen out in the spring of 1895, and drowned out in IsOfi, but we are looking forward to the season of 1897 with great anticipations tor a good honey year, as most things point in that direction. I would not attempt to get along without the American Bee Journal. V. F. Taylor. Upshur Co., W. Va., March 16. Wintered Finely. We had a very mild winter here— hardly any snow, and not very cold. Bees win- tered finely. I like the way Editor York goes after the fraudulent commission-men, and those that adulterate honey. I think Mr. Skaggs' suggestion is a good one, on ]iage 1(34. I like the Bee Journal very much, and would not miss it for a good deal. Where can I get seed of the Simpson honey-plant? George Lacy. Livingston Co., N. Y., March 19. [Apply to the seed dealers who advertise in the Bee Journal.— Editor.] Everything on the Boom and Bloom. Bees here are on the boom. Brood-rear- ing is going on nicely, but was somewhat backward last week, owing to the tempera- ture taking a drop from 70 degrees, Fahr., to 43 degrees, but it has again risen in the last three days to 81 degrees. Everything is on the boom, from the old Mississippi river to plants and flowers of all kinds. Plums have bloomed, and bees gathered a little nectar from them. Dandelion is beginning to bloom, but the bees do not work on it at all. Peaches are blooming, and bees gather both pollen and nectar from them. The large black or dewlierry is blooming pro- fusely in waste places and swamps. White clover is beginning to get white all over with flower-heads, but they do not seem to furnish any nectar until May, when we have some real hot weather, and every- thing is dry. Sunflowers are springing up, which means a good supply of pollen and nectar about swarming-time. James B. Drurt. Orleans Co., La., March 3. Heavy Loss by Fire. On March 5. while Mr. and Mrs. Van Allen were away from home, getting their little boy's broken arm drest, the bee-house owned by Mr. Van Allen caught tire in the roof, caused by a chimney burning out. It was not discovered till the Hre had made such headway that it was impossible to save the liuildiug or any of the contents. There was a strong wind at the time, which carried the flames over the outside cellar- way, so that it was not pos.sible to get into the cellar to save any of the -13 colonies of bees in winter quarters. The loss on the building and contents, including bees, sur- plus combs, automatic extractors, and other supplies stored there at the time, is $2,300 to f3,500. We were carrying some insurance at the time (we get $900 from i8y'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 203 that source), which will come quite handy at the present time. This loss is a hard blow on us, hut we wish to say to the readers of the " Old Reli- able" that altho we feel a tittle " Imnged," we are "still in the ring." We have one apiary left, from which to supply our queen-trade, till Mr. Van Allen can re-es- tablish his apiary, which he will be able to do by the first of June. He will buy bees as near home as possible, and stock his api- ary with (|ueens from the best breeders in this country. He expects thereby to start up with the very best strains of bees ob- tainable. Calls for price-lists of extractors have been coming in all winter, but since the appearance of our advertisement in the American Bee Journal, calls have come "thick and fast." Early in the winter we made what we thought was ample provision for our next season's business, but it begins to look as if it was going to hustle us to keep up with the increase of trade. The prospect for the bee-business in this locality was never better at this time of year. Last night the rain took off nearly all the snow, and today the white clover looks green and fresh. V.1N Allen & Willi.\ms. Crawford Co., Wis., March 19. A Beginner's Report. I started last spring with five colonies of hybrid bees. I lost one colony with moths, increast to 13, and took ofl: 220 pounds of honey. I put them into an outer apart- ment of my cellar, where they are shut off entirely from the vegetable cellar, and where they are not disturbed • unless we take a peep at them to see bow they are getting along. When the mercury was from 10 to 3.5 degrees below zero for a num- ber of days, it froze some in their apart- ment, but when the weather moderated it soon warmed up again. At this writing (March HI) they are all alive and appar- ently getting along nicely. I have various styles of hives, obtained of different farmers or bee-men who are not " up to the times." Most of them are one foot high, and of various sizes, gener- ally 17'4 inches long and 12 or 14 inches wide, inside. 1 want to adopt a uniform size, regardless of the ones I have. What size is best ; Are eight or ten frame hives to he preferred ? I have about eight acres in berries and purpose to combine bee-keeping with small fruit culture. The hail, however, destroyed my berry crop last year, but I am hoping for better success in the future. Winneshiek Co., Iowa. John Ridley. [Hives taking a frame the Langstroth size or there about— !)'^ deep, by 17^^ long — are most generally in use. Experts are not fully agreed which is to be preferred, the S or the 10 frame hive. But some think that the majority will finally come to the lO-frame hive.— Editor.] Honey-Can Caps— Drawn Combs. I have been tempted several times to en- ter a protest against the cap of cans in gen- eral use for extracted honey. The caps in general use are about one to 1 '4 inches in diameter, and I would prefer them at least two orS'j inches, and will give my h7i// for so large a cap: In reducing honey when candied or gran- ulated to a liquid state by heating, the honey expands, and it is necessary to get some out of the can by some means, and to my notion the cap should be large enough to admit with ease a tablespoon or small cream ladle. I bought, last fall, four cans of honey, and one can was double capt. the larger cap nearly three inches, but three of the cans 1 could not get a teaspoon into, and therefore it was very annoying. I hope those who practice extracting will insist on manufacturers using larger sized caps on cans for honey. I am engaged in the production of comb ^ SAftClHl ; much better than going for the kS!| doctor, and is quite as efl'ect- ',i^\ ive and costs less money. You /^B need alwaj s at hand a safe, ^V sure remedy like r//j\ pftas li'ch \vi\l hring instant relief ^%i tiotnfiutldfn illness and ^\i wotkoutaperma- ^^i neat cure. '^//l W'h J A POSITIVE CURE FOR WM BR3CHTS DISEASE //Sl URSi^.aiKY TROUBLES tes FErWALE COMPLAiNTS^ GENERAL DEBILITY IS|i^ AND MALARIA. K Cures also, all those diseases aris-]!g« K Ing from disordiTed Kidneys or Liv- Wa jfj er Large sized bottle or new style i:t.-ial \ww U> takiiiu" up all slack by expanding: uiul eoutractingf as r«'qiiir(*d by any di-j^ree ol' heat or cold. It is ",'.■> to ..s inches hi^h and will turn anything: but wind and water. Uouk on fonot' <'oiistru<'ti<)n M-nt free. KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.. No. 3 Rush i^t.. PEORIA, ILL. •^ MONEY Saved is Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL MM Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Aeents n'auted. BIG MONEY IH POULTRY Vf^t Stock anil Iiicultator8 if conducted ■iccordint: to "The Chautauqua Cuide to Big Profits" lusi out and sent postpaid without lb97 {.'utaloizue for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best etigs and stock cost no more if fiurchased of us. you can then sell your product to Lns and thnusamie others for high fancy prices, i-i We own 300 acres most eleirantly adapted to -poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY & PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y 7 A13 Mention the American Bee Journal, Our '97 Cataloff — 01-— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. iB yours for the asking. It is full of information. \^~ Write for It. I. J. STRIXOIIAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N.Y. Apiary— Glen Cove. L. I. QUEENS Smokers. Sections . Comb Foundation, And uil A|)iairiin Siiiijilk'H .,„, ,, — rheai>. Sfnil fur MlKh iUi.li.KLe. E. T. tLAN.iUAN, Opllptitlp, 111. 13A13t Please mentlou the Bee Journal. Onr Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Supplies accordingly. Send lor Catalog and Price-List. Address, K. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Box 187, SHEfioroAN, Wis. MAKE IT UNANIMOUS. Torirsau'Oa MirliiL-an Faruicr rnmincnci-d n.^iiiK J'aL'»*iuii.'e,anU:i(iLTwar(lsio..kan;tKcii<-v. JIi' n«.\v hu;isrs that hu can Iravfl over ;i5 adjoliiinif lai ins withiiitt K"i"tf "IT- I'aKt! Territory.' Ho lioprn lo iiirrii.sh I wo more, thus 'illhiin Kaps" and niakiiiu' \i con,s(M-iitive farms iihImk I'agu. Vou will llnd par- tlculiirs in Mar<'h "I lustier." PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. row of two posts east and west, nailing the front plunk 2 inches lower than the back one, but making it perfectly level east and west. This gives a slant of 2 inches to the entrance of the hive. This stand holds three hives; there being only fjur posts, makes it an easy matter to fight ants, simply by putting axle-grease around the posts. Now comes the funny part of my experi- ence: It was with the bee-escape. Follow- ing up the directions, I put her, him, or it. on the hive the evening before 1 wanted to make the raid. I could hardly rest during the night, being so anxious to take off honey without a bee on it ! Finally the time came to raise the cover. I must have raised something else, by the way the bees came out. They were madder than ever I .saw bees before. (I wouldn't have cared if I had not had three neighbors come over to see how easy it is to work with bees when you are properly fixt!) If I had not been drest as heavily as I was, I would have been properly " flxt," sure enough (by the bees). The escape now hangs on the wall with a list of other curious things. Prank B. Atkins. Marion Co., Mo., March 2. Tennessee Bee-Keeping'. The Smoky Mountain system of bee-keep- ing is in a hollow log. or a box made of plank from 2>^ to M'^ feet long, and all of the bees kept in thfs vicinity are blacks. Some of them are crost a little with the Italian bees, and if they can make enough to live on it is all right, and it they dou't their keepers think they are not worth any- thing, and let the bees starve to death. I tell them I am reading the American Bee Journal and the little book, '• Bees and Honey," and that I have learned more by reading them than I could have learned in a lifetime of blundering experiments. I tell them they ought to subscribe for the American Bee Journal. Some of them say it is just a money machine, and others say that I have got the bee-fever. Very good; if the money machine continues for a few years, and my fever continues, I will show the boys who is the bee man. I have 0 colonies at present. I lost one a few daj's ago that contained upward of 20 pounds of honey. As soon as I found that they were dead, I drove another swarm into the hive from a colony that I had pur- chast for .W cents, which contained .5 or 6 pounds of honey. I never heard of bees being driven in February before. I was successful in driving them; they seemed to be at home, and well pleased with their new location. It was a poor season last year for bees in this locality. I only got 115 pounds from 4 colonies. It was too wet here. I fed my bees UO pounds of sugar for winter. Ou page Ht) is an article written by Dr. Gallup, that is worth the subscription price of the Bee Journal. G. W. Wilcox. Blount Co., Tenn., Feb. 21. Watering Bees. Seeing on page 11.5 something on water- ing bees. I thought I would tell how I water mine. I take a i>lank G feet long, 1',^ inches thick, and 10 inches in width ; in this I bore holes with a 2-inch auger a half inch apart, and '4 of an inch deep, with gutters from one hole to the other the same depth. These holes are bored within IS inches of the one end, leaving room to set a barrel, or half barrel, as described further on. I lay this board ou a solid foundation made of wood or other material, perfectly level sidewise, but lengthwise one inch fall in (i feet, or just so the water will pass from the supply. Now I saw a good barrel in two, and .set this on the upper jiartof the board, with a faucet in it near the bottom of the barrel. I then can regulate the water to one drop every four seconds, more or less, as occa- sion may reijuire. 1 put in the barrel floats of wood or other material, to keep the bees from drowniug. In the spring, when the morning is cold, I till the holes direct with ^ ^ ^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Olim ate or Resources, send tor a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RVRAI. PRESS, -.220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. OAL, CARLOADS Of Hee-lllvcs, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everylhing used in the Sni Bee-Industry. ■^ 3H| I want the name and address , 38^ ^^ every Bee- Keeper in Aiuer- f- jSg^ ica. I supply Dealers as well ^^ as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. vCraiion the American Bee -JmvmaL nillill'^ HONEY-EXTRACTOR I'iUUI N Square Glass Jars. Koot's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog-. *' Practicul HiiiiM " will be mailed for 10c. In stamps. Apply to — Chas. F. MutU & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mt^ntion the American Bee Journal. SEE THAT WINK ! itpfl - Supplies! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. FouUer's Honey - Jars. md every thing used by hee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight nte. Cat. tree. Walter S Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., Indi.vnapolis. Indiana. DVEnllSEMe^T, MENTION T1«S JOURNJU* 'V"En AMSWERIhiQ 1 1^- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for hie Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. 3n years* experience. If your case is sufficientlyserious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicafio. I HATCH Chickens «I ^teaJSz EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Perfect, Sr.l/-IiegiU,it- itiff. ThotiauiKts ia tiuccf.sHl'iil opcrnlion. I,nwent priced flmt-irliioA Hatcher iniidc (iEO. II. KTAIIL. I toigg S. 6th Wt. Qiilncy.ni. loRue. C 44 A26t Mention the American Bee Journal* f Early Italian Queens? Up tin the middle of Amil at these prices: Untested, 7oc.; Tested, $1.25. E. El. r.%KKIM<;TON, oAlTt Ue Fiiiilak Sprlii:;*, Fla. Yell, o Veil. 4»0 col- onies. There is no drowning of bees; if one happens to fall into the water, she has only to kick and she is on " dry ground " again. The cost is )?1, 40, I want to say " thanks " to the editor of the Bee Journal for his many advices in re- gard to fraudulent concerns, I have in my possession very inteiesting letters from Horrie and Wheadon, wishing me to sell my honey, but on looking in the American Bee Journal I could not fiud their names among the advertisers, so I thought I would hold on. Then I beheld the next week that the sentinel sounded the alarm, I wrote to Wheadon declining to sell my honey to him I may have made more than will pay for the Bee Journal for 20 years, I am down on the adulteration of honey. Long may the editor live to edit the Bee Journal, if he continues to expose frauds, I believe he will reap his just reward if he faints not, Jacob Moore. Ionia Co,, Mich,, Feb, 37, Coming Tnrough in Good Condition. My bees are coming through in very good condition, I am looking forward to the time when I can work with them, I do enjoy the American Bee Journal very much. There is a great deal of valu- able information in it, Frank D, Kbtes, Hampshire Co,, Mass., March 31, Getting Bees into the Sections. When I have more time, I will tell you my experience with the Hotfman reduced- depth (7'„-inch) frame, I have 2, (WO of them in use up to the present, with more to follow, I confine myself almost exclusively to comb honey production, and use two brood-chambers for breeding jjurposes up to the time when the honey-flow begins, when I remove the one, replace with a super of sections, and I tell you I have no occasion to waste my time to coax the bees to enter the sections, for they never fail to go. So whenever I read of section-baits, etc., I cannot help but smile. You are doing good work, Mr, York, and I am pleased to indorse your fearless meth- od in opposition to frauds and charlatans, California, Working on Soft Maple. Spring is on hand. Bees are working on soft maple, ani the fields are taking on their green attire. A, A, Baldwin, Jackson Co., Mo,, March 19, Value of Salt in Bee-Keeping. Having used salt for several years, for many things in caring for the bees and honey, with such good results is my excuse for offering it for publication. Salt is the best deodorizer for a cellar that I have ever found, as it leaves the cel- lar sweet and healthy for the bees. After the bees are out, and the dead taken up, and everything not belonging there is taken out, then cover the cellar bottom all over with a coat of salt, a fourth inch deep, or nearly that, and leave it there to dissolve. Two or three applications are sufficient to cleanse the cellar, and make it as fresh and sweet as a cellar that is just built. Where the floor of the cellar is made of wood, the Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of tbe Larg^est Factories and the latest and most-Improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and whitest Bass\%'Ood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Hasswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with_ best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention tlie Ameiicau Bee .Tournal, 7Atf HARNESS ' ' 4^^ FROM $5.00 UPWARDS. BARELE7 810.0O BOAD CARTS and upwards. For Style and Fioiah they can not be surpassed. CARTS {;, and BUGGIES \' This cut shows our S5.50 Harness ■which we make a specialty of and ■'^p- DEFY COMPETITION We also manufacture a complete line \ of GOAT and DOG HARNESS from Sl.SOtoSia.SOper set. GOAT or DOG CARTS from S4.0O to »7.00. Write for Goat Catalogue. BABELE7 #70. PHAETON BARKLEY 855.00 BUGOIEa aSpecialty, Wegaw- aotec 6atisfa£tioo. of Barkley Goods and Business Methods. It will pay you to do so. manufactured and sold to direct to consumers, sa,7in, ami dealer's profit. Write ] FRANK B. BARKLEY For 22 coDsecntive YEARS 'we have dealers, BITT NOW we are selling 5 you the travelinj^ man's expenses or illustrated rataloene and prices. Read our hook of voluntary Testi- ouials from our customers and see what they think CHICAGO, ILL. BAKKLET gIS3. CABRIOLET BEE-KEEPEES We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Sent! Tor Free Illiislrated Catalog and Prlce-L.iit. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agf iit for the Soiitliwest-^- ^- ^^^^Jt^osepiiTS Mr. Abbolt sells our Hives and Sections at Factory Prices. ' Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON" TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish Wllite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars In Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7J^ cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6>i cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price ; also in 270-lb. barrels. I^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL, 206 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 1. salt will preserve the wood, and make a lasting job, and also a clean floor. Again, I use salt to tell me when the at- mosphere is too damp in the room for the safety of my crop of honey, from July to October. One or two small dishes of salt— a tea-saucer is all right— are filled about two-thirds full of fine table-salt, and are placed on the pile of honey, and all 1 have to do is to keep the salt dry, for as long as dry and crumbly, your room is all right. Whenever you find the salt damp, or little drops of brine above the saucer, where little particles of salt have lodged, you may know that a fire is needed at once to dry out the room. I use salt in front of all my hives to kill out the grass, so that every colony has a clean front yard of their own, with no alighting-board to get out of place, as every hive sets flat on the ground, on a loose bottom-board. Again, I use salt to scrub my kitchen floor when it gets griudy, as a few quarts of coarse salt scattered over the floor when quite wet, and thoroughly workt with a broom, will give the floor a fresh appear- ance, the same as it does on brass or copper when corroded. Bees appear to be in fine condition up to date, but have another month to stay in the cellar yet, unless this spring proves an exception. Ira Bauber. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., March 11. IPUIWELY t LATEST 1^ AND 4' When you buy a * ♦ Thresher be enre to eet the one that will thresh li if cleanest, fastest ;8implest, bei^t built^will last the -^ ^ lonpest, and needs least repairs. The new Rum- 4x ITHRESHER * Thresher be enre to e' • cleanest, fastest ;8imp . lonpest, and needs lea ^ .^ ely Spparator, with Oncle Tom's Wind Stacker i» ' niid New Rumely Engiue, Batiwtiesall users and J ' huH all of these pointa and more that are ex- ^ fT i.l;iinedin nnw Ciit;iloj,'ue.— Sent, for the asking. -It * M. RUMELY CO., . LA PORTE,, IND.f ^^••••••••••••••^^****^**** Menti07i the American Bee Jounuil. TO REDUCE STOCK ! 5 per cent. Off On all Kinds of Supplies During March. jae~ Orders amountlnK to %n or more will be delivered f. o. b. cars Springfield, Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. 10A13t Mention the Am. Bee Journal. '^AGITATORS M AGITATED kr,|l III. stirred rKiiii . TheDEMING AUTOMATICS comtnn<'s more good qiinlitics iImh^ iinv nRllHliir tm tlic niiirkct. I'miH only ni, tV WKMIStl SI'HAVIMJ ■ OI'TFITS. Spmy witli lii>i.tclli AKfllt- 61-69 Jefferson St., Chicago. 5 C5 1 MenUon the American Bee JoumaZ. " (Jueeiis Given Away." f Gray Carniolans anil Golden Italians,? We will give :i fine Tested Queen (either race) to all customers ordering 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Queen t« all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers in August. Craclc and Prices Aorii July of Bees and Queens jun^ sepl Untested Queen $ .75 $ .65 Tested - 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Hestlmported '• 5 00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two •' ■■ •• 1.50 1.00 Full Colony of Bees (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We guarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. Descrtptiire Frire-Ijlst Free. F. A. Loekhart & Co., "-ake^^george. ISDtf Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°^i;'i„*-'°'- Can do the work of four tJ'Tl^^i'J'i^^aiMI men using hand tools, In « "".'IjIRB^BI Ripping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up, Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sniil on Trial. Catalogne Free. SENEOA FALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. T. 1 Aly Mentui.. the American Bee Journal, DiiQUESM { CollegYj Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dies Literary, Shorthahd and Typewriting. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pre». JUST ARRIVED! My first carload of Goods from The A.I. Root Co. has arrived, and I am In shape to fill all orders promptly at their catalog prices. Send for mv 36 page catalog ; also list of Goods you will need, and I will malie you spe- cial prices on early orders. 9D9t FREMONT, MICH. BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Or In Exchange tor Foundatioti— Sections— Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax l^'^^Sr^S A Specialty. t3^ Write for Catalog and Prioe-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Mention the Amcrtcan Bee JourtuU. RAAT S ( Get discounts on early orders rest niiitHriiil known toiiK-iihjiforiirt. Tll.■^ rinmot ftiil. HEATS WITH HOT WATER! Hiitciu«H every e^.■^: tlmt cim be liiitrbed. Send 2(.tinnp» for rntH- louNn.r,9 INVINCIBLE HATCHER COMPANY. Sfuinukikld. Uhio. i:iU.')l I'll asc mention the Bee Journil. Contention IVotices. Texas. — The next annual meeting of the Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association will he held at Greenville, Wednesday and Thursday, April 7 and 8, 1897. All are cordially invited to attend, X'tali.— The Utah State Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation will bold its semi-annual meeting In the City and County Building, Salt Lake City, April .'J, 1897, at 10 a.m. All are Invited to come and bring your friends. A full program in the interest of the industry will be pre- sented, amongothersubjects to be considered being the best method ot marlieting our prod- ucts, and how to best protect the bees from foul brood and other diseases. In union is strength, and by industry we thrive. The As- sociation needs your aid; then let all do their full duty, tor their own interest and tor mu- tual benefit and self-preservation. Salt Lake City, Utah. E. S, LovESY, Pres. Mr. C. N. Bowers, Box 73. Dakota, III.. is now mailinii' his Poultry Annual and Book ot Valuable Recipes for 1897, finely printed in colors, giving cuts, descriptions, and prices of 45 of the leading varieties of fancy lowls, with important hints on the care ot poultry, and hundreds of recipes ot great value. Over 1.000 premiums won at the leading shows. Prices reduced one-lourth. One of tbe finest books out. Price only 10 cents, postpaid. He will return money if not satisfactory. Do not fail to get it, as the book contains llO worth of Information. Please mention the American Bee Journal when writing. A Carload of litali Honey is in the hands of Pres. E. S. Lovesy. 3.53 6th East St., Salt Lake City, Utah. It is No. 1 honey, and the whole will beehlpt from ihereat 5^ cents a pound for the extracted, and 9 cents for the comb honey. Any one interested can write Mr. Lovesy. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. KeadwhalJ.I. PARKNT.of CHAULTON.N.Y.,8ay8— "We cut with one of your Coiu- blned Machines, luat winter 50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap, UK) honey-racks, 500 broad frames, 2.000 honey-boxes and a great deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- blves, etc., to make and we expect to do It with this Saw. It will do all you say Itwlll. Catalogue and Price -ijist . ...F. &JOHN BARNES, No. 995 RubyBt.. Rockford. 111. ^ TO BE HUNG I )^ Onn Shinole is now hung out, notifying the public that we are again ready to ship ^ueeus. Having greatly enlarged our facil- ities, can fill orders by return mall. Cioldcn Beanlios.S Uaud Italians Also Silver-Oray <'arniolan. Warranted Queen, 50c.: Tested, 75c. Make Money Orders payable at Caldwell. Tex. Send for Catalog of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Address, C. B. BANKSTON. llAtt Chbiesm.\n. Burleson Co., Tex. THe RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees in California. The Yields and Price of Honey; the Pastur- age and Nectar -Producing Plants; the Bee- Kanchcs and how they are conducted. In fact tbe entire field is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Besides tliis. the paper also tolls you all about California Aarlciilture and Horticulture. $1.50 per Year: Six Months, 75 cents. Sample Copies 10 cents. THE UDKAI. 00 Colo- lies of first-class Italian Bees. ioOO cash, to close out. Address, 10A4 S. A. liEEUS, Avery Island, lia. FOR SALE ^i?"'"'^'"'"'''"^- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 207 HONEY and BEESWAX I?lARKIt:X «IU0XAX10I\S- The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, eo far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancv.— All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other- wise. 1 n addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. diicag-o. 111., Mar, 19.— Fancy white. 11® 12c.; No. 1, 10@llc.; fancy amber, 9c.; No. 1. 7c.; fancy dark. 8c.; No. 1, 7e. Extracted, white, 5@7c. ; amber. 5®6c. ; dark, 4 He. Bees- wax, •J5ia'27c. Stocks are working down, but there is no improvement in price. The season for comb honey Is druwlng to a close. Anyone intend- ing to market in the cities should do so now. Albany, N. Y., Mar, 20.— Fancy white. 12- i:ic.: No. 1. 11-12C.; fancy amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1, 8-9c.: fancy dark, 7-8c.; No. 1, 6-7o. Extracted, white, .^-6c.: dark. 3Vi-4c. Demand is all that could be ctpected at this season. Stock on band small. Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 20.— Fancy white. 14-loc. : No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax. 23-25c. Demand Is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for Inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 14^0150.: No. 1 white. 12H(ai3c. Extracted, white, 6a7c.; amber, 4!4@5>4c. Beeswax, 22 ®25c. There is not very much honey In our mar- ket. Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. St. Iionis, Mo., Feb. 19.- Fancy comb. 12@ ai3c.; No. 1 white, ll@llHc.; amber, 9@ lOHc; dark, 7@8^4c. Extracted, white, in cans, 6@7c.; amber. In barrels, 4@4!4c; extra, 5c.; dark, 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 23@23Hc. -prime finds ready sale at 23Hc. San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 17.— White comb. 9-lOc. ; amber. 5-7c. Extracted, white, o-oHc; llghtamber, 3>4-4c.; dark tale, 2Xc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-26c. Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C ; fancy amber. s-9c. ; No. 1 , 8c. ; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7o.; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3^-40. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for com b honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. New York, N. Y , Feb. 20 —There has been a little better demand for comb honey during the last two weeks. Prices, however, will not Improve, as the season is too far advanced and plenty of stock laying on the market. We have a good demand for extracted buck- wheat, candied, and bee-keepers having their crop on hand yet, should now market It. Beeswax is quiet at 2e 28c.. according to quality. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar. 22. — Demand Is 8lo#for all kinds of honey, with a fair sup- ply. Comb honey. 10@13c. for best grades; extracted, 3V4@0c. There Is a fair home de- mand for beeswax, with a fair supply, at 22® 25c. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo., Mar. 22.— No. 1 white, 12® L3c.; fancy amber, ll@12c.; No. I amber. 10®llc. ; fancy dark, 9®10c. ; No. 1 dark, 8@ 9c,; Extracted, white. 5® 5Hc.: amber, 4^4® oc; dark, 4c. Beeswax, 22®25c. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.— No. 1 and fancy white comb, ll-12c.; other brands, 7-1 Oc. Extracted, white, 5-Gc.; amber and dark, 4-5c. Beeswax, 24-25c. Minneapolir« Minn,, Feb. 20. — Fancy white. 11@1 20.; No. 1 white. 10®llc.; fancy amber. 9@10c. : No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7@8c. ; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 0@7c. ; amber, 5®5Kc. ; dark. 4®5c. Utah white extrintcd, 5®3!4c. Beeswax. 23® 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted thiin for some time. Buffalo, N. Y., Mar. 19.— Demand Is some- what better Jor honey, although we advise markellng everything and cleaning It up. Strictly fancy comb. 1-pound, 10-llc. ; other grades 9-5c.. as to cjuality, condition, etc. Ex- tracted, 4-5 He as to kind and quality. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. CblcaKO, Ills. R, A, Btokett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiiiDRETH Bros. & Seoelken, Kansas Cltr, Wlo. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BuSalo, N. Y. Batterson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son, Pblladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway, St. Iionls, Mo. WESTCOTT COM. Co.. 213 Market St niinneapolis, Ifllnn. S. H. HALL & Co. muiwankee, ^VIs. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, Mass. E. E, Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, raicb. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCclloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, OIilo. C. r. MUTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central an. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5Ib 101b 255) 50a> AlslkeClover $.70 11.25 »3.00 15.75 Sweet Clover (white) .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. One Cent invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. m. H. HUNT, Bell Braucb, micb. WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this JOURfvi.. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH A Has No Sag in Brood-Frames \nt^ Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation lISO Bu lo Fisbbone In the Sirplas BoDef. Si BelDK the oleanest la nsnally worked tbe qalckeBt of any Fonndatlon made J. VAN DEUSBN 6c SONS, Sole MannfaotnrerB, Bproat Brouk MontRomerr Co., N. T. Mention the A.iiwrican Bee Journals Read ™«™:Rea(l E. T. Fi,AN.\o*N, Belleville. Illinois— IJear Sir— The Queen t received from vou last year beats any Queen 1 ever saw. If I ever need more Queens t now know where to get them. Yours truly, M. Smisciknv, Dealer In Bees and Honey, Brentwood. Ark., May 2. 1896. E. T. Fi.anaoan. Belleville, Illinois- Dear Mr— The 4 3-frame Nuclei and 1 full Colony 1 tioufrht of you last May, all arrived In e.xcellent order and have done exceedingly well, considering they had a journey of over 2,000 miles to reach my place in Idaho. Three of the Nuclei gave a large natural swarm each, and. In addition, stored over 100 pounds of surplus comb honey each. The other one did nearly as well. The full Colony swarmed also, and stored over 200 pounds of splendid comb honey in one-oound si cllon-boxes. 1 now have 0 good, strong colonies with plenty of honey to winter on, and have taken from them over 500 pounds of choice comb honey. I am well pleased with my venture. Yours truly. B. F. White. Dillon, Montana, Jan. 5, 1897. E. T. Fi.ANAo.\N, Belleville, Illinois- Dear Sir:— One of the 3-frame Nuclei I got of you on May S, is ahead of anything I ever saw. Yours truly. H. W. Savage. Baraboo. Wis., June 3, 1896 E. T. Fr.ANAOAN, Belleville. Illinois- Dear Sir:-From one of the3 frame Nuclei I got on May 8, 1896. I hive had 5 good swarms, one of which got away to the woods. I reared 13 splendid queens, and got 69 pounds of No. 1 comb honey from it ; besides plenty of honey to winter on. Can that be beat? 1 shall want about 35 Nuclei for my- self and about 25 for other pariles in the spring. Yes. sir, I am well satisfied. Yours truly. H. W. Savage. Baraboo. Wis.. Jan. 10, 1807. E. T. Flanagan. Belleville, Illinois- Dear Sir:— The bees and queens I got of you last season were very good, and pleased me very much. They are beauties, and splendid workers. Yours truly. E. C. Haskett. Palestine. 111., Jan. 10, 1897. E. T. Flanagan, Belleville, Illinois- Dear Sir:— I have bought Bees and Queens for the past 24 years from all parts of the United States, and I never received any that gave me greater satisfaction than the Nuclei and Queens I received from you. They are gentle and great hustlers, and as long as I am in the bee-business I will give you all my orders for Bees and Queens. You can book my order now for 4 Nuclei to be delivered the coming spring. Yours truly. Kingman, Kans. J. W. Young. Mr. Young has bought Bees anl Queens from me for a number of years. The above are only a few samples of re- ports from Bees and Queens I have sold. I have been nearly 20 years in the business, and it is a real pleasure to please and satisfy mycustomers. S^~ See small adv., and cut this out as It will not appear again. Send for Catalog to Box 783 BELLEVILLE. ILL. Mention the AMnerico//^ Bee Jcwmai. —I Would Like to See a Hive— That bees will build up In faster in the spring, or that is belter adapted for Comb or Extrac- ted Honey, or that Is easier manipulated than mine. It is Cubical and Self-Spacing Pat- ented April 7, 1896. Hives and Rights for sale. Address. CYRUS C. ALDRICH, 13A4t Ei.siNORE, Kiverslde Co... Calif. Mention the American Bee Journal For Sale Cheap During 1897. Italian Bees and Queens, and Boot's Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Address. OTTO KL.EINOW, 12A2t 122 Military Ave.. DETROIT, MICH. Mentkin the Americay^ Bee Journal, Friends In Want of Bee-Keepers' Supplies or llie Best Hive Call and see me when In Boston. 13A2t S. A. FISHER, 8'2 Water St. WHEN AnSWEBINQ THIS AOVEimsCHEflT, MENTION THIS JOURNAfc. 208 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1897. H 1^ ■■ H - — A Copy of LlILL Successful Hee-Kcepins, I n I r by W. Z Hutchinson : I Iftkk itod our 180T OataloK. for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog lor (lie Askliit£. We make almost Everyililiig used by Bee-Keepers, and at Lowost frlces. Our Falcon Polisiit Sections are war ranted Superior to All Otiiers. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie best— sncli an ive make. The Americau Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages 50 Cents a Year. Sample Free— Address, THEW.T.FALCOMRMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. T. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hives, $30 for the best 100 Danz. sections " 25 " 25 " 50 " " 20 •' 20 •• 40 " " 10 '• 10 •• 20 " 5 " 5 •■ 10 ^^" Further particulars regarding the pre- mimums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, furnisht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care Tbe A. I. Koot Company. I AEISE To 8Ar to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOIiITTLE has concluded to sell — BKB8 and QUBKNB— In their season, during 1897, at thefollowlns prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipping-box $6 00 Five Colonies asoo Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " louo I teste-l Qoeen... ti 50 S " Queens . 3 5o 1 select tested queens 0 3 " " Queens 4 (10 Belect tested queen, previous season's rearing . 400 Kitra Selected tor breeding, thb vkbt best. 6 0U About a Pound of BKB8 in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Uueen, $2.00 extra. 1^ Circular free, giving full particulars regarc- iDR the Bees and each class of Queeoa. Address 6. M, DOOLITTLE, llA25t BOKODINO, Onon. Co., N. Y. BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-lnch " Smoke Engine." Is It too large 'i Will It last too long'/ Will save you lots of mormy and Imd worde. Send for Circular. 6 slzis and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. KINtiHAni, Karwcll, Iflicli. 6Att Mention the American Bet JimrnaJ- l|G MONEY IN POULTRY lOAlUl Bl OUR LARCE UUIOti out. SiMiinihiiitf eiitirtit> iifuv. ilHJ piiROH. l*rinteil in iiiiet^t coldrt^it wni k. (lontiiiiiM everjt hiii^ portaiiiiiiy td Poul- try in rnll. PRICES REDUCED <>n Jst I'li/A! U inrnTs mid Eti«s, l'o-.l|mid rtit'tnpl oliricoiilK, if you write now. JOHN BAUS:H£E, Jr.. Box U4 Frcepoit, 111. MerUitxn Uu Anurican Bee Journal '''^ Dadant's Foundation ^''^ Year Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IN 20 'VEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, Wo Sagging', No Loss. Patent Weed Process of Sheeting-. Sentl I\anie i'ov Oni- 4:)ataIo^, Sample!-! ot Foiintlation and Teil Itlaterial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kiuds. lfMlf©STR©T'HI OM TMm MQFfE'Y^BlM'®, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. ^leMOWIO^e m n=i Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices ; No. 1 Snow-WIiite. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6.75 I No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-LiUt of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., §ent on application. 6A35t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. ROOT'S GOODS ! ')|^^^^m I®~ Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Now. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply " out of sight." Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through It. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896. Samples of the New Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. BK.A.N'CH OFFICES : ll§ miclii^an St., Ciiicaso, III. Syracuse, N. \. 1024 Miss. Sir., St. I>anl, ITlinn. Itlcclianic Falls, Maine. 10 Vine SI., I'liiiadcipliia, Pa. Mention the American Bee Journal 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 8, 1897. No. 14. mRS. J. N. HEATER. Last week we gave but a simple aDDOUcemeat of the sud- den and unexpected death of one of our best loved of women bee-keepers — Mrs. .' N. Heater, of Columbus, Nebr. This week it is with a sad heart that we record some of the partic- ulars concerning her departure, and somewhat of her devoted life and labors. Permit us to say that for much of our infor- mation we are indebted to the enterprising newspapers pub- lisht where Mrs. Heatsr'lived and labored. About three-montfis ago Mrs. Heater left her home to go to Kansas City, Mo., to spend the winter. She was apparently in the best of healv'a, and when on Saturday, March 13, a dis- patch was received that she had past away at 4 o'clock that morning, it created a ereat shock in the community where she was so well known and beloved by all. The funeral services were held at the family residence, Tuesday, March 16, the Rev. A. L. Mickel, of the Methodist church oCSciating, with hundreds of friends of the deceast pres- ent to pay their respects and extend condolence to the be- reaved husband. The particulars of the death are very sad. An operation had been performed on Mrs. Heater for some ailment, and was considered successful, but the administration of. the necessary anaesthetic had a bad effect on the patient's system, and she was taken down and continued to sink until the end. On Fri- day night, Mrs. Heater could not sleep, and towards morning, Mr. Heater, who was at her bedside, said to his wife: "Shall I sing to you ? Perhaps it will put you to sleep." The suffer- ing one nodded assent, and Mr. Heater softly sang a favorite song, and she seemed to drop into a gentle sleep, but, alas, the watching husband soon found to his sorrow it was the sleep of Death. Mrs. Heater was born in Defiance county, Ohio, March 5, 1866. Her maiden name was Annie E. Case. She came to Nebraska in 187.3 with her parents and settled in St. Edward, Boone county. She was married to Mr. Heater September 6, 1876, and in July, 1878, they took up their residence in Co- lumbus. Mrs. Heater was a woman of amiable disposition, warm hearted and of generous sympathies. She was kind hearted, a good neighbor, a loving wife, and merited the good will of all with whom she was acquainted. Before her marriage, Mrs. Heater taught school in Indi- ana and Nebraska. About 15 years ago she embarkt in the bee-business as a source of employment in the absence of her husband, whose business called him away from home most of the time. For many years she was the leading exhibitor of bees and honey at the State fair. She was one of the distin- guisht bee-keepers of Nebraska's bee and honey display at the World's Fair. She enjoyed the distinction of being the "Bee-Queen of Nebraska." In bee-literature Mrs. Heater was known far and wide. She was on the "Question-Box" staff of the American Bee Journal for a number of years, and many of her contributions on bee-culture have been publisht and widely circulated. In this sad hour, Mr. Heater has the tender sympathy of a host of friends who well know the loss be has sustained. It was our good fortune to meet Mr. and Mrs. Heater at the World's Fair convention, in 1893. Both Mrs. York and the writer were wonderfully drawn toward them, as we felt that in them we had found two true and noble persons. At the Lincoln convention, last October, we again had a very pleasant meeting with both Mr. and Mrs. Heater. We distinctly remember walking from the hotel to the convention hall with Mrs. Heater, one morning, her husband having some business to attend to that forenoon. Mrs. Heater was so cheer- Mrs. J. N. Heater. ful, so hopeful, and talkt on about her prosperous bee and sup- ply business, her property interests, her home, church work, and busy life in general. Her paper on "The Past and Future of Bee-Culture," read at that meeting, was a bright gem. It will be found in full in the publisht report. But Mrs. Heater is gone. No more will her sweet voice and winsome ways bless our conventions, or her intelligent pen grace the pages of our literature. But the memory of her life and loving deeds will ever remain, to encourage us all to be more faithful, more true, more Christlike. The Editor. Spring Work Among the Bees. BY W. M. BARNUM. The long winter's sleep Is now over, and the bee is herself once again. Those colonies wintered on the summer stands should now be cautiously examined. It may be that a little 210 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8, feed, given inside of the hive, will save a colony from starva- tion and death. It frequently happens that the dead bees will become molded together in large lumps, and it is well to re- move these putrid masses as early as it may safely be done. Many of the dead bees may be removed through the entrance by the use of a crooked wire or stick. This same advice holds true with the bees in the cellar, tho it is well to use the utmost care not to disturb or break the cluster of bees. Much heat and vitality is thus lost. By the time this appears in print it will be time to take out the cellar bees, selecting a nice, warm and sunshiny day, with little or no wind. In the spring bees require large quantities of water; it frequently happens, in early spring, that they are compelled to go to to the creek or to some quiet, ice-covered pond, and in filling themselves with the ice-cold water they become so chilled that many fail to ever reach the hive. To avoid this, I place a few wooden pails or dishes filled with warai water at convenient places in the bee-yard ; putting in a few wooden floats, that the bees may be enabled to keep on a more or less " secure footing." Avoid tin or glass dishes, as the slippery sides will bring about the destruction of many a bee's life. If there be any snow yet upon the ground, do not fail to scatter a little straw about — more particularly in the imme- diate vicinity of the hives. Inasmuch as dampness within the hive is greatly detri- mental to the comfort and welfare of the bees, particular care should be taken that the hive-covers are tight and water- proof. If the hives are far enough apart, to avoid danger of blowing off, a shade-board well weighted down, will keep the hive nice and dry. And this moves me to say that a shade- board is an indispensable article in every well-regulated api- ary. It is also important that hives be firmly and squarely fastened to a base-support elevated some six or eight inches from the damp and cold earth. A free air-space beneath is preferable for evident reasons. If you can find the time, level up the apiary, marking out the paths, etc. This work pays in more ways than one, and should not long bo neglected. Arrangements for the coming profitable season should now be completed ; have everything in readiness so that no time may be lost when time becomes valuable in a pecuniary sense. This is good management, and absolutely essential to a proper measure of success. I spoke earlier in this article, of encouraging the bees in early spring by feeding a little syrup. This must be done with the utmost care. If a robber-bee gets even the smallest taste, she will soon raise a disturbance in the apiary that will be apt to try the temper. Indeed, I have known this to end in the total extermination of a good, strong colony ; and to have given the whole apiary a set-back that a month had hardly cured. Again, if feeding is regularly continued for any length of time, and then suddenly discontinued — before flowers begin to yield — it is very apt to cause the bees to become discouraged, and end in their tearing out and killing all brood that had been started. So it is well to go at this with care and proper caution. In many instances it will save a colony from starva- tion, and is therefore a necessary evil, in all respects. A little rye-ttour in a sheltered, sunny nook will answer for pollen, if that is slow in coming forth. Upon these little things many of the larger things depend. Hottey-Vinegar Again — Questions Answered. BY C. P. DADANT. The following has been sent mo for reply in the American Bee Journal : "Mr. C. p. Dadant — Dtar Sir : — I saw in the discussion on making honey-vinegar at the bee-convention held in Chica- go some time ago, Mr. York made the statement that you man- ufactured it to some extent. I have a little dark honey I would like to manufacture into vinegar and would like to get your mode of operation. If you feel free to give it. What I wish to know more especially, is, whether hard or soft water may be used, kind and quantity of yeast per 40-gallon barrel, how to clarify with isinglass, etc. — L. Jonks." Our method for making honey and wine vinegar was given at length in the first number of the Bee Journal for this year. We believe that the kind of water used is immaterial. Wo would, however, if practicable, use soft water In preference to hard water; but the amount of mineral usually found in hard water would not, in our opioiOQ, affect the making of the vin- egar. We do not use any yeast, because we have at all times found enough fermentable matter in the honey that we use, especially if used in connection with grape-juice or the juice of almost any kind of fruit. But yeast may be used if it is nec- essary to start the fermentation at a season of the year when nothing can be had that will start it. As we have never used any yeast, we cannot give our own experience in regard to it. By referring to authorities on beer-making we find that they use about a pound of hop yeast to each barrel of liquid. This proportion would evidently be applicable to vinegar ; since the liquid has to pass through the same stages of fermentation as beer does. Acetic fermentation can only follow the vinous, or alcoholic, fermentation, and is only perfect In as much as the other has been complete. The two may take place in the same liquid at the same time ; but the vinegar thus made is not to be compared with thoroughly fermected juice, as it is sure to remain turbid for a long time, aad contains saccharine ele- ments as well. It would, however, do, in this condition, for sweet pickles, but such pickles could not be kept in an air-tight vessel, as the fermentation, which would continue slowly, would cause expansion and would burst the vessel. Let it be remembered that the most important thing in inducing fermentation in honey-water,or fruit-juice, is a proper temper- ature. I quote from the Encyclopedia Britannica : "The range of temperature most favorable to this process lies between '20^ and 24-' centigrade, or (iS- and 75^ Fahren- heit. Even grape-juice does not ferment at temperatures ly- ing too close to the freezing point, nor does it ferment at tem- peratures exceeding a certain limit, which lies about 60^ cen- tigrade, or 140^ Fahrenheit." I do not wish to be understood as criticizing the above, from one of the most responsible encyclopedias in the world, but I would say that we have seen the most active fermenta- tion, with our must, at about blood heat. Much depends upon the outside temperature. The higher it is, the lower may be that of the fermenting liquid, and vice versa. In cold weather we would want to heat our honey-water to 1203 or about. Let the reader bear in mind that nearly all sweets contain elements of fermentation. We can quote the same authority above named to prove that "cane-sugar, or honey, when added to grape-juice, ferments with the sugar originally present in the latter." Wine must, wine lees, or even a little beer, will usually be sufficient to start a fermentation in honey-water at the proper temperature. If plenty of air is given, the acetic fermenta- tion will begin just as soon as the other is complete, and often before. Remember that the stronger the liquid is, the stronger the vinegar will be, altho there is a limit beyond which it would be impossible for all the honey to transform itself. We would place this limit at three pounds of honey per gallon of water, more or less. Clarifying is a process that we have never needed, our cus- tomers having never complained of the looks of our vinegar. But if very clear vinegar is wanted, this process will be found very useful : To be ready for clarification, vinegar must be made, that is, it must have no more alcohol in it, or the continuation of fermentation would again cloud It. First, rack it by drawing it off the lees as carefully as possible. Then heat it carfully to 140^ to 175 , in order to destroy the vibrions (vibro aceti), of which I have spoken in previous articles, and which could not be precipitated until they are killed. After this, the vinegar may be easily clarified. We would use the white of eggs in preference to anything else ; because we know what they are. Four eggs are sufficient for a barrel. Separate the white from the yolk in the usual way, then beat the eggs with about a quart of water, adding a little salt, and pour this preparation into the barrel of vinegar. Enough must have been removed from the barrel to enable the operator to shake, or stir, the liquid, so as to mix the eggs thoroughly with the vinegar. The best way is to mix with a stick that will spread it evenly in liquid. Let it stand 10 or 12 days, then draw it off the sedi- ment. The egg acts exactly as the Isinglass, or fish-glue. The gelatin contained in it is coagulated by the action of the for- eign substances, and forms a net-work which is slowly precip- itated to the bottom, dragging along with it the impurities contained in the liquid. If isinglass is used, according to the " Maison Rustique," which has long been an authority for us, the quantity should be about an ounce for a barrel of 4.0 to 50 gallons. Should there be any point not thoroughly ventilated in this vinegar question, we will ask the readers to bring it for- ward while the matter Is fresh in the minds of the subscribers. Hancock Co., 111. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 211 Golden's Comb-Honey Management. Br J. A. GOLDEM. Dr. C. C. Miller has askt me to answer the following ques- tions from a South Dikota siibscrlbsr, relatiog to my method of comb-honey production : " 1. Do you make the brood-chambers with the bee-space to match the bee-space of the super, thus making a continuous passage from the bottom to the top of the super, or supers? " '2. Are the bees permitted to pass to and from the brood- chamber to the double super during the first Ave days after swarming? " Do you keep the queen caged inside the section-cage ? — L. A. S." Answrks. — 1. Yes, certainly, the bee-space must be maintained from the bottom on up, matching each super as tiered up, and a bee-space at the top of the brood-chamber entering at the top of the brood-frames, also at the top of the supers. I will just add for the benefit of those desiring to test my method : Take two single supers and tack on the little cleats at each end of the side. Then tack on a strip of thin lumber flush with the bottom, and extend )% or % of an inch above the top of the super— some prefer a K-inch bee- space over the brood and sections in place of a ?| ; then tack on top of the ends of the super a strip, making it as high as the side. F'old strips of tin the width of the super, and tack on the bottom of the end of the supers, letting them in the wood a little so the supers will fit when set on each other. This tin rest is for the section slats to rest on. Put the slats and sections in, and set one on top of the other, and tack a couple of slats up and down at each end, which holds them together. Now you have the bee-space from the bottom of No. 1 to the bottom of No. 2, and enters between supers ; also from the bottom of No. 1 to the top of No. 2, and enters supers at the top of No. 2, and when the cover is on, a bee- space over the top of the sections. The side bee-space should not be less than ^a of an inch, 2. Yes, the bees have full sway to go where they can do the most work all the time. Having secreted wax for comb- building, you will soon find that the new swarm has stored you a beautiful lot of section honey instead of brood-combs. See? 3. Yes, the queen is put into the section-cage by spring- ing up the wire-cloth at one corner of the cage, and remains there during the five days. Having placed the cage in one of the upper rows of sections, on the fifth day cut all queen-cells, place the parent hive on the bottom-board, super on top, and let the queen run in at the entrance with a pufl or two of smoke. Then keep tiering up. I also will add that before setting the super on top of the brood-chamber, lay a strip of wood under the ends of the brood-frames, sufB^ieut to raise the frames even with the side of the hive proper, thus giving bee-space above the frames, and the bees can't reach the bottom when entering the hive and scamper for the side entrances. Morgan Co., Ohio. Bees and Fruit— Coddling Moth Eggs Not Laid in the Bloom. BV E. 8. LOVEST. This is still a subject of much interest and agitation be- tween bee-keepers and fruit-growers. If all our fruit-growers understood this matter thoroughly and correctly, there would be no need or cause for trouble, and there is no earthly reason why any person interested should not understand the subject intelligently; but unfortunately at present they do not, hence the trouble. Altho it is 25 years or more since the first coddling moth larva was introduced Into Utah through the importation of fruit and shingles, yet prior to five years kgo there was no agitation on the subject, but about that time the trouble com- menced. Bills were framed and introduced into the legisla- ture by the dozen without any respect or regard for the bees or bee-keepers, and, strange as it may seem, it was almost the universal opinion that no good could be accomplisht unless the spraying was done on the bloom. In two instances the professors were pitted against us, and while they sympathized with the bees they contended that the spraying must be done In the bloom, or no beneficial results would be obtained. This belief became so strong that the conclusion was reacht by many that either the fruit or the bee industry must go, as there was no possible way to reconcile them. It was the uni- versal belief that the moth laid its eggs in the bloom, and un- less the trees were sprayed in the bloom the embryo fruit would grow over the tiny larvie, and that they would eventu- ally eat their way out. Thus the trees should be sprayed in the bloom, and if the bees could not take care of themselves they must take the consequence. Of course the bee-keepers viewed with dismay this state of affairs, but by organizing with the fruit-growers, the bee- keepers controlled the balance of power, and, as a rule, they protected their bees ; only in a few instances did those foolish theories prevail, and then the bee-keepers paid dearly for other people's ignorance. This occurred two years ago, when several thousand dollars worth of bees were killed, myself being a heavy sufferer; and when I remonstrated against the party doing the mischief, he said that he lost 200 colonies of bees in New York State the same way, and while he felt sorry for us he thought it was no harder on us than it was for him ! The reason that many of our bee-keepers suffered two years ago was because the matter was left with the different county courts and county fruit-tree inspectors; thus, those believing in blossom spraying caused trouble. Some counties strictly forbade spraying in the bloom, while others so ordered it. One county issued a proclamation ordering eight spray- ings. In some instances, spraying twice during the bloom, and some of our bee-keepers were threatened with the law because they refused to poison their own bees. I advised our bee-keepers to stand firm in this matter, and not only refuse to spray in the bloom, but if they could prove that any persons had poisoned their bees we would sue them for damages. These eight sprayings referred to — five of them were put on before the first coddling moth larv;e were found in the county ; the other three were put on before and during the month of July. Then they stopt while the moth continued their opera- tions nearly two months later, destroying the greater portion of the apple crop, while other counties that put on four spray- ings, commencing about the middle of June, saved consider- able of their fruit. I started in almost alone five years ago to fight this popu- lar error — for such it has been — and I was just as positive then as now, that it was an error, and from the experiments and observations that I have made of late years, I can assert without fear of contradiction that no coddling moth eggs were ever laid in the bloom. I had noticed more or less for 10 years before this blos- som sprayiug agitation commenced, that the coddling moth always laid their eggs on the apples until the first cold storm in the early fall. This put me to thinking. I askt our fruit- growers if they thought it could be possible for Nature to provide an insect that would deposit a portion of its eggs on the petals of the blossom, and then continue through the sum- mer to deposit the balance of their eggs on the fruit. To try and throw some light on the subject, I commenced a series of experiments, and I discovered what may appear to some, one or more secrets. I took the larvajinto the hot-house or green- house in the winter and early spring months. I found that by keeping the temperature up to about 60^ from the time the moth hatcht out they would lay their eggs, which would hatch out and the larvie would bore into the fruit, mature, and eat their way out, spin their cocoons and hatch out as moth again in about six weeks; and by raising the tempera- ture to about 703, tije whole process could be accomplisht in about five weeks. I also demonstrated that if the temperature was dropt far below 60^, the moth would not hatch out, and when hatcht out with the same low temperature, the moth would not lay their eggs, and in about two weeks or so they would die off without laying their eggs. This was also demonstrated here two years ago in the open air. There was a warm spell in May, and many moths were hatcht out, and this was followed with about three weeks of low temperature, and the moth died off without laying their eggs, so that there were no wormy apples to speak of before July. As the trees will blossom out at a considerable less temperature than 60-, they are always in bloom before the moth hatches. This has been proven here in Utah for years. In parts of Wasatch and other coun- ties the trees bloom and bear fruit, yet no coddling moth or larvse can or do live even if imported there, because the tem- perature is too low for them to live or exist. Now, if any one doubts the above statements, let him demonstrate the matter for himself, and if he experiments while the trees are in bloom, he will find that while the moth will lay their eggs on the fruit, they will not do so on the blossoms. One thing more : I have noticed the larvse do not always bore into the apple at the spot where the egg is laid. The egg is very small, so that it is very hard to locate, but after find- ing it, if we mark the location we will find that sometimes the tiny larv;e will move some distance, and If it finds any other . object touching the apple — such as a leaf or another apple — It will usually commence boring into the apple at that point, or 212 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8. If it strikes the calyx It will bore in there, as it is an easy place for it to get in. And thus some think the egg was laid In the blossom, when in all probability it was not laid for a month or six weeks after the tree was in bloom. Now, while I have not an over-abundance of faith in the success of the spraying question, if the tiny larvae is to be caught with poison at all, it should be on the fruit when it hatches out from the egg ; It will thus get caught as it moves over its surface. But as it is impossible to catch all the larva? this way, if our fruit-growers expect to succeed they should try to adopt some plan to capture the moth and also the larvae as they leave the fruit to seek a place to spin their cocoons. If this can be accomplisht, then success will be assured. The experience that I have had here the past three or four years has shown the people that with this blossom spray- ing they have not only thrown their time and money away, but besides killing the bees they destroyed much of the fruit, by washing the pollen out of the blossoms The owner of an orchard from which my bees were killed, admitted that the parties drencht his trees to that extent that they destroyed the fruit, and he had to depend upon a neighbor for fruit who did not spray at all. I could give many illustrations of this kind, but it is not necessary, as I know this can be done. Also a heavy rain on the bloom will sometimes destroy the fruit. This is one reason why we sometimes have a profusion of bloom and but little or no fruit or honey. While I find that there is still much agitation in some parts of the country over this spraying question and the bee- Industry, here in Utah I believe that we can congratulate our- selves that we are now about safe out of the Slough of De- spond, and we can calmly look back over the battle fought and the victory won. We feel to thank our esteemed friend. Prof. A. J. Cook, for when the struggle was so desperate that we could scarcely keep our heads above water, I wrote to him, and received the following : " Mr. E. S. Lovesy — Dear Sir : — Say to your people that the coddling moth do not lay eggs until the blossoms fall. Say also that the poison is slowly removed, so that it is never wise to apply it till necessary. Thus to spray before the blossoms fall is unwise, to say nothing of its effects on the bee. No one should spray until the blossoms all fall. Policy and justice alike affirm this. Yours truly, A. J. Cook. This had the desired effect, and was of material benefit to us. Now while we were just as sure, five years ago, that we were right on this spraying question, as we are now, to con- vince the fruit-growers of these facts was the all-absorbing topic. My object in writing on this question is in hopes that the subject may be thoroughly investigated and settled to the sat- isfaction of all concerned. If all were intelligently informed on this matter, it would be absurd to even think of any antag- onistic feelings between the bee-keepers and fruit-growers in regard to fertilization of fruit-blossoms by bees. A proper knowledge of this question is of more benefit to farmers and fruit-growers than to bee-keepers. Then let us hope that the much-desired reonciliation of these industries will soon be an accomplisht fact. Salt Lake Co., Utah. Something on Wlaterliig — The Prospects. BY .J. A. I'EARCE. Our bees are wintering better than ever before. I have 42 colonies in the cellar under the living room. They were put in a little after the middle of November, exceedingly heavy, having built up strong on buckwheat. None of the colonies have spotted their hives yet, and I cannot discern that they are perceptibly lighter than when put in. I shall put.them out in about two weeks, or as soon as the ground- hog comes out, or as soon as I can get say two still, sunny days, so that the bees can have a good flight, for I consider that leaving bees in the repositories too long in the spring has been the most prolific cause of what is known as "spring dwindling," which is nothing more nor less than the old beos all dying off before any now ones are hatcht, thus letting the colony " go up," and bringing into disrepute cellar-wintering. I have not the least doubt that hundreds of thousands of colo- nies of bees might have been saved, that have been lost, if they had only teen removed from the repository three weeks or a month sooner. Let me explain a little : Suppose I leave my bees in till the middle of April, as has been recommended by the best authorities; and the queen does not deposit any eggs, as she should not in confinement if she is a well-behaved queen, "according to the books." Then the first week of May will be gone before I have any young bees, and another week will elapse before they would be of much use in the field. We have our peaches in bloom about the first of May, the cherries and plums a little before that, and the apples soon follow. So you can readily see where " we would be at " at such a time with only a few old bees, or perhaps with none of the old ones — all having had to succumb before the new ones began to appear. The wintering problem has no terrors for me. I have yet to have my first loss since I have practiced the plan that I now pursue, and have for some eight years. I learned it from the American Bee Journal, from a discussion that was carried on between James Heddon, of this State, and the Rev. W. F. Clarke, of Canada. Mr. Heddon took the pollen theory and Mr. Clarke the hibernation theory. I did some things last year that I never did before in put- ting in my bees. First, I saw that the cellar was rid entirely of mice. Then in closing the hive-entrances, as formerly, with pieces of lath, I closed them this time with wet sand ; it was noiseless, and easily scraped away in the cellar. Then I had two entirely green hands at the carrying rack, and I told them if they would lift the hives gently the bees would not " wake up," ijut if they shook them up much they would likely get out and all over them. You may be sure tliey were careful. I carried them from the top of the cellar myself, so still that they scarcely knew they were being moved. They had just had a good flight, and I rusht them in before or just as it was beginning to freeze. This I think is essential to good winter- ing, as they have had a chance to empty themselves, and are placed in before they fill up excessively again. Our prospects are fair for this year. The plentiful rains of last fall started up the white clover, and we have had abundance of rain this winter — 6}^ inches in January — and no weather so far to injure in the least the clover; and with our bees as strong as they are, we should be able to take some of it in ! My best wishes are for the " Old American," that brings us a variety of news from the leggth and breadth of the land. It tells us of a young lady in Minnesota looking at her bees in a foot and a half of snow ; while another in Florida is doing a land-oflice business among the flowers of that sunny land. It lets us know how our old friend, Prof. Cook, is enjoying the lovely climate of Southern California, while we, with an ulster buttoned tightly about the throat, are buffeting this biting March wind, or are indoors toasting ourselves by a good oak fire. Kent Co., Mich., March 8. Various Experiences with Bees. BY" EDWIN BEVINS. To-day (March 19) the bees are flying freely, and investi- gating almost everything in sight. Yesterday I had some corn ground for cattle feed, and some of the meal was left on the platform under the mill. Soon after the grinding ceast I noticed a cloud of bees over that platform. This morning I placed a large pan, partly filled with corn meal, on top of a hive in the midst of the apiary. Now there is a great rolling and tumbling of bees in that meal, and a great hurrying to and fro of bees from hives to pan and from pan to hives. Last season, just before swarming-time, I sent two of my big hives, each made to hold 10 Quinby frames, to a neighbor, with the understanding that he was to hive me two early swarms, if he should have them. Each hive had six frames full of foundation. The foundation in one hive was new, and put in about the time the hives were sent away. That in the other hive had been -put in a year before, and left in the hive, as it was not needed. I did not go after the swarms till some- time in November. It was my intention, when I sent the hives, to fill up with frames of foundation in mid-summer, but that was a matter that was neglected. When I went after the bees I found that the colony in the hive having the new foun- dation had llllcd the six frames solidly full of brood and honey, and then gone to the other side of the division-board and filled the empty space there full of honey. How much more room this colony needed I had no means of knowing. The bees in the other hive had refused to touch the old foundation, but they had filled the space on the other side of the division-board with comb in which was some honey, but not enough, I thought, to support them till spring. I had no frames of honey to give them, and it was late for feeding sugar syrup, so I removed the frames of foundation and put in a lot of unfinisht sections close up to the division-board, and told the bees to " root hog or die." February IT, at the close of a long, cold spell of weather, I lookt in and found these bees very numerous, and very lively. I gave them feed 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 213 on top of the combs, and removed the unfinisht sections. I mean to build this colony up right in the hive it now occupies, and as I have only foundation, and no drawn comb to work with, I presume it will take considerable time to get the bees onto new, straight combs, and get rid of the irregular combs they now occupy. These combs are not attacht to anything at the top. They were attacht to the enamel cloth at first, but got separated when I brought them home. Late last fall I found myself with a strong 3-frame nucleus, which I feared would not winter on the honey con- tained in the three frames. Having no frames of comb to give them, I placed 11 untinisht sections of honey on the other side of the division-board. February IT I found these 11 sections entirely cleaned of honey, and the bees numerous and in excellent condition. I gave them a new supply of un- finishtsections, and now I am going to begin to feed and fill up with frames of foundation. This nucleus was protected by a chaff cushion in an empty super on top of the hive, and the hive packt on three sides with about five inches of straw. This is the way 1 protect all my bees. Some of my outer cases have bottoms, and some are without bottoms. Bottotis are not necessary. Entrances are left as in summer, except in the case of a nucleus or weak colony. It is then contracted a half or more. I have never lost a colony protected in that way, that had a queen and plenty of honey or sugar syrup. There has been just one exception to this rule, which excep- tion I told the readers of the American Bee Journal about, not long ago. I said that I protected all of my bees in the way above- described. I wish to modify that statement a little. Some half-dozen colonies in large hives were left last fall without any protection except the chaff cushion in the empty super. These were so strong in bees aud honey that it would take an unusually hard winter to kill them, but I believe it would have been better for them if they had been given more pro- tection. One excessively strong colony, on nine frames of standard length in a hive 12 inches deep, was left in the fall without outside protection. When the severe cold weather of January came, I noticed a good many dead bees in front of that hive, and I had to clear the entrance frequently. Then I made an outer case and gave the bees the usual protection of five inches of straw on three sides of the hive, and the mor- tality ceast. With this exception but few bees have died in my iiives the past winter. I have been intending to work for extracted honey more than usual the coming season, but I shall have to reconsider. The market reports do not afford much encouragement to any bee-keeper who lives in a white honey locality, to spend his time producing extracted honey. Later. — To-day (March 22) I examined that 3-frame nucleus, and found the bees had cleaned out their second sup- ply of 1 1 unfinisht sections of honey, and there was a good deal of honey in the sections, too, as there also was in the first lot given. I gave the bees a frame of foundation and another lot of sections containing honey, and concluded this to be the most piggish lot of bees I ever owned. If they do work next summer in proportion to their appetites, I shall get a good deal of honey. Some persons may, perhaps, fear trouble from mice where straw is used for protecting hives in the manner I have de- scribed; but it is a matter of fact that I have had but very little trouble on account of mice getting into the hives. If one is careful in cutting entrances they can be cut so shallow that mice cannot enter, or, if one uses hives having Js-inch strips to form the entrances, the entrances can be narrowed by strips of zinc or wire-cloth. A cat belonging to one of my neighbors kindly came and made her home in the bee-yard last fall, and staid until the weather got too cold for her comfort. Decatur Co., Iowa. ■White CIOTCr Seed.— We have quite a quantity of White Clover Seed ou hand that we will send you at a bargain. A little of it goes a good ways. It usually retails at 25 or oO cents per pound, but we will mail you 2 pounds for 40 cents, or for sending us one new subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a year. The Xaiues and Addresses of all your bee- friends, who are not now taking the Bee Journal, are wanted at this office. Send them in, please, when sample copies will be mailed to them. Then you can secure their subscriptions, and earn some of the premiums we have offered. The next few months will be just the time to easily get new sub- scribers. Try it earnestly, at least. Proceedings of the Colorado State Bee-Kefep-- ers' Couveutiou. REPORTED BV F. L. THOMPSON. IContlnucd from page 198.] The Secretary's and Vice-President's reports were then read : • THE secretary's REPORT. The past season has been about the poorest we have ever had, in the northern part of the State, while the bee-keepers of the southern and western portions have had a very satis- factory crop of honey, as you see by the statistics gathered. During the last annual session a number of very good resolutions' were past by this Association, but part of them could not be carried out on account of lack of funds, and the resolution in regard to marketing was found to be not re- quired, as most of the members had a very small crop of honey to sell, and competition among dealers made it unnecessary. The past summer I requested Senator Teller to procure for our Association a number of copies of the Government Bulletin on " The Honey-Bee," for our members, and such other books, etc., as might be useful in our industry. It was my plan to start with this a small library in this building for the use of bee-keepers, and combine with the same a collec- tion of articles of interest to them. Frank Rauchfuss. THE vice-president's REPORT. Members of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers^ Association : — Our meeting records the passing of another year. It is with saddened hearts that we learn of the death of one of our esteemed members — Rev. F. O. Blair, of Trinidad. With some of our members it has been a prosperous year, with others a very disastrous one. Yet with all our discour- agements there is something bright ahead, and we have some- thing to be thankful for. If we have prospered let us be willing to tell our co-workers how our success has come. If we have not succeeded, let the failure be known ; perhaps some one can give a remedy. Co-operation is the sign of civilization. We find that in all business enterprises there are so many interested in the same thing that without some intelligent co-operation we are' apt to clash in our undertakings, and both parties are in- jured by the result. At our annual meetings there is always much to do, and a short time to do it in. Please let every one be prompt, so that the time may be well and profitably filled. Notwithstanding a large per cent, of our members have had a failure in realizing a heavy crop, yet we find our mar- ket in a poor condition, which shows plainly when we all have a good yield we must look outside of our State for a market, for a large share of our product. This makes it quite essential to keep up our Association with all the vigor possible. We have a committee looking after improving our foul brood law. They have done good work, as you will find by the report. We should all be watch- ful that this law is not repealed without giving us a better one. The present law has certainly been a great benefit to the State. At the rate the disease was spreading before we had the law, the honey-business would have been destroyed, and a great revenue to the State would have been cut off. There is still another enemy to our business I would call your attention to. There is a cry coming from every part of the Union against adulteration. We have every reason to believe that there is much sweet sold for pure honey in our market that is not honey. In looking through our groceries this winter I found more than usual. Some Is put up in our own city. Another brand is from St. Joseph ; another from Omaha. They all have an appearance and taste that brands them as not being pure honey. I have a sample here I purchast last February. It is put up by a Denver firm. I would like to have you examine it and give your opinion whether it re- sembles alfalfa honey in appearance or taste. This honey 214 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8, has stood in a dry pantry since that time. The parties that put up this article claim to have apiaries in different parts of the State. They also claim to be dealers in honey. In mak- ing inquiries I am not able to find where they have any such apiaries, or where it was offered. Has any member of this society ever sold them a pound of extracted honey ? In a paper called " The Active Member," for January, 1896, we found an advertisement of tlieirs which claims they are exten- sive apiarists, and their production is 20 tons annually. Now we have no evidence that they have the above apiaries, or that they produce such an amount of honey, or that they appear on the market to buy any such amount. If they have cot produced or bought this honey, and their output is 20 tons, then it must be true they have sold something for honey which is not honey. If so, they have done an injury to the producer as well as the consumer. If they are large apiarists as they claim, we would be glad to give them the hand of fellowship. If they are large dealers as they claim, we most certainly wish to give them our patronage. If they are neither, we wish to give them our condemnation, and let the consumers have the benefit of our opinion. « I am told that glucose made from corn can be laid down in Denver for about 2J.; cents a pound, and this is the article used in adulteration. If this be true, with the many draw- backs we have in bee-culture, it is impossible to compete. I speak of this at such length because I believe it is a great in- jury to our business, and at this time to urge our legislature to pass a Pure Food Bill such as they have in Ohio." W. L. Porter. Mr. A. W. Fisk then addrest the Association in behalf of the American Fruit Growers' Union. He said this Union accomplisht the equitable distribution of the produce of its members all over the country ; that they had 22 salaried agents, each under .S.jOO bonds, who kept them iuformed of the condition of the market at all points, so that they never sold to a glutted market. Ten percent, commission is charged. Individual shippers obtain a rebate of 2 to 4 per cent. They wish to take up the honey question, having had many demands for honey. To illustrate the unequal distribution of produce, Mr. Fisk stated that Denver has I6OJ-3 per cent, of fruit to population, Chicago 113 per cent., and Philadelphia only 83-^ per cent. What the Union does is to sell to customers in Bal- timore, for example, at the same prices as in New York. Being askt by the Secretary whether this Union had auy con- nection with the Citrus Association, he replied that it had not. The Citrus Association wisht to affiliate, but their methods did not commend themselves to the Union. The Lima Beans' Association has just affiliated. In the afternoon, Mr. R. H. Rhodes being in the chair, a committee was appointed, consisting of W. L. Porter and J. B. Adams, to secure a place for a bee-library and exhibit. They reported that a place could be had both in the Natural History rooms and in the Horticultural rooms. Mrs. Martha A. Shute was then added to the committee, which was in- structed to continue carrying out the plan. The suggestions were made that if once a case was provided, the rest would follow naturally; some bee-keepers have books and magazines which they would be willing to donate ; specimens of a piece of foul-broody comb, disinfected and put under glass, of the two species of wax-moth, of honey, the finest sections, bees, queens, brood, comb, implements and inventions, and any- thing out of the usual line, would bo added, and would bo the best kind of an advertisement. Mr. Porter said that in his experience such things attracted more attention than fruit. In answer to a question in the President's report, Mr. Thompson said he had sold the Denver firm a small amount of extracted honey — some five or six cans. Mr. Booth and Secretary Rauchfuss were appointed to draft a resolution on the death of Rev. F. O. Blair, of Trini- dad. The following was adopted : WiiKRKAs, It has pleased the Giver of all Good to remove from our midst our dearly beloved brother, the Rev. F. (). Blair ; therefore, be it RcKotvcd. That while wo bow in humble submission to the will of the Divine Master, yet we keenly feel the loss of our beloved friend and associate ; and be it further Resolved, That we, the members of this Association, sin- cerely sympathize with the bereaved friends and relatives who are left to mourn his death, and that our tears shall be min- gled with thsirs. licsdlred, That a memorial page be set aside in our pro- ceedings in memory of our departed brother. Lkvi Booth, ) ,, F. Rauchfuss, \ C"»'»^Mee. A resolution by Mr. Booth was adopted, that thanks bo extended to the Board of Horticulture for voting to print the apicultural reports, and that the efforts of the Association be added to theirs to get the legislature to adopt the measure. Mrs. Shute gave notice that as a committee of the Horti- cultural Board was then copying a Bill, a committee from the Bee-Keepers' Association should be appointed to frame a sec- tion prohibiting the spraying of fruit-trees in bloom, and also embodying the resolution past by the Board of Horticulture to print the proceedings of the Bee-Keepers' Association together with their own. Mr. Thompson was appointed. Mrs. Shute further stated that as Secretary of the Horti- cultural Board she would not cut the apicultural reports any more than the Horticultural reports ; that the essays would have to be cut most, but the discussions could be given more fully. The report should be an especially extended one in Its statistics. Mr. Booth spoke of his effort, in the Horticultural meet- ing, to get the horticulturists to pass a resolution that one member of the Horticultural Board should be a bee-keeper. He thought it would have past if some of the bee-keeping hor- ticulturists had not been absent. The presence of Senator West, of Jefferson county, for a few moments, was made the opportunity to impress on his mind the opinion of the Association that the foul brood law ought not to be repealed. Mr. Booth said that no inspector's bill had exceeded $200, and that bee-raeu had been saved an immense amount of money. Mrs. Booth called attention to the fact that the bills of some were very small indeed — thus J. B. Adams' bill this year amounted to .?-!•. 20; and that of another inspector was $10. Mr. Rhodes said that he lost over $1,000 by not having a foul brood law in former years. He was satisfied that the inspector of Jefferson county had done fairly good work, and that the county had been greatly benefited. Senator West, in reply, said that as far as State appro- priations were concerned, nothing would prevent his efforts to aid the Association; but that when it came to his own county, he would be very conservative. There is a great dis- position to lessen expenses, and many ornamental boards will doubtless be dissolved. But he would do nothing to weaken worthy objects of such associations as those of the bee-keep- ers, horticulturists and dairymen. It was decided to continue the officers of the Association without an election. This makes the officers of the ensuing year as follows : President, R. C. Aikin ; 1st Vice-President, W. L. Porter; Secretary, Frank Rauchfuss, of Elyria ; Treasurer, Mrs. R. fl. Rhodes ; Member Executive Committee, R. H. Rhodes. REPORT ON "HONEr" SAMPLES. The samples of honey brought by the committee for that purpose were exhibited. One of these was put up by the West Virginia Preserving Co., and stated on the label to be 20 per cent, honey and the rest corn syrup. Another, purchast of the Windsor Grocery, of Denver, and stated by the clerk to be pure, was labeled "Mississippi Valley Clover Honey, Spriugdale Apiary, Coulter Manf. Co., Agents, St. Joseph, Mo., U. S. A." It was of an amber color, and had a strip of comb honey in it, about an inch wide and four inches long. Three others were put up by Frisbee >fe Son, of Denver. Two of the latter were quite light-colored, and one was rather dark. They were labeled " Alfalfa Clover Honey. We war- rant every jar absolutely pure." Another sample bought for comparison, put up by a bee- keeper near Denver, was declared pure by members of the convention. This, with the sample labeled 20 per cent, honey, and one of Frisbee's light-colored jars, together with another sample of Frisbee's honey, were opened and tasted by members of the convention, some visitors, and a reporter of the Denver News. The other samples were left unopened, with the intention of getting them analyzed. All but the two samples pronounced genuine were somewhat thinner than honey usually Is. The following discussion took place: VicePres. Porter ^Tho reason I attack the firm I referred to in my address is, that they tell the grocers that honey will not candy, and that candied honey has sugar in it. They claim they can talk bees as well as any of us. They keep an advertisement In a Christian Endeavor paper, and mail a copy to all grocers. They have two colors of honey, so they can say it was gathered from different kinds of flowers. In one issue of a beopaper they say, " Our markets are flooded with California honey;" whereas we know there has been no Cali- fornia hoiioy in the market for several years. In the next Issue they talk about keeping up prices, and make believe they are a great honey house. We have not evidence enough 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 215 as yet to prosecute. Can we tell through the daily papers what we think ? We ought to do something. H. Rauchfuss — I move we pass a resolution requestiug the publishers of the bee-paper giving their quotations to stop them, and add the reasons. This resolution was carried by a unanimous vote. H. Rauchfnss — I move that a committee be instructed to select proper persons to whom tha samples shall be sent, and have them analyzed. Carried. LConcluded neit week.] .******< OONDnCTED BY DK. O. O. ami-JSR, JUARE2VGO, JI-Z,. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Qucen-Excluders Under Supers. I am going to work for extracted honey. Is it advisable to put a sheet of queen-excluder over the brood-chamber, so as to keep the queen down and avoid the possibility of brood in the combs when I uncap to put in the extractor ? — W. R. A. Answer. — If you try both ways, you will probably decide that you like the use of the excluder better than without. Then you're sure to have no brood in the way when extracting. Another important item in the opinion of many — an opinion that is constantly gaining ground — is that honey extracted from old combs that have besn used for breeding is not as good as that from combs that have never been so used. Take an old comb out of the brood-chamber, fill it with water and let it stand a few days, then see how the water has been black- ened. If the black matter gets in the water, will it not get into the honey ? It may not be worth while to use queen-ex- cluders when working for comb honey, but working for ex- tracted is quite another thing. The point is just here: If your queen will stay below of her own accord you don't need any excluder, but if she will not then you better use an exclu- der. M I M Growing Sweet Clover Tor Hay. I have noticed several articles in the Bee Journal on sweet clover referring to dates earlier than when I first began tak- ing it. I want to know how to grow it, and if it will answer as hay for fodder to fatten sheep in the winter as a part of their rations ? C. A. C, New York. Answer. — To get a stand of sweet clover, treat it the same as red clover. It seems harder than red clover to get a start, but you'll be perhaps surer of a stand if you have the ground pretty hard, or if the ground is soft let the seed be covered pretty deep. The trouble is that if the ground is soft and the seed not very deep, the young plants will heave in the winter. If cut the first year, or before blossoming the second year, it ought to make good hay to form part of the rations for sheep, but remember It is like Alsike, in that stock must learn to like it. What Ails the Bce§ ? Last December I bought at a sale 5 colonies of bees, brought them home and placed them in the yard in as near the same position as they were placed in the man's yard where I bought them. When we had our first cold weather and snow, the bees became dissatisfied and came out of the hives in large numbers, but never would return ; piles were lying dead be- fore the hives. A neighbor advised me to take them to the house. We have a large house, so I took them upstairs and gave them a room by themselves, where they would not be dis- turbed. All went well until now, and they are repeating the same thing they did out-doors after the cold snap. We exam- ined the hives and they seem to have plenty of honey, and there seems to be quite a number of bees in the hives. 1. Do the bees want water? or are they diseased ? I am afraid they will die off so that we will not have enough left for a start in the spring. 2. What time will be best to move them out of the house in the spring. 3. Is the way I have them housed a good one ? 4. Do bees rear new brood in Ihe winter, or would they be apt to be queenless, as all the colonies are alike in their ac- tions. I never had any bees before, and know nothing about them. G. B., Peru, III. Answers. — 1. From the description you give, it isn't pos- sible to give any very positive answer, but it is quite likely that the dead bees you saw on the ground were those that had accumulated for some time and were carried out the first time it was warm enough. Lots of bees may die through the win- ter from old age in a strong colony, and no harm come. It isn't likely that they are sufiering from want of water. 2. See answer given to D. W. S. If the bees appear very uneasy, then you may have to risk a little more, and take them out the first warm day, even if you think cold weather may come after it. Still there is a pretty fair chance for good weather soon. 3. As a rule, it is not a good way to have bees in a room in a dwelling house. While you do confine them there, better keep the room perfectly dark. 4. No brood is reared through the winter until in Febru- ary, and sometimes not till well along in March. Of course there are cases of queenlessness, but it isn't likely that several colonies together would be queenless. Placing Hires Close Together — Seven Frames in an S-Frame Hive. I got 10 colonies of bees, keeping them in a shed winter and summer. The shed is three feet high, and the front is made with a door which I let down in summer or nice days in winter. 1. How far apart ought the hives to be in the working season so that they don't interfere with each other? 2. Is it necessary to have 8 frames in an 8-frame hive, or would seven do just as well ? I run for section honey and thought if I had less frames I would get more honey in the sections or would'nt the bees do so well with seven frames ? We had a poor season last year, but we look for a good honey crop this year. W. R., Iowa. Answers— 1. The bees do very well close together, if you think you can work at them as well. One trouble is that if the hives are crowded together as close as they can be, some- times bees will get to crawling from one hive to another. But that seldom makes trouDle, and the other danger is that when a young queen flies out on her wedding flight she may return to the wrong hive. So if the hives are all packt close togeth- er, it's a good plan to have the front of every alternate one painted a different color, or arranged in some way so they don't look all alike. If you want room between them for your own convenience, put them in pairs, two as close as they can be together, then a space of perhaps two feet, then another pair of hives, and so on. 2. It's hardly worth while for you to try seven frames in an eight-frame hive. You're pretty sure not to like it. You seem to think that seven frames would let you have more honey in the sections, and are probably figuring that the seven frames would have less honey thar; eight. They might if there was just as much brood in one case as the other. But if each frame is entirely filled with honey, or if each frame in both cases is filled just half way down, you'll find more in the seven frames than in the eight. If you study over it a little while you'll find it so. A PJe'W Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get it yearly. *-»-*^ Xtie nicEvoy Foul Brood Xreattuent is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 216 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8, CBORGB W. YORK, ■ Bdtter. PUBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, US Allclilgan St., . CHICAGO, ILL. tLOO a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Entered at the Post-Offlce at ClilcaKO as Second-Class Mall-Matter. VoLinVII. CHICAGO, ILL, APR. 8, 189], No. 14. ' T TTT T TT'irTT'T''rT TTTTTTTTT TTT"T ▼ T ▼ T T TT-T-T T ▼ T T ^ Editorial Con)n)€r)i^^ New Union Ready for Business.— Oyer a month ago — as soon as convenient after amalgamation was defeated— the Executive Committee of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union decided to carry out the provisions of the New Constitution, and, as it authorized them so to do, appoint a Board of Directors, so that the New Union might be ready to take up the work intended to be accomplisht by it. But thinking it would be more satisfactory to the members if they were consulted as to their preferences for General Manager and those composing the Board of Directors, a circular and voting card were mailed to each present member, the latter to be used in indicating those whom each member would prefer that the Executive Committee should appoint, in order that the official part of the organization should be complete. After allowing sufficient time for the ballots to be re- turned to Mr. M. Best, of Toledo, Ohio (the member selected to receive and count the ballots, assisted by Secretary Mason), the Executive Committee can now issue the following notice, based upon the result as indicated by the returned ballots, there being 61 returned out of a total of 81 : To the Members of the United Stales Dec-Keepers' Union :— We, the Executive Committee, according to the power vested in us by the New Constitution, hereby appoint the fol- lowing as General Manager and Board of Directors of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, to hold their offices during the balance of the year 1897, or until their successors are elected and qualified : General Manager— Hon. Eugene Secor,Porest City, Iowa. Board of Directors— Ernest R. Root, Medina, Ohio; Rev. E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.; Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.; W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.; E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebr.; and C. P. Dadaut, Hamilton, 111. George VV. York, Pres., E. Whitcomb, Vice-Pres., A. B. Mason, Sec, Chicago, HI., April 1, 1897. Executive Committee. Now, as the United States Bee-Keepers' Union is fully cquipt as to its officers, we trust that bee-keepers everywhere will at once send In their dollar membership fees to the Gen- eral Manager, Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa, or to the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, so that there may be ample funds to begin to carry out the objects of the Union, which are exprest In the following paragraph taken from the New Constitution : ARTICLE II.— 0B.IKCT8. Its objects shall be to promote and protect the interests of Its members; to defend them in their lawful rights ; to enforce laws against the adulteration of honey ; to prosecute dis- honest honey-commission men ; and to advance the pursuit of bee-culture in general. What more do you want ? Where is the bee-keeper that doesn't want to help carry out every one of those splendid "objects ?" Surely, every bee-keeper in the land will be glad to have his name enrolled as a member of the New Union. As to the newly selected and appointed officers, we need only say that all of them are too well known, and stand so high in the estimation of bee-keepers, that it would seem that the greatest success of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union is now already assured. Spraying: Fruit-Xrees.- On another page of this number of the Bee Journal, Mr. E. S. Lovesy has an article on the subject of spraying for the destruction of the coddling moth that is such a destroyerof fruit — such a pest to the fruit- growers. It has been clearly demonstrated, by repeated ex- periments, that it is worse than useless to spray fruit-trees during their bloom, for it has beeu found that it is imme- diately after the fragrant blossoms have fallen that the cod- dling moth comes, and lays its eggs upon the rapidly forming fruit itself. Then is the time to spray with the death-to-cod- dling-moth mixtures. We hope that bee-keepers will see that it is to their inter- est, as well as that of the fruit-grower, to delay spraying until after the blossoms have disappeared. And this for two rea- sons—one that it prevents needless destruction of bees by poisoning, and it gives the bees an opportunity to show their great value to the fruit-growers themselves, by aiding in a more perfect pollenization of the blossoms, thus insuring a more abundant ha-vest. To spray during the blossoming period, resulting in the death of the bees, and hence much loss in the fruit crop, is quite like " killing the goose that lays the golden egg." If all could be led to see the truth in this matter of the proper time of spraying, there would no longer be any dis- agreements among the fruit-growers and their little friends — the blessed bees. < . » Another Honey-Commission Fraud.— This time it is New York City that again furnishes the same old story of deception, dishonesty and finally decamping. Mr. J. W. Parker, a bee-keeper of Onondaga Co., N. Y., has kindly furnisht us the information against the now ex- tinct " firm " of Sanford & Co., formerly of 289 Washington St., New York City. Here is his letter, with which came the usual samples of printed letters and circulars that all snide commission firms send out : Onondaga Co., N. Y., March 22, 1897. Messrs. George W. York & Co.: — You will remember I askt you a few weeks ago if you had heard anything about Sanford & Co., commission merchants of New York. I received a card stating you bad not, and asking about them, so I will try to give you some facts. Mr. A., of this place, received several letters from said firm, asking him to send his honey to them. He decided to send a portion of it, so consigned about 400 pounds of fancy basswood honey to them, and did not get one cent from the shipment. I have a sister living in New York, and I told Mr. A. that I thought my brother-in-law would, if he could, get his money for him. I wrote him, and will send you his letter. Also, will send you one or two letters from the said company that were sent to Mr. A. Should you like anything more, and I can give it, I would be pleased to do so. Yours respectfully, J. W. Pabkkr, The following letter is the one written by Mr. Parker's brother-in-law, after investigating Sanford <&Co.: Brooklyn, N. Y., March 12, 1897. Bro. Parker: — After looking over the letter to Mr. A., that you enclosed, I made up my mind that it was a case of fraud, but to make sure that I was right, I went to the place 897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 217 of business that Sanford & Co. claimed to have, and found that tiiy suspicions were correct — they bad cleaued out the place and skipt for parts unlinown ; and if it is any satisfac- tion to Mr. A. to know it, he is not the only one who was caught in the same trap. This is only one of the numerous schemes that are being workt every day in this city. This lirm run the place for about three months, until it got too hot for them. They had a great many goods consigned to them from different parts of the country, and sold them as fast as they could, and at any price that they could get for them. These people have probably gone into business again in a different part of the city, and under another name, so it will be well for your neighbors to keep their eyes open, and not get into the trap again. I feel very sorry for Mr. A., and that I am unable to get any part of his money for him. Yours fraternally, R. R- In order that our readers may see the similarity between the consignment-soliciting letter sent out by Sanford & Co , and those of Horrie, Wheadon, etc., we reproduce the one mailed to Mr. A., mentioned by Mr. Parker : interesting to shippers. New York, Nov. 10, 1896. Any produce shipper, who has never sent a consignment of goods to us, when he receives one of our price-currents will naturally ask himself : " Is this firm a RELIABLE com- mission house ?" A shipper always wants to consign his goods to prompt, reliable commission merchants, who are financially responsible and trustworthy, and in whom he can have im- plicit confidence. We desire you to assure yourself that when you ship your goods to us they will be sold quickly, at the highest obtainable market prices, according to quality, and that you will receive your account of sales with check to balance promptly, and to thoroughly satisfy yourself on these points, we respectfully request you to write to any one or all of the following parties, whose names we have taken at random from our list of ship- pers of butter, eggs, poultry, veal, pork, game and furs, apples, chestnuts, honey, etc. [Here followed 20 names and addresses, most of whom were no doubt swindled, sooner or later, by Sanford & Co. — Editor.] We believe that if we sell goods promptly, and get good prices for them, and send the shippers their money without any unnecssary delay, that we will get more shipments from them. They will have confidence in us, and will increase the quantity and number of their shipments to us. This always has been and is our policy, and we find our trade growing steadily more extensive. We are one of the largest receivers of poultry, calves, game and general produce on this market, and the volume of business enables us to work on a very close margin of profit on each shipment, our commission being 5 per cent, on poultry, game, calves, furs, etc., and 10 per cent. on apples. If you believe in supporting a commission firm that is willing to work on a small margin of profit, giving the shipper honest returns; a firm financially responsible, reliable and prompt in every way — in mailing remittances — in answering all correspondence — in keeping you closely posted with the latest market reports and price currents, and in looking out for your interests in every way, then ship your consigtiincnts to Its. Give us a trial shipment in order to see what we can do for you, and assure yourself that we can do all we claim, and if you do this, we know that you will not divide up your ship- ments, but will ship all your goods to us in the future. We therefore respectfully solicit your next consignment to this market, and will guarantee you quick returns at full market prices, according to the quality of goods. Respectfully yours, Saxford & Co. You see, it's the same old story — downright lying from beginning to end. Along the latter part of January, 1897, Mr. A. (who had sbipt his 400 pounds of honey to Sanford & Co.) received this " encouraging " announcement : New York, Jan. 19, 1897. Dc(ir Sir : — Owing to the present general depression in business and the extremely poor season we have experiencpd this year, and also on account of uncollectable outstanding accounts, we find ourselves considerably embarrast and short of funds, and would ask your indulgence for a short time in order to enable us to meet our obligations, and not force us to make an assignment. If you will extend us your leniency in this regard, we may be able to settle up your account in full, or nearly so. Kindly let us hear from you at once, and oblige. Yours truly, Sanford & Co. And that was the last Mr. A. beard from the prompt, honest, and reliable firm of Sanford* Co.! Now we do hope that no bee-keeper who reads any of the bee-papers will here- after get caught by such blood-sucking thieves. Better a thousand times (jive your honey to your friends and neighbors, than to help along such conscienceless frauds as we have been holding up to the light in the Bee Journal the past few months. What a grand work there is to be done by the United States Bee-Keepers' Union along this line. Let it furnish freely to its members private Information concerning all commission firms who are dealing, or will hereafter attempt to deal, in honey. We hope it will take hold of this work, and follow it up until all the commission frauds will be buried so deep they'll never have a resurrection. Yes, bury them as the good old lady would bury the Devil — face downward — so that if they should awake, and attempt to dig themselves out, they'll only dig themselves the deeper into the earth. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Prof. J. E. Ar.mstrong, who is a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, and also Principal of the Eiiglewood, III., High School, delivered an address before the Cook County Farmers' Institute, held in Chicago on March 25, on " Bee-Keeping in Cities." Prof. Armstrong has had experience in this, and understood what he talkt about. Mr. Charles S. Pizer, of Franklin, Pa., an old sub- scriber and ardent admirer of the American Bee Jourual, died at his home on March 27, having suffered from a long and lingering illness of about to months. His complaint was a complication of liver and other diseases. Mr. Pizer was an expert bee-keeper, and an enthusiastic worker in everything pertaining to the interests of the honey-bee and its keeper. Mr. Thos. G. Newman, General Manager of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, writing from San Francisco, Calif., March 26, says : " I am quite unwell again with la grippe — which I find is about as bad here as in the East. I am hardly able to sit up — but I must." We hope Mr. Newman does not suffer as much from la grippe there as he did while in Chicago. He surely has had more than his share of experience with that enemy to good health and comfort. Mr. N. E. France— Secretary of the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association— is entitled to the everlasting grati- tude of the bee-keepers of that State for his constant efforts in their behalf during the past year or more. In a letter dated March 26, Mr. France says : " By constant watching and following up our legislative Bills, I got both of them through today, by a large majority vote — 9-1 to 3. All lacking now is the Governor's signature (which will be next week) and publication." The two Bills referred to by Mr. France are those drop- ping sweet clover from the noxious weed list, and the foul brood measure. We expect an article from Mr. France as soon as the Bills are signed, and thus become laws. Now, we want to advise every Wisconsin bee-keeper to at once send Mr. France (at Platteville, Grant :o.. Wis.) their membership fee of 50 cents, and thus become members 6f the Association. The funds are needed to pay the expense in- curred by necessary trips to the capital, in the interest of legislation, and other matters. Mr. France will be greatly pleased to receive membership fees at this time, as it will show that Wisconsin bee-keepers appreciate his work in their behalf. *-**^ Every Present Sutoscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer on page 218. 218 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8, Qej;)eral Iterrjs* Late Spring — Fruit-Bloom Honey. We are having a late spring. My bees are bringing in honey from fruit-bloom. J. A. Shone. Benton Co., Miss., March 2G. Bees Swarming. My bees are doing fine. They have been swarming in this country for 10 or 13 days. The prospects are good for a good honey- flow. J. W. Jones. Maricopa Co., Ariz., March 31. A Beginner's Report. I started last year with 3 colonies, took about 4.50 pounds of honey, and put the colonies with about 30 to 3.5 pounds honey in the cellar. Up to date they are all right. Last year I got no swarms, but the colonies were strong. R. Schlesinger. Rock Co., Wis., March 39. Doing Well— Maple in Bloom. My bees are doing well, only we are hav- ing too much rain. Maple and elm are in fuU bloom. I can't do without the American Bee Journal. I wish you much success. H. M. Phillips. Dyer Co., Tenn., March 8. Bees in Fine Condition. I lookt my 53 colonies of bees over care- fully March IS, and found all alive, and nearly all in fine condition. I winter them outdoors in large chaff hives, and seldom have a loss of over 3 per cent. The pros- pect here is excellent tor a big honey crop this season. C. W. McKoWN. Knox Co., 111., March 23. Lots of Snow and Bain. O for fine weather ! A week ago we thought spring had come to stay, but now it is the sno^v and rain over again. Kvery- thing in the mountains is buried out of sight. There is more snow than ever known before. It is said that in some places people have been sleighing over the the tops of the telegraph wires and poles. E. S. LOVESY. Salt Lake Co., Utah, March 3'J. Wintering— Selling Honey. Bees in this locality are wintering very ■well. I put 11 colonies into the cellar and they are all alive; I also have 14 packt in sawdust, and they seem to be all right. Id packing my bees outdoors, I make a house long enough to hold a certain num- ber of hives, leaving a space about 4 inches all around to pack with sawdust. The roof is portable. All my bives have porticos, and that is placed tight against the front, with an entrance about '4x3 inches. The front with the entrance is hung with hinges just high enough to come to the bottom of the top projection of the portico : it is so arranged as to raise and hook up in case I wi.sh to examine the entrance. I find it very convenient. I set the hives side by side until I get it all full, then put on the supers witli ohalF cushions, and cover nil with burlap, and pack in the sawdust, as much as 4 inches on top. I am careful that the sawdust is dry, and if the bees have a good queen and plenty of supplies they are all right. ' The Bee Journal is a welcome visitor; it comes surely and safely every Thursday. There is nothing in it that escapes my eye, and I am in accord with it in exposing dis- honest commission men, altho I was fleeced The Great People's Atlas of the World. MORE THAN 100,000 COPIES SOLD ANNUALLY. Up-ta-DatB, Accurate. Beautifulli] Illustrated. Nearly TO Coiuprehensive Map«, many of them double-page. 140 New and Superb Illustrations. A whole Library in Itself, of vital and ab- sorbing interest to every member of the household. Population of each State and Territory, of all Counties of the United States, and of American Cities of over 5,000 inhabitants, by latest Census. The handfomely enpraved maps of all the States and Territories in Ihe Union are liiigp, full-page. with anumbei- of doublepa^ze maps to represent the mott important of the Sta rs. All countries on the lace 01 ihf earth are shown Riv- ers and lakes are accurately loca- ted. AW nf ihe larpecliles of the world, ilie iuiponant towns and most of the villages of Ihe United Slates are given on these maps; also every cuunly In each 6late. Over 200 Magnificent Illustra- tions and Maps emhellish nearly every pHge of the Atlas and faith- full> dfpict scenes In almost every partolLthe world. This Atlas contains a prodigious amount of Hielorlcal. Physical, Po- litical. Educational and Statistical matter, so comprehensively ar- ranged and indext that informa- tion on any subject can be found in a moment's time. Description of the World. It contjiins a General Description of the World, giving- its Physical Features. Form, Density, Tempera- ture, Moilon, Winds and Currents; Dlstributiiui o\ Land and Water; Races of People, tbeir Kellglons and Numbetp: also the mobt com- plete Lltt ol Natione ever publisht, givingthelr vjJeographlcai Location, Area, Population, Forms of Gov- ernment, etc. Ilniature Cut of Atlas. Actual Size. Open, 14 by 22 Inches; Closed, 14 by II IncbeH The Popular and Electoral Votes for President in 1884, 1888 and 1892, by States. List of All the Presidents. Agricultural Productions. Mineral Products. Homestead Laws and Civil Service Rules. Statistics of Immigration, 1820 to 1891. Public Debt for the Past 100 Years. Gold and Sliver Statistics. Number and Value of Farm Animals. Cultivable Area as Compared with Increase of Popu- lation. Postal Information, with Domestic and Foreign Rates, and Other Informa- tion that should be in every Home, Store, Office and Schoolroom. We will mail this great Atlas, postpaid, for only 50 cts.; or for $1.40 we will send it with the Bee -Journal for one year ; or we will mail it free as a premium for sending us one New Subscriber ($1.00) to the Bee Journal for a year. GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. Our liberal Offers : ^ TO BE HUNG! ^ OUK Shingle is now hung out, notifying the public that we are again ready to »liip QiieeoM* Having greatly enlarged our tacii- iiies, can All orders by return luail. Cioldeu llci>iili4-!<,3 llaii«l llalians Also !^ilvei--()irsiy Oarniolaii. Warranted Queen, .50c. ; Tested. 7.tc. Make Money Orders pa\ able at Caldwell. Tex. Send for Catalog ot Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Address, C. B. BANKSTON. 11 Att Chhie,sm.\n, Burleson Co., Te.x. tMentioyi the .,4iiurican Boc Jourtwx. Beeswax Wanted for Cash Or hi E.vclKiugc tor Foundation — Sections — H i ves or any Other Supplies. Workiii*? Wax Zl tor I'Ish A Specialty. r^e^ Write forCatJiIogrand Prlce-Llst, with Samples of Fouiuhitidn and Sections. GUS DITTMER, ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^°"|i,':*^'°'' Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Kipping. Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Suld on Trial. CatalORae Free, SE>E*1A FALliS ItlFG. CO., 46 Water St SBNKCA FALLS, N. T. lAly Mentio.. the Atnerirnn Dee Journal. DijQtiEsi j CollegTi Penn Ave. .^nd Eighth St. P'lT'T'SBlJM©, P'M. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary, Bhorthahrt and Typewriting. Klliclent and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. ScuU Tor Catalog. Prof. liBWIS EDWIN YOUK, Pres. 1S97. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 219 to tbe tune of ¥47.00 by C. R. Horrie & Co., on account of the confidence I had in the Bee Journal. When their agent came to me he had a bundle of the Bee Journals, and the first thing, by way of introduction, he presented me with a copy, and called my attention to their advertisement, and 1 bit to the tune of S4T. Some time be- fore my experience I saw in the Bee Jour- nal that several parties had been swindled by parties in Chicago, but no names were given, and I believe 1 was the first to ex- pose Horrie & Co., and I believe it is right, if a commission man deals dishonestly with you, to expose him, give his name to the public, and not say that you have been swindled •■ by a man in Chicago," as there are honest men, and it is an injustice to them. I am through with commission men now. The way I sold my honey last fall was simply this: I made a showcase that holds 6 sections of honey, with glass front, and hired a man. He was an insurance agent, and a hustler at that, and in less than one day he sold my crop of honey — sold direct to the consumer. All I had to do was to deliver it, in quantities of from 2 to 50 sec- tion orders, at l-"o cents a section, and 1 find that it is by tar the best way to sell direct to consumers. E. B. Huffman. Winona Co., Minn., March 10. Doing' Nicely this Spring:. Bees were doing nicely this spring until the last week, which has been cold and rainy. It is fair again, and they are mak- ing up for lost time, and are in better con- dition now than in June last year. We have had two years of almost a total fail- ure. I have 15 colonies, 4 of which are blacks, but 1 am rearing queens for them now. H. I. McCoT, Columbia Co., Ark., March 23. Wintered in Fine Condition. We took our bees out of the cellar the middle of the month, and all were alive; we never had them come through in so fine a condition both in cellar and out-of-doors — 1.50 colonies; tho two were so quiet I thought they might be nearly dead, but on the warm days they flew as it all right. Of course. I will examine those I think are weak, later on. and shut them to just what combs they can cover. Mrs L. C. Axtell. Warren Co., 111.. March 24. Apparently Wintered Well. My 25 colonies of bees, wintered on the summer stands, are apparently in good condition. Yesterday was pleasant, and they had a fine flight. Today it is snow- ing quite hard. The '■ Old Reliable" seems to be improv- ing all the time. Those who have read it carefully during the winter will be better prepared to look after their bees and honey crop the coming season than ever before. It is a welcome visitor every Thursday afternoon at our house. Mrs. PAri. Barbette. Crawford Co., Wis., March 2:3. A Visit to the Pacific Coast. I have returned from my delightful trip to the Pacific Coast. I met a great many bee-keepers, and saw a variety of hives. I saw bee-men who said no man could run fast enough to give tbem a Hoffman brood- frame. 1 also saw bee-men who would use no other frame. I find the tendency on the Coast to be for cheap goods regardless of qualitv. There are noted exceptions to this rule. I find that the California Bee- Keepers' Exchange has reduced the cost of sections to the consumer from ■?4.0U per 1.000 to •:^2 ."jO. I am afraid the Exchange will have more trouble to dispose of the honey crop at satisfactory prices. I found some friction between fruit-men and bee-men. 1 think the bee-men should »> You can get a SAFE and SURE cj ^S remedy for all the ordinary ^ ills of life as well as a SURE ^' CURE for BRIQHT'S DISEASE, URINARY DISEASES, FEflALE COnPLAINTS « ^ GENERAL DEBILITY, ^ I ^Km^ t a PrPvElY VEGETABLE PREPARA-*^ rt- TION that has cured thousands yjS SB and will cure you. Large ^C? |K» bottle or new style smaller ( bottle at your nearest store. ' Memorial Cards ! (Willi Portrait ou tlieni) F.ir presentiUlon upon the death of a dear one. lo rehitlves and friends, have come into vogue quite jrenerally of late years among the Amerlcau people. We furnish them to order. SeU'l lor tree illustrated circular and price list. Prompt, and satisfactory work at llviog prices. Address, O. S. UTTER 6l CO., Times Building'. - Chicago, Ills. WANTED— ATTENTION ! iJEE HERE, Fiiend Bee-Keeper. the best O yoods are none too good, and the lowest prices are none loo low tor the present times, so down go the prices for 1 897 on Full Eilne of Ree-Kerperti' Siippllio. 1 defy cotnpetiiion in quality and workman- ship. Working Wax into Foundation when sent to me. a si)ecialty. Write, without tail, forCatilog. My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at '-f.c cafh. or '29c in trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6A1 Mention the Atnerican Bee fournaL Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! HUY YOUR Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to ibfc liesl goods on the market. $«eiid lor Price-List. Kawson & Earner, Centralia, Wash. lOAl.'Jt .Mcntlnn the .Am. I>-e Journal. Golden Adel Texas Queens ! Dr. Gallup sajB they are the best he has In his yard. J. I>. <;IVEN!!, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 9AJ6t, advocate more strongly the benefits which fruit-growers derive from poUenization by bees. Ho.stile legislation on the Ijeeques- tion can be prevented as demonstrated by the prompt and decisive action of the Col- orado beekeepers. Mr. J. W. Harris (of Colorado) has done good work along these lines, and is deserving of much credit. 1 wish to say that my advertisement in the American Bee Journal brings me more inquiries than any other medium now in use for that jnirpose. W. H. Putnam. Pierce Co., Wis., March '20. Bees are All Bight. To day is rather cool. My bees are all right so far. They are now gathering pol- len, and I like to watch them as tbey come in. I would not like to be without the Bee Journal now. I take several papers, but the American Bee Journal is the most in- teresting to me. I watch for its arrival anxiously every week. I shall not do with- out it in the future; it is worth its price to those that handle bees, or to beginners. C. H. Pettingill. Richardson Co., Nebr., March 22. Lost for Want of Attention. My colonies are wintering outside iu 10- frame hives. I lost lately a nice colony of bees fwhich had wintered successfully) through want of attention. To-day I find tj or T more on the verge of starvation. The The point is this: Since the beginning of September last the bees in our locality have had to depend entirely upon their winter stores for their living. It will be eight months, by May 1. since they will have been drawing on their stores! So. please tell "the brethren" to be on the " look out " to ascertain as soon as possible the amount of their bees' stores, and to feed without delay. H. Ditret. Prov. of Quebec, Canada, March 39. Report from the North. We are having extremely cold, wintry weather here just now; lots of snow. My bees had the first flight this season on March 21, but since then we have had a great snow-storm, and they are again closed up. Last season was very good with us here, considering we are so far north. I com- menced the season with 30 colonies, In- creast to TO. and got of extracted and comb honey about two tons. I think the bees are going to come out all right this spring, as far as I can see now. I winter all on the summer stands. I never had any success with cellar wintering. Our seasons here for honey-gathering are very short com- pared with some places I see by reading the Bee Journal. I wish you all the success vour valuable Bee Journal deserves. Wm. Aires. Ontario. Canada, March 26. Wintering Under a Kitchen, Etc. We are on our second year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, and like it, of course. I often see questions and subjects in the American Bee Journal upon which 1 feel that I have some knowledge, that I might give light to other.s. if given expression. Ou page 134 is something about wintering bees in a cellar under a kitchen. I can give my experience on that. Our house is 32x40 feet, one half the length and width is walled up for a cellar. The ground slopes very much to the west, so there is a terrace, and the cellar occupies the west half. The east part next to the wall is quite deep, so that one can stand up in places, while farther under it is shallow. It is perfectly dark, the opening being from the woodshed on the north, and a small hole on the opposite side, in the wall, which is covered by a porch for ventilation. This place we use for a bee-cellar, and for no other purpose. It is perfectly dry, and when we wish to 220 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 8, eooQooo O d • 9 4 DON'T HAVE A LAWSUIT T^-ith \our iK-i:r:il>or IjtL-au^i- hi-* ftock bii-iih; in and destroys your crops. It is better and cheaper to fence with the Keystone AVoven 'Wire Fence. Where it is used there can be no such trouble. TrVhyi Because it keeps stock in or out. 2.') tor..Sin. hig-h. Strontr. durable, perfeet. Can'thurt i::tocIc— it's. smooth. Send f.ir free book on fence building. Keystone Woven Wire Fence Co., No. 3 linsh St.. Peoria. IJl. M€T^t^^'y-. tf^e ^m,erKc.-?.^-. Bee /c^trv^^^ •^ Money Saved is Money Gained. •$• THE ROYAL UMM Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents Wauted. RIG MONEY IN POULTRY [jPet Stock and Incubators if conducted 1 according to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits"iust out and ' sent postpaid with our ly97 Catalogue for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best engs and stock cost no more if purchased of us, you can then sell your product to s and thousand Bothers for high fancy prices, ■'e own 300 acres most eletiantly adapted to "pooltry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY &. PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y 7A13 Mention the American Bee Journal, Our '97 Cataloar — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for theaskio?. It is full of InformaHon. tS^ Write for It. I. J. STRli\OHAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. 7. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. 1. QUEENS Smokers, Sections . Comb Foundatiun, And all Aplulran Sii|i|)lies ' L^.,.-,. . -: -'—' eh*'ap- ^nA for HtLE aUlogue. E. T. FLA.\A«AN, IlellevJHe, III. 13A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE especially. All other Sui>plies iiccordlnprly. Send tor Catalog and Price-Li^t. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Iio.i!)KT, .-^iiEBoyoAN, Wis. A KENTUCKY HORSEMAN. A t'Ofnicusloiiifrnr s lu: i.•^ ni.t ■■t;ilkii)K I'Tiiiuiicv." l»ut siiij|.lv t'uud will Inw.-irii I lie in:iiiii(;irIiiiiTs<»f snoh li|ii'rlcc-l fi-nif. S:i\slif ■wcjiild rnl lliT [Kiy "iir iirlce lliail iKivir ii cotiiiiMiil wirtj f.-nce K'vfM lntii PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. ventilate it. we open an east and we.st door, and north window in the wooihouse. and there is a good circulation. We did not prepare this place, but simply utilize it for that purpose. In regard to noise, our kitchen, dining-room, and post-offlce are directly over the bees, and if noise would affect them they certainly would be af- fected. My experience is that noise does not affect them, but jarring does, so we are careful on that score. We removed the bottom and set the hive about 4 inches from the ground. Up to date we have only lost one colony out of 37 placed under there, and that was short of stores, and we could not get to it very well to supply it. We have 47 colonies packt out-of-doors with 4 inches of packing of straw and chaff all around. Only one colony is missing so far. Last year our weakest colonies were placed in the bee-cellar, and came through fine. My oldest son and I are partners in the bee-business. We are both quite enthusias- tic over it, tho perhaps not quite so public spirited as we should be in giving our knowledge for the good of others. We hope to be able to attend the convention at Buf- falo next fall. We run for comb honey mostly. Mrs. D. W. Brown. Raymond K. Brown. Erie Co., Pa., March 26. Bountiful Crop Expected. Old Winter is at last relinguishing his hold upon things terrestrial, and ever-wel- come spring is shimmering on the thresh- hold. The 9th of this month the mercury rose to 68 deg., Fahr., and my bees brought in a little pollen — the first of the season. The l.^th the mercury rose to 7U deg., and bees carried considerable pollen from the maples. The 19th was another fine day, tho windy. This has been a rather mild winter, tho very changeable; and I believe bees have generally wintered well, where well supplied with stores. I have heard of no losses except from starvation. We have had frequent rains of late, and the ground is thoroughly saturated with moisture. There is an abundance of white clover, and if the Good Father favors us with suitable weather, I look for a bountiful honey crop W. J. Cdllinan. Adams Co., HI., March 23. Wild Parsnip— Yellow Locust. I see so much said about wild parsnip in the Bee Journal that I thought I wouhl give a description of the true wild parsnip. It grows along river branches and in swamps. The tops look like the cultivated variety; the roots are quite different, having quite a number of small roots like a dog's foot, and is as poisonous to man and beast as arsenic. The bloom secretes nectar, and is not poisonous to the bees nor man. I can say the yellow locust yields nectar in abundance some years, and in others none at all. Its bloom is of short duration, only lasting a few days. My bees have wintered fairly well this winter. I lost one colony out of .50, the one becoming queenless. They are all workin^finely to-day — March 22— it being as warm as summer. I hope we will have a good honey-year. Success to the Bee Journal. A. J. McBhilie. Watauga Co., N. C. A Colorado Report. We began bee-keeping in the spring of I.S94 with 10 colonies of bees and the " A B C of Bee Culture. " We increast to 2:). and produced 600 pounds of honey. We wintered the bees on the suiiiiuer stands without loss. In the spring of 189."), with IS colonies (hav- ing purchast 12) and the Bee Journal for an assistant, we increast to 4.5, and produce! 1.. 500 pounds of honey. In 1S90 we had, spring count. .53 colonies, after purchasing 8. We increast to 78, and produced 3,U00 pounds of honey. At this writing I think the 78 colonies are all alive, and apparently strong in bees. As we are in an alfalfa and sweet clover ^ m 2.^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowera Olimate or Kesources. send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely lUuetrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 320 Market St.. ■ SAN FRANCISCO. GAL. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everytbing used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. If. PllTNAIU, fiiVER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. lMllfll'«! HONEY-EXTRACTOR lllUlll »S Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to — Chas. F. Muth & Sou, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the Americaji Bee Journal. SEE THAT WINK ! Uee - Supplies ! Root's Goods at Koot's Prices. Pouder's Hoiiey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rnte. Cat. tree. Walter S Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., TnDHNAPOLIS. 1NDI.4.NA. WHEN ANSWEfllMG THIS ADyEfiTlSEMF^T , MENT'ON TTS KVfhM^ mer if you want the •U^tC poVDtR'ip/' BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Apicultural Field more completely than anv other published, send • 1.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., tor h Is Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. .I" years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Or. Peiro, IIW State St., Chicago. [HATCH Chickens ^.TS^TEAM- EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple. Perfect, Self-ntgulat- \u(]. Thousamlji la suoco'^Btu! o)icratioa. KowcnI priced OrHt-clnMfi ]lat<-her niH«le. or more n-ill be delivered 1". o. b. cars t^prlugtletd. Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. 10A131. Mention tho Am. Bee Journal. i8y'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 221 district, we are sure of a honey crop every year, l)ut soiuetimes it is better than others, but there has never been a total failure of honey since the country has been settled. Frank Wixo. Mks. Floua Wing. Montrose Co., Colo., March 26. A Beginner's Report. I have only one colony of black bees in a Langstroth hive, which I purchast last summer. I got 50 pounds of comb honey, but no swarms, I thought of dividing this spring, but all bee-keepers here advise me not to do it. but to let them swarm. It seems they did not have much success with dividing. I wintered my colony on the summer stand, packt in sawdust. I listened today and could hear them humming merrily, but the weather has been bad for them. They have had only one flight since I packt them, and on looking around I see a large quantity of dead bees lying in front of the hive; before they had the flight there were hardly any dead ones. W. Norman. Shawano Co., Wis., March 22. Bees Did Fairly Well in 1896. My bees did fairly vrell in 1S%, and have come through the winter in good condition on the summer stands. I had about 400 pounds of comb honey from 'J colonies, and increast to 21, in 1896. A. R. TOMLINSON. Bureau Co., 111., March 29. *-*-^^^-*-^-^' CataIog'<« for 1*97. — We have re- ceived the following Catalogs, Price-Lists, etc., a copy of which may be obtained up- on application, always being careful to say you saw their advertisement in the Ameri- can Bee Journal: J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio — Queens, Supplies, Potatoes, Seeds and Plants. The Deming Co., Salem, Ohio — Spray Pumpsiand Nozzles. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich.— Comb Foundation and Bee-Keepers' Supplies. D. Hill, Dundee, 111. — Evergreen Special- ist, Fruit Trees, etc. F. Danzenbaker, Washington, D. C. — Facts About Bees, and Danzenbaker Hive. E. T. Flanagan, Belleville. Dl.— Bee-Keep- ers' Supplies. Bees and Queens. The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Man- ufacturing Company, Minneapolis, Minn. — Bee-Keepers' Supplies. C. & A. Hodgkins Co., Marlboro, N. H.— Water Rams and Wood- Work Machinery. Queens and (tiieen-Kearinsr.— If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below; how you may safely introduce any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly ; all about the diflferent races of bees ; all about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, iu fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's " Scientific. Queen-Rearing " — a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book: Bound in cloth, postpaid, :f 1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.75 ; or given free as a premium for sending us tim new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at $1.00 each. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JouKNAL. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thu.s securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the maDufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largfest Factories and the latest and most-improved niacbiuery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there Is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and wllitest Bassw'ood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention tlio Americau Bee .Tournal. TAtf That Glueen-Clipping Device Free I Works Mke a Cbarm. The Monetle Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A charm. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees. Wm. Stollev, Grand Island, Nebr. Couldn't Do Wlttaont It. I have clipped IS queens, and must say the Monefte Queen-CUpping Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Db. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us jnst one neio n/ime for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer % You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK 6c CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. BEE-KEEPEKS We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free Iliiislrated Catalog and Pricc-Lisl. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. SpeciaUgciit for the Soutliwest^^- ^- ""^^^^'joseph, mo. mr. Abbott sells our Hives and Seetlons at Factory Prices. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTINa. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7K cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, G\4 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. F'ine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. I^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Micliigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 222 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Apr 8, FEED YOUR BEESi WITH BASWOOD. PROTECT THEM WITH EVERGRENS. j lOO,'^ to 5 feet, SilO. lOO liHswood Seedlings, *I. Htliveix^a fi-t-e, Otiit-rJ ^i/cH Just as cheap. 60 iSl.OO IJurgains by mail. Millions to select from. Also f I'mit Trees. Small FruitH. \'in<'s, etc. Liberal easli conimissions for rhibs. Illustrated cataloyrue fr«*e. (lood local S!i|.-.nu'n wanted. Addn-ns D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL.' 4 E6t Mention the A merican Bee JourndL PAID FOR Ph!! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure V'ello'w Beeswax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 2-i cents per pound, CASH ; or '2S cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigran St.. CHICAGO. ILL. ^^ HYDRAULIC RAM Where the conditions are just right, there Is certainly no other wiiy to rittse water eo nine- ly as with the Hydraulic Kiim. All that is re- quired Is a little fall of water fi-ora the spring or tjrook If you write C. HODGKIN»i at SONS. Marlboro, >. H., they will tell you all about them. MetUion Uie Americun Uee JotinuU- fEarly Italian Queens? Up till the middle of April at these prices: Untested, 75c. ; Tested, $1.S5. E. I<. CARRINGTON, 5AlTt De Fanlak Sprlnss, Fla. 'We'^t'i.j'o fr^ Arf.tvricc:,". .Bee Jc'i.j"'-".^,. A booklet, handsomely illustra- ted, describing INebraska. her farms and the opportunities there for young men and farm renters to become farm owners Mailed without charge on application to P. S. BusTis. General Passenger Agent, C, B. & Q. E. K., Chicago. III. 14A8t Mentici the American Bee Jowntjni.v Golden It.allan. 3-Banded, Carnlolan— Queens by return mail. Potatoes at low prices. Catalog tells all. Send for it. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. 14Elf Pleiise mention the Bee Journal. ACCUf Black and Hybrid Queens to sell, or ILlV kill. Blacks, l.'ic., or8 forjl. Hy- brids, yOc, or 6 for $1. Choice tallan Queens ready May 1st. Tested, 90.\; Untested. 6.")c. Nuclei wav down. Circular free. M. O. office Sparta, Te'nn. CIMIfKR i IdM.KTT, (Juelicrk, Teiiii. Mention the American Dee Journal nrr VCCDCDC ! Let me send you my 64- DLL-NLLr tnO ! page Catalog for i8!)7. J. ill. Jcukins, Wetunipka, /Via. Menti/yn the Amenrorn dee Jaii/nvt-t For Sale, Choice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at $.5.00 ; Nuclei, »1 per Frame. — /y%':i[- .in all the many sliows in ) vsliicli it has r"iriici|iateHlf reKulatinp. entirely uuto- ^._-_. ..lalic. you put in the ece-'^- 'lie ^^ Ki'iiabledoes the ree.t. All ahout fc , , , thi.s and many things of vahie to J thernultry man in our nnw hook, fiend lllfts forit . j RELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO.. OUINCY, IllS' E ariiimiiiigif imimmiiirTTiTiy iJHfiiiiiiiimiB 36E17t f lease inentiou ttie Bee Journal For a knife that will cut a horn withoiu f crustaing, because it cuts from four t j.„ ^TTT" sides at once pet— - ~ : -^^THE KEYSTONE — DEHORNER^- It is humane, rapiil and durable. Fully J warranted. Highest award at Woeld's # Fair. Descriptive circulars IFR^EE. # A. <• I5KOSM S, Cochranvillc. Vn, 9 40El3t Mention the Amt^rican Bee Jofimal;, MONEY IN POULTRY Uiir foNtIrt Viiiiii:il mui it.x.I. ol' \ »Uiiil)lp |{.Tl|>''-.i'>r''iT,liii.'lyiiiiiilcilni coli.rs.i^'jv- iiif I'lil^. 'li'M-'M|''i"'is and prices of 4r, of ^hol.■;ldlll^■ v,iriotiis.>f Fancy Fowls, with ini|)iii-:aiil III Ills i>n lliccaru of poultry, niid liumli' l"^ "f rt'cipcsof grciit value. Over lIHMi pi.'iiiiiinis Willi .it h-aililih- shoWB. Trlci's Iteiliiri'tl Oni'-Foiirtli. Kinfst book out Pm-.- .inly 10c. Will return money if not v,,i,sf,i.-l,,iv. A.lili.">s. Itov ;:i, IKhUTA, ILL., 1. S. A. Mention the American Bee JcumoLM 4E7t ^i WOVEN..WM.FENOEt il*".t nil Kiirllt. Ila day for J 12 to 20 cts. a Rod.; 0»rr to hHI'"<. Cataloiriic Kivp. T KITSELMAN BROS., T n..\ i;is. Ridgevitle, Ind.T FrioiiilN III Want oT Bee-Keepers' Siipiilics or llic Hcst Hive Call and see luc when In Boston. 13A2t S. A. FISHKK, 82 WaterSt. WHEN ANSWEniftO THIft ADVEKTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL. 189 '< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 223 fiONEY and BEESWAX The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancv.— All sections to be well flUed; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb uosoiled by trnvel-staln, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsolled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is. there will be "fancy white," ** No. 1 dark," etc. Cliicag'o, 111.. Mar, 19.— Fancy white. 11® 1 2c. ; No. 1 , 1 0@1 1 c. : fancy amber, 9c. ; No. 1 , 7c.; fancy dark. 8c.; No. 1, 7c. Extracted, white, 5(a7c. ; amber, 5©6o. ; dark, 4 >4c. Bees- wa.x, 25@'27c. Stocks are working down, but there is no Improvement in price. The season for comb honey is drawing to a close. Any one intend- ing to market in the cities should do so now. Albany, N. Y., Mar. 20,— Fancy white, 12- i:!c.; No. 1. 11-12C.: tancv amber, 9-IOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark, 7-8c ; No. 1, 6-7c. Extracted, white. .i-6c.; dark. .J^-lc. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on baud small. Indianapolis, Ind., Peb. 20.— Fancy white. 14-15C.: No. 1 white, 12-i:3c. Extracted, white, 6-7e. Beeswax, 22-2oc. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.: No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Cleveland, Ohio, Peb, 20,— Fancy white, 14V4@1.5c.: No. I white. 12y,@13c. Extracted, white, 6@7c.; amber, 4H@5i4c. Beeswax, 22 ©25c. There is not very much honey ItJ our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. St. liOtiis, Mo., Feb. 19.- Fancy comb, 12® @1.3c.: No. 1 white, ll@HHc.; amber, 9® lO^c; dark, 7®8Hc. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7c. ; amber, in barrels, 4®4i4c: extra, oc. ; dark, .3@4e. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 23@23i4c, —prime finds ready sale at 23!4c. San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 17.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, 5-7c. Extracted, white, 5-5HC.; light amber, 3>4-4c.; dark tule, 23lic. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-26c. Philadelphia, Pa., Peb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-l:ic : fancy amber. S-yc: No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7e. ; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3K-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey — very little demand. Extracted in good demand. ITew York, W, Y ,Feb. 20.— There has been a little better demand for comb honey during the last two weeks Prices, however, will not improve, as the season is too far advanced and plenty ol stock laying on the market. We have a good demand for extracted buck- wheat, candied, and bee-keepers having their crop on hand yet, should now market It. Beeswax is quiet at 20 28c.. according to quality. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar, 22. — Demand is slo- lor all kinds of honey, with a fair suD- ply. Comb honey, 10@13e. for best grades; extracted. 3ma6c. There is a fair home de- mand for beeswax, with a fair supply, at 22® 25c. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo,, Mar. 22.— No. 1 white, 12®i3c.; fancy amber, ll@12c.: No. 1 amber, 10® lie; fancy dark, 9@10c.; No. 1 dark, 8® 9c,; Extracted, white, 5® oHc; amber, 4^® 5c,; dark, 4c. Beeswax, 22@25c. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.— No. 1 and fancy white comb, ll-12c ; other brands, 7-1 Oc, Extracted, white. 5-6c. ; amber and dark, 4-5c. Beeswax, 24-25c. Minneapolis, Minn,, Feb. 20. — Fancy white. 11401 '-c; No. 1 white. 10@llc.; fancy amber. 0@iOu.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7@8c. ; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 6®7c. ; amber, 5®5^c. : dark. 4050. Utah white extracted, saSHc. Beeswax, 23® 2(ic. Market fnlily steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, N. Y., Apr. 2.— Our market con- tinues about 10-llc. for fancy honey, occa- sional sales at I'-c. Some lots bang fire, but anything that is beyond criticism sells very well. Com on ranges from 8-5c. Extracted, 4^-5>4c,, as to quality, etc. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. ClileaKO, Ills. R, A, BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. V. HiLDRETB Bros. & Seqelken, Kansaa CItjr, 9Io. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St BuOalo, N. Y. BATTER80N & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Oblo. Williams Bros . 80 & 82 Broadway. St. I■«■<.; may be due to a catarrhal cold, or may be the result ot infection from a sufferer from that disease. The lids are covered with matter, by which they are generally stuck together over night, part- ing with difficulty and perhaps pain on waking in the morning; the light-either sun or lamp light— being often unbearable. As much pulverized borax as will cover a dime, put into a pint of water, and fre- quently applied in and over the lids, will do great good. A little camphorated ointment applied to the edges of the lids on going to bed will prevent their sticking together. A teaspoonful of Epsom salts, morning and night, taken in hot water is excellent. The diet should be light. If these directions are followed a cure is pretty certain to ensue. Sliing'I«->N are itching "welts'"— raised places on the body, particularly the arms, legs, and stomach that look much like big musquito bites. They itch intensely, and scratching does no good. It is the result of a disordered digestion, eating substances that are either too much in quantity or in- digestible. In any case, the stomach needs a rest, and a pinch of cooking soda every hour or two — with an occasional dose ot salts at bed time. There is no danger to be apprehended from this condition, tho it is greatly feared by some. A tew days' treat- ment as above will fully cure. l>esli-oy<'riiiiilica<1n<1ios had best write me regarding their troubles personally, enclosing stamp for reply. It is not best to explain some tacts in public print. <'ross»i;j'es can be straightened with- out difficulty or much pain by a skillful surgeon, and it ought to be. for none ot us wish to appear needlessly deformed. We owe it to everybody to look as well as we can. ."\«-rvousiiess may be due to many causes, too numerous to mention here, but I will be glad to help any young people with such friendly suggestions as may be necessary. Dr. Peiro. I AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR, PEIBO. Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. M'>ri\i>on \he Amencun Bee Journal, 224 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1897. H f^ M H A Copy of LDLL Successful Hee-Keepin^, r n r I hy W. Z HutchlDSon ; I I ■ k Mi and our 18t I'lizo U ii.M.iH uiiil Kk'KH. J'o»l|.irid recftii't (jl Kifcnts, if you writt- iimv. JOEH BAns:H£I!, Jr., Box U4 Fiecpoit, III. lOAiat Mention the American Bee Journal. ^"^•^ Dadant's Foundation ffi Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IPi 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Xross. Patent 'Weed Process of Sbeeting^. Sen<1 IVanie ioi- Our Catalog:, Samples ot Foiin«1ation and Teil IMatei-ial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Rinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. Please mention the Am. Bee Journal ^1 eMowioi^i'e ^leMowioMt I=IS][: Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Snow-white. No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.25 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.50 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 4.75 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 6.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-Lii$t of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. 6A35t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. Gut Prices to Move Stock!! There are a few items of desirable stock left of the goods secured of Thomas G. Newman when we took charge of his supply business here. In order to close these out and make room for fresh, new goods, we have decided to offer these at prices which will make them go. The following is the list, which will be corrected as the stock is sold ; if you see what you want here, order at once, or you may be to late : V-Top Langstroth Frames, 75o per 100 ; 250 for $1,25 ; 500 for $2. All-Wood Frames, pierced for wire, same price while they last. No. 3 VanDeusen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn., in 25-lb. boxes, .'i;i0.50 a box, Wakeman & Crocker Section-Press, 50c each (old price, $1.25). Townsend Section-Press, 50c. (old price, $1.) Hill Feeders, quart size, 8c each, 75c per doz. (less than half old prices). Hill Smokers, -lOc each ; by mail, GOc. Quinby Smokers at 50c, 70c, and $1.00 each — 20e extra by mail. Jones' Frame-l'liers, 10c each ; by mail, 10c extra (old price, 25c and postage,) 1896 Dovetailed Hives at Special Prices. Desiring to make room for new goods, we offer from stock at this branch. No. 1 Dovetailed hives, S-frame complete, with sections, foundation-starters, and nails, at $.5.75 for .5; S;10.50for lU; .*:i0.00 for M; No. IE, same without sections and starters, $4. T5 for .5; ?;8.50forl0; .*lt;.00 for20; lU-frame complete, 30 cts. each extra; Ul-frame E, 15 cts. each extra. Other Hives in stock at a similar reduction. If -vvauletl by ■■'■■<>Ig:lil. add a.lc lor carlage on oiMlvrs for less llian !$.t THE A. I. (Jeo. W. York, Manager. ROOT COMPANY, 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 15, 1897. No. 15. View of Mr. C. W. McKown's Apiary. Mr. McKown beKan the bee-business In 1878, in a small way, by buying a few colonies in box-hives, and past through about the usual experience of others in getting them home and transferring them to movable-frame hives. In moving them home the combs broke down in two of the hives, and daubed and drowned the bees. Then in transferring there were more failures, as a natural consequence with a beginner. His only help was Prof. Cook's " Manual of the Apiary," and the American Bee Journal. After transferring, he secured some Italian queens, and had the first and only yellow bees in his vicinity at that time. Winter losses were heavy, and as he had to winter them on the summer stands, he changed all into double-walled hives. Since then (for 12 years) winter losses have been very light. For four years profit and loss were about equally divided, but Wax Moth and Worms in Comb Honey. BY 6. M. DOOLITTLE. One of our oldest and largest comb honey producers writes me thus : Please give us through the columns of the American Bee Journal the best method of keeping comb honey from worms, or the larvae of the wax-moth ; how to destroy such as may be in it when taken from the hive, etc. By doing this you will Apiary of Mr. V. W. McKown, of Knox Co., Ills. in the spring of 1882 he had 60 colonies, and that summer secured 10, 17.J pounds of honey, and sold it for an average of 13 cents, having hired only .SIS worth of help. Since then it has been smooth sailing with him and the bees. He has had as many as 24:0 colonies at a time, but aims to winter but 100. The apiary is in the center of the village, with a street on two sides within a few feet of the outside hives, yet he has never had any trouble with travelers, thieves or neighbors. His production Is about ofie-third comb and two-thirds ex- tracted, and he depends upon the home market, just like every wise bee-keeper does, when he possibly can do so. give us something which will be appreciated by the largest number of bee-keepers. I know you have before given your method of keeping moth-worms out of comb honey, but that was for comparatively small lots; and, besides, the methods which have proven elBcient should be given again and again, so as to keep them before the people, and especially that those new in the business may find what they want," I had not thought it necessary to write further on the sub- ject of "worms in comb honey," but from the above, and sev- eral letters which have come to me of late, of like import, per- haps it may be well to speak of this matter again, prefacing it a little to show how we were led to the present ways of keep- ing comb honey. Years ago, when I first commenced to keep bees, nearly every one who then kept them, stored their honey in the cellar. 226 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 15, considering that such was the place that would keep it best, for it was thought that a cool 'or cold place was what was needed for the preservation of this product; and it is very hard work to get this notion out of the heads of many who buy honey at the present time. However, it was soon found out that if kept for any length of time in a cool, damp place, the honey would commence to sweat or ooze out of the unsealed cells and sour, while if left in such a place for two or three months the cell cappings would assume a watery appearance and finally burst, so that the whole would become a souring, bad-smelling and bad-tasting mass. This led to the discovery that just the reverse of a cool cellar was the proper place to keep honey, if we wisht to have it improving on our hands ; and so it has come to pass that every bee-keeper of any experi- ence is to-day recommending a room, whose temperature can be kept at from 80^ to 90^, as the only place in which honey should be kept. By thus storing our product, we have the honey growing thicker and of better quality as time advances, and I see no reason why comb honey could not be kept for an indefinite period, if always in such a place. But in having such a warm place in which comb honey is stored, another diliBculty arises, which difficulty comes in the shape of the larvre of the wax-moth, as our correspondent sug- gests. Some of our bee-friends tell us that they are never troubled with these pests, but unless comb honey is sorted as it comes from the hive, I have yet to see a ton of comb honey that does not have more or less of these worms on it, at the end of three weeks from the time of taken from the hive, if kept in a warm room. If the honey is sorted, and only those sections which are snow-white put together, such combs will rarely have any worms on them ; but all that are discolored at or near the bottom, and those having any pollen in them are almost sure to be damaged by worms, unless some precaution is taken. After such honey has been away from the •bees about ten days, if we inspect the cappings which are discolored, and those about any cells of pollen, we will detect little places of white dust resembling flour upon the surface of the comb, and usually the more abundant near the bottom of the section. Now, altho this place may not be larger than the eye of a fine cambric needle, still it tells us for certain that a tiny worm of the wax-moth is there, and that unless it is destroyed it will destroy more or less of the comb which incases our honey. If, after several such examinations you fail to find such little, white, fiour-like places, you need feel very thankful and consider yourself more fortunate than many are. But, if you should find these, the next thing is to sulphur your honey, as this is the best known remedy at the present time. My way is as follows : I take an old iron-kettle of suitable size, and put some ashes in the bottom of it, so there will be no danger of fire re- sulting from the heat from the coals which are to be placed therein. When I have the kettle thus prepared, I take it to the room where the honey Is kept, and pour sulphur over the coals (the sulphur having previously been weighed), to the amount of one-fourth of a pound to every 75 cubic feet con- tained in the room, when the kettle is quickly pusht under the pile of honey (it having been piled a little off from the floor for the purpose), and the room closed. You will have to be spry in doing this or you will get some of the fumes thereof yourself, which is not very pleasant, I assure you, after hav- ing a trial or two of the same myself. I now look at the windows (two of which should be provi- ded for ventilation in any honey-room) to which any bee or fly which may chance to be in the room will come, hoping to es- cape their doom. As soon as I see that the last of these are lifeless, I take out my watch, and after the lapse of five min- utes, I open the windows so as to carry out the fumes as soon as possible, for if allowed to settle on the combs it will give them and the wood of the sections a greenish color, which will damage the sale of the same. This same thing is sometimes liable to occur if a larger quantity of sulphur is burned than given above. It seems to be a very nice point to get the mat- ter right, for if too much Is used the combs are sure to be turned green, while if too little is used the worms will not be killed. The above amount has been arrived at after years of trial and experience. If more honey is brought Into the room after the first has been sulphured, this is also watcbt, and when the flour-like spots are found, the same operation is repeated, and so on till I am sure the honey leaves my hands without danger of those pests making an appearance after it has been placed upon the market. While on this subject. It might be well for me to say that I am not troubled nearly as much with these worms at the present time as I formerly was, the reason of which I attribute to my care that no combs are ever left exposed so as to brood these pests. Years of care along this line will certainly large- ly free any apiary of this moth difficulty, unless we have those keeping bees about us who pay no attention to this matter. Hives of combs left in the yard after the bees have died from them, (as I have seen them in many apiaries, till they were sending out moths by the thousand and million, to be a nui- sance for years to come), are often a bane to those who would have thiugs as they should be. A little care on the part of every one would save all this. Onondaga Co., N. Y. How Far Do Bees Fly for Forage ? BY DR. E. GALLUP. I am askt how far bees will fly in pursuit of forage, etc. I was the first person to introduce Italian bees into Iowa, in the section where I lived, and I found them working on a patch of buckwheat 5 miles directly north. The second sea- son that I kept them an old bee-hunter traced them 6 miles from my apiary. He was three days tracing them. He found them at work on a field of buckwheat very freely, or, as he exprest it, "slathers of them ;" and as he had never beard of the Italians they excited his curiosity, and he was bound to get them. He had to line them 3 miles across the prairie, and 3 miles through heavy timber. I lived just at the east edge of the timber. I saw him as he came into the clearing, and went and met him. He was quite excited, and showed me his new race of bees. He had then got a strong line, and thought he must be very near them. I invited him to leave his box of bait and come with me. We were then within 20 rods of the apiary, and when I showed him the hives and bees he exprest great surprise, and said that he had never heard of Italians, and he would bedoggoned if he would have spent so much time hunting the pesky things if he had known about me keeping them. He lost the line several times in the timber. Italians are strong fliers, and how much farther they will go in pursuit of forage I do not know. They did not seem to be much exhausted on arriving at the hives with their loads, as I watcht them closely at different times. Of course, they flew over instead of through the timber, which was on the river flats, while the prairie was considerably higher. And now comes another story : It is a fact that there are bees on Catalina Island, and I am informed that they are well-markt hybrids or Italians. So far as known, no one ever took bees there in the first start. The distance from the main land is called 30 miles. In March, when bees swarm here, the wind usually blows from the east towards the Ocean, and sometimes quite strongly. Wild swarms almost invariably, that are passing over, move from east to west. In summer the wind always blows from the west or southwest. A man that kept some 25 colonies on the bluff or mesa, as it is called here, at the edge of the Ocean, informed me that his abscond- ing swarms would rise up in the air, and start over the Ocean west. Now comes another story: A fisherman catching fish about midway between the Island and the main land, saw a swarm pass over his fishing boat, and they were passing from the Island to the main land. This was at the time when the wind was blowing strongly from the Island to the main land. Now, you Eastern chaps may think this sounds like a " fish story," but I have no doubt about bees succeeding in passing both ways. Of course, it is circumstantial evidence, but that the bees are on the Island is a positive fact. The question is, 'How did they get there f Orange Co., Calif. "^ The Reciprocal Influence of the Queen Upon the Spermatozoa, and Vice Versa. BT ALEX. C. M. SCHRODER. All breeders of foreign races of bees have often observed that the progeny of yellow queens which had been mated to a black drone, showed this not only in their workers, but also in the drone, which latter, according to the laws of the parthe- nogenesis, are developt from uaimpregnated, say virgin, eggs, and therefore should have no relationship to the drone that mated with their mother ! It often happens that the same queen produces finer-look- ing workers in her second season, whilst her drones are less fine looking fellows; all the facts have not yet been ex- plained in any satisfactory way, and many a one has been In- duced to doubt the truth of parthenogenesis, in his own heart. If not openly 1 Now, I do firmly believe in the virgin's propa- gation of bees; I am convinced that the drones issue from not 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 227 fecundated eggs, and represent strictly nothing but their mothers' blood, and explain the above-mentioned facts simply by the Influence either of the queen's blood upon the sperma- tozoa, or of these latter upon the queen's blood. Many years ago I had a fine Angora cat, grey like a mouse, with long, silky hair. She was mated to a male cat of a common race, and produced half-breed kittens, I was sorry about it, but thought the next time I would do better, and when the time came I lookt my lady puss up, and with her a fine Angora male cat. The result, however, was not what I thought — the kittens were not all Angora cats at all ! I was then told that the same thing happened with other animals. For instance, the mare that had been crost with a donkey, and had once produced a mule, was no more to be used for horse-breeding, as the young horses showed some connection with their "stepfather," Mr. Donkey ! It was in the year 1875 or 187(i, I made a call upon Count Kolowrat and Mr. Ed Cori, in Bohemia, the first breed- ers of Cyprian queens in Europe, from whom I had procured the same, and there I found that even the primogenitors (I mean the queens' daughters of original queens) — that all pro- duced only 3-banded workers, with the " half-moon " on the corselet, altho it was pretty certain that they had been mated to black drones ; whilst their drones showed signs of hybridiza- tion ! We could not, at the time, come to a conclusion how this fact could be explained with the laws of parthenogenesis, and only much later I came to the persuasion that it was nothing but the influence of the queens' blood upon the sper- matozoa of the male, which live in her spermatheca ! The queen-bee is once mated, and the male sperm is taken up and preserved in a special little bag, called the "sperma- theca," and here continues to vegetate and impregnate the eggs from which workers or queens have to issue. Now, would it be possible that these spermatozoa could live in that bag for years, without any nourishment of some kind, with- out coming In contact with life giving or preserving blood ? Could the spermatheca, or any part of the queen-bee, continue to vegetate without the circulation of the blood ? No! The circulation of the blood is absolutely necessary to keep alive the queen and all her organs; and last, but not least, the spermatozoa, which in millions in number are of immense im- portance to the existence of the whole colony. Now, if we admit the circulation of blood, we must admit also that particles — be it most infinitesimal — of the drone's blood will assimmilate with that of the queen, and vice versa, the spermatozoa will also absorb particles of the queen's blood, and, consideriug that a queen lays her own weight in eggs in a short time, it proves an immense power of reproduction, so that the asslmmilation or reciprocal influence will always more and more increase, and still show itself in the prog- eny the second season. During the laying season tha spermatheca contains a greater quantity of bee-blood than during the winter time ; this fact induced, some years ago, a certain Mr. Metzger, in Hungary, to suggest that the drone-eggs were fecundated by this liquid, and that the spermatheca produced (when once fecundated) new spermatozoa in itself ! Now I think that my theory, which explains all the peculiar facts that apparently speak against the truth of parthenogenesis, has more right to likelihood than the hypothesis of Metzger, who wanted to make a hermaphrodite of the queen-bee, rather than believe that anything can be born without fecundation. I would be pleased to hear our American bee-keepers' opinion about my theory, and I will submit to anybody's bet- ter explanation of the above-mentioned facts. Trieste, Austria. Feeding Bees Grapes and Raisins. BY SKYLARK. The editor of the Bee Journal calls on me for something " real praclleal." Well, Mr. Editor, I have a box of it — of the real, unadul- terated article, hid away some place, but I have forgotten where I hid it. But while I am thinking where It is, I will tell you how I fed ray bees in 1896. In that eventful year, there was no honey here, and star- vation stared the bees in the face. Three years ago raisins were so low that I fed my crop to hogs. In 1895 I could not sell my crop at all — could not trade them for anytliina but contemptuous laughter. I refused the trade, for I had enough of that on hand. With a crop of raisins on hand, and a crop of grapes ripening that there was no sale for in any shape — with the bees in a coDdition that they were sure to starve dur- ing the fall and winter — what would you have advised ? Buy sugar? Not much. No, sir. The genius of Skylark rose— or fell — to the occasion. I was sitting on a pile of raisin trays in the vineyard figuring up the cost of digging out 10 acres of vines 1 1 years old. The bees in tens of thousands were around me, sucking the juice from crackt grapes and those punctured by birds. All at once a thought struck me just above the eyes so hard that it knockt me clear off that pile of trays. Eureka! I will feed the vineyard to the bees ! And as they come a quarter of a mile from home for the juice, why not make the horses carry it to them, or close to them ? I had a home treadmill and press for making vinegar, and I utilized these for getting out the juice for the bees. I fed in a large solar extractor (out-of-doors under the shade of a tree), and covered the feed with a little hay. This was con- tinued for more than a month — giving them all they would carry away. 1 found the juice would sour If any were left over more than the second day. So I drew off all that was left each evening, and boHccl it. The boiled juice will keep in the open air several days ; and sealed up tight, indefinitely — say 6,000 years. I finally took to boiling it all for them, and I had no bother watching it. In fact, this is nothing less than unfermented wine. But in boiling, all the alcohol is evapor- ated, and it makes a splendid cooling drink for a hot summer day. There is not a vestige of tanglefoot left in it. Now I have been doing the same thing with the raisins for spring feeding, only I had to boil them and then press out the juice. The bees made no kick against the proceeding, and I didn't. In both cases 1 made vinegar out of the pulp. Now, I am sorry you fellows East have no Muscat grapes — no I'm not, either ; you crow too much anyhow. Your grapes would kink a bee up into a double bow-knot in half a minute. Grapes ! THE NEW DEEP CELL FOUNDATION. I see that Editor Hutchinson, with T. F. Bingham and others, are out against the introduction of the new deep-cell foundation. But there is no use in kicking against the march of improvements. It has gone steadily on for years — here a little and there a little, ever since Langstroth invented the movable-frame hive. The invention of deep-cell foundation IS a great leap forward in the right direction. Instead of help- ing the adulterator it will kill his business dead, for who will produce extracted when he can get just as much comb honey for the same labor ? In time there will be no extracted honey in the market? W. Z. is afraid of leather. Now, leather — in the shape of a good pair of boots — is much more valuable than deep-cell foundation, pound for pound. Editor Root — In fact all the Roots and branches — are far too sharp to put their boots into drawn combs ! In these latter years the improvements in apicultural ap- pliances have been so great, so swift, and so complete a victory all along the line, that our future progenitors will look back upon us with admiration, pride, veneration and love. I will, anyhow ! Strawberries and Honey-Bees — Queen Stung. BY CARSON VAN BlARICUM. In previous issues of the Bee Journal the subject of straw- berries and bees has been carefully examined, and we conclude that bees do, and do not, visit the berry bloom in quest of honey, but all agree that they sometimes do gather pollen, but only on certain occasions, and then only when the atmos- phere is in a humid condition. I have had my colonies situated within six rods of half an acre of strawberries for the last four years, and by actual observation I have always seen a few bees, between the hours of 9 and 11 a.m., flitting from flower to flower, and I have observed, too, by following a particular bee, that eventually it would leave for other pastures without any perceptible reward for its toil. Dandelions are in blossom In profusion at the same time, when any observer would actually be In error as to the actual facts of the case. I have been carefully endeavoring to ascer- tain from what source came the pollen, so generally carried by the bee, and traced its origin to the dandelion. So much for personal observation. These are Nature's own identical truths. To summarize : We must conclude the fact as a probable result, that bees do not glean any perceptible addition to their stores, or gain an advantage by toiling amid strawberry bloom. 228 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 15, A OUEENBEE 8TDNG, AND ITS RECOVERT. One Sunday iu July, a young bee-enthusiast wisht to see a queen-bee. To accommodate him, I opened a hive of Ital- ians, and found her majesty. I deposited her in my hand, while several of us closely examined her actions . (timid ones at a respectable distance for safety, so they said — while I laught at their fears). Oa returning her to the brood-nest, she became frightened and took wing. Then taking several circles around us, she entered a hive of hybrids. She belonged to a spring swarm, and was not dipt as the others. I at once opened the hive, and found her being balled by the bees. Rescuing her, I concluded she was unharmed, but by examin- ing the bunch of bees in hand, I separated her therefrom. I noticed a sting clinging to the under side of the thorax. I extracted it, and supposed she was free from injury, but all at once she was taken with a sudden tremor, and apparently succumbed. We all exprest onr opinion that she was beyond recovery, but I thought to experiment a little. So on the impulse of the moment I carried her to the house and placed her under a large microscope. I soon discovered that she appeared as if under a powerful narcotic. Placing her immediately in a water bath, thickened with saliva, she began to regain activity. When returned to the hive, the bees cleaned her, and now she reigns queen of all she surveys., A FREAK OF A SVPARM OF BEES. Just after midsummer I discovered a peculiar feature re- garding a colony of bees. I had two weeks before removed two full supers of honey and placed an empty one containing drawn-out combs. I was surprised (to put it very mild) later on, to find this super nearly full of biood with a queen. A queen also was quietly at work in the brood-nest below. The queen below was a young one, just nicely depositing eggs; while the one above was the mother, or old queen, as her wings were dipt. There was ne honey-board between. To all appearance there were two colonies within one hive. I removed the super to a new location for several days, as a test, and both workt with a will. Later I united, choosing the best queen, and all progrest as finely as before. The old queen was only one year old, and perfect in every way. Her bive was satisfactorily supplied with brood. Thus you readily perceive that they were not desiring to supersede her. WHITE OR PICKLED BROOD VS. FOUL BROOD. Two years ago my bees had, to all appearance, foul brood, and I wrote to Dr. Miller in regard to it. His reply was that under the existing condition mentioned he could not name or discover a remedy, but later developments convinced me that it was not foul brood. Whatever it may have been, it shows itself in July and August, and then usually disappears for the season. Last year I discovered a remedy, but it requires patience and forbearance to apply it. I have an ear-spoon which I used with success. Take one teaspoonful of honey, dilute with five drops of water, and add three drops of phenol or carbolic acid ; moisten the ear-spoon and introduce it into the cell, and extract the dead brood. This is all I found neces- sary for a complete cure. Taken when first discovered, it can be executed with rapidity. The contaimination is very slow at first, but later its action Is more progressive. Thus matters can be facilitated by applying the remedy on its discovery. Calhoun Co., Mich. Various Notes and Commetits. BY J. M. YOUNG. I keep a note-book, and when an idea comes to my mind that I think would be of any interest I jot it down. In look- ing over that book now, I find the following, or the text of what I have written since my last : Newspapers Around Hives. — Did you know that when riding or driving against a cold, strong wind, if a common newspaper be placed under the vest over the breast, that it will keep the body much warmer than anything else that can be used? Well, the same idea will work If you put that same newspaper or something like it around your bee-hives when packing them for winter. Try it and see if you are not sur- prised. Bkk-Entrance Guards. — It is a good time now to put on bee-entrance guards. They will save many a small swarm from coming out and going into other hives. It is a mystery sometimes why these small swarms come out; all the reason I know is, they are like some people that want to be always moving around. Leaves for Winter Packing. — I use forest leaves for winter packing on top of the brood-frames in the upper story of my hives. I find that it is the cheapest material that can be obtained, and it is easily disposed of in the spring, by spreading it out over the garden or truck-patch. Making Experiments. — The editorial advice given on page 1(18, under the head of " Making Experiments " is well said, and if such advice is heeded it will save the bee-keeper many times the cost of his Bee Journal. This applies to be- ginners, and, come to think about it, all my notes are directed to this class of individuals. Of course the experienced will pay no attention, anyway. Tall Sections. — The Colorado Bee-Keepers' Association has put a damper on that changing-to-the-tal!-section busi- ness. I don't know as I blame them very much. There are many good points of interest put forth in that paper, read by Mr. Tracy before that body, that are well founded ; especially that part relating to supply manufacturers and dealers. An error exists iu my notes on page 165, under the head of tall sections, in the 6th line. It reads " 12-inch case," which should be 12 in a case. Take a Bee-Paper. — No wide-a-wake bee-keeper should think of keeping bees without subscribing for a good, live, up- to-date bee-paper. Many ideas will be pickt up that will pay many times the cost of the publication. Visiting. — Why didn't you come down to my place, Mr, Bevins, (see page 161) when you were at Omaha taking in the sights ? It was only 22 miles down here — a half hour's ride — and we would have shown you an apiary that wasn't in the weeds, cornstalks or potatoes, but you would have seen them pretty close to the grape-vines, though. I might not have been at home, but the bees were. Saving the Bee-Papers. — If you want to save a world of information just file away your bee-papers as fast as you get them read, into a good binder. I have on hand now near- ly all the bee-periodicals I have ever received, back for about 20 years. I seldom look over any of them but what I find some good idea entirely forgotten. Value of the Unfinisht Sections. — When fitting up the cases and filling them with sections, I always select all those that have comb in them, and put them together in cases by themselves. When taking off the first comb honey I find that cases treated in this manner are filled and finisht first, and quite often colonies that have these drawn-out combs to commence on, will fill the second case before those that have starters are only one-half filled. Foundation for Hives. — I have been advocating for several years half bricks put under corners of hives for a foundation. After I have been using them all this time I find that there has been iu use something much better. The prin- cipal objections against half bricks is, they are nothigh enough, for moles and other ground-workers will work the dirt up dose to the bottom-boards, thus rotting them. The bees will get under the hives, at times, and many a time valuable queens get under there, merely to get out of sight, and to have the bee-keeper to remove or upset the hive to get at them. I have something in mind that will beat anything put out for a hive-stand, but I don't care to tell just what it is until I have tried it. Part of the idea is obtained from somebody else, but I think it will work. Cass Co., Nebr. The Alsike Clover L,eaflet consists^of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal oflico for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 20 cents ; 100 for 35 cents ; or 200 for Every Present Sutoscriber of the Bee Journal should bo an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer on page 234. isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 229 Proceedings of the Colorado State Bee-Keep- ers' Coaveution. REPORTED Br F. L. THOMPSON. {.Continued from page 215.] COLORADO BEE AND HONEY STATISTICS. The Secretary then read statistics of bee-culture in Col- orado for 1896 by counties, so f:ir as reports had been sent in. Twelve counties where bees may be kept have not been heard from. The number of colonies in the 13 counties which have reported is 35,306, which is not more than half the total number in the State. The average value of a colony is $3.36, and the average per cent, of increase about 20. The average yield last season was about 32K pounds in 13 counties, with an average price of about 10 cents. The fol- lowing is the average yield by counties : Otero, 60 pounds; Montezuma, 10-i comb, 201>.2 ex- tracted; Chaffee, 10; Fremont, almost none ; Montrose, 40; Morgan, 20 ; Pueblo, 20 ; Larimer, 5 ; Huerfano, 6 ; Arapa- hoe, 15 ; Mesa, 40 ; Boulder, 15 ; Weld, 15 ; Las Animas, 30. Foul Brood, so far as reported by the persons to whom questions were addrest, exists in Otero, Montezuma, Arapa- hoe, Mesa, Boulder, Larimer and Weld counties, and paralysis in Arapahoe county. Chaffee, Fremont, Montrose, Morgan, Pueblo, Huerfano and Las Animas counties are free from foul brood. The local associations, so far as heard from, are as follows : Montrose Co., E D. Nichols, Sec, Montrose ; Arapahoe Co., the Platte Valley Bee-Keepers' Association, Geo. R. Lee, Sec, Brighton; and the Denver Bee-Keepers' Association, F. L. Thompson, Sec, Denver ; Mesa Co., M. A. Gill, Sec, Grand Junction ; Boulder Co., A. M. Preston, Sec, Longmont ; Weld Co., H. E. English, Sec, Greeley. Mr. Adams — I have six copies of the Honey Day edition of the Longmont Times, which contains valuable statistics on Colorado bee-keeping. Mr. Rhodes suggested that these be given to the Secretary to be placed on file. Vice-Pres. Porter spoke as follows on THE NEW BEE-DISEASE. Last April the bees were all right. The winter had been mild. By the end of April there was something curious in their actions, tho'jgh nothing to be certain of. By the mid- dle of May they had decreast. There were not enough to cover the brood. Many colonies became discouraged and swarmed out. You could often see a little handful of bees hanging on a weed, with a queen among them. Sometimes these little swarms would unite, and there would be several queens. So it kept on until the first of June. The loss was very great. No reason or theory that I could think of seemed to cover the situation. I at first thought that as the winter had been very mild, and the bees had flown vary much, it might have been the ordinary spring dwindling of old age ; but the trouble was not universal. It was only around Den- ver, covering a circle with a radius of about 12 miles. I pro- nounce it not a disease ; but I may find out that I was mis- taken. I lost SO per cent, of my own stock. If it was spring dwiadling, the bees would not have swarmed out. VicePres. Porter — It has been my experience in Iowa and Wisconsin that bees do become discouraged from spring dwindling and swarm out. A Member — Was there any honey left in the hives when your bees swarmed out ? Vice-Pres. Porter — Tons of it. H. Rauchfuss— Our bees acted similarly, but they did not swarm out. They also acted differently in dying in front of the hives, so that the dead bees could be seen. Our best colo- nies, with young prolific queens, died first. The queenless ones were hardly affected at all. Colonies with little honey also came out well. My theory is as follows: A colony in good condition gathers abundance of pollen ; a weak one docs not. There were some heavy fogs last spring, which I believe absorbed poisonous substances from the smelter smoke in the atmosphere, and deposited it on the pollen of the blossoms of the cottonwoods, etc. At one of the smelters in Denver a con- stant spray of water Is kept falling down the smoke-stack, in order to render the smoke less deleterious. That shows that moisture will absord the poison. The disease was only along valleys, where fogs are apt to settle. We lost 300 out of 400 colonies. Mr. McLain — We at Fort Collins have had the same con- dition of bees Mr. Rauchfuss described, from spraying. The explanation is ultimately the same — the bees died from pois- oning. A neighbor lost 26 out of 75 colonies from spraying, and the rest were decimated. My colonies were weaker in May than in April, and one-third of the queens were missing. A neighbor half a mile away had sprayed his trees, and the next day our bees died. Mr. Rhodes— I sold an apiary 10 or 12 years ago, and was to attend it until it was a success. It was moved to Argo (a smelter). The bees went back just as has been described. I then claimed it was the smelter smoke. That was before the days of spraying, and the bees were otherwise all right. H. Rauchfuss — No spraying was done within four miles of our apiary. I do not say it was the smoke, but what the moisture collected from it. Vice-Pres. Porter — ITive years ago, in Highlands, my bees were poisoned from spraying. I saw them at work on the sprayed trees. They shortly died in the way Mr. Rauchfuss' bees died. I have had nothing similar to that since. The Question-Box was then taken up. The first question (sent from Mesa Co.) was, BEST METHOD OF WINTERING IN ALTITUDES OF COLORADO OF 4,500 FEET. Mrs. Booth — I advise leaving the bees on the summer stand. No more top protection than two thicknesses burlap is necessary. Mr. Rhodes — Mr. Dudley is in about that altitude. Mr. Dudley — The ma.)ority of Utah bee-keepers winter their bees out-of-doors. They usually run the hives together, with leaves or chaff between, and a sawdust bag in the super, with an inch between it and the cover. Some pack separately. Many have double-walled hives, packt the year round. Vice-Pres. Porter — I am of the opinion that in that alti- tude and temperature the least expensive way would be to pack on top. Two sacks doubled, making four thickness, keep off the cold and let out the moisture, and make a very complete condition. I have always had good success with this plan. My only trouble was with tight-fitting covers and a propolized cloth. The combs became moist all over. The bees became moist and sweated, and dwindled. Mr. McLain — The best packing is to pack full of bees. I bought bees in cracker-boxes, with big cracks in them. They were the best and strongest colonies I ever had. If the colo- nies are weak, then I should advise packing. H. Rauchfuss — I think bees ought to be packt. Mrs. Booth packs on top only, but her location is sheltered. In box-hives, the combs may be built crosswise, and the bees may winter well. But on frames, the outside bees get chilled. After a cold spell, the bees bring out a handful of dead ones. This is repeated every time theweathr-r is cold. We have some packt in cork-dust. The bees in these hives do not get chilled, and the colonies come out strong in the spring, unless they dwindle for other reasons. Mr. McLain — I do not pack with bees only, but pack with leaves on top and straw between in rows, with the fronts open. But my strong colonies come out the best. Mr. Adams — I usually pack. My best colonies are packt in chaff all around. Mrs. Booth — I had 6 colonies packt together in straw some years ago, but the mice got in and ate them all up. BEST METHOD OF KEEPING CO.MB HONEY FROM GRANULATING. Mr. Adams — Shove it on the market as quickly as possible. Mr. Sylvester— Have thoroughly cured honey, gathered from the best honey-plants, and keep it in a warm place through the winter. Once I heated some extracted honey so as not to iD.iure the flavor, and stored it In .lugs sealed with rosin. By mistake, one jug was leftover, and remained liquid five or six years. Mr. Booth — Mrs. Booth stored some extracted honey in crocks. When it granulated, the crocks were burst by the expansion. Mr. Rhodes — Some honey will not granulate. Vice-Pres. Porter — I have never found any honey that will not granulate. 230 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 15, Mr. Rhodes — What I mean is, some honey granulated and soiae did not, when kept a year in ordinary conditions. Mr«. Booth — I have kept comb honey over four years without granulating. But in the same case was some that was granulated solid. Mr. Adams — I don't like to cook my comb honey. PREVENTION OF SWAEJIINQ IN WORKING FOR COMB HONEY. H. Rauchfuss then exhibited a device used for that pur- pose. Some time before the flow, two hives are set next each other, and the device applied so as to cover both entrances. One of these hives contains the colony to be operated upon, and the other is empty, containing nothing but frames and starters. The effect of the device is to make one entrance common to both hives. The returning bees fly into an aper- ture, about one inch high and eight inches broad, and from this could go into either hive at will, were it not for a tongue, which, being pivoted at the rear of the device just between the two hives, determines into which hive the bees shall enter, by being turned one way or the other. Before the flow, the •tongue is turned so as to cover up the passage into the empty hive, and the bees became accustomed to entering their own hive through the device. When the flow begins, the comb on which the queen is, is found and placed in the empty hive, on the side next to the hive In which the bees are, and the tongue of the device is turned so as to cover up the passage into the full hive, except that It leaves room for one or two bees at a time to got out. At the same time a super is put on the empty hive. There they find their queen, and commence work, building comb above and below at exactly the same time. Apparently the new state of things just suits them. After three or four days, or after the queen has commenced to lay in the new combs, the old comb Is returned to the old hive. The principle is, to prevent swarming by forming an artificial swarm out of the whole colony, and part of this work is done automatically. They will not swarm for three weeks. At the end of that time, if the flow continues, the operation may be repeated. This device was made before the Langdon device was, and has been on trial since 1893, being at first used like the Langdon device, to which it proved superior. In 1895 it was used as above described, and was a perfect suc- cess in every way. With It comb honey was produced in an out-apiary which was not seen for Intervals of 11 to 12 days. It is not patented. Mr. Dudley was askt to explain a device ho had with him, for automatically preventing the escape of a queen with a swarm— but which lets her out and In at other times. It may be roughly described as a little box, about 2}.^ inches square, and as long as the width of the hive. It Is applied to the en- trance. Cleats under each end raise it a bee-space above the alighting-board, and a cleat running lengthwise under the rear of the box stops entrance directly into the hive. The bees pass in and out of the hive, through the box, about the middle of the bottom. Tne bottom of the box is beveled at the rear, so as to afi'ord a passage into the hive when the box is shoved tight against the front of the hive. Under ordinary circumstances, both workers and queen pass in and out of the hive in this way without any zinc to bother them. The front of the box is composed of a piece of queen-excluding zinc, hung so as to swing a little. When the colony swarms, there are too many bees wanting to come out at once to pass through the slit, and so most of the mass presses against the zinc In front. This pressure operates a catch, which lets a piece of T-tin drop, which closes the slit the whole length. The work- ers eventually pass out through the zinc; but the queen, being generally with the last half of the swarm, is imprisoned, and the swarm returns after an Interval. When the bee- keeper makes his tour of inspection, he sees by the position of the projecting end of the T-tin that that colony has swarmed. He can then do as he pleases with it. This device has been used with success on a few colonies. It is not pat- ented. COMBS V.S. EXTRACTED HONEY FOR PROFIT. H. Rauchfuss— There is a valuable article on that subject by our President, Mr. Aikin, which covers the whole field, In the Jan. 14 issue of the American Bee Journal. It is the best article I ever road on that subject. HOW TO KEEP THE MOTH OUT OF EXTRACTING COMBS— HOW TO KEEP THE MOTH FROM IJISTURBING UKES AGAIN — WILL SULPHURED COMBS BE ACCEPTABLE TO THE BEES ? Mr. McLaIn — I have sulphured combs a good many times, and never had any trouble about the combs being acceptable to the bees. I don't think there is any, unless the sulphur Is very strong. Vice-Pres. Porter — Mr. Alkln has a large number of combs exposed In his honey-house, with no sign of moths. He uses broad end-bars, so that the combs do not touch each other. This year I stored my combs close together, and reared a great many moths. I piled them so as to leave intervals be- tween, in a 12x12 plastered room, set four sulphur candles going, and killed all the moths. Those sulphur candles are the best thing out. Sulphured combs are acceptable to the bees. F. Rauchfuss — Do you mean that closed-end frames are exempt from the moth ? Vice-Pres. Porter — I only know of that one illustration. P. Rauchfuss — Our closed-end frames are not much more exempt from the moth than the others. Vice-Pres. Porter — Are there two species of moth, one eating wax and the other pollen ? P. Rauchfuss — The only species I have seen here feeds on pollen only, and destroys comb to get to it. But Eastern writers say they feed on wax in section honey also. Mr. Rhodes — My experience is that the moths here are the same as the moths in Indiana. I judge that we have a moth which destroys combs the same as In Indiana. WHICH 18 THE PROPER WAY' TO LIQUEFY EXTRACTED HONEY ? Vice-Pres. Porter — The safest way is to place the vessel in boiling water. But this requires a great deal of caution in liquefying large quantities. In liquefying honey in glass, on a small scale, I now use an asbestos mat. The glass Is set on the mat on the back of the stove, next the stove-pipe, and turned occasionally. When a large can is liquefied in boiling water, the outside melts first and gets too hot, while the in- side Is cold. A good way is first to set the can on its side over the stove, tilting it so as not to come in close contact, and thus melt one side enough to make a channel of melted honey from the bottom to the top, repeating the process with the other sides, and then setting on an asbestos mat next the stove-pipe. Never set the bottom of the can on the stove. I have burst a good many cans by melting the bottom of the honey first. The top cannot move, and acts like a cork. Mr. Rhodes — How about liquefying by sunshine ? Mr. Rauchfuss — In summer, it can be done in the open air, by setting the vessel in a sheltered place. Vice-Pres. Porter — I have liquefied a good deal that way. but don't leave a vessel too long in the sun-extractor. The honey will turn dark. The trouble with the sun-extractor for liquefying is, the summer is not the right time to attend to that work. In my experience a sun-extractor cannot be used after the first of September. Resolutions by Mr. Booth, thanking the Board of Horti- culture, Mrs. Shute and ex Gov. Routt for the free use of the room and courtesies extended, and city press for notice taken in reporting the proceedings, were adopted. The Association adjourned subject to the call of the Ex- ecutive Committee. Frank Rauchfuss, Sec. CONDUCTED BY DR. O. O. MII^T^ER, M^RJSA'GO, ZLI.. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direot.l Affected by Bee-Slings— Cleaning Propoii§ OfTtlio llantls. 1. I have kept bees for 10 years, and I have always hand- led them without gloves; they have stung me on my hands so I have got my whole system poisoned. I have never taken any notice of bee-stings before, but now when a bee stings me on one of uiy fingers it is like electricity— it goes through my whole body, and my face swells up as if I had the erysipelas. I Itch all over all the time. What can be done for mo ? 2. I saw in the Bee Journal sometime since (but I can't find it now) a remedy to wash propolis off the hands. Surely you can tell me of something that will wash It off, for I have found no soap that will do it. G. S., Utah. Answers. — 1. Yours Is a very unusual case, and I don't know that I can suggest anything to help. Evidently there i 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 231 has been a chanRe in your system, and the hope may be in- dulged that it may be only temporary, and that you will before long change back to your former condition. 2. Washing-fluid is perhaps the thing you have seen rec- ommended. Strong soap with very hot water will do pretty good work. Put as much lye as can be used without eating the hands, Into hot water, and that will succeed. I generally use grease because it's handier. Take a bit of butter or other grease, rub thoroughly on the glue, then wash with soap and hot water. Starting willi Bees— Prevention of Swarming. 1. I have never owned a bee in my life, but like honey. I expect to get a start of bees this spring, and have chosen the Italians, and thought one colony would be enough for a green- horn to start with ; but they tell me here that one colony will not do any good alone. It is news to me, but perhaps it is all right. I am taking the Bee Journal, and reading It quite closely, as I don't want to make a failure of the business, but I have not seen anything on that subject. I supposed indi- vidual colonies of bees were independent of each other. What is your opinion on the subject ? Is it necessary to have two or more colonies to begin with? 2. Is there any way to successfully prevent bees from swarming ? H. J. W. Answers. — 1. You're surely doing a bright thing to read up before commencing the actual work with bees, but why don't you get a good text-book ? The American Bee Journal is worth more than its cost to you, but it cannot, in the nature of things, give you a complete and systematic foundation as a text-book can. Perhaps, however, you have the text-book, and I'll proceed to your question. You perhaps reasoned that if 20 cattle would do well in a pasture, 19 might do as well or better. If so, you reasoned correctly. If two colonies of bees will do well, one ought in all cases to do as well, and if pasturage Is scarce one might do better than two. Don't you believe what they say. And yet I think they're right in advis- ing you to start with two colonies. A greenhorn like you may do some fool thing with one of the colonies to result in killing it, and then you'll have the other to fall back on. Or you may weaken both, so that singly they will amount to nothing the whole season, but by uniting you can make one good, strong colony. Suppose, however, that you're wiser than the rest of us were when we began, and make no mistakes. It may still be better to have the two. You'll have twice the experience at the end of the season, and possibly you may want to make an artificial colony from the two, that you could hardly do from one alone without weakening it too much. There may be other reasons, but you now have prob- ably enough. 2. Now look here. If you're going to ask such hard ques- tions before ever owning a bee, what will you be when you come to have two or more colonies ? Well, if you want to make a dead sure thing that a colony will not swarm, kill It with brimstone or blow it up with dynamite. Anything short of that may fail. All joking aside, one of the most difficult things to accomplish is to succeed in preventing swarming without interfering with a crop of comb honey. With ex- tracted honey it's easier. Give abundance of room, let the entrance be ample for ventilation, keep the hive shaded, and you may not be troubled much with swarming. Dadant & Son don't have more than one colony in 20 swarm, and they attribute it mainly to their large hives, holding the equivalent of more than 12 Langstroth frames. They work for ex- tracted honey, but they think the result would not be very different with comb honey. All that can be done here is to give you the general causes to which swarming is attributed. Small quarters, too much beat, and an old queen. Avoid these, and you will have done something to prevent swarming. Queen and tbe Sex of Fgg§- Honey. -Storage Room for 1. How does the queen determine the sex of her eggs ? " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee,"in paragraph l-l-l, says : " It is possible that the width of cells and position of her legs when laying in drone-cells," for drones. In paragraph 14'.' : "The pleasant sensation causes preference for worker-cells, sex seemingly determined by size of cells." In paragraph 150: "It seems to be due to fatigue," and that sensation, position of legs, and size of cells don't work. 4x6 inch pamphlet. Mr. G. Johnson, of Clark Co., Wis., wrote us March 29 : "I would not try to keep bees without the American Bee Journal. Give it to the fraud commission merchants strong. Hit them straight from the shoulder. Success to the 'Old Reliable.'" Mi.s8 Mathilda Candlkr, of Grant Co., Wis., called at this office a week or two ago. She has been In Chicago all winter, pursuing a course of study, and will now return to her bees again. She has some 00 colonies, and has made quite a success of it for a number of years. Mr. Geo. R. McCartney, the inventor of a combined sec- tion-press and foundation-fastener, advertises the same in another column this week. Read what ho says, and send to him for a circular giving full description of the machine. You will be interested in it, and he will be glad to sell it to you. Mrs. L. C. Axtell, of Warren Co., III., besides being an expert bee-keeper, also keeps poultry. In a letter she wrote thus wisely : " Poultry seems like little business to some, I suppose, but as a side-issue it pays well. It is only as we look after and care for the littles that we can get ahead much." Mrs. Desdemonia Smith, of Canyon Co., Idaho, wrote us as follows when renewing her subscription : "I prize the Bee Journal, and when it comes I devour with avidity the different articles. I especially enjoy Doolit- tle's and the Dadant's contributions. 1 am an amateur bee- keeper, and have had some experience that I may write up and send to the Bee Journal in the near future." Mr. F. a. Snell, of Carroll Co., III., wrote us as follows, April 3 : Friend York : — You are doing a good work for bee-keep- ers. You make it hot for the frauds, and merit the favors of all apiarists." Yes, sir, we mean to be death to frauds that are trying to swindle bee-keepers. Just put that down. We invite all our readers to help clean them out. Mr H. E. Hill, of Brevard Co., Fla., has kindly sent us two neat little sample sections of honey, %% inches square, gathered from pennyroyal. In the letter accompanying the honey he writes : "I send you a taste of pennyroyal honey and -sample of the bloom. I would like to know how, in your opinion, it com- pares with California sage. Pennyroyal blooms here from December until March, and I think the quality is in every respect first-class." The honey came all right, ami we wish to thank Mr. Hill for his kindness. The color is almost the same as white clover or basswood honey of the North, but the flavor — well, it tastes fine as a medicine. We should say that the sage honey is superior — at least, we could better eat it regularly than the pennyroyal honey. But doubtless we could soon learn to like the Florida specimen all right. Mr. Samuel Cornaby, of Utah Co., Utah., when sending a new subscriber's name to the Bee Journal lately, wrote : "lam sending this order and furnishing my own sta- tionery and stamp purely for the good of apiculture and the Bee Journal." We want to thank Mr. Cornaby for his kindness, and his appreciation of the Bee Journal. We like such a testimony. It makes us feel like pushing on, and doing still more for the good of bee-keeping, if we possibly can. But suppose ci'crj/ present subscriber should, during the next month, Imitate Mr. Cornaby's example. Our list would just be doubled, and then — well. It wouldn't be long until you'd see such an Improve- ment in the old American Bee Journal that you wouldn't know it. You give it twice the number of subscribers it now has, and we'll guarantee you'll get just about twice as good a paper for your money. We are ready to do our part as soon as we have the paid list to wiirrant the extra expense neces- sary to put the Bee Journal up to the mark we have long had in mind for it. Our plans so far exceed our capital, that until the latter is increast the former must simply wait. This is a good time to work for new subscribers. 234 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 15, /♦> /IS /IS /IS k /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS /IS The Funniest Book of the Century "SAMANTHA AT SARATOGA; or RACIN' AFTER FASHION." By JOSIAH ALLEN'S WIFE. Illustrated with Over 60 Drawings by F. Opper, the Greatest Comic Artist in New York. Over 100,000 copies of the agents' edition in expensive binding were sold at $2.50 each. This premium edition contains 374 pages, and gives all the reading matter and all the illustrations the same as the copies which sold at §2.50 each. Over 200,000 copies of the premium edition have already been sold. THERE IS A BUSHEL OF FUN IN EVERY CHAPTER. Its Pictures are Just Killing ' I would tear a man lira' from lim' il I see him a tryin' to flirt with you." This book was written under tlie inspiration of a summer season 'mid the world of fashion at Saratoga, the proudest pleasure resort of America. The book takes off Follies, Flirtations, Low-necked Dressing, Dudes, Pug-dogs, Tobogganing, and all the extremes of fashionable dissipation, in the author's inimitable and mirth-provoking style. Children and grown-up people alike read with rap- turous delight the story of Samantha's "tower" to Saratoga, accompanied by her " wayward pardner," Josiah Alien. It is written in a vein of strong common sense, as pur:^ and innocent as the prattle of a child, which keeps the reader constantly enjoying an ever fresh feast of fun. t2^ t^ t^ t^ K^ r^ t2^ tj^ i£^ t^ tj^ 1^ t^ t£^ t^ t^ t^ t2^ t^ t^ t^ f^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ 1^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ t^ tS^ t^ t^ t^ f^ t^ f^ f^ r in Exchange for Foundation— Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax 'TJi'^t^ A Specialty. ^^ Write for Catalog and Price-List, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Al (JISXA, WIS. BEE - KEEPERS, PRICES CUT On ForXDATlON COMB to introduce Forrest I\'ew iMelhod of Slieeting Wax by Automatic Ulacliiiiery. Write for descrintlve Circular Price-List and Samples. N. B. FOHKEHT, loAtt AUBURN, N. r. Tested Italian Qneens ?? ^51: ;:?"irrn mall. Tested Qu' eiis were reared late last fall. 1 mabp Queen-rearing a ^oeclalty. DAMIKL WX'KTH, ISAtr Falmouth. Kush Co., Ind, Aenaan the Aynerican Bee Joumai. Qet;)eral Iterrjs^ Did Fairly Well. My bees did fairly well in INKi. yielding 430 pounds of section boney from six colo- nies. ROI.LIN S. FiLLMOKE, M. D. Marshall Co.. Kans., April 3. Bees in Good Condition. I took my bees out of the cellar today, and they had a fine flight. All are in good condition except one colony. They have considerable sealed brood and larva-. H. Steixfort. Jefferson Co., Wis., March 2!i. Getting Bees to Work on Heal. Some correspondent asks what will draw bees to work on meal for bee-bread or pol- len in the spring before blossoms appear. I have kept bees 25 years, and I never failed to get the bees on it within 15 minutes, if a few drops of essence of anise are sprink- led near it. C. Hopgicins. Cheshire Co.. N. H. All in Pretty Good Condition. The average yield per colony was about 100 pounds of honey last year, in this neigh- borhood. I wintered about 60 colonies on the summer stands, which are all alive and in pretty good condition. I am very well pleased with the " Old Reliable." LORENZ SeIBERLICH. Ozaukee Co., Wis., March 30. Trying Year on Bees. 1 have IT colonies of bees — 16 in No. 1 condition. The past year was a trying one on bees. I fed 400 pounds of sugar during the fall, winter, and spring, while my neighbors just let their bees go. I need the American Bee Journal in my business. There are good propects for honey this year. A. R. Yandell. Scott Co., Ark., March 28. Bees Breeding Up Fast. The past winter was a hard one on bees in this part of the State. I have heard of a great many bees near me that starved and froze to death, tho my loss is very small. The prospects for a honey crop are good. The bees are breeding up as fast as I ever knew them at this time of the year. They have been gathering pollen from the elm and maple for some time. Jacob Fbam.e. Braxton Co.. W. Va., April 1. • Spring in All Its Glory. I made a success in changing my bees last week from box-hives to movable-frame hives. March has been our winter month here, but spring has opened now in all its glory. The fruit trees are beginning to bloom, and the wild flowers. The bees are doing finely on their foundation. This is my fnrst experience in the bee business, ex- cept cutting several bee-trees. I have a good many to cut this spring. W. A. Pellew. Nevada Co., C'al.. April 1. Expects a Good Year. Bees came through the winter outdoors without loss. All are strong, and lots of young bees taking their first flight every fine, sunshiny day. They workt on maple blossoms before the last freeze, which killed most of the blossoms. You no doubt know that the maple trees do not all bloom at the same time— some of them are just in JVl mi you need constantly on baud a safe, sure and effectual remedy for the ordinary ills of life; one which will meet the require- ments of all emergency cases and work a permanent cure. Qyiox\Mii,n hasdOTiG tbJs for many 3'ears on fotur continents, 'CURES.... Bright's Disease, Urinary Troubles, Female Complaints, General Debility, rialaria, and all diseases Qriatng from disordered liidnaxs and Liver, Ever ready to hand. Large bottle or new style smaller bottle at your nearest store. Be honest vrith your- self and try a bottle. • '^ a ^ "^ o2 CL ,J2 5 ;rv: c. TJ CC-3 o D^ i_ — f^So '^^ S2 2.2. 2 SLc -a >< ^ ■c r O ■n H X H o W o CD w CD ^CD 236 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 15. TRUE FENC£ ECONOMY. ...,.„.-,,,,,,,,,. I. ini',' a li Ti... tliat will 1:1st; oii.> « Ijmt caniiul be blown down; lih.> tlint caimut . bum up, aiKl which will turn all kintlR or « stock, from thesinallfst pig: to theloriti'st bull . "1- horse. .Such a fence la the KEYSTONK Z 5'"KNC'K. More about it in our FKr.K l)( ok on ^ f«Mice building;: T KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., • No. .i UusI, SI,. PEORIA. ILL. • 4- Money Saved is Money Gained. -S- THE ROYAL UlMOJf Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents Wanted. RIfi MONEY IN POULTRY llPet Stock iind Iiicutxitnrs if conducted iVcordiiin to "The Chautauqua ] Guide to Big Profits" ju^i outand I Bent postpaid with our lt>97 Catalogue for4c to help pay postage, etc. Besteygs and stock cost no more if purchased of UB, you can then sell your product to „_" and thnusands others for hifih fajicy prices. ^We own 300 acres most elecantly adapted to "poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY &. PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y 7 A 1 3 Mention the Americaii Bee Journal, Our '97 Catalosr — OF — Apiarian Supplies, Beos, Etc. Is yours for the asking. it Is full of information. }^0~ Write for it. I. J. STRIIVGIIA9I, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. 7, Apiary— Glen Cove, L. 1. QUEENS SmokerejSectionB , Comb Foundation, Aod all Aplnimn Sii))plieB ffaeap. Henrt for l-KEE atulogue. K. T. t'LANAUAN. Belleville, ill. i;iA13t Please mentlou the Bee Journal. Onr Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE with DovKTAii.Ei) Body and Supeks espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog aud Price-Li-it. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Bo.\I«7. .Sheboyoan. Wi?. a m , ^ ■~ -" ' ■■ "~-n 1 ' "^ ■ "^ ■^ ' ■ — - ~ — ■^ ' - - - ■ "^ -, ■ i: r=:- ■ — *. — - s ^ i uj: — 'StI tf fe ^ =^ w b«w ^ssS ^ ris- a 850 Rods— 5 Years— No Repairs. 'lMi;it is t he I'UKO foncc ('.xporietice of a [ininiiin-nt liiiMl (iwntT III MichluJin. and its t hi! real sccii't cif our success wit h ail classes. When tin individual (ir H ('ofiip;iny ;nlniji i he I'airc. IL settles the leiicu (jueslHiM Willi liieiii tin- at least one Keiieruilou. Why lint Invest iKale' Send l . MeNTIOH TWS iCOftMW, IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., EorhlB , Bee-Keeper s Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. .11 years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- ;cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., ChicaRo. ^^^^^ EXCELSIOR Incubator SimpU. Perfrct, Self- Regulat- ing. Thousands Id successful operation. Ltiwcttt prlerd OrBt'CliixH Hatchc-r ninde. <;t:o. II. sTAiiL. tt4 toTgg W. 6lli ^*t, Qiilncy.lll. 44A26t Mentio7i the American Bee Joumol* TO REDUGE STOCK ! 5 per cent. Off t)u all Kinds of Supplies TILL APRIL IStli. tST" Orders amounting to $.") or more will be delivered f. o. b. c:ii-s Springfield. Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. lOAiat Mention the Am. Bee Journal. I6y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 237 repeated, so that when the honey season opened last year I had only some ;;0 colo- nies to begin the season with, and many of these so weak that they did not swarm early, and some not at all. However. 1 took some 1,400 pounds of ex- tracted and 200 pounds of comb honey, and increast to 47. Buckwheat yielded well last fall, and they went into winter quarters in very good condition, and 1 am encouraged now to find that they have all past the winter safely, and seem strong enough to run the gauntlet of even a cold spring, which we may possibly have. Last season was an exceptionally good one, and those who had their bees in good condition in the spring reapt an abundant harvest. Mr. Samuel Rinsey, some 10 miles from here, commenced the season with 8 colo- nies, took 1,000 pounds of honey, and in- creast to 46. Who can beat this ? I use a !t',x4',j inch frame, inside meas- urement, and from all I have read on the subject I believe it to be as near the right size for all purposes as can be devised. I have queen-excluders and bee-escapes, but avoid the use of them as much as possible. By using full sheets of foundation in the sections I can get on nicely without ex- cluders, and by extracting late in the day, and having some help so as to do the work quickly, I need no bee-escapes. Last season I got some help and ex- tracted after 6 o'clock, and we just had a nice time — very little bother with the bees in the extracting-room, and all quiet the next morning, and my neighbors undis- turbed. Dummies — I have tried these, and gave them up for a bad job. Firstly, the bees, after being in a day, thinking the quarters too small, got up and left. I, however, cap- tured them and returned them to the hive, but the next day they cleared out again, and were again captured, but before return- ing them I took out the dummies, and they went to work all right. I tried it with another swarm with better success in that respect, but they staid just 14 days, left the hive nearly full of drone- comb, and just 24 queen-cells. I had sec- tion boxes on both these swarms, with queen-excluders, so that they had room enough, but did not like to be so hampered in the brood-nest, and left. I like bee-work very much, and I am hop- ing for a good season again. I also like the American Bee Journal very much, but just hate to send my money to be spent amongst a people that are doing their level best to bar us out of any business dealings with them. A. Boomer. Ontario, Canada, March 23. [Well, Mr. Boomer, we couldn't help smiling at your seemingly trying to think that the American Ree Journal is to blame for the action of our Government. Why. bless you, n-e don't make the laws of this country. But we are sure that if we could have that privilege we'd make a few that would help to clean up the country morally, any way; and then the financial improve- ments would follow naturally enough. But don't you ever let this big country's actions, in any line, cause you to deprive yourself of the weekly visits of the old American Bee Journal. We can't have too many "Boomers" of the right kind to boom on our list of readers. — Editor.] Honey Crops and Drouths. The matter of a honey crop is one of no little perplexity. Sometimes it seems hard to tell why bees gather no honey. There seems to be an abundance of flowers, the weather seems favorable, and everything seems propitious, and yet the bees gather no stores. In Michigan there were several years of great honey-drouth, which indeed, I believe, was true of most of the Eastern States during the same year. In those Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing tlio best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. Thoy have also one One of the L,arg;est Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the Clearest and 'whitest BasS'WOod is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention tlie Ameiicau Bee .Tournal. 7Atf That Queen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Charm. The Monette Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees. Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr. Couldn't Do Without It. I have clipped IS queens, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device is by tar the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to manj' bee-keepers as It was to me, 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us inst one iwm name for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. BEE-KEEPEES we make The Very Finest Line of nTTT^T^T TTilCI in the Market, and sell VI P M I J I P iS them at Low Prices. kJ U JL J_ J. JXJJkJ Send Tor Free Iliiisirated Catalog and Price-I..i§t. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Ag^iit for the Southwest-^- ^- ^^^^^oseph, mo. inr. Abbott sells our Hives and Scetlons at Factory Prices. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7 K cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans ("2 cases) or more, 6J^ cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass-wood Flavor Honey at same price ; also in 270-lb. barrels. 1^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 238 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,. Ajtr. 15, " Queens Given Away." f Gray Carniolaiis and Golflen Italians,! We will give ;i fine Tested Queen (either race) to all customers orderlnc (> Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Queen to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers in August. OraIlTe Prlce-lilst Free. F. A. Lockhart & Co , lake^george. 13Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. " ONE MAN WITH THE UNION COM|,NAT.ON Can do the work of four men using band tools, In Ripping. Cuttlng-ofl, Mi- tring, Kabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sold on Trial. Oalalogae Free. SENE^iA FALLS ITIFG. CO., 46 Water Si SENEGA FALLS. N. 7. lAly Alenttu.. the Amtrimn Bee Jouma!, JUST ARRIVED! My second carload of Goods from The A. I. Root Co. has arrived, and I am in shape to fill ail orders promptly at their catalog prices. Send for mv 30 page catalog ; also list of Goods you will need, and I will make you spe- cial prices on early orders. 9D9t FREMONT, miCH. Mentiryn the American Bee Jouma, ^^^s^^^ SAUMENIG! Made on the best lines, of the J lie>t material known to the art. * HEATS WITH HOT WATER i Entirely antomotic; will hiit(.'h < every ei_'t,' that can be hatcheil.^ ■ Simple, durable. effective. St'iKi 3 . olumitH Tur iihislraled cutnlug Nu. 59* THE INVINCIBLE HATCHER CO., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. 13D5t Please mention the Bee Journil. WANTED— ATTENTION QBE HERE, Filend Bee-Keeper, the best O goods are none too good, and the lo^vest prices are none too low lor the present times, so down go the prices for 1897 on Full l,lne of Ree.KeeperH' Supplies. 1 defy competition in ijuality and workman- ship. Worklua Wax into Foundation when sent to me. a specialty. Write, without fail, for Catalog. My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at 2t>c cash, or 29c in trade, de- livered. Atignst Weiss, Hortonville, Wis, 6 Al Mention the American Bee Joumat, f Early Italian Queens? Up till tlic middle of Aiirll at these prices: Untested, 7oo. ; Tested, $1.25. E. Ij. CARRINKTON, 6A17t De Funlak SprlngB, Fla. UeniUm th£ .Arii,tTU>am Bee Jfoiwn,ei, BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-lnch " Smoke Engine." Is it too largo? Will it last too long V Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BIN JOLLEY. Venango Co., Pa., March 30. g^^^^V^^^^^ft^^^MM^^^* ^ttf RUMELY , V.v M-as.jut "THE NEW RUWELY" which is the cU- < Vioasoi 44 year's eAiiyrnjiice ia engine building.^ ^mr.ny others, IT IS STROfia-SIMPLE-OURABlE 1 >AND EASILY OPERftTEO. Hat thoroi2moretoJt-< > azploined in detail in our new catalogue — FREE, i > !^. RUMELY CO., LAPORTE, IND, Msiition the American isee joutiul^. Our Specialties WHITE POPUR SEmO\,S* erforated Drone and neen Excluder Zinc- OurSectionB aretheflnest.andour Perforated Zinc is the only perfect and fully reliable now made. It costs more, but is worth more, and does not obstruct the passage of worker-bees. The Nonpareil Bee-Hive and all other Apiaiiaii Supplies. Addre-JS for Catalog and prices, ABNOLDi JABEEG & CO , Dr. G. L. Tinker, Manager. 14A4t New Philadelphia, Ohio. MentUm the .Ame^rtcan Bee JounuilK Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! BUY YOlfR Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to the best goods on the market. Send for Price- List. Bawsou & Earner, Centralia, Wash. lOAlSt Mention the Am. Bee Journal. A booklet, handsomely illustra- ted, describing Nebraska, her farms and the opportunities there for young men and farm renters to become farm owners Mailed without charge on application to P. S, BusTis, General Passenger Agent, C, B. & Q. H. R., Chicago. 111. 14A8t Meriitiom. the .American Bee Jourm^^'in Texas Queens f Dr. Gallup says they are the best he has in his yard. J. D. OIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 0A-'6t, kT'S ( Get discounts on early orders for 1807. A. I. Hoot Co. '8 Bee- - - . , Supplies always on h-ind. Bet- ter prepared than ever to till oruers promptly. 36-paffe Catalog free. JOHN NEBEIi & SON. Hierli Hill. Mo. Mentitin the American Bee Journal. 4Atf Convention Notices. 200SI.1I Illinois.— The spring meeting of the Nor- thern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held Tuesday, May 18. at the residence of H W. Lee, at Peoatonlca. 111. All are cordi- ally Invited to atleml. Means of conveyance will bo at the station for the benefit, of those coming on trains. B. Kennedy, Sec. New Mlllord, ill. ronnecttcu*.— The Gth annual meeting of the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Associatlonwill beheld at thecapltolat Hartford. May o, at 10::!0a.m. Let all Interested In bee-culture make an extra effort to be present. Waterbury, Conn. Mils. W. E. Uiley, Sec. See the premium oiler on page 235 ! 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 239 flONEY and BEESWAX MAKKUX @2Tc. stocks are working down, but there Is no Improvement in price. The season for comb honey Is drawing to a close. Any one intend- ing to market in the cities should do so now. Albany, W. Y., Mar. 20.— Fancy white. 12- 13c.; No. 1, 11-12C.; lancy amber, 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark. 7-8c.; No. 1, 6-7c. Extracted, white. .5-6c. ; dark. 3!4-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on band small. Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 20.— Fancy white. 14-loc. ; No. 1 white, 12-13c. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 ■ 14c.; No. 1, 11-120. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; amber, 5-6o. Beeswax. 25o. Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 14i4@l.ic.: No. 1 white. 12H(ai3c. Extracted, white, 6a7c.; amber, 4K@5i4c. Beeswax. 22 ©25c. There is not very much honey in our mar- ket Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair in this line this fall. St. Lotiis, Mo., Feb. 19.— Fancy comb. 12® @13c.; No. 1 white, liaili^c.; amber. 9@ 10J4C.; dark, 7@8^o. Extracted, white. In cans. t)@7c. ; amber. In barrels, 4@4Kc; extra. 5c.; dark. 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax. 23@23Hc. -prime finds ready sale at 23!4c. San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 3. — White comb. 9-lOc ; amber, .o-'c. Extracted, white, o-o^c; light amber, 3>4-4c. : dark tule, 2XC. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-2ec. Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C ; fancy amber. 8-9e.; No. 1, 8c.; lancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white. 5-7c. ; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3i4-4c. Beeswax, 2oc. Season is getting over for com b honey — very little demand. Extracted in good demand. ITew York, N.Y.Apr. 10.— White comb. 10@llc.; amber. 8@9c.; dark, 6c. Ther is a fairly good demand for comb honey yet, and It keeps coming In small lots. Extracted is quiet at unchanged prices. The demand for buckwheat extracted has ceast, and no more sale for it. Beeswax Is quiet at 2G@27c. Cincinnati, Ohio, Avr. 9. — Demand Is Bio* for all kinds of iioney, with a fair sup- ply. Comb honey, 10® 13c. for best grades; extracted. 3^@6c. There is a fair home de- mand for beeswax, with a fair supply, at 22® 2oc. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo., Apr. 10.— No. 1 white, 12®i3c.; fancy amber, ll®12c.: No. I amber, 10®llc.; fancy dark. 9®10c.; No. 1 dark, 8® 9c. Extracted, white. 3@5)4c. : amber, 4® 4V4c. ; dark. 4c. Beeswax, 25c. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.— No. 1 and fancy white comb, ll-12c.; other brands, 7-lOc. Extracted, white. o-6c. ; amber and dark, ♦-5c. Beeswax, 24-25c. Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 20. — Fancy white. ll®12c.; No. 1 white. 10®llc.; fancy amber. 9®10c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9o.; fancy dark. 7@8c. ; No. \ dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 6®7c. ; amber. 5®5Kc. ; dark. 4®5c. Utah white extracted, sasvic. Beeswax, 23® 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than lor some time. Buffalo, N, Y.| Apr. 2.— Our market con- tinues about 10-llc. for fancy honey, ocoa- Bional sales at r2c. Some lots hang fire, but anything that is beyond criticism sells very well. Com on ranges from 8-5o. Extracted, 4^-5^c,, as to quality, etc. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Cbicago, 111*. It. A. BURNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiLDBBTH Bros. & Seoelken. Kansas City, ITIo. 0. C. Clbmoms c& Co., 423 Walnut St. BnSalo, N. ¥. Battkrson & Co., 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, III*. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelpbia, Fa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway, St. I^onls, Mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St niiuneapolif), Minn. S. H. HallcScCo. Mllwaakee, Wl*. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, IQass. E. K. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, micb. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pohder. 162 Massachusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. Mcculloch & Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. McTH & Son, cor. Freeman * Central Avs. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 51b 10B> 251b 508) Alsike Clover 70 $1.25 $3.00 $5 75 Sweet Clover (white). .70 1.20 2.50 4.75 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Tour orders are solicited. GEORGE W. TOBK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. r\ fi 1. Invested In a postal card I 111 A I ^AllT "'" ^^^ ™y '"""^e Cata- IIIIP, I iHIII, logof All KoofsGoods. VUV VVIIIJ Send list of what you want, and get price. m. H. HUNT, Bell Brancb, micb. WHEN ANSWEHING THIS AOVERTISEMEMT. ME.TION THIS JOUKtiH^ PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH Has IVo Nag in Brood-Frame* TIliD Flat-Bottom FoundatioD Bu ho FishboDe in Ibe Sarpliu Booe;. \ ^^H BelDfi the oleanest Is aBoally workeo \ j^H tbe qnlcttest of any Foandatlon made g^^^ J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, ^■■^H Sole ManafaotarerB, ^l^PVV Bpront Brook Moniiiomery Co.. N. T. Mention the ^i^iericayi Dec Jour-nai,, Questioj;)'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Age at Which a Queen Layi*. Query 47.— How long, on the average, after a queen emerges from her cell before she begins to lay ?— Ind. J. A. Green — 10 days. E. France — I don't know, Mrs. L. Harrison — 10 days. Prof. A. J. Cook— 8 or 9 days. Jas. A. Stone — About 10 days. Dr. C. C. Miller— About 10 days. G. M. Doolittle— From 8 to 10 days. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — In about 10 days. W. G. Larrabee — From 1 to 2 weeks. H. D. Cutting — About 7 days is the average. Chas. Dadant & Son — 6 to 10 days, on the average. Eugene Secor — According to the best authorities, in about T days. J. M. Hambaugh — From 9 to 15 days, all conditions being favorable. C H. DIbbern— About 16 days, I be- lieve, Is the rule, but It varies some. R. L. Taylor — About 8 days during the honey season ; at other times, longer. Dr. A. B. Mason — About 8 days, but I have had them put oS the matter for 15 days. Rev. M. Mahin — To give the average is not easy. I would guess about 14 days. P. H. Elwood — Ask the queen-breed- ers. Probably about 10 days, on the average. Emerson T. Abbott — That depends en- tirely on circumstances. I am not able to say what the general average Is. A. F. Brown — 5 to 7 or 8 days. It depends on weather and strength of col- ony. During a honey-dearth, two weeks or more. G. W. Demaree — In my locality. In the honey season proper, the average is about 11 days. But the time varies with the season. In the early spring, and the late autumn, the time is uncer- tain. J. E. Pond — This question was fully answered a few weeks ago. The gen- eral rule is this : About 16 days from egg to queen ; from 2 to 8 or 10 days after the queen leaves the cell before mating ; and eggs found In 6 hours or more after mating. Bad weather may interfere with the marriage flight, but ordinarily the above Is correct. ■J Yellowzones ^ For Pain and Fi'vcr ^ i An bonest, efficient 9 remedy for all Fevers, Headaches, Cold.s, Neu- ralgia, Grip, Rheuma- tism, etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, 01! money refunded. •' It's a rare pic 'Bure to find such a remedy." "Too much cauiiot be aald in praise of them." 1 Box. 25c. ; fi Boxes. $1; most orders are $1. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. loDtf Please mention the Bee Journal. nrr VCCDCDQ 1 Let me send you my 64- DLL'^LL^ Lno 1 page Catalog for 18M7. J. Itl. JenkinSf Wetnmpka, Ala. MenXUm the AmerUxm Bee Journal. 240 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. April lb, 1897. H f^ jm M ^A Copy of LDLL Sncccssfnl Bee-Kecpins, r n ■ ■ by W. Z Hutchinson ; I II kk and our 1897 Catalog-, for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog for llie Aiikins; We make almost ETcryiliiiig used by Bee-Kcepers, and at liowoftt rrloes. OtiR Falcon Polisht Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie be»t— muli an tve make. The American Bee ■ Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages 50 Cents a Year. tAMPLE Free— Address, TBEW.TJALCONERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hives. $-iO for the best 100 Danz. sections •• 2,5 " 25 •• 50 " " 20 •' 20 " 40 •' •• 10 '■ 10 •' 20 " " " 5 " 5 " 10 " ^^' Further particulars regarding the pre- mimums, also special catalog of the Danzen- balier Hive and System, furnisht on applica- tion. Address. Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care The A. I. Koot Compauy. I AEISE rpo SAY to the readers 1 of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITTl^E has conclnded to nell -BKE8 and QUKENS- In their season, during 1897, at ihefoUowlnp prlceB : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in lishtshippinK-box $600 Five Colonies li.'i 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, l ih) 6 " queens 5 50 12 '* *' 10 00 1 leBted Queen... $1 50 S " Queens. 350 1 select tested queen 2 1 u 3 " " OueenB4 00 Select teeted queen, previous season's rearinK 4 o(j KxtrK Selected for breeding, the vert bkht. , 5 on About a pound of BKKH In a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, $2.00 extra. IV Circular free. KlvlDK full particulars reKarcr- InK tbe Bees and each class of Queens. Addrees G. M, DOOLITTLE llA25t 1 BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y. —1 Would Like to See a Hive— That bees win build up In faster in thesprlnif, or that Is better adapted for Comtj or Extrac- ted Honey, or that is easier manipulated than mine. It is Culjical and Sell-Spacing. Pat- ented April 7, |8!)G. Hives and KIghts for Bale. Address. CVKUS C. AL.DRICH, 13A4t Elsinore, Kiverelde Co.. Cai.if. Mention the Ainertcan Bee Journal B Ifi MONEY IN POULTRY |OUR LARGE GUIDE lor 'ertnininK to I'oul- liyinfiill. PRICES REDUCED oil t I'rize Wiiiiii'irt (iinl Kk^h, I'uwti'nid I receipt of 10 cL'iitH, if you wrilo luiw. ^JOHN BAUSCEEB, Jr.. Box U4 Frcepoit, 111. 10a 1 ;ii Af«ntiS7, or thereabout, adver- tised and sold reversible extractors, making use of a sprocket- wheel and chain. Mr. H. Holden, of Port Dover, Out., used this kind of extractor even before that. The sprocket-wheel- and-chain feature, as the Patent Office records show, is an old feature ; and for Van Allen & Williams, or their attorney, to claim that our Cowan is an infrineejuent is a little amusing in view of the printed matter showing that these ideas are very old. A similar arrangement was sent out by a Mr. Squire, in 1884 or 1885, of Santa Barbara, Cal. Reference to this machine is made on page 841 of Gleanings in Bee-Cul- ture for 1889. We have other citations more important yet, but withhold them for the present. With all due respect to the opinion of Attorney Hough, it will be seen that he saw only a cut of our extractors. He ought to know, as well as Van Allen & Williams, that a cut will give a very imperfect idea of the actual principles and workings of a machiue. From the cut it might appear that our extractor was automatic in its reversing; but, as 1 have already pointed out, it is not automatic, and we defy any one to find any of our machines on the market that are automatic. Another point should be noted is this : That attorneys do not usually discourage litigation. It is not their business to do so ; and one will have to make an allowance for an opin- ion that is not altogether ex parte. Viin Allen & Williams state that Mr. Williams sent us a copy of the patent after it had been issued. Such a copy may have been sent, but we do not remember it, nor writing the discouraging letter in regard to building him a machine. The letter, if sent, probably came from our Mr. A. I. Root, who, at that time, was strongly opposed to our building four and six frame machines for the market, as he then believed there was no advantage in them; but "the boys" — Mr. Cal- vert and myself — did not entertain the same opinion, and we constructed a four-frame Cowan In 1891, but we did not advertise the machine until some time later. Mr. Calvert and myself were unaware that Mr. Williams sent a copy of the patent, and so, of course, there was no purpose on our part to copy or steal from another, as implied In the article above. It will be seen from tbo foregoing, by any one knowing anything about patents at all, especially in view of the refer- ences cited, that Van Allen & Williams have no more right to claim the principles of our four-frame Cowan extractor than a six-year-old boy. It is enough to say that, while it is possible for them to begin suit, they have no chance whatever of securing judgment in their favor. Our patrons may rest assured that we shall protect them in the use of the Cowan extractor. The A. I. Root Co. By E. R. Root. Do We Waot Apis Dorsata At All ? BY H. CHRISSMAN. Mr. Editor. — On page 188, Frank Coverdale makes a plea for the introduction of Apis dorsata through the Govern- ment. Speaking of Frank Benton's misdoing, he says : ''This being true would be sufficient to denounce him, and to appoint another more suitable to bee-men." Does not Mr. C. know that bee-men have not a word to say as to the appointment, and that their wishes are not consulted in the matter? If Mr. Benton were removed someone equally objectionable might be in his place. To come, however, to the real gist of the matter, do we want Apis dorsata here at all ? As yet we do not know that they can be domesticated, and we do not know that a single pound of honey could ever be got from them, only as it might be had by bee-hunters in the wild state. Now let me picture what I think Mr. C. will admit lies entirely within the range of possibility : The b'g bee is introduced into this country and flourishes — at least in the Southern states ; makes its home in trees as it does in India, and increases enormously, but defies domesti- cation. It gathers honey not only from red clover but also from white, and from all the flowers now visited by Apis mel- lifica. The bee-keeper is just so much out of pocket by its introduction, for the harvest is made just so much less. Can- not Mr. C. see that they would be as great a nuisance as the English sparrow ? Even suppose they workt on nothing but red clover, monopolizing that. The day may come when our common bees will be bred so large that they can work freely on red clover, and if red clover is already pre-empted by dor- sata, what gain will the red-clover bees bring? Do not say we cannot have Apis mellifica larger than they are in general now. There are common hive-bees in this coun- try now, whose workers are so large that worker-cells are very nearly the size of common drone-cells, with drones large in proportion. If you have the true interests of bee-keepers at heart, don't bring dorsata here till you know you can control it. Erie Co., N. Y. When Shall Secood Supers be Given to Bees ? BY DR. C. C. MILLER. I don't wonder Frank Cole doesn't agree with my practice if he thinks, as he seems to on page 181, that before giving a second super I wait till the first is ?i or % full. But that's very far from my practice, Mr. Cole. I'll tell you what it is, or rather I'll try to tell you as nearly as I can, for I don't by any means always do alike. Even if I preferred to do the same thing each time, it would hardly be practicable with more than one apiary, for being absent a few days will make quite a difference in the progress made in a super. But tho strength of a colony, the amount'Of the honey-flow, and the prospect of its continuance, have something to do in the matter. As a rule, perhaps I might say that the second super is added when the first is about }i filled. But the rule is sub- ject to many exceptions. Here's a colony that's very strong. It seems crowded with bees — super and hive both — honey is coming with a rush, with every prospect that it will continue so, and altho the super isn't a quarter filled, it may get a sec- ond one, for if it doesn't it may be crowded before it is reacht again. Here's another colony that has made poor work, and the season is poor. Its super is more than half full, but at the rate it has been doing, aud at the rate honey is coming in, it can get along even if the super is more than ■}.{ full. Now look again at page 42, and you'll see that I said nothing there to conflict with such practice. The first sen- tence ill that answer to P. O. is incorrect — "would prefer closed-tops, so that the bees could get up through.," I must have relied on the liberality of the compositor to furnish a " not" for that sentence, and I have my opinion of any com- positor so stingy as not to furnish a little word like that, when I furnish all the big words. At any rate, it should read, "so that tho bees could not get up through." I was calling atten- tion to the loss it would bo to have closed-top sections so one would have to wait for the first super to bo finish t so as to take It off and put on the second. I might have said : " When the 189'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 245 first super is half filled it would be a loss of time to wait for It to be filled," but In some cases there would be no loss in wait- ing at least a little while. So to make sure I didn't overstate the thing, I said what I did, and surely you will agree that I said the truth in saying it would be a waste of time to wait after a super is % filled. I am, however, obliged to you for calling attention to it, for others might also misunderstand it. McHenry Co., 111. Report of the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Convention BV JA8. A. STONE, SEC. The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association met in Spring- field Feb. 2i, 1897, for a two days' session. The meeting was called to order by the President, Dr. C. C. Miller, and prayer was offered by George W. York. The Secretary's report was read and adopted as follows : THE secretary's REPORT. At our last annual meeting arrangements were made with the American Bee Journal by which every one becoming a member of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, on payment of Si. 00, was entitled to a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal and a copy of the Second Aunual Report. By this plan our membership was increast a little more than 50 per cent, above 1895, and just 50 per cent, above 1894. The expense in doing this has been beyond the Income, but by the present arrangement with the American Bee Journal we are in hopes that the coming year will not overdraw on the treasury ; and as we said last year, it is more our need to increase our membership than to fill our treasury. Should the Association see proper to send out return pos- tals for reports, as done last year, we have perhaps enough on hand to last a year. Also, we had on hand about 1,000 cir- culars such as were sent out to encourage membership. We believe it is all-important that the present arrange- ment with the American Bee Journal be kept up till some- thing better can be suggested. And with the present condi- tion of the State treasury, we see no use of seeking for help in that direction. We are of the opinion that the greatest good that this meeting can do is to take steps to get a law enacted to pre- vent the adulteration of honey, as we suggested in our notice of this meeting, in the American Bee Journal. Jas. a. Stone, Sec. The Treasurer's report was given by the Secretary, and adopted. Next came a paper by George W. York, of Chicago, entitled, WHAT COMBINED EFFORT IS NEEDED BY BEE-KEEPERS? Now that question is a poser — quite too large a subject for so small a man to handle comfortably or satisfactorily. Also, as to what particular line is meant by ihe query, I can only guess, as I presume that is left for me to suggest. In the first place, I am sure that the first direction in which a great combined effort of beekeepers is needed is along the lino of the prevention of honey-adulteration. As I have several times said, in print and elsewhere, I feel that until the question of adulteration of honey is settled, there can come no satisfactory profit or returns from the apiary. The size of the crop will cut no figure in the price of honey so long as the dishonest and unscrupulous are permitted to con- tinue to multiply whatever the crop by ten, by the addition of glucose or other adulterants. So I feel that, above all, there cannot be too great a com- bined effort among bee-keepers, it they desire that the adul- teration of pure honey shall be stopt by the enactment and enforcement of legal measures. Here is a wide field, take it either by State legislatures, or through the National Con- gress. But there is no question that somcthinrj must be done, and right speedily, or profitable honey-production is forever doomed. Again, it may be that much may be gained by bee-keepers by a combined effort in marketing the honey crop, after we have once secured the necessary auti-adulteratiou laws. But I am not so sanguine of success along the line of a united effort in marketing as I once was. There are some questions whose end can be seen from the beginning. But this one of marketing is not of that kind. The more I think of it and learn about it, the more I am led to believe that it's too pro- digious for me. No doubt there is a better way to profitably market honey than is generally practiced, but what is it ? Is it by the " Ex- change " method ? Perhaps so — and perhaps not. While the city commission plan answered well before large honey crops were produced, I think it will now be admitted that very soon some other way will have to be adopted. For some time the city commission houses have been over- stockt with honey — it has been a drug on the market. And why ? It cannot be that people have stopt eating honey, espe- cially when the price is so low. But is the price .so low — the refaif price — the price which the consumer pays ? No. And therein I believe lies one important reason. The trouble is, the retailers in many cases are almost robbers. For instance, many Chicago retail grocers purchase the best %-pound sec- tions of honey at 12 cents per pound, or less, at the commis- sion houses, and then retail them at 16 to 18 cents each ! That's a profit of about 100 per cent! They will buy a %- pound glass jar of extracted honey for 12 cents and retail it at 18 cents ! A profit of 50 per cent.! Is it any wonder that at these prices but little honey is used by the city public ? The wonder is that nny is sold. I tell you, there must be some other method devised whereby the producer will get a larger share of the retail price, and also that the consumer may be enabled to get honey at a more reasonable figure. And perhaps a combiued effort will be necessary before these two important objects are secured. I might enumerate other lines in which combined efforts are needed — such as securing foul brood laws, protection from fraudulent commission dealers, etc., but perhaps I have suggested enough to start a discussion that may result in something of value even if what I have said is worthless. George W. York. In the discussion that followed Mr. York's paper, all were of the opinion that grocers generally demanded a larger per cent, in handling honey than in the other products of the farm or country. The question was brought up in regard to the "pound" section, and about all the members were in favor of a full- pound section, tho Dr. Miller said, as it was impossible to get all the sections a full pound, that it was not worth while to stand closely by it. Mr. Smith — I sell my honey to the grocers by the section, and those that are light I cut out and sell to my neighbors by the pound, and X can sell all the honey I can get. Mr. Robbins— I think we can come near enough to a pound to average 15 ounces. The President reminded the convention that they were a little off the point of discussion, and referred them to the rec- ommendation in the paper read by Mr. York— that action be taken as to adulteration— whereupon a motion made by Mr. Robbins prevailed, that a committee of three be appointed by the chair, as a LegislativeCommlttee, to secure the enactment of a law to prevent the adulteration of honey in the State of Illinois. The President named as that committee those who lived near the capital— Jas. A. Stone, J. Q. Smith, and Geo. F. Robbins. Mr. York advocated combined effort among bee-keepers, in the way of selling each other's honey. A motion prevailed to adjourn to meet at 1:30 p.m. At 1:30 p.m. the convention was called to order by Pres. Miller, and with unanimous consent it was thought wise for our meeting to join in with the State Farmers' Institute for the afternoon and evening; especially as our President was on their program in the evening. SECOND DAY. At 8:30 a.m. the meeting was called to order with Dr. Miller in the chair, the Secretary opening with prayer. The Secretary then outlined the work needed for the year, recommending that we offer for this year again the American Bee Journal for one year free to all who become members of our Association and pay their fee of §1.00 to the Secretary (to which Editor York kindly agreed) ; and also a copy of the Second Annual Report, which contains illustrations of the honey exhibits at the World's Fair, and a full report of the North American Convention of that year. The Secretary also recommended, for this year again, the 246 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 22, sending out of return postal cards to members of the Associa- tion for their reports of honey, as there were probably enough cards on hand for the year. He thought while it was very nice to have full reports of our meetings in the Hee Journal, still this was a drawback to our meetings being attended, as many would thinif they could stay at home and still have the report of the proceedings. This is all well enough if they are willing to have no part in shaping that which may result in the greatest good. A motion prevailed that we proceed to the election of officers for the ensuing year, which resulted as follows: President— Dr. C. C. Miller; Vice-Presidents— 1st, J. Q. Smith; 2nd, S. N. Black; 3rd, Chas. Becker; ■ith, Geo. F. Robbins; and 5th, Jas. A. Green. Secretary — Jas. A. Stone, of Bradfordton ; Treasurer — Chas. Becker. Dr. timer's paper was the next in order, and he accused the Secretary of getting him into that scrape, and the only way the Secretary could get out safely was to fir^t give the law on noxious weeds in Illinois, which he did as follows : NOXIOUS WEEDS TO BE DESTROVKD IN ILLINOIS. "The Commissioners of Highways in their respective towns, and the County Cbmmissioners in counties not under township organization, shall annually at the proper season to prevent the spread of the same, destroy or cause to be de- stroyed all cockle-burrs, Canada thistles, Russian thistles, and all other kinds of thistles, or other noxious weeds, growing brush or plants growing on or upon their respective highways within their jurisdiction." Dr. Miller then gave the following on SHOULD SWEET CLOVER BE CLAST AS A NOXIOUS WEED ? The State of Illinois has laws against Canada thistles along with certain other plants particularly named, and "other noxious weeds." As sweet clover is not specially named, the question arises whether it may fall under the category of " other noxious weeds." What is a noxious weed ? Failing of any statutory definition, we must fall back on the dictionary. Referring to the Standard dictionary, a wted is de6ned : "Any unsightly or troublesome herbaceous plant that is at the same time useless or comparatively so, as a burdock or a dandelion ; especially, such a plant that is positively noxious or injurious to crops ; also, any herbaceous plant out of place, as a poppy fn a wheat-field, or a stalk of wheat in a flower-garden." A'o.j:- ious is defined ; " Causing, or tending to cause injury, espec- ially to health or morals ; hurtful ; pernicious." The term " noxious weed" is evidently somewhat elastic, any plant under certain circumstances being a weed, and capa- ble of being more or le5S noxious. 0;ie of the most useful plants — A'hite clover — may be a weed in a strawberry-bed, and decidedly noxious. But that fact would hardly justify a law forbidding a farmer to allow white clover ou his farm. Any assemblage of intelligent farmers would pronounce such a law absurd, while a law forbidding him to suffer Canada thistles nn his farm under pain of severe penalty would be pro- nounced a righteous thing. If wo can get at the reason for coming down so severely on the thistle, while the white clover goes scot free, perhaps we may be in position to decide as to the proper status of sweet clover. The indictjient upon which the death sentence of Canada thistle is based, may come under three counts : 1. Its uselessness. Domestic stock find white clover a useful food, but not Canada thistle. '2. The difficulty of eradication where once establisht. The effort sullicient for the utter extinction of white clover, will find Canada thistle flourishing luxuriantly the following season. 3. Undoubtedly the most serious count against Canada thistle is the rapidity and certainly with which it spreads to adjoining and even somewhat distant territory by means of seed. A very small patch on one's land can speedily seed acres or miles around him. Tried by these three tests, how does sweet clo'ver stand ? First as to uselessness. In some places, at least, it is consid- ered a valuable forage crop, and its use is on the increase as green or dry forage. Its long and deep roots, after rotting, leave the soil in good condition for drainage, and for turning under as green manure it has undisputed value. 2. Is sweet clover dillicult of eradication ? While the thistle continues in perennial vigor year after year, the sweet clover is a biennial, every plant dying root and branch at the close of its second season. To exterminate it utterly it is not necessary to uproot a single plant. >Simply cut down the stalks after they have made as full a growth as possible, but before any chance for maturity of seed, and there is no possible chance of its continuance. As the plant Is l)iennial, this will be necessary for two successive years, where it has been grow ing uninterruptedly. It is just as difficult to kill out as red clover, and no more so. 3. Does sweet clover spread rapidly by means of seed? and does it thus readily get a foothold upon cultivated ground at some distance ? No burrs or wings are attacht to the seed as with some other plants, and the ripened seed falls directly to the ground, carried, if carried at all, after its fall to the ground. Its chief means of spreading is by means of sticking to the wheels of vehicles when the ground is in a muddy con- dition, and in this way it may slowly be spread to some dis- tance. And that's perhaps the only way in which it can spread more than five feet in a season. Not far from my home I can find where sweet clover has been growing for 40 years on the roadside without crossing the fence to encroach on cul- tivated land. Let a patch of sweet clover be growing on one side of the road and it may not cross to the other side for 10 years, altho it will gradually travel farther along the one side. Scarcely a weed that grows will do less at spreading upon cul- tivated land. A charge that may with some propriety be brought against sweet clover is, that it grows so tall and strong as to obstruct travel on the highway. Left to itself throughout the entire season it is decidedly bad in this respect, but an intelligent roadmaster will have no difficulty. Cut it down just before it commences to bloom, and it will not again make so strong a stalk as to be a serious obstruction. Where cattle are allowed free range on the road year after year, they never allow sweet clover to get to any great height. I know a place where for many years sweet clover has been growing on the roadside. Throughout the summer, cows are driven along this road near- ly a mile to and from pasture. Where the cows travel the sweet clover never attains a height of more than one of two feet. Immediately beyond, with no cattle to browse it down, it grows to a height of six or eight feet. Will an intelligent jury decide that sweet clover is a nox- ious weed ? C. C. Miller. Mr. Smith — If sweet clover is cut at the proper time, it can be killed as easily as any other plant that is biennial. There was some cut in my neighborhood that was in bloom, but not seeded, cut very low, and it killed it so successfully that not a particle of it came afterward. Dr. Miller — If it is cut at the proper time, and in the manner for feed, the growth after is not bad, nor in the way in the highways. (concluded next week) CONDUCTED BY »K. O. C. -VfliLBR, laAKKTiGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Tlic Alley Trap for Caloliiiig Queens. Please tell me whether the Alley queen-trap is a success or not in catching queens in swarming-time ? or do you know of any contrivance that is ? A. E. A. Answer. — Yes, if you put an Alley trap in front of a hive, you may count on finding the queen in it if the colony swarms. m I ^ Bcc-Spaec Between Tiered Up Supers. In tiering up sections, must there be a bee-space between each tier ? Subscriber. Answer. — Probably there are very few nowadays who tier up supers (or storify supers, as the British perhaps more properly say) without having between each two supers a space of '4 to 'V of an inch. Years ago % was the space used, but nowadays U is considered better. Practically there's little difference in the two, between supers, altho there may be a distinct difference between top-bars and supers. At one time there was advanced the idea that bees would do better work If they had no space to cross, and "continuous passage-ways " were advocated. That is, sections wore placed plump down i8y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 247 on top of other sections. But bees don't seem to mind cross- ing a ;'4-inch space, and there are two objections to having one section rest directly on another. One objection is, that you will find it almost Impossible to put one super of sections on another without crushine bees, unless there is a space be- tween the two supers of sections. Another objection is, that if one super rests directly upon another the two will be thor- oughly glued together, making the bottoms of the upper sec- tions and the tips of the lower sections much worse daubed with glue than if a space was between. Keeping Extra Queens Over Winter— Inlrodiic- Ing Queens. 1. What is the best way to carry extra queens through the winter, that are not needed the summer before? 2. Can a queen be introduced into a colony in an hour, or later in the day, after a swarm has been sent out? or will I have to cut out all the queen-cells before inlrodnciug her? Colorado. Answkrs. — 1. Keep them In a nucleus. But it isn't easy 10 winter a nucleus, so it isn't an easy thing to carry extra queens through the winter. You may, however, have pretty fair success by giving them the advantage of the heat of a strong colony. Have a bee-tight partition in your hive, using lumber % thick or less. Let the colony occupy the larger apartment, and the nucleus the smaller. So far as I have tried it, the two colonies will nestle up against the division- board, making what would be a single cluster if the division- board should be quietly removed. I have tried it in a great many cases, but the two colonies or nuclei were generally of nearly equal strength. If one was very weak and the other very strong, the strong one migbt possibly cluster away from the partition, leaving the weak one to perish from cold. The safer plan would be to have the division-board in the middle, as mine always were, have the two nuclei about equal, and of such strength that the two united would malfe a good colony. Then in the spring you could take away the extra queen and unite, or take away one queen with enough to make a weak nucleus, uniting the rest. 2. Most likely she would be kindly received, but if the colony was sufficiently strong she might come out next day with a swarm. This might be avoided by brushing off all the bees that could be spared from the brood, uniting them with the swarm, and setting the old hive in a new place. Cause or Apiaries Being Wiped Out in 1§79. On page 46 of Gleanings, for 1894, W. S. Fultz says : "[In] the winter of 1871 fully 75 per cent, of all the apiaries of Eastern Iowa and Western Illinois were wiped out of exis- tence, and the others were so decimated that in nearly every case, not more than three or four hives were left, etc The cause of the great mortality to bees was said to be poisoned honey that had been gathered by them during the previous summer." This bears closely on subjects discust on pages 24:8 and 249 of the August Review, and I am anxious to 'Tun it down." The American Bee Journal was the only journal publisht then, I believe, and probably contains more detailed accounts, and perhaps theories of the matter, which it might be useful to compare with the recent outbreak around Denver. But I have not the American Bee Journal for those years, and probably very few have. Can I be helpt out here? I am afraid the trouble may repeat itself this year. Denver. Answkr. — I've spent no little time looking carefully through the American Bee Journal, but not with most satis- factory results. On page 212 of the March number for 1872, Father Langstroth, who was then staying at Washington, where the editor, Samuel Wagner, lived, writes : "Both Mr. Wagner and myself have this winter had nu- merous letters, informing us that the mortality among bees from dysentery has been unusually severe. Several persons have attributed it to the large quautitesof new cider stored up by the bees. In many localities, large quantities of very thin honey were gathered too late to be thickened or sealed over by the bees. This thin honey in cold weather soon becomes thin- ner still, and then by fermentation sours, and is almost sure death to bees, especially if they are entirely conflned to their hives." But no special refereuce is made to Iowa. On page 253 he says : " We learn from several prominent bee-keepers that if our suggestion in the last number about using the Hruschka [extractor] to empty thin honey, in the fall, could have been made last September, many colonies which have died of dysentery might have been saved." On page 252, May number, Elisha Gallup, then at Or- chard, Iowa, makes some remarks about wintering in general, but says nothing about any special mortality in Iowa. On page 254, he says : "We are wintering our large hives on the summer stands, and thus far (Feb. 15,1872) we are highly pleased with the results." On page 257 is an article that seems to bear more directly on the subject, written also by Mr. Gallup, who contributed oftener than any other writer to that volume of the Bee Jour- nal. He commences : " In order to throw some light on this Bee-Disease," and then tells about the wintering of " 10 colo- nies on the stands," in four different kinds of hives, and 42 colonies and 5 nuclei in the cellar. The substance of the re- port is that three colonies died outdoors because they were in hives so tall that " the cluster was in a wrong position, tall up and down," and the other three that wintered outdoors came through in spendid condition. In the cellar three of the nu- clei, having all young bees, wintered well, and two having all old bees died. He continues : " Bees left to themselves stopt breeding earlier last season than common on account of the drouth. Old queens stopt lay- ing from two to three weeks earlier than young queens ; con- sequently five colonies in the cellar with old queens had the dysentery when I set them out March 26, and large quantities of dead bees; probably two weeks longer of confinement would have used up the entire five colonies. I discovered that two colonies were queenless in September, and introduced young queens after it was too late for them to breed, hence they had all died with dysentery the first week in March. If the weather had been mild enough to have allowed them a purifying flight I could have saved them." That's all I can find in any way bearing on the suppcsi- tion that the winter of 1871- meant. If the previous winter is meant, then 1 can find nothing at all relevant. A Case of Weak Colony. I have one colony of bees that seems to be weak. What is the matter with it? Does the queen want to meet a drone? She has been coming out and flying around in the warm part of the day ever since the last of February, and, if so, will she be too late ? I saw young drones the last of F'ebruary. A. R. Y., Scott Co., Ark. Answer. — There are many cases of weak colonies, and it may come from many causes. It is possible that your queen may turn out all right, for when a queen comes out at any other time than at swarming, you may count that she is not yet mated. ^ ■ ^ Preventing lncrea<>e of Colonics. In preventing increase of colonies, have you ever practiced the plan of hiving the first swarm on frames with starters only, and then gradually replacing these frames with those belong- ing to the parent colony ? If so, will you kindly give the re- sult? I have 46 colonies to open the season with. I will work for both comb and extracted honey, and desire to keep my number as near SO as practicable. If you have a better plan than the above, will you be good enough to give that ? (If it isn't patented). My bees are in 8-frame hives— Hoffman frames. My best swarm for 1896 filled seven supers of sec- tions. They were hived June 10. They had also about 20 pounds for wintering. Clark Co., Wis. Answer. — I have followed exactly that plan, and have no patent method. Indeed, I may as well tell you privately that I don't know enough to know just what is the best method to pursue to get good crops and keep down your numbers. Very likely your plan will not turn out exactly as you expect or de- sire, but by starting out in the direction you indicate you may eventually reach something desirable. One danger is that you may return the combs of brood too soon and make the colony swarm again. If you wait too long, brood in the new combs will be so far advanced that little will be gained by changing. If I were to try the plan, I think I would give the swarm only half its number of frames to start with, then in ten days or two weeks fill up with combs from the old hive containing most brood. If the old hive, after furnishing combs enough to till up, had left some combs containing much brood, I'd swap for combs of the swarm containing the least sealed brood. Of course, you will put the swa.-m on the old stand, and leave i« the old hive barely enough bees to care for the brood, or else give the swarm all the bees and otherwise dispose of the brood. 248 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 22. CEORCB W. YORK, . Editor. PtIBLISHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, MS afiobigran St., - CHICAGO, IJ,/,. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the PostrOfHoe at Cbicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter. Vol. imil. CHICAGO, ILL., APR. 22, 1897. No. 16, Editorial Con)n)cr)i^^ Lost Numbers of the Bee Journal.— It seems lately that a good many copies of the Bee Journal get lost in the mails — at least quite a number of our subscribers call for missing copies. Now, we don't know why that should be, for we use the same care in mailing that we always have. Bu t in case you do miss a copy, ask for it, and we will send it again. Don't wait three or four months and then write us, for by that time we may bo unable to supply it. We just now have a call from Australia for about 30 back numbers running through the years 1890 to 189i inclusive. Of course we can't supply them now, even tho the subscriber does offer us four cents per copy. •*-'-*- The New XTnion— A Call for Volunteers.— We have received the following "letter of acceptance" and " inaugural address" from Hon. Eugene Secor, the newly- appointed General Manager of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union : Editor American Bee Journal — Dear air : — I notice in your issue of April 8, that I have been " promoted." Did I not have the fullest confidence in the honesty of the E.'jecutive Board, I should suspect they had gone "behind the returns" in declaring me elected. The " people " evidently thought I hadn't anything to do, and that I would be glad to dinUnouish myself by a campaign of prohi- bltkjn against fraud. I have heard before of "ofBce seeking the man," and this is positive proof that the theory upon which this government was founded has not gone into " innocuous desuetude." Since " the voice of the people is the voice of God," I sub- mit with the best grace possible. But if it's war you want, please furnish the " munitions." There isn't any use for me to step into the " breach" unless at least 500 volunteers will " support " uie. Come on, boys ! Let's at 'em ! But, " money talks." Send your $$ to Dr. Mason— f don't want the stuff. Yours truly, Edgenk Secor. Forest City, Iowa, April 8, 1897. Now that has the true ring of a leader. When a man says, " Come on," it means he's ready to go ahead, and only wants the rest of tho "army" to follow and back him up. Of course, the leader in the proposed fights to be under- taken by the New Union cannot do anything without " muni- tions," or "sinews of war." You see, he calls for 500 volun- teers. That's not many. Why, there should be four times that many to respond at once from among the readers of the American Bee Journal alone. Then with all to "volunteer" from the readers of Gleanings, the Review, etc.— well, there oughtn't to be any trouble about " munitions." Now, if it will bo any more convenient for our readers to send their membership money to this office, do so, and we will be glad to see that it gets into the proper hands. Every bee- keeper is interested in the work to be done by the New Union. So send on your dollar and become a member at once. Let us not allow the new General Manager to suffer for the want of " munitions," but rather back him up in such away that he will have no excuse to " let up " in the warfare against honey adulterators, commission frauds, and every other fraud that hinders or robs the honest producer of honey. Xhe New Union is already receiving words of en- couragement. Here is what that big Minnesota bee-keeper, Mr. C. Theilmann, wrote us April 9 : Friend York : — I see by this week's American Bee Jour- nal, that the New Union is now in full operation, and I hope that all good bee-keepers who are willing, and desire, to keep in check and root out the honey-commission swindlers and thieves and adulterators, will join, and send in their dollars. I will send mine in to-day. Success cannot fail to be the out- come with such men in office as the New Union now has. C. Theilmann. Mr. Theilmann has set a good example. Let 500 others do likewise before May 1. With such encouragement as that would be. General Manager Secor could " trot off " at a lively pace after the swarm of adulterators, honey-commission frauds, etc. Is a New Union Unwise? — On page 242, Prof. Cook has a most excellent article — one that would have been about ten times as valuable had he written it in time for it to have had its influence on the vote on amalgamation last .Jan- uary. It seems strange that the Professor should now be so strongly in favor of one of the very objects proposed by the New Constitution, and yet when some of us were trying to bring about amalgamation, so that honey-adulteration might be fought, he did not favor it. One reason why we wanted to unite the two societies was so that the fight against honey- adulteration might be undertaken and pusht hard; for we knew the General Manager of the old Union was opposed to having that organization take up this important work. He showed that very clearly in his last Report, when he was opposing the New Constitution, where he said : " The real question is this : Shall it now add to its work that of prosecuting honey-adulterators'? Under the name of ' Amalgamation ' the one real point sought to be gained is this feature, and that should be thoroughly understood. " If the Union is to be re-organized to do this work, it will subvert its original purpose and mainly change its character. It will have multitudinous lawsuits begun all over the coun- try, and must have lots of money to employ attorneys to at- tack that dydra-headed monster — adulteration." Of course, it would "subvert its original purpose and mainly change its character," if amalgamation bad carried. But who cares about "its original purpose" of defense, now that the work in that line is practically all done ? Sup- pose its "character " ftnri been changed so that the money now lying idle in the treasury of the old Union could be used in prosecuting adulterators, would anybody shed tears over that? We think the fact is, there is no need to talk about the old Union taking up adulteration, for the majority voted to use its present funds as in the past, and at tho rate of expending it the last two years, it will hold out perhaps two more years. The New Union is planned to do not only the work originally proposed by the old Union, but infinitely more, as specified in Its objects, which we publlsht two weeks ago. Prof. Cook says, and very correctly, too : " I am inclined to the opinion that many who voted at the last election [in January] were not Informed properly or fully as to the just what was intended." Of course they " were not informed properly or fully." How could they be, when only OJic side of 897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 249 the amalgamation matter was placed before them in the Gen- eral Manager's Report, and that the wrong side? Nothing could have been more unfair than that. Had those favoring amalgamation been permitted to present their side of the case, as was clearly their right, if any side was to be pre- sented, the result doubtless would have been very different. Of course there is no need for two Unions, unless you want one to just put in its time in guarding a little pile of money, and the other to raise funds and do the fighting. As Prof. Cook says — and others have voiced the same sentiment — the old Union is no longer needed to defend the pursuit of bee-keeping in its right to existence. That was settled some 10 years ago. Another thing, the New Union must be managed differ- ently in some particulars than has been the old one. Just the other day a bee-keeper who for years was a member of the old Union, was in our office — and when askt why he dropt his membership, said : "When I belong to any organization I want to know what is done with the funds. I want to know how much is paid for this, and how much for that. I have a right to know. That is the reason I and others, who were members out where I live, dropt out. I also tbink the Treasurer should give a bond. I expect to join the New Union." Just so. Every member certainly desires to see both sides of the New Union's account, itemized, and publisht in the Annual Report. All have a perfect right to this. It is no reflection upon the honesty or administration of the General Manager to ask for such information. He should be only too glad to give it. And why should any public financial officer feel delicate about giving a limited bond ? This is only a good business principle. As the majority of the members of the old Union practi- cally said by their votes that they did not desire that organi- zation to take up issues other than that of defense; and as its General Manager is opposed to undertaking the fight against honey-adulteration, to us it looks to be the very wisest of wise moves to build up a New Union that will just go in to win; not only get the victory over the adulterators, but help to wipe out honey-commissiou frauds, and when necessary also do what little may yet be needed to defend apiarists in their constitutional right to keep bees. On with the New Union ! Let the volunteers rally around its standard, and then go forth to victory for the right ! Afler Adulterators in California. — Prof. Wenzell, the chemist of the San Francisco Board of Health, is after the adulterators of all kinds of food. He is making chemical analyses of syrups, jellies, and canned sweets of all kinds. Of course honey comes in also. In a half-column report on Prof. Wenzell's work, sent to us by Mr. A. B. Zinn, taken from the San Francisco Examiner of March 14, we find these paragraphs : Sweeter than honey in the honey-comb is the honey that comes in glass bottles, so sweet and innocent and golden that only a health ollicer would dream of suspecting it. A canny little instrument, known as a polariscope, was turned on the different brands of " absolutely pure honey," with startling results. It is a scientific fact that a plane of polarized light, passing through pure honey, will be deflected to the left. If It deflects to the right, adulteration may be assumed. The San Diego honey showed a melancholy deflection of 13.3 degrees to the right: the Los Angeles and White Clover but little less. From this a large proportion of glucose was Inferred, as well as sugar and syrup. Glucose is not food, and no respectable bee would tolerate it in her cell for ten seconds. To label such compounds " pure honey " is an insult to Dr. Watts and John the Baptist. Fancy the latter reduced to a diet of locusts and glucose I Mr. Zinn says that Prof. WenzelPs work shows him to be the " right man in the right place." With California's pres- ent stringent law against the adulteration of honey, it ought to be easy to make it good and warm for those who attempt to adulterate the product of the bees. But when our Illinois legislature rises to its golden opporiunity, and passes an antl- aduiteration law, then look out for the unearthing of swarms of adulterators in Chicago. 'Tis said that " Every dog has his day," and we think the adulterator's " day " is coming on with great speed ; and it will be a hot day for him, too. People are getting awfully tired of being swindled on both sides — inside and outside. What with frauds of all kinds to rob them of their hard-earned dollars, and the adulterators to tamper with what they eat, is it any wonder that honest peo- ple are wondering who is running this country, any way '? It is time that those who believe iu righteousness should arise In their might and everlastingly wallop the daylights out of the frauds of all kinds and conditions. And the New Union is the agency that can help greatly in downing at least those who besmirch the fair character of the purest, best, and oldest sweet known to mankind. T\)c Weekly Budget. Mr. L. L. Jackson, of Monterey Co., Calif., writing April 10, said : "The weather has been and is still quite warm for this season of the year, the thermometer registering as high as 90° in the shade." Dr. C. C. Miller, in a letter we recieved April 14, says : "Winter isn't exactly lingering in the lap of spring, but spring doesn't seem to move very fast. I am busy hauling bees now to out-apiaries, and have three-fourths of them away." Mr. G. M. Doolittle, in the Progressive Bee-Keeper, says that this " is the secret of successful honey-production in a nutshell : First, secure the laborers just at Ihc riijlit time for the lioncy harvest, then keep a,n eye on things, giving only just enough room in wliivh to store till the honey comlnrj from that harvest, and you SLTe loss of the situation." There you have it. It's no longer a " secret." Now profit by it. Now for New Subscribers for the rest of 1S97 : We would like to have each of our present readers send us at least one new subscriber for the Bee Journal before June 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only GO cents for the rest of this year. That is about S months, or only Tjj cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new 00-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list: Wood Binder for the Bee .Tournal 20c. nO copies of leaflet on -Why Eai Honey?" 20c. 50 ■■ •• on •' How to Keep Honey " 20c. 00 ■' " on ■• Alsike Clover" 20c. 6 copies ■■ Honey as Fnod and Medicine" 20c. lcopye4ch " Prepar.>tlon ot Hnney- for the Market "(10c.) and Uoolittle'8 " Hive I V'e " i5c i loo. 1 copr each Dadants' "Handling Bees" (8c.) and " Bee- Pasturape a Necessity ' (lOc. I 18o. Dr. Howard's bonk on " F )ul Brood " 2.)C. Kolinke's " Foul B no d " Ijoo? 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book dOj.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees" [8c ] 18c. Dr. Foote'8 Hand-book ot Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for .Market and Proflt, by Fanny Field 2.ic. Capons and Capouizing 25c. Turkeys for Market and Prollt 2.5c. Green's Four Hooks on Fruit-G rowing "oc. Kopp Comiuercbil C'.iUuUior No. L 25c. Silo ano Silatre. bv Prot. Cook 2.ic. Bienen-Kultur LGerman] 40c. Kendall's Horse-Book [Eoiilish or German] 25c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 " Sweet •• " 25c. i% •• Al'^lke " " 25c. 1% " Alfalfa " •• 25c. m •• Crimson " " 2.5o. Queen-Clipping Device 30c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; in other words, no one sending in his own 60 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. 250 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 22. Qcrjeral Iten;)s> White Clover Thick. White clover is thick in this section, and I am hopeful. W. Spencer. Macoupin Co., 111., April 7. Small Loss in Wintering. I put part of my bees out the past three days, but it was hardly warm enough (53 degrees), and many scattered around and died. 1 have always found it risky to put them out it under UO degrees above zero. Three colonies are dead (queenless) out of 130, but many will be short of stores and have to be fed. C. Theilmanx. Wabasha Co., Minn., April 9. Plaster Casts for Foundation. Bees in south Florida are doing well this season. There have been several swarms near me. I do not let mine swarm — '• watch 'em too close.'' Can any of the readers of the '• Old Re- liable " tell me how to make plaster casts for molding foundation ? and how to oper- ate tbem ? Are they patented ? If so, by whom ? Don't all speak at once. I have to come to the front to thank our Editor for the good work he is doing the bee-keepers in our land, by fighting frauds. May he ever live to continue in the good work. He is ever ready to do his share. J. M. Lassiter. Hillsboro Co., Pla., April 7. Good Honey Season Expected. My bees are doing well, and I think we will have a good season for honey. I am a beginner with bees, this being my third season with bees. I live on the peninsula just below San Francisco. I do not ask any questions because I do not think it necessary as long as I take the Bee Journal; I also have the "A B C of Bee-Culture," Benton's and Newman's books. I think that any person with common intelligence these days can get along very well with the above. I get a good market for my honey and wax. because I have it in a neat, clean shape. As I attribute the most of my suc- cess to the Bee Journal I sincerely wish it and its editor success. M. P. S.mith. San Mateo Co., Cal., April 7. The Mississippi River Overflow. When a boy living in Canada I often read of the great Mississippi river, of the over- flows in the Mississipjji bottoms, and longed to live on the banks of that great river. So about eight years ago I went to Louisiana, near New Orleans, to live, but over 3i) miles from the river; but not being satisfied there, I came to this (Bolivar) county and located my apiary near the levee, in a low spot. For the first two years we had no high water, but this spring it came. We have a levee over Vi feet high, and it looks strong enough to hold any pressure. About 11 weeks ago the health bureau predicted an overtiow. and we watcht the water as it crept from (i to 12 inches per day up the levee, until it began to slosh over. Men went to work to raise it— over HI, 000 men, they say, were at work between Memphis and Vicksburg, trying to save it. It was a novel sight to me, to see that great water, as long as it staid on the opposite side. About a week ago a man came riding into our place saying the levee had broken about G miles above. We all knew that meant to get ready. This break was about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Some said the water would not reach us for '24 hours, but I went to work putting my bees up and get- ting ready. I workt until about '2 o'clock in the morning, wlien the mighty water began to roll in my apiary. I had my bees up 4 feet high— all said they were safe. I ar« This littlo picture -will come \ S^g home -with tolling force to many ifli ^»k a tired and overworked farmer's 4St ^.Su disease. Poor ■womanl _ . _, J(* not know tliat there is ■within ^^Jl «^ your easy reach a remedy that i>^ Q4.J will quickly restore you to JS Ij^ health and happiness? Aremedy^J (i5^ that will positively cure Jt.. »{ FEMALE COMPLAINTS •« ^Ji_ BRIOHTS DISEASE M/ ^Vli URSMARY TROUBLES *K 'Ss GENERAL DEBILITY r«V ^X\ AND MALARIA ^ {^^ and all diseases caused by diB-J}Ji %{i\ ordered Kidneys and Liver. It is?^^ i'i«'N. Adrit-M-s for Catalog and prices, ARNOLD, JABEBG & CO , Dr. G. L. Tinker. Manager. 14A4t Nkw Philadelphia. Onio. Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! — nin' YOUR — Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guarantee d equal to the best (roods on the market. Mend fur Price- Ll«t. Ba'wson & Barner, Centralia, 'Wash. 10Ai:it Mention the Am. Bee Journal. A boi^ktet, handsomely illustra- ted, (k'scrlblug Kebru»kii« her farms and the opporiuiiii ics there for young men and farm renters to become farm owners Mailed without charjic on application to 1'. S. KusTis. General f^ahsenger Attent. C, I!. & Q. U. K.,Ubicago. III. 14A81 iKfUUi'-i, tiie-fmnviican lice Jour't.'^,- WANTED— ATTENTION ! fcJEE liKKE, Fiiend Bee-Keepcr. the best O jroods are none loo good, and the lowest prices ate none too io^v lorthe present, times, so down po the prices for 1 897 on Full ifliiu of Uec-Kei'perN' Mipplli s, 1 defy conipctliioTi in (lualliy and workman- ship. \Vf»rlitii££ Wax Into Kouudatlon when sent to me. a specialty. Write, without fall, forCatilog. My prices are worth looking at. Wax wanted at *.2fic cusb. or ~Uc in trmlc. de- livered. August 'Weiss, Hortonville, 'Wis. 6A12t Mtnlion llie American Bee JuumaL then put my bed up in the loft, and went up as the water bad cut me off from the railroad or levee. In the morning I knockt a board off and lookt out to see how the bees were doing, only to see part of the hives floating around. I went down in the water up to my waist (4 feet deep) and gathered them up the best I could, and tried to save them. How they are doing I cannot tell, but I think I shall lose heavily. I then started to the apiary about 4 miles down the river, to see if the water had reacht them, but the water had beat me there — not a hive of bees or a stand was left— all gone. I did not go to my upper apiary, about 4 miles up near the break, but learned they had all floated away. But I am in hopes to save enough to start again. While sitting here and looking over the water, it looks like a mighty ocean. Thou- sands of cattle have drowned, hundreds of mules and hogs are gone, and many lives are lost — so it is reported. All had it reported that I was drowned, as I did not get up town the next morning. When a party came down to my apiary to see where I was, and call me, I tell you I answered soon, and crawled out of the gable-end of my wigwam, and got in that dugout. Now I tell all bee-men that I have enough of the great Mississippi river. Railroad tr.acks are washt away on both sides of us; no mail for a week, and God only knows when we will get any. I send this letter out with some men that are going out to meet a passing steamer. J. H. Siple. Bolivar Co., Miss., April 1. Bees 'Wintered in Clamps. I winter bees outside. packt in clamps with forest leaves, with a chaff cushion on top. I have from one to four colonies in each case. Out of the 40 colonies put up last fall, one is lost, and 1 consider that not bad for this latitude, and variable weather. I like the Bee Journal so well that I would not like to lose even one number. Wm. Miller. Ontario, Canada, April 10. Working on Sapolel. My bees are now working on sapolel — a bulb that sends up a small plant that is in bloom as soon as the snow is off. The bloom is very fragrant, and bees fairly cover it. It furnishes both pollen and honey, and is in bloom before the willows are. It is a bulb the Indians dig to make bread of. I do not know its scientific name, but the In- dians call it " sapolel." It grows in rocky bars, and on thin, gravelly land, and is a splendid early bee-plant. It is needless for me to say the American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor; it is always received ^vith great interest, so much so that I often read it until it is too late to go to church, thus failing to hear some good sermons. S. W. Maxet. Kittitas Co., Wash., April 5. [Mr. Maxey, you should not let the Bee Journal interfere with j'our church duties. Remember the contents of this paper are not " too good to keep." They won't spoil if not devoured until several days after being received. — Editor.] Bee-Keeping in 'Virginia. The winter, in this locality, has been favorable to the safe wintering of bees, scarcely a week having past btit what they were niile to fly out, and all colonies that have sulHcient stores pass the winters here without loss, on the summer stands, with- out any trouble as to packing, ventilation, etc. They commenced to gather pollen late in the month of February, and now, with cherries, peaches, pears, and plum trees in full bloom, and apple blossoms bursting forth, they are well bred up and strong in numbers. Last fall 1 took off some very line honey, to my taste fully equal to any 189'i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 251 Northern product. From wbat source it was gathered I do not know, as 1 summer at the North ; l)ut it is claimed liere that the holly produces about the nicest. Last spring I took with me to my New York State home, a few colonies about the middle of April, and I thought it paid well. and propose to repeat it this spring, for it did us good to notice how a frame or two of these young. vigorous bees and brood put new life into a weak, dwindling colony of old bees wintered at the North. The weather has been rather cool for a few days past, and this morning a slight white frost was perceptible on the clover and grass, but somehow a frost here does not seem to kill plants and vegetation as it does at the North. I judge it is affected by the damper atmosphere, and denser air, for sound seems to travel farther, or is beard at a greater distance. Chesteu Beldixc;. Surry Co., Va., April 2. Bees Wintered in a Clamp. To-day I took out half of my bees; they were buried since the first of November. ISnu. I started at S o'clock, a.m., and it was 44 degrees above zero in the shade, and and when I got through it was .50 degrees, and out they flew. The wind blew a little from the east, and it was a fine day. Mon- day I expect to take out the balance, but these are 3 miles from my home, in the woods, and in the basswood also. I keep mine all in one clamp. All the bees I know of are alive. Soft maple is commencing to open. Clover looks well, and plenty of it. D. D. D.\N'IHEK. Dane Co., Wis., April 2. Australia— A " Worker-ftueen." Our honey season is now nearly over, and with me it has been about the best I have had for the past 16 years. Have you ever known bees to swarm with a laying worker instead of a c|ueen ? Well. I bad a very small swarm do just that silly trick a few days ago. They set- tled on a small bush, and to find the queen I shook the bees on to a bottom board, but could find no trace of her. I noted, how- ever, one worker that they paid particular attention to. and which they treated ex- actly as they would a queen, by circling around her and moving out of her way as she went about. I watcht her for some time, and from the respect and attention paid her, it was evident that the bees treated her as a queen. I then placed her in a nftr cage and set her down about a foot away from the cluster of bees, when they immediately started towards her and clus- tered around the cage. I then removed the queen and killed her. and on carefully opening her I found a single egg in her body. I am positive there was no other queen connecteii with this swarm, and that the bees recognized this worker as a queen. H. L Jones. Queensland. Australia, March 13. Painful Accident— New Union. I expected to send my dollar to the New Union before this. 1 was waiting to see bow the vote would come out on Feb. 1, when on Jan 3(1 1 slipt and fell on some steps iu Minneapolis, while delivering but- ter, and dislocated my ankle, broke the small bone just above the ankle, and chipt the end of the large bone at the joint. So since then 1 have not bad any stray dollars to send, but 1 will have, as I like the stand the New Union has taken on commission frauds, as I was taken in by Hirrie & Co., in ISy."). the time they had an advertisement iu the American Bee Journal. I wrote to tbe editor at the time, and he replied that as far as he knew they were all right, so 1 shipt them my honey, and the next week their advertisement was out of the Bee Journal, and an editorial was in exposing them. I got S cents per pound, instead of 1.5 cents as tbey stated. But I have not lost ^ TO BE HUNG!^ Oiru Siii.Noi.E Is n.iw hun? out, nolif.vInK the public tiDii. we :irt' Hjrain reiidy Iu fitlilp ((iieeiis. Havlnsr j;rc:itly eiilarjjuii our lacll- liies. cun fill orders by rvtiirii tuail. 4«»I> ii Li;.!.-*-? Cr lo matter a rail fence or a barb wire fence f Did y« i* ever stop to count lip your annual lots from iii '. beinf^alyle to cultivate tliat strip of landf Yt^'i can p!owri:rht up to tlie po>:tsof the Keyst'lK^ I'Vnoe. There i^ no waste land wlien it is ii »■ if (.-un ducted .ncordintj to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits " jusi oui mid sent postpjaid with our lh97 Cwtiiloyue for4c to htjlp I'ay postaee.etc. Best et.'t{B and stock cost no more if purchased of us. you can then sell your [iroduct to u-* and th'^usands others for high fancy prices. We own 300 acres most eletiantly adapted to -=pooltry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY & PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y 7--\i;i MeiUion the A.merican IJnc Jout^icU, seotio5ts~! We have a lot of Sections 4!ix4i4x7 to-foot, which are off in color. We wish t't close them outQCiCK.so offer them at $1.50 a M. They are not seconds, but are off In color— open on two and three sides. Cat. of Bees uird Supplies Free. I. J. STRIiXGIIAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N. t Apiary— Glen Cove. L. 1. QUEENS Smokers. Sections . Comb Foundfition, Aod ail A))l»Ir.in Hii|i|>li<.*K _ chpap. HomA for UtEK BUIogua. E. T. FLANAUAN, Bcllfvllle, 111. 13A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE with DovKTAii.Eri Boiiv ANo Sui'Eiis espe- cially. All other nee-Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price- Li-.t. Address. B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Bo.VlS?. SHEBDVOAN. Wis. r~| ■■^ p^ 1 — 1 m p^ P^ -^ p K ~ ■ ■ * ■^ T ■ - ■ -^ .^ __ ___ — «., _ ., :=:: Q — ^=:3 -^ M ^ :^ :^ z^ 3. :[ !b; ??Fi.^^^?: S?Ji! iS^-i wk TWO VALUES FOR ONE PRICE. ICvery user of I'uvri' ri'iirf (.'ct^. I nil v;i 1 iiu i n I lio Wiiv (if pnilccl ion for CI 'ips and slock, Ttu-ii I In- it! Is the Milt ii«l':tvt ion in haviiiK the Uvmt nrt iclt* i Iutu is Ttiaile. soinothini; durable, somuihltii: that ai-iii- ally adds value lo the premises. Better Ihink of this. VV rile US and Invest l^iile. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. bee ahead of any in this Northern climate. My last year's crop yielded me 4.5110 pounds, and my bees have wintered well, and are just put on the summer stands. It is the first time they had a chance to fly. They went to their winter quarters on Dec. 0, and never had a Hip;ht until March iil, or had no privilege to fly. We had two or three feet of snow on the level here, and they came out just us strong as if it was May 1. Here are bees living in the open lot just as well as it housed up. I bave cleaned the bottom-boards of my colonies after the winter, and have not found a cup of dead bees on any board. Can you winter bees with any better re- sults in a cellar ? ^ 7 ■' Will moth-balls keep away moths without injury to the bees ? Thomas Collins. Berkshire Co., Mass., April 0. Sheeting Wax for Foundation. In reply to Dr. Miller's query in "Stray Straws" of Gleanings for April 1, 1896, as to why I kept so still about my process for making continuous sheets of wax for foundation, 1 will now say that my silence has been due to the fact that a patent had not been obtained on my apparatus for making the sheets until recently. It is now patented, and, so far as I can find, the con- tinuous sheet produced by me with my machine differs widely in method of mak- ing and in product from any other. It is a rapid worker, producing the sheet con- tinuously from the melted wax. There is no lapping or welding done in this process. The machine is simple in construction, easily operated, either by band or steam power, and the price is within the reach of any supply dealer. I have about 200 colonies of bees in the cellar at present. The loss of bees in this vicinity has been quite heavy, owing to a shortage of stores last season. Tnos. Evans. Allamakee Co., Iowa, April 1. Tennessee Bee-Keeping'. It is a very good thing that one man doesn't know it ail. I find on page 204, an article entitled " Tennessee Bee-Keeping," telling how bees are kept along the Smoky mountains. I remember well an article I wrote to the Bee Journal about getting the bee-keepers of East Tennessee to organize into an association ; and lo, when I wrote it, in a short time I found out that I was about two years behind the times. I found out that the East Tennessee Bee-Keepers' Association was organized, and was holding annual meetings. So you see I did not know it all, and I was about two years behind time. Now the article referred to seems to in- sinuate that their is not a practical bee- keeper along the Smoky mountains. I have been keeping liee.^ in those mountains about seven years, and I am not the first. Sam Wilson commenced keeping bees here in 1S7S, and they were not in log nor plank gums — they were in movable-frame hives, and he made a success of it, producing tons of honey, tho he is out of the business now. I have some Italian bees, too, and they are in as good a hive as there is made, and in as good condition for a honey crop, if it comes. How many practical bee-men there are along the Smoky mountains I am not able to say. I have at present about 80 colonies of bees. The time is now at hand when I have to begin my work for the summer. Fruit is blooming, in a few days huckle- berry will be in bloom, and before it is over the main boney-flow will be on from the poplar, which is now getting green. Then we have the basswood next, which comes in June, and about the first of July we have the sourwood, which continues to bloom about three weeks. I see occasionally some one says some- thing about poisonous honey. While some think there is no such honey, there are ethers that know there is honey that is poisonous; and they know it comes from ^ ¥ 0 California If you care to know of Its Fruits. Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated. I'2.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RCRAL PRESS, ^20 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. CARLOADS Of Bee-lllves. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Evrryltatns used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address -- of every Bee- Keeper in Anier. lea. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. AV. II. PIITNAHI, RivEK Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. IHllill'c! HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lUUl !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Trices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send lor our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. In stamps. Apply to — Chas. T. ninth 8e Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. mention the American Bee Journal. SEE THAT WINK ! Ilee - SiippllPN ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Pouder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by liee-keepers Prompt ser- vice, low freight r^ite. Cat. iree. 'Walter S Pouder, „, ,. Yv i^m-e. •.■j 162 Mass. Ave., Visit" [)o\;DtK:)(iD Indianapolis. Indiana. er IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A.J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., eee-Keeper s Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNG DISEASES. .^a years* experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- Ical treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. I ATCHChJckens B,T,?e''M^«*u1?Z EXCELSIOR Incubator Simple, pfr/cct. Set/- negiitat- itif}. Thousii'ii):^ jo suroc-ssriil (ip^raliim. l.nwcMt prU't» TO REDUCE STOCK ! 5 per cent. Off On all Kinds of Supplies TILL APRIL 15tli. f^" Ortlere amoiinllnir to $5 or uiote will be (ieliverod 1'. o. b. curs tfpriii^tleld, Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr. , Chesterfield, Ills. 10A131 Munlion tho Am. Hoe Journal /rfs*; THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 253 mountain laurel. I want to state right here, for my last time unless called on, 'that we get poisonous boney here from the laurel, about one time in ten. and I never have known any oue poisoned to death from it. nor never will, the it makes a per- son very sick. The bees will not work on laurel if there is anything else to work on. I have about IIX) pounds of honey now that is raixt with poisonous honey. It is nearly two years old, and is granulated, but it has the bitter, scorcht taste. Wm. Webb. Cocke Co.. Tenn., April 5. Bees in Florida— The Ti-Ti. This locality last summer suffered with a severe and protracted drouth, which proved to be the death-kuell of many colonies of bees dying of starvation. By the law of "survival of the fittest," those that en- dured to the end were the best and strong- est. After the fall rains flowers bloomed, and brood-rearing commenced, which con- tinue! during the winter, as on almost all fair days pollen could be gathered in the swamps, and probably some honey. Colo- nies were populous when fruit-trees bloomed, and by the middle of March swarms were issuing. The titi is a very interesting shrub or tree, growing in living water. All wet places are called " titles." It is an Indian word, signifying tangle or thicket. There are three varieties of titi. differing very little. The largest, which is quite a tree, grows where the water is the deepest, and they gradually grow smaller as there is less water. The bloom is in racemes of small, fragrant, white flowers, varying as to variety with a tinge of pink. The bloom is used in Easter decorations, for making stars, etc., and is very beautiful. There is much honey gathered from this source, which is white, of good body and flavor. Some of the ti-ties are such a tangle as to be almost or quite impenetrable, provid- ing a safe retreat for wild animals. Its dense, evergreen foliage protects plants from frost, which bloom during winter; tho I cannot find them the bees can, and bring heavy loads to their hives every fine, warm day. I never saw heavier loads of pollen than bees gather from this source. During the past month the prevailing winds have been from the south and east, with much rain. The streams are out of their banks, ani many bridges have been carried away. There have been severe storms on the Gulf of Mexico and St. An- drews Bay, causing much discomfort and distress to travelers and fishermen. There will be a few oranges at St. An- drews this season, of the Tangerine and Satsuma varieties, and other trees are fast recovering from the severe freezing of two years ago. The freewill bear much neglect and abuse it it does not freeze too hard; lemon trees are far more sensitive. Mrs. L. Harrison. Washington Co., Fla., April 3, Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Wintering' Bees, Etc. My bees have wintered on the summer stands nicely, some with outside boxes packt with short straw and chaff, and a chaff cushion in the super, after placing a burlap on the brood-frames. Others by driving stakes in front and rear of a row of hives, and putting a board cover over them, and boarding up the rear and ends, then filled in around the hives with short straw and chaff (having burlap and cush- ions on the same as those without outside boxes). Then I made a front enclosure the length of the shed out of lath cut the right length to reach from the ground to the roof, and nailed to twj strips of narrow inch boards; then set it snugly against the front of the shed, letting the upp«r slat rest in the old-style wooden latch holder, fast- ened to the corner posts, so it can be lifted olT to clean away dead bees, etc. ; or in spring to set away for future use. The posts can remain, as they are not seriously in the way, I started last spring with 15 colonies, 2 New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight ralllion feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Larg-est Factories and the latest and uiosl-iuiproved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State, The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and whitest Bass'wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the American Bee .Tourn-U. 7Atf That Q,ueen-Clipping Device Free ! Workiit Like a Charm. The Mooette Queen Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees, Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr. Conldu't Do IVithout It. I have clipped IB queens, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and wilt be wel- come to many bee-beepers aa it was to me, ) could not do without one now, Dr, Geo, Lacke, Newburgh, Ind, PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us just one iiew name for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 30 cts, any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. BEE-KEEPEES we make The Very Finest Line of CITTT^T^T TTiin in the Market, and sell V I P K I ,1 H \ them at Low Prices. kJ U X JL J. JXJJkJ Send for Free llluslratcd Catalog and Prfcc-L.ist. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agf ut for llie Southwest-^- ^- ''^^''s^'joseph, mo. mr. Abbott sells our Hives and Sections at Factory Prices. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pound tin cans, on board cars In Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 73^ cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, Gl4 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. E^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL 254 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr 22, BEES & NUCLEI. We can supp y liiiod Full Colonies of Ital- ian Bees in 10-tr:inie Laniistro h iv(s. and 3-fram«* Nuclei. They are hi Lee To.. llMnols. ICO miles trora Chic:i^'(i. 11 j im wlt-li to lujy. wri'e UB at once. !is to what and how many you want, and we will quote you price. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. For Sale, Bees & Queens Kees liy the Pound. $1.00. Queens. .Jl 00. Nuclei, 2 Irame wnh (^)iteen. $ ;..tO: l-lrj»ine. $2.00. Also. Barred A; Wliiie Plynioiiili Roi'kdi* and Sili'er*I..BCed Wyaiidottes Eggs at $1.00 persittinjrot \h. Address, Mrs. A. A. .SIMPSOX, 16A13 SWA Ills. Gkeene Co., Pa. Mention the American Bee joujmjM t Or in E.\chan£re for Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax '^ll\Tr"!m A Specialty. ipr" Write forCaralop-and Price-List, ■with Samples of Foundation and Sectious. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. MemfJ/yii the Amerwan Bee /r^i'^T-iJi. riil! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Vello-w BeeS'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH ; or 'AH cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st., CHICAGO, ILL. EC3i-a-S From Pure B. P. Rocks. lilack Minorcae. Li^bt Brahmas— J1.25 per Sitting-. Also, will stuff and m swarms, 3 fairly early, and 2 in August— 21st and 31st latest; and the last was a second swarm from a strong colony. I also bought 3 good colonies about Dec. 1, and brought them home in good condition, and they, too, are all doing well. I had some fears as to the last or second swarm that came off Aug. 31, and gave it a frame or two of honey (in Novem- ber) from the upper story of one which had a surplus, and they have come through nicely, and appear strong to day. I noticed the suggestion of S T. Pettit in regard to a plan to encourage the V>ees to fill the outside sections in the super, and I have prepared 2 supers as he suggests. I like the idea. I think an inch piece pnt un- der the bottom-board at the rear end would be an improvement, as it would bring the hive-body to the same original level, and leave the bottom-board with a good forward slope downward, giving the bees a good chance to clean out everything dropping on the bottom. I think the "old reliable" American Bee Journal is keeping well up with the advance in bee culture, and its editor is not slack, '■ as some men count slackness.'" to keep in the advance generally, of which I am glad. Geo. McCi'LLOuon. Page Co.. Iowa, April 6. Prospects Good for this Season. We are having a fine shower to-day, with very chilly northeast winds blowing. At this date everything bids fair for the bees, which have, so far as I can learn, come through the winter in very good condtion. Mine are so. and have plenty of stores yet, with lots of sealed brood, and some young bees have been out of the cells as long as one week. Peach orchards are in full bloom, goosberries are blooming, and will be fine for the bees for two weeks. Then the redbud trees are almost in bloom, which will be fine, and will last for two or three weeks, then come the hawthorne trees, which are good, and come in a good time. There are three kinds or varieties of them, which place their blooming at about three weeks, but they did not do much last year. In IS'.W my bees stored some surplus honey from them, which was fine, but the honey had a peculiar appearance— it was very clear, and after being sealed in the cells it seemed to be full of little beads or bubbles. It was of good taste and thick- ness. After these come plum bloom, apples, cherries, and wild white clover, which is getting to be plentiful; and what is called the Simpson honey-plant, growing wild, and other wild flowers too numerous to mention. And with all these there has been plenty of rain so far, to give them life and vigor such as I like to see them have for the secretion of nectar. Everything is very early here this spring. I am feeling very uneasy for the fruit crops yet in this section. With all looking so promising at this time, bees have not done much as yet, on account of cool, windy, disagreeable days. I am in great hopes to see the grandest flow of nectar imaginable this season, and to see the bees store a bountiful crop of surplus honey. I have never seen better prospects for a good crop of honey since I have been keeping bees than at present. I hope present prospects will continue throughout the season, with good results. K. L. Hastin. Cedar Co., Mo., April 8. Trying to Grow Sweet Clover. As Dr. Miller has askt for experience in sowing sweet clover, I will send mine in exchange for some of the many valuable things I have gotten from the Bee Journal. 1 bought five pounds of sweet clover .seed from a reliable supply dealer, and sowed it in three places — one was a choice piece of land. low, black, and damp, which had been summer fallowed the past season. 1 culti- vated, sowed the seed, and harrowed six to l& LANDS For Sale at 1 rods a dny fiu J 12 to 20 cts. a Rod.! «>»er r>» tlvli's. <"atrt!..iruO Kiee, T KITSELMAN BROS-, f itox i:tN. Ridgevlllei Ind." 4ah;Ll ixtenf 107 i iti-- ^1 n'irrcau tti^ iua>t 'i*ja. For Sale, Choice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at *.i.00 ; Nuclei, *l per Frame. — Clticciis ill Their Season.— Also a Full Slock of the UEE-KEEPERS' — ] SUPPLIES. B. Taylor Handy Send for Cataloj^, to — F. A. CBOWELL, Granger, Minn. 17A4t Please mention the Boe Journal 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 255 HONEY and BEESWAX itiAicui-rr <(i;oi'A'riu3is. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by ihe North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well ftUcd; com' s straight, of even thickness, and tlrmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise: all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom. or with but few cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stalu or other- wise. In addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white," "No. 1 dark." etc. Chicag-o, 111., Mar, 19.— Fancv white. ll@ 12c.; Nu. l.ioailc: fancy amber, 9c.; No. 1, 7c ; fancy dark. So.: No. 1, 7c. Extracted, white. .i(aTc. ; amber, 5(B6c. ; dark, 4 He. Bees- wax, ■2o<3fi~c. Stocks are working down, but there Is no Imp'ovemeiit in price. The season for comb honey is drawing to a close. Any one Intend- ing to market in the cities should do so now. Albany, N, T., Mar, 20.— Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1. 11-12C.: lancv amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark. 7-8c ; .Vo. 1. 6-7c. Extracted, white. -"J-Gc.: dark. IJi4-4c. Demand is all that couid be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., Peb. 20.— Fancy white 14-loc.; No. 1 white. 12-I.!c. Extracted, whil.e. 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-250. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for Inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-120. Extracted, white, 6-7c. ; amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 2oc. St. Iioais, Mo,, Peb. 19.— Fancy comb. 12@ ©13e.: No. 1 white, ll(ail!4c.; amber, 9® lOHc; dark, 7@8l4c. Extracted, white. In cans. 6@7c.; amber. In barrels, 4(a4Hc; extra, 3c.; dark. 3(a»c Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Bepswa.x, 2:j@2;J>4c, —prime finds ready sale at 23Hc. San Francisco, Calif,, Apr, 7. — White comb. 9-IOc.; amber, o-7c. Extracted, white, 5Hc.; light amber, 3H-4c.; dark tule, 2Xc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-26c. Philadelphia, Pa., Peb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-l.ic ; fancy amber. 8-9c.: No. 1, 8o.; fancy dark. 7-8c, Extracted, white, 5-7c.; amber, 4-5c.; dark, 3^4-4c. Beeswax, 2oc. Season Is getting over for com b honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. New York, H. Y,Apr, 10.— White comb. lOSllc: amber, 8<39c.; dark. 6c. Ther Is a fairly good demand for comb honey vet, and It keeps coming In small lots. Extracted is quiet at unchanged prices. The demand tor Buckwheat extracted has ceast, and nci more sale for it. Beeswax Is quiet at 26@27c. Cincinnati, Ohio, Aur. 9, — Demand Is 6lo lor all kinds of honey, with a fair suo- ply. Comb honey, 10(af.3c. for best grades; extracted, SwaOc. There Is a fair home de- mand for beeswax, wlih a fair supply, at 22® 2oc. for good to choice yellow. Kansas City, Mo,, Apr. 10,— No. 1 white, 12@i3c.; fancy amber, a(ai2c.: No. 1 amber, loailc. ; fancy dark, 9@10c.; No. 1 dark, 8@ 9c. Extracted, white, 5@o!c!'tcan Uee J' ur>iai, PATENT WIRED COMB FOUHDATIOH A Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Inv Thin Flat-Bottom FoundatioD f ISCf Has So Fishbone Id tbe Ssrpliu Bone;. eight times. I mowed the weeds off once in the summer. The second was sowed in a strip a rod or so wide, starting at the plowing ou one side of the road under some large trees, and ending just inside a pasture. The other was sowed in a Nebraska tree claim that had not been cultivated for some years, and grown up to sunflowers. Now for the result: They were all about alike, all sprouted and came up very scat- tering, grew very spindling, and all died before fall. Some 25 miles from here, near old Fort Kearney, on the Platte bottom, it grows without any coaxing, and has taken pos- session of the roadbeds, and got into some parts in spits of a bitter fight on the part of the farmers. I sowed Alsike a few days before the sweet clover, and have a nice stand in the tree rows of my orchard. My bees have wintered well, in 8. 10. 12, and 16 frame dovetail hives, on the summer stands, put in rows 0 inches apart, with the entrances left open, packt with chaff, and a load of straw on top of each 10 hives. J. T. Kellie. Kearney Co.. Nebr., April 3. Fralt Sncccss.-The success of the fruit- grower of the present time depends more largely upon the appearance arid quality of the fruit itself than anything elsn. Gnarled, knotty fruit, or that which shows the effect of Insect workiusrs. must be sold at a very low price, if it finds a market at all. Uneven and scrawny bunches of grapes, which show the effects of Philoxera or other funtrold diseases, lose money to their grower. The sickly. In- sipid or blltor peaches and plums, which In- dicate yellows, mildew, black-knot. etc.. find poor sale at any price. Practically the same is true of berries and small fruits. It is only the beat fruit that escapes the keenest oom- BelDB tbe cleaneflt la asnallr workeii the qalckest of any Foandatlon made J. VAN DEISEN A- SONS, gole Manafactnrers, BproQt Brook MootKomerr Co., M. 7. Mentkra the American Bee Journals petition and flnds a ready market. The man who does not grow the best fruit Is not living up to his lull privilege. This is an easy ac- complishment by the employment of correct methods, and that embraces complete and thorough spraying of all vines, plants and trees. For this purpose the outfit which is here Illustrated will be found very complete and »ffijlent. It is the "Bordeaux" iirass Garden and Spray Pump, especlall}- designed for spraying In gardens, greenhouses, and among small fruits, and is manulactured by the Goulds Mfg. Co , Seneca Falls. N. Y. They make a full line of spraying goods which are fully described and Illustrated In their free liook on " How and When to Spray." Write them for a copy at once, not forgetting to say you saw their advertisement In the American Bee Journal. Illinois — The spring meeting of the Nor- thern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Aseociation will be held Tuesday, May 18, at tbe residence of H. W. Lee. at Pecatonlca. 111. All are cordi- ally Invited to attend. Means of conveyance will be at the station for the benctif of those coming on trains. B. Kennedy, Sec. New Mllford. 111. Connecllcul.— The 0th annual meetlngof the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association will beheld at thecapllolat Hartford. .May 5, at 10:.'ioa.m. Let all Interested In bee-culture m-ike an extra effort to be present. Waterbury, Conn, Mrs. W, E. Rilet, Sec, 256 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. April 22, 1897. M a^ M H A Copy of L U L t Successful i!ee-Keenin<];, r n ■ r ""y ^^- ^ Hutchinson : I 1 1 k k and our ISOT Catalog, lor 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalos tor the Axliiii!; We make almost Kvei yililii££ used by Bee-Kceperw, and at LowuRt Frices. Olei Falcon Polisht Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply find roughly made Goods, when you can have tlie best— siicli as ive make. Tlie Ainericaii Bee - Keeper Lmonihly. now iu its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. t AMPLE tiiEE— Address, TBEW.T.FALCOiMMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of .=.0 hives, S-'iO for the best 100 Danz. sections •• 25 '• 2.T " 50 " 20 •' 20 '• 40 •• 10 '• 10 •' 20 " 5 " 5 •• 10 •' FW~ Further particulars regarding the rre- mimums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, turnisht on applica- tion. Address, Francis llaiizenbaker, Medina, Oliio. Care The A.I. Hoot Company. I AEISE rpo SAY to the readers X of the BEE JOURNAL that DOO LITTLE bafl concluded to sell -BEES and gUKENS— tn their season. Uurlny 1897, at thefoUowtnc prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in IlKhtflhippinB-box $600 Kive Colonies 2500 Ten Colonies.. .. 45 00 1 untested queen, l oo 6 " queens 12 " 1 tested Queeo... S " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 1 6 3 " " iilainH tsvtiryiliiiik' iiertiuiiinu to I'oiil- '•> in full PRICES RbDUCED on i-t I'rizo Winners und J'>kkh. I'uslimid ,111 receipt ollficoiitH, if you write now. JOHN BAUS^HEB, Jr., Box H Freepoit, 111. Mention tht American Bu Journal '''^ Dadant's Foundation '''^ Year Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IX 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent Weed Process of Sbeeting-. Seii«l I^aine lor Onr C'alalog;, Sampler of Foiintlation and Veil material. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. ■ — . — ^ CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. m eMowiO'Me m e-MowioMf 1 1 Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : 'So. 1 CrcBin. 500 for $1.00 1000 for a.OO 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Pricc-I.ii«t <>r Seclioii§, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zine, Ete., Sent on application. oAjot MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. No. 1 Snow-Wliite. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6.75 EOOT'S GOODS ! ♦^^^^^ Il^° Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Now. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply " out of sight." Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896. Samples of the New Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Maiu Office, MEDINA, O. BR,A.lSrCtI OFFICES : IM IVlichi^un St., CliioHso, III. Syracuse, IV. \. 10t2't Miss. Sir., St. Paul, iTIinn. Bleclianie Falls, Maine. 10 Vine SI., Pliiladelpliia, Pa. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 29, 1897. No. 17. A Full Description of the " Dadaut Hive." BY C. P. DADANT. We have received the following questions concerning the hive we use : " Will you please give me through the columns of the American Bee Journal, the dimensions of the large hive you use? Also, does the brood-chamber have to be reduced with dummies during the honey-flow, and to what extent? — H." The large hive that we use, and which has been called the " Dadant Hive," altho it is only a modification of the original Langstroth-Qulnby hive, is intended for our climate. A num- ber of its features make it desirable in this cold region, and we believe a great part of our success with bees is due to the greater safety with which we can winter bees in the open air with such a hive. The frames are deeper than the regular Laugstroth-Slmpllclty frame, and can therefore allow of more honey over the cluster. This is quite a point, for, altho it is well known that bees do move sidewise, in very cold weather, to reach the honey, yet in test winters, in such winters as we have had, in which half of the bees in the country perish, it Is often noticeable that many colonies die with honey only a few inches from them on the same comb, because the cold is so in- tense that they cannot reach it after they have consumed ev- erything above the cluster. This hive is not a cheap hive, and therefore will never be popular. But it has one advantage — It may be manufactured easily by any one with the least knowledge of carpenter work, and without other tools than a square, saw, hammer, and two or three planes. At the present day, it looks as if inventors of new hives took particular pains to get up some contrivance that can only be manufactured in factories and with special tools. This hive is not patented in any of its features and is consequently free to all, without royalty or farm right. In truth, there are no features in it that would be patentable. Fig. 1 shows the diagram of the hive. The two support- ing cross-blocks on the underside are now made to lie length- wise instead of crosswise, as in the engraving, and give a support to the slanting apron-board in front. The size of the blocks is 2x4x28 Inches, cut slanting in front. They may be done away with and replaced by light cleats ; but we prefer to have our hives pretty well off the ground, in this way. The bottom-board is cut crosswise of the hive, and made of raatcht lumber — size 17'nx24 inches. In giving the dimensions we take it that the lumber used of ordinary one-inch thickness has been drest down to 13/16. If it is desirable to make the hive last as long as a colony of bees can occupy it, the underside of the bottom and the blocks may be painted with heated coal-tar. We painted some 40 hives in this manner in 1870 — 2i years ago — and those bottom-boards are all good yet. One would imagine that the smell of the coal-tar would cause the bees to leave, but such is not the case. If the tar Is heated before it is applied, It soaks so well into the wood and dries so thoroughly that but little smell is noticeable after a few weeks. By looking at Fig. 2, the reader will notice that the hive is made so as to fit the bottom inside of it on the sides and back, the sides being rabetted and the back doubled. This fitting serves two or three purposes. In the first place, as a hive Is always supposed to slant slightly forward, the sides and back efficiently shed the water froTi the bottom-board which is kept at all times perfectly dry. The double joint that it makes, keeps out insects most thoroughly. Another advan- tage is that there can be no admittance of cold air through the back, since it is double and at break joints. These matters may be of small importance, but, as Heddon said, "Bee-cul- ture is a business of details." It Is these small points that save the weak colonies, and we believe it is far better to have less hives and better ones, than to have a big stock of boxes that are constantly getting filled by swarming, and getting empty again — by winter losses, owing to bad joints ; by rob- bing, from the same cause; by starvation, from not having room enough for a good supply of stores, etc. If our bees are worth taking care of, let us do it right. The apron, C, Is intended to help the heavily laden bees Fig. 1 — Diagram of Dadant Hive. — From Laiigstroth Revised. that have mist their footing, to gain the entrance without hav- ing to take flight again, and It also keeps the grass and weeds away from the entrance, if the bee-keeper happens to over- look his hives for a few days in warm, weed-growing weather. The size of this apron is 7x17M inches ; body of hive, D, D, front and rear, 12!ixl6M ; rabbets at top to support frames, }4x}4, unless a metal frame-spacer is used as in the "St. Joe" hive, when the rabbet may bo a little deeper. Sides of body, 2 pieces 13x21, rabbeted at the bottom as in Fig. 2. Depth of rabbet H ; width 5/16. F, rear board used as stated before, to shed water and 258 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29, shelter the back ; size. 13x18M- E, entrance, 8xp^. If wide lumber is scarce, the sides of the hives may be made of matcht lumber, care being taken to break joints and to turn them so as to shed water. H, strip Ja'. These may be made 1 inch longer and halved into the sides to nail both ways, and the same thing may be done with the body. Top of cap, flat, 21x'25 inches. Wo make this of matcht lumber, and use a roof over the hive made of rough boards to shed the rain and shelter the hive from the sun. A well-palntod hive, sheltered in this way, should last till the combs are too old to be of any use— 30 years or more. Extracting super : sides, two pieces, (i%x21 ; ends, two pieces, 6%xl(j, rabbeted for frame shoulders the same as the body. This makes the extractlng-super }4 inch narrower than the lower story, so the cap fits over it readily. Ten frames only are used in the super and ton frames and one division- board in the body. IJody frames : Top-bar, 1 Vx20;4, triangular or square as desired; shoulder at each end 1"^. End-bars, two pieces, %xi^xllJi. Bottom-bar, 13/16x>ixl8. Ex- Bee-Stiugs Cure Toothache and Rheumatism. BY S. A. DEACON. I used to be a martyr to toothache, but since I have been engaged in bee-keeping I have often congratulated myself up- on a comparative immunity from this, one of the most terri- ble of all the ills to which human flesh is heir. Owing to prolonged drought, I have fust very little lately with the bees, my son doing what little required to be done amongst the hives ; and where being stung, and that sev- eral times, was an almost daily and unheeded occurrence, it is now several months since I have had a sting ; and lately I have been suffering agonies from aching old stumps and newly de- caying teeth, and a glass containing a solution of carbonate of soda — the only thing, I find, that gives relief — was, day and night, never beyond my reach. One night, recently — about 8 days ago — when just dozing off to sleep, another and almost forgotten enemy, in the shape of sharp, rheumatic pains in the legs, suddenly made Its reap- pearance. The teeth had a respite, meantime, as tho the same pain had descended into the lower limbs, so that tho in great agony, I could not resist saying to my son — whom my groans had awakened, and who called to know if my teeth were troub- ling me more than usual — that the infernal pains had shifted 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 259 their pivot, and that I was now suffering from a terrible at- tack of toothache In the legs ! The pains not having subsided much by the following morning, and we having frequently read in the columns of the American Uee Journal of the almost magical effects of small, hypodermic injections of formic acid, in the shape of bee-stings, in allaying rheumatic pains, I resolved to try old Mr. Blobbs' plan, so humorously illustrated in the Bee Jour- nal of Nov. 23, 1893. To that end I donned ray face-veil, encased my hands in a pair of woolen socks,and bared my suf- iering legs, holding the latter in front of a hive while my son roused and irritated the inmates. I stood it bravely for awhile, till, like old Blobbs, I had to scoot for dear life ! How- ever, to make a long story short, the pains subsided at onrc, and I have had Immunity from both them and the tooOuwhc ever since ! I am still too far from the edge of the wood to whistle ; tho, should either of the friends return to a renewal of the attack. Dr. A. Mellifica is always within reach. I am prompted to relate this experience by a feeling of philanthropy, that other sufferers may be enabled to adopt the same remedy. The stings act as a counter-irritant, and the remedy Is far quicker, less troublesome, and more cleanly than would be a blister, embrocation, or a mustard poultice ; and, what is more, in my opinion, far more efficacious and lasting in its effects than any of these. I do not believe it to be necessary, in case of neuralgia or toothache, that the stings should be inflicted just in the neighborhood of the seat of pain, but that placing, say the hand and bare arm, in close proximity to a disturbed hive would do the business quite effectually. We even know — or perhaps some of us do — that a remedy frequently had recourse to for toothache, is to tie a mustard poultice over the thumb, and that on the opposite sjde, or hand, to that of the jaw in which the enemy is quartered. Tho I may some day perhaps give up bee-keeping as a pursuit adopted as a means of procuring butter for my bread, I shall certainly always find a nook in garden or yard for a hive of bees, so' as to have Dr. Apis Mellifica always on hand. I hope others similarly affected will give the cure a trial and report. Perhaps Dr. Peiro will kindly explain the why and the wherefore, and tell us in what way formic acid acts on the nerves and blood. South Africa. Chunk Honey — Quilts for Bees. BY MRS. L. C. AXTELL. S. M. S., of Knox Co., Nebr., asks what he should do with his brood-combs filled with honey, some of it candied. If it is white and new, or has not been used by the bees for rearing young, or is not full of pollen, etc., I should cut it up into nice square chunks, put it in a new milkpan and take it to a grocery, or sell it or exchange it for groceries, or exchange it at the meat market for meat, taking a due-bill for the pan and honey, and weekly, as I wanted the meat, get only what I wanted from time to time, and set it down on the due-bill until all was traded out. Our meat man buys our chunk honey readily this way. When he sells he puts a pound or more in the little wooden butter or lard dishes, and sells with the honey. He does Dot object to handling our honey in that way. Often the neighbors will prefer to buy it cut out of sec- tions, because they have no wood to buy when they buy directly of us. We never have any trouble to work off all such chunk honey. Grocerymen generally think or say it is too dauby to handle, and will not readily take hold of it until the combs in sections are sold out; after that, rather than be without, they will take hold of it and sell. But to have them sell fast, we must pay them a cent or two for handling. MATERIAL FOR QUILTS FOR BKES. After years of experience with coverings for bees in win- ter, I have come to the conclusion that common, coarse sheet- ing— the coarsest we can get — is cheaper than burlap or duck, as it i.* much wider and cheaper, and bees will cover either over with propolis in two or three winters, so we need to have a clean one. Then, farther, I go to some one in the nearest village and ask them to let me pick over some of their heavy paper rags, such as old carpets, quilts, pant, coats and vests — these I get by the pound very cheap (generally one cent), and I fold them and lay on top of them clean cotton cloth, and then If the bees eat through the cloth, or if the cloth is old, and has some holes in it, they do not drag the chaff down among the bees, and I put on enough of such thick quilts to make the bees much warmer than the light chaff. As far as I have time I cut and fit over those old clothes Into square quilts, by piec- ing, sewing, and tacking together, until now we have enough for all our 150 hives. I never put them on the hive without a cotton cloth underneath, because I do not want them cov- ered with propolis ; and 1 do not line them with the new cloth because when the cloth gets coverpd with propolis I want a new one, and if the old clothes (unless strong cloth) are laid directly on the frames, bees will tear them to pieces. As soon as the chaff is taken out of the hives, these old cloths and quilts and cotton cloths are laid away, carefully spread out and piled up smooth. If thrown loosely in a pile, when wanted the following season, they are not so quickly put upon the hives, and the sheets stick together with the propolis, and it takes considerable time to pull them out straight. Ever so much time is saved if everything is cared for and kept in readiness to use when wanted. Often, when these old things are taken out they look so useless. I knew of one woman who wanted to bi;rn all such. One is tempted not to carefully save them altogether, and then we have a big time to hunt for them when wanted. Warren Co, 111. The Detestable Bee-Space Severely Arraigned. BY " COM.MOM-SENSE BEE-KEEPING." Among the fruitful causes of success in bee-keeping, the centralization of heat is the cltlef poiiit to be observed. I would not "stick a pin there," but I would plant a post on that point as big as the largest tree in the Yosemite Valley, and tall enough to be seen by the bee-keepers all over the world; be- cause it may be claimed without fear of successful contradic- tion, that it is the main point in bee-keeping. First, for a fruitful brood-chamber ; second, for rich results in surplus honey ; and third, for success in solving the wintering problem. I believe that the bee-space craze has killed thousands of bushels of bee-brood in the comb, in the spring, as well as many more mature bees between the combs in the winter. Do you ask, " How ?" I answer: — by preparing the hive for the sudden contraction of the cluster, which uncovers the brood-nest in the spring when the weather changes from the intensely warm midday sunlight to the cold and shriveling storms so common to the spring season, which blow the cold breath of Death into the bee-hive, by puffing away the heat of the brood-nest, and scattering it through the bee-spaces around and above the brood-frames to the farther corners of the hive, to condense and waste, while shivering bees huddle together to avoid the chilling draft, prompted by the instinct for self-preservation of life, ( which is the first law in all ani- mal nature), leaviug the outer portions of the brood-nest un- covered for the brood to chill and die ; which they need not have done had it not been for the ventilation caused by the bee-space which forces the hovering cluster to contract and expose a portion of their young to perish. The bee-spaces act in the same way in a hive that a dozen or more holes would act in the bottom of a hen's nest — while the faithful mother hen might be doing her best to hatch her eggs, all of the time that the holey old nest was cooling them down under her, and spoiling them. And it is just as plain to see that the same cause and principle would work similar un- happy results when the heat in the bees' brood-nest full of eggs is disturbed by the cooling influence of the ventilating draft encouraged by the open bee-spaces around and above the nest full of bees' eggs. The voice of Nature demands the concentration and reten- tion of heat in the brood-nest, and if her demand is disregard- ed. Death will walk into the bee-hive, and claim every naked body he may find uncovered to blow his cold breath upon. Close up the bee-space around and above the brood-chamber aud keep him out. The bee-space may be handy for the bee-keeper's fingers, but it is bad for his pocket in still another way. What a din there has been for many years over the ques- tion of "how to make the bees work in the sections;" when, it; fact, if the right conditions of proximity and heat exist you can't keep the bees out of the sections when they have surplus honey to store ; but we have been putting a discouraging con- dition between the sections aud the brood-nest, by interposing bee-space arrangements, single, double, and triple, alonf? with hook-and-cruok honey-boards with bracket edges, queen- excluding, doublebreak-joint, joint and put-outof-joint clap- trap arrangements, ad inftnitiun — ti-o-n, tion — t-y-ty, and so on. And these are just what my bees have objected to till I have pitcht them out of my apiary — not the bees, but the spaces, and some other clink traps which are like the Yankee's razors — " Good to sell, but not fit to use ;" and I adopted some- 260 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr- 29, thing a good deal handier and more perfectly adapted to the instinct and other conditions of the bee's nature, and here is the secret of the matter with my solution of the same : The bees cannot work in any part of the hive where there is not heat enough to keep the wax sufficiently soft to make it weld readily when they wish to work it ; hence they will not store honey nor make comb till the heat in the upper part of the hive can be maintained up to a certain degree. Now watch out, for we are approaching the reason why bees will do better sometimes in a box-hive than they will in a hive with bee-spaces all through it, because the heat to soften the wax must come from the brood-chamber, in the early part of the reason, at least. Now notice that when the heat commences to rise in a hive fully provided with bee-spaces, it is carried up by the draft through and around the brood-nest, even when the brood-nest is not warm enough to spare it, and is taken by a side draft through the open spaces above to the vacant cor- ners of the hive where it cools, condenses, and falls, and re- turns in the circuit to continue the same cooling process on the brood-nest, and to retard both the warming of the brood- nest and the sections. So that the booming of the colony in the spring is by this means deprest, and the storing of the honey kept back, until the lateness of the season will furnish heat to help the colony to overcome the chilling influence of the bee-space ; but by that time, in many cases, the flow of honey is past, and the poor bee-keeper wonders why his bees did not give him a nice yield of surplus honey, without even guessing that the handy bee-space was largely to blame for his failure by opposing the centralization of heat at a time when and in the place where surplus honey should have been put. Another barrier against the centralization of heat in the sections is that form of section which has all four sides cut to admit of the passage of the bees from one to the other all around, for it also admits of the passage of the heat away from where it should be retained to encourage the bees to work at the warmest point in the sections. The writer employs a hive with closed-end frames, full depth (similar to Heddon's frame, but not the same in several respects), which excludes the side bee-space. The frames have %-inch top-bars and ?i-inch space between them on pur- pose to obliterate as much as possible the distinction between the brood-nest and the sections, for the bees like to store honey as near the brood as possible, and it is an outrage of their nature to force them to do otherwise. Then the pound sections are tightly bound together and rest flat on the top-bars of the brood-frames to the utter ex- clusion of every crack of bee-space above the bees. These sections are wedged in a case which is built to prevent the escape or distribution of the heat from directly over the frames from which it comes. This is accomplisht by arrang- ing the sections so that they will set, respectively, crosswise of the brood-frames, so that it will be readily seen that their communicating together will form several tunnels ^\-s.'^'^i inches large, and extending lengthwise along the top-bars, which will retain the heat that gets in them and directly in- duce the bees to come up there and work. Sooner or later I have used several of the leading kinds of hives in America, and I believe that this plan more nearly approaches the compact solidity of the box-hive to accommo- date the instinct of the bees, than any other. And while it is just as easily opened, and the frames just as easily separated as with the hives where the hanging frames and the bee- spaces are employed, I believe it is equal to the superior box- hive in three particulars where the hanging-frame and the bee-space hive come far short of it, viz.: 1st, in successful wintering; 2nd, in booming the colony In the spring; and 3rd, in the early storing of honey in the top of the hive. Pennsylvania. ImprovemeHt on the Hive-Cortier, Etc. BY GEO. W. BBODBKCK. The one weak point in the construction of the Dovetailed hive is quite noticeable In this country, due to the extreme heat warping any part that is not securely nailed. The old method of construction, where the end-piece at the top corner, forming the rabbet fails to Join on to the sides, consequently warping, and resulting In a small bee-entrance at the corners. To remedy this defect I devised an extension of the end cor- ners as per Illustration, which permits proper nailing. All California hives are now patterned after this improvement. I have never applied for a patent on this, consequently all are free to use it. FOLLOWER AT THE END OF THE SUPER. This will be the third season that I have used a section super with a follower at the end of the sections in addition to the one on the side. This permits wedging from the end as well as the side, and aside from lessening the possibility of propolizing the edges, the sections are perfectly true. To wedge up I cut two V grooves in the end-piece and side of the super, using a V wedge. I use pattern-slats without the cus- tomary end-pieces, and can thus handle them readily, and, whenever they sag, simply turn them over. EASY WAY OF TRANSFERRING BEES. I have used various methods of transferring, but have given the following the preference, but these directions will only be applicable to those who have bees in frame hives : If the bees to be transferred are in a common box and the combs have not been built down to the bottom, cut the box An Improved Dovetailed Hive-Comer. down to the depth of the comb, then turn the box bottom side up, and put spacing-sticks between the combs to prevent con- tact with each other, then place one of the standard hive bodies on top, closing up all surplus openings on the sides or ends. Now go to a colony of bees and remove a frame of honey, and one containing eggs and larvaj, placing this in the vacant body over the box, filling up with drawn comb or foun- dation. In a few days, if you keep watch, you will find the queen in the upper story, when you quietly slip a queen- excluder between this part and the old box, and in 21 days you can remove the lower part and dispose of the comb as you see fit. As a precautionary measure, I would advise one not to fail to cut a bee-entrance in the old box before reversing, so that the location will be in the same place as the previous one. I also find this a 'very simple method to make use of in transferring from odd-sized frames. You avoid exciting the bees (and yourself as well), prevent any likelihood of robbing, and, in fact, dispense witli everything that makes transferring disagreeable. Los Angeles Co., Cal. #«es Report of the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Convention BY JAS. A. STONE, SEC. (Continued from page 246.] The committee on State Fair reported as follows, which was adopted : REPORT OF THE STATE FAIR COMMITTEE. To the Illinois State Bee-Keepers^ Association : We, the Fair Committee, hereby submit the following report : The committee met in December, 1895, and drew up a premium list aggregating $284, an increase of !531 over that of the year before. This was presented to the Board of Agri- culture at their meeting early in January, IS'.Ml, and was adopted. In September we met the Committee of the Board to apportion space for exhibits in the Dome Building, and secured the northwest corner of the gallery. This space was 189) THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 261 fully occupied, and the south wall almost to the doorway be- sides. We thus succeeded in getting the exhibits groupt much better than the previous year. The actual space occupied was about 83 per cent, greater at the Fair of 1896 than at that of 1895. Theexhibits were greatly increast In every department, and there were exhibi- tors from Indiana, Michigan, and Iowa, besides those from our own State. For a verdict as to the success of the apiarian show, we need only to refer to the free and unsolicited testimonials of the officials of the Board themselves. They not only ex- prest themselves as being very well pleased with the exhibits, but offered to increase the offerings for premiums, and give us a more desirable location for our exhibits at the next Fair. Mr. Cater, Superintendent of the Apiarian Department, had encouraged us to ask for two separate premium schedules — one to be limited to exhibitors within the State, the other to be open to the world. The committee met on Jan. 12 (the day the Board of Agriculture held its regular meeting), and in obedience to that idea formed the two schedules, amounting in the aggregate to $464, and submitted to the Board, which were duly adopted. The committee found it devolved upon them to do this rather than postpone the matter until after this convention, as the Board proposed to get to work upon their premium list at once, and such postponement would make it too late to get our new list schedule in. One feature of the last two years' work has been to try the merits of the rules for judging the exhibits, and we can safely say they have past the experimental stage, and have proven a decided success. They furnish at the same time standards toward which exhibitors may work, and by which the judge may award the premiums. They bring order out of chaos, and make judgments more just. We trust experience has Indicated whatever imperfections there may be in the rules themselves. With a view to correcting these Imperfec- tions, the committee lately undertook their revision, and the result of their labor is herewith submitted. Geo. F. Robbins, \ C. Beckek, \ Committee. W. J. Finch, ) RULES FOB AWARDING ALL PREMIUMS RELATING TO APICULTURE Rule I. — Each entry shall be scored upon its merits in each and every respect In which it can be scored, according to the formulas given below. Rule II. — The entry which is best in any respect shall be taken as the standard and be scored the highest number of points allowed in that respect, and all other entries competing for the same premium shall be markt in proportion to their merits when compared with the standard. Rule III. — Entries ranking equally in any respect shall be scored equally in that respect. Rule IV. — The entries scoring the highest aggregated number of points shall receive the premiums in their respec- tive order. Rule V. — The awarding judge shall mark all scores on the score cards f urnisht for the purpose, and shall leave the said score cards with the said scores markt upon them, with the Secretary of the State Fair Association. Rule VI. — The standard package for comb honey shall be sections holding about one pound. Rule VII. — The standard color for beeswax shall be a pale yellow. Rule VIII. — Every exhibitor who enters honey-plants shall furnish a correct list of their common names to the awarding judge. Rule IX. — All nuclei which do not contain queens shall be barred. Rule X. — All plants that are not recognized honey-plants shall be barred from the exhibit. Rule XI. — All bees and queens shall be on public exhibi- tion from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. each day of the Fair, and failure to comply with this rule shall bar the exhibit from competi- tion, or shall cause the exhibitor to forfeit the premium. Rule XII. — Upon the affidavit of two or more exhibitors the Superintendent of this department shall order the with- holding of any premium which has been forfeited according to these rules. Rule XII. — The standard marking for bees shall be as follows : 1. Dark Italian bees shall show three distinct yellow bands. 2. bands. 3. Golden Italian bees shall show four or more yellow abdomen. CarDiolaD bees shall show rings of gray hairs on the 4. Cyprian bees shall show at least three yellow bands, and an orange-colored spot on the thorax. 5. Albino bees shall show at least three light yellow bands and a ring of white hair on the abdomen. 6. Black bees shall show plain black abdomens. fCOHE CARD. Class Lot Bees and Honey Premium No. Entry No. COMB HONEY. Quantity [pounds] 40 Display [arrangement and attractiveness] 20 Flavor 10 Condition of the capping [free from travel-stain and water-soakt arpearance] 15 Completeness of the capping- 5 lllllDg 5 Uniformity of the comb 5 EXTRACTED H0NE7, Quantity [pounds] 40 Display [arrangement and attractiveness] 20 Flavor 10 Variety of kinds of honey 5 Clearness of color 5 Body 5 Style of package 5 Variety " 5 Finish " 5 GRANULATED HOKET. Quantity [pounds] 40 Display [arrangement and attractiveness] 20 Flavor 10 Solidity 5 Variety of kinds of honey 5 Fineness of grain 5 Style of package 5 Variety " 5 Finish " 5 BEESWAX. Quantity [pounds] 40 Display [arrangement and attractiveness] 20 Purity 20 Color [pale yellow] 20 NUCLEI OF BEES. Color and markings 60 Condition 10 Brood, all stages 10 Neatness of hive 10 •' comb 10 QUEEN-BEES. Quantity [number] 40 M arklngs 30 Condition - • 10 Variety of strains 10 Display [arrangement and attractiveness] — 10 HONEY-PLANTS. Quantity — number 60 Display —arrangement and attractiveness 20 Mounting 20 A motion prevailed to continue the Sate Fair Committee. Mr. Finch, having moved away so far, resigned from the com- mittee, and the President, with the approval of the Associa- tion, appointed in his stead the Secretary. A motion prevailed that the committee on State Fair petition the State Board of Agriculture for a space on the lower floor of the Dome Building, as the committee may arrange. Mr. Becker was called In the discussion on Dr. Miller's paper. He did not understand why it was that sweet clover should be so much spoken against, when so many weeds that were of no use were allowed to grow along the highways with- out interruption. We might just as well have all the waste places along the lanes and branches sown with something that would be of value to us, as for useless weeds to grow there, that will scatter their seeds in the wind and otherwise all over the country. He advocated the sowing of sweet clover in all the places that were vacant. A motion that our Association, through the Executive Committee, ask for an appropriation of SoOO from the State, was carried. A motion was carried that the Secretary request the mem- bers and bee-keepers of the State, through the American Bee Journal, to help get through the Legislature the Pure Food Bill (House Bill No. 192), believing that It will All all the re- quirements of a Bill to prevent the adulteration of honey. Next came a paper by Mr. C. P. Dadant, on WHAT CAN THE GENERAL BEE-KEEPER DO TO IMPROVE HIS STOCK ? In the first place he must Italianize. The superiority of the Italian bees has been conceded long ago, and the Italian!- 262 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29, zation of an apiary is the sine qua non of progress, as far as bees are concerned. Some bee-keepers claim the palm of superiority for the Carniolan, or for the Cyprian ; but we can- not agree to this. The Carniolan is a black bee, and the fact that a cross between it and our common bee cannot be readily detected is an insuperable objection to them. The Cyprian is too cross for anybody. To improve our stock we must improve the breeders. We must select the father and the mother. In bees, selecting the father seems an impossibility ; but we can make use of our control of the apiary to at least decrease the number of drones in the hives that we do not want, and increase them in those of our selection. This is done readily by removing the drone- comb from the inferior colonies, and placing enough for a good supply of drones, in some of our best colonies. The selec- tion of the mother is much more easy. Naturally the best colonies will swarm and rear good queens by the law of the survival of the fittest ; but our best colonies are also our best honey-producers, and if we want both bees and honey, we must resort to artificial breeding of queens, and division. It seems to me that in the above words I have outlined enough for a three days' discussion, and will now ask the members to do the rest. C. P. Dadant. Mr. Black — There has not been a crop of honey in my neighborhood for five years, and in such a case it did not mat- ter what one did, he would get no honey. During that time all the flowers seemed to be a failure — did not secrete any honey. My stock has run down to two or three colonies. I would like to know why it is that some years one or two of the colonies do all the increasing for the apiary, aud the others diminish more than they increase. And some of the bees that are the poorest honey-gatherers, and have the least honey to protect, will follow me a mile to get to sting me. Mr. Becker— Shall we offer a premium on bees that will follow a man a mile to sting him 7 I think we ought to en- courage a stock of bees that are docile. Mr. Black — I think my bees that are the most gentle gather the most honey. Mr. Chaney — I think the committee ought to encourage premiums on none but Italians. About all the bees in our part of the State that have survived the poor years have been Italians, or crost with the same. The following resolution presented by Mr. Black, was adopted : Resolved, By the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, that we ask that House Bill 192, entitled " An Act to provide against the adulteration of food and drugs, and the manufac- ture and sale of either food or drugs from imperfectly developt or damaged materials as standard articles," be enacted into a law; believing that the enactment will be for the best interest of the State. It was voted that the Secretary be authorized to present a copy of this resolution to the member who offered the Bill, and to the chairman of the committees before whom it may come. Mr. Chaney read a letter from a friend in Missouri, who wanted to know what killed his bees. He had fed them quite late in the fall, and they died in the winter with plenty of honey in their hives. Mr. Robbins — I think that fall feeding is in danger of stimulating the queen to laying that is sure to cause a bad result. Mr. Becker — 1 think the man named in the letter killed his bees by feeding. The feeding caused the bees to scatter to get the honey as they wanted it for use, and gather in small groups, and in this condition the cold caught and killed them. Mr. Black — I have had loss of bees that were late fed, and I think it was because the honey was not properly cured, (Concluded next week.) A Picw Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Pull printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are Invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get it yearly. « » » The BIcISToy Foul Brood Xreatment is iglven In Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational "Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every ijee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. CONDUCTED BY UR. O. O. MILLER, MARETiGO. ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller dlrect.1 Mating and Laj'tng of Voung Queens. How soon after a swarm issues will the young queen left in the old colony be mated and laying ? P. K. Answer. — Somewhere in the neighborhood of 16 to 18 days. Sometimes the Issuing of the prime swarm is delayed by bad weather, and in that case the time may be consider- ably shortened. It may also be a good deal lengthened in case the swarm issues with no queen-cell present, or with those but slightly advanced. Dead Bees in Combs, Etc. 1. In looking over my bees to-day, I found one colony that had a good many dead bees in two combs. The bees crawled into the combs and died, and are still there. Now will the bees take out those dead ones ? The colony is quite strong in bees now, and they are just beginning to fly some every day now. They have plenty of stores. 2. I should think I took out one quart of dead bees. What do you think made so many die in that colony, and not any of any account in the other near it? They were all in chaff hives on the summer stands. Concord, N. H. Answers. — 1. A good colony of bees will make sure work of cleaning all dead bees out of combs. If, however, you have a comb full of dead bees that happens not to be in care of the bees, you may be able to have the dead bees cleaned out by leaving the comb where mice can get to it, only see that they don't carry their work too far and tear down the comb. If kept in a place very dry, the bees may largely be shaken out of the cells. 2. There is nothing alarming in the case. One colony may show more dead bees than another because having more old bees. One queen may stop laying earlier than another, thus making a larger proportion of old bees. Sometimes you'll find twice as many dead bees in one hive as another, when the real loss in each has been the same. For some reason one colony has cleaned out all the dead bees, and the other has left them mostly lying on the floor of the hive. Wants to Prevent Swarming;. I have 23 colonies. Previously they have been at my father's, but I wish to take care of them myself this year. I would like to keep them from swarming, and have not time or strength to look them over enough to keep the queen-cells cut off; audi can only keep about 25 colonies, as I have not room for more than that at a convenient distance from the house. 1. Will it do to give them plenty of super room, put on zinc honey-boards, and fasten strips of queen-excluding zinc over the entrance, until after the swarming season is over? 2. In case the laying queen was killed how long would I have to leave the zinc off the entrance for the new queen to fly ? And how long would it defer brood-rearing ? 3. How often would I have to examine the brood-frames In order to tell whether the fertile or a young queen is left ? I would consider it a favor if you will answer these ques- tions direct to me Instead of through the Bee Journal, as I wish to know at your earliest conveuience. Olmsted Co., Minn. Answers.— One of the discomforts of my life is to get a letter with a postage stamp in It. Whenever I get one of that kind I know it contains questions about bees, with a request to send the answers by private letter. And It is simply im- possible for me to comply, altho it may look to the sender that I am very unaccommodating. If I should answer one I should 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 263 aDswer all, and my time would be largely taken up in that way. To refuse an answer In a single case may seem hardly the right thing, but when it comes to talcing up in that way an entire day or two each week, it's sopiewhat different. I'm not a gentleman of leisure, but am kept very busy with the work of three apiaries and more side-shows than I can well manage. Please send all the questions about bees you like, and I'll do my best to answer so far as I know enough, but alwdyn 7iame the pai)cr for which I write, in which you want to see replies. 1. The shortest answer is that it won't work. At least I have failed to make anything of the kind work satisfactorily. One trouble is, that at the time of swarming queens will get through the perforated zinc, and off goes a swarm. Yes, I know that it's generally considered that a queen cannot get through perforated zinc, but you let them get the swarming craze, and you may find out differently. At no other time perhaps will the queen-excluder fail, for at no other time will the queen make such desperate attempts to get through. Another trouble is that half a dozen swarms will get into one huge cluster, hang for hours and sulk, then perhaps ail go into one hive, unless indeed some virgin queen gets into the lot and goes off with them. It's barely possible you may find it to work differently with you; but what I have mentioned is about the way with me. 2. You may count that the laying queen would be killed, with rare exceptions. It isn't a question how long you could leave off the zinc, for whenever you find it safe to leave it off for a day, you may feel safe in leaving it off altogether. It will not do to leave off the zinc till all the queens but one are killed. Then you can leave it off altogether. 3. It will hardly be necessary to examine them at all. If the old queen is still in the hive after the time she wants to swarm out, she will probably not lay an egg, so looking for brood wouldn't tell much. But you may count pretty cer- tainly, without looking at a comb, that the old queen will be disposed of in about a week after first trying to swarm. Then there will be a high time among the young queens that are left, and If none of them succeed in getting out it will be some time before the number will be reduced to a single one, and in the meantime the colony will be badly disturbed. Colonic§ Infested witli Wax-Worms. 1. I have 17 colonies of bees, of which 4 or 5 colonies have a worm or a grub, as you may call it. This worm is from 14 to % of an inch long, and entirely sealed over. What do you call it ? 2. How does it get into the hive ? 3. How long is it in the hive before injuring the bees? •±. flow can I get rid of it, and keep clear of it ? A Readek, Sanilac Co., Mich. Answers. — Before I forget it, I want to mention that you are making a mistake in not having a good text-book on bees and reading it over so as to be thoroughly familiar with It. That would give a full answer to the question you have askt, and a thousand others, and you wouldn't take many times the price of the book for what you would learn from it. 1. It is the wax- worm, the larva of the bee-moth — galleria cereana. 2. The moth lays its eggs in the hive on the combs or in the cracks about the hive, and from these eggs come the larvae. 3. It commences its injurious work just as soon as it is hatcht from the egg, for it eats the wax, but its work of destruction increases with its size. In warm weather three or four weeks are necessary for full growth, but in cool weather the change Is more slow. 4. The best thing is to have strong colonies of Italian bees. With such you need pay no attention to the worms. Even a weak colony of Italians will keep their combs clear of worms, and a strong colony of blacks will hold its own pretty well. But a weak colony of blacks will often succumb to the worms. m I m lloldy Combs — Feeding ^ugar Syrup — Feeding Outside. 3. How far from the apiary need I put the feed for bees, and be sure they will not start robbing, if I should feed out- side ? C. B. Answers. — 1. The bees will clean them out, as you will see by answer to the question from " Concord, N. H." But if you wait to give them to a swarm, they may be getting more moldy, and if they're too bad a swarm will desert. Better put them in the care of bees as soon as you can. You can give one or two to a colony, or perhaps a better way will be to put the hive containing them under another hive containing a good 2oIony. If you close up the upper entrance so the bees can get in and out only by going through the hive that con- tains the dirty combs, you'll make a sure thing of it; but they'll be likely to do fair work even if there should be an en- trance higher up. 2. Possibly it might be done, but It would be a very troublesome way. If you want to feed in the hive and haven't any feeders, try the crock-andplate plan. Fill a crock or other vessel half full of granulated sugar, or put in a less amount if you like. Add as many pints of water as you had of sugar. Lay over the crock two thicknesses of woolen cloth or five or six of cheese-cloth, and put over this a plate upside down. Put one hand under ths crock and the other over the plate, and quickly turn the whole upside down. Set It on the top of the brood-frames, and set an empty hive-body or super over, covering up so no bees can get in from outside. Of course the bees must have free access from below. 3. Sugar syrup isn't as bad as honey to start robbing. You can put it witiiin a rod of the hives, and perhaps there might be no trouble if nearer. Placing Bees Near a Line Fenee — Selling Comb Honey. 1. I have a few hives from which the bees died this win- ter. The combs are some moldy at the bottom, and almost half of the cells are filled with dead bees. How can I get them out, or will the bees clean them out when I put a swarm in them ? 2. When feeding bees sugar syrup, can it be put Into sec- tions and laid In the supers? 1. Is there any law prohibiting a man from keeping bees on his own ground ? or how far must they be kept from the line of your neighbor, if he objects ? 2. I still have about 450 pounds of honey on hand. What is it worth ? Mine Is all white clover honey. I like the Bee Journal, and do not know how I could get along without it. G. W. K. Answers. — -1. Each State has its own laws, and I doubt whether your State (Iowa) has any specific law on the subject. It's a question, however, to ask of some lawyer or justice who has a copy of the State laws. The peculiar circumstances of each case have much to do in deciding what is right. In some cases you might make trouble by having your bees quite a dis- tance from your neighbor's line, while In others there might be no trouble with the bees upon the line. Try to think what you would want done if you were in his place. If his dwelling is close to the line, better keep the bees as far away as you can conveniently, perhaps two rods or so. With a close board fence six feet high, there ought to be no trouble right close to the line. 2. Look at the market quotations that appear weekly in the American Bee Journal, and you'll find out the prices in several of the leading cities. If you can sell at home for con- siderable less, that will be your best plan. Freight, commis- sions, etc., bring down prices when you ship away, besides the risk of a good deal of breakage. You will notice that prices are lower than last fall, and it is seldom a good plan to hold over comb honey from one season to the beginning of the next. The Alsike Clover Leaflet consists of 2 pages, with illustrations, showing the value of Alsike clover, and telling how to grow it. This Leaflet is just the thing to hand to every farmer in your neighborhood. Send to the Bee Jour- nal office for a quantity of them, and see that they are dis- tributed where they will do the most good. Prices, postpaid, are as follows : 50 for 20 cents ; 100 for 35 cents ; or 200 for 60 cents. ^ ■White Clover Seed.— We have quite a quantity of White Clover Seed on hand that we will send you at a bargain. A little of it goes a good ways. It usually retails at 25 or 30 cents per pound, but we will mail you 2 pounds for 40 cents, or for sending us one new subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a year. ^ Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer on page 268. 264 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29. CEORGB Anr. YORK, . Editor. PHBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, MS iUcJilsaa St., - VMICAGO, ILL. tl.OO a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Pogt-Offlce at Chlcano as Second-Class Slall-Matter. VoLinVII, CHICAGO, ILL, APR. 29, 1897. No, 11. Editorial Con}xr)cr)i^^ Comb Honey Cleaned Up.— Messrs. R. A. Bur- nett i& Co., the leading Chicago honey-commission dealers, in a communication to us dated April 22, said this concerning the condition of the honey market in this city : Editor American Bee Journal :— The comb honey has cleaned up well this month, so that the best grade of white brings 13 cents, and there is no surplus of it. A few lots of dark and candied comb remain, but they are insignificant. Thus the season ends with a cleaned-up market for the pro- duct of 1897. The extracted product has been less fortunate, but there is not an excessive amount in sight. R. A. Burnett. Bee-keepers will be glad to know the above, for it is a good condition of affairs, and will give the 1897 crop a fair chance. But, look here : Don't rush a whole lot of the first honey takeu this year, into the hands of some new and irresponsible commission firm, and lei them sell it at a sacrificing price, thus ruining the market for the rest of the year, as did Bart- llng & Co. last year. They received about a carload of flue white comb honey early last year, and offered it at 10 cents a pound ! Of course, that .just knockt out the good prices that they and other dealers might have obtained if they hadn't been in such a hurry to sell, and defraud the shipper. By the way, that case is not settled yet, and Bartling is a member of the present Illinois House of Representatives ! We hope this year bee-keepers will be more careful, and patronize only those firms who are known to be honest and upright in their dealing. A Genuine ""Volunteer" for the New Union is found in the person of Wm. Elliott, of Wabasha Co., Minn. When sending in his membership fee of $1.00, he wrote the Secretary, Dr. Mason : If at any time you want more money to carry on the business, you can draw on me for $5.00. I will be glad to help drive the swindlers out. I have 125 colonies of bees. and live on a farm. Wm. Elliott. When Dr. Mason reported the above to us, he added this : "That's the talk ! Can't you send Mr. Secor and me the names of 1,000 such bee-keepers? Honey-dealers, commis- sion men and consumers could be included." "Oh for a thousand tongues to sing " — a tuno like that of Mr. Elliott's! And there ouy/il easily to be 1,000 boe-keep- ers sufliclently interested in the success of the pursuit of bee- keeping to say and do just what Mr. E. said and did. Let every " volunteer " send his or her membership dues of §1.00 to Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio, who will return a receipt therefor, and see that the dollar is put into the fund and your name added to the honorable roll. « . » Xo "^Visconsin Bee-Keepers.— Mr.N. E. France, who has done so much for Wisconsin bee-keepers the past two years, and especially during the last few months, is not re- ceiving the encouragement from the bee-keepers of that State that is due him. We learn this not from Mr. France himself, but from another prominent bee-keeper. Mr. France knows nothing about the appearance of this item at all. So that those most interested may know the facts, we wish to say that Mr. France, before the Legislature was called in February, had received pleading letters from over 600 Wisconsin bee-keepers, asking him to assist them in getting past the foul brood law, and to have sweet clover removed from the noxious weed list. This Mr. France succeeded in doing, after spending the greater part of two months in the effort, besides carfare to and from Madison. In all, he ad- vanced, out of his own pocket, nearly $40, saying nothing about the time he put in. Now it does seem to us that Wisconsin bee-keepers owe it to themselves, as well as to Mr. France, to see to it at once that he is reimburst, at least for the amount of cash he has paid out in their Interest. Since our last appeal, we un- derstand that only one of all the many bee-keepers of that great State has sent in his membership fee of 50 cents ! We are surprised at such apathy and slowness on the part of Wis- consin bee-men to do their clear duty. We trust that several hundred will immediately, after reading this, send to Mr. N. E. France (at Platteville, Wis.) their dues of 50 cents each, and become members of the State Association. ^*-*-*. The Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, to be held in Nashville May 1 to Nov. 1, 1897, has issued a premium list for its Agricultural Department, a copy of which is on our desk. We notice the following awards under the head of "Apiary :" Best 10 pounds or more of comb honey in most marketable shape $10 00 $5 00 Best 10 pounds extracted honey in most marketable shape 10 00 5 00 Best 10 pounds of beeswax 10 00 5 00 Best bee-hive for comb honey Diploma. Best bee-hive for extracted honey. . . . Diploma. Best honey-extractor Diploma. Best wax-extractor Diploma. Best sample of comb foundation Diploma. Best display apiarian tools and fixtures Diploma. Well, that's just $45 ahead of the cash premiums offered at the World's Pair in 1893. Good for Tennessee. But the Illinois State Fair this year offers over ten times as much for its apiarian display. We fear many bee-keepers will think it will hardly pay to aiake the effort to put up a good display. But doubtless Southern bee-keepers will come to the rescue, even if there isn't much more than glory in it for them. We have not as yet learned who is to be the judge in the apiarian department. Tho we have not been askt to suggest any one, we make no charge for offering the name of Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Atlanta, Ga., for favorable consideration. He knows how. .^-•-^ Shipping^ to Commission Firms. — It is sur- prising to note the lack of business sense — or even common sense— on the part of many shippers of farm products. How often is a lot of goods sent to a commission firm without the producer having first written to see whether the stuff is wanted ; or, often shipments are sent without learning in advance anything about the responsibility of the commission firm. Now, no one can afford to do business in that way — it 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 265 gives the criminally-Inclined dealer too good an opportunity to fill his pockets at the expense of the overtrustful shipper. Right along this line, we find in last Gleanings these two paragraphs, which we commend to those who contemplate shipping to commission dealers : " A few days ago we received what we thought was quite a bad complaint against one of the firms that furnish quotations for Gleanings. On referring it to the firm in question we learned that the bee-keeper had sent the honey without or- ders, as well as some other produce ; and the firm wrote us that, if their patron had simply askt for instructions, they would have advised him to hold his produce until they could have found for him a customer in his own vicinity. But, no ; our friend, without orders, shipt the produce to the city, at a distance from his own home, where the goods (apples in this case) were a drug on the market, and were actually being dumpt by the hundred bushels because there was no sale. Advice. — " Do not trust unknown firms, even if they do furnish good references. Write to the references first ; and, while you are about it, write to us, too, for we are on the track of nearly all the honey-firms. Second, do not ship your honey or anything else without first receiving orders from the commission house." Better read the above "Advice" again, and try to remem- ber it. You can write to us at any time for Information con- cerning any commission firm. But members of the New Union should write the General Manager, Hon. Eugene Secor, at Forest City, Iowa, who will be glad to furnish reliable ratings of any firm askt about. If you are not a member, just send the fee of .SI. 00 along with your request, and that will entitle you to all the benefits provided for in the Constitution of the New Union. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Mr. J. C. Stewart, of Nodaway Co., Mo., wrote us April 16 : " Bees have five frames of brood per colony. I lost one colony in 100, In chaflE hives." Rev. E. T. Abbott will hereafter have chirge of the monthly Nebraska Bee-Keeper. So says e.t-Elitor Stilson in the April number. Mr. Abbott will likely make things " hum " — suggestive of the bee-hive. Mb. C. G. Leighton, of Uvalde Co., Tex., when sending for a missing copy of the Bee Journal, said: "Why, I'd rather do without my dinner than the ' Old Reliable.' " We are glad to know that the Bee Journal satisfies bodily hunger ! The Northwestern Agriculturist, for April, contains an illustrated symposium on bees. This Is something new for a farm paper. Mrs. Effle Brown is the alert editor of the bee-department of that excellent paper, and no doubt it was she who " put them up to it." Good thing. Other agricultural papers would do well to follow the example of the North- western. Mr. M. H. Mendleson — one of the large bee-keepers of California— " plants roses amongst the hives; being an en- thusiast in rose-culture, he has nearly 100 varieties to greet him with their beauty and fragrance. In an apiary with such surroundings it Is a real pleasure to work, and the mind Is expanded by holding communion with things of beauty." So reports the Rural Californlan. The National Stockman and Farmer Is one of the best agricultural periodicals that make their weekly visits to our office. But In addition to its heretofore excellent con- tents, it now presents the finest appearance of all the strictly farm weeklies that we are acquainted with. It began Its 2 1st volume April 15, by changing its form Into more of a maga- zine style, and added a beautiful cover, making 3(3 pages in all, 9x13 inches in size. Dr. Miller has had charge of the apiarian department of the paper for several years, and will continue to do his part to maintain the high standard which the National Stockman and ITarmer has achieved. Mb. J. Van Deusen, of Sprout Brook, N. Y.— the senior member of the firm of J. Van Deusen & Son— died March 28. He was a fine old gentleman, over SO years of age, we believe. We had the pleasure of meeting him at several national bee- conventions. His son, J. A. Van Deusen, will continue the flat-bottom comb-foundation business. We hope soon to be permitted to publish a biographical sketch of Mr. Van Deusen, with picture. Mb. W. H. Covington, of Mexico, oCTers for sale this week, in the advertising columns, his home in Mexico. He considers it a fine opening for any man with a small family. Wax sells there at 50 cents per pound, and extracted honey at 10 to 12 cents. From the fruit alone on his place he says he should realize $250 to $300 this year, and his bees are doing well. Better write him at once if you want a home in one of " the Italies of America." Demorest's Magazine for May contains nearly 200 graphic Illustrations, and there is not a dull page in It. " Mc- Klnley's Administration, Told by the Camera," is alone well worth the price of the magazine. Among the contributions are these: "Some Constantinople Types," " Women of the Administration," " The Proper Use of Wealth," " The Recu- perative Forces of Spring," and "The California Poppy in Embroidery." Publisht in New York City. Mr. Chas. a. Goodell, of Blue Earth Co., Minn., was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., In 1856, and went to Min- nesota 21 years ago. He has been in the bee-business for the past 15 years, and also has a large berry plat, has always been a very successful man in the business, and considers it a profitable one. Last year he had 4,025 pounds of comb honey and 1,400 pounds of extracted, from 98 colonies. Mr. Goodell has sent us photographs of his apiary and crop of comb honey harvested last year. He got his first swarm In the woods by lining them. Those he lost in winter- ing. Then he bought two colonies, and lost them by screen- ing the entrances. He afterward got more bees, sent for the American Bee Journal, and then he says his success began. In the last three years he has sold 10,025 pounds of comb honey, and 3,000 pounds of extracted, besides thousands of quarts of berries. Mrs. A. L. Amos, of Custer Co., Nebr., who was at the Lincoln convention, sends us these kindly words about Mrs. J. N. Heater and Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck— two beloved Ne- braska women and bee-keepers : Editor York :— It was with deep regret that I read of the death of Mrs. Heater, and reading the particulars makes the event seem sadder than ever. Snatcht away from her busy life and an appreciative circle of friends, almost as sud- denly and quite as unexpectedly as was Mrs. Hallenbeck a few months ago, she leaves a blank that will not be readily I did not come into such close association with Mrs. Heater at the convention as I aid with Mrs. Hallenbeck, but I felt that she was a woman to be admired, and that I would like to know her, and perhaps would some day. It is to be expected that the loss of these noblewomen will be felt most here in Nebraska, where they have lived and labored, but the bond that unites all kindred souls— the bond of human brotherhood— is Independent of State lines, and we know that we are not alone in our sorrow. The world cannot but sorrow over the passing away of people who are like the poet's friend, so touchingly memorial- ized in the lines — " None knew thee but to love thee. None named thee but to praise." (Mrs.) a. L. Amos. Through the kindness of Mrs. Amos we learn that the large family of children left by Mrs. Hallenbeck are to be well taken care of by kindly relatives. The children range In ages from 20 down to3M years. Mrs. H. had been left a widow but a short time before her death, and as the children were thus left orphans, it was thought best that their relatives should help In caring for them, by distributing them around. It is sad thus to separate a loving family, but no doubt it was best so to do. We hope that all those children may grow up to be useful members of society, and an honor to their devoted parents who were called away when their care was needed so much. *-.-» — IVO"W is the Time to work for new subscribers Why not take advantage of the offer made on page 268 ? 266 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29, Qcj;)eral Itenps> Prospect for a Big Yield. I put into winter quarters 13 colonies of bees, and took 13 out the middle of March, good and strong, and one queenless. My bees are working on box-elder, Cottonwood, and elm. The prospect is good for another big yield of honey. I hope every reader of the "old reliable" American Bee Journal will have an old-time honey harvest. J. H. Rdpp. Washington Co., Kans., April 19. Two Poor Years for Honey. I tave had two bad years, and no honey. My bees have not wintered very well, owing to the bad winter and scarcity of honey. Moses A. Gebhabt. Newcastle Co., Del., April 13. Prospects are Good. My bees came through the winter in good condition, with a loss of three colonies out of 100. White clover looks well, and the prospect is good. I have been putting foundation into sec- tions with a machine invented by R. C. Aikin. A lamp heats a plate to melt the edge of the foundation, and stick it to the section, then the section is folded with- out removing from the machine. Another term of court has past, and my bee-lawsuit was not brought up. It was continued. J. L. Strong. Page Co., Iowa, April 19. Mrs. J. N. Heater. It is with sorrow that I read the sad mes- sage announcing the departure of our be- loved friend. Mrs. J. N. Heater, to that long home towards which we are all traveling. Death is an unwelcome visitor at any time, but when the grim messenger calls for those that are near and dear to us, in their prime of life, it makes our sorrows seem impossible to bear. But if we emmulate the virtues of our dear, departed friend, we may again meet and greet her. I had the pleasure of her acquaintance at the World's Fair, and I can vividly recall her cheerful, smiling, happy features as I graspt her hand of friendship. Love and charity filled her heart, and shone in her countenance. No one could long remain sad in her pres- ence. I deeply sympathize with our friend, Mr. Heater, for to be blest with such a helpmate through this life of love, joy and sorrow, must be an attainment of that blissful happiness that but few realize here below. E. S. LovEST. Prefers the Single-Walled Hive. As I have noticed quite a little in the bee-papers this winter about wintering bees in single-walled hives, on their summer stands, I thought I would tell how I suc- ceeded with my bees the past winter. In the spring of 189.5 I bought my first colony of bees, and at the end of the season I had increast to 3 colonies. Two of these went through the winter in double-walled chaff hives, while the third was in a 10- frame dovetailed hive. As the bees in the single-walled hiv9 came through equally as well as those in the chalf hives, I decided to use only the dovetailed hive in the future, and accordingly last summer trans- ferred all my colonies toS-frame dovetailed hives. This with my increase gave me five strong colonies. I fixt my bees for wintering last fall as follows: I left each hive with six frames well filled with honey, which equaled about 30 pounds to a colony. I pusht the frames well together, put in the division-board, put on a super, laid three sticks across the frames so as to give the bees a chance to go from one frame to another in cold Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, "Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there i.s in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and -whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equlpt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the American Bee .Tournal. 7Atf That Queen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Cbarm. The Monette Queen-Cllpplng Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees. Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr. Couldn't Do Wltboat It. I have clipped 19 queens, and must say the Monette Queen-CUppiog Device Is by tar the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us vuil uiue iiew name for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. BEE-KEEPEKS We make SUPPLIES Special Agent for the Southwest" The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send Tor Free Illii§lratcc cash, or 29c In trade, de- livered. August Weiss, Hortonville, Wis. 6 A 1 2 1 Mention the American Bee Journal. painted ones. Some of the bees in the col- onies of the unpainted hives were perfectly healthy, and rire verxa. So last winter's as well as previous winters' experience has proven that the cause of poor wintering is not to be lookt for in the painted or un- painted hive, but depends upon the size and shape of the hive, tbe size of the colony to be wintered, the food they have to live on, and the temperature and the darkness of tbe cellar. These are the main factors in successful wintering. A bive for good win- tering must by all means be so constructed that if it becomes necessary for the bees to extend their cluster 4 or .5 inches below the frames on account of heat, they can do so, and if it becomes necessary for them to seek a warmer place than the temperature of the cellar affords them, they can find it in tbe upper |)art of the hive. With a hive so constructed, and with plenty of good honey in easy reach at all times, bees will winter well, other things, such as quietness, etc., being equal. Aug. Bartz. Chippawa Co., Wis., April 15. Out-Door Wintering Experiments. As a silent, yet a very much interested reader of tbe American Bee Journal, I sometimes think it almost a duty, as well as a pleasure, to write a few lines for others to read. I have searcht in vain thus far for a re- port from those that were experimenting with the outdoor system of wintering bees. While at the Chicago convention last fall, several exprest themselves as try- ing the experiment, by placing a mat or cushion on top of the hives, then placing a half-super filled with dry forest leaves thereon. Dr. Miller was one of them, and had prepared 10 colonies. Myself for another, with 17, and another man (I for- got his name) prepared his whole apiary this way. and bad been very successful in so doing for several years. My report as touching this matter is as follows: My bees wintered very well all around, while those wintered on the sum- mer stands came out stronger in bees, yet very much lighter in stores than those win- tered in the cellar; and my outside loss was only one colony out of the 17, and that died from starvation, and then the last of March. I have lost but two colonies out of 811. thus far, and nearly all are in fine con- dition. Perhaps this may bring out other re- ports. One word more about eggs, or queens laying after mating. On page 239, J. E. Pond'saysthat eggs are found in cells six hours after mating. I am inclined to think if he had lookt around a little he would have found another hen on. A. Y. Baldwin. DeKalb Co., 111., April 17. Taxing Bees in Wisconsin. On page 107. among Dr. Miller's answers and questions, I see an item from H. C , of Clark Co., Wis, I am a resident of that county, and am a beekeeper, too, and naturally feel interested in the matter of taxing bees. So far as this town is con- cerned, bees were not assest in ISWi, The law reads that among the articles to be assest, all goods, wares, merchandise, chat- ties, moneys and effects of any nature or description having any real or marketable value, must be included, which, of course, covers the bees ; but there are a few articles like notes, bonds, mortgages and other securities, that are also included, but not assest in this county, I do not wish to evade the payment of taxes, when properly imposed, but I would allow the tax on bees to be returned, unless the assessment was general in the county. And then, tbe sum of S3.00 is out of all proportion to the way other personal prop- erty is assest. which is usually assest at one third of its value. The laws say that property should be assest at what it would bring at private sale, but it is not so assest in this county 268 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29. BE CONVINCED, AND CET YOUR MOPiEV'S WORTB We offer the New Clianiplou Doub- led-WHlled Cbafl' Hive, made of the Best White I'lne Lumber, from now until June 15. 1897. Complete and Painted. with Dovetail Body and Two Supers torCon^b Honey or Extracting ; 8. 9 or 10 frame bive, with Thick Top. Self-Spacing Hoff- man Frames, including 2 or 4 loldea Tin Kabbets, Tin Cover and Doable Bottom- all for only $1.50. The bame in the Flat for 98 cents : and if Outside Summer and Winter Case is wanted only, complete and painted, to fit any Dovetail or Simplicity 8, 9 or 10 frame hive, for 9a cents ; and the same in the Flat for 73 cents. Inside measurement of Case 25x:20 Inches, and 21 Inches high. We solicit your orders. We deliver all goods f. o. b. cars or boat landing at Sheboygan, Wis. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Box 187, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Extracted Honey Wanted — make Offers. new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at $1.00 each. PROF. A. J. COOK'S BOOK FREE ! The Bee-Keeper's Guide OR MANUAL OF THE APIARY. This 15th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages. In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here Is quite un- necessary—It Is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author Is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- quire any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's Gdide." Given For 2 New Subseribers. The following offer Is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers- simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Sabscribers to the Bee Journal (with J2.00), and we will mall you a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for 81. '25, or we club It with the Bee .Journal for a year —both together for only SI. 75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the boo' as a premium. Let everybody try for If Will you have one ' GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, lU. Kl^^^^^^ffi LA-l4-t-U_U--U_U_IXI The Fence Problem.— So far from being settled in any definite way, the question of fencing Is more of a problem tolay than ever. This Is largely due to the fact that the de- mand, or at least the needs, of fencing are In- creasing, and are likely to continue to do so for years to come. As the country becomes more thickly se tied and new land is brought under cultivation, or the old farms are sub- divided and cut up into smaller ones, the demand for fencing of some kind will con- tinue to Increase. This belhg true, the prob- lem then resolves Itself Into one of selection. Wood, the natural material for fencing, has already become scarce enough and high enough In price to place it beyond the means of the average farmer, and he is a rich man indeed who, at the present price of timber, can continue its use for this purpose. A knowledge of these f«cts, coupled with the consequent saving In labor, land and money, were the prime factors In the de elopmont of the wire-fence industry, which has grown to such Immense proportions. The original wire fence, which was made of barbed wire. has been found to be Inefficient, harmful, and objectionable. It has consequently been Bup- planied by the modern woven-wire fence, which Is more desirable in every way. The prime object and essential of fencing of any kind is the prevention of tresspass; ti keep one farmer's stock from trespassing upon the lands of his neighbor, and vice versa; to keep stock from trespassing upon the highway, and to keep them confined with- in a given enclosure. It must be constructed, therefore, that It will turn all kinds of ani- mals without injury; must not harbor weeds; must not unnecessarily encumiier or take up too much room, thereby wasting hind and in general must be handsome, durable, lasting, and provided at reasonable cost. What Is -said above is true In every way of the Keystone Woven Wire t'ence, manufac- tured by the company of that name at Peoria. 111. a sectional view of whose fence is shown here. Write them for their book on Fencing, Stating that you read this in the American Bee Jouinal, so we ought not to have the bees assest different from other property. Bees can be bought, and have been bought, for from $'3.50 to .*5.00 per colony. Five dollars is the maximum prioe. The Town Board of Review would have changed those figures, I think, if H. C. had met with the Board last June. Clark Co., Wis. L. M. Willis. Big Honey-Flow Expected. Bees are in fine condition this spring, and prospects are good for a big honey -flow this year. F. J. R. Davenport. Ellis Co., Tex., April 20. Good Season Lookt For. My bees have begun to swarm, and they are all boiling over with bees. So I look sor a good season. I lost only one colony out of 60. J. A. Shone. Benton Co., Miss., April 13. Prospect for a Good Season. My age and bodily infirmity compel me to abstain from all manual labor, and I intend to devote my few remaining years to the honey-bee. My bees were taken from the cellar March 31, and were found strong and healthy ; no loss. We have had a number of warm days since putting tbem out, and they have had a good flight. The prospect is good for a good honey season. S. B. Smith. Stevens Co., Minn., April 13. Poorest Season in 20 Years. The season of ISW) was the poorest we have had here in '20 years. From 45 colo- nies I never got a swarm nor a pound of marketable honey. The outlook now is anything but promising for the coming summer. It rains nearly all the time, with a cold wave for a change. I am feeding my bees sugar syrup now. I admire the bold stand Editor York has taken against the commission swindlers and adulterators. Isaac Brown. Grundy Co., Tenn., April 13. An Old Man's Experience. I am an old band with bees, it being just 75 years last May since I made my first ex- periment with them. Wishing to find out how many there were in an old straw skep, I poked a stick into the entrance. I never tried it that way again. I have been a subscriber to the American Bee Journal six or eight years; have kept bees that long, where the winter is one-half of the year, and the mercury is frozen a month at a time. I knew from longexperi- ence in the northern woods that the only Froblem before me was wintering. When got ready to keep bees, I began by getting the best books and subscribing for the American Bee Journal. I intended to make my hives at home, as I had an engine and saws. I have spent a good deal of time and money experimenting, and have concluded that bee-keepers have a good many blind leaders of the blind amongst tbem. I started to winter according to the books, and found that Prof. Cook's state- ment that a light colony would winter as well as a strong one was misleading, as the light one was no good the next summer, as the season was gone before they were strong enough to do anything. I found that Pierce's plan was the same as all the bee-keepers up here used, at a loss of be- tween 40 to 100 per cent., no difference in cellars or out-doors. I found that the worst stuff is printed about ventilation, and that four boles in zinc is enough for any colony of bees, and that if that entrance is exposed to the wind when cold and light snow is falling, the hive will fill entirely full of snow all around the cluster. I found that you cannot smother a colony of bees with snow ; that IS9'> THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 269 " Queens Given Away." f Gray Carniolans i\i GoMen Italians,? We will give ;i title Tested Queen (either race) to all customers orderlnir 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Queen to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens piven away will be sent to customers in August. Oracle and Prices April July of Bees and Queens j^^/e sepT. Untested Queen $ ."3 $ .65 Testid •• 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2 25 Bestlmportcd ■• 5.00 4 00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two •' •• ■• 1.50 1.00 Full Colony of Bees (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We enarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. Dencrlpllve Price-lilst Free. F. A. Lodhart & Co., "-ake^george. 13Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. JUST ARRIVED! My second carload of Goods from The A.I. Root Co. has arrived, and I am in shape to fill all orders promptly at their catalog prices. Send for my ;i6 page catalog : also list of Goods you will need, and I will make you spe- cial prices on early orders. GEa. E. HltrTQIf, 9D9t FREMONT, MICH. MtiitUm the American Bee Journal SAUMENIG! HATCHERS are made on best liIle^ imd of best material known Toincabntorart. They cannot f nil. HEATS WITH HOT WATER! Hatches every est^ that cjin be hatched. Send 2stamp^ for cata- ]ot:No.69 (NVINCIBLE HATCHER COMPANY. Springfield. Ohio. 13D5t Please meution tbe Bee Journ il. ^ Fur rain anil FfViT ^ ■^^*I*^^-^v^^i Au lionesti efficient VfillnwT-nTiftc; • remedy for all Fevers, xeiiowzones ^j. Headaches. Colds. Neu- F..r riuri and Ffv-T ^ ral^fa. Grip. Rheuma- tism, etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, OR MONEr refunded. ■' It's a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." "Too much cannot be said in praise of them." 1 Box. 25e.; 6 Boxes, $L; most orders are $1. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. loDtf Please mention tbe Bee Journal. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Egos perfectly throueh warm weathef. just as ^ood as fresh ones for cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the epg-s he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. Ton can & reserve them for about 1 cent per dozen. ow is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. MJlSON, 3312 Monroe Street, - Toledo. Ohio. Mfiitici the. American Be: -'eu >"»■." V I Traction, Portable and Semi-Port- able. Simple and Compound. Also Threshers. Horse Powers.Saw Mills NGINE Send forillu'itrated Catalogue free Our>i are e^ual toaU — Surpassed by none. "It's a way we have." M. Rumely Co. Laporte,lnd. -^^>o-i)-«0 When Ahswerihg This AOVERTISEuenT, MEmtiom This JOURNAt. Tested Italian Queens ?? sii: p^^fetu?^ mall. Tested Quteus were reared late last fall, i make Queen-rearing a specialty. DANIEL WURTH, ISDlt F.\LMOUTH, Rush Co., IND, JUeniUm the American Bee Jcumai. it made no diflference whether a colony bad any sealed honey or not when they have their last flight, for if they have enough honey and bees, they will seal it quick enough. I found that the deeper the combs are the likelier the bees are to die, as they will go to the top of the combs as soon as it gets cold, then tbe honey will freeze out- side, and become damp and moldy in cel- lars. I got stirred up to write by reading in the report of the Illinois convention Dr. Miller's description of the plan he is trying to winter bees out-of-doors. His bees may live, but the combs will mold, and then have pickled brood. By the way, is not that what Mr. McEvoy has been curing for the Canucks ? I know he is wrong in the assertion that chilled brood will produce foul brood, for there never has been a spring since anybody has kept bees up here, but they have all had plenty of chilled brood, as they nearly all winter bees in the cellar under the house, and put the bees out on benches two feet high the first days in spring warm enough for them to fly. But there never has been anything like foul brood here. Then how could foul brood be stampt out by even burning every colony, when there are hundreds of swarms that get away to the woods every season ? I find that up here at least five out of six colonies of wild colonies die every winter, and some- times nearly all. I believe young bees and plenty of them is the solution of the win- tering problem, but no natural swarm or colony has ever young bees enough in the fall to winter to perfection north of the 40th parallel. R. Davidson. Burnett Co., Wis. Almost a Resurrection. I hasten to tell my experience with a col- ony which, on removal from the cellar, ap- peared to be starved — absolutely no food left. Four combs were fairly filled with bees, but when moved they fell off, and very few seemed to move at all. Handling the frames very gingerly I sprinkled warm sugar water (1 to 2) over them, with a spoon, and the sun being warm, left tbe top of the hive with one water-proof quilt over the brood. In tbe evening they had revived a little, and clustered, and I hoped for the best. That night and all next day we had snow and rain, and I left them packt up as warm as possible, with a cake of candy over the cluster. The following morning not a bee on tbe candy— all appar- ently quite dead; not a wing moved; not a leg kickt. However, to have a final fight with Grim Death, I sprinkled more warm syrup on the dead cluster, and in the sur- rounding cells, and it being warm again, exposed them as before. That was four days ago; they revived and are gaining energy every day. It was quite a resurrec- tion. Moral — " Never say die." May be this will be in time to save loss to some one else. W. R. A. Ramsey Co., Minn., April 15. Proper Spacing' of Brood-Frames. Has tbe proper distance of brood-combs from center to center become an absolute certainty. (. <■., for the best welfare of the colony, taking the season through ? The distance which brood-combs should be spaced from center to center has been demonstrated by actual measurements from combs in box-hives when the colony had their own sweet will as regards the spacing and laying the foundation, and it is found that P J inches is tbe distance in most cases. We have incidents whereby valuable inventions and improvements have been brought to light through chance or mistakes. Back in the 'GO'S (If I remember correctly it was 'Wj. by some mistake I bad a colony of bees in a 10-frame Langstrotb hive occupied by nine frames or combs; they were spaced accordingly in uniformity, making them 1 \ from center to center. They were all worker-combs. This colony ^TO BE HUNG!^ OlJii SniNoi.K Is now hung out, notifying the public that we are again ready to ship QiieeuM. Having greatly enlarged our facil- liies, can Qll orders by return mail. 4jiold<-n ■t«>aiilie!!i,3 llsintl llalians Also NilT<-i--4jiray 4'arnioluii. Warranted Queen, 50c,; Tested, 7.ic. Make Money Orders payable at Caldwell, Tex. Send for Catalog of Bee*Kee|>erH' Supplies. Address, C. B. BANKSTON. llAtt CiiitiESMAN, Burleson Co., Tex. Mention the .s.menca'a Bee Jourvai, SMKEPtS and FOUmATlOS We do not catalog theQulnbyor Hill Smo- kers this year, but there may be some who prefer these 81 yies. We still have a few. and offer them at these special prices to close out: The Quinhy — 2-inch barrel, single-blast, ;j.">c.; postpaid, SOc. 2i4-inch, double blast, 60c.; postpaid, T.)C. The Hill— .3-inch barrel. 40c.; postpaid, 60c. YanDeiisen Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn. In 2opound boxes, at only $10.50 per box, while it lasts. Address, THE A. I. BOOT CO., 118 Michigan St.. - Chicago, III. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION '^o^-l^'^AT'O" Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Kipping, Cutting-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing, Edglng-up, Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery, Sold on Trial. Calalojae Free. SE>E<^A FALLS ITIFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. T. lAly MentiAj., the Ameriran Bee Journal, BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. The 4-l.nch " Smoke Engine." Is It too large ? Will It last too long ? Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices ol Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BIINGHAI?!, Farwell, Itllch. 5Atf Mention the American Bee Journal, f Early Italian Queens? Untested, 75c.; Tested, $l.'25. Nuclei. 'J frame, $'3.00, including a good Queen. Bees by the Pound. E. L. CARRIIVG'I'ON, 5AlTt Be FaDlak Springs, Fla. iHe-'JA:". -s:i Aw^itt/ca,',-. Bee ImtTv^ji, Texas Queens f Dr. Gallup says they are the best he has In his yard. J. D. GIVENS, liUbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 9A26t, m T S ( Get discounts on early orders r»c 1 '""■ 1897. A. I. Root Co.'s Bee- "^. / Supplies always on hind. Bet- ter prepared Ihan ever to fill orders promptly. ;j6-page Catalog free. JOHN NEBEI. & SON, Hl^h Hill, Mo, 3Ie7tti«n the American Bee JournaX. 4Atf BEE - KEEPERS, PRICES CUT On FUIXDATION COMB to introduce Forrest Kew Method of Sheeting Wax by Aiitoniatie Machinery. Write for descriptive Circular Price-List and Samples. N. B. FORKEST, ISAtf AUBURN, N, T, iierJ.icn i.i€ American Bee •icunuU. 270 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Apr. 29, BEES & NUCLEI. We can supp y Good Full ColoDles ot Ital- ian Bees In lO-frame Lanitstro h ives, and 3-frame Nuclei. They are In Lee Co.. illlnols. 100 miles from Chicago. If you wish to huy, write us at once, as to what and how many you want, and we will quote you price. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. For Sale, Bees & Queens Tees liy the Pound, $1.00. Queens. SI. 00. Nuclei, 2 frame, with Queen. $:. .'SO; ifrsme. §2.00. Also, Barred A: Wliiie Plymoiilh Rocks, and Silver-Laced Wyaiidolteit Eggs at $1.00 per sitting of 1.5. Address, Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOK, 16A13 SWAKTS, Greene Co., Pa. Meatioii the American Dee Jmvmal. RIfi MONEY IN POULTRY IjPrtt Stock and Incubators if conducted .'.Kcording to "The Chautauqua f Guide to Big Profits" jubi out and ! sHut postpaid with our 1897 Catalogue for 4c to help pay postage, etc. Best euga and stock cost no more if purchased of us, you can then sell your product to ^^sand thousands others for high fancy prices. ^We own 300 acres most eleL-antly adaiited to ■^poultry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY &, PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEDY, N.Y 7 A13 Mention the American Bee Journal* ti?:! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello-w Bees'wax delivered to our ofiBce till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part Is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. FOR SALE AT A BARGMX ! ! A 2V4-acre orange grove within the city limits of Montemorelas, Mexico ; Including au apiary ot :i.T colonies, and a flock of thor- oughbred poultry; also present crop of fruit and vegetables. Plai e hasagrood house and Is In flrst-class condition. Mus-t sell on ac- count of failure In health. Price. $700. Terms If necessary. For particulars write— W. H. COVIN«TO!V, 17A4t Montemorelas, N. L., Mexico. Mention f'te American ISee JounwA, QUEENS Smokers, Sections , Comb Foundation, AnA uti Aplnlrnn Supplies cheaji, N?ii4l for KKEE atalogue. E. T. FLANAUAN, Uelievllle, III. 13A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. From Pure B. P. Kocks. Black Minorcas. Light Brahmas— $1.25 per billing. Also, will slutf and mount Birds and Animals to order: price, for small birds and animals 00c. and upward. Plants lor sale clieap— Ked and Black Raspberry, and Strawberry. inKS. L,. C. AXTELI', KosEViM.E. Warren Co., III. A. P. A. iiiay'iiot D« O. I\. OUK APAry Is nou - partisan and deals in strictly first class Italian Queens— Tested, 00c Untested, ti5c. 1-fr. Nucleus, (S5c.; 3-fr. $1.10 —discount on ijuanllties. M, <) ollice. Sparta, Tenn <;oOPKK Sc GIl,l,K'rT, 17A4t Quebeck, Tenn. Mention the American Bee Journal proved to be the most valuable one in the whole yard of 200. producing conob honey to the value of *41 (at that time comb honey was secured in glass boxes). The bees of this colony were visibly longer- bodied, and had the appearance of being a stronger bee all around. Could it be be- cause they had more space between combs, that the brood became more fully devel- voped ; Having often thought of the workings of this particular colony, the idea never oc- curred to me that the nine frames in the space of ten had any bearing on the work- ing qualities of the bees. Last season, hav- ing a similar case (a hive I bought being an 8-frame Langstroth occupied by seven frames), I began to reason that this matter of more space for brood-combs may be something that would be advisable to give au investigation, as the colony on seven frames, in an 8-frame hive, proved to do the best of any, in the yard of 33. Now, don't shake your head and say this is all bosh, as there are a great many things we don't know ; but with the most of mankind, what they don't know would make the largest book. I shall arrange five hives the coming sea- son as stated above, and providing they come up to the standard of the two cases referred to, will give the result to the readers of the American Bee Journal. Douglas Co.. Minn. M. S. Snow. Rearing Early Queens. The sun set clear last night, and this is a beautiful morning. It begins to look like spring at last. It has been so wet that but little small grain is in, and farmers are very much behind with their work. In my ob- servatory hive one queen hatcht out on the eve of the 11th, on time. The others were kept in until the morning of the 13th, and it was (to me) interesting to hear the pip- ing and quahking going on all day Monday. I have wire screening next to the frames, and glass outside ot that. By removing the glass I can tap on the screening and drive the bees where I choose (and occa- sionally get a dab through the wires). Yesterday morning they commenced to tear open the remaining" queen-cells, and by sticking some pieces of broom-corn (taken from an old broom) through the screening, I made a corral for each cell, and then watcht the fun and saved my queens. I did not give one of them to the colony that had the laying worker, as I had intended to, for, upon examination, I found they had several queen-cells started, and more than that, not a single drone found his way back to the hive. H. W. CONGDON. Cass Co., Nebr., April 14. FINE SECTIONS ! We have the finest Liiiniber to be had for One-Piece Sections, all Second-Growth and White as Snow. We have all the np-to-dale machinery, and are inaposltiim to fill your order promptly and satisfactorily. Write for Prlce-Llst and Sample Section free. Yours &c , WAUZEKA SECTION CO., Apr. 23, '97. Wauzeka, Crawford Co , Wis. 17Atf JUentimi the American Bee Jeumai, BeeswaxWiiiited for Cash Or lu Exchange for Foundation— Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Woiiiiig Wax 1?/,;; ?Sr a4 A Specialty. P7~ Write for Catalog and Prlce-blst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WI$. MISTAKES ARE EXPENSIVE. J To avdij anyiiii tal;t.'S on. Ilu- R'nee i|Uf>tiun buy ^ the Keystone AVoveii AVire Fence. Itpos- ^ ses'Ses al! the merits of a perfect farm fence. Itis !^ strong, durable and handsome. It will turn any- ^^ thint< from the stnallost pip or lamb up. It is '^ smouth— can't hurt stock. Much more about it in '^ our free book on fence construction. "Write today. ^ KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., |» No. S Rush St., Peoria, III. p • *••■•••••'••• • *• • • • • • • • • • • • • M -r-,i;'V5.-/T^ in,?, ^v^e'T'VJ/y/*^. Bee .1 DH''^v\Cjt- TO REDUQE STOCK ! 5 per cent. Off On all Kinds of Supplies TILL APRIL 15th. ^^ Orders amountlnsr to $5 or more will be delivered f. o. b. cars Springfield, Ills. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. 10A13t Mention the Am. Bee Journal CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, fiivER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. llllill'c! HONEY-EXTRACTOR I'lulll !S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepews' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog-. ** Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. in stamps. Apply to— Chas. P. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee JouimaL SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! Boot's Goods at Koot's Prices. Poiider's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S Ponder, 163 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana. ANSWERING IMIS ADVEHTISEMEI.^ , MENTION TW9 JOUfWW, t^r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. UNO DISEASES. .lo years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address , Dr. Peiro, 100 State St.. ChicaRo. 50 Colonies of Bees FOIt S,Vl,K rllEAP. Eld. DANIEL WHITMER, 16A'2t Box 485 Booth Bend, Ind. Mention the American Bee JoumaL 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 271 HONEY and BEESWAX 9IAKKKT QUOXAXIO.liS. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by ihe North American Bee-Keepers' Association, and, so far as possible, quota- tions are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled; comhs straight, of even thickness, and firmly at- tached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other- wise. In addition to this the honey Is to be classi- fied according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That Is. there will be "fancy white," '• No. 1 dark." etc. Cliicag'o, 111., Mar. 19.— Fancy white. 11® 12c.; No. 1, lOQllc; fancy amber, 9c.; No. 1, Tc. ; fancy dark. 8c.: No. 1, Tc. Extracted, white, oOTc. : amber. 5@6c.; dark, 4Hc. Bees- wax, 25@'27c. Stocks are working down, but there is no Improvement in price. The season for comb honey Is drawing to a close. Any one intend- ing to market in the cities should do so now. Albany, N. Y., Mar. 20.— Fancy white, 12- i:ic.; No. 1, 11-12C. : lancv amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.: fancy dark. 7-8c.; No. 1, 6-7c. Extracted, white. ."i-Bc. ; dark, 3y4-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., Peb. 20.— Fancy white. 14-15C.; No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, white. 6- 7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand Is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Boston, Mass., Feb. 20.— Fancy white, 13 14c.; No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white, 6-7c.; amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. St. Xionis, Mo., Peb. 19.— Fancy comb. 12@ @13c.; No. 1 white, ll@ll^c.; amber, 9@ lOiic ; dark. 7@8!4c. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7c.; amber, in barrels, 4@-lHc; extra. 3c.; dark, .3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 23(a23!4c. —prime finds ready sale at 23HC. Ban Francisco, Calif., Apr. 7. — White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, 5-7c. Extracted, white, by,c.; light amber. 3i4-4c.; dark tule, 2Xc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-26c. Fhiladelphia, Pa., Peb. 2.— Fancy white comb, 12-l:ic ; fancy amber. 8-9c.; No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7c.; amber, 4-3c. ; dark, 3!4-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for com b honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. Hew York, N.Y.Apr. 10— White comb. 10@llc.: amber, 8(39c.; dark. 6c. Ther is a fairly good demand for comb honey yet. and It keeps coming In small lots. Extracted is quiet at unchanged prices. The demand for buckwheat extracted has ceast, and no more Bale for it. Beeswax Is quiet at 26@27c. Detroit, Mich., Mar. 12.- No. 1 and fancy white comb, ll-12e.: other brands, 7-1 Oc. Extracted, white. .5-6c. ; amber and dark, 4-5c. Beeswax. 24-25c. Kansas City, Mo.. Apr. 19.— No. 1 white, 12ai3c.; fancy amber, lliai2c.; No. 1 amber. lOOllc: fancy dark, 9(ai0c.; No. 1 dark. 8® 9c. Extracted, white, 3c.; amber, 4i4c. ; dark, 4c. Beeswax. 25c. Cincinnati, Ohio, Apr. 19.— Demand is Bio- for all kinds of honey. Comb honey, 10@14c. for fair to choice white; extracted, 3!4@6c. There Is a fair demand for beeswax at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. Minneapolis, Minn., Peb. 20. — Fancy white. Il(ai2c.; No. 1 white. lOailc; fancy amber. 9(ai0c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7(a8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 6@7c. ; amber, 5(85 Sc; dark. 4a5c. Utah white extracted. 5@3!4c. Beeswax, 23(9 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Buffalo, H, Y., Apr. 16. — Very fancy honey, mostly 10 and lie.; fair to good, from 9c. down to 7 and 8c.; very poor, dark, etc., 5-7c. Very little. If any, extracted in the market to quote. Write us before shipping. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Moat of whom Quote In this Journal. ^ ^ ^ ClilcaKO, Ills. R. A. BURNETT & Co.. 1G3 South Water Strc et. New Vork, N. Y. HiLORETH Bros. & Seoelken, Kansas Cilr< mo. 0. C. Clbmomb & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnfialo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Ilamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Lonis, Mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapoUs, Illlnn. S. H. Hall & Co. Milnraokee, Wis. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, Mass. E. E. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, micb. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Poudeh, 162 Mass chusetts Ave. Albany, N. Y. Chas. Mcculloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. r, MuTH & SON, cor. Freeman & Central Avs. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5S> lOJb 25tt> oOtti Alsike Clover.. 70 $1.23 $3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (whlte^ .70 1.20 2 50 4.75 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 AifalfaClover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 33 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEOKGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. One Cent Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Koot's Goods. Send list of what j-ou want, and get price. m. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, micb. WHEt AnSWERINO this ADVERTISCyENT, MENTION, T>4IS JOURN,A^ nrr I^CCDCD? I Let me send vou my 64- DLL'^LL^ LriO I page Catalog for 1897. J. '31. Jenkins, Wetnmpka, Ala. WevXit/n the American Bee Jcumril, PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH A Has No Sag In Brood-Frames ln> Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation I Ia^v Has So Fisht»ae id Ibe Sorplas Hooey. \ ^^B Belntr tbe cleanest Ib nanally workec] \ S^H the qalckest of any Foondatlon made £^^S J, VAN DEt'SEN 6c SONS, ^^H^^^ dole MaDufactnrers, VVW Sproot Brook Montsomerr Co.. N. T. MentU/n. Vie American Bee lourruil. California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Hurticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RVRAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FKANCTSCO. OAL. 4- Money Saved is Money Gained, -i- THE ROYAL UMON Life Insurance Companv DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents IVauted. SEOTIOISTS ! We have a lot of Sections 4!ix4!4x7 to-foot. which are off in color. We wish to close them out QUICK, so offer them at $1.50 a M. They are not seconds, but are off la color— open on two and three sides. Cat. of Bees and Supplies Free. I. J. STRIXGHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. 1. Improved Machinc for Sheeting Wax. This machine oroduces a continuous sheet of uniform thickness and any width desired directly from the melted wax. No lapping or welding done in this proces. This machine is a rapid worlser. simple in construction, easily operated either by hand or steam power, and price within reach of anj' supply dealer. Cor- respondence solicited. Sample sent on receipt of order and postage Patent allowed March 18. 1897. THOS. EVANS, Lansing, Mich. Mention Hie A.merican Bee Jov/rvjoL CatalogfN for 1«97 We have re- ceived the following Catalogs. Price-Lists, etc., a copy of which may tie obtained up- on application, always being careful to say you saw their advertisement in the Ameri- can Bee Journal: The W. T. Faconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N. Y.— Bee-Hives, Sections, and Bee-Keep- ers' Supplies. Sidney A. Fisher, S3 Water St., Boston, Mass. — Apiarian Supplies. Mrs. A. A. Simpson, Swarts, Pa. — Italian Queens and Bees, and Fancy Poultry. Van Allen & Williams, Barnum. Wis — Queens. Berry-Plants, and Reversible Ex- tractors. VV^m. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn. — Bee- Keepers' Supplies. Convention 3folices. llUnols,— The spring meeting of the Nor- thern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held Tuesday, May 18. at the residence of H.W.Lee, at Pecatonica. 111. All are cordi- ally invited to attend. Means of conveyance will be at the station for the benefit of those coming on trains. B, Kennedy, Sec. New Mllford. lU. Connectlciic— The 6ih annual meeting of the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the capltol at Hartford. May 5. at 10:.'iOa.m. Let all Interested In bee-culture make an extra effort to be present. Waterbury, Conn, Mrs. W. E, Kiley, Sec. 272 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. April 29, 1897. Wa ■% !■ M A Copy of tUtt Successful Hee-Kecping, r n I r by W. Z. Hutchinson ; I IKkk and our 1897 Catalog;, fori!- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog lor Ibe ANkins. We make almost Evcryibiiig used by Bee-Keepers, and at IjOivost Frlces. Our Falcon Polisht Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have llie best— sHcli as we make. Tlie Amerif au Bee ■ Keeper [monthly, now ia Its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. t-.iMPLE FREE— Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hfves, $.iO for the best 100 Danz. sections •• 25 " 25 •• 50 '• 20 " 20 '• 40 " 10 •• 10 ■• 20 '• " 5 ■' 5 •• 10 \^g~ Further particulars regarding the pre- mlmums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, lurnisht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Ilanzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care Tbe A, I. Koot Company. For Sale, Choice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at $5.00 ; Nuclei, $1 per Frame. — Queens In Tbclr Season.— Also a Full Stock of the B. Taylor Handy «^'^-*'^s^,rp^p1TEs. Send for Catalog, to— F. A. CROWELL, Granger, Minn. 17A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. I AEISE TO SA7 to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOlilTTI^E has concluded to sell — BEKS and gUKENS— In their eeasun, during i 897, at thefollowlDR prtces : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames. In light BhippinK-box $6 00 Five Colonies 25 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i 00 6 '* queens 12 1 teste's Qneen... S " Queens . I selecttestedqueensuo 3 " " Queens 4 oo Belecttested queen. previouB season's rearing. . 4 (X) Extra Selected for breeding, thk vkrt best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, fa.oo extra. IV Circular free, giving full partlonlarB regarC- iDR the Bees and each class of Queens. Address 5 50 1000 f I so 3 50 6. M. DOGLITTLE llA2Bt % BOHODTNO, Onon. Co., N. Y. IIB MONEY IN POULTRY 10A131 Bl OUR LARGE GUIDE i>i "y> jusL out. KoiiiHthing entirely new. IIX) paseH, Printed in linest colortid work. Coiitainn everylhini; iiertuinin^ to I'nul- tryinfull. PRICES REDUCED on irtt Prize Winnerw and Kkk^. PoHl|iair. BY HON. EUGENE SECOR, FOREST CITY, IOWA. I come with a song for a tree near my cottage — A treasure God placed in his own garden-bed; A tree which has stood while my wife and my children Grew sweet as the creamy-white blossoms o'er head. Around it the giants of Nature are standing — The oak and the walnut — primeval and grand ; But nothing in forest or field can compare with The linden in whose cooling presence I stand. When suns of mid-summer are hot and oppressive. We keep our noon-trysting beneath its deep shade; Its emerald root gives a promise of shelter From fiery old Phoebus when scorching the glade. The catbiri and robin have left the ripe berries, To rest in the boughs of my favorite tree; They'll give me a song for the fruit which they pilfered, And evening shall witness a bird-jubilee. How charming to me is the music created By swift-flying bees when exploring its bloom! My dreamy repose as I swing in my hammock Is often enricht hy its grateful perfume. Oh, sing not to me of blest Araby's odors — Of spices and incense from tropical seas ! But watt to my senses the fragrance of linden Exhaled by the breath of the homecoming bees. — Gleanings in Bee-Culture. Bees, Honey and Flowers in California. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. The California bee-keepers are expecting a large honey crop the present season. The rain has been very abundant all through Southern California. The flowers are already very abundant, and there seems only one further factor re- quisite to a fine crop of honey, and that is good weather. Oc- casionally, just as the honey season opens, there come dry, hot winds, or possibly cold winds, which seem to dry up the flow- ers, so that there is an absence of nectar. This, however, very rarely happens in Southern California, and so we may hope with some confidence for a good honey season. The last week has been very warm. The flowers have opened in great numbers, and the bees have been fairly jubi- lant as they rush to tho fields in search of the precious nectar. This has led to swarming, which has been taking place very generally the past week. It is feared that it has taken many bee-keepers by surprise. One bee-keeper came to mo and wisht to know if I had hives to spare. The wise bee-keeper will always take time by the forelock, and be prepared for just such emergencies. It is not wise to leave the purchase of sup- plies to the last moment. Such action often leads to no incon- siderable loss. In California there seems the less excuse, for we usually know as early as February if the rainfall will war- rant a honey season. With this knowledge, hives and other supplies should be secured that all Tniiy be in readiness at the dawn of the swarming season, as also at the dawn of the honey season. The new comer in California is always meeting with sur- prises. This season a new surprise has come to me. I have already stated in tho American Bee Journal that California flowers are very long in blossom. I think this more remarka- ble of California than of any other regioti that I have ever vis- ited. This season our flowers came out much earlier tbaa my, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 277 they did in either of the three previous years since I came here in the fall of 1893. My class in botany is pursuinR this sub- ject from April to June, inclusive. As I saw the April flowers out In March, and even February, this year, I felt a regret that my students would fail to study many of our most beauti- ful blossoms. I find now that my regrets were wholly unnec- essary, for while many of the blossoms came out several weeks earlier than in previous years, yet I find nearly all of them in blossom now. In fact, I doubt if we shall miss a single one. It would seem that some of tlie flowers are slower to develop, and thus not all feel the effects of the early seasons. This' adds another glory to Southern California ; for It adds to the profusion of flowers which always greets the lover of nature as he strolls forth over the fields in the spring-time. Los Angeles Co., Calif., April !!•. Report of the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Convention BY JAS. A. STONE, SEC. LContlnutd from page 262.] Mr. Geo. P. RDbbins^then read the followiog paper : THE bee-keepers' PROBLEM OF THE FUTDRE. In announcing this subject I don't aim to give you an im- pression that the object of this paper is to furnish a solution of the question — the future itself must solve this problem. My intention is only to state the question and suggest a possible solution. The problem in brief is this: Are there any means by which bee keepers can be made sure of a regular annual honey crop? If so, what are those means? If I could be sure of crop of 50 pounds per colony every year, at the low price of 10 cents per pound, I could safely invest all my small re- sources in bee-culture — could make a fair living, and lay up a little money, perhaps. The uncertainties of bee-culture are its greatest drawback. And under the conditions of climate, etc., we have been having, and are likely still to have, the un- certainties are almost certain to be in even a greater degree than heretofore, if we must continue to depend upon the same flowers to furnish the nectar. The linden groves are being cut away, never to be re- newed. The swamps and bottom lands that used to grow such quantities of autumn-yielding honey-plants are becoming drained and tilled, while the constantly recurring drouths kill out the prince of honey-plants — while clover. And the drouths themselves are likely to continue. Cutting off the timber and draining waste lands make evaporation much more rapid, and hence irregular ; give a cleaner sweep to the winds, by which and other means the annual rainfall is diminisht, and drouths become more fre- quent, and of longer continuance. Indeed, our long summer drouths have become almost a fixture of our Illinois climate, with every prospect of their continuance. For a strong testi- mony to these things read the able paper of Dr. Daniel Berry, in the Report of the State Farmers' Institute for 1896, page 12-1:. That the causes I have mentioned do produce drouths 1 believe scientific men generally agree. Hence, I say, the prospects of obtaining good annual crops of honey are far from bright, if we must still depend upon the same old sources. Must we conclude, then, that bee-culture is a dying indus- try, so far as our State is concerned ? That would seem to be the case from what I have said. So far, indeed, the conclu- sion is unavoidable. I have said, however, if we continue to depend upon the old sources of honey. If, then, we are to be more sure of honey crops we must look to cultivated plants, in the main. I say in the main, because, while sweet clover is booming into prominence as a honey-plant, if sown by the wayside and in pastures where alone it seems to be profitable, it can hardly be clast with cultivated plants. But red clover, crimson or Alsike, are properly cultivated plants. Alfalfa may or may not prove a staple crop in Illinois. I don't know what to say about crimson clover. It may prove a success in some parts of the State, and become some- thing of a staple crop. Red clover will probably never prove to be a boney-plant. But one known honey clover, at least, may and should become a leading crop on Illinois farms. That is Alsike. It is no digression from the subject to devote a paragraph or two here to the value of clover in general as a farm crop. Clover is pre-eminently valuable for two purposes, viz.: 1st, As a food for stock ; 2nd, As a fertilizer. Its merits in these respects are beginning to be recognized, but still they are not known as they should be. All Illinois farmers ought to have heard the talk of Prof. Carter, on clovers, at the State Farm- ers' Institute last Tuesday afternoon (Feb. 23, 1897). I want to call attention here to some of the leading points of his address. He shows that clover hay possesses in the largest measure the protein chiefly necessary to make bone, muscle and fat, of all stock foods. Both analysis of the foods and actual experience prove this. But of even greater importance than that are its merits as a fertilizing crop. Mr. Carter shows from the re- ports of the experiment station, and his own experiments, that a clover sod turned under in the fall or late summer has produced better results than ground well manured with barn- yard manure. In one case a clover field of 12 acres thus plowed up had been divided into 12 lots. Ten of these lots had had that many varieties of artificial fertilizers added, and the whole planted to corn. The two which had not received the extra treatment, actually yielded better results than those which had. Mr. Carter's address will, I presume, be printed in full in the forthcoming Report, and it must certainly prove one of the most valuable papers of this session of the State Farmers' Institute. The points already given show that clover culture should become one of the leading enterprises of the Illinois farmer. But in addition I want to suggest another. Illinois farmers would find it would pay to practice a system of rotation of crops, covering a period of about three years, but varied per- haps as circumstances might suggest, in the following order : Corn or other tilled crop, small grain of some kind, and clover, allowing the latter to stand one year after seeding, and thus return to tilled crops again. While the prime object of this system is renovating the soil, the value of clover as a feed chimes in well with the system. The merits of clover in general being thus seen, I may now pass to those of Alsike in particular. We are not with- out testimonies to the effect that Alsike is worth more than the generally-grown red clover, at least for certain purposes. Mr. Stone can tell you of a man near Elgin, engaged in dairy- ing, who claims that actual tests prove that this clover fed to cows produces more milk of a better quality than the red, while one farmer at least, whom we personally know, says that Alsike clover as a hay or forage plant is the best milk and butter food he knows. That is Mr. Cooper, of Sherman^ not a noted man, but a pretty intelligent kind of a man, none the less. Mr. Carter observed that a liveryman would say, "Red clover hay is not a healthy food for horses," and simply com- mented that the liveryman "don't know that." The great trouble in this case is, that the liveryman is too near correct. One very superior quality of Alsike clover is that it lacks the fuzzy, or hairy, bloom which is the unhealthy ingredient of red clover. The conclusion of all this is, that when the merits of Alsike clover as a farm crop become known, and it shall be generally grown, we may be much more certain of honey crops, as the properties of this clover as a honey-plant are admitted. I want to add another thing : If the system of rotation 1 have described should be practiced, I think we would have more regular crops of white clover bloom than we now have. Where clover has grown for many years there are always countless seeds in the ground only awaiting favorable condi- tions to germinate. As a consequence, I have seen a crop of white clover bloom in a field seeded the second year to small grain. I have known, also, where wheat and red clover have been alternated for some years, the clover would seed itself. Hence, I think if this system of rotation were practiced, growing tilled crops only one or two years in succession, there might generally be a white clover bloom every year the Alsike should be grown. Certainly if it should germinate, a drouth would not kill it out, as it does in a blue-grass sod. Some reports seem to indicate that Alsike does not reseed and perpetuate itself very well — that red clover is much better in that respect. This is no great factor if the ground is to be plowed up and tilled af'-er growing one crop. I want to add here what I forgot to say in Its proper place, that I don't claim the idea of rotation of crops with 278 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 6, clover as a prominent factor in the system as original with myself. It has been tried by others, and its merits publisht before 1 ever thought of the plan. Honey will never, perhaps, become a staple in the sense that sugar or potatoes are staple commodities, but at moder- ate prices it has already become so near such that it will com- mand those moderate prices and bo in sufficient demand to make honey-production as profitable a pursuit as the average, if reasonably good crops can be obtained. Whether or not this can be done I am convinced depends largely upon whether or not farmers shall find it to their interest to grow crops that will at the same time yield honey. Geo. F. Bobbins. It was the general opinion of the members that the meet- ing had accomplisht much for the Association by its promi- nence before the State F'armers' Institute. The convention adjourned sine die. Jas. a. Stone, Sec. Texas State Bee-Keepers' Conventiou. The 19th annual session of the Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association met recently at the apiary of W. R. Graham. Owing to the death of Rev. W. K. Marshall, President of the Association, and feeble health of Vice-President W. R. Graham, W. R. Howard, M. D., was elected temporary chair- man. The following bee-men answered roll-call : W. R. Graham, W. R. Howard, P. G. Carter, A. M. Tuttle, M. M. James, M. Kimbrough, C. W. Simpson, J. N. Hunter, P. D. Farmer, A. D. Morgan, A. A. Girdner, W. M. Stapleton, and several visitors. The Association was given the liberty to go through the large bee-supply factory and apiary of Mr. Graham. In the bee-yard were nuclei and special hives for queen-rearing. In the factory the manufacture of everything used by up-to-date bee-keepers was in full blast. At 2 p.m. the meeting was called to order by W. R. How- ard, and prayer offered by J. N. Hunter. A committee was appointed to draft suitable resolutions on the demise of Rev. W. K. Marshall, who died .Ian. 6, 1897. The discussion of honey-producing flora was taken up, especially cotton-bloora. It was generally concluded that the best honey was gathered from the black-land cotton-bloom. Honey-dew figured largely in the discussion. Next the dis- eases of bees was discust, led by Dr. Howard. Queens, hives, feeding and feeders, honey-plants, and sowing alfalfa for bees, all came up for discussion. An ad- journment was then had until the next morning at 9:30. When the Association was called to order by the Presi- dent, pro tern., \V. R. Howard, the committee on memoirs, re- ported the following, which was adopted : Whereas, Our beloved President, W. K. Marshall, has been called from his post of duty amongst us, and has been removed to a higher and holier plane beyond this life ; Whereas, The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association has lost one of its most ardent members, the State and community a faithful citizen and a worthy Christian gentleman ; there- fore, be it Reaolmd, That in this, our unanimous expression of sor- row atid grief, we tender our sincere sympathy to the bereaved family and friends ; that a copy of these resolutions be spread upon the minutes of the Association, and that a copy be sent to the bereaved family. W. R. Howard, .1. N. Hunter :| Committee. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, W. R. Graham ; Vice-President, W. R. Howard ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. N. Hunter, Leonard, Tex. The discussion of the diseases of bees was resumed and discust at length. A resolution of thanks to Mr. Graham and his family for their kind hospitality, and a tender of sympathy to Mr. Graham in his alllictlon, was unanimously adopted. The convention adjourned to meet the first Wednesday and Thursday in April, 1898, at Greenville. J. N. Hunter, See. ■White Clover Seed.— We have quite a quantity of White Clover Seed on hand that we will send you at a bargain. A little of it goes a good ways. It usually retails at 25 or ;30 cents per pound, but we will mull you 2 pounds for 40 cents, or for sending us one new subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a year. OONDnCTKD BY DR. O. O. MILLER, MARMNGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. MUIer direct. 1 Combs of Honey from a Colony lliat Had Paralysis). I had a colony of bees that I think had bee-paralysis, and I destroyed them with sulphur. Upon examination I find the combs nice and straight, nearly all worker. Can I with safety use the combs '? As they were in a single story it will only be a loss of ten combs, which I had rather lose than run the risk, if there is any. The combs are filled with brood and honey. Will it hurt the bees to clean them up ? A. v., Louisiana. Answer — I think no one has ever reported the conveying of the disease from combs or honey, so I should use them. Use of the Dummy or Divistion- Board. In the book " A Year Among the Bees," we read on page 49, line 1-1 : " When it frames ;" and on page 50, lines 23 to 27: "The -4 or o frames top-bar." I tried this plan last year, but it did not work well with me. My bees build new combs on the lath in the empty room and filled them with honey before they went into the sections. Now I would like to know : 1. How wide is the dummy (empty space) between the comb and division-board ? 2. Has the empty room, north of the division-board, to be shut up (so close) on top and below that no bee can get in if? G. R. Answers. — Bee-keeping is rather an unfortunate subject to write a book about, because what seemed right ten years ago may seem quite different now. At present I don't follow the plan about which you are inquiring. Bees don't make very good work in that part of the super that has no brood- combs under it, and in general it is better to leave combs un- der the whole super. But I'll try to answer your questions. Remember that a 10-frame hive was used, loj^ inches wide inside, and over it was placed a super 12 'g inches wide inside. When the super was put on, that left 2}-i inches of the width of the hive uncovered, as explained on page 51. Possibly you covered that 2)4 Inches, and if so you'd be pretty sure to have plenty of comb built in the empty space. With the dummy and division-board between them and the brood- combs, and nothing bi t the open sky above them, the bees were not much inclined to build. The dummy was made of inch lumber, and was just the size of a frame of brood-comb. The bees were not prevented from going into the empty space, for althothe division-board fitted quite close at the ends, bees could freely pass under It in most cases. As already said, the freedom from comb-building came from the separation of the bees and from the openness of the place. Swarming — InlroduoinK Queens— Early Queens Dark. 1. On the third Monday in March I had a large swarm from a very strong colony of Italians. I caged the queen when she came out, and let the bees hive themselves, by re- moving the mother colony to a new stand. On examination of the old colony I found 9 capt queen-cells. The same day I made equal division of 8 strong colonies by removing 5 frames and the queen and all adhering bees, besides giving them the bees from one more frame by shaking the bees oft. I closed the entrance with wire-cloth until the next evening, and then gave to the queenless part on the old stand a capt queen-cell In a Doollttle queen-cell protector. Only two cells were capt, and the two colonies swarmed as soon as their first cell was capt. I caught the queens and returned them, and ISi^'i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 279 destroyed all cells. Why did they swarm ? or why did they prepare queen-cells when they already had the capt cell I gave thptn ? 2. Will a queenless colony of bees accept a queen at the entrance of the hive, as the queen hatches? That is, lu cut- ting out cells some of them would hatch in my hand and I let them crawl out into a queenless hive. My bees are doing splendidly. They have been bringing in honey for over 30 days. 3. Some of the queens reared from yellow mothers are as black as can be. Will the black queen from a yellow mother mated with a yellow drone produce yellow bees ? The only solution I can guess at is, that the spring has been cool. This Is my first experience in artificial increase. New Berne, N. C. Answers. — 1. The two colonies that swarmed were in the same condition as any colony that casts a second swarm. They had a young queen just emerged, and a number of young queens .just ready to emerge, and what perhaps had still more to do with the case, they had probably quite a stroiig force of field-bees, and these were busily bringing in honey. Under such conditions any colony would swarm that half knew its business. A queenless colony will nearly always prepare not merely a single queen-cell, but a number of them, and your giving them one would not change their instinct in that respect. If you had given a dozen queen-cells to each one they probably would have started others. Now I'll answer a question or two that you haven't askt. You might have had better results by proceeding differently. Instead of putting the queen on a new stand, you ought to have left her on the old stand, putting the queenless part on the new stand. It is not necessary to fasten in the bees for 2-t hours. Most of the field-bees would go back to the old queen, and that would be all right. At the end of 24 hours they would be reduced in numbers, no honey coming in, and feeling meek enough to accept thankfully a queen-cell from you. Even if they started other cells they would be destroyed as soon as the first hatcht. 2. Generally they will. 3. It is a common thing for queens reared early in the season in cool weather to be darker than those reared later, just as you supposed. But their workers may be just as light as any. Some of the imported queens are very dark. Not Flyins Mucli — Traii$rcrring — Preventing Foul Brood. 1. March 10 I bought a colony of bees in a Langstroth hive, paying .S5 for them. At first they seemed all right. On warm days a good many were flying out, but for the last two or three weeks they have not flown much. Some warm days they fly pretty well, but most of the time they do not go out, but loaf around on the alighting-board. Tlie man that I bought them of told me to feed them every day to get the queen to laying, so from the first I put a feeder on the frames, and every night (with a lantern for light) I put in syrup made from granulated sugar. Was it wrong to open the hive on cool nights, if only for a few seconds? If the queen is lost or dead, is it any fault of mine? There seems to be plenty of bees, and no dead ones around the hive. What is the matter with them ? 2. I have a colony in a box-hive, the top of which is easy to get off, but the bottom is nailed tight. When I transfer them can I drum them out from the top, or will I have to in- vert the hive and get them out from the bottom. 3. I saw in a copy of the Bee Journal that carbolic acid and tar placed in a little box with the cover perforated aud put under the frame in a hive was a sure cure for foul brood. Wouldn't it be a good idea to keep the acid and tar in every hive, so as to prevent foul brood ? Perhaps It would keep the bee-moth out, too. Bridgeport, Conn. Answers. — 1. It isn't easy to say without knowing more minutely about the case. Possibly the colony is all right. AVhen bees have the first chance in spring, they make a big time flying out, no matter if they can't do anything but to fly around and come back again. After that they are more sav- ing of their strength, and don't do much flying except to some purpose. If there is nothing upon which the bees can forage, you ought not to expect them to fly much. It isn't well to open a hive when it is cool, but probably you didn't do much barm by opening it for a few seconds. But don't do so any more. Let bees alone when it's cool, unless they are in dan- ger of immediate starvation. And it's about as comfortable to starve to death as to freeze to death. If the queen was all right your opening the hive would probably not result in her death, altho it might have some tendency in that direction. 2. You can drum out just as well without inverting, and probably better. The only object in inverting the hive is be- cause the hive is open at the bottom and not at the top. But I'm a little puzzled to know how a box-hive can have its top easily removable. Perhaps, however, the combs are fastened to bars, and not directly to the top. 3. Not much attention is paid to the use of drugs either for the cure or prevention of foul brood in this country, but across the big pond they pin their faith no little to them, many making a practice of constantly using something like naphthaline or carbolic acid as a preventive. It can at least do no harm, unless so strong as to be oflensive to the bees. It Is doubtful whether it would do any good to keep out moths. The microbes or bacilli of foul brood are not of animal growth like moths, but vegetable. A Plan of Dividing a Colony. Having a colony of Italian bees which I wish to divide, in order to get two or more queens from the Italian mother, can I proceed in this way, viz.: After fixing a division-board in an empty S-frame hive, take six frames out of the old hive, putting three on each side of the division-board, and making the entrance of each on the opposite ends of the hive ? How long should the bees be confined ? The remaining two frames I would leave in the old hive with the queen. I suppose, of course, that the three frames of bees would each rear a queen. If you do not approve of the above, kindly suggest a better plan. C. M. M. Answek. — Your plan will work all right, the only trouble being that you're not as likely to get good queens as if they were reared in a strong colony. I should prefer this plan : Take two frames with the queen and adhering bees, and put them into another hive on a new stand. That leaves the old colony strong to rear queens cf the best character. A week later put the queen with her two frames back on the old stand, and put your hive with the middle partition where the old queen has been. The bees being now queenless will mostly stay wherever put. Perhaps you may do well to leave only two of the frames in each nucleus, giving the other frame from each to the old queen. If the weather should be at all cool at any of the time, you will find quite an advantage iu having the two nuclei in one hive. Be sure there is no com- munication inside between the two compartments, and on each side put the brood-frames close to the division-board, which is best to be not more than H or % inch thick. Questions About Swarming. As swarming time is drawing near, I would like to ask you a question or two concerning the same. I have only a few colonies, being a beginner. I am interested in them, and wish to learn all I can. 1. Can a person tell within a day or two, at most, when a swarm will issue ? Some tell me they will issue leaving only capt queen-cells ; others say the young queen is always hatcht first. 2. After a swarm issues, should all the queen-cells but one be cut out immediately, or in a day or two ? 3. Do second swarms ever come off accompanied by more than one queen ? If so, please explain it. J. M. O. Answeks — 1. No, you can't tell for sure within a day or two. During the swarming season, when you find a colony that has a good laying queen with a number of sealed queen- cells, you may feel pretty sure it will swarm within a week, in fact generally within a day, but you can't always be sure, for sometimes they seem to change their minds and give up swarming. As a rule, the colony swarms with the old queen as soon as the first queen-cell is sealed. It would be a very unusual thing to wait till the young queen was hatcht. 2. Very few bee-keepers practice cutting out queen-cells after a swarm issues. 3. Sometimes quite a number of young queens will come off with the last after-swarm. I hardly know what there is to explain about it. The bees seem to have given up the idea of keeping the young queens confined in their cells, all are allowed to emerge, and being free they are more likely to go with the crowd than to stay in the hive. C7° This is a good time to work for new subscribers. 280 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 6, CBORGB W^. YORK, - Editor. PUBLISHT WEEKLY BT GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 118 Micliis^aii St., - CHICAGO, ILT^. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the Post-Offlce at ChicaKO aa Second-Class Mall-Matter. VflLinVII. CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 6, M, M 18 Editorial CQnfn)cr)i^^ New ITnion Membersliip Fees are coming to this office DOW. That is right; just send your New Union dollars to the Bee Journal office, and we will promptly turn them over to the proper officer, who will then send you a re- ceipt. Remember, the General Manager can't do a thing towards carrying out the objects of the new society without having a good bank account to fall back upon. So in order to get the General Manager to work, we must furnish him the wherewithal to begin on. We would like to see the Bee Jour- nal readers well represented on the membership roll of the New Union. American Fruit Growers' Union.— Hon. Geo. E. Dudley, one of Utah's leading honey-producers, wrote us as follows lately, concerning the American Fruit Growers' Union, which may some day be able to help out bee-keepers ill the marketing of large crops of honey : Editor York :— I wish to know through the columns of the American Bee Journal, something about the " American Fruit Growers' Union." They advertise to handle honey with farm produce, and have ageuts in all the large cities in the United States. The general idea is good, but is there any way for you to find out whether they are reliable or not ? If this American Fruit Growers' Union is all right, would it not be a good idea to talk with them and get a reliable honey-man to take the honey department with them, and keep in communication with all the large towns and cities, so as to have the honey crop distributed where it should be, instead of Its being piled up in some cities to such an extent as to glut the market and ruin prices ? Unless a well known man could be placed at the head of such a department, producers of honey would be afraid to ship to them in large lots. Geo. E. DaDLBv. Upon receipt of Mr. Dudley's letter we called at the office of the Fruit Growers' Union, and had quite an extended inter- view with them. We also, fortunately, met the Union's Den- ver agent, who previously had a 27 years' experience In the produce commission business. From what we could learn, we believe this Union has a great future, and can be of wonderful service to Its patrons. But It Is yet in its experimental stage, and while It anticipates handling some honey this year, we think It is hardly in a posi- tion to do an extensive business in that line now. We really believe that some such organization is just the thing for larger producers of honey to cooperate with, for they can have the facilities for handling the honey-business In connection with their fruit trade, that bee-keepers' couldn't possibly afford alone. That Is, the honey industry is not suffi- ciently extensive to swing itself in such a manner, and do It profitably to honey-producers. We believe the California Bee-Keepers' Exchange expects to try working in connection with, or through, the American Fruit Growers' Union this year, and after one season's experi- ence it will be better known whether it would be advisable for all large honey-producing sections in the country to thus con- nect themselves with the Union. We think the Union has the right idea, but it is a stupen- dous scheme. Of course the majority of the best commission men are opposing it, for they seem to think that it proposes to annihilate them. But such fears are groundless. We believe, finally, that all honest commission men will welcome its aid, tho it can be invariably counted on that the fraudulent con- cerns will forever be against it. You see it will simply cut off the chance for them to get their hands into the producers' pockets, when all produce is first sold to or through the Union. If a success, it certainly will effectually kill out the snide commission dealers — a thing greatly to be desired. Perhaps we have said enough on this subject for this time. As soon as we can lesrn something a little more definite concerning it, we will again bring up the subject in these calumns. ^-.-►^ Back Xumbers Since Jan. i. — We are able to supply complete sets of the Bee Journal since Jan. 1, 1897, to any who may desire, at two cents per copy. There are a number of new readers who perhaps would like to get some of the first numbers of this year, to complete their volume for 1897. We shall be glad to furnish them as long as they last, at two cents each. Stingfless Bees of Central America.— Mr. J. H. Martin, in the March Rural Californian, in speaking of stingless bees, says that "the Department of Agriculture is making inquiries into the honey-producing value of the sting- less bees of Honduras. A colony of the genus TSIelipona was brought to the Department grounds in Washington and kept under observation for some time, but they did not prosper; failed to breed up though fed regularly, and finally deserted the hive. The entomologist further reports that these bees win not withstand our winters, as they do not thrive where the temperature goes below 50^ Fahr. They are considered of no value here." *—-* Queen-Bees and tlie mails.— We received an advance proof of the following from Mr. Ernest R. Root, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United States Bee- Keepers' Union, which also appeared in Gleanings for May 1: QUEENS EXCLUDED FROM THE MAIL8. A gentleman conversant with mail matters informed E. T. Abbott, ex-Presideiit of the North American Bee-Keepers' Association, that the Government was "talking of excluding queens from the mails." This would indeed be a calamity to the bee-keepers of the United States. The sending of queens by mail has grown to be a large and important industry. Any- where from five to ten thousand dollars' worth of queens are sold in a single season in this country alone. Great good re- sults in the interchange of stock, and without this interchange there would very soon be inbreeding. Our older readers will remember that there was a time when queens were debarred from the mails, simply because one ignoramus of a bee-keeper attempted to send a queen and some bees in a lllmsy paper box. Of course, the box broke and let the angry bees out into one of the important offices of the service. The result was that Uncle Sam shut down on send- ing any more queens through the mails, and we all had to send queens by express at a charge of from 15 cents to $1.00. These charges, for the time being, killed the industry. I wonder if another ignoramus has tried sending bees or queens in another paper box, or doing something else equally foolish. It would bo interesting to know why the Government should be talking at this time about " excluding queens from the malls." Bee-keepers have enjoyed the privilege for the last ny?. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 281 15 years, and we were not aware that there had been any trouble since the paper-box incident. It was Prof. A. J. Cook who made a special trip to Wash- ington to get the queens readmitted to the mails, and he was successful ; but the condition was made that there should be two sheets of wire-cloth over the opeuiuK to the cage. But In later years bee-keepers have, instead of two sheets, .used one, and a'thin strip of board over the wire. This conforms to the npiril of the law — in fact, Is better than the two pieces of wire-cloth. WORK FOR THK NEW UNION. The I'nited States Bee-Keepers' Union, recently organized, has been advised of this matter; and as a member of the Board of Directors, I feel sure it will take energetic and prompt aciion. But in order to accomplish much in this or any other direction there must be more means and more funds at the disposal of the (ieneral Manager, Mr Secor. I'nder the circumstances, the new organization has made a good start ; but it needs something more than a good beginning to do the work that it has laid out for itself. Bee-keepers every- where who are interested in seeing that queens are not shut out from the mails, in fighting di^ihouest commission men. in coping with the adulteration evil — in fact, in any and every thing that needs intelligent and organized effort, should send In their names, accompanied by .SI. 00, at once to the (ieneral Manager, Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa, or to the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. If more conven- ient, the money may be sent to George VV. York, 118 Michi- gan Street, Chicago, or to this office, and we will see that the money is duly forwarded; and the persons enrolled as mem- bers. Remember, the amount is .SL.OO. This entitles you to all the privileges of the organizition, and allows you to have a voice in certain matters at the annual meeting, whether you are present or not. We are glad the New Union has taken hold of this matter promptly, for we are sure that when the Postmaster General finds that bee-keepers have an organization that looks after all their interests, he will be only too glad to see that their is DO Interference with so needful and rightful a thing as the permission of queen-bees through the mails, as has been the practice for so many years. As Chairman Root says, to exclude queen-bees from the mails would be a serious blow to the onward progress of im- proved bee-culture in this country, and certainly a wise Post- master General will not unnecessarily injure so useful and honorable an Industry. Bee-keepers will readily see that in order for the New Union to properly look after their interests, they must become members of it. This they should do at once, for certainly it is not fair that a very few should bear the e.xpense of work which is for the benefit of all. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Mr. J. T. Jones, of Maryland, when renewing his sub- scription wrote : "The 'Old Reliable ' is a welcome weekly visitor, and when It fails to show up it will be when I can no longer raise the wherewithal." Mr. L. M. Willis, of Clark Co., Wis., was recently elected for the fourth term to the position of Town Clerk. This shows what the folks that know him best think of him. He evidently doesn't belong to the class that " are without honor save in their own country." Mr. Thos. Evtlns, of Lansing, Iowa, is now advertising his process of sheeting wax for making comb foundation. Unfortunately, in the first appearnnce of his advertisement in the Bee Journal last week we had his address printed "Lans- ing, Mich." It should have been Lansing, Iowa. Mr. I. J. STRINGHA.M, of New York State, writing us April 22, said : " The reports from everywhere seem to indicate a big honey crop. We had lots of snow, and that usually means lots of clover, which is coming right along now. Everybody is buying supplies, which is another good sign." Mr. a. Y. Baldwin, of DeKalb Co., when sending in his dollar for membership in the New Union, had this to say : "Here is my dollar for the New Union, and my best wishes go with it, and all else that I can do to promote its best Interests. May you and the Union be prompted in any way to put down any fraud or dishonest person or corporation to the lowest notch possible." Mr. J. E. Pond— of our "Questlon-Bix" force— wrote thus April 22: "Editor York:— The season here seems to open well, and if everything keeps up as it has, it will be favorable for a honey crop. But, then, we don't produce much honey here, anyhow. I am pleased to see that the American Bee Journal keeps on in the old line, and abreast of the times. This is to be expected, of course, but still you are entitled to thanks for your efforts. I appreciate your work." Mrs. N. L. Stow— a successful bee-keeper about 10 miles north of Chicago— is still " Mrs. Alderman Stow," as Mr. S. was lately re-elected alderman for his ward In the Evanston city council. But that doesn't mean that he is " Stow-ed away " in a cozy place, for to be the right kind of an alderman in a thriving city like cultured Evanston, is no "soft snap." And Mr. Stow will be the "right kind," every time. But if he should get cantankerous, Mrs. S. can easily turn the bees loose on him, and make him into a big " pin-cushion !" Mr. V?. L. Porter, Vice-President of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association, wrote us from Arapahoe county, April 27 : "The bees are all right so far, and we are in hopes we will not have the trouble we had last year. The Denver mar- ket is bare of extracted honey, but there are quantities of the adulterated stuff." Better try to get an anti-adulteration law in Colorado, and then all your ;bee-keepers join the New Union, and it will help you enforce the law. No-w for Ne-w Subscribers for the rest of isy7 : We would like to have each of our present readers send us at least one 71CU) sub.scribe?- for the Bee Journal before June 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only 60 cents for the rest of this year. That is about S months, or only 7}-^ cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new 60-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list: Wood Binder for the Bee Jouraal. 50 copies ot leaflet on •• Why Eui, Houey ?"'.... 50 *■ " on *' How t » Keep H >ney 30 " " on '■ Alsike Clover" 6 copies "Honey as Food and Medicine" 1 copy each " Preparation of Hoiiev lor the Market "(10c.) and DooUttle'B " Hive I U-e " i3e 1 copy each Dadants' "Handling Bees" iSoand '■ Bee- Pasturage a Necessity "( lOc. I Dr. Howard's book on " F)ul Brood " Kohnke'8 " Foul Bro..d " boo < i-^- • i y;;-j Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book ilOj.) and Dadants " Hand- ling Bees" [8c ] IJr. Foote'B Hand-Bookot Health Rural Life Book Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Feild Poultry tor Market and Proflt, by Fanny Field Capons and Caponizlng Turkeys for Market and Proflc Green s Four Books on Fruit-Growing Ropp Commercial CalcuUlor No I Silo and SUaRe. by Prof. Cook Bienen-Kultur LGerman] Kendall's Horse-Book [English or German] 1 Pound White Clover tiecd 1 " Sweet •• ■• m •• AUike '• " m •■ Alfalfa " " m '• Crimson " " Queen-CUpplng Device 20c. ■!0c. 20c. 20c. 20c. 13j. 18r. 2Ac. 25c. 18c. 250. 25c. 25c. 2.^c. 2.5c. 2nc. •j;5c. 25c. 25c. 40c. 250. 25c. 25c. 25c. 25 c. 25c. 30o. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; In other words, no one sending in his own 60 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offer above. 282 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 6, BEE-BOOKS SEXT POSTPAID BV Georee W. York & Co., ChlcaKOi Ills. Bees and Honey, or Management of nn Apiary !orPieasnre Hnd I'rudt, by Thomas G. Newman.— This edition has been lar^'uly rewritten. thorouKhly revised, and la '* fully up with the times " In all the trnprovements and Inventions In this rapidly-devel- oping pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everythlnt; thiit can aid In the successful manaee- ment of an aijlary, Hiul at tlio same time produce tho most hoiit'y In an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 pat;es. and :;45 Illustrations— 18 beautifully printed in the hluheststyie of the art, anjd bound Id cloth, gold-lettered, frlce. $1.00. Liiinffstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadiiiit— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely rewritten, and is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard work by Uev. L. L. Laneratruth — the Fatlierof American Bee-Culture. It has 52U pages; bound In cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Bee-K.e3pers* Gnlde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This bouk Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide in beekeeping, but is interesting aud thoroughly practical and sclentlflc. It contains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4(10 pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, J1.25. Sclentlflc Qiieen-Kearlng:, as Practically Applied, by G. M. I)oollttle.~A method by which the very best of t^ueen-Bees are reared in perfect accord with Nature's way. K'i pages, bound la cloth, and illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopiedla of 4l'0 pages, describing everything pertaining to tho care of the houey-bees. It con- tains ;W0 engravinu'w. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by \V. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is too well known to need further descrlpthjn of his book. Ue Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 90 pages, bound in paper, and Illustrated, Price, 60 cts. Rational Bee-li.eepln(c, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —Tills Is a irannlatlun of his latest German book on bee-culture. It lias ;i50 pages: bound In paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newrian. - This Is a German translation of the prlnclppi por- tion of the book called Bees of Honey. 10. page pamphlet. Price. 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order fur Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with eub'jects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tliirty Years Among the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- centurv's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly lou pages. Price, 5oc. AVUy Eat Honey ?— This Leaflet iP intend- ed for FRKE distribution, to create a Local Market. 100 copies, by mail, :ju cts.: 5tHJ for $1.2.); lotiti, $2.(X). Hoiv^ to Keep Houey and pre.serve Its richness and Havor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Alsike Clover lioaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for '2'> cts. ; loo for 40 cts.; 200, 7oc. Apiary Kejjistcr, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies. |1.(m.i; for 100 colonies, $1.25. Preparation of lEouey for the Market, Including the pruduutlon and care of comb and extracted liuney. A chapter from Bees AND HoxEV. I'rlee. 10 cents. Bee-Punturaicc a Necessity.— This book sug Rests what and Imw to plai< it Is a chapter fron Bees axo Uunev. Price. 10 cents. The lllvc I ITMe, by G. M. DooUttle. It details his management of bec^s, and motbods of producloj? comb honey. Price. 5 cents. Dr. Iloward^s Itook on Foiil Brood* —Gives the McBvoy Treatment and reviews the ex< perimentsof others. Price, 2.'j cts. Dictionary of Apiculture, by Prof. John Phln. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 5(Kt apl- cultural terras. I'rlce. .w cts. Winter Problem In Bee-KeepinR. by G. B. Pierce. Kesult of 25 years' experience. 50 eta. Handllns RecM, by Chas Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Kevlsed. Price, h cts. Fonl Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood* by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. History of Bee-Aseociations, and Brief Re- ports of the flrst 20 conventions. Price, 15 cts. Honey as Food aud ITIedlclne, by T. G. Newman.— A 32-page pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand for honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Contains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies. Puddings. Foam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; lo copies. 35 cts.; .'^.o for $1,50: nmfor $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 for$lu.(iO; or lOOO for $1.'j.(K). When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Bee-Keeping: for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or huw to get the largest yields of combor extracted honey." 80 p.; illustrated. 25c. Eniersou Binders^ made especially for the Bee Journal, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. l^buund in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price, 4(> cts. No. 2 in tine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price. 60 cts. Green's Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to. 1st. How We Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd. Peach Culture; :^rd, liow to Propagate Fruit- Plants, Vines and Trees; 4th. General Fruit In- structor. Nearly 120 patros. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A, Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Culd Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silage, by Prof. A J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price. 25 cts. Ijumber and Log-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. ITIaple Sugar iind the Su?ar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Canonizing, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.- Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price. 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. ,i^ Poultry for fflarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything aboutthe Poultry Business. 64 payes. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for Market and Turkeys for Protlt. by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Rural Ijife.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits. Vege- tables, and Household Matters. 100 pages. 25 eta. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them profitably. Price, 40 cts. If and-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price. 5(pc. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Bead Carefully.) The foUowlDg: clubbing prices Include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only osE book can be taken In each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page FoUowlngls the clubblng-Ust: 1. Langstroth on tho Honey-Bee J^.OO 2. A B (Jof Bee-Culture 2.00 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 11. 12, 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. IS. 19. 21. 23. 24. Bee-Keeper's Guide 1 .75 Bees and Honey ICloth bound! 1.65 Doollttle's Sclentlflc Queen-Rearing. 1.75 Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 Bleneu-Kultur [German] 1.20 Rational Bee-Keeplng [Paper toundl 1.75 Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 Couventlon HandBook 1,15 Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 Capons and Caponizing 1.10 Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 Green'sFour Books 1.15 Garden and Orchard 1.15 Rural Life 1.10 Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2.. 1.40 Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 Potato Culture 1.20 Hand-Book of Health 1.10 Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1.20 Silo and Silage 1.10 Winter Problem in Bee-KeepIng 1.30 Apiary Register (lor .^0 colonies).. . . 1.75 Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 ^ ^ ^ California If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated, 12.00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRES§, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. •S* MONEY Saved is Money Gained. •^ THE ROYAL UION Life Insurance Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Ageuts Wauted. ^ IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., for his rt • I Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade, UNG DISEASES. .in years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- Ical treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. IlilillV HONEY-EXTRACTOR lUnm S Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's rriees. Bee-Kkepeiis' SuppMES in general, etc etc Send lor our new catalog. ^ " PracllenI Hints " will he mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. IS'J', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 283 Qer^cral Ugjt^s. Good Outlook— Fly-Paper. I have "16 colouies of bees in very Rood condition. 1 had (iO in the fall, but some were not very strong, and I have been doubling up. 'i'bey comiueufed to bring in pollen Feb. ITi. The outlook for a honey harvest is good. Was there a reoipe publisht in the Bee Journal telling how to make flypaper ; I have lookt all day through the back num- bers, and have failed to find it. I want tly- paper to catch roaches and wasps. They are very numerous here and troublesome. (Hev.) James G. Tetek. McMin Co., Tenu., April 1. [In 1S'.)4, we publisht the following direc- tions for making fly-paper, which first ap- peared in the Progressive Bee-Keeper, from the pen of the late Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck ;— Editor.] Take one pint castor-oil; ^^ pint of honey, and I'o pounds of resin. Heat the oil and honey together; when hot. add the resin; stir till all is dissolved and thoroughly mixt. Spread on paper, and place where flies congregate. It makes no mess, and all flies stick fast. Two sheets of paper may be placed together, and when wanted, pulled apart by warming a little by the fire. It will not dry up for a long time. Enough may be prepared at a time to last all the season. The preparation can be kept in any covered dish, and used when wanted. Experience in Shipping- Honey. Years ago I shipt 1.000 pounds of honey by freight to a commission house. A few days after 1 received a letter that the honey was received, but in a dreadfully bad shape, broken and leaking, and all smeared over with honey ; they would have an awfultime to fix it up for sale, but would do the very best they could for me; they were sorry for me, as the railway hands are so carele.»s in handling freight. Well, I had a brother in-law living in the same city, so I wrote him thus; " Dear Brother:— Go to the commission house of Messrs. So-and-so. and take their letter and the order I send you. and take all the broken honey and use it in your family. If there is more than you can use, give the balance to the rest of our friends," etc. He wrote me thus; "I went to see the parties; there were a few cases of honey on the ground floor. I was looking at it when one of the firm came to me and askt me it I wanted honey. I told him I was only looking at it. It was very nice. ' Ho you deal largely in honey V 1 askt." •• Yes. sir; we get it by the carload from California. Come upstairs and 111 show you a fine lot we got in a few days ago." "Well, isn't that a fine lot?" "Yes, sir." "Where did you get that from ?" '■ We got that from a man named J. T., in the southeastern part of Minnesota." "Don't it get broken up very badly ship- ping it so far ? " "No, sir; there was not a single crate in the whole lot broken." My brother-in-law put bis hand in his pocket, took out their letter, and said ; " Please read this." Judge of his surprise. " Well," be said, " I don't understand this. Let us go down below." His partner was sitting at the desk ; he handed him the letter, and said, "How is this?" " O that miserable clerk made the mis- take. It was another man's honey that was broken ! ' They were to hold this honey at 12' j cents per pound. When I went to see them they had sold all the white honey, and it netted me '.) cents, so they beat me after all. I shipt 5U0 pounds to another commission man in the same place. After he bad the Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wis consin. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largfest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and 'whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are pollshl on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equlpt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the Americaa Bee .Tournal. 7Atf That Queen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Cbarm. CoulduH Bo Wltlioiit It. The Monette Queen-CUpplng Device works , I ^-^7,^ ?''PP'^'^„\? IVf^eo?; ''•I'^ ™"J'' ^?-^ '^^ ^ '"^ " Monette Queen-Cllppmg Device Is by tar the LIKE A CH.\nM. With it I have clipped 30 best invention ever made, and will be wel- ,, . ^ , , , come to many bee-keepers as it was tome. 1 queens, all in one day, when examining- my could not do without one now. bees. Wm. Stoi.i.ey, Grand Island, Nebr. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind, PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us jusi mie tiew iMme for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn ;^0 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. BEE-KEEPEES we make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send fur Free Illiislratcd Catalog and Pricc-L,i»t. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special AgHit for the Southwest-^- ^- ''^^%^'joseph,.Mo. Mr. Abboll sells onr lllvcs and Sections al Factory Prices. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7K cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 eases) or more, 6)^ cents. The Cash most accom- pany each order. Fine Bass^OOd Flavor Honey at same price; also Id 270-lb. barrels. E^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Nieliigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 284 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 6, WITH THE "INCOMPARABLE" BORDEAUX NOZZLE] used on "World's Best" Spraying Outfits made |' ft onlyby THEDEMING CO., Salem. Ohio. - Makersof PUMPS FOR ALL PURPOSES. Ask vniir dealer for Derninpr Rprnyei-s. HEXION A: HITTtRELL. OenemlWestern Agents, 01 tofi'JN'n. .Tfffersnn St., Chipago. III. Valuable | illustrated 40 patre book on Sprayinir, free. Our B Sprayintr Outhts are iisen the American Bee Touma: The RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees in Calit'orula. The Yields and Price of Honey; the Pastur- age and Nectar - Producing- Plants; the Bee- Kauches and bow they are conducted. In fact tUe entire field Is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Besides this, the paper also tells you all about CalUoriila Agriculture and Horlleullurc. $1.50 per Year; Six Months, 75 cents. Sample Copies 10 cents. THE KtlKAL CALIFOKNIAN, 218 N. Main St., - Los Angeles, Calif. GOULDS'SPRAY %j^ M 4C5t are either inaili- <>f IJrass or are Brass Liued. No Iron to rust or corrode '■3 Varieties, nieeiinj^ all tlie re<[uire- nients of Spray Pumps. GOULDS' .^°/f.^^^ Made in 28 styles. This shows one of GOULDS' PORTABLE '^^ Brass force pumps. All about Spraying-, "How and AVlien to Spray," and Valuable Foiiiiulas for Inseetieides sent free. Address THE GOULDS' MFG. CO. r.lOviil St., Seneca Falls, N. Y. Mention the American Bee Journal. m'wjmmmi Golden Italian, :! Banded. Carnlolan and Im- ported. Barred Plymouth Ro"k eg^e. All at llvinp- prices. Catalog free. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. 14Elf Please mention the Bee Journal. FINE SECTIONS ! We have the fluent Liuniber to be liad for One-Piece Sections, all Second-Growth and White ap Snow. We have all the iip-to-dale iiiachliier)-, and are In a po^rttiin to till your order promptly and satisfactorily. Write for Price-List and Sample Section free. Yours &c , WAUZEKA SECTIOIV CO., Apr. 2.3, '97. Waizek >, Crawford Co , Wis. ITAtf JUenlion the Amei^an Bee Jcuma:, Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Head what J. I. PAKKNT.of Chaklton. N.V. .flays— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter 50 chaff hives with 7-ln. cap, lOu honey-racks, blU) broad frames, 2.()<«) honey-boxes and a (rreat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do It with this Saw. It will do all you say Itwili. CataloBue and Price - I,i8t honey for some time, he wrote me that the honey market was improving; he would soon close out what he had at V2}.: cents. He said: "I want you to ship me some more honey right away, as I can get you 12'j cents." But I did not send any. He wrote me a second time to ship him more honey. I had other business that called me there, so I droi)t into his place of busi- ness. Real glad to see me. " Brought me some more honey ?" " No." He bad one 12- pound crate left, and said. '• Well, we will settle for this lot first." After taking freight and commission out, I had S cents left. I remonstrated with him, and said, "Here's your letter." But all to no pur- pose. Well, be paid me, but he would not pay me for the one crate that was left until it was sold, so I took it away. He then askt me to ship him some more, and I askt him if he thought me a fool, and he laught heartily. I put away S4 colonies of bees last fall, and had to feed several colonies. We had a very poor honey-liow last year, and no fall honey. We had about one-third of a crop. The queens quit laying early, so the colonies are not extra strong, but of those I fed. the queens started laying, and I think they will come out the best of the lot. The basswood was the most promising I ever saw, but the hot, dry weather blighted the bloom, so we did not get any honey from it at all. John Tuknbull. Houston Co., Minn. Yellow Locust— Honey-Plants. Referring to the query of P. I. Huffman, on page 156, concerning the value of yellow locust in bee-culture. 1 would call attention to the fact that Frank Benton, in his "Manual on the Honey-Bee," ranks the locust (common, black or yellow) of first importance. This yellow locust (Robinia Pseudacacia) abounds in this part of the country, and is of more service to the honey-bee north of the 30th parallel of lati- tude than south, blossoming there in April and May, while in the region of Philadel- phia (4Uth parallel), it blossoms in May and June. He says; "Of these which may be cited as the chief sources of honey and pollen in the North [that is north of 40th parallel] the tulip tree, locust, white clover, alfalfa, melilot, linden and buckwheat furnish most of the surplus honey." And after reciting the importance of such trees and plants as willows, elder, maples, dandelion, chestnut, linden or basswood, Indian corn, buckwheat, fireweed, willow- herb, knotweeds, mints, cleome. golden- rods, Spanish-needles and asters (especially heath-like aster), he says; "Some of the clovers, mustard, rape, cultivated teasel, barberry, sumac, coral- berry, pleurisy-root, fireweed, borage, etc., tho yielding well, are only found abund- antly over certain areas, and do not there- fore supply any considerable portion of the honey that appears on the market, tho, when any of them are plentiful in a certain locality, the bee-keeper located there will find in nearly all cases that the surplus honey is increast thereby." This lengthy quotation, altho not bearing directly on the question as put, I believe will be helpful to many like persons who have not had the opportunity to observe the habits and wanderings of the bee in its pursuit tor nectar. 1 understand our mis- sion is to help those who help themselves, and be helpt in return. John Wilcox. Philadephia Co., Pa. Free. «SCtf Address, W. K. & JOHN BAKNKS, No. 995 KDbyljt.. Hookford, 111. MerUUyti Hie American Jiee journal. A Shade for Bee-Hives. Within the last two years I have been reading the Bee Journal with much inter- est. 1 have frequently seen where the question was askt as to the best i>lan to shade the hives in hot weather. As I have been a carpenter and joiner for the last '20 years, and naturally of an inventive turn of mind. 1 think tlint I can now describe a shade top that will meet the approval of all. Besides its simplicity and cheapness of con- I producing a constant sense of i I security, ready for all emergency j ^ cases of sudden illness, particu- larly in the country home far ' away from the physician and / the drug store should be kept a j I bottle of that favorite remedy i ^XOJVTMjJX/^ I As a general system renovator j it has no equal, as it acts directly . upon the Liver and Kidneys. I It is an unfailing remedy for) BRIGHT'S DISEASE URINARY TROUBLES FEMALE COMPLAINTS GENERAL DEBILITY AND MALARIA. It is a purely vegetable com" ' pound and may be taken into the weakest stomach without any harmful results. Beware of substitutes. There is nothing just as good" as Warner i Cure. Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! BUY VOUK Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to the best Roods on the market. Send for Price-List. Rawson & Earner, Centralia, Wash. 1 0A13t Mention the Am. Bee Journal. A booklet, handsomely Illustra- ted, describing Nebraeika^ her farms and the opportunities there for young men and farm renters to become farm owners MaUed without charge on application to P. S. KusTis. General PasseuKCr Agent. C, B. & Q. K K., Chicago. 111. 14A8t BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Or in E.vuluiTlK'e tor Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax TJiTr"!m A Specialty. t*~ Write for Catalog and Prlee-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AI!<;iiSTA, WIS. 4,^-:-^-^-:-^^i An honest, efliclent VBllnTO^oTiBs • remedy for all p'evers, . XeliOWZOneS , Il„„rin.hea rnlrta Nen- i K.ir I'aiii and Fwt i ralgia, Grip. Kheuma- y ■^^•',-^^■^^•','^^■1 tisni, etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, oit monev hkkunhed. " it's a rare pleasure to tlnd such a renieily." "Too nuK'li cannot be said In praise of thcni." 1 Box, :ioo.; 8 Bo.vee, *l; most orders are $1. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15 Atf Please uienllou the Bee Journal. 189'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 285 BE CONVINCED, m GET YOUR MONEY'S WORTH We offer the New Clianiplon Doiib- Ied-\V»ll<>d riiHfi' lllve, niiide of ilio Best White IMne Lumber. Ironi now uniJI June 15. 18!' 7. Complete ami Painted. with Dovetnil lioily and Two Sutieis 'orCorrb Honey or E.xtractlng ; S. !l or 10 fiiime bive, with Thick Top. belt-Spin iii)f Hulf- man Frames, includlnur 2 or 4 iokl< o Tm Rabbets. Tin Cover and Double Bottom- all for only $1.50. The tame in tiie Hat lor 98 cents : and it Outside Siimiiur and Winter Case is wanted only, oomplet ■■ and painted, to Ot any Dovetail or Simiilieity 8, 9 or 10 frame hive, for 9.'i cents ; and the same In the Flat for 73 cents. Inside measurement of Case 25x20 Inches, and 21 laches high. We soUcH your orders. We deliver all poods f. o. b. cars or boat landing at 8heboygan, Wis. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Box 187, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Ixiracled lluiiey Wanted — IVIake Oircrs. a LANDS Por Sale at I.,om' I*i-ire!> and on Easy Xernis. The Illinois Central Railroad Company offers for sale on easy terms and at low prices. 150- 000 acres of choice fruit, gardening, farm and grazing lands located In SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. They are also largely interested In, and call especial attention to the 600.000 acres of land in the famous YAZOO VALLEY OF MISSISSIPPI lying along and owned by the Tazoo & Miss- leslppl Valley Railroad Company, and which that company offers at low prices and on long terms Special inducements and facilities offered to go and examine these lands, both In Southern Illinois and in the " Yaz ,o Val- ley," Miss. For further description, map, and any information, address or call upon E. P. SKENE, Land Commissioner. No. 1 Park How. Chicago, 111. 8E6t M.-'/.,0,j'/. 174.3 A?n.37*. Ridgeville, lnd._ 481iil .■^■'.ii.tiuti if'- .-1 ncricaii lice juaniu'^. ■^ T ■ 'T ^ n ■"T~ p| f. •- _ . .H , , ^ ^ ~J — - —i — . - - -_ . _■ _■ . rM^ = ?. bi t;:= ^,^^-:i ;^/>- '.S. IBK ^ ^ m W la 3 Grand Letters 3 In the April ' Husiler." one frum .1 despondent aKent in OreKon to a successful (alitorni:! ai:ent. HebeUnroui canvassincr his wife. aNo a ''Piik© enthusiast." answers the letter, sendini: cupv to her hiisltand. who supplements with one of his own and scnrtsuscttpies of al! three II interested ia fencintf. send for free eopv. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. MentUm tlu, American Bee Journal I AEISE To SAT to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOI.ITTL1E has concluded to Bell -BKB8 and QUKKN8- In their Beason, durlntt 1897, at tliefollowlns prices : One Colony of ItalianB on 9 Qallup frames, in light stiipping-box $6 00 Five Colonies 25 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen. 1 00 6 " queens 12 1 teste'l Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 select tested queen 2 1 o 3 " '• Queens 4 00 Select tested queen, previous season's rearing.. 4 00 Bitra Selected for breeding, the VKBY best. . 5 00 ibout a Pound of BKK8 In a Two-frame Nucleua. with any Queen, ti.w extra. WF Circular free, giving full partlcularB regarC- 'ng the Bees and each claes of Queens. 5 50 10 00 11 so 3 50 Address 6. M. DOOLITTLE, llA2ot BOKODINO, Onon. Co., N. 7. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Egsrs perfectly through warm weather*, just as good as fresh ones for cooking and frostlnj;. One man paid 10 cents a doztn for the evs'S he preserved, and then later sold them for -.'.i cents a dozen. You can preserve them tor about 1 eeiit per dozen. Now is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. msON, 3512 Monroe Street. - Toledo. Ohio. MevuiC't, 't'!^ A^merlcafi Bee jc'?*'''w.t. . Our '97 Catalog — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. is yours for the asking. It is full of information. tW Write for it. I. J. STRUVGIIAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. V, Apiary- Glen Cove, L. 1. Improved Macliiiie for Sheeting Wax. This machine produces a continuous sheet ot uniform thlcknei 'J>L ■ ii'criavi ISec Jcv,^''VA'. struction, I think it as durahle and perfect a shade in all respects as could be desired. I used it in toy apiary last season, and find it a success, besides adding a finer nppear- ance to the apiary. It is made as follows; Take what we term barn siding boards (pine). I'i feet long. 12 inches wide, and cut them into four pieces. S feet each. Be care- ful to saw them square, and all of the same length. Then gauge one edge on the rjugb side '4 of an inch, and plane it down to a bevel. When this is done, place the beveled edges of two boards together, which forms a cottage rf)of with a pitch of ;i inches to the foot. Nail the two edges together in that shape, by nailing from both ways. Then take n common plastering lath, cut it in the center, nail one strip on each gable end at the bottom, and it is complete. Now place this on the hive, and you will at once see that it fills the bill, as it will fit any hive without having to lay stones or other weights on it to make it stay. Be- sides, it leaves an air-space above the top of the bive, and it can also be shoved for- ward as far as desired, so as to shade the entrance. When not in use tbey can be piled np in a compact shape, as they will nest together as compactly as pie-pans. They can be made shorter or longer, as desired ; aud if they are properly cared for tbey will last as long as the hives will last. Anybody can make them. Besides, it re- quires only 6 feet of lumber, one lath, and a dozen small nails to make one, which will make them cost about 10 cents each. They will last a lifetime, and are always ready when needed. It does not require the best grade of lumber to make them, and the top side can be painted if desired. I find them indispensaUe in stormy weather, always keeping the hives dry and well protected. Tbey can also be put on or taken off of the bive at any time without jarring or disturbing the bees in the least. I am sure that all who try this plan for a shade and storm protector will find it a good thing. C. S. French, Todd Co., Minn. Price and Value of Honey. As the principles which govern price in all salable commodities are alike, and the same factors go to produce it. a raw recruit to the rank of bee-men may be as capable of its treatment as the old hands; aud the 17th of March is a very appropriate date for one of Irish race and rearing to write his first contribution. My first observation is that those who have beeu discussing it have been misusing terms, especially that of price. The price of honey is exactly that amount of money it will fetch in the market. The question as to the relative usefulness as fool on the table and for other uses is one of value and not price. The third point is the relative cost of production of the comb honey and extracted. The price of honey is exactly that sum which the honey -producer can get for his product, be it either in the comb or out of it. The fact of what ratio the price of the two sorts bears to the other, is inde- pendent of cost of production, except as it atlects their production ; and nutritive value is very little thought of by most con- sumers, lu fact, price is without doubt governed by supply and demand, which is dependent upon the manner in which the honey-producers conduct their t)usiness; also the habits of the mass of cousnmers — the public— in relation to the consumption of honey, aud the relative growth ot con- sumption and production. As a new producer. I expect to at least make the effort to cause as much increase in consumption as my product will amount to. I feel sure that this is still easy to achieve in almost every city, for ray experi- ence on both sides ot the Atlantic is that honey is seldom on the table, or used in the cooking, of those who are quite in position to use it as largely as they choose. This matter of what foods are eaten in quantity is largely one of hereditary habit. There is no good reason like classes in Eng- land Wales eat great quantities of cheese, 286 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,. May 6, VV*««*a** <>•••••• •••••< fli 'Smmaismsm ^9: : KEYSTONE ^ • U/OVEN WERE FENCE • will keep your stock in and your neigbbor'a • out. stray HofTs, Cattle, Horses or Sheep can- • not destroy vour crops when you fence with *! the KEYSTONE. C5 to 68 inches high. Send • for free book on fence constractioD S KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., |» No. 3 Kush St., Peoria, 111. EO-OS From Pure B. P. Rocks. Blacii Minorcas. Light Brahmas— $1.25 per SiitlDg. Also, will stuff and mount Birds and Animals to order; price, lor small birds and animals 60c. and upward. Plants for sale cheap— Ked and Black Raspberry, and Strawberry, MRS. L,. C. AXTEl.!., RosF.vii.i.K. Wiirrt-n Co.. IMj. Rlfi MOHEY IN POULTRY [Vt Siork am! Incubutor^ if i'a»rc Catalog free. JOHN NEBEI. & SON, High Hill. Mo. Mention the American Uec Jo^Lnial, 4 Atf BEE - KEEPERS, PRICES CUT On FOUNDATION OOMli to Introduce Forrest Kcvv Melliod of Sliectiiig Wax by Automatic Maeliiiiery. Write lor descriptive Circular Price-List and Samples. N. B, FOKBEST, loAtr AUHl UN, N, Y. depJiUm ifie American Bee-tcw^uU. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 287 JiDNEYandBEESWAX Chicasro, III., May 1.— Fancy white. 11® 12c : No. I. lOQllc. fancy amhcr, f'c; No. 1. 7c.: fancr dark, 8c.; No. 1. Tc. E.xtracled. white. 5@7c.; amber, 5@Cc.; dark. 4i4c. Beeswax. 25@27c. Stocks are working down, but there Is no Improvement in price. The season for comb honey Is drawing? to a close. Any one intend- ing to market in the cities should do BO now. New York, N. Y., May 1.— White comb. 10 ®llc. : amber. 8®!)c. ; dark. Go. There Is a fairly good demand for comb honey yet. and It keeps coming in small lots E.xtracted is quiet at unchanged prices. The demand for buckwheat extracted has ceast. and no more sale for It. Beeswax Is quiet at 26@27c. Detroit, Mich., May 1, — Fancy white comb, ll@l-'r.: No. 1. loailc; fancy .amber. 9® lOc: No. 1. SQfle.; dark, 7®Sc. Extra^iert. white. .5®6c.; amber, 4®5c; d>*rk, 4c. Bees- wax, '1h<^1Qc. Demand is slow for honey, and plenty In commission house. Kansas City, Mo., May 1.— No. 1 white, 12@i:ic.: fancy amber, ]l@l2c.: No. 1 amber. 10@llc.; fancy dark, 9@10c. No. 1 dark. 8® 9c. Extracted, white, 5c. ; amber, 4Hc.; dark, 4c. Beeswax, 2oc. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1. — Demand Is b1i>'»' for all kinds of honey. Comb honey, 10®14c. for fair to choice white; extracted. 3M@6c. There Is a fair demand for beeswax at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. Minneapolis, Minn., May 1. — Fancy white. ll®12c.; No. 1 white. 10®llc.; fancy amber. 9@l0c.: No. 1 amber. 8@9c.: fancy dark, 7@8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, while. 6®7c. ; amber, Sasvic. : dark. 40.5c. Utah while extracted, 5®.5i4c. Beeswax, 2.5® 26c. Market fairly steady fur comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Philadelphia, Pa., May 1 — Fancy white comb, l'-;-l:Jc ; fancy amber. S-9c.; No. 1. 8c.; lancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white. 5-7j.; amber, 4-.5c.; dark, 3i4-4c. Beeswax, 2.5c. Season is getting over for com bhouey— very Utile demand. Extracted in good demand. San Francisco, Calif., May 1, — White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, 5-7c. Extracted, white, hVtc; light amber. :3H-4c. ; dark tale, 2Xc. Beeswax, fair to choice, 24-26c. St. Iionis, Mo,, May 1.— Fancy comb. 12® @i:3c.; No. 1 white, llQllVJc; amber, 9® 10!4c.; dark. 7®8>4c. Extracted, white, in cans. 6@ic.; amber, in barrels, 4@4!4c; extra. 5c. ; dark, .3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax. 23@23! 1st prize Winners* und Eggs. Postpaid , >n receipt of 15 cents, if you write now, JOHIT BAUSCEEB, Jr.. Boz 94 Freepoit. 111. lOAl.'it Mention the American Bee Journal Tested Queen for 50 cts. As usual, I am reiiucening my apiary this spring with young queens, selling the tested queens, that arc removed, at $1.00 each. They are tine Italian . W. L llukliinson, Flint, Nieliigan. S Dadanfs Foundation fS, — ^ ■ ^ — Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction tlian any other. Because IX 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent 'Weed Process of Staeeting-. Sentl l^iaiiie tor Oui* Catalog', JijaiiipIeN of Fouiiilalion au<1 Veil JMatei-lal. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Rinds. ErMNemTKaTH @r* tmrn HaffSY^BEE, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. Please mention the Am, Bee Journal 41 eMOWiO'^e ax eMowio-Mi t=:E3X=4LZD fi* y[f, >k fi". f^. Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : 'So, 1 Snoiv-'VYIiilc. | "So. 1 Cream. 5O0 for $1.25 500 for $1,00 1000 for 2.50 1000 for 2.0O 2000 for 4.75 2000 for 3,75 3U00 for Ii.75 | 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-LiHt oT Seclioiis, Fouiitlations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent oil application. 6\i5t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. ROOT'S GOODS ! Ht^" Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Now. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply "out of sight," AcknowleJged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896, Samples of the New Foundation free, THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. BK.A.3>TCtI OFFICES : IIM niiclii;:uii SI., CliiciiKo, III. S} rnciisc, N. V. I0'.2'l Misii. Str., St. INiiil, miiiii. Iflccliaiiic Fails, Maine. lU Vine SI., Pliiiaclclpliia, Pu. I'liliHsht M'eekly at IIH MiL-hligaa Street. Si'OO a Yeai — Sample C0P3- i'ree. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 13, 1897. No. 19. SEE Bee-Escapes and Entrance Feeders. BV S. A. DEACON. Your readers must ofteu be struck with, and beginners be befogged by, the almost strange want of unanimity, amount- ing in many cases to extreme difference of opinion, prevailing amongst the score or so of experienced apiarists who so kindly furnish replies to the leading questions — under "Question Box" — concerning matters upon which one would hardly sup- pose such divergence of opinion could possibly exist. Who would Imagine, for instance, that there could be such totally opposite views entertained by such men of large and varied experience and close observation as, say, Dr. Miller, in the States, and Samuel Simmins, in England, concerning the utility of bee-escapes? On the one side they are lauded sky-high, as one of the most welcome of ?noc?eni aids to honey- production, while on the other we have so high an authority as the author of " A Modern Bee-Farm" — one of England's most experienced, observant and intelligent apiarists — con- demning them in no measured terms ; saying on page 12!i of the new edition of bis book: '• Some 15 years since they were much in vogue, but fell into disuse, as practical bee-keepers found they preferred, when once having raised the super, to clear it away at once ; and it is not a little surprising to find several advanced apia- rists themselves entrapt into thinking there is anything to be gained by re-adopting this old and discarded fad !" And again, on page 139, Mr. Simmins says: "One of the most forcible arguments that can be used in condemnation of super-clearers is, that the bees, once frightened by the lift- ing of the super, will not hesitate to break countless pin-holes in the beautiful cappings." This is very emphatic and decided language, and must necessarily " give us pause" — or, at least, should do those who are not yet provided with bee-escapes — ere we conclude to make another entry on the wrong side of our ledgers. Are super-clearers, then, as great a boon and as indispensable an addition to the bee-keeper's already too numerous traps, as many would have us to believe ? or are they unduly crackt up and destioed soon again to become "an old and discarded fad?" AN ENTHASCE FEEDER DESCRIBED. Mr. R. C. Aikin, In one of his Presidential addresses at the Colorado convention, said : " We should be as willing to give as to receive." Certainly 1 Will Mr. Boardman, acting on this suggestion, kindly detail the construction of his en- trance feeder ? and concerning which Editor Root made the unaccountably strange statement in Gleanings, that he " lic- licved it unnecessdry to expUiln this feeder." The same article, accompanied with a miniature wood-cut of the feeder, was re- produced in the Bee Journal April 23, 1896. On page 301 (1895), there aUo appears a small paragraph about it, most tantalizingly lacking any information concerning its mode of construction. Why this reserve ? An entrance feeder is by far the most satisfactory kind of feeder there is. With it there is no necessity for lifting off shade boards and covers, and so ex- asperating the bees, whilst a mere glance up and down the rows shows at once where feeders require replenishing and where not. Further, an entrance feeder is delightfully simple and easy of construction. Were these facts more widely known, and directions for their make given in one or two leading bee-papers, I feel certain that all other methods of feeding would soon be discarded. With your permission, then, I will describe an entrance feeder which I myself am using, and which probably, in the main, differs very little from that of Mr. Boardman ; for the principle is necessarily the same, tho they may differ in some minor details : Into a 2-inch section (or 1% may do as well) tack a bot- tom, made thus : Take 3 pieces of stuff 3^-inch square (Fig. 2) for the frame of said bottom, and complete It by tacking 2 pieces of 2-inch section over this frame. First cut the side pieces away }i, as shown in Fig. 1, so that all comes flush. Also cut away )« on the top side of the project- ing horns, or else they won't fit into the % entrance. Before tacking this bottom in the section, tack a piece of wire gauze over the upper surface, as shown in Fig. 2, and a little block or bit of cork at B to support it, so that It don't sag. The lid, or top. Is of ?^-inch stuff tackt also inside the section. It has a hole to admit a metal screw-cap fruit-jar. Cut out the cen- ter of the metal cap, leaving only ,'4 -inch rim, or ledge. Cut 2 discs of cheese-cloth to fit snugly Inside this, first pouring a 290 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13. little hot wax around the ledge to fix the cloth nicely. (If the syrup should run through too fast, another layer of cloth can be added, or a piece laid a-top of the guaze in the box.) Fill the glass jar with whatever feed you use; screw on the cap, invert smartly and insert in the box, the jar of course resting on the wire gauze. Have the hole sufficiently large for the jar to pass in and out comfortably, and keep all snug by twisting a few turns of string, or rope yarn, or what not around the jar at its junction with the lid. Have a spare jar in starting feeding, already filled, so that upon taking an empty jar out you at once pop a filled one in. Don't mind the sacrifice of the jar's lid ; the feeder is worth far more than the cost of the jar — say 4 cents — and will last forever ; only be sure to give the little box two good coats of paint, and it will last as long as the jar, altho the bulk of it consists only of a section. The making of these boxes is just fun. The only tools required are a compass, saw for the round hols, a center-bit, a pocket-knife and a tack-hammer ; and your wife's or your mother-in-law's scissors to cut the discs of cheese-cloth. (Only don't be attempting to cut out the top of the metal cap with them, or you may get your own " top " disfigured !) The latter job I effect with an old jack-knife. You must use your in- genuity in this matter. In conclusion, I would remark that of all the feeding methods and devices I have ever tried, none came anywhere near up to this as regards comfort — to self and bees — rapidity and ease; and I am sure it will be found to be " a boon and a blessing " to every bee-keeper who may occasionally require to feed. The easiest way I have found to fill the jars is by having the syrup in a kerosene can. The can has a little funnel- shaped spout underneath, just under the screw-cap. This is shut or opened by simply raising or lowering the wooden stick or plunger — see Fig. 4. It is placed on a wheelbarrow, and the spout of course projects from the front of the barrow. Where a large center-bit is at hand — say 2-inch — the con- struction of the floor of the entrance feeder, which I have been endeavoring to describe, may be facilitated by cutting a large hole out of the center of a piece of 3.2'-'Dch stuff, and tacking a bit of tin underneath, as shown in Fig. 5. N. B. — As shown in Fig. 3, a piece of one side of the sec- tion must be cut away to allow the horns to project. Bevel away the floor of the box between the horns, or it will reduce the width of the entrance by %. Later. — In the detailed description of my entrance feeder I omitted to state that as the atmospheric pressure is liable to bulge the cheese-cloth (which fits in the metal cap's rim) in- wards, and so prevent it from coming In close contact with the wire gauze, or with the extra layer of cheese-cloth (should such be found necessary) lying a-top of the gauze, then cut a disc of wire gauze and insert it, too, in the rim, over the cheese-cloth, i. e., on the contents side. Again, instead of rolling a collar of string or rope yarn, or what not around the jar, so as to close up the juncture (caused by the jar fitting in comfortably loose) between the jar and lid, I have found it preferable to tack a square of glazed quilting neatly over the top of the box, cutting the hole in it so much smaller than that in the lid itself that It fits Fig. y. tightly around the jar, so that it draws up when the empty jar is pulled but, and is forced down when the full one is in- serted ; this keeps all tight and snug. And as to the extra cost — well, as according to such eminent authorities as Dr. Miller, quilts, too, are fast becoming another "old and dis- carded fad," there's sure to be a lot of it in most apiaries lying around. Personally, I find no use for quilts in summer — they are a distinct nuisance. I never yet found one in a hollow tree ! I have been pouring over old volumes of the Bee Journal in hopes of finding some really descriptive account of an arti- cle so often and so highly commended as the Boardman en- trance feeder, but alas ! all in vain. On page 301 (1895), "Gleaner" tells us just enough about it to set us longing to know more, but his mention of it is as studiously free from constructive details as is that reproduced from Gleanings on page 265 (1896). True, Dr. Miller, I remember, tells us somewhere that Mr. Boardman's feeder is " made of tin," but, lawks! that don't help us very much ; it was all right as a first installment, and reminds one of the old cookery book recipe: "First catch your hare." Well, we've got our tin, now what next. Doctor, dear? Will you, or some one, kindly continue the description, and let us know all about it? South Africa. The Natioual Bee-Keepers' Union. BY THOMAS G. NEWMAN. In reply to the editorial on page 248, I desire to say : If the writer intended to be honorable, he would not attempt to misinterpret the quotation from my Report, and force it to mean something different from what it says. His statement that the work in the line of the defense of bee-keepers is " practically all done " shows that he is not posted. That assertion is utterly at variance with the facts. There never was more demand for help to defend the pursuit of bee-keeping than NOW. He emphatically asserts that " the old Union is no longer needed to defend the pursuit of bee-keeping in its right to ex- istence," and adds, "That was settled some 10 years ago." Such a statement is an insult to the intelligence of bee-keepers generally, and is totally at variance with the facts in the case. It is not yet S years since the Union fought the battle In Arkansas, and wrung from the. Supreme Court of June 22, 1889, the first recognition from that high tribunal of "Its right to existence." Since then its battles have been many, and several suits are on the dockets in the Courts this very day. Facts cannot be annihilated by bombastic denial of their existence. If only one side was presented to bee-keepers in the matter of "amalgamation " last winter, " and that the wrong side " — what was the Bee Journal and Gleanings doing on the other side for months ? To admit that I did more real work in that time, in less than 4 pages of my "Annual Report," than both of the editors and others did In scores of pages of the above- named periodicals for three or four months, is Inadvertently giving me credit for vastly more than was intended. That writer overstept the mark, and " put his foot In It." The Insinuation that I am now doing nothing but "put- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 291 ting In time guarding a little pile of money" Is contemptibly mean and untrue. The history of the National Bee-Keepers' Union has been a PROUD RECORD OF WORK DONE, and I feel sure that my friends everywhere will each resent such an Insinuation as a personal insult. Its meanness Is only ex- ceeded by Its ingratitude. The National Bee-Keepers' Union decided by an over- whelming vote that it would not consent to amalgamation — nor to the use of its funds for a purpose for which they were not created. That matter was settled three months ago. Why not accept the situation ? If the new organization has work to do in another line, let it go about it, and accomplish some- thing to Its credit. Instead of fighting the " Union," which for 13 years has been laboring FOR THE PURSUIT, let these fighters go right to work and tight the contemptible adulterators of honey. Bring them up standing before the law, as the Union has done with those who tried to destroy the pursuit by attacking its very right to exist. That is what the Union was created for, and just what It has done, and Is doing. For the past three years, because of the exceedingly hard times, the Advisory Board decided not to collect any " DUES " from the old members. This the editor misconstrues into squandering the-funds by the General Manager. Could any- thing be more unjust and contemptible ? It was to the credit of the members of the Board that they unanimously agreed to remit the " Dues " In these times of financial depression and scarcity of money. Again, while I am writing on this subject, allow me to ask. Why the new organization should bemean itself by steal- ing the name of " Bee-Keepers' Union ?" While there are many disadvantages in doing this, there can be no advantage unless it Intends to try to steal its FAME as well as its name. Better be honest and find a new name. There are many ex- cellent ones yet unused. Towards any new organization created to "fight adultera- tion and fraud," the National Bee-Keepers' Union has due respect, and will co-operate in every possible manner, if It can do so without being assaulted, misrepresented and reviled. To try to create any other impression is unjust and unreasonable. San Francisco, Cal., April 27. [Whenever any person publicly calls us dishonorable, an insulter, "bombastic," "contemptibly mean," and practically says we are a liar, a thief, etc., as the General Manager of the old Union does In the foregoing, why we feel like simply ask- ing, "Couldn't you have thrown your boomerang a little harder?" We perhaps ought to remind Mr. Newman that his official acts and utterances, as General Manager, are quite proper subjects of criticism. But we will not lower ourselves to the mire of offensive personalities, and thus admit we have no arguments to defend our side. Just now, however, we prefer to let Mr. Newman's reply, as above given, stand upon its merits, or demerits. Though it is no little satisfaction to add right here, that Prof. Cook, In a letter to us dated April 28, says of that same editorial, on page 248 : '■'■ Your cHiVorial is all right." (Italics ours.) — Editor.] Some Important Spring Work. Sometimes much harm Is done by opening up hives on cool days early in the season, thus letting the brood get chilled. While care should be taken in this direction, it Is still not best to let the bees always entirely alone. Here are two colonies, one of them very weak, the other comparatively strong. Left alone, the weak one will be about at a stand-still for a long time, and the stronger one, being queenless, will not be at a stand-still, but will for some time be on the decline in num- bers, until the brood from Its newly-reared queen begins to add young bees. The case is still worse if the colony is hope- lessly queenless, that is. It has neither eggs nor young brood from which to rear a queen. In that case it is only a question of time, and not a very long time, when it will become utterly extinct. Having two such colonies, the inexperienced with but few colonies and anxious to increase the number, will be very like- ly to give a frame of brood to the queenless colony, providing It has none, feeling that It would be a serious misfortune to al- low the number of colonies to become less. But a lessening of the number of colonies doesn't always mean a lessening of the number of bees, and In the early part of the season, especially. It is more important to have a large number of bees than a large number of colonies. If the strength of individual colo- nies be kept up it is not hard to Increase the number of colo- nies later on. So the wise bee-keeper will look into his colonies, find which are weak and which are strong, which have queens, either by seeing the queen or by seeing brood and eggs pres- ent, and If he finds one colony queenless will unite it with some other not very strong in bees, but having a good queen. Even if the queenless colony has brood of Its own from which it is rearing a queen, queen-cells perhaps being sealed, it will be a good many days before such a queen will commence lay- ing, and as the bees are every day dying off from old age the strength of the colony will be greatly reduced. The queen in the weak colony Is at the same time doing little laying, be- cause there are not bees on hand to take care of the brood.- Unite the two colonies and the queen will at once increase her laying, and you will have more bees for the harvest than if you had left the two separate. Even if your sole object is to increase the number of colonies, it is still policy to unite, for later in the season you have more bees to make new colonies from. — Homestead. The Proper Management of Swarms. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. There is hardly any matter connected with bee-keeping that is more important than a wise management at the swarm- ing season. We used to hear a good deal about dividing bees, or artificial swarming, but in these latter days I think very few attempt any increase except by natural swarming. I have tried both methods for many years, and have come decidedly to the opinion that It Is much better to let the bees swarm nat- urally. I would take all proper precautions to subdue the swarming-fever, or impulse, but think it Is never best to prac- tice division as we used to do in the olden time. MR. .T. F. M'INTI-RE'S PLAN. I need not say that Mr. Mclntyre is one of the most suc- cessful bee-keepers not only in California, but in the United States, or even the world. Indeed, he Is one of the largest bee-keepers, though I think he has never reacht Capt. Heth- erington's rank, or even that of Harbison, when he kept so many bees here in California. Mr. Mclntyre aims to keep about 600 colonies, and he has things so conveniently arrang- ed that he is able to do a large part of the labor without out- side assistance. Mr. Mclntyre works almost entirely for ex- tracted honey, and notwithstanding the large size of his api- ary I think his average for all the years since he haskept bees in California, has been well toward 100 pounds per colony, per year, while in the best years it has reacht several hundred pounds per colony for the entire apiary. While Mr. Mclntyre has an excellent location, I doubt if it is better than a good many others in this favored clime. As I stated above, Mr. Mclntyre aims to keep only about 600 colonies. If because of sales, or for any other reason, his number is below this at the beginning of the season, he allows his bees to swarm until he reaches the desired number of colo- nies. It is hardly necessary to say that Mr. Mclntyre keeps his queens' wings dipt, for he is a very intelligent apiarist and aims to save all the work possible. After he has secured the number of colonies that he wishes, he proceeds as follows : If a swarm issues, he takes the brood away from the hive to a large extent and divides this among other colonies which may not be as strong as he would like, and then suffers the swarm to go back to its old hive. This replacement of the brood witti empty frames or frames of foundation, usually des- troys the swarming impulse and thus the colony Is in good condi- tion to go into the surplus chamber as soon as the honey season opens. In this way Mr. Mclntyre says he has no difficulty in starting in the season with the number of colonies he desires, and all strong and ready for full business. Of course, Mr. Mclntyre does everything he can to put off the swarming impulse. This Is done by seeing that the second story of frames is in position early in the season so that the bees shall have plenty of room to store. There Is no doubt but by thus strengthening the colonies so that they are very strong at the dawn of the season, he secures no small gain, and it is very likely due to this, in great part, that he receives such large yields. REMOVING THE QUEEN. I have known good bee-keepers to remove the queen at the beginning of the harvest In order, as they thought, to prevent swarming and secure a larger crop of honey. If they were 292 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13, told that it was unwise to thus take away the power for in- crease they would answer that it takes 21 days to rear work- er-bees, and by this time the honey season would usualiy be past, and so all the energy and food required to produce this brood was just so much loss. Of course, if there were but one period of nectar-secretion and this only lasted three weeks, there would doubtless be some weight to this argument. But In most sections there is a succession of flowers, and the sea- son is rarely as short as three weeks. It is to be said, how- ever, that some very excellent bee-keepers have practiced this method for some years, and have met with good success. Mrs. L. B. Baker, of Michigan, practiced this method for some years and her success was quite phenomenal. The advantage claimed for this is that it destroys the impulse for swarming, throws all the energy into honey-production, and thus gives large returns withont any serious drawbacks. KILLING THE QUEEN AT TIME OF SWARMING. Another way that some of our bee-keepers'have practiced, is to clip the queen's wing, and as soon as a swarm issues, while the bees are still out, destroy all the queen-cells but the largest (this is not difficult when there are so few bees in the hive); kill the old queen and let the swarm return. In this way increase is prevented, the colony is kept at maximum strength, the swarming-impulse is destroyed, and the whole apiary becomes requeened. Mr. Robertson, of Michigan, who will be remembered as one of Michigan's best apiarists, was loud in his praise of this method. In this case no increase is permitted. THE HEDDON METHOD. It is hardly necessary to describe the Heddon method of managing swarming. Mr. Heddon arranged his system with reference to securing an increase of one only from each colony. I do not think Mr. Heddon clips his queens' wings, but his sys- tem can be practiced just as satisfactorily, and I am sure with a great saving of time if the queen's wing is dipt. As soon as the swarm issues a new hive with combs (if available, or else with foundation or starters in the frames) is placed on the old stand exactly where the old hive stood. If the queen's wing is dipt, she is caught, caged and put into this hive, and the swarm allowed to come back, which, of course, they will do. At nightfall the queen is liberated. In case the queen's wing is not dipt, the swarm is hived in this new hive on the old stand. The old hive is placed close beside the new oue, with the entrance in the opposite direction. Each day this old hive is turned around a little until the seventh day when it is close side by side the other hive, and its entrance in the same direc- tion. At nightfall, on the seventh day, or early on the eighth day, before the bees lly, this hive is carried to some other part of the apiary. Of course, the old bees, or those that are now gathering in the fields, will all go back to the old place, and will enter with the other colony, where the swarm was hived. Thus this will become very strong and ready for splendid work. The old colony will become so depleted of bees that when the first queen comes forth on the eighth day, she and the bees will proceed at once to destroy all the other queens, so that very rarely will this colony attempt again to swarm. This is surely a good method where we wish to just double our colo- nies or to get one swarm from each old colony. It might be thought better to destroy all queen-cells but one, and save this work and manipulation. In this method, however, we are apt to overlook some queen-cell, which need not trouble us in case of using the Heddon method, for we let the bees destroy the queen-cells. Again, I think the work Is less than any other method I have ever tried. I always bad such good success with this method that I feel like recommending it. Los Angeles Co., Calif., April 29. Why Swarms Desert the Hive. BY C. C. rAR.SONS. On page 50() of the Bee Journal for 1896, W. J. E. seems to bo In what Smith called " a predicament," and, among other questions, askt Dr. Miller : " Do you know what made them leave ?" Dr. Miller puts two of the best witnesses on the stand, and they give such conMicting testimony that one would think they did not know anything about the sub- ject under consideration. Then the good Doctor advises shade and ventilation — good things to have In August; says, also, that he has had very little practice In hiving natural swarms. I began my scientific course on the Jump in swarming time; that is. In running down a contrary (?) swarm. We hived It every day for nearly a week. In the uew-fanglod hive. (Dr. G. W. Bistline, of Texas, was my teacher and comrade.) We ran this swarm of bees all over the country, and cut down several trees, trying all the while to put three pecks of bees into a two-peck hive. We finally put them into a box-hive a mile from home, and they went to work all right. The Doctor was so disgusted with them that he gave them to me, and they gave me a bad case of bee-fever. This being my first practical lesson in scientific bee-cul- ture, I studied it well, but several years past before I had learned it thoroughly. I practiced the entrance-guard method, as recently mentioned by Mr. Skaggs on page 164, and at one time I thought it was the end of trouble in hiving swarms, but later I found that it, too, was a delusion — bees won't be made to do. Sometimes they would leave the queen and re- turn to the old hive, or enter a queenless hive In the apiary. Since 1890 I have not lost a single swarm after It had been hived. When a swarm is to be hived, I put Into the hive an empty comb, placing it near the middle, filling the hive with frames of foundation or starters. (Be sure that the hive is large enough to hold the bees.) It the hive be thus ar- ranged, you need not worry about shade or ventilation any more than you would if the bees were already at work in the hive. I use the 10-frame Simplicity hive, with fixt bottom- board, entrance % inch, and full width of the hive ; and when I hive a swarm I do not give any upward ventilation. I am not as anxious as I used to bo about getting every bee into the hive. When I see the queen enter I go about my business and do not fuss with the bees. They will be better satisfied if you will let a portion of them cluster upon the outside till work has been begun within. Jefferson Co., Ala. Non-Swarraing Bees — A Swarm-Catcher. BY C. DAVENPORT. There has been considerable said about the possibility of breeding out the swarming habit, and many kinds of non- swarming devices have been made and tried. But I do not believe anything really practical in this line has as yet been invented, and, in my opinion, it is very doubtful if there ever will be, though I hope I may be mistaken In this, for there is no doubt that if the swarming habit could be bred out without affecting the working qualities of the bees, or any device made that would accomplish the same result, it would be of great benefit to most apiarists. As to breeding out the habit, I have faith that considerable can be done in this line, the from experience I know that progress towards this end is very slow. In producing comb honey, instead of allowing natural swarming I prefer dividing, or artificial swarming, and I can by this means obtain better results with less work; but in order to do so, one has to thoroughly understand his locality in regard to the time and character of Its honey-flows, as well as many things in regard to the bees themselves. On this account beginners and amateurs will probably have better suc- cess by allowing natural swarming, after taking due precau- tion to prevent it in the way of shade, ventilation, and surplus room. The principal objection to natural swarmingis the trouble of watching for and hiving the swarms, and various have been the means aud devices resorted to in order to avert this, prob- ably the most successful of which are queen-traps and dipt queens ; but neither one nor both overcome all the difficulty, for a swarm that has no queen with it will often alight, and after hanging for some time, instead of returning to its own hive, will frequently try to enter some other, or divide up and try to enter a number of others, the bees of which sometimes kill the entire swarm If the apiarist is not at hand to prevent it. For many years I allowed" natural swarming, with hun- dreds of colonies, and I have had many and various experi- ences with swarms, but I never had a natural swarm issue and leave without first alighting and hanging for some time. I have had a great many swarms issue again a short time after they had been hived, and leave without alighting, but this is deserting instead of swarming. It is usually an easy matter to tell if a natural swarm intends to desert. This may have been explained before, but I do not remember seeing it. When a natural swarm is hived, if It has a queen it Is seldom It will desert the hive before the next day ; at least I never knew one to do so ; and early the next morning after they are hived. If they intend to stay they will bo briskly at work, " weather permitting." On the other hand, If they in- tend to desert, but few bees, comparatively, will be moving In and out, and in a languid manner. In the latter case. If they are set In a dark cellar for 48 hours they will generally go to 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 293 work briskly when set out a(?ain, and feel contented with the hive they are in. Sometimes less time in a cellar will suflice, aitho I cannot say from experience. If the colony was left in the yard, and the entrance and top of the hive closed with wire-cloth, so they would have plenty of ventilation, and left so until they had used up the honey in their honey-sacs, I be- lieve it would answer as well as the cellar plan. Or, with such a swarm, if it has a laying queen and her wings are not dipt, an entrance-guard or queen-trap can be attacht to the hive, which will prevent the loss of the swarm. HOW TO MAKE A SWARM-CATCHER. I will describe how to make a swarm-catcher, with which a swarm clustered BO or 35 feet high can be hived nearly as quickly and easily as when near the ground. It requires only a short time to make one. The material, which is worth but a few cents, consists of a large bag made out of any kind of stout, coarse cloth — such a sack as binding-twine comes in is excellent. To hold the mouth of this sack open, a piece of smooth wire as large or a little larger than telegraph wire is used, which is bent to a circle with the ends overlapping some inches, so that they can be tied together with small wire or stout cord. The mouth of the sack is then securely sewed around this wire hoop. A crotcht stick, the prongs of which naturally or of their own accord stay as far or a little farther apart than the diameter of the wire hoop, is used, and with stout cord the end of each prong is tied to the wire hoop directly opposite each other, so that the sack swings free. Now the open mouth of the sack will always point upwards, no matter at what angle the pronged stick may be held. The stick below the prongs should be at least 2 feet long, so the small end of a long, light pole can be attacht to it by allowing the two to overlap a couple of feet, and binding them together with two short straps. Different length poles can be used, as they can be attacht or detacht in an instant. When a swarm is clustered on a small limb, the catcher can be raised up around them, then quickly raised up, which jars the limb so that the whole swarm falls right into the sack. If they are clustered on a large limb, the mouth of the sack can be raised up under them, then by moving it to one side the bees are brought into the sack, and a swarm can be picked right off the body of a tree, for by letting the mouth of the sack catch on the tjody of the tree below the bees, then gradually raising it up, the bees will be brusht in. Until tried, no one would believe from what apparently inaccessible places swarms can be secured with one of these, when rightly made. Southern Minnesota. Report of the Utah Coveutlou. The Utah State Bee-Keepers' Association held its regular semi-annual convention in Salt Lake City recently, and an ex- cellent program was rendered. There were between 40 and 50 bee-keepers present, from different parts of the State, and much interest was manifested in the discussions. After the repbrts of the committees on foul brood, trans- portation, etc., the election of officers for the ensuing year- was had, with the following result : President — E. S. Lovesy ; Vice-President-at-large, George Hone; Secretary and Treasurer, J. B. Fagg, of Mill Creek : Assistant Secretary, G. E. Garrett. The following were elected as County Vice-Presidents : F. Schach and B. Christensen, for Salt Lake county ; Wm. Peay and John Hawkins, for Utah county ; J. A. Smith, for Wasatch ; Wm. E. Smith and G. E. Garrett, for Davis ; J. Hanson, for Box Elder; O. Falkman, for Weber; T. Bilston, for Juab; C. Canuteson, for Sevier; Mrs. Woodbury, for Washington ; George Craner, for Tooele ; Henry Bullock, for Cache ; and T. R. G. Welch, for Morgan. PRESIDENT LOVESY'S ADDRESS. The address of President Lovesy was then listened to, and was in part as follows : "We can congratulate our bee-keepers that in some re- spects we meet under more favorable conditions than at any other time in the history of the bee-industry in this State. A satisfactory settlement of two vext questions that have been the cause of much agitation seems about to be realized at last. I refer to the foul brood question and the spraying of fruit- trees while in bloom. Four or five years ago 90 per cent, of the people believed that unless the spraying was done In the bloom no beneficial results would bo obtained, but after many experiments and much experience, it has been demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt that there is no coddling-moth present when the trees are in bloom. It has been proven in the green-house and in the open air that the moth will not hatch out or lay their eggs at a less temperature than about 60'J. It has also been proven that the trees will blossom and bear fruit at a less temperature than this. Thus we find that in some parts of Utah and other countries fruit is grown where the temperature is too low for the moth to live or exist. Even if imported to the places they will die off without doing any harm. Some of the larvaj can be destroyed if the poison is on the apple when the tiny larva hatches out of the egg, but if much success is to be obtained other plans will have to be adopted to catch and destroy the larva and moth, and thus prevent their destructive work. " In regard to the foul brood question, we believe that after all the agitation there has been on the subject, we have at last obtained a law that can be effectively enforced. It is short and to the point, and we see no reason why it should not result in much benefit to the bee-industry in this State. "Another ve-y important subject that should be consid- ered by this meeting is the marketing of our products. Honey was brought to this city last fall from Utah county and other points and retailed for one cent a pound less than carload rates which the bee-keepers could have obtained at their own homes, and the expense of hauling could also have been saved. There cannot be any wisdom in a course of this kind ; and a much-desired result might be obtained if some plan could be adopted to prevent this as far as possible. If our bee-keepers having honey to dispose of would report early in the season it might, in many instances, be loaded on the cars and be shipt. This would help to prevent the utter demoralization of our home markets. We have heard complaints that if our bee- keepers would or could adopt some plan to try and reach the consumer without rushing on to the market at any price, it would be better for all concerned, as we all know that all pro- ducts of the farm of every name and nature are being sold, or rather sacrificed, at about half or less than it should be sold for. There can be no prosperity as long as such conditions last. E. S. Lovesy." HONEY MARKETING AND TRANSPORTATION.. The subjects of marketing and transportation were then taken up. It was shown that honey had been put on the home market at ruinously and unnecessarily low rates. Many sug- gestions were offered, but the general opinion was that the most successful plan would be to buy up the crop, or that part of it that is rusht on the market. It was finally decided to solicit correspondence from the bee-keepers through the State, with a view to find out the amount of honey and wax, and where located, so as to be able to make shipments, and thus help to prevent the demoralization of the honey market. FOUL BROOD DISCUSSION. The subject of foul brood was then discust. Mr. Scott said so far his bees had not been seriously troubled with foul brood. He described the method by which the bee-keepers of Utah county collected their products for shipment. He thought the bee-keepers in each county should be able to adopt some plan to dispose of their products. Wm. Lincoln gave a recipe for the cure of foul brood, say- ing it was a matter in which all bee-keepers should take a deep interest. Frederick Schach continued in the same straiu. Pres. Lovesy spoke of the benefit of common salt in the treatment of foul brood, and the disease known as " pickled brood." Some excellent remarks were also made by Vice- Pres. Hone and Messrs. Peay and Hawkins, J. A. Smith, W. E. Smith, and others. Mr. Bilston gave an interesting account of how he cleansed his bees from foul brood by putting the hive, frames and all into a steam boiler, made of 2-inch plank. It is 2 feet wide, and S to 12 feet long, or as may be desired, and any depth. A sheet of iron is used for the bottom, and a piece of heavy ducking with a double coat of white lead Is laid between the Iron and wood. The boiler is laid on a brick flue, with a grate and door at the front end, and a small chimney at the back. Mr. Swensen thought this was a good and effective plan to get rid of foul brood. It was safe, and saved everything worth saving. 294 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13, Mr. Canuteson thought it was poor policy to try to cure foul brood, for, as a rule, the bees were not worth saving, as they usually died in the winter. THE SPRATING OF FRUIT-TREES. The spraying question then camo up. Messrs. Faulkman, Hanson, Sanberg, and several others spoke on it. The bees are the fruit-growers' friends, and all were of the opinion that to spray in the bloom after the proof and experience we have had in the matter, was not only throwing money and time away, but would be criminal. The belief was also en- tertained that in Utah there would be no more serious trouble on this subject, as past experience had proven the folly of such a course. Mr. Lovesy said that the apple-trees came into bloom about the latter part of April, and when the moth lay their eggs they hatch out in about a week, and yet no moth-larvfe are found in Utah prior to the first to the third week in June, as a rule, thus proving that no eggs are laid until about a month after the trees were in bloom ; and while spraying may wash the pollen out of the blossom, and thus destroy the fruit, it can do no possible good. Mr. Hawkins askt if It would be possible to organize a Honey Exchange. Remarks were made on the subject by Messrs. Fagg, Butler, Scott, and others, but no definife con- clusion was reacht. HONEY- ADULTERATION AND FRAUDULENT DEALERS. The subjects of honey adulteration and fraudulent dealers next came up. The bee-keepers were warned not to allow themselves to be caught or robbed by the latter class of people. Messrs. Hone, Fagg, Scott, Stuart, and others showed conclusively that glucose was one of the main causes of the ruinously low price of pure honey. Incidentally it was exprest that if sufficient capital could be raised to organize a Honey Exchange it might be productive of much good to the industry. Mr. McRay gave a long and interesting address on those subjects. He said that adulteration was practiced in the East to such an extent that the people could not tell what they were buying— honey or something else. It is disgusting to • the bee-keepers and to the general public, and it works a serious injury to the bee-industry. It was decided that a general movement should be made by all bee-keepers in the United States, to petition the General Government to pass a law against the adulteration of honey ; and a resolution was past by the convention asking the co- operation of the bee-keepers of the country in this matter. The above report was compiled from notes taken by Sec- retaries Fagg and Garrett. E. S. L. CONDDCIED BY DR. O. O. 3iILLER. MARBNGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller dlrect.l Increasins; the Number of Colonics. 1. What is the best way to increase my colonies? Could I put on queen-eijcluding honey-boards and put one queen in the top story, one in the bottom, and get them both to lay ? or would they Increase Just as fast if they were divided ? 2. What is the best way to divide colonies? How many times can they be divided In one season. If working mainly for Increase of bees, and the honey crop is fairly good, the bees being In good condition ? Audrain Co., Mo. Answers.— 1. It's somewhat dillicult to say just what would be the best way for you to increase. You ought to have a good text-book and study up general principles, then you will be In better position to know Just what will suit your case. For many persons, nothing is better than to Increase by natural swarming. For some, artlflcial increase is better, especially when one is anxious for increase, and the bees re- fuse to swarm. The plan you have in mind, separating the colony Into two parts by a queen-excluder, and putting a queen in each may work well, but there are exceptions. You say, " put one queen in the top story, one in the bottom," Now if you mean that literally, having both queens of the same kind, then you might about as well have the two In separate hives from the start. Perhaps what you mean is, having the old laying queen In one story and letting the other story rear a queen. If you can make a succes of this latter plan there maybe quite an advantage in It. But they'll not always rear a queen in the queenless story. The more separation there is between the two parts, the greater likelihood of success. It will help mat- ters if you put a sheet of tin or thin boards over the larger part of the queen-excluder. All may be covered except a row or two of cells around the outside. Leave the old queen in the lower story, and have a small entrance to the upper hive. Two or three days after making the division you may expedite matters by putting a sealed queen-cell in the upper story, or better still, a young queen Just out of the cell. When the queen is laying in the upper story, all you have to do Is to set It on a new stand, and your doubling is complete. If you can get the bees to rear a queen In this way. It Is better than dividing from the start, for the old queen can go right on laying her full quota, whereas if the colony Is weak- ened by division, the queen's laying will be lessened. If you are working for extracted honey, you may find it a good plan to put a story of extracting-combs over the lower story, then a third story above containing brood-combs. In this third or upper story the bees will be pretty sure to rear a queen if you give them eggs or young larvaj. Of course there must be an upper entrance. 2. The previous answer tells something as to the best way to divide ; and as to the number of times, you can keep on starting a new colony every time you remove the upper story with a laying queen. Sowing for Bee-Pasturage. I have about li of an acre of spare ground which I do not want to plant with vegetables. I have just bought four more tolonies, and would like to plant something for the bees to work oa. What is best to sow ? There is very little for bees around here. J. H. D. Answer. — Perhaps you can sow nothing that will give more nectar for the amount of ground than sweet clover. But J^ of an acre of ground cannot be expected to do a great deal, no matter what it contains. Black and Shiny Bees. 1. The bees are carrying black, shiny-looking bees ou tof the hives. What is the cause of their turning black ? 2. What shall 1 do to prevent it ? Linn Grove, N. J. Answers. — 1. Bees become black and shiny when they lose their " feathers." ' A very few such bees may be seen In almost any apiary, but they will be seen in greater numbers when a colony is attackt with bee-paralysis. If they have paralysis, you will notice that they have a peculiar trembling, and their bodies become swollen. 2. Probably there is nothing you can do. Many cures for bee-paralysis have been proposed, but it is doubtful whether any of them do much good. In the South, colonies suffer severely from paralysis, but as far north as New Jersey the loss seldom amounts to much. An Experience with a Laying-Worker Colony. As to-day was quite warm and pleasant after a long, cold, rainy spell, I went out to my bee-yard to see how many of my nine colonies of bees were bringing In pollen, and I saw that eight of them were coming in loaded. While watching the other one I saw drones in front of the hive. This colony has been carrying out dead bees every warm day during the past winter, and I have scraped out large quantities of them with a stick. When I discovered those drones I immediately un- packtthem and opened them up for investigation, and found a good double handful of drones and about twice as many workers, and the two center frames with patches of drone- brood, larval, and eggs, some cells containing as many as three eggs. I immediately said, " How do you do, Mrs. Lay- ing-Worker ?" and resolved to adopt heroic treatment at once. I took each frame and examined it carefully, and placed It in another hive, but of course I found no queen or laying- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 295 worker. I cleaned the hive out nicely, and carried them away quite a distance, and shook and brusht every bee into the air, altho it was not very warm, and I lost some bees by it. I cut the brood all out of the two frames, and placed them next to the outside of the hive; took a nice frame of brood and eggs from another hive, and placed in the center, and am now awaiting developments. 1. Did I do the right thing ? 2. Will they try to rear a queen from the eggs in the frame I put in ? or will they be apt to try it from some of the scattering eggs left in those outside frames ? 3. I am rearing some queens in an observatory hive In the house, which are due to be out on the 12th, and I shall give them one of these. If she mates with one of those drones, will the result be the same as if mated with any other drone ? The "Old Reliable " comes every Thursday as regular as clock-work, and I can hardly put it down until I have read every word, advertisements and all. I would not think of keeping even a few colonies of bees without it. May it live long and prosper, and be as great a blessing to its worthy editor as It is to its readers. Weeping Water, Nebr., April 'J. Answers. — 1. Treatment still more heroic would probably have been more profitable. It would have been less trouble to break up the colony, giving the whole of it to some colony that needed strengthening, putting the hive under the hive of the colony to be strengthened, or else dividing the contents of the hive among two or more. Especially is this advisable in early spring. At this time a colony having bees enough to cover four or five frames will make progress increasing, whereas if you divide it in two parts each part will seem to stand entirely still for weeks. So instead of taking brood to help the laying-worker colony, if you increase by so much the force of some rather weak colony with a good queen, you will be able later on to take a colony from it and be farther along than by keeping up the name of a large number of colonies in the first place. 2. They will be likely to use the brood you gave them, even if they use some of the drone-brood as well. 3. Opinions differ as to the virility of drones from layiug- workers, some saying they are as good as any, others that they are not. In any case, queens reared early in the season, before drones abound, are not likely to prove the best, and may be superseded while comparatively young. Which makes another argument against trying to tinker up a colony that has laying-workers. In general, it isn't worth while to fool with a colony of laying-workers. They are old, worn-out bees, not worth much anyhow. A Beginner'§ Clue§tions. 1. Is It the old or new queen that goes out with the swarm ? 2. Do you clip one or both wings of the queen ? 3. If dones are killed, how is it best accomplisht? How repress the rearing of them 1 4. When sections are not finisht in the fall flow of honey, can the bees be fed and cause them to finish them ? If so, do you advise this plan ? I have five colonies; they are hybrids, and I wish to Ital- ianize them the first of May. I want gentle bees and good workers. Edgar Co., 111. Answers. — 1. The old queen goes with the first swarm, and a young queen with each after-swarm. 2. A bee has four wings, a large one and a small one on each side. It is sufficient to cut the large wing on one side, and better than to cut a little from all. L. A. Aspinwall re- ports that he has cut off about an eighth of an inch from the .wings on both sides of virgin queens, and finds they become fertilized all right, showing they can fly with that amount cut from both sides. (He does this to secure fertilization from his own drones rather than to have them fly off to a distance.) But if the same amount be cut away from one side only, It throws them out of balance when they attempt to fly, and they tumble to the ground. If you cut off just the one large wing, takeoff all you can conveniently. With only one wing cut away, the defect is scarcely noticed, so that if you care greatly for the beauty of your queens, you will cut only one wing. But the very fact that such clipping is not so readily noticed makes it objectionable to one who has much work in the api- ary, so I prefer to cut off all I can conveniently from both wings on one side, then I can tell at a glance whether a queen is dipt or not, 3. You can kill drones by means of a drone-trap in front of the hive, catching them In It and then destroying them. A better plan is to slice the heads off the drone-brood after it is sealed. Much better than either is the plan of having no drone-comb in the hive. Fill every frame full of worker foun- dation. But bees are sometimes so desperately in earnest about rearing drones, that they will work a few drone-cells in every possible place, and will even build some cells on worker base. G. M. Doolittle thinks it better to allow thera one or two square Inches of drone-comb in the hive, and this satis- fies them, and gives the bee-keeper no trouble to fir.d it, so he can slice it every two or three weeks. 4. Most bee-keepers decide that it Is not easily practica- ble, and not profitable. Management of Swarms at Out-Aplaries. I have just noticed that you have been hauling bees to out-apiaries. That's just what I will do to-morrow, but only three colonies. I will take them away some 20 miles, where there Is a lot of basswood. The man, where I want to put them, is the owner of a large farm, and would not like to do a thing among them, and that's just what I like, for I want to manage them myself. Would it be wise, or best, to use the Alley trap at swarming-time, and look after them every Sat- urday, and when I find a colony that had swarmed, at the right time to cut out cells, and put that hive on a new stand, and have no after-swarm ? I will give them more room in the brood-nest than at home. E. B. K. Answer. — You can probably make your plan work. You don't give very full particulars, but if I understand you rightly, you intend to put part of the bees and the queen that you have found in the trap in a new hive, leaving them on the old stand, putting the old hive on a different stand. If you leave in the old hive barely enough bees to keep the brood from chilling, there will be little likelihood of swarming, even if you cut out no queen-cells. You may do well to brush at least half the bees off the combs, and would risk little in brushing off two out of every three combs, for the weather will most likely be warm, most of the brood will be sealed brood, and it does not chill easily. Buying and Shipping Bees. Mr. A. must buy bees and have them shipt 200 miles, from Mr. B., who will send him by express, c. o. d., a good 2- frame nucleus with laying queen ; and at the same time a 10- frame hive nailed and containing 8 brood-frames, also nailed, and having 1-inch starters. Or, instead, he will send him a pound of bees an-d a laying queen by express, c. o. d., and by freight, a 10-frame hive, nailed and containing 10 empty extracting-combs. Which should A. buy? E. B. Answer. — That's a little too hard for me, but I'll make a guess at the answer, trusting that if it isn't orthodox some one will set me right. You don't say so, but I suppose you mean that the first hive is to be sent by freight as well as the second, and of course in each case the hive will be shipt ear- lier than the bees, so as to be ready for use on their arrival. The hives are sent by freight to save expressage. The ex- tracting-combs sent with the second hive are simply empty brood-combs. With my present light, if I were in A.'s place I think I'd take the first lot. It will cost more for expressage to get a nucleus than a pound of bees, but he has a small colony in full working order to start with, it being understood, of course, that the two frames are well filled with brood. Altho they will have to build their own comb, they will be gaining every day in strength, while the pound of bees will be losing strength every day for three full weeks before a single young bee Is added to the number. ■White Clover Seed.— We have quite a quantity of White Clover Seed on hand that we will send you at a bargain. A little of it goes a good ways. It usually retails at 25 or 30 cents per pound, but we will mall you 2 pounds for 40 cents, or for sending us one new subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a year. -*-»-* Tbe ItlcEvoy Foul Brood Xreatmeut Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational "Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or dubbed with the Bep Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 296 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13. GBORCE: W. YORK, . Editor. PUBLI8HT WEEKLV BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, ua Mlclilssaa St.. - CHICAGO. ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Post-Offloe at Chicago as Seoond-ClesB Mall-Matter. VoLfflyil. CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 13, 1897, No, 19, 'TTTTTTTTT' Editorial Con}n)ct)i^^ Xhe Apis Dorsata at Home.— The A. I. Root Co. say in Gleanings that they are arranging with a missionary to India to experiment with Apis dorsata in its native clime. Hives and all necessary equipments will be sent with the mis- sionary, Mr. W. E. Rambo, who expects to return to his work at Damoh, India, In September. Now, that is a sensible way to find out whether or not " the giant bees " can be domesticated. If it is found upon trial that they will live and be a success in hives in India, then it will be time enough to bring them to America. Bee- keepers can afford to await and see the result of the Root experiment. In the meantime we can all hope that good may come from it. Bumble-Bees in New Zealand.— The follow- ing is reported in a foreign paper, referring to the value that bumble-bees have proven to the clover seed crop of New Zealand : " The bumble-bees have been a great success in Canter- bury (New Zealand), and clover seed has been exported to England the last three or four years. It is estimated that the clover seed crop is worth 30,000 pounds sterling per annum to this Province, and this is entirely due to the successful im- portation of the bumble-bee." And yet there are those who would destroy all the bees if they could, not realizing their importance in the fuller ferti- lization of blossoms iu field, orchard and garden. Let's keep such information before the public, until it ceases to under- value the twofold work of the bees. The Drawn or Deep-Cell Foundation.— It would be really laughable were it not so very regretful to note the various receptions the idea of drawn foundation has met with, and that by bee-keepers, or would-be-thought bee-keepers, even before they have given it a trial. After awhile, we think these same blusterers and more noisy ones will be seeking some convenient hole to crawl into, and thus try to have " progressive " bee-keepers forget their hasty con- demnation of what promises to all fair-minded people to be one of the advance steps of modern apiculture. Referring to this matter. Gleanings for May 1 gives the following, which shows now msTORV repeats itself. The little opposition that has been stirred up against the new drawn foundation is not so unlike the opposition that was urged against railroads In China, where, after using one awhile, they tore the rails up, as the cars " disturbed " the repose of their ancestors. (The new drawn foundation seems to have disturbed the "repose" of a few bee-keepers.) When railroads were first suggested in this country, so great a man as Daniel Webster "proved " in Congress that a railroad train could never go up grade, could never be stopt within 20 miles on a level, and never on a down grade ; that it was not safe, and yet he lived to see them stopt in their own length at any point. The English bridge builder, who built the great Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence river, declared that the pro- posed suspension bridge at Niagara would never hold its own weight up, that it was not safe, and " proved " it — by riding over it in a car while on his way to dedicate his own bridge further on. In these latter days a few have tried to make out that the new product is going to ruin the bee-keeping industry, and, according to their opinion, they have "proved" It too. As prophets they can look backward better than forward. But railroads and suspension bridges have come to stay, and so has the new drawn foundation. The opposition that drawn foundation has so far received reminds us of the dog-and-moon story. The little yellow dog tried to annihilate the moon by barking at it. Of course all know the result. The moon simply continued in its course. So will the drawn foundation. How ridiculous it is for those who have sold and used comb foundation for years to come forward now and condemn the new kind, when it is made from the same kind of pure beeswax as the old, and has been proven by those who have tested it, to be no more objectionable than ordinary comb foundation, when it comes to eating comb honey produced with it. Nothing but jealousy or ignorance could possibly be the cause of most of the foolish opposition to it. We hope that the new drawn foundation will prove all that Its promoters anticipate for it, and that like many other valuable inventions, it may be among those things that have helpt to make the pursuit a greater success than it ever could have been without them. Dr. Besse's Sw^eet Clover Case.— Many are interested in the outcome of Dr. Besse's sweet clover case, in Delaware Co., Ohio. Here is bis last report concerning it, dated May 5 : Editor York : — As I promist to keep you posted in regard to my trial, and as I am getting letters of inquiry from all over the country in regard to it, I take the present opportunity to say that my case will not come up for trial at this term of court. The pleadings have just been completed, and the case now stands at issue for the first time. I shall be compelled to take testimony iu different parts of the State, and may be from other States, and prepare the case for trial at the next term of court. H. Besse, M. D. For the benefit of the many new subscribers that have been added to our list recently, we would say that Dr. Besse's case grew out of the destruction of a field of sweet clover as a noxious weed by the township trustees, for which act the Doctor sued for damages, claiming that his bees were thus deprived of securing a crop of honey last year. We, like others, await with interest the result of the suit. End-Spacingf Old Frames. — (Heanings gives the following directious to make end-spacing frames out of the old-style Hoffman frames : Next week we shall cut off the top-bars and put on the end-spacing staples to all the frames in use In our apiary. The projections of the top-bar are % inch, and we shall there- fore have to cut off about y of an inch from each end. To do this most expeditiously we have constructed a tray without bottom, 4 inches deep. The length of this tray, hiilieet music Size. Large, Beautiful, ValuaWe. ^.^ ^•- A Siiperl) Collection of Music, This is a Collection of the Best and Most Popular Devotional Selections gathered from the Greatest Composers of Sacred Music. The only bound collection of devotional selections full sheet music size. c9 splendid pieces of sheet music for less than one-half cent acopy. What Otbers Say of It. "The retinlng InHuence of music in almost any form is generally acknowledged, but most of us are unable to appreciate ' Songs without words ' Therefore, every publication which serves to wed the poetry of the heart to the compositions of musical masters is a blessing. As such, I esieem the collection entitled 'Sweet Sacred Songs' very highly." - A. J. Canfieli), Pastor St. Paul's Church, Chicago. •' It is no false pretense to claim that this Is ' a collection of the best and most popular devotional selections gathered from the greatest composers of Sacred Music' It is a casket of precious gems that ought to be in every choir, and in every home where there are lovers of sacred song."— P. S. Henson, Pastor First Baptist Church. Chicago. "It is a choice collection of the finest devo- tional music now in general use In church choirs and among singers in the home. We know of no collection of sacred music now be- fore the public which coutains so large a uumberof the finest compositions In sacred pong pubtisbt at such a moderate price." — J. T. CANTWEiiL, Editor of The Unlversaliet The Table of Contentii. Easter Eve Gounod Consider the Lilies Topllff T Know That My Redeemer Llveth Handel LeB Kameaux [Palm Branches] Faure In the Cross Prescott AveMaria Gounod But the Lord is Mindful of His Own Mendelssohn Come Ye Disconsolate Dutton Flee as a Bird Dana Watchman, Tell Us of the Night Gounod HeGiveth His Beloved Sleep Abt Glory to Thee, My God. This Night. . .Gounod Emmanuel Rodney Rock of Ages Barri The King of Love My Shepherd Is Gounod Forever With the Lord Gounod The Soft Southern Breezes Barnby The Prodigal Son Parker Angels Ever Bright and Fair Handel The Angel's Lullaby Barrl Star of Bethlehem Adams Not a Sparrow Falleth Abt Rockt In the Cradle of the Deep Knight A Crown of Glory Tours ir With All Your Hearts, etc Elijah .lerusalem Parker The Better Land Cowen The Angel Rubinstein Land of Rest Pinsuti I Love to Hear My Savior's Voice Glover Calvary Rodney Christmas Bells G ad'e Christmas Chimes Richards Behold the Star Labadler Nearer My God to Thee Barton Father of Mercies.. Barringer The New Kingdom . .Tours Savior, Breathe an Evening Blessiug. Spencer Remember, Lord, Thy Gracious Word Northrup Angel Footsteps Addison A Dream of Paradise Gray Child's Missionary Song Bullock Keep on Balievlng Bullock Weary Gabriel Remember, O Lord Morey Take Up the Cross and Follow Me I'etrie Praise the Lord of Heaven Morey I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say Morey O Praise the Lord Morey Forsake Me Not '. Glover Lord. Thy Glory Fills the Heavens... Wooiley Tired Lindsay The Garden of Prayer Key Babylon Watson The Golden Path Parker Come Unto Me Cowen Peace, Troubled 1 leart Tostl O Kesttnthe Lord McnJelssohu At Benediction Barri We take great plaasure in placing before our readers an opportunity to possess the choicest and most complete collection of sacred music ever offered to the sul)scrlbers of a paper. Our price is so low that perhaps some may think the book Is worthless, but we can assure every one that it Is worth many times the price wo are asking. The Table of Contents is a sufiiclent guarantee of the selec- tions. When we tell you that the book con- tains '256 pages of good paper; that it Is beautifully printed from engraved plates, full sheet music size; that it has a sewed back so that It win remain open on the piano rack; that it is sub.stantially bound iu a handsome enamel-coated paper cover, we beli-ve you will appreciate the otfer we are making. ReEiilar price, 75 cts. How to (Jet It, Send us 30 cents and he complete book will be mailed to you postpaid; or, the Bee Jour- nal one year and " Sacred Songs." postpaid, for only $1.1.5; or free for sending us one new subscriber at $1.00. Send two "balance of the year " subscrip- tions at 60 cents each, and we will send the book free as a premium. SPECIAI. OFFER,— The Bee Journal will be sent to a New Subscriber weekly until Jan- uary 1, 1898 and the "Sacred Songs," for only 70 cents. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS, CLOSING OUT PRICES ON FIRST-GLASS GOODS. 10 No. 1 K Dov. Hives, 8-frame 17.50 10 No. 1 E " " 10 " 8.50 Best Pollsht Sections $'2.50 per M. Other Goods In proportion. Let me make an estimate on your wants. W. J. rinch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. 10Ai:it Mention the Am. Bee Journal Our '97 Cataloff — OF— Apiarian Siippliiis, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It le full of Information. ^T" Write for It. I. J. STRINOHAM, 105 Park Place, NEW YORK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. 1. KeeD Bees for Honey ? Try my Queens. Golden Yellow or Leather color. Untested, 75c.; Tested, $l.r E.xtra- W. J. PERKINS, Red Bun, li.i.. ttet\i.Uyii tfie Aiiicricun Bee Jmi/rvMU Tested, $1.75 19A2t BeeswaxWaiited for Cash Or in E.xchange for Fouudatlou — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Woriiing Wa.\ TAo^m^ A Specialty. ^?" Write for Catalog and Prlce-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. Mention Uie American Dee JoicnujU. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eggs perfectly through warm weather, just as good as fresh ones for cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for ^5 cents a dozen. Vou can preserve them for about 1 ceut i>oi* dozen. Now Is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- mation- Dr. A. B. MASON, U.'il:; Monroe Street, - Toi-edo, Umo. MeiUion the American Dee Jovnu}^,, Cicr)cral ltcn)s^ Watering Bees. I have tried several ways of watering bees, and find a common stone crock the best. Cut a board '.j inch smaller than the diameter of the crock, then bore several V holes in it, and fill each hole with a wick. Put more boards under it, when water- soakt, so as to keep it a little above water level. Michael Haas. Wintered Well. I am well pleased with the Bee Journal, and can hardly wait until each number comes. I have 41 colonies of bees, which wintered in the cellar, and lost only one colony. Bees are late here compared with other places, of which I read in the Bee Journal. Ellis E. Snyder. Rensselaer Co., N. Y., April 15. A S'warm Notifier. I am always glad to get my Bee Journal. I enjoy reading Dr. Miller's answers to questions. I am a beginner, started with 4 colonies in the spring of 1896, and have 8 now. I had only one swarm in 1896. The bees didn't do much good. I think they will do better this year. I have had three swarms this spring, and all are doing well. I have found a way to fix my colonies to know when they swarm, without watching or paying any attention to them. I made it myself, on account of having to watch them through swaruiiug time, as I have unfortunately got the sort of bees that swarm. I will give my plans for publica- tion it it will be of any use to bee-keepers. I have no patent on it, nor don't know that I ever will have. It is done by electricity, but by proper instructions any one can put them up. J- H. Williamson. Polk Co., Tenn., April 'J'.l. [Yes, send on your description, Mr. Williamson, and we will publish it.— Eu.J Combs "Bee-Space Apart." I am askt the following question, to be answered in the Bee Journal: "On page ITS, J. E. Pond explains his method of getting bees to work in supers, but I cannot make out just how far apart from center to center he spaces his frames. He says he spaces frames just bee-space apart. Will he please tell us what "bee- space" is ? He says he gets that bee-space so and so with a 10-frame Langstroth hive, but without having a Langstroth hive or knowing its width, how is one to find the bee-space ? Inquirer." In reply to the querist, who asks my method of spacing frames " bee-space apart," I will say that I use the " Sim- plicity-Langstroth hive," 10-frame; in one side I put a '^-inch thick dummy, filling the side of the hive completely. In the space left, I fill in the 10 frames^ spacing evenly apart. It is absolutely and positively neces- sary that the frames should bang plumb and true, else the cells in one side may be deeper than in the other, and the effect spoiled. I find it necessary to space at the bottom as well as at the top of the frames, in order to make tliem hang as true as they ought. J- E. Pond. Report for 1896. 1 can hardly wait from one week to the other until I receive the American Bee Jounutl. It comes everj' friday morning. I am taking three bee-papers at present, and expect to add auotiier soon. If I had taken one or more last year. 1 might have had more honey to sell, and more bees, and in better condition. 1 have only 14 colonies of the common black bees, but they did good 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 299 work last year. From 8 colonies, spring count, I took over 300 pounds of nice comb honey in one-pound sections. At the same time I inoreast, liy natural swarming, to 14, but might have doubled if 1 had had the necessary means. I use 8 and 10 frame dovetail hives, and winter the bees on the summer stands. I am ready for them now, by having on hand 35 8-frame hives, also an extractor. I sowed Alsike clover seed this spring. and intend to sow sweet clover. I also in tend to Italianize all my colonies. The bees at present are working on the bloom, and are very busy. Your scheme of exposing fraudulent dealers and adulterators suits me ■■ to a t.'' Since I have read your editorials, my eyes have been opened. In many grocery stores I see those glass tumblers filled with a syrup to keep a little hunc-ij-comh from granulat- ing. When people get the genuine honey they will not buy that adulterated stuff. May the " Did Reliable" live long, and be used for exposing adulterators and other frauds. Joun W. Albektson. Luzerne Co., Pa., April 8. Poor Season for Honey in 1896. I did not have very good results from the bees. I got about 4.000 pounds of broken comb honey last year. I have about 125 colonies now. Last year was a very poor year for honey. J. Z. Rhodes. Wadena Co., Minn., April 28. One Hundred Pounds Per Colony. 1 have now 150 colonies, and they have begun to swarm. I have several colonies that have stored over 100 pounds of honey each this month— since the 3rd. when I put the first super on. W. H. H. Laurence. Monterey Co., Calif., April 23. Selling Bogus Honey. Some time this spring there were two men canvassing Monmouth— a town 12 miles from here, of about 1,200 inhabitants —selling extracted honey. They had been canvassing other towns before they came here. They went to a hotel and took rooms, then ordered sugar. One groceryman said he sold ■*12 worth himself to them— they ordered *I2 worth of white sugar sent to their hotel, where they had it melted up into syrup, then they out up strips of nice honey and filled a pail with it— syrup and a few bits of honey— and put a ladle in it that held about a pound, and went from bouse to house selling it as honey. They sold a great deal of it, and then past on to another town. If it had been called sugar syrup and a little honey, it %Tould have been all right, I think; but it should not have been called honey. Mr. Axtell thinks the prospect is that we will have a good honey-year, as the white clover, after so much moisture and rain, is abundant, and bees are strong. Wells are most full of water, and cellars, too. Mrs. L. C. Axtell. Warren Co.. 111., April 17. Practical Suggestions to Beginners. EuiTOK York: — The American Bee Jour- nal is a source of knowledge to me. and I have taken time to analyze the matter and find that the reason it is a source of knowledge is the fact that it is a careful record of actual experience— the best of all knowledge. With this conception of its mission. I wish to offer to beginners a few suggestions pluckt fresh from the field of actual experience. The first rough place in the road that attracted my attention was, what I needed. I finally made my selection, and here are the things that I actually did need, and made no mistake in sending my money for: 1. The American Bee Journal. 2. A good Tfil. 3. A smoker. 4. A Queen-Clipping Device. The latter named is " worth its weight in Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING-. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish IVIlite Alfalfa Extracted Iloney, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7 J-j cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans ("2 cases) or more, 6>< cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood ITlavor Ilouey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. %W A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Mieliigaii Street, CHICAGO, ILL. New London, Wisconsin, Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and ivbitest Basswood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with_ best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Lino of Supplies. Please mention tlie Americaa Bee .TourDH.1. 7Atf BEE-KEEPEES We make The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. SUPPLIES Send for Free Illiislralcd Catalog and Prlce-L.ist. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agf ut for the Southwest E. T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. nr. Abbott sells our Hires and Sections at Factory Prices. That Gueen-Clipping Device Free I Workt) Like a Cbarni. The Mouette Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all In one day, when eiamlnlng my bees. Wm. Stoi.ley, Grand Island, Nebr. PLE.'iSE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us )'(«' our. new nnnte for the American Bee Journal a year (with ?1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clippinp; Devii-e free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device wiU be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn :fcl cts. any easier. Almost every bee-lieeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. CoulduH Do Wilboat It. I have clipped 19 queens, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by tar the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. 300 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13, I«®V®R TOO LATE To Start Rlgbt. We have decided [to indur" our patrons to get a start in the best lluliaii Bers. or to change their stock], to sell not over 2 Nuclei to any one address. A S-Frame (Hotfman) :\uoIeii, f«I- !ii*J.75. iTitst runntni*' oi-er with Beos, Phil. Office A. I. ROOT CO., 10 vine St., PHIADELPHIA. PA. Wni. A. Selser, Iflgr. A Fnll Line of All Bee-Siipplies at Factory Prices. 19 Atf Mention the A nirrican Bee Journal, 4'^R-t<^^-^-:-^-i An liouest, efficient . Yellowzones • rfn^^/Jy. for all Fevers, Heartaches, Colds. Neu- fhor l-airi .iiid tnn i ^alKla, Grip, Rheuma- -^^•'{■^^■^^■','^^y tism. etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, OR monev refunded. •' It's a rare pleasure to tlnn such a remedv." "Too much cannot be saUl in praise of them." 1 Box. 25c.; fi Boxes. $1 ; most orders are $1. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15 Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. irr: SAUMENIG! Millie on the best lines, of the J be^t material known to the art. ^ HEATS WITH HOT WATER < Entirely automatic; will hatrh ( every eyt! that can be hatt-hftl, »— Simple, durable, effect! ve.Si-ml - 'i ^^^^^P* ^ Simple,dnrable.effective.SfiiJ'-i ^ ( ^^"""^""^^^ sljiui|j-*lorllliistr;i(«(lcululys,\o. j». S > THE INVINCIBLE HATCHER CO., < \\ SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, -/.N 13D5t Please mention tbe Bee Journ l1. " (jiieens Given Away." tGray Carnlolans anil Golden Italfans.f We will g-lve a fine Tested Queen (either race) to all customers orderlnpr 6 Uatested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Quf en to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens plven away will be sent to customers in August. 4jiracle and Prices April July of Bees and Queens f^^^ ^ep*^; tJntested Queen $ .75 $ .65 Tested '• 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Bestlmported •• 5.00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two " ■' ■■ 1.50 1,00 Full Colony of Bees (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We enarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. Descriptive Prioe-Iilst Free. F. A. Lockhart & Co,, lake^george. 13Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. JUST ARRIVED! My second carload of Goods from The A.I. Root Co. has arrived, and lam In shape to tin all orders promptly at their catalog prices. Send for my ae page ralaloK ; also list of Goods you will need, and I will malie you spe- cial prices on early orders. 9D9t FRKMOINT, inirH. Mention the Americun Bee Jouma'. A booltlet, handsomely Illustra- ted, descrllilni^ Nebraska, her farms and the opportunities there for young men and farm renters to become farm owners Mailed without charge on application to P. S. EURTis, General PaBsenger Agent, C, n. & Q. K. K., (Jhicago. 111. 14 A8t Mention the American Bee Jounmi, FREE gold." This quotation is sometimes used without it's full meaning, but this time it is literally true. I could not tell just whether I wanted uiirlipt or dipt queens, until I heard from Dr. Miller, aud wheu swarming-time came 1 found it no mistake to have " her majesty's" liberties curtailed, and nothing could be better to accomplish this bit of surgery than tbe Clipping De- vice. Then I use it in preference to any- thing else with which to pick up the queen when swarming. Some times it is a question in the minds of some whether to use comb foundation or not. There is no satisfaction in the busi- ness without it. There are a few things I purchast which are utterly useless to me, and will be the same to many beginners. One among them is a certain "queen-trap." I gave .50 cents for it. I have never used it once, and never expect to. A good deal of money could be saved if we knew what was real practical, and what was real useful to the manufac- turer Oltll/. I have had seven swarms up to date, and find it more of a pleasure than a task to have everything ready, and properly house them. In conclusion, change the name of the New Union to •■ Combine," or some other good name which has been suggested, and the adulterant will drive members into the fold. I will come myself. C. S. Roberts, M. D. Johnson Co., Ark., April 34. Clover Better than for Years. Bees in this part of the world are in very poor condition. Winter losses have been more than for many years, but vphat are left are doing very well on fruit-bloom, of which there is an abundance. Tbe prospect for fruit is splendid. White clover is look- ing better than for years. W. S. Feeback. Nicholas Co., Ky.. April 2(5. Against the New Drawn Foundation. I wish to express myself as not favoring the idea of drawn foundation. In the first place, it cannot be shipt in good condition without trouble. Then it must be neces- sarily expensive. Lastly, if it would add to the quantity of honey already produced, it would tend to make the honey-product cheaper on the market than it is this year, which has reacht the lowest price yet, and California's crop of 425 carloads were cut off, but will be on hand this year to in- crease the supply. Parties in our section have gotten no returns from their honey yet, that was shipt to reliable dealers last September. They shipt several carloads of comb honey to different Eastern cities, and the market has been so flooded that they have not sold it all out up to this date. If all the comb honey can't now be sold be- fore it gets candled, and California left out, I would like to ask what the case would be if drawn foundation becomes a success, and California gets her usual heavy crops. These are only suggestions. Geo. E. DuriLET. Utah Co., Utah, March 19. White Clover — Adulterators. On my return to my home (from Florida) April K!, every colony of bees answered to roll call ; this is unusual in my experience as a bee-keeper. With what pleasure 1 walkt around the apiary after an absence of four months, and received a joyous wel- come from my little pets, gaily sporting, and carrying in heavy loads of pollen ! There is a bow of promise in the bee-keep- er's horizon, for beneath our feet is a soft carpet made Ijy the tiny leaves of the white clover; we recognize in it the familiar face of an old friend, absent for five years, but not forgotten, aud we extend to it a hearty welcome. The adulterators workt a very successful game upon our honey-bees, in this city. Ounce,'/, of ^( Prevention t'l* — you know the rest. In this case ka| P^^ It consists in taking a few bottles of W^ figj that thoroughly reliable life saver |l| I©) After the long winter of inactivity J^ "' , > ou may find the spring work and (d^ %'L the hot sun more than you are JH! p^i able to bear. You may be debili- tated; your liver may not be work- smsB - mg well; you may have dyspetic ^^ .Mi_ tated; your liver may not be work- ^if '°g well; " _ jii":Jf tendencies. The above remedv (|r^ will fix you up and make you feel i few good as new. It is an infallible; is BRICHT'S DISEASE Wi URINARY TROUBLES M FEMALE COMPLAINTS K GENERAL DEBILITY K3t AND MALARIA. i;^ It is entirety a vegetable com« m K, pound. Beware of substitutes. ^^' ^^j) There's nothing so good as ^s Warner's Safe Cure. FINE SECTIONS ! We have the finest Lninber to be liad lor One-Piece Sections, all Second-Growth and White as Snow. We have all the up-to-dale ■iiacbliiery, and are inapo Ition to fill your order promptly and satisfactorily. Write for Prlce-List and Sample Section free. Yours &c , \VAUZEU4 SECTION CO., Apr. 23. '97. Wauzeka, Crawford Co,, Wis. 17Atf Mention the American Bee Jovmau Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! HUY YOUR Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to the best goods on the market. !,iti>r- i f CMnducted .iLciir.liut; to "The Chautauqua Guide to Big Profits jum out Hud sent postpaid with our l>y7 CatuloKue for4c tohelppay postaee, etc. Best ecea and stock cost no more if purchaRed of ufi, you can then sell your product to OS and thonsande others for hiqh fancy prices. We own 300 acres most eleirantly adapted to -poaltry. CHAUTAUQUA POULTRY A, PET STOCK FARM, Box 17 KENNEOY,N.Y 7 A 1 3 Mention tUe A-jiierican Jice JoumaL, !!i^i! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yellow^ Bees'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH ; or 28 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. QUEENS Smokers, Sections , Comb Foundation, ADd all Aplalran Sappliei — «hf»p. 8f nd for HCLE atalogae. E. T. FLAKAtiA^N, BelleTllIe, 111. 13A13t Please mention tbe Bee Journal. 50 Colonies Bees for Sale Cheap. 2-rranie Nucleus, witb Queen, only l^^. B. P. Kecks, White Leghorns, B. Leifborns, Black Minorca. Buff Cochin, Part. Cochin. L. Brahma, S. S. Hamburg— Eggs trom all these, 15 for Jl.OO. Also. Berkshire Pigs for sale Write for what you want. Stock all registered pedigree. N. H. SmiTH, Lock Box \, 18A4t TlLBUHY, ONT., CANAIIA. Luck or Merit ? Our compel 1 t«.)rs vav it's I,uok I hat enables us to Ketnllthel'estUailn.ad trade, tlit-l-i-sl larmtrailf.jiiirl all tbe Parks aofl Game preservrv. our riistumors buy the fence on its merits, we m-M on its merits. andnooiieot'jectstolheKood Itirk that coes wit li il. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. last fall and winter. A man palmed off as their product a large amount of mixture as honey, which he carried in a large tin- pail with a dipper. He tried a new role; in lieu of having pieces of honey Iloating in it, it was masht up fine. He canvast the city thoroughly, and sold large amounts of it, as he offered it cheaply, and was not molested in his nefarious calling; he never offered it but once at the same house. He wrote to us, desiring to purchase honey cut from the sections, aud shipt to hiui in tln- pails, claiming residence in the country. We didn't ship. Mrs. L. Harklson." Peoria, 111., April 30. Busy with Swarming. I have 4(1 colonies now, and had 21 left from last year, making an increase of 25; but there were more swarms than that, as I put several of them together. I use the S- frame Langstroth hive, and super that holds 30 one-pound sections. They com- menced swarming before the first of March, and I had my hands full of swarms for a few weeks. Wm. H. Baktlett. Maricopa Co., Ariz., April 23. Experience with Sweet Clover. April 1, 1S9.5, I received a trial package of sweet clover, on condition that I report the results. I sowed it the 13th. I first plowed the ground, sowed the seed, and harrowed with light harrow. It did not come up very well, but by August it was 2 feet high : then the drouth came on, and I saw no clover until the spring of IS'.Ki, when it made its appearance again, bloomed very well, and the bees visited it every day, but did not seem to store much honey, as it was one of the worst honey-years I ever saw. I had three swarms, and had to feed them to prevent starving. Sweet clover must be sowed every year, if you want the bloom for your bees, as it doesn't bloom the first year. I planted tbe seed I bought on separate ground — no bloom for 1897. I lost six colonies of bees last winter and this spring. There is plenty of fruit-bloom now. and the bees are busy. I can't say much about white clover, as I am looking for a drouth soon. J. L. Cbutchek. Franklin Co., Ky., April 23. A Report. I have five colonies, having lost one; the mice got in it. I want to transfer three into dovetail hives. Last fall a man bad 17 colonies in store boxes and nail kegs, and said he was going to kill them off. so I told him I would take tbe honey off and save the bees. He said I could have the bees, so I saved three buckwheat swarms. They had only about a pound of honey. I brought them home and fed them 18 pounds of sugar, but the mice killed one, and they wintered on the stand with only a few boards laid on top. I planted about .30 basswood trees this spring, and sowed 10 pounds of " giant in- carnat clover '' last spring, and it is ooming on finely now. I have woods all around, and maples, poplar, and spicewood, but my bees do not get much surplus except from the buckwheat. 1 had a swarm that came in June, and went into one of the empty hives on the stand; I got 48 pounds in boxes, and they have lots of honey now. I could not do without the Bee Journal. There are only a few bee keepers here, and these have but a few colonies. Henry C. Motle. Hunterdon Co.. X. J., April '20. CouTention Notices. Illlnoln.— The spring meeting of the Nor- thern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held Tuesday, May 18. at the residence of H.W. Lee. at Pecatonlca. 111. All are cordi- ally Invited to attend. Means of conveyance will be at the station for the beaedi of those coming on trains. B. Kennedy, Sec. New MUford. 111. ^TO HUNG I ^ Oint SniNOLE Is now bung out, notifying tbe public that we are again ready to Nbip Ctueeux. Having greatly enlarged our facil- ities, cau fill orders by return mall. iilrer-(i!ray Carniolan. Warranted (Jueen, .50c.; Tested. 7.")C. Make Money Drders pii\ al)le at Caldwell, Tex. Send for Cataloi? of Bee-Keeperit' Supplle*. Address, C. B. BANKSTON. 11 Atf CiitiiEs.MAN. Burleson Co., Tex, Meriai.rin ine Amerncan Bee Jouroc,!,. SilOKERS and FOMDATIOJI We do not catalog theQulnbyor Hill Smo- kers this year, but there may be some who prefer these styles. We still have a few, and offer them ut these special prices to close out : The Quiiiby— 2-inch barrel, single-blast, 3.-)C.; postpaid, .50c. 2H-lnch, double-blast, 60c.; postpaid, 75c. The Hill— 3-inch barrel. 40c.; postpaid, 60c. VanDeuseii Thin Flat-Bottom Fdn. In 25-pound boxes, at only 110.50 per box, while it lasts. Address, THE A. I. ROOT CO., 118 Michigan St.. ■ Chicago, III. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^O-^IJ^-J^^T'ON Can do the work of four men using hand tools, In Kipping, Cuttlng-off. Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edging-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery. Solii on Trial. Catalo^ae Free, SENEOA FAliLS ItlFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Mentio.. the Amerirnn Bee Journal, BEST ON EARTH ! ! 18 years the Standard. Tbe 4-inch '• Smoke Engine." Is it too large ? Will it last too long y Will save you lots of money and bad words. Send for Circular. 6 sizes and prices of Bingham Smokers and Knives. T. F. BINGHAin, Farwell, ITIIcta. 5 A t f Mention the A merican Bee Journal. Return lUail. Italian Queens "' Untested, 50c.; Tested, $1.00. N uclel, 2 frame. I'^.OO, Including a good Queen. Bees by the Pound. E. II. CARRINGl'ON, 5A17t De Fnuiak Springs, FJa. Golden I Texas Queens ! Adel Dr. Gallup says they are the best he ■ 11,:, iias in his yard. ilU)inO I J. o. GIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 9A'-'6t, ORDERS tilled by refuni luail or freignt for A. 1. Hoot Go's Supplies. Our choice strain Italian Queens; 1, 2 & 3 fr. nuclei If in a hurry for Supplies, send us vour orders, ."se-pao-o Cataloa: I'rce. J no. Nebel ic Sou, Hlgli'HlIl, lUo. Mention the American Bee Journal. 4Atf BEE - KEEPERS, PRICES CUT On FOUNDATION COMB to introduce Forrest Xew Method of Sheeting Wa.\ by Autouiatie Machinery. Write for descriptive Circular Prlce-List and Samples. N. B. FORREST, 15Atf AnsCRN, N. r. Mtruum. me American Bee JcunuU. 302 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 13, BE COlllED, m GET YOUR MONEV'S WORTB We offer the New C liaiiiplon Donb- led-TValled Chaff Hive, made of the Best White Pine Lumher. trom now until June 15. 189?. Complete and Painted, with Dovetail Body and Two Supers lorCon-b Honey or Extracting ; s. 9 or 10 frame bive. with Thick-Top, Helf-SpaciDg' Hoff- man Frames, including 2 or 4 loldea Tin Rabbets, Tin Cover and Double Bottom- all for only $1.50. The tame in the Flat for 98 cents : and it Outside Summer and Winter Case is wanted only, complete and painted, to fit any Dovetail or Simplicity 8, 9 or 10 frame hive, for 93 cents ; and the same in the Fiat for 73 cents. Inside measurement of Case 25x20 inches, and 21 inches high. \Ve solicit your orders. We deliver all goods f. o. b. cars or boat landing at Sheboygan, Wis. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT «k CO., Box 187, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Exiraclcd Iloncy Wanted — make Otters. BEES & NUCLEI. We can supp y Good Full Colonies ot Ital- ian Bees In 8-frame Laugstroth hives, and 3-frame Nuclei. They are in Lee Co., Illinois, 100 miles from Chicago. If you wish to buy, write us at once, as to what and how many you want, and we will quote j-ou price. GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. FOR SALE AT A BARGA1.\ ! ! A 2^-acre orange grove within the city limits ot Montemorelas, Mexico ; including an apiary of 35 colonies, and a flock of thor- oughbred poultry; also present crop of fruit and vegetables. Place has a good house and is In flrst-class condition. 'Must sell on ac- count of failure in health. Price, S700. Terms If necessary. For particulars write— W. H. COVINGTON, 17A4t MONTEMORKI..\S, N. h., Me.\ico. For Sale, Bees & Queens r.ees by the Pound, $1,00. Queens, $1.00. Nuclei, 2-frame, with Queen, $i. 50; 1-frame, $2.00. Also, Barred Ac Wliilo FlynioiilU Rocks, and Silver-Laced Wjandottes Eg;g8 at $1.00 per sitting of 15. Address, Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOT^, 16A13 SWARTS. Greene Co., Pa. Afeiitio/i tJte AinernA^an Bee Jminiai II XI »^ HONEY-EXTRACTOR lillllll ^ Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas. T. Muth & Sou, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee Journal. 13r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, -Calif., for bis Bee-Keeper's Guide. Iiiberal Discounts to the Trade. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOS Has No Sa^ In Itrood-FraniOH TliiD Flat-Kottom FouudatioD Bas lo FIslibone In the Sorplas Done;. £^^a J. A. VAN DKC'SKN, ^^^^^B Hole MAnafaotnrer, ^^^^V Bpront Brook Mootnomery Co.. N. T Mention the A-incricaii Dee JouriiaL BelDK the oleaneBt Is asnally worked tbe quickest of any Konndatlon made CARLOADS-^ Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases, Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address li of every Bee-Keeper In Amer. ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journal. For Sale, Choice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at $5.00 ; Nuclei, $1 per Frame. —Queens in Their Season.— Also a Full Stock ot the R. Taylor Handy «^'^-''^^,r/=pl,TEs. Send for Catalog, to— F. A. CROWELL, Granger, Minn. 17A4t Please mention the Bee Journal. Mention the American Bee Jtnirnal SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Pouder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. 'Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., 1ndi.\napolis, Indiana. 'Wrt'-^PoVHtll'S^j' •V-'Et Af«SWEHI rtiift «DVEfi.-(sEMFM\ Mention tws Jcusr/*^ •$• MONEY Saved ts Money Gained. *^ THE ROYAL UNM Life lusurauce Company DES MOINES, IOWA. The Iowa Policy Is one that definitely promises to keep an accurate account with you ; credit your premiums and Interest, charge the actual expense and mortuary cost, and hold the remaining funds subject to your order. Agents Wanted. Mentlc'ii the A.merican Bee .Tcwrr^zl. One Cent Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Root's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. Ifl. H. HUNT, Bell Bruiicli, nilcli. WHEN AnSWERINQ THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOUNfWC. DEC I^CEDCDQ f Let me send you my 84- DLL'NLLrLno 1 page Catalog for 18!I7. J. Ifl. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Aln. Mention the Amcriccm Bee Journal. Doctor^s fiir)is By Dr. JPE/RO, 100 State Street, *, Chicago, III, Fits are o£ various kinds, produced by different causes, and may be temporary or permanent. The most common are the fits which baby has — a result from diffleult teething. Perhaps more epileptics owe their pitiable condition to babyhood spasms than to any other cause. The warm bath for children during teething — especially when cutting their eye-teeth — is excellent. A warm bath, and brisk drying after, should be given to the wee one every night before putting it to bed. It induces a calm, refreshing sleep. If the gums over the tooth are swollen and blue, it had better be lanced — the pain is a trifle and the relief wonder- ful. Kpileptic Fits are due to a variety of conditions in the brain— more often to a clot of blood due to a rupture of a blood- vessel in the brain, when teething, which has become an irritant there, occasioning local congestion of a portion of the brain, which manifests itself into what most of us know as epilepsy or ''falling sickness" — the unfortunate falling down wherever he may be. in room or street, with clincht fists and frothing mouth. I regret to say that the family physician can do little or noth- ing for these cases. A surgical operation for the removal of the pressure on the brain has of late been advocated, but actual ex- perience from this venture does not yet offer flattering results. Idiocy is the fre- quent result of epilepsy. Ileai't IMseaxes are of many kinds, due to as many causes. Happily few are of a really serious nature, though verv un- pleasant, especially to persons of nervous temperament. Palpitation of the heart may be, and usually is, due to gastric trouble. An over- loaded stomach and poor digestion may easily account for it. Sudden fear we know, can produce the result. Yes, and sudden joy may have the same effect. Faintiugr at the heart is another of those " all gone " feelings that many expe- rience. The sight grows dim, objects "turn around, and the patient feels utterly col- lapst. But no serious danger is near. Lie down flat on your back, smell hartshorn occasionally, and drive away the mob of curious fools that generally flock around — helpless nuisances in the way— to exclaim, "Oh, my!'' Pain in the heart is not necsssarily dangerous. Sharp, cutting pains likely in- dicate a neuralgic condition of its outer covering, or ot parts contiguous to it, which proper remedies and a few days' rest will entirely cure. Sliwi-lness ot Broalli may be proof of another form of heart difficulty, denoting that the heart is weak and cannot pump blood enough into the system to keep it properly supplied, hence the panting and stuffy breathing. This condition frequently attends long sieges of sickness or very debilitating fevers. It is also a common infliction to old age. showing that the machinery of lite is well worn and inade- quate to its proper function. But a good doctor only is qualified to judge to which ot these conditions the difficulty is due. Usually a few ounces of elixir ot iron, a teaspoontui after each meal, a wholesome diet, and perfect rest will greatly mend matters, even when a cure is not possible. Dr. Peiko. AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, too State 5t., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 303 HONEY and BEESWAX 9IAKKKX 4c. ; light amber, 3V4-4C. ; dark tule. 1\n. Beeswax, fair to choice, 25-27c. New York, N. Y., May 8.— Market quiet at present at unchanged prices. Old crop well cleaned up. Will have new crop within the next week, both comb and extracted, from the south. Wc expect a fairly good summer trade at fair ]>rioes. Beeswax is weak at 2Gc. Detroit, Mioh.,Mayl.— Fancy white comb, ll@12c.; No. 1. lOSllc; fancy amber. 9® 10c. ; No. 1. Siasc: dark, "©Sc. Extracted, white. 3@8o.; amber, 4@5c ; dark, -le. Bees- wax, 25@26c. Demand is slow for honej-, and plenty in commission house. Kansas City, Mo., May 8.— Fancy white. 12@i:ic : Xo. 1. ]l@l2c.: fancy amber. 10® lie; No. I,9@l0c.: fancy dark, 8@9c.; No. 1 7(a8c. Extracted, white. 5@5^c.; amber, 4^ @5c. ; dark, 3^@4c. Beeswax, 2oc. Cincinnati, Ohio, May !■ — Demand is slo V for all kinds of honey. Comb honey, 10@l4c. for fair to choice white; extracted, 3>4@Go. There Is a fair demand for beeswax at 22@25c. for good to choice yellow. Minneapolis, Minn., May 1. — Fancy white, IKSJlSc; No. 1 white, 10@llc.; fancy amber. 9@10c, ; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7@8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6®7c. ; amber. 'oasi^c.; dark. 4(a5c. Utah white extracted, 5®5!4c. Beeswax, 2.3(iJ 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Fhiladelphia, Pa., May 1.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C.; fancy amber. 8-9c. ; No. 1. 8c. ; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white. 5-7c. ; amber, 4-5c. : dark, 3H-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. St. Iionis, Mo., May 1.— Fancy comb. 12® @13c.; No. 1 white, ll@llV4c.; amber, 9@ lOHc; dark, 7@8^c. Extracted, white, in cans. 6®7c.; amber, in barrels, 4@4!4c; extra. 5c.: dark, 3@4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 2.j@23>4c. —prime finds ready sale at 23^c. Albany, N. Y., May 1. — Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1, 11-12C.; fancy amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark. 7-8c ; No. 1. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 5-6c.; dark. 3H-4C. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., May 1. — Fancy white. 14-15C. : No. 1 white, 12-13c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Buffalo, N. Y, May 7.— Strictly fancy comb. 1-pound, mostly 10 and lie. today. De- mand Is only fair at present. Other grades range from 5@9c. Extracted, 4@5c. Boston, Mass., May 1.— Fancy white, 13- 14c.; No. 1. 11-12C. Extracted, white. 6-7c.; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Cleveland, Ohio, Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 14H@15c.: No. 1 white. 12K@13c. Extracted, white, 6®7c.; amber, 4!<®o>4c. Beeswax. 22 @25c. There is not very much honey in our mar- ket. Selling rather slow. Demand heginDlng to be a little better. Think trade will be fair Id this line this fall. List of Honey and Beeswai Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. CblcBKOt Ills. K. A. BCTRNKTT & Co.. 163 South Water Stre et. New York, N. Y. HiLDRBTH Bros. & Sboelken, Kanaa* City, Mo. 0. C. Cleuous & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnaalo, N. Y. BattersON & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St, Hamilton, III*. CHA8. Dadant & Son, Pblladelphla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Oblo. Williams Bros,, 80 & 82 Broadway, St. Iionlii, no. WESTCOTT Com. Co.. 213 Market St Mliineapollfi, ininn. S. H. HALL & Co. milwaukee, 'Wis. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. E. E, Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicb. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Pocdek, 162 Mass c husetts Ave Albany, N. Y. CnAS. MCCULLOCH St. Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. C MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman * Central A vs. AD A •""''' «>■■ la o i^ • ■ • r\m luay not Di \Jt r\i or - _ _ .- jiay not OUK APAry Is non-partisan and deals strictly first class Italian Queens— Tested. 90c Untested. 65c. 1-fr. Nucleus. 65c.: 2-fr. 11.10 —discount on quantities. M. O. office. Sparta, Tenn. COOPER ic GILIiETT, 17A4t QuEBECK, Tenn. if ertfton the Amerlccui Bee JownuU. Questioi^'Box* In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov, 11-14. The KTumbcr or Supers for the Harvest. Qnery 48.— My seasons vary from a dead failure up to an average of 8.") sections per colony. How many supers of 24 sections each should 1 have ready before the harvest ?— Illinois. Wm. McEvoy— Three. A. F, Brown — Two or three. P. H. Elwood — 100 sections per col- ony. Dr. A. B. Mason — As many as will hold the " average" in a good season. Prof. A. J. Cook — If the season seems favorable, the full 85 sections per colony. Mrs. L. Harrison — I'm not good at guessing. Ask the other fellow. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — Depend upon your judgment and practical sense to indicated the number. Jas. A. Stone — I would not have many ready beforehand to lie around and get colored, till I saw the approaching pros- pect. Rev. M. Mahin — I would provide an average of 85 sections per colony. You should have ready as many as you will need, Emerson T. Abbott — That depends upon how many colonies of bees you have. If only one colony, it will not require very many. W. G. Larrabee— That depends upon how many colonies you are running ; if you have 300 or 400 you would better have four ; if you have only a few, you would probably not need more than one, for you could got more ready when you found you needed them, J. A. (Ireen — Unless you are prepared to make up any deficit very promptly, you had better have all you are likely to need In the best seasons. G. M. Doollttle — Three to each colony; then you will have enough "dishes right side up to catch the porridge" till you can furnish the fourth super, should you need that. R. L. Taylor — I don't know your cir- cumstances. For myself, I should have about one for each strong colony ready, and the material on hand to prepare others as needed. J. E. Pond — You ought to be able to answer this question better than can any other person. It will be safe to pre- pare for a good season, then you will be sure of it if it comes ; but if you are not ready for it when it comes, where are you ? You must bear in mind the para- ble of the " wise and foolish virgins." G. W. Demaree — I keep on hand two section-cases for each hive employed In producing comb-honey. My section-cases hold 28 sections, and my experience Is that a strong colony will complete them in the same time they will your 24. This I think is about the real difference between the 8 and the 10 frame Lang- stroth hive. Eugene Secor — I should think that would depend upon how busy you are with other work while the honey-flow is in progress. If you have not too much work it would seem to be easy to keep any reasonable number of colonies (up to 100) at work after the first supers are placed. It is well to have at least one super for each colony ready, and if otherwise employed during the honey- season, two. Dr. C. C. Miller — If you must get your sections ready In advance, the only safe way is to get ready every year for a best season. Eighty-five sections will fill three supers, and part of the fourth, so you must have at least four supers for each colony, and perhaps an extra super for each two colonies, because there will be at the last a good many cases where it will be unsafe to leave without empty supers, but which may not be used at all. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: oTb lOB) 25n> 50B) AislkeClover 70 $1.25 $3.00 »3.73 Sweet Clover (white). .70 1.20 2.50 4.75 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Tour orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. LUNe DISEASES. .m years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Pelro, 100 State St., Chicago. MemUm the A-merican Bee Joutfvmi. 304 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 18, 1897. ■i a^ ■■ H A Copy of- LULL Successful Hee-Keeping, r ■■ r ■ by W. Z Hutchinson ; I 11 kk and our 1807 Catalog-, for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog lor tlie AMkInt;. We make almost Everyilitiig used by Bee-Kcepers, and at Lowooi FrIceH. Our Falcon Polislit Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie best— sucli as we make. The American Bee - Keeper (.monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages 50 Cents a Year. bAMPLE Free— Address. THEW.T.FALC0MMF6.C0., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY wuii Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hives, $50 for the best 100 Danz. sections " 25 •' 25 '■ 50 •• 20 " 20 '• 40 " " 10 '■ 10 ■• 20 " " 5 " 5 •• 10 S^~ Further particulars regarding the pre- miums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, furnlsht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Oliio. Care The A. I. Hoot Company. improved Macliine for Sheeting Wax. This machine rroduces a continuous sheet or uniform thickness and any width desired dlrettly from the melted wax. No lapping or welding done in this proces. This machine is a rapid worlier. simple in construction, easily operated either by hand or steam power, and price within reach of any supply denier. Oor- respondenee solicited, trample sent on receipt of order and postage. Patent allowed March 18, 1897. THOS. EVANS. Lansing, Iowa. I AEISE ryo SAY to the readers 1 of the BEE JOURNAL that I>OOLlTTLiG bas concluded to sell -BKBS and QUEBNS- In their aeasun, during 1897, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in HKhtBhippinK-box $6 00 Five Colonlea 25 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i oo 6 " queens 5 50 12 " *' 1000 1 tee ted Queen... |i so 5 " Queens. 350 1 selecttestedqueen^io 3 " " Queens 4 (KJ Select teHteO queen, previous season's rearing . 4 (hi Bztru Selected forbreedtnK. the vekt bbht. . &0 ill full PRICES REDUCED nn i-^t I'ri7;»j \\ inni.TM iiDfi Lkks. I'ofltjxiid iiiii receipt otlf>fiHiitH, if you wrile now. JOHN BAn3:H£E, Jr., Box 91 FreejiDit, III. Minium the American Bee Journal ^''^ Dadant's Foundation ^''^ Year Year Why Does It SeU So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IN 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging', No Loss. Patent 'Weed Process of Stieeting;. Send I\aiiie lor Our Catalog', Sainple»» of Foundation and Veil Material. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. I to 15 inches in diameter, the combs often extending a distance of 0 feet along the hollow. It Is not unusual for 100 pounds or more of extracted honey to be obtained from these nests. The black bees in this country have proved to be exces- sive swarmers during seasons when they could get just suffi- cient nectar to keep up rapid brood-rearing, but when honey was being rapidly stored they seemed to forget about increase, and set to work to store. Swarming may commence in August and continue to early in the following March. Swarms can be purehast for from 60 cents each upward. Bees are mostly kept in any convenient box that can be found. In some places the joints are so open, through warping and splitting of the timber, that the bees and combs can be seen from quite a distance; sometimes the hives are sheltered with sheets of b.irk, rough boards, etc.; at other times under a shed. After the swarm Is placed in a hive no further care Is taken of It until the autumn — generally the end of February — when they are driven to another box and allowed to do the best they can for winter. In many localities in a favorable season these driven bees will build complete combs, rear brood arid store suflicient honey before winter, which they will come through In very strong condition. Since the introduction of ihe frame hive and Italian bee, mauy have adopted the more modern methods of bee-keeping, which Is carried on similarly to American bee-keepers. In fact, Americi'n bee-literature is what is mostly In circulation, and the methods there described seem to suit this country very well when modified to suit our honey-flows. Our climate is such that very little attention is given to wintering bees, beyond seeing that they have about 10 pounds of stores, a good queen, and a watertight cover. In the warmer parts the amount of stores for winter gives no con- cern, as there is generally sufficient food to be obtained from something, as grasses, weeds, underscrub. etc.; if there should not be a winter honey-flow. To give an Idea of what a winter flow Is sometimes like, I will cite the following : During the season of 1892, Mr. M. Scobie, of West Mait- land, N. S. W., started the spring with 1 T colonies of black and hybrid bees. Anticipating favorable weather for the following winter, and noticing the spotted gum trees were heavy In bud (the buds of this tree are from 15 to 18 months from the time of forming to bursting), be allowed, or rather encouraged, his bees to swarm, hived all first and after- swarms on comb foundation, aud by April had 90 colonies when the trees burst into bloom, and before the end of June 7,000 pounds of honey were extracted. This is very encour- aging, is it not? Now for reverses : The past season has been very wet, and that same bee-keeper started with 172 colonies, from which he did not get one pound of honey, and then had to feed some of his colonies for winter. In some seasons the trees seem to arrange their time of blooming to make one continuous flow from August to the following June, with very little break between, and during such a season, with proper management. I believe It is quite possible to average 500 pounds of extracted honey per colony. These seasons are scarce, but taking one season with another an average of 1.50 pounds per colony in bushy (forest) coun- try, and 40 pounds when bees have to depend entirely on cul- tivation, is obtained. The statistics at the end of this paper do not paint things so brightly, but it must be remembered that at least 80 per cent, of the hives are boxes in which a swarm is placed to take its chance. The hive most generally in use is the Langstroth, with Simplicity size of frame, with all its modifications. A large number consider this sizeof frame too large, and have adopted the % size, to take 6 instead of 8. The 8-frame hive with Root-Hoffman frames is now being very much used. A small number of bee-keepers use the Berlepsch hive. The honey produced is mostly extracted, comb honey having very little sale. It is very varied in quality, the color varying from water-white to the dark color of golden syrup. The flavor may be very mild or very strong. Some of the finest looking honey is so rank In flavor when first extracted as to be almost unpalatable, but this rankness disappears after a time. The quantity of this rank hooey produced is small. Most of the honey produced is of excellent quality. The largest quantity aud the best qualities are produced dur- ing fairly dry seasons. Very little regard is paid by con- sumers to the color of honey, and when it Is put on an open market a dark kind of honey will generally realize as much as a lighter colored kind. The price varies with the locality and the state of the market, varying from 2}-j(f to 4d per pound (i. e., 5 to 8 cents). It is mostly sold In 60 pound tins. At present fully as much honey Is produced as a market can be found for, but as foreign markets are being opened up our home markets will be much relieved. The wax produced is of the very finestquality, and is very varied in color, from a pure "white to every shade of dark and canary yellow, and some even has a pinkish color. The white wax direct from the combs is very tough and quite different from that made white by bleaching. What is it that gives wax Its color ? I frequently find my bees build and seal their stores with wax quite a canary yellow In color. Now seeing that our honey is so varied in color, and that wax is a secre- tionary production, is It not most reasonable to expect that the difference lu color is due to the difference in food rather than impurities ? Propolis the bees must have more or less of, and varies in color and appearance from a dark red to a dirty brown, some- times granular, hard and brittle, other times soft and sticky, and will draw out in threads several inches long before break- ing. I find that only certain colonies do much propolizius. and these will gather more propolis than all the rest in the apiary, bridging over all spices between frames, etc. Where mats are not used I find propolis reduced to a miulmum. Bee-keepiug as an occupation is quite practicable here. There are a number who follow the pursuit wholly as a busi- ness, and others are going into it. The diseases of bees, viz., foul brood and paralysis, are well represented, the former confined mostly to a few localities and the latter pretty general all over Australia. Foul brood is easily cured by simply hiving the bees on new frames hav- ing comb foundation starters or full sheets In a clean hive, the old hive scraped and painted inside and out. 310 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 20, Almost the whole of the native timbers yield large quanti- ties of nectar, of which the eucalypti form the largest family. These are all hardwoods, and grow to a height of 150 and 2U0 feet. Some kinds will not throw out abrani'h until about 60 feet high, with a straight, slighlly-tapering trunk to the top. These trees grow into a very dense forest (called here " the bush"). The nectar in some of the blossoms is so great as to be easily tliniwii on the hand if it is struck with a bunch of blossoms. The blossom is very weighty, causing the branches to bend very much. There is really no systematic nomenclature of our timbers, each district calling trees by different names. Some of the trees in different districts seem to vary a little in appearance according to the kind of soil. There is also a great difference In the qualities of the timbers in different districts. Among the best honey-producing timbers may be mentioned spotted gum, ironbark (three kinds), striugbark, mahogany (three kinds), blue gum, red gum, grey gum, bloodwood, apple, water gum, etc. There is a very large variety of scrub plants producing excellent honey; grasses add a little. The gigan- tic lily has about a teaspoonful of nectar in each flowerlet, about 8 or 9 being open at one time, forming a head not un- like a clover flower, but about 12 inches in diameter, and red in color. Besides indigenous plants there are clovers, lucern, buckwheat, etc., which yield large quantities in some seasons. In associations there are a number, the representative body being the National Bee-Keepers' Association, which is yet in an experimental stage in New South Wales, but holds an annual convention with an attendance of from 75 to lUO bee-keepers. The Victorian Bee-Keepers' Association and the South Australian Bee-Keepers' Association are doing good work. There are many district associations, viz.: Hunter River, New South Wales, Muswellbrook, Wellington Valley, Murrurundi, Hawesbury, and there may be others which have not come to my knowledge. There is one paper publisht, the Australian Bee-Bulletin, that is entirely devoted to bee-keep- ing, issued monthly, in West Maitland, N. S. W. Many of the agricultural papers devote a space to bee-keeping, all helping the industry more or less. There are several firms manufacturing appliances, some few having quite an extensive business, using steam power, and some of the most modern all-iron machinery. The business of queen-rearing is not neglected, and through the energy of breeders a strain of leather-col- ored Italian bees has been produced that are excellent honey-gatherers, prolilicand hardy. A large number of yellow queens have been imported from America, but those who have bred them largely are mostly inclined to go back to the leather-colored bee. The yellow bees lack in hardiness and as winter honey-gatherers. The methods mostly adopted for queen-rearing is the Alley plan, or some modification of it. In some few cases Doolittle wax-cups are used. Of bees that are native very little may be said, as all ex- cept one kind are solitary bees, of which there are very many varieties. The only bee that stores any honey is the " native bee" — Apis trigona. It is smaller than an ordinary fly, and slingless. It is numerous in certain districts all along the eastern part of Australia. It may live in other parts, but I have not heard any reports about them. As they are of no value for commercial purposes, vory little attention has been paid to them, the quantity of honey stored by them being but small — a gallon would be an extra large yield. They are kept by several bee-keepers, more out of curiosity than fur any advantage to be gained from them. Their honey-cells are an irregular mass of cups built about without any regularity, in size about S.'IO inch in diameter, and shaped like an in- verted queen-cell stub, which is sealed over when lilled and another built on top or to one side of it. The honey is thin, of a peculiar acid taste, very like ordinary honey mixt with vinegar. Their " wax," if I may call it by that name, does not seem to be wax at all, being in color brown or nearly black, and, when melted, just like slicky propolis. I cannot describe the brood, not having had a chance to examine their brood-nest, which is said to be under the shapeless mass of hcney-cells. I extract the following from the Australian Bee- Bulletin, page 1 17, Sept. 25, 18'J3: "They do not build comb in the usual sense of the word ; secondly, the shapeless mass of tiny cup-shaped cells which constitutes iheir brood is not divided Into layers In any way, but simply tuiuiellcd with passages in all directions. When they wish to enlarge their brood-chamber they simply build a bunch of cells anywhere against the mass already built ; in them the queen lays, and when the young brood is a certain age they seal, not each individual i:ell, hut the whole bunch by covering it over with papery material, very similar to the brood-capping of the ordinary bee. The young bee hatches under this covering, but it is easily recognized as It is quite white, and remains so for some days, gradually growing darker till It reaches the bronzed green shade of the matured insect. The brood-cells would just hold one grain of No. 1 shot." I am sending a sample of the bees in a small bottle of their honey, and a small piece of their wax. The queen is very long, about ?«' inch, the head and thorax being similar to the bees. Out the body very long, of a light brown color. I could not see any signs of drones in the nest, tho they may not be any different from the ordinary bee. I have now two nests working in observatory hives; when I wish to see the queen I draw the wooden slide and allow the sun to shine through the glass on their nest. In about two minutes the queen will make her appearance, quietly crawling over the cells. W. S. Pender. Drumfin Apiary, W. Maitland, N. S. W., Sept. 1, 1894. N. B. — The statistical register for New South Wales, 18'J3, states that there are 44-, (393 productive colonies. 8,790 unproductive ones, yielding 1,139,557 pounds of honey (being an average of 255 pounds per colony), and 39,242 pounds of beeswax. From the Registrar General's Report, Queensland, 773 bee-keepers reported 11,997 colonies producing 028,051 pounds of honey. The Government Statist, Victoria, reports 3,356 bee-keepers, 27,483 colonies yielding 725,233 pounds of honey, and 24,214 pounds of beeswax. Statistics from other colinies have not come to hand. It should be remembered that the above reports include all sorts and conditions of hives. W. S. P. Mr. Benton— I should hate to have it get out that I was present and permitted some of the statements in this paper to go by without criticism. First and foremost, the bee is not " Apis trigona " at all. It is not an Apis. Our hive-bees be- long to the Apis, which is a Latin word meaning " bee." This bee comes under the Trigona, but is not an Apis. There are 40 or 50 species of the Trigona. I have had some of these bees under my care at one time, and took one little colony with me to Java from the forests of Ceylon, and carried them back into the interior of the Island of Java, and they workt as tho they were giants. They carried in loads of pollen that were very large Indeed. I was able to observe their brood- nests very carefully, and Mr. Pender is positively in error in stating that they don't keep individual cells. They are groupt together as grains of wheat stood on end. You have all dug out Bombus, and they are about the same. The individual cells are sealed — that might be called an envelope of wax en- closing the brood-cells. Those overlap, and there are passages for the bees to pass beneath. When they wish to enlarge the brood-nest, they tear down the covering and add other cells. Outside of this are the honey-cells or honey-cups, like an in- verted queen-cup on the edges of the comb. The feed is placed in first, and the queen lays the eggs on the feed. They lay the egg on a mass of pollen and honey mixt. It is not quite as dense as pure pollen would be. The egg is laid in this, and before it hatches it is sealed into the cells. The pupa or imago state is short. I have noticed that the Melipona of Brazil do the same thing. Oue thing of interest, which Mr. Pender has not mentioned is this, that for their protection, as they are stingless, they build from the center of the brood-nest a tubu- lar passage that will lead up the inside of the hive, which seems to be composed of propolis, a resinous gum. This is built so that it usually hangs down, allho sometimes they omit it altogether. I once observed a nest in an iron pillar, and the opening only admitted one bee at a time, and they built no tube for they seemed to understand that it v/as not necessary to defend themselves. I have never seen a swarm of them. Pres. Abbott — They could be clast Apis if they do swarm in a body, for the word Apis comes from a Greek word mean- ing " cling " — " hapto." Mr. Benton — I beg leave to differ from you. These names have been given to Identify a certain insect. Apis having been applied to a certain genus. These names have been given by ujen who have studied the subject, not mys.jlf, and have es- t.iblislit them, and we cannot take this bee out and call it by another name. (Cjutinued next week.) BacU Numbers Since Jan. i.— Wo are able to supply complete sets of the Bee Journal since Jan. 1, 1897, to any who niiiy di.'siro, at two cents per copy. There are a number of new" readers who perhaps would like to got some of the llrst numbers of this year, to complete their volume for 1897. We shall be glad to furnish them as long as they last, at two cents each. isyy. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 311 CONDnCTED BT DJt. O. O. itU^LES, MAKEXGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. Rape a« a lloncy-Piant. Is rape a good plant for bees? Peris, Oreg. Answek. — Rape is counted one of the best honey-plants. In this country little is said about it, perhaps because there aie selilutu large tieldsof it, and a few scattered plants amount to little, no luatter how good a yielder a plant may be. ISiit in Germany bee-keepers count much on it, sometimes hauling iheir bees to the rape-fields during the period of bloom. Keeping Aiil!< Out or Hives. How can I prevent ants from getting into the bee-hives ? WlSSOUBI. Answer. — In the North it's about as well to let them alone. Tbey don't seem to do much harm, seeming to care mainly for the heat of the hive. If they are in a hive that has quilts or sheets over the brood-frames, they make nests on top of these latter, and annoy the operator by running over his hands and biting them every time the hive is opened, but if a hive is used with a board cover and no quilts to afford lurking places, the bees will keep them out without any trouble. But in the South they are reported as sometimes being mischievous to a serious degree. Possibly the kind is different. Some succeed in driving them away by sprinkling pulverized borax. A sure plan is to have the hive on a stand with four legs, the foot of each set in a sardine box or some- thing of the kind filled with water or kerosene oil. If water is used, it must be filled up as fast as it evaporates. Piittins on Supers, Ete. The weather is fine, and I have my one colony of bees on the summer stand, apparently doing well. H. J. VV. wants to prevent swarming. Now I would like my one colony to swarm say five times, then next winter I would try wintering some on the summer stands and some in the cellar. Small grain is all in, and wheat is up. Imagine me sitting on the grass these warm days watching the bees. I would give a cooky if I could see inside of the hive, and what they were doing. I feel sorry for Mr. Boomer. I rather think if he drops the Bee Journal he will feel lonelier still. I see something about putting on two supers, but I don't know when to put on the first. S. D. Answer. — If you want to know what's going on inside the hive, why don't you lift out the frames and see ? But it may be better for the bees not to be disturbed, for whea they are getting along all right, the less tbey are meddled with the better. The general rule is to put on the first super when you find the bees putting bits of white wax along the upper parts of the comb or along the top-bars. If white clover is your chief yielder, there will probably be no need to put on a super till you find white clover in bloom quite plenty. Slurlins ^villi Uccs from Trees. I have a piece of land in the foothills of the coast range mountains, and while there last summer, in June, I noticed many bees working on the clover and creeping blackberries, and being an old bee-hunter I had no difficulty in locating two trees in a very short lime. I cut the trees, and from one of the colonies I secured 100 pounds of nice, clear honey, and from the other 300 pounds. All people that tasted it pro- nounced it of the finest quality. I saved the bees, as it is no trouble to do so. I would not break up their homo if I could. Now I do not suppose it would pay any man to hunt bees to start an apiary with, that was not an expert in hunting them, but I can find them as sure as one bee comes to my bait ; and what I wish to know is, must 1 save the brood, fasten it into frames, and give them new queens? I find that there is a big difference In the bees I find on the fiowers, and half, or nearly so, have more or less Italian blood, but as I am not an expert I cannot tell how much Ital- ian blood. But the woods are full of bees, and I am quite sure this is one of the best locations for bees in the State, as the honey-fliiw is continuous. First come the blackberries and huckleborrlKS (red variety) ; then the white clover and mount:ii!i pea-vino, which blooms for two months, and its bloom is always covered with bees ; and long before that is out of bloom comes the elkweed (or fireweed), which blooms till frost comes the last of October. I am sure it's a good location, and I would like to try my band in the bee-business. I can get the bees, and get them into the hives, but the ques- tion is to make them store the honey in the hive as well as they do iu the trees. I am anxious to learn. I enjoy the Bee Journal very much. Success to its editor and the paper. I am glad of the vigorous stand it takes against all frauds. Count me in to lend a hand, if needed at any time. 1 had the pleasure of being present at the Cali- fornia State Bee-Keepers' Association at Los Angeles the past winter, and enjoyed it very much. Montaville, Oreg. Answers. — When saving the bees, it is well to put in frames all the worker-brood, but it isn't necessary to give them a queen, for their own queen will do just as well in a hive as iu a tree. If the workers of a colony all have three yellow bands they are considered pure Italians. There is no reason why they should not store as much honey in a hive as in a hollow tree. One as successful as you In getting wild bees, especially with such yields of honey, ought to be able to build up an apiary in that way very profitably. ^ I ■ Faslcning Foundation in Seetions. Do you think the plan for fastening foundation in sec- tions, given on page 24:1, is any better than the Daisy fast- ener ? Irene. Answer. — I don't know of any respect in which it is any better, and can hardly s?e how any one who has given the Daisy a fair trial could possibly prefer the plan of cementing with melted wax. In the latter case the starters must be ca'efuUy laid in place and time taken to pour on the melted wax, whereas with the Daisy the foundation comes imme- diately in contact with a plate kept so hot that the edge of the foundation is at once melted, then a quick motion slides it at once against the wood, resulting in such rapid work that the other is not to be compared with it. When it comes to cutting the comb of honey out of the section, that on which the Daisy fastener has been used is as easily cut through as the natural comb. ^ — » — ^^^^— Killing Drones and Deserting. I transferred a colony of hybrids from a boxhive to a movable-frame hive. I cut out the combs and tied them in the frames, leaving out the drone-comb. They seemed very well satisfied, but in a few days they commenced killing the drones, and in about a week after transferring them they swarmed out. I hived them in another gum, and they are working nicely. I have a colony of blacks transferred, and they are staying in all right. Why did they kill the drones and swarm out? I examined the hive they were in — they had gnawed the caps off the brood. Since the last day or two all ray colonies are fighting drones. Bees have not swarmed yet, either, nor gathered any surplus, but have built up well. Denny, S. C, April 15. Answer. — The killing of drones probably had nothing to do with the swarming out. The drones were probably killed because the bees failed to find pasturage. It isn't easy to say why they left the hive. As it occurred during or just after their killing drones, it could not be a case of natural swarm- ing, but was a case of desertion, and was caused by some un- satisfactory conditions, possibly because too hot. But some- thing entirely different may have been at the bottom of the trouble. B^" This is a good time to work for new subscribers. 312 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 20. CBORGB 'W. YORK, • Editor. PUBLISBT WEEKLY BY CEORCE W. YORK & COMPANY, IIS Mtcbtgan St., - CHICAGO. ILK. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the PoBt-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Matter. yoLinVII, CHICAGO, ILL,, MAY 20, M No, 20. Editorial Con)rr)cr)i$^ What Shall the Harvest Be?— If we may judge from the reports we have received from almost every nook and corner of the continent this spring, a good honey harvest may be expected this year. In many localities the white clover has once more made its appearance as of old, which many take as a prophecy that better honey years are about to re-appear. But whatever comes, let all be prepared. If that " whatever " should prove to be a rich harvest of sweetness, then don't run the risk of missing it by being unprepared to take advantage of it. In a few short weeks now, many will be able to answer definitely the interesting question — " What shall the [honey] harvest be ?" •»-—- The St. Joseph Convention Report, whkh should have been completed in December, 1S9J: (and would have been had the Secretary done his duty), is taken up again on page .309 of this number. We will publish the balance as taken by the stenographic reporter, Mr. Louis R. Lighten. We thought best to delay giving the remainder of the report until all others were done with, this spring, so now we can go right through with what is left without any break. We supposed there was quite a good deal left, but three or four numbers will probably end it. What a pity it is that we couldn't have had it all when it should have been here, in November, 1894:, for then we could have completed it that year. But history is quite interesting reading to many, and so this closing part of the St. Jos^eph convention report may prove to be. We hope it will be so. Keeping: Qualities of Extracted Honey.— Mr. C. H. Clayton, of Los Angeles Co., Cal., the framer of the excellent anti-adulteration of honey law in that State, wrote us as follows. May 1 : Editor YoHK : — A recent issue of the California Fruit- Grower calls the attention of dealers, grocers and shippers of honey to the new law alTectlng their interests (the anti-adul- teration law which it publishes), and among other things has the following choice gem : "They cannot put uu an extracted honey which in any way is a compound, even tliiiiiijli il lie a fnel IIkU (in (ihsnlnWy pure himcy in laekimj in l.eeiiinii iituiliiics. They cannot manu- facture or sell a hoin^y which is an admixture, no matter how Innocent or desirable that admixture may be." I Italicise the part of the foregoing that deserves our attention, as It foreshadows the defense, or justification, which will be set up by the adulterators. What have you to say as to the keeping qualities of pure extracted honey ? As to the desirability of manufacturing an "admixture" — frankly I don't believe either the producer or the consumer desires it, so it remains only "desirable " to dealers, grocers, and shippers. I wish you would take up this subject of keep- ing qualities, and bring out all the real information obtain- able. It's going to be t/ic fight. Yours truly, C. II. Clayton. It will be noticed that Prof. Cook, in his article on page 307, also refers to this same subject. We think Mr. Clayton has it exactly right, when he sug- gests that the "admixture" is desired only by dealers, grocers and shippers, and for the simple reason that they have been getting a bigger profit out of handling the fraudu- lent article than out of the pure honey. The idea that a properly ripened article of "absolutely pure honey Is lacking in keeping qualities '.'' That will be news to bee-keepers. What excuses won't the dishonestly in- clined hatch up in order to create prejudice and to uphold their miserable cause ? But suppose we help out our California friends — the bee- keepers— with a little testimony along the line of the keeping qualities of extracted honey. How long has it been kept in perfect condition by the older readers of the Bee .Journal? Let's hear from a few, just on a postal card. Our opinion is that first-class extracted honey will keep indefiuitely. ^ . » New Union and the Bee Journal.— In order to help our subscribers, and also the United States Bee Keep- ers' Union at the same time, we have decided to offer a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal and a year's mem- bership dues in the New Union, both together, for $1.75. But it must be understood that in order to get this rate, all arrearages of subscriptions must be paid, and the $1.75 rate to apply on advance subscription. Now send us your orders, and we will attend to turning over the $1.00 membership fee to the New Union, on each subscription to the Bee Journal as per the above offer. This ought to add 500 members to the New Union by June 1. If it does, our contribution will be just $125. Now, if you want to see the New Union succeed in its grand work, in the interest of all the bee-keepers, come on with your cash. General Manager Secor is just aching to do his part whenever he sees sufficient funds in the treasury to pay the bills. •»-»-* Noticing- New Bee-Papers is thus very aptly referred to by Editor Holtermaun, of the Canadian Bee Jour- nal : " It is no kindness to draw attention to a paper which in nine cases out of ten is trying to occupy a field already well covered, which will give inferior service, and when, often, the unlucky subscriber gets after a few months nothing for his money." Thai's it, exactly. Why in the name of creation should any new papers in any line be encouraged by those already fully occupying that line ? We could mention several outside of bee-keepitig that would better never have been started at all, for they proved only a source of loss to their publishers. liut it seems some people have a sort of itching to get into the publishing business, and that often without the slightest adaptation to that very risky field. What, then, can be kinder on the part of every one, than to discourage all such ventures when it is known that only loss and disappointment can be the legitimate and final result? New papers in any field already fully occupied must ex- pect to have a hard road to travel, and then feel pretty well assured that success is well nigh unattainable. In view of the wreck-strewn shore of the tempestuous sea of bee-journalism, it would seem that no sane person would for an instant entertain the Idea of starting a bee-paper those days. But, then, 'tis said that the fools are never all dead. 1S97. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 313 Keeping- Insects Out of Honey.— Prof. Cook tells in Gleanings how those troubled with insects getting into comb honey might prevent it. He says : " I think that, in most cases, simply wrapping such pack- ages in paper will prevent insect attack. The thing to bo sought is to keep the odor of the honey from passing through the paper so as to attract the insects. This might make it necessary to seal the package hermetically. To do this the bee-keeper has an easy uielhod right at his hand. He has only to dip the paper in Lot melted wa.v, petting just as little wax as possible on it. Then if he wraps the section while the wax is a little warm, he will so seal the package that no odor of honey can es-cape, and so the insects will not be attracted. I should have great confidence that this would work, but of course it would have to be tried before we would warrant it. 1 should also have great faith if we used parafline instead of the beeswax." Prof. Cook says further that as California is such " a per- fect paradise for Insect life," the production of extracted honey is more suitable there than comb honey. You see, when extracted honey is once in screw-cap cans, there isn't very much danger of insects getting into it. Fouudation-lMills and Exractors.— Editor Root, in speaking of patents on comb foundation-mills and honey-extractors, said this in a recen't issue of Gleanings : A short time ago Mr. Bingham exprest himself as believ- ing there were no patents on foundation-mills. Something like a dozen, I believe, have been issued. The most important were from the following named parties: W. C. Pelham, Mrs. Frances Dunham, E. B. Weed, and last, but not least, the lamented Samuel Wagner. The latter obtained the first patent. For two years his assignee, Mr. Perrine, prevented us from making foundation-mills and foundation, there being two years more life to the patent. Something like 100 patents have been taken out on honey extractors, in the United States — at least, we have on tile in our offline that number. It seems now as if no patent that might be issued would be worth anything to the inventor. Encyclopedia for Bees-wax. — Some time ago we offered a splendid work of eight large volumes, called "The New Standard American Encyclopedia," having nearly -4,000 pages, and over fciOO colored maps, charts, and diagrams. Size of volume. 2 inches thick, S'^ wids, and W)i long. As per that offer, last publisht on page ISti, the eight volumes were offered by frtigbt for only.'jLy cash. We can furnish a set or two at that price, bound in half morroco ; or will ex- change a set for 7. J pounds of yellow beeswax, delivered at our office. You would be more than satisfied with the En- cyclopedia, and a set of such books ought to be in every family for reference. The Horse— How to Break and Handle.— This is a pamphlet of 32 pages, giving complete instructions for breaking and educating colts, teaching horses to drive, and for use under the saddle, together with many instructions which have never before been publisht, and which are the re- sult of the author's experience covering a period of 20 years. By Prof. Wui. Mullen, with whom the editor of the Bee Jour- nal is personally acquainted. Price, postpaid, 20 cents ; or given as a premium for sending us one new subscriber to the Bee Journal for tlie rest of the year at 60 cents. Xlie Combination Offer, on page 314, is excep- tionally desirable. Why not get that bee-keeping neighbor or friend of yours to let you send in his dollar for a year's sub- scription to the Bee Journal, and then you add 25 cents to it and secure for yourself the Ladies Home Companion and the book, " Samantha at Saratoga ?" Or, pay your own subscrip- tion for a year in advance and for the extra 2.") cents get the Home Companion aiid the book. We do not expect to be able to continue this liberal offer much longer, so if you want to take advantage of it, it will be well to do so now. Beeswax 'Wanted.— If you want to get cash for your beeswax //)om;<(.'j/ ship it lo the publishers of the Bee Journal. We are now pa)ii:g 25 cents per pound for good yellow beeswax delivered at our office. Address, George W. York i Co., IIS Michigan St., Chicago, III. Tl?e Weekly Budget ME88R8. Leiningeb Bros , of Putnam Co., Ohio, writing May 12, said : "The season hero is opening very encourag- ingly. We expect a large crop of honey." Mr. a. a. Anderson, of Ontario, Canada, says: " I am very much pleased with the Bee Journal. I have kept tees on a small scale for over 20 years (since I was 15 years old), and have made them quite a study." Dr. Miller says in Gleanings that It is just as much fun for him to watch the bees get to work this spring as it was 35 years ago. Strange what a lasting fascination there is about bee-keeping. It also seems to keep its devotees young in both heart and body. Hurrah for the blessed bees ! Mr. J. W. "Van Allen, of the firm of Van Alien & Williams, in Crawford Co., Wis., reported, May 7, that Mr. Williams was very sick with lung fever; also, that Mr. Van Allen's 1 2-year-old son was just recovering from a similar attack. We hope both afflicted ones may soon be fully re- stored to health again. Mr. Frank McNay, of Wisconsin, when sending his dol- lar for another year, said : " You should raise the price of the American Bee Journal soon. If you keep on improving it." Yes, you are quite right, Mr. McNay, but at present we shall try to continue to give the best we can get up for only Si. 00 a year. Two cents is surely a low price for one number of the Bee Journal. Mb. Wm. S. Barclay, of Beaver Co., Pa., wrote us May 12 that on Nov. 1. 1896, he suffered from a stroke of paraly- sis which affected his right side and particularly the right arm. We are very sorry to learn this, as Mr. Barclay is one of our oldest subscribers. We trust he may continue to re- cover from the effects of that stroke. He wisht us to make this announcement so that those whom he owes letters may know why he has failed to reply. No-w for New Subscribers for the rest of 1897 : We would like to have each of our present readers send us at least o?ie new SMbscribcr for the Bee Journal before June 1, 1S97. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay o?ify 60 cents for the rest of this year. That is about 8 months, or only 7}^ cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new 60-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list : Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 50 copies of letflet on -Why Eat Honey'/" 50 •• '• on ■' How to Keep Honey " 50 ■' " on ■' Alsil^e Clover" 6 copies "Honey as Food and Medicine" loopy each " Preparmlon of Hnnev for the Market "(10c.) and Doolittle's " Hive I U»e " (5c i 1 copy e^ch Dadants' -Handling Bees" (Soand •' Bee- Pasturage a Nece-isity " (10c. I ... Dr. Howard's book on " F )ul Urood " Kohnke's " Foul Bro d " l)oo'^ Cheshire's " Koul P.rooi " book dOc.) and Dadants - lland- ling Bees" [Sc ] Dr. Foote's Hand- Book of Health Hurai Life Bonk Our Poultry Ductor. by Fanny FelM Poultry for Market and Proflt, by Fanny Field Capons and Caponizlng Turkeys for Market and Profit Green's Four Books on Frult-G rowing Kopp Commercial Calculator No- I Silo and Sdage. by Prof. Couk Bienen-Kultur IGerraan] Kendall's Horse Book [Rnirlifh or German] 1 Pound White Clover Seird 1 ■• Sweet •■ '■ 1(4 •■ Al-ike " '• 14 •■ Alfalfa " '• 1 »4 '• Crimson " " Queen-CUppinp Device The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. •'Oc. 20c. 20c. 20c. 15j. 18c. 2.)C. 25c. 18c. 23c. •?5c. 23c. 2.10. 25C. 2.ic. ?3o. 23c. 2.-)C. 4nc. One. 25;. 2.5o. 25c. 25c. 25c. aoa. 200. We make the above offers only lo those who are now sub- scribers ; In other words, no one sending in his own 60 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. 314 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 20 /A /IS (US 4ltS ^.HS Cits «fs (US «ts (US (Us (l^ (US (US (IS (US as rr The Funniest Book of the Century "SAMANTHA AT SARATOGA; or RACIN' AFTER FASHION." By JOSIAH ALLEN'S WIFE. Illustrated with Over 60 Drawings by F. Opper, the Greatest Comic Artist in New York. Over 100,000 copies of the agents' edition in expensive binding were sold at $2.50 each. This premium edition contains 374 pages, and gives all the reading matter and all the illustrations the same as the copies which sold at $2.50 each. Over 200,000 copies of the premium edition have already been sold. THERE IS A BUSHEL OF FUN IN EVERY CHAPTER. Its Pictures are Just Killing This book was written under the inspiration of a summer season 'mid the world of fashion at Saratoga, the proudest pleasure resort of America. The book takes off Follies, Flirtations, Low»necked Dressing, Dudes, Pug-dogs, Tobogganing, and all the extremes of fashionable dissipation, in the author's inimitable and mirth-provoking style. ' I would tear a man lim' from lim' if I Bee him a trylD' to flirt with you." Children and grown-up people alike read with rap- turous delight the story of Samantha's "tower" to Saratoga, accompanied by her "wayward pardner," Josiah Allen. It is written in a vein of strong common sense, as pure and Innocent as the prattle of a child, which keeps the reader constantly enjoying an ever fresh feast of fun. t^J^t^t^<^K^*^t^t^t^W^tS^t^t^t^t2"'^ flJN Postage paid by 'i^fw us jn each case. ^>«- * • /ji Read Every Word of Above'JVIagiiillceiit Dlfer to New and Did Readers To Boom Circulation We flake the Following Liberal Clubbing Offer: AS A SPECIAL OFFER. WE WILL SEND AH 3 for SI. 25 SAMANTHA AT SARATOGA, Agents sold them for $2.50 each, but say $1.00" THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL (Weekly) One Year, Cheap at . 1.00 WOMAN'S HOME COMPANION One Vear, Equal to magazines costing 1.00 Total in Value, . . . $3.00J XOTMVt^^ — When the above offer is aeeejtfetl, tuiefi,ititti.-rt mi Address GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. NEVER WAS SO MUCH GIVEN FOR SO LITTLE MONEY. Slf Sl( SH) Vf/ SK Sl> Sf/ SK il> Vf/ M/ /> 1697. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 815 Qcr)€ral Itcr^s* Filling Supers Fast. Bees are booiuing. I have had 71 swarms from 77 colonies. I had two swarms iu March. I have takeu off some honey. Bee.s are filling supers fast. A. Bisuek. Callahan Co., Tex., May 3. Best Season in 1896. I work my bees for comb honey exclu- sively, and I get 15 cents per pound at home for all my honey. Last year was the best season tor honey I ever saw in this or any State. H. H. Buower. York Co., Nebr., May 4. Bees Wintered Well. I have about 1^0 colonies of bees. They wintered well last winter. I got from them about 4,.">00 pounds of nice honey in sections last year. William Fleming. St. Crox Co., Wis., May 5. Cold and Unfavorable Weather. Bees wintered well here the past winter, but the weather so far this spring has been very cold and unfavorable. At present it freezes quite hard nearly every night. C. MONETTE. Fillmore Co., Minn., May 1. Bee-Keepers are Happy. Spring has come at last, and the honey- plants are coming into bloom. Bees are bumming, the birds are singing, and all Nature seems to be putting on new life. The bee keepers are happy, for there is such an abundance of snow in the moun- tains for irrigation, which insures one of the best honey-flows Utah has ever seen, if we can only get warm, dry weather. E. S. LOVESY. Utah Co., Utah, April 30. Storing Honey Kapidly. My bees are storing honey very rapidly now. We have a big peach, cherry and apple bloom, and the bees are making good use of the opportunity. My bees came through the winter stronger and in better condition than I ever had them be- fore. April 24 X bad the finest Italian swarm come out I almost ever saw at any season of the year, and they are doing finely. ' J. Allen Andekson. Loudoun Co., Va., April 30. Bees Working on Willow. We have had a cold and wet spring so far with but four days that bees could work. The last week has been warm, and the bees have been busy working on willow bloom, which yields lots of honey. In 1S% my scales colony yielded IS pounds iu three day. The prospects look well for a clover crop, which has had plenty of rain. There is a lot of low land that cannot be put into corn this year, so there will be lots of buck- wheat grown nest fall. I have 51) colonies that are in good condition now. Times are bard, and so people \Yill not buy much honey. I hope for the best. Henry Co.. 111., May 1. J. F. Wihtu. Successful Wintering of Bees. I have read a great deal in bee-books and also in the •• Old Reliable " about wintering bees in cellars, about keeping them m un even temperature, free from dampness, noise, etc. Early last fall I tackt burlap on the bot- tom of the supers, filled them with chaff, nd placed on each colony. November 1:1 I Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, io 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, T>s cents per pound ; '2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6K cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Basswood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. E^~ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO. ILL Ne-w London, Wisconsin, Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by majhuiery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and -whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention tli9 Ameiicau Bee .Tourn'vl. 7Atf BEMEEPBKS We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free IlliislralccI Catalog anil Prlce-I>isl. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agf ut for Ihe Soiiihwest-^- ^- ""^^""stTjoseph. mo. mr. Abbott sells our Hives and Sections at Factory Prices. That aueen-Olipping Device Free ! CouIduH Do Wltboiit It. I have clipped 13 queens, and mu?t say the Monette Queen-Clipping iJevlce Is by far the best inveutiuQ ever made, arxl will be wel- come to tmnj" hee-keepiTS as It was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. WorkH Like a Cbarm. The Monette Queen Clipping Device WORKS t-iKE A CHARM. With it 1 have clipped 30 queens, all iu one day, when examlDing my bees. W.M. SToi-r-sr, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESEXT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us )nM one new iinme for the American Bee Journal a year (with *I.OO), and we will mail vou the Queen-ClippinK Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above oCfer t You cant earn M cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 316 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 20 WOVEN .wJM.FENCEi I'k'li. Hull hlrv ANu Sci'EHS espe- cially. All other Ree t?uiipliee accordinfrly. Send for Catalojr aud Price-Li;it. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Alf Box 187. Siikboyoan, Wis. 4-^B'i-^^-^'l'^^ k Aa Iiouent, efflcleDt .. Yellowzones • r?m.|niple in eonetruciion. oablly operated either hy hand or steam power, and price within reach of any supply dealer. Cor- respondencH solicited, i-ainide sent on receipt of order and poatagiv Paieiit allowed March 18. 1807. TH08. EVANS. Lansing, Iowa. put them into the cellar, and April 3 I put them on the sutumer stands. My cellar is very warm, as there is a furnace in it. Altho the bee cellar is separate, it has a furnace flue running through it. and the temperature at times went up to tlO degrees. Fahr.. and at other times it was below freezing. It was very damp, water run- ning through it most of the time. There was a great deal of noise, as in tending the furnace, and also in the rooms above, such as piano playing, singing, etc.. and yet out of 21 colonies but one whs lost. I put just enough straw against the win- dow-screen to darken the cellar, and near the floor I hail an opening into a heated chimney flue, which gave excellent ventila- tion. Had it not been for this perfect ven- tilation I think they would not have come out so well. I do not see how any bee-keeper can get along without the American Bee Journal which comes, running over with bee-infor- mation, so regularly every week. Long may it live to fight the adulteration of honey, and frauds! R. Rodenberoer. Waukesha Co., Wis., April 29. How to Clean Kerosene Cans. M. H. Mendleson. on page 731 (1896) says it cannot be done: but it can. Take the cap off aud put the can into the stove oven, and heat moderately, being careful not to beat so hot as to open the joints. Leave it in the oven till the odor has all disappeared. All the refined mineral oils are very volatile, and very little beat will evaporate them. The cans may be cleaned of other impuri- ties, but more heat may be required. I. W. Beckwith. An Experience with Bees. I started in the bee-business in 1895 with one colony of hybrids, increast to three, and got nbout 75 pounds of comb honey. 1 wintered them in the cellar without loss. Last season I increast to 10 colonies, and got a surplus of 500 pounds of comb honey, Italianizing part of the colonies. 1 lost one in wintering, so I have nine to begin with this season. I am intending to Italianize all my bees this year. Last year was good for the bees here, but this spring it is very rainy and cold. I took the bees out April "2.S, and they went right to work gathering pollen, but they have not workt any since. I use the Langstroth hive with 8 Hoffman frames. This year I am making all my hives 10 frames for ex- tracting. So far i have had splendid suc- cess with the bees. Fued B. Cavanaugh. Missaukee Co., Mich., May 3. Wintering Bees in New Hampshire. Located on the cold hills of central west- ern New Hampshire ns I am. I thought pos- sibly that a brief account of my method of preparation of bees for winter and the re- sult might afford a lesson of instructiou to some one. Near the last of September, or about the time the combs are cleared of brood, I ex- amine every colony I intend to winter, carefully estimating" the amount of honey. I unite my surplus colonies with those de- signed for wintering. Last fall I reduced 44 colonies to 25 by uniting, saving my best queens. Then if the honey in any hive is less than 2.") pouuils. I feed sugar syrup till they have from 25 to 30 pounds. This gives them ample stores and a good hive full of bees. I think the heat generated by a hive full of bees is a factor in safe wintering. I never have occasion to feed in the spring. I winter my bees ott the summer statids. Over thjse colonies that are not in clialV hives I place an outer case, packing the space between the hive and outer case with planer shavings. Over the frames 1 place a porous cushion. I) to 10 inches thick. I have discarded sealeil covers. I leave the entrances open, shaded by a board leaning against the hive. I retnove Mm y o; .i^-. V?5 1^1 EN a and one which will surport you when the fell hand of disease is upon you, and which will bring you back to perfect health and strength, putting a i ring in your voice, a sparkle in your eye and a spring in your walk is that world en=- dorsed remedy . — ^ rsvs It never fails in all those dis- eases brought about by dis- ordered Kidneys and Liver and is a positive cure for BRIGHT'S DISEASE URINARY TROUBLES ^FEMALE COMPLAINTS GENERAL DEBILITY AND MALARIA. Try a bottle and you will add your testimony to the thous- ands already cured by it. Beware of substitutes. There is nothing "just as good" as Warner's Safe Cure. «a^ FINE SECTIONS ! We have the finest I^iiinber to be liad for One-Piece Sections, all Second Growth and While as Snow. We have all the ii|>-to-clale iiiacliliiery, and are inapo-lli n to tilt your order promptly and satisfactorily. Write for Price-Llst and Sample Section free. Yours &c , WAUZEKA SECTIO.X CO., Apr. 23, '97. Wauzek*. Crawford Co , Wis. ITAtt ilenlion the American Uee Jcuma^. Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! Bin' YOUR Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Fa^'tory. Guaranteed equal to the best goods on the market. Send lor Pi-ire-L.li«l. Rawson & Earner, Centralia, Wash. 10A131 Mention the Am. lUe Journal. California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers (Jlimate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy ol California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper ol the PaclBc Coist. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RIRAL, PRESS, 220 Market St., - SAN FRANCISCO. OAL. 1697. rHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 317 GOOD ilVIPROVEMENT b.-pins with good fencing. The Keystone Fence will Inoreaso the value of your farm. No damage to crops from stock depredation. No loss of crops from smothering under snow drifts. Can't blow down. Can't burn up. All about it in our vukk book on fence building. KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., No. 3 rxush Strfi't, Peoria, III. From Pure B P. lincks. Bla. k Minorcas. I.l»rht. Bralimns-*l.-'n per McUiijr. Albii. will slulT and uinuni Blrile ftTid Animals to order: pi ice. lor suiall birds and animals (iOe and upward. PIhiiIh lor fate clieap-Ked and Blatk Raspberry, and Sirawberrj . Hilts. L. C A.\TEl.l., KoSEViLi.K, Warien Co., Tll. t?.^! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello-w Beesvpax delivered to our ofBce till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASU ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILI.. QUEENS Smokers. Sections , Comb Foundation, And nil AplalrUD Suppliei ehfap. Send for VHKE Btalogoe. E. T. FLA.NAUAN, Believllle. III. i:iA l.'it Plt'iise ment'ou tbe Bt'e Journal. 50 I'oloiiits Bees f(tr Sale Cheap. 2>rranie Kiicleuv, ivllli Queen, oiil)' ^2. B. P. Hocks, White lephoius, B. L,r(rt")rn=, Black Minorca. Bbtf Toihln, Pait. Cochin. L. Krahma, S. s. Ma uburg-E^gs trom all tbebe, lo forli.OO. Also. Berkshire Pig's for sale Wri:e for wbal you waul. Stock all icg:lsiered pedigree. IN. 11. SItlllH, Lock K.ix «, 18 A4t TlLDUUV, Unt., C.\N«I)A. _->7 ^ LJ~T • r~n 1 — . .— . '— 1 p-, f-. '-flt ~ - _> — -■ — ~ — m- ■ ' — Bt , _ — Br ;=3 =3 ' — ^^ =:: ;=:: =; :r:; g^ *.; tS; ^ bii S^ -il>S4 za K sS ^ ^"S? Confidence Restored. Not l";iy:f riiiLii. n..- ih;ii wa-- !■■ v< i Insl Pales lncre;i.sfd ev.-i> \tai l hrouuh I In* iaic ■ uispro -per- OusiR'ss." N< w <<'ii ( s :, p»-r-c» nt incre:isf iir the nuinthof April. 'I'his shuns that people like the CoiU'd Mitrini; and like ro hiiy it of the o\4-nci*. rarher than I huse who attempt lu appropriate it without leave <^)r lieeiise. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.. Adrian, Mich For Sale, Bees & Queens Bees by the Pouud. tl.OO. Queens -$1 00. Nuclei, *2 frame, wiih Queen. $.'..^0; l-frnme. t2.00. Also. Barred A: Wlilie Hlymoiilli Kot'kN, and Mlver-Laced Wyaiidotlen Eggs at $1.00 per sitting of l.i. Address, Mrs. A. A. SI9IPSOBi, 1CA13 SWARIS. CJUEE.NE Co., Pa. Mciitton Vie ^liiiencan Bcc JoumaL the board whenever the mercury reaches .5.5 degrees. In the last days of April I examined every colony and did what I could to aid the bees in 'house-cleaning." I found 24 of the 25 colonies with plenty of bees and abundant stores, so they have not got to live •• from hand to mouth." I saw either a queen or capt brood in every hive. The cause of my losing the one colony was this: In uniting two colonies last fall I killed one queeu. and the next day I found a dead igueen at the entrance. I markt the colony, •queen doubtful." My doubts materialized. It was found queen- less this spring. It is the first queen I ever lost by uniting, and the first colony I have lost in the last si.x winters. I enjoy very much the regular weekly visits of the American Bee journal, and I find its pages very iielpful and instructive. 1 am indebted to it for many pr,ulknl ideas. The " New Wood Binder." for holding a year's numbers of tbe American Bee Jour- nal, is a daisy. 1 find it very convenient. J. P. S.VITH. Sullivan Co., N. H., May 10. Good Prospects for Honey. My bees came out in better condition this spring and with less loss than for several years past. Out of 30 colonies I only lost one. All six that I wintered in tbe cellar came out in fine condition. Ttie rest were wintered on the summer stands, covered and packt with straw, and left open on the south. They are now in the midst of a beautiful crop of fruit and dandelion bloom, from which they are storing honey very fast. The next will be tbe white clover, for which there is now a good pros- pect. J. S. Sleeth. Livingston Co . 111., May 2. Moth-Bails in Hives, Etc. In the American Bee Journal of recent date some one asks •• if the mothballs hurt the bees "—a question suggested, I pre- sume, by what I wrote a few weeks ago. In answer I will say that the bees rolled the ball to the entrance, and there it remained until small enough to be pusht out. 1 think that the bees didn't take kindly to it, but I could not see that it hurt them. I put large balls in three of my hives about March 1, and they are strong colo- nies now. so I am confident that the bees were not hurt. If I had only known in time how to have handled my bees 1 should have had "worlds of honey " this spring, but being a novice in the business. 1 have lost much. 'Tis said that experience is a dear teacher, but I hope to be able to overcome my ignorance lay another j ear, and have a balance to my credit in the liank I think I have one of the finest places for bees — there is such an abundance, as well as variety, of bee pasturage. At present the famous horsemint is blooming, corn is beginning to tassel, soon the cotton will bloom, besides an occasional shower keeps many shrubs blooming during the summer and fall. Bees began to swarm the first of March, and have been booming ever since. (MUS.) M. M. DUNNEGAK. San Patricio Co., Tex., April •i~. Poor Season in 1896. liast year wa* a poor one in this county for honey-gathering, on account of the long drouth in tbe fall of 1SU5. which killed most of the clovers and other honey-yielding plants of our section of the country. My bees did not gather one pound of white honey last year— what I call salable honey. I took from them a few pounds of brown honey to make some cough syrup — I sup- pose about 1.5 pounds — and that was the whole crop for tliat year. It was the poor- est year I ever had for the bees, and 1 have a long row of well-painted hives, and a good bouse over them, open on the south t )r la Exchange for FoundatloQ — Sectious — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working \Va.\ T. ^^ A Specialty. t^^ Write for Catalog and Price-Llst. with SLimples of Fouudatlon and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AlIlill^TA, WIS. SIIOKEIIS and FOUIATM We do not catalog theQulabyor Hill Smo- kers this year, but there raa> be some who prefer the^H Sly les. We still have a few. an.| oITer them at these special prices to close out: The Quinby— 'Much barrel, single-blast, 3,5c.; postpaid, .50c. 2>4-luch, doubie blast, 60c.: postpaid. Too. The Hill— 3-iQch barrel. 40c.; postpaid, 60c. Vaiilleusen Thin Flat-llottom Fdn. In 25 pound boxes, at only $10.50 per box. while it lasts. Address, THE A. I. ROOT CO., 118 Michigan St. - Chicago, It-L. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION co'^i;,'^^*^""' Can do the work of four men using baud tools, in Ripping, Cuttlng-oCf, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadolna. Edging-up. Jointing Sturt. etc. Full LiUBOf Foot and Hand Power Machiner;. Sold on Trial. CaUloirue Free. !«E:Mi<'A FALIiS .'*IFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. V. lAly 'Wcntio. th^AmtrirnnBeeJov.maL A GENUINE Egg Preservative Tbat will keep Hen's E^i?s perfectly tlirous-h warm wcaihc". just as pood a3 fresh ones for cooking- and I'rostlDg-. One man paid 10 cents a doz-'ii for the epg-s he preserved, and then later sold them for 'Zh cents a dozen. You cau preserve them lor about 1 cent i>er dozen. Now is the time lo do It, while egrgs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A, B. m.lSON, 3.">12 Monroe Street, - Toledo. Ohio. etnru iUafl. Italian Queens ^^ " - flntested, 50c.; Tested, II. 00. Nuclei. 'J Irame. $2.00, including a good Queen. Bees by ti.e Pound. K. L. (MKKIf\<;iOi>, 5A17t I>e Fuiilak Nprliiss, Fla. Golden | Texas Queens ! Anel I'r- Gallup says they are the best be III ■ A ''"^ '° '"'* yard. AinillO I J. u. OIVSNS, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the Bee Journal. 9A-'6t. OiinF.KS filled by relurn mail or freisriit f.ir A. T. Root Co 's Supplie.s. Ourchoice strain Italian Queens; 1, 2& ;i fr. nuclei if in a hurrv lor Supplies, send us vour orders. .'JO-paye Catnia"- free. Jno. .\ebel A: Son, Hi^h Hill, Mo. Mention the Attierican Bee Journal, 4Atf BEE - KEEPERS, PRICES CUT On FOUNDATION CO.MB to introduce Forrest i\ew Method of Sheeting Wax by Automatic Machinery. Write for descriptive Circular Price-List and Samples. N. B. FOKHEKT, loAtt Adburn, N, Y. 3i8 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, May 20, BEES & NUCLEI. We can supp y Good Full ColODiea of Ital- ian Bees In 8-l'rnine Lanirstro h ■ ivfs. and y-lrame Nuclei. Tbey are in I,ee Co.. Illinois, 100 miles from Chieag-o. If you wish to tmy. write us at once, as to what and how many you want, and we will quote you price. GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. ___^ - CHICAGO, ]LL.S. SEE THAT WINK ! ifrp . Siipp]ief!> I Root's Goods at Hoot's Prices. Poader'8 Honey - Jars, Hnd every thing- need by hee-keepers. Prompt, ser- vice, low fre'ght r^te. Cat. tree. Walter S Ponder, yi\\i\\\ HONEY-EXTRACTOR illUUi 13 Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalojr. "Practical Hints" will he mailed for 10c. In stamps. Apply to— Chas. T. Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mention the American Bee, Journal. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comh Foundation, and EvcrylUliig used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee- Keeper in Amer- ' lea. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. "W. H. PCTNAHI. KivEU Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. VVMEN Answering this AovERTtsEMENT, Mention this journal mr IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., forhiB Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. PATENT WIRED C019B FODHDATIOH Has No Sag in Brood-Frame* Ttiin Flat-Rottom FoundatioD Bas 5o FishboDo iq the Sarplos Honey. BelD^ tbe cleanest 1b naaally workeri the qaickest of any Foandatlon made J. A. VAN DEUSEN. Sole Mannfaotarer, Bpront Brook Mnnttromery Oo.. N T. For Sale, Choice Italian Bees. Full Colonies at J.'J.OO ; Nuclei, $1 per Frame. — Qiieeiit) in Their SeaMo.i.— Also a Full Stock of the B. Taylor Handy "^"^ ""^^.rp^pTiEs. Send for Catalog, to— F. A. CRD WELL, Granger, Minn. 17A4t Fleasc mention tbe Itoe Journal. Mention the American Bee Jtmrnal Steel Wheels Staggered Oval Spokes. BUY A SET TO FIT YOUR NEW OR OLD WACO") \ / CHEAPEST AND BEST \\ /^' V :i\ ti> K't 11 li'W uaj^fin. Any kIzo X^jm 'lire 1, Hiiy wi.llh llri'. Catiil. nii:ic. ^ELECTRIC WHEEl CO., Quincy, III. Menlion the American Bee JuumaJ. 20Ei:! side; and also a well set and well trimmed thoru hedge at the back of them, so tbey are well jirotectert from cold and heat, and they alway.s receive the best of care. But they won't gather honey for me w hen there are no honey-yielding plants, such as was the case last year. They cost me many dollars to get them through the winter, but I hope to get it all back this season, and more besides, for all is fair for a good honey crop this summer, provided the weather is suitable, so that bees can work. Our pears, cherries, and other small fruits are now in full bloom. Elistia Cakev Bucks Co., Pa., May 2. Too Cold for the Bees. This weather the bees have to remain at home while the apple trees are just a few feet above their heads in full bloom, and have to content themselves with their mother by singing ■■ Gentle Annie '' in her ear. and telling her there are better days dawning: while what few drones have made their appearance are " trembling in their boots," as the honey grows less. They know it's good by ■' sweet home " when the bees say to them. ■• Self-preservation is the first law of our hive." It puts me in mind of a lot of women cleaning hou.se. Some have a drone by the ear, leading him to the door; others leading him out under the whip; some drones are at the entrance on the wing, singing ■• Boom-de-ay;'' some are piled up outside of tbe hive on their knees, praying for a honey-flow. Oh, by the way. the bee-man is, too. and if the honey comes the bees will come to the door and say, " Now, old paps, we were ,iust joking when we Ured you. Come in Bill, Jake, John, Sam and Ike; but if honey gets scarce again, yon will have to pack your grips and start for Frazier river, or go to India to see yonr big relatives, the Apis dorsata." Geo. Poiniie.xter. DeWittCo., 111., May 1. Experience in Wintering Bees. I had an experience in wintering the bees in one of my yards that was somewhat of a surprise. Late last fall I had to rebuild my bee-cellar at this yard. It bad been made of slabs and dirt, but I rebuilt it with a stone wall; it being so late the wall did not dry out, the cellar was so damp I feared heavy loss among the IK colonies it con- tained. About the middle of winter I bad a load of dry oats straw and chaff scattered on tbe cellar bottom and over the hives. The temperature was kept at about 40 de- grees ; toward spring, after very wet weather, water was found standing S or 10 inches deep in the cellar — the hives had been placed 14 inches from the floor, so no water got in them. The water stood thus in the cellar for over two months before those bees were taken out, whichwas the middle of April, and they came out in good con- dition, with very small percentage of loss, and nearly all strong. So much for good luck. Harry Laturop. Green Co., Wis., May 1. A Tensessee Rejoinder. Mr. Wm. Webb said, on page 204, that it was a very good thing that one man did not know it all. Yes. he is just right, for if he had known what the word "system " means he would not have written as" he did. Webster's dictionary says: "System— con- nected assemblage of parts or things, regu- lar order or method. Systemize, to reduce to a system, or regular method ; to method- ize." There are 4'3 bee-keepers in my settle- ment, and only two men are keeping bees in movable-frame hives. Mr. VV. said he was not able to say how many practical bee-men there are along the Smoky moun- tains. I have been on both sides of his home, through l.i counties, east and west directions, and there are at least 20 keeping bees in logs and plank guras to one in mov- able-frame hives. So it can readily be seen that a regular method is the system. My article on Smoky mountain bee-keep- ing does not insinuate that there is not a practical bee-keeper in or along the Smok- ies. There are several, and in the wealthy parts of the State there are a great many practical bee-men. Bees are in fine condition here. If the boney-flow comes all right, they will "get there " all the same. G. W. Wilcox. Blount Co. Tenn., May 2. A Hook Recoiiiiiiciided by Dr. Gallup. THENEWMETHOD In Health and Rlsease. By W. E Forest, M. D., 12th Edition, Re- vised, Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home Phtsiclvn, and as A di.iidt' Jo ll«-allli. It makes the way from %V«-akne.s<>ick. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving tbe need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not a driijs^ ti-ealnienl. All 4'laroiii<- ■>i!>esiNos are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the " .Vt'w .l/rf//o(/.s- " given here; even those who have been pronounced 4'on- »>iin.l>lirc have been entirely cured. While for RiK'i.iiialiNiii. liKlig-os- lion. I>.»>i>e|>.>.ia. <'on<«li|>allon, l»j wenlsiry, Uver and Kidney 'I'roi.ltivN, 4^'atari-li. Cinacia- tion. 4»enei-:il l>cl»iiity, IXerv- Otis ICxliai..«lion, Diseases Pe- oiiliar to Women, etc.. the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Ciiuarantee. So confident are the publishers of the results, that tbey offer to refund the money to any one who will try " New Methods" thoroughly, it the book is re- turned in good condition. Xlie I\eM Edition is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht. and others made ex- pressly for this work ; contains 3U0 pages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though the priceiof the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was $2. .50, we sell this at -$1,00, postpaid. pri:.iiii:m oi'i'i':ies«. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail you the book free as a premium, or we will mail it tor sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEORGr, W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. UNG DISEASES. .11 years' experience. If your case is -sufficientlyserioustorequireexpert medi- Ical treatment, address I Dr. Peiro, lot) State St., Chicago. pec I^CCDCD? ? bet me seud you mv 64- DLL~M.CrLno I page Catalog for 18!l7. J. in. JenkiiiN, Wetunipka, Ala. Mention tlte A.merican Bee Jawmal. 189'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 319 HONEY and BEESWAX MAIEKKX <)i;OXAXIO.^'S. Cliicaffo, HI., May 6.— There is very little honey comlnjr to the nmrket. and fine lots of white eoml) l)rinya \'M\. Yet only a little Ib taken by the dealers, the season for it being overTiith the eoinin^of straieberrlee. which are now plentiful. Extracted brings about late f|uotallon=. with beeswax in active de- mand at 27@-So. for best grades. San Prancisco, Calif., May 6. — White comb. !i-IOc.; .imber, S-7c. Extracted, white, 5>4c. ; light amber, :i!4-4c.; dark lule, 2aic. Beeswax, fair to choice, 2.5-'J7c. New York, N. Y.,Maj- 8.— Market quiet at present iit uncluitjged prices. Old crop well cleaned ni). Will have new crop within the next week, both comb and extracted, from the south. We expect a fairly good summer trade at fair prices. Beeswax is weak at '26c. Detroit, Mich,,M8yl.—Frtncy white comb, ll®l-c.; No. 1. loailc.: fancy amber. n@ 10c.; No. 1. 8@'.ic.: dark, T@Sc. Extra ned. white. .^(Sfic. : amber, 4@5c ; d'^rk, -ic. Bees- wax, 2.n@26c. Demand is slow for honey, and plenty in commission house. Kansas City, Mo., May 14.— No. 1 white, 12@i:'c.; r.incv umber. n@12c.; No. 1,10® lie; fancy dark, ii®10c.; No. 1, T@8c. Ex- tracted, white. 4!4a3c : amber, 4@4!4c.; dark, a^@4c. Beeswax, 25c. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 7. — Demand is slo* for all kinds of honey. Comb honev, ii@l4c. for fair to choice white; extracted, 3Vic. —prime flnds ready sale at 23i4c. Albany, N. T., May 1, — Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1. 11-12C.; fancy amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark. 7-8c ; No. 1. 6-7c. Extracted, white. .5-6c.; dark. 3!4-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., May 1. — Fancy white. 14-loc.: No. 1 white, 12-13c. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beeswax, 22-25c. Demand Is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Bn£ralo, N. Y, May 7.— Strictly fancy comb. 1-pound, mostly 10 and lie. tod.ay. De- mand Is only fair at present. Other grades range from 3@9c. Extracted, 4@.5c. Boston, Mass., May 1.— Fancy white, 13- 14c.; No. 1. ll-12e. Extracted, white. 6-7c. ; amber. 3-6c. Beeswax, 2.5c. Cleveland, Ohio, Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 14^4@15c.: No. I white. 12K@13c. Extracted, white. 6a7c.; amber. 4V4@5S4c. Beeswax, 22 ®25c. There Is not very much honey in our mar- ket. Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little lietter. Think trade will be fair in this line this fall. AP A ""•»■' "■■ D O 1^ ■ * m rym mar nol D> V^. W\.m OUR APAry is non - partisan and deals in strictly first class Italian Queeris- Tested 00c Untested. 65c. 1-fr. Nuc.eus. 05c. : 2 fr $1 10 —discount on quantities. MO office. Sparta Tenn. COOFEK & GILLfcTT, !'■*■** QlEBECK, TENN. Mention the AmerUxm Bee JovAmeO, List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Cbicaxo, lUa. K. A. B0BNKTT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoklken. KansaR CItr, Iflo. O. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. BuauIo,N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, III*. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Pliiladolphta, Fa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Oblo. Williams Bros,, 80 & 82 Broadway. St. IionU, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St IfliuneapollR, ITlinn. S. H. Hall & Co. miivankee, Wis. A, V. Bishop & Co. Bo«ton, mass. E. E. Blake & Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicli. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. ludlauapolls, Ind. Walter S. Pohdeh, 162 Mass i chusclts Ave Albany, N.Y. Chas. McCuLLOCn Sc Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. f, M OTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Cent ral A vs. Question;) 'Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Wliat About llie New Drawn Foundation for Section Honey ! Query 49.— Is it advisable to use in sec- tions foundation with side-walls H, or \ inch high ?— Ml). Wm. McEvoy — No. Jas. A. Stone — No. R. L. Taylor— Query, E. France— I think so. J. A. Green — I think not. P. H. El wood — Yes, if not to heavy and costly. W. G. Larrabee— If it does not make more " fishbone," yes. A. F. Brown — I could not say, having had DO experience with it. Prof. A. J. Cook — I have not tried it, but I see no objection if the bees thin it down. Dr. C. C. Miller — Certainly, if you can have it about the same weight as natural comb, and it doesn't cost too much. Emerson T. Abbott— Ask the fellow who has time to " split hairs." I have been too busy getting a living to find out. C. H. Dibbern— Yes, if the honey thus produced Is just as nice as if very thin foundation had been used. Try it, and report. J. E. Pond— The matter of high side- walls Is of recent orign, comparatively. If they can be made leaving the septum very thin, I can see no reason why their use will not be advantageous. The only trouble that I have heard of as yet In the use of foundation in sections i:?, that it cannot be prest thin enough to com- pare with honey whore thecotnb Is made entirely by the bees. Rev. M. Mahin — I have never used such foundation, nor seen it. I doubt the propriety of using such foundation in sections. Dr. J. P. II. Brown — I have no ex- perience with J<-inoh side-wall founda- tion. It might prove very satisfactory. But until I know this, I will use and be satisfied with foundation of less preten- tious side-walls. Mrs. L. Ilajrisou — We sell our honey in a home market, and use only small starters of foundation in the sections at the top. Our honey has the reputation of tender comb, and we will not risk in- juring it by its use in the way mentioned. G. W. Daraarae — It will require care- ful experimenting along this line before your question is answered in a practical way. I do not think it " advisable " to use anything but very thin starters till a thorough test is made as to the practi- cability of using deep-cell starters. G. M. Doolittle— Why not, if it is ad- visable to use any kind of foundation ? There has not been a word said against foundation with side-walls from 3/16 to ^ inch high, but what would apply with equal force to any of the founda- tion now before the public, or that of the past. Eugene Secor— That will have to ba answered by experiment. If foundation with side-walls % inch high can be manufactured weighing no more per square foot than the thin foundation now in use, and if it can be sold at about the same price, I think it will he found of practical value. Dr. A. B. Mason — It is not the hight of the side-walls that is to be considered, but the thickness, and It is possible that if the side-walls are made as thin by toachinery as the bees make them, that it would not be advisable to use it ; but the matter can only be settled by trying such foundation. Best oil Earth ! 19 Years a Complaint. PltlCES OF Bingham Perfect Bee Smokers and HoHey-Knives. Per Doz. By Mall. Smoke Engine. 4-in. stove 113 00 each, $1.50 LLar^ebt smoker made.] Doctor .iii in. stove 9 00 " 1.10 Conqueror .'J " •' 6. .50 " 1.00 Large 2>4 " 5 00 •• .90 Plain 2 ■• •' 4.75 •' .70 LlitleWonder 2 "Lwt.lO oz] 4.50 '• .80 HoneyKnll'o 6.00 " .80 For further description, send for Circulars. T. F. BINGHAin, Farwell, MIcb. ^Xir'Xixn Vie A.merlcan Bee Joumafn Oue Cent HI. H. HU.NT. ftkit-n AMSWERIwa THIS AOVCRTISEyENT. U£NTl(V1 TW5 Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Koot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. Bell Brancb. jTllrli. 320 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 20, 1897. H H^ H H A Copy of L D L L Successful Bee-Keeping, r n I ■ by W. Z Hutchlnsou ; I 1 1 k !■ and our 1807 Catalo).'. for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of ibe Catalog: for the Atikln!;. We make almost Everyiliing used by Bee-Keeper», and at IiOivo»i Prices. Our Falcon Polislit Sections are warranted Superior to All Otiiers. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goodp. when you can have ilie best— siicU as we make. Tlie American Bee ■ Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. bA.MPLE Free— Addhess, TBEViT.FALCOimMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the t'alrs, and pnya Prtmiums to purchasers of 50 hives, $"iO for the best lOn I)anz. sections " 25 ■' as •• 50 '• 20 " 20 •• 40 •• 10 '■ 10 ■• 20 " 5 •• 5 •• 10 y^~ Further particulars regarding the pre- mlums, also special cauilog ol' the Danzen- baker Hive and Sjbttm, furultht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Oliio. rare Tlic A. I. Koot Coinpau}'. DESCRIPTION aud PRICE-LIST of the Ami AloHt I'nptilar Free WW Honey ■ Extractor on tbe marfcet. Will save its cost In Time and and Combs in one seiison. Addrtss, Van Allen & Williams, Bariiuui, Wis. 8Etf nf'ttfinn f.h£. American Bee Jtmrno: I ARISE 'I'(j SAY to the reatlors I of tbe BEE JOURNAL thai UOOLITTLE bBB concluded to iell -BKBS and yUKBNS- In their seasi>n. durinn i8tl7, at thefollowlnB priceb ; One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frameB, in IlKhtsliippinK-box $(i(>ci 25 (K) 45 (X) 1 IM) 5 r>o lOiiO »l .VJ 3 5r| Five Colonies. Ten Colonies.. 1 untested queen. 6 " queens 12 1 tested Queen... 3 " Queens . 1 selecttestedqueen 2 u 3 " '* Queens 4 oti Belecltej*ied queen, previous season's rearing 4 nu Ultra Selected for breedlnK. tbe vkky bkst sou About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nucleus with any Queen. |2.i«i extra. tW Circular free. KlTlnii full partloniars reaar - Ins tbe Bees and eacb class of Queens. AddrefS 6. M. DOOLITTLE, 11A-!5I lidKDDINO, Onnn. On.. N. V. Ilfi MONEY IN POULTRY lOAiat Bl Eggs of 1 9t PRIZE WINNERS 81.00 PER SETTING to the readers or this paper only If ymi order now, of 30le;L(llnK v.uietii'S. Scnil I.'le fiirthelurKCBl uii.l inewt i^i.niiilMt., I'nviilry (luideovBr JOHN BAUSCHER, Jr. pubii»hed. lioi in, Freeport, Ills, ftf'.rillon the American Bee JuumaL '''^ Dadanf s Foundation S Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IPJ 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging^, No Loss. Patent 'Weed Process of Sfaeeting-. Send ^aine for Our Catalog', i^aniples ot Foundalion and Veil Material. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Rinds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. 41 eMowiO'^e 41 eMowio:^! t r^-^T -I Our business is raaking Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cauuot be belter. We have made the fol- lowing prices : l\'o. 1 Snow-Wliilc. No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 lUOO for a.OO 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Prire-L.i!>l of Sections, rouiidHtioii§, Veilit, jSiiiokers, Zinc, Etc., Scut on application. cA:iot MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3U00 for i>y ^'Vee. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 27, 1897. No. 21. A Defense of the "Detestable" Bee-Space. BY W. Z. HUTCHIKSON. In the American Bee Journal /or April 29, I find an arti- cle in which the writer severely and unjustly condemns the bee-space that has so nearly universally come into use. The great objection brought agalust the!-e spaces by this writer, who signs himself " Commou-Sense Bee-Keeping," is that they allow the escape of heat. If the heat rises and escapes from between two combs, pray where does it escape to .?■ Into the adjoining spaces, of course — where else can it go? If the heat from one space escapes into the adjoining spaces, and that from the adjoining spaces escapes into the first-mentioned space, where does the loss come in ? The illustration about the heat escaping from a hen's nest, if there were a lot of boles iu its bottom, is not a parallel case, as in that case the heat escapes iuto the open air and is lost, while In the bee- hive the heat is slill In the liive. Iknow that our "common-sense" friend says that the heat escapes over iuto the farther corners of the hive away from the bees, and that it there "condenses and wastes." I am at a loss to know what he means by its "condensing." I know that steam can be condenst into water, or that we can condense the rays of the sun by passing them through a lens, etc., but I fail to understand how heat can be "con- denst" if it escapes into the corner of a bee-hive. When the weather is cold, or even cool, a colony of bees contracts, the outer part being especially compact, thus form- ing a sort of covering, or natural hive, as Cheshire calls it, and Inside this crust of bees the temperature may be, and often is, raised to over 90, while the outside is below the freezing point. If we could make a hive that was exactly the size and shape of a contracted cluster or colony of bees, and thus have the bees completely fill It, there would be no need of this crust or natural hive of bees; but this would be well- nigh impossible, as the clusters would vary so in size. When a colony is compactly clustered — when its outside is thus cov- ered with this crust or living hive — some heat is, of course, radiated from the cluster. This rises until it strikes the ceil- ing of the hive, or whatever is over the cluster ; but, as I have already askt, what difference does it make whether the heat between any two combs rises by itself and then spreads out until it reaches the outside wall of the hive, or if the heat from all of the spaces joins in a body and spreads out until it reaches the walls of the hive? It is possible that there is a difference, but I fail to see it. But let us suppose, for argument's sake, that there is a difference — it would be better to cover the brood-nest in winter and spring with a sheet of enameled cloth, and a chaff cush- ion over that, and even go to the trouble of inverting each Square vs. Oblong Sections. — See page 3'J9. hive at the beginning of winter and pushing a thin board or cushion up at the ends of open-end frames so as to make them close-fitting ; it would be infinitely better to go to all of this trouble than to attempt to handle bees all through the work- ing season with no bee-spaces. How any one who has had 322 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 27, practical experience with bees could think of such a thinp; as putting the sections right down on the tops of the brood- frames, and one tier of sections down upon another, is beyond ray comprehension. There is certainly no call for it on the score of retaining the heat, as there is heat enough and to spare during the honey harvest. Take off the cover to a bee-hive. Look down upon the top-bars of the frames. See how they are covered with bees. Now think of setting a case of sections right down on those bees and crushing them ! Suppose, further, that the section- case has been on the hive, and is occupied with bees, and the bottoms of the sections are covered with bees. These, too, will be crusht when the case is set down. Of course, these bees can be driven back somewhat with smoke, but by the time that the smoker is set down and the section-case pickt up and ready to be put in place, a goodly share of the bees are back again on the outside. The fewest bees will be killed by sliding the case on instead of setting it down, but even then many bees will be caught by the heads, legs, etc., and mangled to death. But this is not all ; wherever these sections or frames come in contact, there will be a deposit of propolis, daublug up everything and sticking them together, and, unless wide frames are used, there will be a big job of cleaning the propo- lis off the sections when crating for the market. With a bee- space all this is avoided. I know that once or twice before some one has advocated "continuous combs and continuous passage-ways," but such advocacy has always been short-lived. A bee-space is well-nigh a necessity in modern bee-culture, even if it did possess some drawbacks, which I have failed to find in all of my bee-keeping. Genesee Co., Mich. Some Things Learned Last Season. BY L. M. WILLIS. I notice on page 232 an invitation to a sort of "experi- ence meeting," and as I always like to " speak in meeting," I shall accept the invitation, but would like to suggest, as an amendment, that we do not all wait till the end of the season. What some of us learned In 189p may be the very thing that somebody wants to know to help him through this season. I opened the season of 1896 with 31 colonies in S-frame hives, increast to 63, and took off about 2,500 pounds of honey, 1,800 of which was inone-poundsections ; the balance was extracted. I sold 13 colonies, and put 50 into cold storage; 49 of them oame through all right; which is five times that my cold-storage plan has workt successfully. I learned in 1896 that all commission-men are not rascals. I sold some of my crop to one who did just as he agreed in every particular. I learned that from an artistic point of view the sections open on all four sides are by far the most attractive, and when the scallopt wood separator is used with them we have a package of honey as near perfection as we need it. Another point in its favor, and an important one, is that the bees can work lengthwise of the super, which is the nearest like the brood-nest. Without separators there will be fewer bulged sections. Again, It is less trouble to put foundation into them, as they will work either side up. Sections open on two sides look clumsy compared with them, and one has to keep bis thinking cap with him all the time to avoid getting the foundation on the wrong side. Try some of the open-four- side sections this season and report result. For scraping sections a glazier's putty-knife is worth Its price many times over. Another good article for all kinds of scraping, such as bottom-boards, inside of hives and frames, as well as sections, is a cabinet maker's scraper, which is a flat piece of tempered steel 1/16 of an Inch thick, and of different sizes. The one I use is 3x5 inches, square cornered. Both of these tools can be kept sharp by filing square across the edge, and work similar to a plane, by using the corners for the work. Try them, I have learned that we need a bee-escape with several outlets. A little piece of burr comb sometimes turns a bee- escape into a bee-trap, and if the day and night following its use are sultry and hot, a super full of smothered bees will be the result. I have learned, also, that an entrance-guard will shut out too much fresh air on a hot day, and, if ventilation is not given above, you may drown your bees in their own sweat. I have learned, too, that the American Bee Journal is a very great help to me all through the year. I have kept bees seven years, and am an enthusiast — (I guess that is the right word ; any way I like bees) — on the subject; and have been well paid for all the time given to the-n. Clark Co., Wis. Purity of Italian Queens and Drones. Br .JOHN m'arthur. Purity of Italian queens and drones is a question that has been propounded of late, and answered by such veterans as Dr. C. C. Miller, Dr. J. P. H. Brown, and Dr. Gallup. The latter, joining with his brother professionals, states his Ideas of purity of queens and drones. From what he says, those of us who are laboring towards the improvementof Apis mellifica had better stop and waste no more of our valuable time lu that direction, because his idea of purity is already reacht ; what we are doing now is towards the production of mongrels, so says the Doctor on page 550 of the Bee Journal for 1895. On page 7-43 (1896), the following appears : " If we rear queens without proper nourishment or lack of warmth, we can rear black queens from the very best markt mothers. A queen-cell may be 5o located in ' the hive that a few days, just at the right age, of cool, damp, rainy weather will change the queen's color, yet it does not affect her purity." This is certainly something new to the scientific world, and a wonder how this should have escaped the keen eyes of Huber and Darwin. I have never observed, nor ever read of those sudden changes in Nature. I admit a certain amount of flexibility or pliancy — climate, food and habit may produce a tendency to change. No matter how fixt the different characteristics may be when left in Nature's hand, those changes are very slow, but accurate; but when in a state of domestication they occur oftener, and to a much greater ex- tent. Our bees, altho domesticated, are only to a certain extent under our control — we cannot control the mating of them, and never will. The nearest approach to that is isola- tion, so that the sudden changes referred to cannot be pro- duced by their domestication, but an application of the physio- logical laws or the laws of breeding, may explain why those black queens were produced, from the fact that the mother may or may not have been pure-; she certainly had not been purely mated, because the Doctor says, "This can be done from the very best markt mothers." Now if we have a pure yellow queen, and from a line of ancestors that for many generations had shown those markt characteristics mated to a pure drone whose ancestors had the same characteristics, well defined, it is in opposition to Nature to expect anything but like to beget like; the progeny always and everywhere resemble their parents, so the pure yellow queen having been mated to a pure black drone, the results would be a mixt progeny, a percentage being yellow, the majority black, because the black fathers had a line of ances- tors extending possibly to thousands of generations unbroken, whereas the yellow mother may not have had a lino of ances- tors extending to ten generations unbroken, owing to the pre- 18'j7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL^ 323 dominating influence of the blacks. This is the more reason- able cause of accounting for the production of black queens, the progeny of yellow. According to Dr. Gallup's reasoning, Nature would be disordered, and creatures who bring forth Their young in rainy or cold seasons, if the parents were white, the offspring would be black, and those of us who are poorly fed in those hard pinching times, may look for colored progeny as the result. If the Doctor will take the trouble to road this article, and digest it thoroughly, he will, If not wedded to pet theories, or blinded by self-interest like many others, be con- vinced that he has written erroneously. In describing Aaron Benedict's experience on Kelley's Island, in Lake Erie, with progeny from his first Imported queen, the Doctor says : "Queens reared from her were as black as crows, and he decided the mother queen was worth- less, and destroyed her. I had quite a discussion with him in N. C. Mitchell's journal, but coi Id not make him own up, for if you convince a man against his will, he is of the same opin- ion still. So I dropt him in disgust." Possibly the Doctor may have to be left where he left Aaron Benedict. Aaron was right, tho, and so am I. On page 074 of the Bee Journal for 1893, are some ques- tions on the purity of Italian bees by A. P. L., of Batesburgh, S. C, and answered by Dr. J. P. H. Brown, who says: " I you wish to keep your bees pure, you should have all Italian drones in a radius of four miles." This is sound advice. Now the question is, What constitutes an Italian drone ? Is an Italian drone black, brown, mottled, or what color is he ? He should be of some fixt type, because, as a rule, the queens are yellow or bronze, and the Italian worker, if pure, must have three yellow bands, and every one so. Now when there is such an exactness in fixing the type of the worker why not fix on a type for the parent with the same exactness ? It seems to me more reasonable to look to the drone for a type than to the worker, because parthenogenesis in the queen removes the effect of a union with a second parent, as far as the produc- tion of drones is concerned, thereby making doubly sure the fixedness of every characteristic, especially color. The drone should be an exact copy or type of the mother, if she is herself pure or of pure origin. That is to say, if the queen shows three or more yellow bands, the balance of the abdominal seg- ments being bronze the drone should be similarly markt, be- cause, as has already been said, like begets like ; the drone having no father, the queen taking the role of both father and mother. From this it will at once be seen that there should be no uncertainty as to what color the drone should be. If the mother is yellow and of pure origin the drone will be of the same type, just the same as a black queen of pure origin the drones will be black. The Doctor says : "There is not one queen in fifty that will invariably duplicate herself in marking in her queen progeny." The Doctor, perhaps, is not aware of the fact that every queen that has been produced on Toronto Island for the past three years, not only duplicated themselves invariably in markings in queen progeny, but in workers and drones also, the drones being as yellow as the queens. I hope to be ex- cused for thus writing, because the Doctor seems to ignore in- variable yellowness as the test of purity in the yellow race. He will admit invariable blackness as the test of purity of our native bees. We all know the results of a pure black queen mated to a pure black drone— black offspring, of course- queen, workers, and dron&s. Then why should not a pure yellow queen, mated to a pure yellow drone, produce similar results, .all things being equal ? Having toucht slightly on the law of similarity, we come now to a second law, viz.: variation or divergence, by which that of similarity is greatly modified. All organic beings, whether plants or animals, possess a certain flexibility or pliancy of organization rendering them capable of change to a greater or less extent. Climate, food, and habit are the prin- cipal causes of variation which are known to be in any markt degree under the control of man. It would be useless for us to speculate here upon the laws that govern variation. The fact that these exist is what the breeder has to deal with, and a most important one it is, for it is this chiefly which makes hereditary transmission the problem that it is. The knowledge of this law gives us a clue to the causes of many disappointments, of which practical breeders often com- plain, and many variations otherwise unaccounted for, such as red heads, black heads, white heads, and cock-eyed babies appearing in our families, which the Doctor refers to. A knowledge of this law suggests particular caution as to the first male employed in the coupling of animals. It will at once be seen we have nothing to fear from this in the mating of queens — once mated, always mated. It is a known law among breeders that whenever a pure female of any breed has been pregnant to an animal of a different breed, such pregnant animal is a cross ever after, and forever becomes incapable of producing pure stock of any kind. From this cause has arisen many new varieties or types, so that those who are now engaged in the perfecting of Apis mellifica can rest assured that all risks are removed as far as often mating is concerned in the queeu, removing one of the greatest diSiculties that the breeders of live stock has to contend with. From what has been said it will be needless to give illus- trations, of which a journal could be filled, personally ob- served and by others, arising out of this law, and it applies not only to our bees and other domestics, but let us bring it home to ourselves. I see nothing more mongrel in nature than some of the human family. Were the physiological laws, or laws of breeding, better understood and more widely dif- fused among all classes, crime and disease would disappear, prisons and asylums would be removed, doctors, lawyers, and ministers would be less required. Man would become physic- ally, mentally, and morally improved — in fact, such. would be the change in a few generations that many would be led to believe the Millennium had diwned. This should be taught in our common schools of learning, and preacht from the pul- pit. Please pardon me for digressing. On this continent our bees, known as "natives," like our- selves, are of mixt foreign origin, and have been bred with no care in selection, but crost in every possible way. They pos- sess no fixt hereditary traits, and altho among them are many of respectable qualities, and which possess desirable charac- teristics, they cannot be relied upon as breeders to perpetuate like excellence in their progeny. Instead of constancy there is continual breediug back, exhibiting the undesirable traits of inferior ancestors. That a breed might be establisht out of this chaos, by carcf.il selection, aided by judicious crossing with more recent importations fully as good as any now ex- isting, is not to be dnibted. To accomplish this perfect isola- tion has to be sought, and then the work to be in the hands of those who possess the skill, enthusiasm, ample means, and indomitable perseverance requisite to success. The deprest tim^s makes it a very difficult matter for one with limited mean'! to carry on an enterprise of this kind. It just means a lifetime devoted to close observation and careful study, such as Charles Colling, Mason, Bates, Boothe, and Bakewell conducted in the improvement of our cattle, sheep, and our other domestics. No adequate estimate could be made of the advantages accruing from the labors of those worthy men — advantages we have all shared in — by whose in- domitable perseverance and skill a very extensive portion of the world has been blest. Such labors, whether in the im- provement of our bees or other domestics, is as much a triumph of science and skill as the construction of a railroad. 324 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 27, a steamship, an electric telegraph, or any work of architec- ture. If any doubt this, let him ponder the history of those breeds of animals which have made C'rreat Britain the stock- nursery of the world to-day. Let him note the patient in- dustry, the genius and application which have been put forth during this century, on this continent, to bring them to the condition they have attained, and their doubts must cease. Such a field is certainly open for the improvement of our bees. Scarcely a paper comes to hand but contains something encouraging on this line. I congratulate Prof. A. J. Cook for that masterly article on page 759 of the Bee Journal for 1896. Such articles invigorate and renew our courage, mak- ing us more willing to wait, and go on unmindful of what the public think or the market desires, looking for our reward in the away-off future. Ontario, Canada. LConcluded nejt week.] Bee-Escapes— Reasons for and Against. BY DR. C. C. MILLKB. Mr. Editor: — On page 289, your interesting South Afri- can correspondent raises the question as to why there should be such wide divergence of opinion among bee-keepers, illus- trating it by pitting Mr. Simmins and myself as at opposite extremes concerning bee-escapes, practically saying that I laud them sky-high. I don't know just what I may have said in some unguarded moment that should have given Mr. Deacon such an Impression, but as a matter of fact I do not use a bee- escape upon a hive. I know that many of the best bee-keep- ers— I think a large majority of them — think highly of them, but they don't suit my circumstances. Mr. Simmins gives as one of the most forcible arguments against their use the fact that the bees, frightened by the lift- ing of the super, make countless pin-holes in the cappings. This affords another illustration as to difference of opinion, for after considerable experimenting with them I insist that bees do nothing of the kind. Now I'm not going to make faces at Mr. Simmins, or call him names, because his state- ment does not agree with actual facts in my experience. I have high respect for him as a bee-keeper of ability and veracity. Because I have seen no holes gnawed in the cap- pings, I have no right to say he has never seen anything of the kind. Very likely the explanation Is the difference in our bees. I aim to keep Italians. I think he does not. My reasons for not using escapes are different from his. I can't wait for them. When I go to an out-apiary I want to take home with me the honey I take off that day. I don't want to be obliged to make an extra trip next day to go back after the cleared supers. Even in the home apiary I want to finish up the same day, for most likely I want to start off early the next morning for a full day's work In an out-apiary. If It suited me to do the work on parts of two different days, I should not like to leave the escapes on a hive over night, for all the boys In my neighborhood don't go to Sunday-school, and the temptation to carry off a super emptied of bees would be much greater than if the same super were defended by a thousand poisoned javelins. McHenry Co., 111. California Again — Blanketing Bees. BY F. A. GEMMILL. I see that Messrs. Brodbeck and (iallup — who are among my California friends — contribute occasionally to the Ameri- can Bee Journal. I liked California when there, and like it still. I observed In the California Cultivator for April, which was kindly sent me by Dr. (lallup, that I am reported as blanketing bees here In Ontario, Canada, where It Is cold enough for a bear to wear overshoes ; that the outlook for a good crop the coming season is promising; and that I also sigh for a re-visit to the land of perennial flowers, where milk and honey flow. Yes, Mr. Levering, that is correct; but I am not so " dead struck " on Califurfjia that I cannot make a success of apiculture here, although I am accused of blank- eting bees in winter ! Say, Mr. Editor, just you whisper in the ears of those milk-and-honey bee-keepers, through the columns of the American Bee Journal, that this Canadian tenderfoot expects to have " just a lovely time " this summer among his bees, and also procure a No. 1 crop of comb honey from his 92 col- onies, which wintered without the loss of a single colony, and without blankets, either ! They were of course packt with forest leaves, and each colony had a good supply of well- ripened, sealed stores, with slight upward ventilation through a propolized quilt, or a %-inch pine board for a cover, over which was 18 inches of leaves, well prest down. There was an air-space between the top of the leaves and the cases to the outside packing case. The hive entrances were % by 3 inches. That was the secret with me, and any one can do the same thing if he tries. By the way, why did those Californians send Mr. Alpaugh home? Yes, he has actually returned to Canada, and paid me a visit a few days ago while on his tour prospecting for a location to again settle in his native clime. Was it the poor seasons of late in California that discouraged him ? My in- quiry only brought out a submerged reply, to the effect that fleas, scorpions, rattle-snakes, tarantulas, lizards, lions and grizzly bears were numerous. Said information seemed to please my wife so much that she at once said, " Now, Frank, I thoudht there was something there besides oranges, fruits, flowers, and perpetual sunshine ! I don't care, I won't go one foot to such a country !" I am, however, hoping that she will some day go, and take both her feet with her, if it is only to see the country. Of course, I saw a lion and a bear, too, but they were in cages on the top of Mount Lowe, and all the other things were on card-boards, sold in curiosity shops, and could not bite a little bit — for they were dead. Ontario, Canada, May 3. New Union and the Bee Journal.— In order to help our subscribers, and also the United States Bee-Keep- ers' Uniou at the same time, we have decided to offer a year's subticriptioo to the American Bee Journal and a year's mem- bership dues in the New Union, both together, for §1.75. But it must be understood that in order to get this rale, all arrearages of subscriptions must be paid, and the $1.75 rate to apply on advance subscription. Now send us your orders, and we will attend to turning over the . 151. 2ryi, p. 41. Queen-Bees Stay in the Mails.— On page 280 we referred to a report that had gotten out that queen-bees would possibly be excluded from the mails iu this country; and that the matter had been taken up by the New Union, which exists for the express purpose of looking after the in- terests of beekeepers. General Manager Secor immediately sent the following to headquarters : FouEST City, Iowa, May 1(\ 1897. To THE Postmaster General, Washington, D. C. Dc(ir Sir: — It has been reported that the postal authori- ties contemplate issuing an order excluding queen-bees from the mails. I shall be glad to know whether or not there is any foundation for this rumor, and, if so, the reason for so doing. If not true, it will not be necessary for me to enter Into any argument to prove that the liberal rules heretofore, and now (I hope) iu force, have been of incalculable benefit, not only to a very large number of bee-keepers, but also in- directly to agriculture and horticulture, and that a revocation of them would work a real injury to the producers of honey and the other Industries named. If any demand is made by any class of people, or by post- masters, for their exclusion from the malls, I would like to be ny^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 329 permitted to preseot the matter from the standpoint of the bee-keeper, and to show the Department our view of the matter. I am sure that we can convince you that no one can bo injured, and that no mall matter can be Injured by transmis- sion through the mails of queens under your former Instruc- tions and rulings. But as this letter is merely to inquire as to the truth of a rumor, which I sincerely trust is groundless, I will not argue the case In advance. Yours truly, Eugene Secor, Qeneral Manager U. S. B.-K. U. Attacht to the above, Mr. Secor promptly received this very satisfactory reply : PosTOFFiCE Department — Office of the General Supt. Railway Mail Service. Washington, D. C, May 14, 1897. Respectfully returned to Mr. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. There must be some mistake about this matter, as no one at the Department has any knowledge of a change of the reg- ulations excluding queen-bees being contemplated. James E. White, General Supt. We are glad that it was only a " mistake," for it would be a great calamity to bee-beepers and others, as Mr. Secor says, should the present ruling concerning queen-bees be re- voked. We believe our PostotHce Department (which is perfection itself) would not do anything to unjustly interfere with the success of any honorable business. Square vs. Oblong: Sections.— On the first page of this number we show an illustrated comparison between the usual square section and the oblong, or what is sometimes called the " tall," section. Some leading bee-keepers are using the oblong section, and prefer it for several reasons. Mr. Doolittle, we believe, uses it. The Danzenbaker hive takes the oblong section, 32 of them in a single-tier super. We expect to give this " tall " section and the Danzenbaker super a trial this year, so as to know for ourselves whether or not we prefer them. We will also use some of the much-talktof drawn foundation in these sections, and see how nearly the total destruction of the pur- suit of bee-keeping is threatened by its use, as some of the would-be apiarian prophets have foretold ! We are indebted to the kindness of Gleanings in Bee-Cul- ture for the use of the beautiful engravings on the first page this week. Here is what Mr. Doolittle said awhile ago in Gleanings, concerning his preference in the way of a ^section, and his reasons therefor : "My own preference is a section 3}^x59^xl?| inches, this holding a pound as nearly as may be when well filled. This size is used in single-tier wide frames with separators, so as to secure each comb built perfectly in the box. My rea- sons for preferring them are, that more in number can be set over a given space than can those of less depth ; besides, such a cake of honey is of symmetrical proportions, and pleas- iug to the eye, it being just sufficient to set on the table for an ordinary family, and, covering more surface, apparently, to look at, does not give a scrimpt appearance or pattern. Why I prefer them to the larger size is, they bring from two to three cents per pound more in market." Beginners in Bee-Keepingf make their annual appearance as regularly as the spring-time. And they are a hopeful lot of people. We have met several of them this spring, as usual. We rather like them. We started wiih bees once upon a time, ourselves. So did Dr. Miller. And Doolittle. And Dr. Miller says it's just as much fun now to watch the bees get to work each spring as it was nearly H) years ago. We believe him, even if we are not much more than half as old as he is. (It probably Is more fun for the bees to watch the Doctor get to work each spring !) But we started out to say a few words about the enthusi- astic beginner. We want to advise him not to invent a new hive the first season. Wait at least two or three years, until you get a little acquainted with the habits of bees. Perhaps by that time you'll discover that bees will do pretty well in almost any of the hives already in use. Another thing, don't try to go too fast Into bee-keeping. Better grow into it. For instance, start with say two colonies ; to begin the second year you might have four, and thus let your apiary grow with your experience. You'll stand a better chance of making a success of it in that way. Above all things, read very carefully that bee-book. Don't borrow one and then forget to return it, but own one your- self. The book will help you to understand your bees, and vice versa. Ti)c Weekly Budget Mr. J. T. Haikston, of Indian Territory, writing May 18, said: " I suppose I could get along in a way without the ' Old Reliable,' but I don't see how I could. My bees have had the swarming fever this spring — 3.5 swarms from 9 colonies. But they have stopt, and are getting down to business." Editor Merrill, of the American Bee-Keeper, when an- nouncing the selection of Hon. Eugene Secor as General Man- ager of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, said : " Every bee-keeper in this country should joiu the Union." That's good advice, surely. We hope that several thousand of Edi- tor Merrill's subscribers will send their membership fees to him to be forwarded to the New Union. . Mr. F. Bussler, a progressive bee-keeper in Old Mexico, writing us May 1 1, said : " I have now some bees, comb and extracted honey in the exhibition in Cojoacan, and it looks as if people here had never seen such things. Mexico is a wor.derful land for honey, and could export tons and tons of the nicest kind. Later on 1 will report more about the exhibition. Long may the banner of the American Bee Journal wave !" Mr. J. S. Scott, of Utah Co., Utah, had this to say when writing us May 15 : "I have only one objection to the American Bee Journal, and that is, in allowing Doolittle to be so cruel to his little old man, by making him stand so long in one position, with that woe-begone, tired look. Say, Doolittle, can't you turn his face to the wall for awhile ? I am sure he would present a better appearance. "The bees in Utah county have wintered better than ever before. They are having a good run on fruit-bloom, and are coming to the front in fine style." The a. I. Root Company report, in Gleanings for May 1.5, that their bee-supply business is booming. They have this to say about it : " We never had quite such a run of orders as we are hav- ing this spring. If we were no better organized for taking care of so much business promptly than we were in 1890, we should be hopelessly behind. As it is, we are working a man in every available place ; and in the wood-working department two turns of workmen keep the machinery going 22 hours out of the 24. In the shipping department there are several who are working 14 or 15 hours almost every day to get orders off promptly. By these extra efforts we are able to keep the goods going out as fast as the orders come in, so that orders do not remain in our hands unfilled very long." We shall be glad to announce in this column the present condition of business of any of our other regular advertisers if they will let us know about It. We hope that all are hav lug a satisfactory trade this year. It^" This is a good time work for new subscribers. 330 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 2't BEE-BOOKS SEXT POSTPAID BY Geore:e W. York & Co., Chlcaso, Ills. Beea and Honey, or Management of an Apiary !or Pleaanre and Protit. by Tlioiuas G. Newman.— rWs edition has been lartrelv re-wiitten, thorouKhly tevlsed, and Is "fully up wHIi the limes" In all the Improvements and Inventions In this rapkllv-devel- oplng pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everythlUK that can aid In the successful nianage- ment of an apiary, and at the same tlrae produce the most honey in an attractive condition. It con- tains 2;>0 paf.'es. and 245 illustrations— Is beautifully Erlnted in the highest Btvie of the art, atLd bound 1 cloth, BOld-lettered. Price, Sl.OO. r,anKstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadant- This classic in bee-culture, has been entirely rewritten, and is fully Illustrated. It treats of evurythlnj; relatlnt? to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete wltliout this Btandard work by Kev. L. L. J^ancstroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 620 pages: bound lu cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Bee-Ke:pera' dalde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural Cfjilege.— This book is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide in bee-keeping, but is Interesting and thoroughly practical and sclentlflc. It contains a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4(J0 pages ; bound in cloth and Jully Illustrated. Price, postpaid. $1.25. Scientific Qiieen-Kearlnsr, as Practically Applied, by G. >i. Dooilttle.— A method by which the very best of Vaeen-Bees are reared in perfect accord with Nature's way. ITil pages, bound in cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A B, C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopiedia of 400 pages, describing everything pertaining t«j the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains aoo engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound in cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author Of this work is too well known to need further description of his book. lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. Vou should read his book. 90 pages, bound in paper, and illustrated. Price, 50ct8. Rational Ree-&.eeplng, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This is a trariHlatlon of his latest German bookoo bee-culture. It has 350 pages; bound in paper covers, $1.00 Bienen-Kultnr, by Thomas G. Newrian. - This is a German translation of the princippi por- tion of the book called Bees op Honby, IOj page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers, Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parlinmen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tlilrly Years Among the Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's e-xperience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest workot thekind. Nearly lou pages. Price, 50c. Why Eat Honey ?— This Leaflet is intend- ed for FKEK distribution, to create a Local Market. I'K) copies, by mail, ;in cts.: 500 for$1.25; lUOO, $2.i«j. How to Keep Hoiiey and preserve its richness and flavor. Price same as "Why Eat Honey. AlMike Clover Iieaflet Full directions for growing. 50 for 25 cts.; loo for 40 eta.; 200, 70c. Apiary Keeisler, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00; for lOO colonies, $1.25. rreparutlon of Honey Cor the Mnrkat, IncluUIng the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees A.vr Uo.NEV. Price, 10 cents Bee-Paaturaiee a Nccenalty.— This book sug Rests what and how to plan 11 is a chapter fron BEE.S A.vii Uo.N'EV. Price. 10 cents. The Hive I |!»e, by G. M, noollttle. It details his mauagement of bees, and metiiods of producing comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Dr. Hotvurd'N Book on Foiil Brood. —Gives the .McKvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 25 cts. Dictionary of Aplenlture, by Prof, ,Iohn Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 5inj apl- cultural terms. Price. 50 cts. Winter Froblcm in Hee-Keeplni;. by Q, K.Pierce. Kesult of 25 years' experience. 50 ctB. Handlinc Bccn, by Chas. Dadant A: Son.— A Chapter Irom Langstrotli Revised. Price., 8 cla. HUtory of liee-AsBoclations, and Hrief Re- ports of the Mrst 20 conventions. Price, 15 cts. Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R leshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price. 10 eta d Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.-Origln, Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Honey as Food and ITIedlelne, by T G. Newman.-A 32-page pamphlet : Just the thing to create a demand for honey at home. Should be scattered freely. Containsrecipesfor Honey-Cakes Cookies. Puddings, Foam, Wines, and usbb of hnno« for medicine. ings, Foam, Wines, and uses of honey Prices, prepaid— Single copy. Sets.; 10 copies, :)5 CtB.; .5oforS1..5ll: lootor $2.50; 250 for $5.50; 500 for $10.W; or 1000 for $15.00. 'When 2.50 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (tree of cost) on the front cover page. Practical Hints to Bee-Kee-Keepeis— by C'HAS. J. MuTH. Also contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr. G. L. ■Tinker.- Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor 8 " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p. ; illustrated. 25c. Emerson Binders, made especially for the Bee Journal, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp — A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and business man should liave it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price, 40 cts. No 2 in fine artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green's Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to, 1st. How We Made the Old Farm Pay 2nd, Peach Culture; 3rd, Uow to Propagate Fruit- Plants, Vines and Trees; 4tb, General Fruit In- structor. Nearly 120 pages. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chias. A. Green, —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Kvaporation, Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions 01 sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silage, by Prof. A. J. Coot.— It .gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 25 cts, Lumber and Iiog-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. niaple Sugar and the Sujrar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponlzing, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to m.ake the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health In the Poultry Yard and Uow to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field, -Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything aboutthe Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Bural Mfe.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters, 100 pages. 25 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them protltably. Price, 40 cts. i__3 Hand-Book of Health, by Dr, Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 5oc. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Bead Carefully.) The foUowlnff ohibblng prices include the American liee Journal one year with each book named. Koincniber, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. It more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page Followlngls tlie clubbing-list: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee $'2.00 2. A B Oof Bec-Oullure 3.00 3. Bee-Keeper'eGiiido 1.75 4. Bees and Honey I Cloth boundl 1.05 5. Doolitiie'8 Soli-ntlllcQuecn-Hoariug. 1.75 6. Dr. Howard's I'luil Brood Book 1,10 7. Advanced Ueo-i?uHure 1.30 !>. Bleneu-Kullur ((icrman) l.iiQ 11. Rational Bee-KecpingtPaperLoundi 1.75 12. Thirty Tears Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keeping for Profit 1.15 14. Convention Hand-Book. .. 1 15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 110 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. Green's Four Books 1 15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 23. RuralLife 1 10 24. EmersouBinder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 30. Potato Culture 1 20 32. Hand-Book of Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush. ... 1.20 35. Silo and Silage 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies).. . 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 Honey - Clovers ! We have made an-angements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freighter express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5» lom 25ft 501b AlslkeClover 70 $1.25 $3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 AUalfaClover ....60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If wanted by freight. Tour orders are solicited. GEORGE \J. YORK & Co, CHICAGO, ILL. TRANSFERRING^^ If you contemplate buying either three or five band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. If you need some ot the best now, send 75 cts. for one, $4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full Instructions for Introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be sent free. Money Order ollice— WaiTenton. W. H, PBIDGEN, 21A13t Cheek, Warren Co . N. C. Aloition the .Ariicncan, Bee -Joit/i-'nc.i f MILLER'S FACE BLEACH f Removes Tan, Pimples, Freckles, Rasb. and Skin Diseases. Every blemish on beauty Is effectually removed. It defies detection. IB is not att'ected by perspiration, and contains nothing that would injure the mo't sensitive skin. By mail. 25c. H. L,. PANOBOBN, 21A1 Mai^uoket.a., Iow.a. Mention tlie American lieeJmtrnM.- For 1897-Italian Btes per Colony, $4 Tested Italian Queens, 00 cts. each.VAddress, OTTO KLEIINOW, " i^l "~" 122 Mlltary Ave., - Detroit, Mich. '.&-x;'.-,;-.r. (,•->£ -h.is:.'C!'i€o/'i Bet. ^' cuiT'^'vcji. Wanted to ExcliaiigeVf,Slef RmL^^s' calibre, lor Tested Italian Queens from im- ported mother, or laultiess breeding queens, or an> thing useful iti an apiary. K, J. Ul KKiCL,, < laytonville. III. ADELIAND ITALIAN QUEENS. Now ready to mail. Purity aud safe ari-ival guaranteed. One Queen, $1: 2 Queens, $1.90; 3 Queens. $;.7,j; 6 Queens, J.i.iSO, HENKY AL.L,EY, Weiihani, Iflakti. 21 Dlf Mention the American Bee Journal. impr*.v'^d Machine lor Sheeting Wa.x. This machine produces a continuous sheet of uniform thickness and any width desired directly from the molted wax. No lapping or welding done in this iiroccs. This machine is a rapid worker. sliii|ile in construction, easily operated cither liy band or steam powei', and price within reach of any auiiply dealer. Cor- respondence solicited, baniplc sent on receipt of oi-dcr and posliigi-. Patent allowed March 1 8. i 897. THOS. EVANS, Lansing, Iowa. i6y> THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 331 Questiorj'Box> In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Sections willi Old Foundation. Qnerjr 50.— I have sections that were fllleri with fouDdattou two years aKO. Would you put them on the hives this season, or what would you do with them ?— Minn. E. France — Use them if they are clean. Mrs. L. Harrison — Put them on the hives. W. (;. Larrabee — I would put them on the hive. R. L. Taylor — I should use them on the hives. Wm. McEvoy — Put them on the hives this season. Chas. Dadant &, Son — Yes, use all that are not soiled. A. F. Brown — If clean, use them ; otherwise not. P. H. Elwood — If well preserved, I would use them. Eugene Secor — Yes, if I did not have a mill of my own. Dr. C. C. Miller— If they have been nicely kept, I'd use them. J. M. Hambaugh — If they have not been damaged, I would use them. G. M. Doolittle — Put them on the hive. What else should you do with them ? Jas. A. Stone — If they have been kept free from dust, I think they will do to use. Rev. M. Mahin — I would expose them to a degree of heat that will almost melt them, and put them on the hives. Prof. A. J. Cook — I have not found bees to work well on such old sections. I think you would probably use them at a loss. Dr. A. B. Mason — I would use them after they had been kept for awhile in a temperature a little below the melting point of the wax. G. W. Demaree — I would use them if the wax is white and clean. I use a tin plate heated by a lamp to reduce the depth of the cells. H. D. Cutting — It would all depend on their condition. I have used them two years old with good results. Place in the sun for a short time before putting on the hive. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — If the sections are clean, and the foundation is not wax- moth eaten, I would use them. But be- fore using, I would allow the sun to warm them up. C. H. Dibbern — If the sections are clean and the foundation is not glazed over with propolis, I would use them ; otherwise, cut out the foundation and burn up the sections. Emerson T. Abbott — I give it up. The best way to do is to put the fresh foun- dation in the sections when you ueed them. That Is, if you want to secure honey that is first-class In every respect. J. E. Pond — If they are clean and nice, use them again ; if not, work the wax up, and use the sections for fire- wood. It don't pay to fool with any- thing in the comb honey line that is not delicate and dainty. J. A. Green — I would not use them. I think it would pay better to start with fresh. If you do use them, put in each super half fresh and half old. Then you will know for yourself, and we wouk' like to have you report. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish IWIlite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7M cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 63^ cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass-wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. It^~ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO. ILL. New London, "Wisconsin, Page& Lyon Mfg. Co. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of tlie Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and ■whitest Bass'wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mentioti tlig Amc icaa Bee .Tournal. . 7Atf BEE-KEEPERS We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. !>»eii(l Tor Free Illu§lraled Catalo;; and Prfee-L.i§(. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agf iit for the Southwest"^- ^- "^^^^^'joseph, mo. Mr, Abbott sells our Hires and Sections at Factory Prices. That Glueen-Olipping Device Free ! Works Like a Charm. Couldn't Do WItlioat It. The Monetle Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I bave clipped 30 queens, all in one day. when examining my bees. Wsi. Stoi.ley, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us jii.'^l mie iietc luime for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigaa St., CHICAGO, ILL. I have clipped 10 queens, and must say the Monette Queen-CllppiDg Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. ■Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburffh. Ind. 332 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 27. NEVER— TOO LATE To Start Right. We have decided [lo Indufe our patrons to get a start in the best Italian Bers. or to change their stock], to sell not over 2 Nuclei to any one address. A S-Frame (Hoffman) .>'uoIeii» and WarranlotI Ilsilian IMieen, f«i- !Sa.75. .7iisf rutinitiLi' oi-©r with Beos. Phil. Office A. I. ROOT CO., 10 vine St., PHIADELPHIA, PA. TViu. A. Selser, ITIgr. A Fnll Line of All Bee-Supplies at Factory Prices. 19 Alf Mention the American Bee Journal, Made on the beat lines, of the j be>t material known to the art. ' HEATS WITH HOT WATER i Entirely automatic; will hatch ( e%-ery esK thiit can be hatcheti. Simple, durable, effective.Senii 2 slainpsfyrlliiintriitedcutjilueNo. 59. THE INVINCIBLE HATCHER CO., SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. 13D5t Please mention the Bee Journ il. JUST ARRIVED! My second carload of Goods from Tlie A. I. Root Co- has arrived, and lam In shape to flu all ordi rs promptly at their catalog prices. Send for m .• .'JG page catalop ; also list of Goods you will need, and I will malie jou spe- cial prices on early orders. @EQ. m. HII^TOPf, 9D9t FBEMOINT, iniCH. Meiition the American Bee Juuma. " (|iieeiis Given Away." f firay Caruiolaiis anfl (joMen Italians,? We will give a fine Tested Oueen (either race) to all customers ordering 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tpsled y II en to all who or- der 12 Unttsled Ouiens at one time. The Queens given away will he sent to customers in August. (iradc and Pric'('§ of BecN and Queens April Mi,y June July Aug. Sept. $ .6.5 1.25 Untested Queen $ .7'.i Tested ■■ 1..50 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Bestlmported •■ 5 00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two " •• ■• 1.50 1.00 Full Colony of Bees (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We snarantee our liees to be free from all diseases, and to iilve entire satisfaction. Oeiicrlplive Price-Liiiit Free. F. A. Lockliart & Co., "-ake^george. l^iDtf Please meullon tbe Bee Journal. Our '97 Catalog: — O F — Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. le yours for the asking. It is full (if Information. ^3ff~ Write for It. I. J. STRINGHAm, 105 Park Place. NEW FOKK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L, I. M.enU) all alike, and frames and supers. It came off very warm in March, and I went at them to transfer them. To commence with, I bored M-'nch holes In the now Quinby frames, about 4 Inches apart, and got some thorns about 2}i to 3 inches long, and thorned In a set of combs, and went to the first hive to transfer. I moved the old hive off of the stand and set the new one In Its place, I smoked the colony a little, and \/\ 1 and the happy man is best fct- ' ted for tbe duties of life. The I happy heart is tho strongest I heart. Toproduc3andinain= I tainthisconditiou, you should keep constantly en hand a sup- ply of that health retaining, I health restoring remedy (%^^JV^ It is a purely vegetable preparation that corrects all derangements of the Liver and Kidneys and works a permanent cure for BRIGHT'S DISEASE UR5WARY TROUBLES GENERAL DEBILITY FEMALE COWPLAINTS AND MALARIA. In order that it may be handy for you wc. have placed it on sale in your nearest store Beware of substitutes. There is nothing so good as War- ner's Safe Cure. MentK'T., the Amer-ican Bee JTownial, Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! BUY VOI7R Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteid equal to the best goods on tlie market. >eiid lor Price- LlNt. Bawson & Barner, Centralia, Wash, 10A13t Mention the .\m. Bee Journal. California It you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowera Olimate or Kesources. send tor a Sample Oopy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free, PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St., ■ SAN FKANCISCO, CAL. Bee-Keepoi-M' Pliotogrrapli.— We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 131 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 131 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send tbe 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces " for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal office. See the premium olTer on this page! /v^; THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 333 FOR A GOO tliat raii't Mow iirn up; (luit t\ii-ii-; all kiiwls :■( >t.irk ^vith■.ut injury; thiit can't s:iK Iil-cuuso it tukesup its own t^Iuck by expanuiiijc: and contracting: as n-niired; a fence wliich meets every requirement of a farm fence— buy the KKVSTONI-:. 25 to />K iiii-hf9 liiK'li. Fully de?;cribe. Hanburg— Eggs trom all these, 15 lorJI.OO. Also. Ftirkshire Pigs for sale Write for what you want. Stock all teglstered pedigree. N. H. S.mni, Lock Box A, 18A4t TiLBCRY, Ont„ Canada. Confidence Restored. Not Pjib** .■(•ritiil.-n ear t hnniKh I hf lale ' nnprosper- ousness." Now conifs ;C> jier-cenl inrroiise for the ruonthof April. This shows that people like the Coilf «1 Siirini; and like to buy It ofthe owner. rather than those who attempt to appropriate it without U*;ive or lirense. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich For Sale, Bees & Queens P.ees by the Pound. fl.OO. Queens $1.00. Nuclei. 2 frame, with Queen. =?'. 50; I-frflme. $2.00. A so. Barred ic While Plynioiilli Ro<'k«. and Mlver-Lared \t yaiidolteii Egg* at $1 .00 per sitting of 1.",. Address, Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOX, 16A1.} SWARFS. Ghke.se Co., Pa. Mcntiiin 'Me American Ctt .'(".4--"xu; went after the queen first, and got her into the new hive, and then shook the bees off the combs on a blanket in front of the new hive, and all was done. There was scarcely any brood to speak of, and whatthorf was I covered up and took to a warm room to transfer. I was careful to cut out all of the drone-comb, or nearly so, and replace it with worker- comb. I examined the transferred colonies May 15, and found them very strong in bees, and also in brood, and all at work. The prospects arc good now for a good honey-yield here this season. Albert G. Palmer. Otsego Co., N. Y., May 17. P. S. — The first colony that 1 started with to transfer, swarmed, and also got 100 pounds of surplus honey from it, and fr»m the new swarm 50 pounds, besides 40 to 45 pounds each for winter stores. A. G. P. Old-Xixne Honey-Year Expected. Bees in this part of east Tennessee and southwest Virginia (we are right on the dividing line of the two States) win- tered well, and are now in splendid con- dition to gather the precious nectar, which seems to be ready to shower down upon us in profusion, as it were. White clover is blooming almost everywhere this spring, along the roadside, in the old fields, in fence corners, and, in fact, the whole earth presents a lovely flower- garden. It looks now as if we were going to have an "old-time" honey- year. Last year was good, and we will be thankful for another like it, but the present prospects indicate a much better year for ISUT. M. D. Ande.s. Sullivan Co., Tenn., May 14. Good Outlook for Honey Crop. I havo 15 colonies of bees ready for business. The outlook for a good honey crop is very promising, but the weather is rather cool and wet now. I am afraid that if we down all of the frauds there won't be much business left, but I say down them, all the same. RuFus Williams. Lawrence Co., lud., May 15. Preparing Bees for Winter. Heretofore on my return from Florida in the spring. I would find some dead colo- nies of bees; now dead colonies in the spring require more work than live ones, and I resolved to see if I could not prevent it. With this end in view, la.st fall I pre pared each colony for winter, with my own hands. 1 was sure that they all had abun- dance of stores to last until flowers bloomed. We use the S frame Langstroth hive, with cap and cover separate. I would put on a Hill's device, then spread on a thick, unbleacht-mus-lin sheet, cut so large that it would extend a little over the sides of the hive in all directions; then put on the cap, which shut down over the muslin, holding it tightly, thus [ireventing the possibility of a hee getting up into the cap. Then I put in a covering of dry. soft maple leaves, two or three inches in depth ; I was careful to work them into the corners; they were dry, soft and curly. Above the leaves was BeeswaxWanted for Cash ()!• ill E.xcbaiitfc Inr Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax [Tn^tT^m A Specialty. ^" Write for Catalog and Price-Llst. with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Ali(;i STA, WIS. 4-^-!-> ^'I-^^-A An Iionest, efficient Yellow7onei • remedy lor all Fevers, <• r fi. i I? <• Heartaches. Colds. Neu- f ^'" ''"" '""< t»" ^ ralgia, Grip, Rheuma- T-^^-^^-^-I-^^-T tism, etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, oh money rekdnded. ■'It's a rare pleiiivire to find such a remedy." "Too much cannot be said in praise of them." 1 Box. 25c.; fi Boxes. $1; most orders are $1, W. B. House, Dra-wer 1, Detour, Mich. 13 Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. CLOSING OUT PRIDES Oi\ FIRST-CliASS GOODS. 10 No. 1 R Dov. Hives, 8-trame. 10 No. IE" " 10 " $7 .=;n 8 50 Best Polisht Sections $2.50 per M. Other Goods In propoitiou. Let me make an estimate on your wants. W. J. Finch, Jr., Chesterfield, Ills. 10A1.3t Mention the Am. Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^o^-i^-jATioN Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Kdging-up, Jointing StuB, etc. Full LIneof Foot am; Hand Power Machinery .Sold OD Trial. Catalosrue Free. SE>E<^A FALIiS MFG. CO., 46 Water St. SENECA FALLS. iJ. T. 1 Aly Maniio.. the Ajnerirmi Bee JoumaJ A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eg»B perfectly through warm weather, just as good as frt-sh ones for cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a doz n. You can preserve them tor about 1 cent i»er dozen. Now is the time to do It, while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. ITIA!«0\, 3512 Monroe Street, - Toledo. Ohio. One Cent I Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Hoot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. HI. H. HINT, Bell Branch, itllrli. Wmew Answering ^^15 Advertisement. Mention rms j Texas Queens Dr Gallup says they are the best he I II ■ I has in bis yard. lllDllH) I J. I>. GIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. Mention the IJee Journal. 9.\26t. OKItlCKS ailed by rrtura mail or freisnt for \. 1. Root Go's Sui>fi,iES. Oir choice .iiralD Italian Queens: 1, 2 S 3 fr. nuclei f in a hurrv lor Supplies, s«-nd us vour orders. :t(l-parro Cnfji/oir h'ree. Jno. INebel 4: Son, HUh'Hlll, ,»lo, Meiititni the Amf.rican Bee JoumaL 4.\tf Italian Queens "' "aiV."' Untested. 50c.; Tested, Jl. 00. Nuclei. 2 I rami. $2. 00, Including a good Queen. Hecs by tfe Pouud. E. L.. CIKKI:>G ION, 5A17t De Fnniak $iprIn:rB, Fla. 334 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May THE RUMELY ENGINES & THRESHERS Aliirli »,.„^(i™''^'"'i" ""■ l"'^'."' "'^.''" '*''"' '""^ enitmcs arc simple and coiunound, traction and portable. Tluy ninjre in lioise powtr fium 8 to 20. and iiiL- con- I of the best nial.rinl through.. ut, linving in vii-w large traction power, ; KlfjIKLY I one niat'liine, , . - by otlier macllines. Thev are lean.eooiionu.' thresh, is 1807 eatalocue mailed free. Write today M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, INDIANA. Miii, ,1,1 oi me best nial.rial tluou>.'li,,ut, liaving in view large trai-tii £i?i?! «'Jf J"""*^ qualities. . simplicity and durability. THK ,'• , , **"^ I'omhine the apron and vibrator principle in o whi.-h liroiiuees a separali,.n ,,t grain not attained by other machines last, clean, economic thresh, rs 1807 eataloono ••>:iilo.i f-=o \ Book KeconiiiieiKlcd by Dr. Gallup. THENEW METHOD In Health and JDIsease. By W. E Forest. M. D.. 13th Edition, Re- vised, Illustrated, aud Enlarged. Tbis is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home Phtsician, and as A (liiiid*- to lloallli. It makes the way from WeaKne»>N to Nli*eii;:;1li so plain that only those who ai'e past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings <-a»nol l»e !s>iclc. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving the need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not a «Ii*mjs^ lr<-siliiient. All Clirouio I>iM«^a»«es are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the •■ .\>"' J//'//m(7.v " given here; even those who have been pronounced <'on- tiiiiniplivo have been entirely cured. While for Riioiiiiialisni, liialion, l»,rNfnl:ii-j-, l.ivfi- and l^i«lii<-y ']'roiil>le!«. 4.'alai-i-li. Ilinaoia- tiun. 4aeuci-al l>fl>ility. I\orv- oii!,« I'^xliaiiMlion. Ikiseasrs I'e- ciiliar lo %Voiiieu, etc., the methods are sure, aud can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Caiiaranloe. So contident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try "New Methods'' thoroughly, it the book is re- turned in good condition. Xhe >«•« Edilion is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht. and others made ex- pressly for this work ; contains 300 jiages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though the priccof the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was •*2..50, we sell this at SI, 00, postpaid. i>Ri:.Tiii .M oi'I'i:k»«. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail yen the liook free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEORGI' 'W. YOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. ll.ai-V, HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lUlll ^ Square Glass Jars. lUiot's (loods at Root's Prices. Bee-Kkei'khs' Sii'iM.iKs in general, etc etc Send iDroitr new catalog. "Praftleiil IIIiiIm" will be mailed for 10c. In sttinipH, Apply to— Chas. F Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mtt\.ii(n\ tlie American Uee Jownial. nrp /CCDCD? f Let me send you tny <>4- DLL-NLLrLriO 1 paKC CutaloK lor 18!)7, J. ITI. JeiikiiiN, Wetiimpka, 41a. Mention, the A.merica/n Bee Journal, put a chaff cushion of 4 to 6 inches in thick- ness. The hive-covers are made with cleats, and when I put them on I put a piece of section on the top of the cap to make a little crack to admit air, thus preventing dampness. It the covers fit down tightly, dampness will accumulate from the breath of the bees. The hives thus prepared were left upon the summer stands, which consists of the height of two bricks, one upon the other at the back of the hive, and one in front: this inclination is suflicient to cause the mois- ture to run out of the front. Where there were rows of hives placed closely together, I wedged in leaves and grass between them, and put a board to keep the rain from run- ning down between them. I've no hives containing dead bees to clean, and I received a joyous welcome from all the colonies on my return home, April 13. Mrs. L. Harkison. Peoria Co., 111. A Young Kansas Bee-Keeper. Our hees wintered well, losing cne colony out of ',2(, on account of queenlessuess. White clover is beginning to bloom, and promises well. Bees began swarming April 23. We had two swarms that date. They both went together yesterday. We had three swarms ,that went together, but we have the queens' wings dipt, so that don't worry us. Here comes another one. I will see you later. Well, they are landed safely home, .just as if nothing had happened. Well, Mr. Editor, I am ioing lots of talk- ing for a lad of 13. O, yes, here comes another swarm. Well, I iwill see you in a few minutes. They are safely landed back home. It is growing a little cloudy, so I think I will be able to finish my .letter. What 1 want to .say is, father is a railroad man, and is gone from home most of the time. So I will try to make a big bee-man, if the editor will give me a show. Good by for tbis time. Geouoe Roby. Neosho Co., Kans., May 10. Penn Ave. and Eiohth St. iPiTT'SBiprii:©, pm. Thorough Courses — Normal, Comtuerclal, La- dles Literary, Sborthalid and TypewrlllUK. Klllclenl and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for ('atalog. Pror. LKWIS KDWIN VOHK, Fres. .MeatMwi ih/i A!r.t.745tsrj .Bee fcii/nw. BEES FOR SALE. We can supp y Good Full Colonies of Ital- ian Bees In 8-frame Lanestro'h Dives. They are in Lee Co., IHIqoIb. 100 miles from Chi- cago. If you wish to liuy, wri'e us at once. as to how many you want, and we will quote price. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. SEE THAT WINK ! Uee - Supplies ! KoOT's Goods at Root's Prices. *oudcr's Honey - Jars^ ind every thing used by ■ee-keepers. Prompt ser- Ice. low freight rate. Cat. ree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass, Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana. , ->r8 hs^^ft^ AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State 5t., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to* CARLOADS or Bee-Hives. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee- Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. "W. H. PUTNAIW. River F.^i^ls. Pierce Co., Wis. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT, MENTION THIS JOURNAL- 1^- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11,25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., tor his , Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Has No Sag In Brood-Frames Tliin Flat-Bottom Fouudation Das \o Fishbone in tbe Sorpios Qouey. BetnK the cleanest 1b usaallj worked tbe qalckest of any FouDdatlon made J. A. VAN DEIISEN. Sole ManafactQrar, Bpront Brook Montaomerr Co., S.Y. UNG DISEASES. in years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require e.tpert medi- cal treatment, address Dr, Peiro, 100 State St,, Chicnco. 4tueens anU new subscribers to the Bee Jouhnal for a year at fl.OO each. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 335 HONEY and BEESWAX MARKEX <(IIOXA'riU.'%«ii. Chicatfo, 111. , May 6.— There ia very little bouey comluir to the market, and fine Tots of white comb brinus l.'Sc. Yet only ii little Is tiiken by the dealers, the season lor it belnior over with the oomiuK"Of strawberries, which are now plentiful. K.vtracted brings about late 4c. ; ll»fht amber, .'!>4-4c.; dark tule, 3Jic. Beeswax, fair to choice. 2.5-'-37c. New York, N. Y.,Ma>- 20.— Old crop is well cleaned up. both comb and extracted, and our market Is In (food shape lor new crop, which Is now be>rinniug to ariive from the South. It is in fairly grood demand at .")0@,i2c. per gallon for average common grade, and 55 @60c. for better grades. Beeswax Is rather quiet at 200270. Detroit, Mich., May 1,— Fancy white comb, lI@12o.; No. 1. lOOUc: fancy amber.!)® lOc; No. 1. S@!)c.; dark. 7@8c. ExtraJted. white. oOSci amber, 4@5c; dark. 4c. Bees- wax, 23@26c. Demand is slow for honey, and plenty in commission hovise. Kansas City, Mo., May 20.— Fancy white. ISaiSc. : No. I,ll@l2c.; fancy amber. 10® lie; No. 1, OiaiOc. ; fancy dark, 8(8!ic. : No. 1, 8c. Extracted, white. .^@5i4c.; amber, 4'/2@ oc: dark, 3!4@4c. Beeswax, 25c. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 7. — Demand Is slo^' for all kinds of honey. Comb honey, 9@14c. for fair to choice white: extracted, 3K@6c. There is a fair demand for beeswax at 23@25c. for good to choice yellow. Minneapolis, Minn., May 1. — Fancy white, liai 2c. ; No. 1 white. lOOllc; fancy amber. 9@l0c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark. "©Sc. ; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white, 6@7c. ; amber, 5©5Hc. ; dark. 4(a5c. Utah white extracted. 5@5Hc. Beeswax, 23(iJ 26c. Market fairly steady fur comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Philadelphia, Pa., May 1.— Fancy white comb, 12-loc ; fancy amber. 8-9c. ; No. 1, 8c.; lancy dark, 7-8c. Extracted, white. 5-7o. : amber, 4-5c. ; dark, 3^-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for comb honey —very little demand. Extracted in good demand. St. Iionis, Mo., May 1.— Fancy comb. 12® @i:ic.; No. 1 white, IKail^c; amber, 9® lO^c; dark, 7@8!4c. Extracted, white. In cans, 6@7o. ; amber, in barrels, 4@4!^c; extra. 5c. : dark, 3®4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax. 2:i@23Mc. — prime finds ready sale at 23i4c. Albany, N. Y., May 1. — Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1. 11-12C.; fancy amber, 9-lOc,; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark, 7-8c.; No. 1. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 5-Gc. : dark. 3J4-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind., May 1. — Fancy white 14-15C.; No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, while, 6-7c. Beeswax, 22-25c. Demand Is lair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Buffalo, W. Y , May 7.— Strictly fancy comb. 1-pound, mostly 10 and lie. tod.iy. De- mand Is only fair at present. Other grades range from 5@9c. Extracted, 4®5c. Boston, Mass., May 1.— Fancy white, 13- 14c.; No. 1. 11-120. Extracted, white. 6-7c.; amber. 5-41n. stove 9.00 " l.IO Conqueror 3 " *■ 6.50 •• 1.00 Large 2^4 " 5 00 •• .90 I'Liln 2 ■• " 4.75 •' .70 LlitleWnnder 2 "Lwt.lO oz] 4.50 ■• .60 Honey-Knife 6.00 " .80 For further description, send tor Circulars. T. F. BINGHAin, Farwell, Mlcb. We have a few of these Emerson stiff cloth- board binders for the American Bee Journal. They make a splendid permanent binding, and hold a full year's numbers. The old price was 75 cts.. uostpaid. but we will mall you one for only 60 cts , or with the Ri-e Journal for one year— both together tor 11.50. 336 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. May 27. 1897. L D L L Sueecssfiil Bee-Keepiiig, r H r r by W. Z Hutchinson ; I II kb and our 1897 Catalog, lor 2- cent stamp, or a copy of tbe Catalog for llie Axkliis. We make almost Everyiliiii^ used l>v Bee-Keepers, and at LowuMt Friifs. Oiii Falcon Polisiit Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't tiuy cheHiily aid roughly made Goods. when you can ha\ e ilie besl— sufli as we make. The Aiiierif an Beo, - Keeper ^monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. SAMPLE FREE— Address. THE ff.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highfst Honors at the Falre. and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hives, J.^O for the best 1 00 Danz. sections •' 25 " 25 •• 50 " " 20 •' 20 '• 40 •• 10 •• 10 ■• 20 " •• 5 ■• 5 •■ 10 " ^T" Further particulars regarding the pre- miums, also special catalog of tbe Danzen- baker Hive and Sj stem, furnitht on applica- tion. Address. Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Oliio. rare The A. I. Hoot Company. ARE WORTH LOOKING AT Our Prices NEW CHAMPIOTCHAFF HIVE with Dovetailed Body and Sui-ehs espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordingly Send for Catalog aud Price-Llit. Adjiess, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Box 187, Sheboygan, Wis. rAEisE rpo 8A? to the readert 1 of the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOI^ITTLE has concluded to sel -BKBS and QUKEN8- tn ihetr season, during i. 897, at the followlnt prices : One Colony Of UalianB on 9 Gallup frames, in light shipptnK-bux $6uu Five Colonies 25 iX) Ten Colonies.. 45 (Ki 1 untested queen, l oti 6 *' queens 5 50 12 " " 1000 1 tested Queen. $) st 8 *' Queens 3 5o 1 select tested queen :2 r> _ 3 " " Oueen84(M Seleriiesieo queen, previous season's rearinK 4 "' Bitra Selected for breeding, thb vkky bbht 5 oo About a Pound of BKBa In a Two-franie Nucleup with any Queen, ta.oo extra. IV Circular free. Riving full particulars reKar- - iDg the Bees and each class of Queens Addret^H __ 6. M. DOOLITTU. IIA'?."!! itMH«>ni VM il<^ MONEY IN POULTRY Bl - readers 111 tills paper only if yoiMinlPr now, ot noli'Milum varieties. Send l.i- fortheliirKi;»t iinil moHt comnlrte 1 ."illo , lulrte«v.,r JOHN BAUSCHER, Jr. i,ubli«htliihulclpliia, Pu. PiihUHht Weekly at lis .Vlic/i/rjan Street. 91.00 a Year-Sample Cevy Free. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 3, 1897. No. 22. "THE LAND OF FLOWERS." Bee-KeepiHg Thoughts, Observations and Ex- periences in South Florida. BY H. E. HILL. No State in all this great " land of the free and home of the brave " is so conspicuously defined upon the map as that jet which extends out into the sea at its southeast extremity, of her verdant shores are bathed in tropical seas. A remark- able feature of its formation is a high ridge that, excepting an occasional inlet through which the ocean tides ebb and flow, traverses nearly the entire length of the east coast, divid- ing the ocean from the main land, and thus forming beautiful lagoons or tidal rivers, varying In width from X to 6 miles, which are navigable for ships of light draught. The several divisions thus formed are known as the North, Matanzas, Halifax, Hillsborough and Indian rivers ; Mosquito lagoon, Hobe sound. Lake Worth, and Biscayne bay. With these, numerous rivers and creeks, rising in the interior, mingle their waters, instead of emptying directly Into the ocean, and all combine to form Ideal water-courses for the transportation of bees In practicing the migratory plan. Bee-keepers are located all along their banks; many of them men of experience who have achieved success, though little or nothing is known of them by the world at large,. called " Florida." Its magnitude perhaps is not realized by one in fifty who have casually observed its geographical pecu- liarity yet have never traveled Its railways, lakes and rivers. As if determined to bear the Stars and Stripes beyond the domain of King Frost, she stretches forth independently and alone beneath the warmth of a winter sun until 1,146 miles owing to a prevalent degree of modesty which (as yet) has not found Its way west of the Rockies. There are a few whose experiences are more freely Imparted, who are both practical and scientific In the art of bee-keeping, and are so regarded, not alone In Florida, but throughout beedom. Chief of these, I believe, is Mr. W. S. Hart, father of modern bee-culture In 338 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 3, Florida. Mr. Hart is also proprietor of the Bellevue orange groves, and has for some time held a high official position in the Florida Horticultural Society. His characteristic enter- prise is in evidence in every department of both fruit and honey branches of his business as well aa elsewhere in Volusia county, of which he is a public-spirited and prosperouscltizen. The large and commodious packing-house in which the crops of oranges from the Bellevue groves are prepared for shipment is provided with an ingeniously devised arrange- ment which automatically grades the sizes without injury to the fruit, and greatly facilitates the handling of large crops. The honey-house is one of the largest, and is in appointment the most perfect that I have seen anywhere. The extracting- room is upon the second floor, and is reacht by an incline, after which the power of gravitation is utilized to perform the work entirely from the time the honey leaves the extractor until it is barreled for market. When necessary the honey is turned into the solar evaporating-room on its descent, and the desired specific gravity — which is ascertained by hydrometer test — is obtained by regulating the incline of the evaporating- pan. Mr. Hart's uniformly high averages, resulting from his skill and thorough methods, are in a measure responsible for the present over-stockt condition of the range. Bee-keepers in and adjacent to Mr. Hart's range, are Messrs. Mitchell, Whitaker, Barber, Wilkinson, Sheldon, Galbreath, Turner, Abbott, Moore, et al. This locality, in 1894, shipt about 200 tons of honey. The nectar-secretion along the Halifax river, is gathered by the apiaries of Messrs. Case, Robinson, John- son, Joees, and other small bee-keepers ; whUe Messrs. Marsh, Clinton, and Hewett, care for the product in the vicinity of Oak Hill, at the head of the Indian river. Mr. King, located at Indian River Narrows, has extensive apiarian interests, with some opposition, in the way of smaller yards than his own, in the field ; and indeed they are strewn the entire length of this picturesque little sea — over 100 miles long — which teems with numerous varieties of fish and oysters. At its southern terminus— about 260 miles south of Jack- sonville— the Indian river is intercepted by the St. Lucie, one of the most charming of the many beautiful rivers for which Florida is famed. Here is the home of Mr. O. O. Poppleton, who needs no introduction to readers of apicultural literature in the English language. Overlooking the river, nestled amid the foliage of tropical trees, vines and shrubs — some of which were brought from the island of Cuba by Mr. Poppleton upon his return from that land of insurrections, several years ago — is his cozy little home ; to which picture a luxuriant growth of pineapples and rows of neatly-painted white hives, beneath a sunlit sky, form a harmonious background, and the scene is one to remind the beholder of his proximity to the torrid zone. Mr. Poppleton has also an out-aplary, and, like the majority of Florida bee-keepers, produces extracted honey exclusively. Mr. Benjamin Parks, on the St. Lucie, is another progres- sive and successful keeper of bees, who believes in supplying the home market before shipping to the cities. The apiaries of Messrs. Simmons, Fultz, Winter, Hankins and the writer, all assist in gathering the honey crops of this vicinity. An accompanying engraving will g'ive a glimpse of our apiary near Spruce Bluff, about six miles north of Stuart. Each hive is provided with a combined honey-board and feeder, having cleats one inch square on top, upon which the lid rests, giving thorough ventilation. A groove cut part way across the end cleat, with a shorter one to catch the other end, holds a framed record-slats upon each honey-board, tho it Is easily drawn out and replaced when making notes. The apiary Is shaded by arbors built of poles to which palm leaves are nailed ; each arbor covering two rows of hives. This feature is perhaps appreciated equally by the bees and their keeper during the heated term. The view of our New Smyrna apiary was taken shortly after the unprecedented freeze of 1894, when all our re- sources were thereby temporarily cut down, which accounts for the absence of upper stories and supers. Brevard Co., Fla. [Concluded next week.] Introducing Queens— One Way to Do It. BY .J. E. rOND. I have received several letters of late asking my method of introducing queens ; as this Is a matter that may be of gen- eral Interest, I will briefly state the method I have success- fully used for years, that Is, with hardly the loss of one per cent. On the morning of a clear day, when the bees are flying freely, I remove the old queen, placing the one I propose to introduce in the top of the hive caged as ordinarily sent by mail, and there leave the cage so that the bees can have access to it till the time to let her out. In the evening of the same day after the bees have all returned from the field, and are quietly settled at home, I blow a little smoke in the entrance of the hive, wait a few moments till the bees have filled them- selves with honey, then remove the cage and queen from the top of the hive, open the cage, and allow the queen to run in at the entrance, as though she had always had her home there. The above method Is simple and easy of accomplishment, and with myself, as I have stated, is a thorough success, so much so that I never use any other when honey is being gath- ered. It is a saving of time also to the bees, as the new queen is sure to be laying freely within a few hours after introduc- tion. One thing I will mention, tho, I do not open a hive for three or four days, at least after, such iiitroduction, for fear that by so doing the new queen might be injured by being " balled." If any who adopt the method desire to know at an ear- lier date whether or not a queen is accepted, they can by the use of a "drone-trap " ascertain at once, for if rejected, the queen will be found In the " trap," which can be examined at any time. Any one who can open a cage and let loose a queen, can introduce her as above, as it does not require any special skill or experience. Bristol Co., Mass. Purity of Italian Queens and Drones. BY .lOHN M'ABTIIUR. [Continued from page :VZi.\ Another point toucht upon by tho Doctor, Is " the impor- tation of queens from Italy." The results are " a conglomera- tion of colors, from black to mottled, with bright yellow, both queens and drones. Because of this, variation is no sign of 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 339 impurity If their cominR from Italy will make them so." Now this is just the point. Is there auy pure stock imported from Italy ? I very much doubt if any comes from there that will duplicate themselves in queens, workers, and drones uni- formly markt. They are like ourselves, only emigrants, or the offspring of emigrants. It is easy accounting for their appearance In LIguria, that province lying on the bosom of the Mediterranean. They could have been easily imported or by migration found their way to the shores of Liguria. Ample proof can be given of a swarm lodging in the bow of a of a vessel trading on Lake Erie many miles from the Cana- dian shore, and taken to the American side. The captain is now on one of our ferry-boats, and related the circumstance to me two years ago. They are only of a recent date in Liguria, compared with the Egyptian, Syrian or Cyprian races. They were domesti- cated by the Syrians and Babylonians before the more north- ern portions of Europe had emerged out of chaos ; long before that period in which our ancestors as described by Julius Ca?sar wore naked and smeared over with paint, or merely clothed with the skins of wild beasts, living in huts and wor- shipping the mistletoe. No doubt the Syrian race is the origi- nal type from which other forms have been derived. By care- ful selection and judicious crossing, not forgetting isolation, they are being brought back to the original type. The questioner asks the Doctor the reason for this dis- crepancy In color, especially with queens and drones. He says: " Now is it impurity, degeneration, or what ?" I have DO hesitation In saying it is impurity, because two of a kind mated together, showing the same markings, and from a line of ancestors showing the same fixt characteristics according to the law of breeding, ought to produce something similar, which Is not the case with our imported queens and queens reared anywhere except where there is perfect isolation. Having disposed of Dr. J. P. H. Brown, I now turn my attention to Dr. C. C. Miller, who says to his questioner, on pages 029 and 630 of the Bee Journal for 1896 : "Drones vary very much in appearance, and there are no markings of the drones that would be taken as a test of pure Italians ; the workers are the ones to go by ; the test of pure Italians being the three yellow bands on all the workers." This seems to me strange reasoning, and contrary to the physiological laws, or the laws of breeding. How ridiculous the thought of any breeder of thoroughbred stock describing with accuracy the progeny, and cannot with the same exact- ness describe sire and dam. If such were the case, there would be no constancy or fixedness of characteristics, hence a heterogeneous mass of colors, shapes, etc. There must be some fixt law in the mating of queens as in other creatures, whereby the worker progeny, as described by the Doctor, are all alike in markings. It does not arise from the mere fact of the queen being yellow. There is no casual or haphazard blending of the parts or qualities of two parents. Then when one parent takes the role of two (as far as her drohe progeny is concerned), as does the queen, it very much simplifies mat- ters, making doubly sure the fixedness of every characteristic, especially color, because it is a known law among breeders that the male and female contribute one-half. The male parent chiefly determines the external character, the general appearance — in fact, the outward structure and locomotive powers of the offspring — as the frame-work or bones and muscles, the organs of sense, and skin ; while the female parent chiefly determines the internal structure, and the gen- eral quality, consisting of the vital organs, i. c, heart, lungs, glands, and digestive organs, and giving tone and character to the vital functions, secretion, nutrition and growth. Not that the male is without influence on the internal, or the female without influence on the external — the law holds only within certain restrictions, and these form, as it were, a sec- ondary law, one of limitations; and, furthermore, when copu- lation takes place, unlike most other creatures, discharges only one polar body, which is female, and therefore Influences only the worker progeny. Now this should make it plain that the drone has very much to do with the markings and outward structure of his progeny, and should make us more careful in the selection of our breeding stock. This brings us to a third law, known to the breeder as atavism or ancestral Influence. The lesson taught by this law is very plain ; it shows the importance of seeking thor- oughbred or well bred stock, whose descendants are from a line of ancestors in which for many generations the desirable forms, qualities, and characteristics have been uniformly shown. Hence the money value of good pedigree. Before closing this rather lengthy epistle, a few Illustra- tions may help to show some of the errors that have been made by many writers in dsscribing what constitutes the proper marking of our bees. Take the entomological world — our bumble-bees. How uniform in markings, male and female alike. In any of our varieties of wasps we find the same accuracy in markings — neuters, male and female moths and butterflies, the same order in markings prevail. In the ornithological world wo find the same order prevail- ing ; the males as a rule having the most gaudy furnishings. Look at our pigeons and their varieties, male and female alike ; our poultry the same, and why not the same uniformity in markings of our bees V I have no doubt these three doctors have closely studied the anatomy of man, and can diagnose with ease the ills that flesh are heir to; but their diagnosis of what constitutes a pure Italian queen or drone falls short of the mark, according to Nature's laws, which the writer has feebly tried to point out. I cannot lay the charge of ignor- ance to the writers, but they certainly had not consulted the physiological laws, or the laws of breeding, or they would have seen their error, and made their replies somewhat dif- ferent. The amount of error that has been publisht of late on this question, by learned, thinking men, has been rather appall- ing, and the sooner we come to a decision on the question the better it will be for all concerned in the welfare of apiculture; and let us ever remember that all Nature's operations are con- ducted by fixt laws, whether we be able fully to discover them or not ; the same causes always producing the same results. Being illiterate, I prefer to sit and be taught, but when an extended experience and close observation reveals facts, that to-day are rejected and lookt upon by so many — shall I say thinking bee-keepers ? — as mere idle talk, I shall hold to my former opinions, with convictions more deeply iaiprest that the views presented are correct, and I am willing and able to bear all the criticism that will be showered about my ears for advancing what I know to be facts entirely based on Nature's laws. Ontario, Canada. Method of Securing Worker-Comb. BY G. M. DOOLITTI.E. Question. — As I have quite a quantity of combs which are only partly built to fill the frames, which I wish the bees to complete next summer, having as little drone-comb in them as possible, I wish you would explain a little further in regard to how you work for the building of worker-comb, as given on page 891 of Gleanings for 1896. You say there, '.' And by taking them (the combs) out in such a way as to keep the bees desiring only worker-brood," etc. What I wish is to under- stand just how this is done. Answek. — When any colony is so weak that it has no de- sire to swarm (during or preceding the swarming season or honey-flow), such a colony will invariably build worker-comb (so that worker-brood may be reared till the colony comes into a prosperous condition), providing they do not have sufBcient comb already built. Taking advantage of this fact, I use all colonies which are too weak to store honey to advantage at the beginning of the honey-flow, treating them thus : Their combs are generally all taken from them ; but sometimes I leave one comb partially filled with brood, and always one of honey, giving the combs of brood to other colo- nies so that they will be still stronger for the honey-harvest. I now put in one, two, and sometimes three frames with starters in them, or frames which are partly filled with comb (as our questioner says his are), just according to the size of the little colony, after I have taken their combs away. In all cases I see that each one has a frame well-filled with honey; for should storms or cloudy, windy weather come on at this time they would build no comb of any amount, and might starve; while with the frame of honey they will go right on converting the honey into comb, storm or no storm. If the right number of frames are given to suit the size of the little colony, they will fill them quickly, especially when honey Is coming in from the fields, and each comb will be filled with brood as fast as built. If not too strong they will generally build comb of the worker size of cell till the brood begins to hatch from the eggs first laid in the newly-built combs by the queen ; but as soon as many bees hatch they will change to the drone size of cells ; or If the little colony is quite strong in bees they may change the size of cells sooner than this. Hence, as soon as the first frames I gave them are filled with comb, look to see about how many bees they have; and If they are still well stockt with bees, or are in a shape where I may expect that they may change the size of cell before they reach the bottoms of the frames with worker-comb (should I spread those apart which they already have and Insert other empty or partially filled frames), I take out the combs they 340 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 3, have already built, and thus put them In the same condition they were when I first started. But they will not build combs quite as freely this time as they did before, unless there can be some younp bees hatching ; so, if lean conveniently, I give them a comb containing mostly honey and a little brood (if they have such a comb It Is left with them, which Is more often the case than otherwise) from some other colony, when they are ready to work the same as before. In this way a colony can be kept building worker-comb all summer, or till the bees are nearly used up from old age, the colony becoming so small as to be unable to build comb to any advantage, under any circumstances. But If just the right amount of brood Is left, or given them, so that they stay In about the same condition, they will build worker-comb all summer by the apiarist supplying honey or feed when none Is coming from the fields. If not so strong but that I think they will still continue to build worker-comb. Instead of taking the brood away, I spread the frames of combs (now built) apart, and insert one or more empty frames between, when these will generally be filled with worker-comb before enough young bees hatch for them to change the size of cell. But t/iis is always to be kept In mind, whenever you find them building drone-comb: The combs they then have, all except the one mostly filled with honey, are to be taken away so that they may feel their need of worker-brood again, when they will build cells of the worker size once more. I have had hundreds of frames built full of worker-comb In this way, hundreds completed, as our questioner proposes to do, and hundreds " patcht '" where I had cut out small pieces of drone comb, which had gotten in, In one way or another. If any one wishes a mutilated comb to be flxt so It will be a surprise to him, just give It to one of these little colonies and see what nice work they can do at "patching" with nXl worker-comb. — Gleanings. Willthe Good Years Come Again? BY S. A. DEACON. Among the 22 replies given to the above question in the American Bee Journal of Dec. 24, 1 896, by the leading api- arists, I fall to see one which treats the subject from anything approaching a scientific point of view. Most of the an- swers would seem to have been given In a random, haphazard, happy-go-lucky sort of way. One curtly says: "If the con- ditions are the same, why not ?" Another opines that, "All depends on summer drouths and winter snows." Precisely ! But In no case Is the great desideratum of a foreknowledge of coming seasons mentioned, or any hints given as to how such knowledge may be obtained. Yet I have reason to believe that It coTi be obtained; that thoroughly reliable season prognostications, or forecasts, can be formulated; the outcome of a careful and patient scrutinizing of your meteorological records as far back as they go. Three of the respondents came, tho all unconsciously, very near to suggesting some such method of ascertaining the nature of the seasons In advance; they, at least. Indirectly affirmed their belief In the theory of weather cycles. Eugene Secor, for instance, answers: "The thing that hath been. It Is that which shall be." Mrs. L. Harrison, also drawing upon scripture, laconically replies, " What has been will be again." A. F. Brown replies, " History repeats Itself, as the sun rises and sets." To all of which I again, and very emphatically, observe — precisely ! These three respondents have given the clue ; it only re- mains for some of the studiously Inclined members of our fraternity — perhaps Dr. Miller, Dr. Brown, Hon. Eugene Secor, or the Rev. Mr. Mahin — to devote a little time to ascer- taining, from a careful study of the rainfall and other meteoro- logical records of past years, with what degree of regularity " the thing that hath been" was, and will he again; and whether, haply, repetitions In meteorological history are, equally with that of human and national events, as regular as the rising and setting of the sun. In short, they must go cycle hunting ; and If they should meet with anything approxi- mating the measure of success In that fascinating pursuit which has rewarded the pains and researches of Mr. D. E. Hutchlns, chief conservator of forests for this colony, their labors will by no moans have been In vain. Altho our records only go back to 1841, they have sufficed for the establishing, and that most Incontrovertlbly, the fact that seasons of drouth and of abnormally abundant rains pos- sess an unfailing periodicity. Nor have the untold benefits derivable from tho prognostications, or forecasts, we are now enabled to make, been confined to this colony alone ; for, from a few simple meteorological observations — In which the barograph played an important part — made near Cape Town, Mr. Hutchlns was enabled to predict and forewarn the Gov- ernment of India of the failure of the monsoon rains there this year, thus affording them time to make preparations for coping with that most awful of all calamities, and which, alas I is now prevailing — a famine amongst the teeming native population — calculated at three hundred million souls ! The fact of the climatic conditions of two countries sep- arated from each other by a vast sea, and nearly 4,000 miles apart, being governed or Influenced by one factor, may serve as a hint to prospective cycle hunters on your side, not to con- fine their attention too closely to local surroundings, or to prominent local topographical features, though these may, of course. Influence in a greater or less measure the operations of the main factor, and which may have its origin some thou- sands of miles away. The vagaries of the Gulf Stream should (by the aid of Lieut. Maury's publisht researches) be studied In order to ascertain what amount of regularity there Is In Its Irregularities; for to Irregularities — regularly recurring — in the southeast trade winds is due the failure of the monsoon and the deplorable state of affairs obtaining In India to-day. It Is just possible, too, that great climatic variations on the continent of Norlh America may be not totally discon- nected— may, indeed, be possibly closely connected — with the great and regular meteorological disturbances obtaining every ten years (or is their storm cycle one of eleven years ? I do not remember just now) on the sister continent of South America, when prolonged and severe drouth carries off mill- Ions of cattle and sheep, millions more being destroyed by the heavy floods which regularly supervene. This fi.xt South American cycle may form valuable material for the North American cycle hunter to work on, considering the recent dis- covery, that absence of normal energy in the regular south- east summer winds (and, as shown by the barograph, their nature having become cyclonic) at the Cape of Good Hope, re- sulted In, or presaged, the failure of the crops on a continent 4,000 miles away ! You may somewhat despondently say that your climate, especially In the eastern States, is too Irregular and altogether too variable, defying all forecasts and calculations. So thought we, too, until Mr. Hutchins appeared on the scene and reduced the confused and perplexing data of meteorological records to order, and enabled every farmer to have the oracle at his elbow. Go ye and do likewise, oblivious of the fact that cycle hunting has of late years fallen somewhat Into discredit, owing to the poor results of much labor on the Sun Spot cycle in your hemisphere ; for new searchers, with a knowledge of the incalculably valuable results of Mr. Hutchlns' labors be- fore them may, likely as not, hap on something to aid a solu- tion of the problem which their predecessors in the field of Inquiry have overlookt. As a still further incentive I may mention that Mr. H. C. Russell, Government Astronomer of New South Wales, has, after much labor and research, succeeded in establishing a weather cycle for Australia. So we see that markt climatic changes can now with certainty be prediclted in South Africa, South America, Australia and India; and the discovery of regular periodicity In such markt variations being of so recent origin should, I think, greatly encourage the desire to work out a dependable cycle, or cycles, for your part of the world, too. I would suggest that a commission be appointed, includ- ing among Its members the four gentlemen above named, add- ing to the list such men as the Hon. R. L. Taylor and Prof. Cook. Let them carefully examine and collate all your past meteorological records, and see how markt changes In other parts of the world have synchronized hitherto with similar atmospheric variations in the States. If they examine as they needs must do, the shipping records, they will doubtlessly find a regularity in the recurrence of periods of an abnormal num- ber of casualties coinciding. In all likelihood, with abnormally wet seasons inland. Scientific men are not often smart men of business, but see how Mr. Hutchins once turned his ability to see Into the future to practical account, as appears in his forecast for 18U7. He says : " We shall have deluges of rain. Violent storms will rage over the whole of South Africa. Marine insurance shares may fall, as happened at the last storm cycle year, when I chanced to hold some of these shares, and seeing what was coming I sold them out and saved three shillings per share !" As a guide to prospective cycle hunters, let me show how Mr. Hutchlns set to work. By examining the rainfall records he found the average fall at the Royal Observatory, near Cape Town, to be 25 Inches a year; but he also noticed that cer- tain years showed a groat excess, thus : 1850 — 33 Inches; 1859— 30 inches; 1869— 32 Inches ; 1878— 41 Inches ; and 1888 — 36 inches. At first these periods seemed too Irregular to found a cycle on, till a little thought and closer observation showed them to be regularly Irregular, these years of heavy I89'i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 341 rains occurrinR every 9 and 10 years alternately. Here was a valuable discovery ! Our farmers, who have been struggling through three or four years of severe drouth, are now assured of an exceptionally wet season this year, such as they have not had since 1888, and they are rejoicing and planning in sure anticipation thereof accordingly. These unusually heavy rains will commence in .Tune — our winter— two or three fairly good years will follow; but then, alas ! wo have also the grim satisfaction of knowing — and It is perhaps one of those cases where blissful ignorance would be preferable to wisdom — that the three years Immediately preceding our next cycle year — 190") — when the influence of the last storm cycle year has past, will be seasons of bitter drouth. Still, tho the knowledge may not be palatable, we are at least forewarned, and can order our affairs accordingly, and lay up not for the proverbial wet, but for the coming dz-y day. Mr. Hutchins predicted an unusually wet winter for 1897, with a few good years to follow, as far back as 1887! How easily and re- liably could he not have answered the "Question-TSox," iutor- rogatory had it been propounded here ! I said just now, "Until the next cycle year — 1905." Among such as have been sufficiently interested to follow me thus far, there are some who may perhaps wish to correct me ; for Hutchins' storm cycle, it will be observed, is not due until 1907. True, but there have fortunately been other cycle hunters in the field, and only one very wet year out of 9 or 10 " Isn't good enough ;" so, as the following table shows, we have Meldrum's cycle, giving us an exceptionally rainy season every 12J.2' years. Further, we've the Sun Spot cycle, with a periodicity of something under 12 years. This table should prove instructive to those who may contemplate taking an active Interest In the subject : Bainfall at Ceres. South Africa. 1878 .i:i In.— Storm Cycle. 1888 62i4 In.— Storm Cycle. 1878 2914 1889 .37!4 1880 30— Meldrum's Cycle. isno .32 1881 325i 1891 31>i 1 882 32 1892 56— Meldrum's Cycle. 1883 44-Sun Spot Cycle. 1893 46 1884 ... 28 1894 37 1885 41 1895 57!4-Sun Spot Cycle. 1886 38ii 1896 25 1887 35(4 Meldrum's cycle would seem to have been a bit out of gear in ISSO, unless it's a misprint. Nor did the abnormally heavy rainfall of 1895 extend, as this year's will do, all over the colony. Still, on the whole, the theory serves. Now from this table it will be seen that Meldrum's next big rain year will be 1905, the Storm cycle's In 1907, and the Suu Spot's also In 1907 — pretty well all of a heap, like Brown's cows ! The result will be a series of splendid seasons, good harvests, cheap food, the milk streaming from the cows' udders, and the honey running out of the hive-entrances. Oh ! but we shall have to pay for it — unless we pay Nature's debt In the interim ; for, like a swarm of bees, these cycles have clustered together, and will go on together, separating only very gradually, for some time to come; this indicates long and severe drouths before their recurrence. Here again ignorance would have been bliss ; and many would perhaps gladly say with Paddy, who, when in a storm anxiously in- quired of the captain if he had an almanac on board, and beiug answered in the negative, despondently remarkt, "Then, sure, we'll have to take the weather as It comes." But I suppose we must e'en take the good and the bad to- gether, enjoying with becoming gratitude the one, and doing our best to be cheerful and resigned under the infliction of the other. I cannot help thinking but that with comparatively little labor a dependable cycle, or series of cycles, could be formu- lated for California, and perhaps also for Texas (two of your great honey-producing districts seemiugly). In the eastern States you have, I know, many local Interferences or sub- factors to contend with, and to take into consideration, such as your big lakes and the gulf stream ; but that there are fixt and immutable rules regulating your seasons on the whole, and regulating the seeming irregularities of that troublesome though beneficent gulf stream, there can be little doubt. Scan the shipping records along your eastern coast to be- gin with, and see If there is not a periodicity In years of numerically great casualties, and then compare with your rainfall records, and see if these abnormal shipping casualty years do not synchronize with seasons of abundant rains. I remember to have read somewhere that increase in force and volume of the gulf stream Is always accompanied by unusually stormy weather. So, then, it this increase occurs with any degree of regularity, Lieut. Maury's publlsht researches will probably afford the knowledge. I have little doubt but that a dependable cycle for both sides of your continent can be formulated with a little labor and care, when you will no longer need to propound such questions as the above, nor yet like Paddy, be forced to take the weather as it comes ; you will at least be able preparedly to meet It. But I fear I am growing tedious and taking up too much of your limited space. I wish success to any and all who may hereby be stimulated to embark on a cycle-searching tour, and predict for the whole of the United States a very wet sum- mer this year. South Africa. P. S. — Between 1900 and 1905 we are to have a spell of drouth such as has not been experienced In the colony since 1844. So you see our X rays almanac tells just what is in store for us, years in advance. S. A. D. Report of the North American Couveutiou Held at St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 10-12, 1894. REPOBTED BY LOUIS B. LIGHTON. (Continued from page 326 . The following is an essay In full, as written by the Secre- tary, Prank Benton, only an outline of which he gave at the convention : WHAT SHALL WE PLANT FOR HONEY ? One who travels over a few hundred miles of our country cannot but note the meager number of colonies of bees which help to add to the thrifty look of the homes of those who till the soil. He is forced to conclude that not one-tenth of the nectar produced Is gathered. More than nine-tenths of It are secreted but to be evaporated, to be reabsorbed by the plants, or to be collected by wild bees and other insects. Why, then, should we consider planting for honey ? The answer Is sim- ple. It is not often we can find one locality giving a continu- ous and abundant honey-flow from spring until fall, indeed such localities are very rare, and even if we find one which nearly or quite fulfils these conditions we may not be able to locate an apiary there. To bring the location we already have up to such a standard is what every one owning even a few colonies would be glad to do If at all practicable, and he Is es- pecially anxious to see his way clear to do this if he is the own- er of a home and expecting to remain there permanently and engage in the cultivation of bees. He wishes, moreover, to make his honey-crop a more certain one — to remove as far as he can all possibility of having to depend upon mere luck In connection with his chosen occupation. The solution of this question in its details must be a mat- ter for each bee-keeper to work out for himself. But experi- ment and actual practice have Indicated certain lines within which we may look for a measure of success in this direction, and certain others which will only lead to disappointment. My own experience of over a quarter of a century, as well as my observations among the bee-keepers of this country and of the more advanced nations of the Old World, lead me to the firm conviction that the systematic, advanced bee-cultivation of the future will, and must of necessity, be based largely upon the supplying of adddlMonal sources of pasturage for our bees be- sides those now existing, or, in some instances, in place of these — must fill the gaps, and. In so far as is possible In any branch of agriculture, must replace uncertainty with cer- tainty. I will merely indicate a few of the things we may plant and encourage others in planting with this object In view. From many of these we can hardly hope for great gain ourselves, but others — our children or our children's children — will bless us for the gift. Just here there comes to my mind a very pretty little French poem which I do not remember to have seen translated. Some careless young fellows riding along see a white-haired octogenarian planting trees and deride him for It, asking, "car au nom des dieux, je vous prie, quels fruits pouvez-vous en recuclllir ;"' (for, in the name of the gods, I ask you, what fruits can you gather from them?) The old man, pointing to 342 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 3, trees laden with fruit, replied : "Because some one planted before me, I am able to eat of these fruits." I shall start out with the proposition which I hardly think anyone will now dispute: That we know of no plant which, at the present prices of land and labor, we can possibly hope will return us, even under the most favorable circumstances, a crop of honey suflicient to repay its cultivation for honey alone. In other words, our honey-plant must be worth culti- vating for other reasons besides its honey-producing qualities. Indeed I have always been surprised that any one should have seriously entertained what I am tempted to call the chimeri- cal idea that any plant could be profitably cultivated for its honey alone. This excludes from my list many hundreds of plants which are good producers of honey but can yield us lit- tle or nothing beside, and though I may mention some of these as worthy of cultivation for ornament, in the main the honey they yield must be considered but a drop in the bucket. Again, certain honey-yielding plants ordinarily grown on a small scale in gardens, may, under favorable conditions, be raised extensively, I. e., made main crops with profit in two di- rections. Such are of course only to be considered of some account to the apiarist when so grown. Having thus restricted the list through rejection of many plants, I will proceed to re- fer to certain available plants, more In the way of suggestion than with the Idea, in the limited time at my command, of com- pleteness. In order to choose intelligently from such a list those plants or crops most likely to aid the bees in filling in their time to our profit, it will be necessary for each bee-keeper to make a most careful and thorough study of the honey-produc- ing flora of his locality. He should know the gaps in his list of honey-yielders — the periods that are to be filled in, and se- lect accordingly, due regard being also had to all other consid- erations, such as adaptability of the soil and climate to the crop, cost of cultivation, market for the resulting products, etc.. Including the permanent effect upon the fertility of the land used. I will class the plants I shall mention under three general headings : 1st, Those cultivated primarily for the forage, fruit, or seed they yield, and secondarily for their honey return ; 2nd, Those which are chiefly ornamental, but which also yield honey or pollen ; and 3rd, Those which should be made the subject of experiment. I. Plants fob forage, fruit, or seed, and honey. Perennials : — Apple (including Crab Apple), Apricot, Almond, Banana, Blackberry, Cherry (incl. Improved Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry, Prunus dmnissa). Cranberry, Currant, Gooseberry, Grape, Juneberry or Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis), Nectarine, Medlar (Mespilus), Orange (incl. Hardy Orange), Peach, Pear, Plum, Persimmon, Quince, Raspberry, Straw- berry. Of the fruit trees and shrubs just named, the apple is one of the excellent producers of fine clear honey. It would sure- ly be counted a great yielder if our bees were always in condi- tion to take advantage of it. As it is, few get any surplus from it. Their bees merely build up on it. This is where good wintering and early spring stimulation come in play. There have been some writers — perhaps even some of them still Insist on the same plan — who have said they wanted no brood in their hives before May. Even in Northern latitudes I prefer to have brood in January, so as to have young bees emerging in February and the months following. Then with good weather during fruit-bloom, the yield from apple, peach, and cherry, will more than replace the food consumed. The blossoms of the crab apple come rather in advance of the other apples and are much liked by the bees, while the improved cultivated varieties are a welcome addition to our fruits, and should be more generally planted. Almonds (Amygdalns commnnis) can be grown wherever peaches thrive. The hardshell varieties are hardier than the soft-shelled or paper. A variety introduced from Russia is said to be quite hardy everywhere. Bees work as diligently on almond as on peach blossoms. On the shores of tho Adria- tic sea It is counted an important harvest. The Banana, now coming into cultivation in the subtropi- cal parts of our country, is a great honey-secreter, and Its blossoms appear in succession during many months. The Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry has been improved by cultivation and Is not at all like our Eastern wild cherries, but similar to the sweet cultivated varieties. It is hardy in all sit- uations and very productive. The trees are laden with blos- soms in early spring to the great delight of the bees — and the bee-keeper ! The Juneberry or Serviceberry in some of its forms grows wild in nearly all parts of the Union, and is familiar no doubt to most of you, as well, also, as the fact that its time of blos- soming varies from February to May according to the locality and species or variety. It may not, however, be known that some of the State experiment stations have been testing the different sorts and have reported very favorably upon certain of them. The cultivated Juneberry derived from the Rocky Mountain variety or perhaps species (Amelanchier alnifolia) is really a meritorious fruit comparing very favorably with the huckleberry. The Improved Dwarf is probably from this western form. It is hardy everywhere and very productive. Besides its value for its fruit it is one of the most ornamental shrubs for a lawn, the white petals of the showy blossoms con- trasting well with the dark green glossy leaves. It grows from suckers which are so easily transplanted that certain nursery- men are already offering them as cheaply as currant bushes. Some discussion as to the quality as well as quantity of honey produced by the orange has taken place in apiarian journals within a year or two. But there can be only one side to the subject, for the orange, in countries where it is for sev- eral weeks the exclusive forage-plant of the bees, yields an im- mense amount of exceedingly fine honey — a quality. In fact, which is to be rankt among the finest honeys of the world. Several years' experience in bee-keeping in such countries en- ables me to speak positively concerning this. Those portions of our country adapted to the growing of the orange can look with certainty upon increast honey-returns and an excellent quality, too, as the orange-groves are extended. Many of our Northern friends are not aware that at a small cost they may raise as an ornament and for its fruit the Hardy Orange (Cit- rus trifoliata). This tree produces the same fragrant white blossoms as the ordinary orange, and fruits quite similar in appearance. The latter are, however, too acid for use except as lemons to make a cooling drink, or for marmalade. The tree may be used as a hedge plant, being dense, thorny and dwarf, or, trimmed up, is of exceeding beauty on the lawn, the blossoms continuing to appear all summer. It has with- stood a temperature of 18^ below zero as far north as New York. It fruits freely in Maryland. The Japanese or Satsu- ma Sweet orange, one of the mandarin class, is also half hardy, at least it has been raised as far north as North Carolina. The Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) deserves for Its large and excellent fruits to be more frequently planted in the Gulf States and westward. Bee-keepers located there should set the good example, for all of the dozen or more varieties in- troduced, furnish a rich feast for the bees early in the season. The Italian species (D. lotus) is said to succeed well also in Cal- ifornia. The native persimmon (D. virginiana), likewise a a good honey-yielder, is not often found wild in the Northern States but will thrive almost anywhere. The fruits after sharp freezing are much relisht by many — children especially. Se- lection and cultivation would improve them. Blackberry and strawberry I have never thought of much Importance as honey-yielders ; perhaps if no other sources were available at the time, the bees would get an appreciable return from them. The Cranberry (TaceuuiMJi macroearpow), is said to yield honey. I have never had an opportunity to verify this. The plant is closely related to others which are good producers. The Raspberry is a very important honey-plant. I do not think it has received the attention it merits. Every one, of course, knows that nice raspberries generally find a ready market; also how easy it is to raise them. A few acres well cared for will furnish an important addition to the bee-keep- ers income. The red is said by some to yield more honey than the black. But I think this is because more reports have come from the East where the red is more abundant In the wild state than the black. In the Middle Section there are regions where the black is most frequent, and I think it yields equally as well as the red. But a careful comparative test would be necessary to decide this. The quality of raspberry honey Is superb ; it is clear like crystal, thick, and has a delicious, berrylike flavor. As the plant blossoms two or three weeks after apple and other fruit trees, the weather is likely to have become settled and the colonies are sure to be more populous — ready to take advantage of this incomparable feast, and all other honey-plants — even the famous clovers— are neglected for the modest, noddlngr aspberry, so rich in nectar. (Continued next week.) Xlie ItlcEvoy Foul Brood Treatment is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational 'Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 343 CONDUCTED BT rmt. O. O. MIT.T^EIi. MARMnaO, ILL, LQuestlODS may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Sweet Clover in an Orcliard. Will sweet clover be injurious to an orchard ? As it is such a vigorous grower, it has seemed to me that it might iu- jure fruit trees by taking the moisture from them, like alfalfa. Ohio. An'swku. — The same objection that holds against any growing crop in an orchard will hold against sweet clover. If kept cut down or fed down, it would be neither better nor worse than grass of the same growth. Against Adulteration — Perhaps too Crowded. 1. I have never heard anything about stopping adultera- tion in New York State. When they get ready to do so, I will be ready to help with all I can do, if I have to work out nights to get funds to help put it down. 2. I have four colonies of bees this spring ; three are doing splendidly, but the other one hangs around the entrance, and partly stand on their heads, fluttering their wings. What is the cause ? New York. Answers. — 1. The thing that you can do most appro- priately and effectively to put down adulteration, if you have not already done so, is to send a dollar to Tir. A. B. Mason, or to Geo. W. York, to make you a member of the New Union, which is especially designed to put down adulteration. Every dollar that goes in as a membership fee will help the chances for a systematic attack upou the whole adulteration business. If New York be the best point for first attack, no doubt that will be selected, but wherever the attack is made, it will pave the way to be followed up in other States. 2. Probably if you open up a larger entrance, or raise the hive on little blocks, the bees will get down off their heads and fold up their wings. The colony is probably strong, the entrance contracted, and the hive too warm, so a sufficient number of bees is detailed to stand at the entrance and fan with their wings so as to cool off the hive. A '• Sweet Sixtcen's " Dozen Questions. 1. If a ripe queen-cell is inserted in a hive that has just cast a swarm, will the bees tear it down, or will the queen- cell hatch and the young queen tear down the remaining cells ? 2. Are pure Italian drones any differently markt than hybrid drones ? 3. Are drones reared from the (laughter of a pure Italian queen that has mated with a hybrid drone as good as those reared from a purely-mated Italian queen. 4. How would it work to have queen-cells started in a queenless colony, and have them tinisht in the upper story of a colony containing a laying queen below, with a queen-cii- cludlng honey-board between, and not under the swarming impulse, as per Mr. Doolittle's plan ? 5. Would a virgin queen be accepted in a colony that has just cast a swarm 7 (>. Is there any safe way to Introduce a virgin queen to a full colony or nucleus? If so. how can I do it? 7. Are the bees of queens brought from the North to the South any more apt to be hardy than those brought from the South to the North ? 8. Which will produce the best results, oatural swarming or artificial ? 9. Will the bees be just as gentle, as good workers, and as hardy if pure Italian leather-colored bees are crost with pure yellow 3-banded stock or 5-bauded stock, as either race would be if alone ? 10. Does it improve the stock to buy Italian queens from different breeders and mix.them with pure Italians ? 11. How can I determine as to whether a queen Is bred from a purely-mated mother when she Is mated with a hybrid drone ? 12. Are drones bred from the daughter of a pure Italian queen that has mated with a hybrid drone, as pure as those reared from a purely-mated Italian queen ? F. C, Gait, Mich. P. S. — This is my third year In the bee-business. I am 16 years old, and am intensely interested in bees. Answers. — 1. Bees are somewhat freaky, and sometimes tear down cells of their own starting, while others are allowed to stand, but, as a rule, if you insert a queen-cell in a hive from which a swarm has just issued, it will be allowed to go on to maturity, providing it is older than any other in the hive. Whether the young queen which emerges from the cell of your inserting is allowed to kill all her rivals or be forced to issue with a swarm, depends upon circumstances, chiefly the strength of the colony. The main point in the question is that the bees will treat the cell you insert about in the same way as if it had been one of their own construction, but prob- ably it will not be quite so sure of being undisturbed as if it had been present from the start. 2. They are likely to have more yellow on them, but the marking of drones is not as constant as that of workers. 3. The drone is practically of the same blood as his mother, no matter what the mating may have been. 4. Sometimes all right, and sometimes all wrong. The chances of success may be increast by making the separation from the brood-nest greater. Lay a cloth or a piece of tin over the excluder, merely allowing the bees to go up through the outside perforations, or else have three or four stories and have the cell in the upper story. 6. Generally. Perhaps always, if the " princess," as the English call her, is young enough. Indeed a young queen just out of the cell will be accepted in any colony, even if a laying queen be present, but she will likely be killed when she is a few days old if a laying queen is present. 6. Simply take one just out of the cell and place it right on the brood-comb among the bees. You may also succeed with one of any age, in the following manner : Make sure that there has been no unsealed brood In the hive for 48 hours; go to the hive just after bees have stopt flying in the evening, and quietly drop the queen on top of the frames, allowing her to crawl down. 7. The probability is that there is no difference noticeable. 8. That's a question for each one to settle for himself. On page 291 Prof. Cook says : "We used to hear a good deal about dividing bees, or artificial swarming, but in these latter days I think very few attempt any increase except by natural swarming." Apparently the good Professor thinks because little is said about it nowadays it is little practiced, a conclu- sion that is hardly warranted. We used to hear much about the advantage of movable-frame hives, and nowadays little is said about it, but it does not follow that " very few " use such hives. On the very next page C. Davenport, who produces honey on a large scale, says : "In producing comb honey, instead of allowing natural swarming I prefer dividing, or artificial swarming, and I can by this means obtain better re- sults with less work," but he thinks the inexperienced may do better with natural swarming. Last year I made an increase of 121, and had only two or three natural swarms, one of which sailed away while I was trying to get it into the hive. Neither do I think Mr. Davenport and myself are alone in this matter. But some of our best bee-keepers prefer natural swarming. 9. I think likely, but X don't know. 10. Yes, providing you don't get inferior stock. 11. Y'ou can't do it all. 12. If this is the same as question 3, you have the answer there. If you mean drones from a queen whose mother was Impurely mated, then the drones are not pure. A Neiv Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get it yearly. .*- •■ ♦- NO'W is the Time to work for new subscribers Why not take advantage of the offer made on page 346 ? 344 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 3, CBORGE: W^. YORK, • Editor. PtTBLIBBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, US JldTioliig^an St., - CHICAGO, ILI^. fl.OO a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Po»t-Offlce at ChlcaEO as Second-Class Mall-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers^ Ujiioii. Organized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture; to promote the interests of bee-beepers : to protect its members ; to prevent the adulteration of honey: and to prosecute the dishonest honey-commiasion men. Membership Fee— S1.00 Per Annum. Executlvet Committae, President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Wuitcomb. Secretary- Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Hoard of Directors. E. Whitcomb. E. T. Abbott. C. P. Dadant. E. R. Root. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller Gen^riil jilanni^or and TrGasurer, Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. VoiniVIl CHICA&O, ILL, JUNE 3, 1897. No, 22, Editorial Oon}n}cr)i^^ Time ot the BufTalo Meeting.— A subscriber asks the following question : Mr. Editor: — When is the big convention to be at Buf- falo, and what will the round trip from Chicago cost? Patrick. It has practically been decided that the Buffalo conven- tion will be held the last week in August. The exact dates are not yet arranged, but will be announced later. The Grand Army rate from Chicago is one cent a mile each way at that time. The distance from Chicago to Buffalo is 600 miles. That would make the round trip cost $12 from here. Cheap enough ! We hope soon to be able to give fuller information con- cerning the Buffalo meeting. ■*-»*■ The Old Union and Adulteration.— In a pri- vate letter. Dr. Mason, Secretary of the New Union, wrote us as follows concerning Prof. Cook's suggestion that the Old Union take up the subject of honey-adulteration : " I bellevp Prof. Cook Is ' off his base ' in urging that the National Bee-Keepers' Union take up the matter of adultera- tion ; and that Mr. Newman is right in the stand he takes, that the funds of the Old Union were not contributed for that purpose, and as there Is an organization In the field, the prin- cipal object of which is to look after that matter. It Is not wise for the National Union to enter that field. To be sure, the constitution of the National Union gives the Advisory Board the power to use the funds for any purpose It sees fit, that will benflt bee-keepers, but It seems to me It would be a very unwise move to act In accordance with Prof. Cook's sug- gestion, for the Old Union itself has but recently voted not to do that very thing, and that was what brought the United States Bee-Keepers' Union Into existence. So, under the circum- stances, I believe Mr. Newman is right, and Prof. Cook is wrong; and as a member of the National Union, I am most decidedly opposed to the Advisory Board going contrary to the exprest wish of the Old Union, as shown by the two to one vote of last .fanuary. " Had Prof. Cook been as anxious about the adulteration matter last fall, as he seems to be now, I fully believe that the New Constitution would have been adopted by the Old Union, and there would now be but one national organization." We concur in all that Dr. Mason says. The majority of the Old Union's members, at the last election, practically voted to have that organization stick to its original object — that of defending bee-keepers in their right to keep bees. As one of the members of the Old Union we submitted gracefully to the will of the majority, tho we did, and do yet, object to the unfair means used by the General Manager to secure the majority of the votes against the New Constitution, which. If adopted by the Old Union, would have placed that organiza- tion right with the New Union in all its grand objects for the protection of all bee-keepers and all their interests. Score Another for the New Union.— A honey-producer had in Pennsylvania shipt some honey to an Ohio commission firm, and could get no returns. When send- ing his membership fee to Secretary Mason, he inquired about the reliability of the firm. He was written concerning what had been done by Dr. Mason for another bee-keeper, and was askt to forward the firm's letters. He did so, and the Doctor wrote them as Secretary of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, telling the objects of the New Union, and that their patron was a member of the Union ; that it expects to stand by its members, especially where dishonest commission men were concerned. The result was that the firm "came down" handsomely, and the shipper will get his pay. That's the kind ot work we want done for bee-keepers who are likely to lose their honey. It will pay to become a member of the New Union. Better join at once, and be ready to call upon It when in trouble.. An Early Chicago Swarm.— There are quite a good many bees kept within the city limits of Chicago, and yet so well do they attend to their own affairs that scarcely any one knows of their existence here. We had an early swarm this year — It issued Sunday, May 16. We had purchast a few colonies as a speculation, the day before, and kept them in the yard with our others for a few days, and while there one of them sent out the swarm. Of course they didn't know any better than to swarm on Sun- day. Our own bees are "trained" to keep Sunday better than that ! Why, we wouldn't have bees that would be so naughty as to swarm on Sunday ! But we hived that Sunday swarm, on Sunday, just the same ! It was a very small one, perhaps a quart. It had set- tled on the side of a big hole In the ground In a vacant lot adjoining, and we simply set a hive with the entrance up against the swarm, and soon had them all on four empty combs. But they didn't stay. The next day, about noon, Mrs. York telephoned us to come home (six miles away), for the bees were swarming ! Sure enough, there was that same Sunday-fracturing swarm hanging on a small tree. This time in a Manum swarm catcher we carried them back to their hive, and dumpt them on top of the frames. But to have no more of their leaving home we just gave them a nice frame of hatching brood, and that kept them all right, and they are doing well. Too many baby bees around then for them to desert again. Even Chicago bees have a little feeling left. They are not quite as bad as some of the politicians at Spring- field. May 16 Is pretty early for swarming In this locality, but 1S97. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 345 Chicago bees are hustlers. They seem to catch something of the business spirit of the people who live here, tho most of the folks seem to be In too big a hurry to collect the dollars, to live as they ought to. A bee-keeper living a few miles south of Chicago had young drones flying May 7. Nothing slow or lazy about that. * » » The Subject of Foul Brood is quite an impor- tant one In many States — especially in Wisconsin — so much so that Mr. N. E. France, the Official Foul Brood Inspector for that State, requests us to republish for the benefit of the many bee-keepers there, some of tho articles that appeared in the American Bee Journal in 1893 and 1894, by that e.'jpert foul-brood exterminator, Mr. Wm. McEvoy, of Canada. We shall be glad to comply with Mr. France's request, as it will also be very profitable for all the new readers that have been added to our list the past two or three years, and those that are now subscribing. We begin this week with a republication of the new Foul Brood Law recently past by the Wisconsin Legislature, which is considered by Mr. McEvoy to be a model one for other States to follow in their efforts to secure the passage of a law on the subject of foul brood. We now offer the Bee Journal the balance of the year to 7i€U) subscribers for only aO cents. This will give each one seven months' numbers, and will include all the foul brood articles that will be republisht this month and next. It is a good time for our present readers to get their bee-keeping friends to subscribe. Here is the law now in force in our neighboring State : THE WISCONSIN FOOL BEOOD LAW. AN ACT for the suppression of foul brood among bees in Wisconsin. The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : APPOINTMENT. Section 1.— Upon the recommendation of a majority vote of the members of the bee-keepers' societies of Wisconsin, the Governor shall appoint for a term of two years a State inspec- tor of apiaries, who shall, if required, produce a certificate from the Governor that he has been so appointed. DUTIES. Sec. 2. — The inspector shall, when notified, examine all reported apiaries, and all others in the same locality not re- ported, and ascertain whether or not the disease known as foul brood exists in such apiaries ; and if satisfied of the ex- istence of foul brood, he shall give the owners or care-takers of the diseased apiaries full instructions how to treat said cases, as In the inspector's judgment seems best. DESTRUCTION OF BEES. Sec. 3. — The inspector, who shall be the sole judge, shall visit all diseased apiaries a second time, and, if need be, burn all colonies of bees and combs that be may find not cured of foul brood. VIOLATIONS. Sec. 4. — If the owner of a diseased apiary, honey, or appliances, shall sell, barter, or give away, any bees, honey, or appliances, or expose other bees to the danger of said dis- ease, or refuse to allow said inspector to inspect such apiary, honey, or appliances, said owner shall, on conviction before a justice of the peace, be liable to a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or not less than one month's imprisonment in the county jail, nor more than two mouths' imprisonment. ANNUAL REPORT. Sec. 5. — The inspector of apiaries shall make annual re- port to the Governor of Wisconsin, giving the number of api- aries visited, the number of diseased apiaries found, the num- ber of colonies treated, also the number of colonies destroyed by fire, and his expenses. EXPENSES. Sec. 6. — There Is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the Slate treasury, not otherwise appropriated, a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars per year, for the suppression of foul brood among bees in Wisconsin. Said inspector shall receive four dollars per day, and traveling expenses, for actual time served, which moneys shall not exceed the moneys hereby appropriated, to be paid by the State treasurer, upon warrants drawn and approved by the Governor. Sec. 7.— This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved April 1, 1897. Tl?e Weekly Budget Mr. W. C. Lyman, of Dupage Co.. III., writing us May 28, said : "Bees are doing well. First swarm May 10; another May 26. Good prospect for honey." Editor Hutchinson and Wife (of the Bee-Keepers' Re- view), spent an afternoon recently with Dr. A. B. Mason and family at Toledo, Ohio. Of course it was an enjoyable visit all around. Mr. T. F. Bingham— the big bee-smoker man — writing us May 21, said : "Bees are breeding up good, but the cool weather so far has cut of all the tree-bloom honey." Mr. John Craig, of Macoupin Co., III., on May 27, sent us the first white clover blossoms we had seen this year. Shouldn't wonder if there'd be some white clover honey this year — something there hasn't been much of the past few years. Mr. a. E. Sherrington, of Ontario, Canada, wrote May 17: "This is a grand spring for the bees. Everything looks splendid." Mr. C. a. Sutherland, one of our subscribers in Jamaica, W. I., reports that on April 22, while he was away in the in- terior looking after some business for a few days, on his return home he found his stores and honey-house entirely burnt out, with everything in connection with his apiary. This is a serious loss, indeed. We trust Mr. Sutherland may soon recover from it. The Busy Bee, edited and publisht by Emerson Taylor Abbott, of Missouri, is on our desk. It is a continuation of The Nebraska Bee-Keeper, and will be Issued monthly at 50 cents a year — "devoted to farm bee-keeping and other minor interests of progressive agriculture." Mrs. Emma Ingoldsby Abbott conducts the "Home Department." It is 6x9 inches in size, and contains 16 pages. Mr. a. M. Runion, of Batson, S. C, writes us that about a month ago he had the misfortune to lose by fire his entire dwelling house and other smaller buildings, besides 28 colo- nies of bees out of 40, together with ail fixtures and appli- ances. It was a total loss of some !?1, 500, as no insurance was carried. He advises bee-keepers "to keep their bees at a safe distance from might-be fires.'' Our advice to all is : Keep at least a little insurance on all your burnable property. Hon. Eugene Secor hasn't had much chance yet to show how well he can fill the position of General Manager of the New Union, but one prominent bee-keeper, in an eastern State, referring to his letter to the Postmaster General, in last week's Bee Journal, wrote us : "It is straightforward and businesslike, and I must say I feel pleased with his work so far." Mr. Secor is ready to do a lot of " pleasing," if bee- keepers will create a proper fund to fall back upon. Messrs. R. H. Schmidt & Co., of Wisconsin, when promptly remitting on their advertising account, May 28, wrote : "Keep our advertisement standing until we tell you to stop. The American Bee Journal is ' the stuff.' It makes our factory hum." There are quite a number of bee-supply dealers and man- ufacturers whose advertisements ought to be found in every number of the Bee Journal. But perhaps they don't care to have their business " hum," as do the above firm. The Bee Journal is ready to help any and every honest business man, through its advertising columns. 34:6 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June S. Sweet Sacred SoDgs 59 SELECTIONS-259 PAGES. Full Sheet Music Size. Lane, Beautiful, Valnalile. -^m. ^•^ A Siiperl] Collection of Music. This |8 a Collection of the Best and Most Topular Devotional Selections sathered from the Greatest Composers of Sacred Music. The only bound collection of devotional eelections full sheet music size. £!) splendid pieces of sheet music for less than one-half cent a copy. AVIiat Others Saj' oi' It. "The refining Influence of music in almost any form is generally acknowledged, but most of us are unable to appreciate ' Songs without words ' Therefore, every publication which serves to wed the poetry of the heart to the compositions of musical masters is a blessing. As such, I esteem the collection entitled ' Sweet Sacred Songs ' very highly." - A, J. Canfield, Pastor St. Paul's Church, Chicago. "It is no false pretense to claim that this Is ' a collection of the best and most popular devotional selections gathered from the greatest composers of Sacred Music' It is a casket of precious gems that ought to be in every choir, and in every home where there are lovers of sacred song."— P. S. Henson, Pastor First Baptist Church, Chicago. " It is a choice collection of the finest devo- tional music now in general use In church choirs and among singers in the home. We know of no collection of sucred music now be- fore the public which contains so large a number of the finest compositions in sacred 80Dg publlsht at such a moderate price." — J. T. Cantwell, Editor of The Universallet The Table of Contents. Baster Eve Gounod Consider the Lilies Topllff I Know That My Redeemer Liveth Handel LeB Rameaux [Palm Branches] Faure IntheCross Prescott Ave Maria Gounod But the Lord is Mindful of His Own Mendelssohn Come Ye Disconsolate Dutton Flee as a Bl rd Dana Watchman, Tell Os of the Night Gounod HeGlveth His Beloved Sleep Abt Glory to Thee, My God. This Night.. ,Gounod Emmanuel Rodney Hock of Ages Barrl The King of Love My Shepherd Is Gounod Forever With the Lord Gounod The Soft Southern Hree/.cs Barnby The Prodigal Son Parker Angels Ever Bright and Fair Handel The Angel's Lullaby Uarrl Star of liethlehem Adams Not a Sparrow Falleth Abt Rockt In the Cradle of the Deep Knight A Crown of Glory Tours if With All Your Hearts, etc Elijah .lerusalem Parker The Better Land Cowen The Angel Rubinstein Land of Rest Plnsutl I Love to Hear My Savior's Voice Glover Calvary Rodney Christmas Bells Gade Christmas Chimes Richards Behold the Star Labadler Nearer My God to Thee Barton Father of Mercies Barringer The New Kingdom Tours Savior, Breathe an Evening Blessing. Spencer Remember, Lord. Thy Gracious Word ..- Northrup Angel Footsteps Addison A Dream of Paradise Gray Child's Missionary Song Bullock Keep on Ballevlng Bullock Weary Gabriel Remember, O Lord Morey Take Up the Cross and Follow Me Petrle Praise the Lord of Heaven Morey I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say Morey O Praise the Lord Morey Forsake Me Not G lover Lord. Thy Glory Fills the Heavens ..Woolley Tired Lindsay The Garden of Prayer itey Babylon Watson The Golden Path • Pai ker Come Unto Me Cowen Peace, Troubled Heart Tostl O 'vnt brassatnl are rnili.iilly iiuU-slMietililc. Kvery hukeol tlie handle works Ihvagi- itnr as will he seen in cut. Lon^ i- makes it work tasv. Will supply 1 or 3 leads of Valuahloh.iokun ■ilow &>Vhen tn Spniy." frke. E GOULDS MFC. CO. lOvid St., SENECA FALLS, N. Y. Jlfentfon the American Bee Journal, linncU. TH 1' 405t A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eggs perfectly through warm weather, ju.'it as good as fresh ones for cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for :.'5 cents a do/.en. You can preserve them for ahout 1 oiMit per dozen. Now Is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- mation- »r. A. R. IflA!«ON, ;i."il2 Monroe Street, ■ Toi.kdo, Ohio. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 347 Questioi^'Box* In tbe multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Proper SVi.e of Comb Foundation Slarlcr§ for Sccllon§. Qnery 5U— What sized foundation starters should be used In the sections?— Ohio. P. H. Elwood— B^ull size. W. G. Larrabee — Full sheets. A. F. Brown — I prefer full sheets. E. France — Very nearly a full sheet. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I till tbe sections 4/5 full. Dr. C. C. Miller — I have always liked fillinK tbe sections as full as possible. J. A. Green — Fill the sections full. A piece Z}i inches square Is about right. Prof. A. J. Cook — I like nearly full, reaching within half an inch of the bot- tom. Rev. M. Mahin — Opinions differ. My personal preference Is for narrow starters. Mrs. L. Harrison — It depends upon the market; for tbe hotne market, }i inch, or %. C. H. Dibbern — As large as the inside of the sections, except a H inch space at the bottom. H. D. Cutting— I have used all sizes and shapes, but prefer full sheets if the foundation is all right. K. Ij. Taylor — I greatly prefer to fill the sections — I.e., to fill as nearly as is safe, so the larger the starter, the better. Jas. A. Stone — Before I would want to advise in this, I would want to know whether ion wanted the honey for show or no;. (t. M. Doolittle — From a V-shaped piece having IJj-inch length sides, to sections filled to within '4 inch of the bottom, just as you can afford. Dr. A. B. Mason — I would put a nar- row strip of foundation at the bottom of the section, and then a full sheet reach- ing nearly to the strip at the bottom. Emerson T. Abbott — If I were work- ing for fjunntity, I would fill the sections with foundation ; if for giuillty only, for • home consumption, very small starters. Eugene Secor — I like full sheets best. What I mean by that is, sheets lacking V inch of touching sides and bottom. I seldom see first-class looking honey pro- duced from starters or no starters. J. E. Pond — For myself, I use founda- tion to fill the sections completely. Others use starters of various widths. It is to some extent a matter of opinion. Try various widths from an inch to a full section, and determine the matter for yourself. J. M. Hambaugh — Some of our 'best honey-producers use just enough to in- sure a straight "start off." I believe it will pay to nearly or quite fill the sec- tion, provided you can safely secure It; and use " extra thin," of about 12 square feet to the pound. G. W. Demaree — Cut the foundation into pieces 3li inches square, then cut from corner to corner. This will give four V-shaped pieces to each square. The work can be done rapidly by cut- ting through a number at a time. This plan will give you nice V-shaped starters — the most luitnrnl thing for the bees. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can funiijh 'Wbitc Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, ou board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7i4 cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, G}4 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Pine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. EW A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and ■whitest Bass'wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the Ameiicaa Bee.TourDal. TAtf BEE-KEEPEES SUPPLIES We make The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free Iliiislrated Catalog and Price-List. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Ageut for the Southwest"^- ^- "^^^^T Joseph, mo. Mr. Abbott sells our Hives and Sections at Factory Prices. That Queen-Clipping Device Free I CouldnH Do TVltbont It. I hare clipped 19 queens, and must say the Monette Queen-CIlpping Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as It was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. L.\cke, Newburgh, Ind. WorkN Like a Cbarm. The Monette QueenCUpplng Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it I bavo clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examining my bees. Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us ;''«( "IAI.S. Chuac.o. Ill , May 3, 1897. G. R. McCartnky. Kockford. 111. Dear Sir: — Your Foundation Fastener and Section Press works to perfection. It not on- ly cuts the foundailon any desired iengrth. but presses the same in such a manner to the sec- tion that It never can pet loose. The work be- injr very accurate, operation easy, and the price very modeiate. I ordered another of your machines. No apiary running for comb honey should be without one. very truly yours, L. Kreutzinqer. Norwood Park, 111., May 4, 1897. Mr. McCartnev— Dear Sir:— The machine I bought of you works like a charm, especially when I use top and bottom starters. It is so easy to operate it Is a pleasure to work with it. I would not take double the price it cost. If I could not get another one. Yours truly, W. B. Blume. PecatoniCA. Ill , May 11, 1897. G. K. McCartney, Kockford. 111. Dear Sir:— I like the machine very much. It surpasses my expectations, and I could not do without it. It is a dandy. Yours truly, H. W. Lee. t^" Address for further information— G. R. MCCARTNEY, 1215 South West St., ROCKFOKU, ILL. Mention the American Bee JoutvwA. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5tti lOtt) 25ft 50ft Alsike Clover 70 $1.25 $.3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Tour orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YOBK & Co. CHICAGO, ILL. TRANSFERRING^^ If you contemplate buying either three or Ave band Italian Queens, tlmply write for my pamphlet. If you need some of the best now, send 75 cts. for one. $4.00 for six, or 17.50 per doz.— and full instructions for introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be -^ent free. Money Order olHce— Warrenton. W. H. FKIDREN, 21A13t Creek, Warren Co , N. C. Metawm the .Aniencan Bee ■Jowfna.i, Bee -Hives, Sections, Sbipplng- Cases- everything used by bee- V keepers. Orders filled promptly. ■ Send for catalog MU'iVESdT.l llEE- ■ KEEPERS' SIPPI,V MF(i. C(l., Nicollet Island, Miuueapolls, Minn. 22Atf CHA8.MONDENG.Mgr. Mni\\\ HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lUlll k) Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bek-Keepers' Suppi.iKS in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. "PracUcal HIiUm " will bo mailed for 10c. In stamps. Apply to— Chas. F. Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. aimtimi the American Dee Jimmal. PCC I^CCDCDC ? Let me send you my 64. DtL'M.l.rLnO I page Catalog for 18vl7. J. m. Jciibliii), Wetumpka, Ala. .IXentUm the A.merUia/n Bee Journal, Qej^eral licn)s^ Swarming and Working. I have had two swarms to date. Bees are working fine. Chas. Becker. Sangamon Co., 111., May 22. Honey Prospect Fine. Bees here have been swarming for three weeks, and the prospect for honey is fine. W. A. Finlay. Pueblo Co., Colo., May 20. Bees in Fine Condition. Bees are in fine condition colonies. The first swarm U, and I have had 5 since. James C. Pollock Greene Co., Pa., May 24. I have 30 issued May Plenty of White Clover. This will be a good year for bees If the weather ever gets warm. My bees wintered well, losing only one colony out of 29. There is plenty of white clover this year. D. R. Rosebrough. Clark Co., 111., May 24. Good Prospect for Fruit. Bees are doing fine. The blackberry is in full bloom. I have never seen a better prospect for fruit than there is here. Some of my bees swarmed May 22, but the queen would not come out of the hive, so they all went back. I have persuaded the farmers to sow sweet clover, and try feeding it to the hogs. White clover Is in bloom here. John Craig. Macoupin Co., 111.. May 22. Another Entrance Feeder. On page 289, a Mr. S. A. Deacon (probably meaning a South African Dea- con) describes an entrance feeder that he uses, which seems to me to be rather fussy kind of a thing, but it may seem very simple to him. But let that be as it may, inasmuch as so many have given their plans of feeding, both inside and at the entrance of the hive, 1 wish to give a brief description of an entrance feeder that I have used for the last four years, which I think is a simple, easy and safe way of feeding. Get a little tindlsh, made say 8 inches long, 3}i wide, and li-i inches deep; then take an empty cigar-box — take the lid and one side off — fill the dish as full as it can be handled without spilling, set it down on the bottom-board in front of the entrance, put a float on it for the bees to stand on, then put the cigar-box over the dish and press it in tight against the front of the hive. The bees can reach the dish only from the inside of the hive. It takes but a few seconds to fill the dish, sot It down and cover it, and It doesn't disturb the bees In the least. This, of course, should be done In the evening, and it Is well to go around the hives In the morning and lift the dishes and leave the entrance open. If the dishes are empty, set them upon the hive ready for the next feed- ing. But If not empty, take them to the bee-bouse and set them away until ^^^>'#^:r'^.^T~'^'^ for the seasons operations on the farm, and one which will yield the most satisfying re- turns is to thoroughly renovate and rejuvinate the system by the aid of that time tested and (eliable remedy It quickly corrects that clayed condition of the liver so pro- ductive of Biliousness and Dyspepsia after the long win- ter of inactivity. In addition to the above good qualities it is a positive cure for BRIGHT'S DISEASE URINARY TROUBLES FEMALE COMPLAINTS GENERAL DEBILITY AND MALARIA. Beware of substitutes. There is nothing "just as good" as Warner's Safe Cure Mention the American Bee Jo'i'/nw/U Pacific Coast Bee-Keepers ! liUY XOUR Dovetailed Cedar Hives Direct from the Factory. Guaranteed equal to the best goods on the market. Send lor Prlce-Llst. Bawson & Earner, Centralia, Wash. 10A13t Mention the Am. Bee Journal. California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowera Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Oopy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. t>ACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. OAL, VoitMn 'fit imcrLcan Bcc Jom'iial. Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Koot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and got price. ni. U. HUIVT, Bell Brunch, Mlcli. One Cent When answerino this advertisement, mention rmh OKItKKS filled by nlurii iiiiiil or rrpigiit for A. 1. Hoot Go's Surri.iKS. Our choice .strain Italian Queens; 1, '2 & •! fr. nuclei If In a hurry for Supplies, send us your orders. .'iO-pai^-e ijat ttltt^- Kroo. Jno. Nebel &. isou, HlBh UlU, Mo. Mention the Amtrican Bee Journal. 4Atf 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 349 '-OS mii 3UIM N3A0M 3N0iSA3!l ■iioi pnJ4t« •Sumi-OoA^ sujuj— qanj ssqoui gg oj 05 *sonj oaw puTJ ji 9SU o\\.\\ esoiu jo -joipjaA aqj sj 5Bt(x ..•30N3J ±03Jd3d ONV QOOD V SI auiM N3Ao/v\ 3NOXSA3M,, .*- >* '"\V,'^'*jf ^'" ■ ^-•- yS5!! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello-w Beesivax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want castii promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. llSMichigranst., CHICAGO, ILL. QUEENS Smokers. Sections , Comb Foundation, And all Aplalrsn Suppil«t F ^— ^ cheap. 8«D<1 for . KK££ aulogae. B. T. FLANitlAfi, Bellerillc, III. 13A13t Please mentlou tbe Bee Journal. We have a few of these Emerson stiff cloth- board binders for the American Bee Journal. They make a splendid permanent binding, and hold a full jear's numbers. The old price was 7-5 cts.. postpaid, but we will mail you one for only 60 cts., or with the Bee Journal for one year— both together for SI. 50. 16 TO I AGAIN. An Illinois farmer writes for an aceDcr for our fence. Has had some in use several years and his next uelKhbor has aretruIarobje <-:-^»-A An Iionent, efnctent YfillowT-nnpti • remedy for all Fevers, •> * ^1,*°^^°?*^^ ♦ Headaches, Colds, Neu^ tF.pr hm imi imr g ^algla, Grip. Rheuma- -^•:-> ^-:-^>-T tiem, etc. A general service remedy that'll please you, cm money refdnded. •' It's a rare pleasure to find such a remedy." '■ Too much cuiiiiot be said in praise of thera." 1 Box, 25c.; (i Boxes, Jl; most orders are $1. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15 Atf Please mention tbe Bee Jourual. CLOSING OUT PRICES ON FIRST-CIi.ASS GOODS. 10 No. 1 K Uov. Hives. 8-Irame. 10 No. IE- •• 10 •• 17.50 8.50 Best PoUsht Sections $2.50 per M. Other Goods In proportion. Let me make an estimate on your wants. W. J. Finch, Jr. , Chesterfield, Ills. lOAl.'Jt Mention the Am. Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION CO-^l^-JATiON Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In aipplng, Cuttlng-oir, Mi- tring, Kabbetlng, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing. Kdglng-up. Jointing Stu£t, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery Solil on Trial. Catalofoe Free. SKNEriA FALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. T. lAly Mtntiu,.theAmeriranBeeJoumaH, Italian Queens "' ^Viir Untested, 50c. ; Tested, $1.00. Nuclei. 'J frame. $3.00, Including a good Queen. Bees by the Pound. E. li. CARKI>G TON, -'2Atf De Fnuiab Sprtnsa, Fla. A Special Booklet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a special offer on booklets on Bees. Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 cents we will mall any 6 of the list below: and for $1.25 we will mall the whole dozen : 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 25c 2. Poultry for Market and Profit 25c 3. Turkeys for .Market and Proflt 25c 4. Our Ponltry Doctor .'iOc 5. Capons and Caponlzng 30c e. Hand-Bookot Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25c 7. Kendall's Horse. Book 25c .S. Kural Life 25c 9. Kopp's Commercial Calculator 25c 10. Foul Bi'ood. by Kohnke 25c 11. Silo and Silage, by Prof Cook 25c 12. BlenenKultur. by Newman 40c GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS CARLOADS or Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everylblng used in tbe Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer. lea. I supply Dealers as well as con.umers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. 'W. H. PUTNAM, HivER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. WMCM Answerinq This aovertischent, mention TmB jouwuiu 350 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 3, people Dot to do so. But if they had to pay for so doiiiR, perhaps they would think of other people's rights. Our scarlet clover is entirely winter- killed, so I guess we will have to give that up, as we have given it several trials, sowing in June, July, August and September, in the corn and by itself. It lookt very fine last fall, that which came up of itself after the crop went to seed the last spring. It seems to heave out by the roots in winter. Mrs. L. C. Axtei.l. Warren Co., 111., May 21. BEES FOR SALE. We can supp y Good Full Colonies oT Ital- ian Reea In 8-frame Liinjrstroth hives. They are in Lee Co., Illinois. 100 miles from Chi- cago. If you wish to buy, write us at once, as to how many you want, and we will quote price. GEORGE "W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. Mem.van the American Bee JoiAjtv^,. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! Root's Goods at Koot's Prices. Poiider's Honey - Jar», and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis. Indiana. •\iil"'l)(lVl)tfi'i/U>- '^■EN ANSWenilO iHtl AOVER■|IBEME^ ) ~M"8 JOUR--JI- l^r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., for his « . , Bee-Keeper's Guide. liberal Discounts to the Trade. Meiition the A.ineHcan BeeJounvalU PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH A Has No Sag In Brood-Framea ■n^^ Thin Flat-Bottom PoimdatioD lISu Has So Fisbbooe in Ibe Sarplos Hone;. 1 BelnK the oleanest 1b ueaally workeo the quickest of any Foundation made J. A. VAN DEUSEN, Sole Manataotnrer, Spront Brook MontKomery Co., N. T . Dupsij College^ Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary, Shorthahd and Typewriting. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send Tor Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN YORK, Prew. MeTXiMi. i.n/e A'CMfi'^iCiSf. Bet: jviff/ii^J. Hee-K«e|»er>*' PliotoRrapli. — We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers—a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 4U of them are shown on one of the photographs, and l'.Jl on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for lio ets. a card, mailing from the rjl kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces " for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal ofHce. PROF. A. J. COOK'S BOOK FREE ! The Bee-Keeper's Guide MANUAL OF VhE APIARY. This loth and latest edition of Prof . Cook's magnificent book ot 460 pages. In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book bere is quite un- necessary— it Is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- ?uire any introduction. No bee-keeper is ully equipped, or his library complete, with- out " The Bee-Keepeb's Guide." Given For 2 New Subscriberg. The following offer Is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with 42.00), and we will mall YOn a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for (1.'25, or we club It with the Bee Journal for a year —both together for only J1.75, But surely anybody can get only 3 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the booi as a premium. Let everybody try for If Will you have one ' GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Great People's Atlas of the World. MORE THAN 100,000 COPIES SOLD ANNUALLY. Up-to-Date, Accuratei Beautifulli] Illustrated. Nearly 70 Comprehensive Maps, many of them double-page. 140 New and Superb Illustrations. A whole Library in Itself, of vital and ab- sorbing interest to every member of the household. Population of each State and Territory, of all Counties of the United States, and of American Cities of over 5,000 inhabitants, by latest Census. Miniature Cut of AiIhh. Artual Size. Open. 14 by 22 Inchei ; Olused, 14 by 11 luches The handsomely engraved maps of all the States and Territories in the Union are large, full-page. with a numbei- of double-page maps to represent the most important of the Sta es. All countries on the face of the earth are shown. Klv- ers and lakes are accurately loca- ted. All of the large cities of the world, the important towns and most of the villages of the United States are given on these maps ; also every county In eacb State. Over 200 Magnificent Illustra^ tlons and Maps embellish nearly every page of the Atlas and faith- fully depict scenes In almost every part ofCithe world. This Atlas contains a prodigious amount of Historical. Physical, Po- litical. Educational and Statistical matter, so comprehensively ar- ranged and indext that informa- tion on any subject can be found in a moment's time. Description of the World. It contains a General Description of the World, giving its Physical Features. Form, Density, Tempera- ture, Motion. Winds and Currents', Distribution of Land and Water; Races of People, their Religions andNumlicrs: also the most com- plete LUt ot Nations ever publlsht, glvingthelr Geographical Location, Area, Population, ernment, etc. Forms of Gov- The Popular and Electoral Votes for President in 1884, 1888 and 1892, by States. List of All the Presidents. Agricultural Productions. Mineral Products. Homestead Laws and Civil Service Rules. Statistics of Immigration, 1820 to 1891. Public Debt for the Past 100 Years. Gold and Sliver Statistics. Number and Value of Farm Animals. Cultivable Area as Compared with Increase of Popu- lation. Postal Information, with Domestic and Foreign Rates, and Other Informa- tion that should be In every Home, Store, Oftice and Schoolroom. We will mail this great Atlas, postpaid, for only 50 cts.; or for $1.40 we will send itwlth the Bee Journal for one year ; or we will mail it free as a one New Subscriber ($1.00) to the Bee Journal Our Liberal Offers : premium for sending us for a year. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St CHICAGO, HiL. From now to Jan. 1, 1 months, foi* 50c. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 351 HONEY a^d BEESWAX MARKtyr 4lIJOXAXlU.^!$. Clilcairo, 111., Slay 6.— There is very little honey coming to tlie market, and fine lots of white eomb brings 1.30. Tet only :i little is taken liy tljc dealers, the season for it being over with the comin^of strawberries, which are now plentiful. Extracted biintrs atiout late quotations, with beeswax in active de- mand at 27@28c. for best grades. San Francisco, Calif.. May 6.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, .i-Tc. Extracted, white. oMc. ; light amber, 3i4-4c. ; dark tule. 1\Q.. Beeswax, fair to choice, 2o-27c. Wew York, N. 7., May 20.— Old crop is well cleaned up. both comb and e.vtracted, and our market is In good shape lor new crop, which is now beginning to ariive from the South. It is in fairly good demand at 50@3'2c. per gallon for average common grade, aad 55 @60c. for better grades. Beeswa.T is rather quiet at 26@2Tc. Detroit, Mich. , May 1.— Fancy whitecomb, ll@12c.; No. 1. lOailc: fancy amber. 9@ 10c. ; No. 1. 8@ye.: dark. '©Sc. Extracted, white. .5@6c.: amber. 4@5c : dark, 4c. Bees- wax, 23@26c. Demand is slow for honey, and plenty in commission house. Kansas City, Mo., May 20.— Fancy white, 12@i:fr.: No. l,ll@12c.; fancy amber. 10® lie; No.l.flSlOc; fancy dark, SQfc; No. 1, 8c. Extracted, white. o®5Vic. ; amber, 4'/^@ oc; dark, 3W@4c. Beeswax, 25c. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 7. — Demand is slow for all kinds of honey. Comb honev, 9@14c. for fair to choice white; extracted, 3ii@6c. There Is a fair demand for beeswax at 22@2oc. for good to choice yellow. Minneapolis, Minn., May 1. — Fancy whit«. ll(ai-o.; No. 1 white, lOailc; fancy amber. 9@l0c.: No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; fancy dark, 7@8c.; No. 1 dark. 6-7c. Extracted, white. 6@7c.; amber, 5a5^c.: dark. 4ia5c. Utah white extracted, 5@aVic. Beeswax, 2.3® 26c. Market fairly steady for comb and bet- ter for extracted than for some time. Philadelphia, Pa., May 1.— Fancy white comb, 12-13C : fancy amber. 8-9c.: No. 1, 8c.; fancy dark. 7-8c. Extracted, white, 5-7o. ; amber. 4-3c.; dark, 3^-4c. Beeswax, 25c. Season is getting over for com b honey— very little demand. Extracted in good demand. St. Iionis, Mo., May 1.— Fancy comb. 12® ©l.'ic.: No. 1 white, ll®ll!^c.; amber, 9® iO^c; dark, 7®8/,c. Extracted, white, in cans, 6@7c. ; amber, in barrels, 4@4 i4c ; extra. 5c. ; dark, 3a4c. Good demand for barrel stock— comb slow sale. Beeswax, 2l!@23Hc. -prime finds ready sale at 23^c. Albany. N. Y., May 1. — Fancy white, 12- )3c.; No. 1. 11-12C.: fancy amber, 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark. 7-8c.; No. 1, 6-7o Extracted, white. o-Gc: dark. 3H-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on band small. Indianapolis, Ind., May 1. — Fancy white lt-15c. ; No. 1 white. 12-13c. Extracted, white. 6-7c. Beeswax. 22-25c. Demand Is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Buffalo, N. Y., May 28.— The honey season here Is about wound up for the present. There are a few stray sales of fancy at 10 and 11 cents, while common is selling at any price, quotable at 9®4c. No extracted of consequence here. Boston, Mass., May 1.— Fancy white, 13- 14c.; No. 1, 11-12C. Extracted, white. 6-7c.: amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. . Cleveland. Ohio. Peb. 20.— Fancy white, 14K@loc.: No. I white. 12H@13c. Extracted, white, 6a7c.; amber. 4!4®5^c. Beeswax, 22 ®25c. There Is not very much honey In our mar- ket. Selling rather slow. Demand beginning to be a little better. Think trade will be fair In this line this fall. Please Send TJs the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JotJBNAL. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. List of Honey and Beeswai Dealers. Moat of whom Quote In this Journal. Cblcago, Ills. K. A. BinusBTT & Co.. 163 South Water 8trv axu Supers espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordingly. Send for Catalog and Price-Ltst. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Aif Box 187, Shebovoan, Wis. See the premium oiler on page S46 ! A Book Recommended by Dr. GallujK THENEWMETHOD In Health and Disease. By W. E Forest. M. D., 12th Kdition. Re- vised, Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home riivsiciAN, and as A lleallli. It makes tlie way from ^VeukneNK to Streuglli so plain that only those who are past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings i'iiiiiiol l»e sniok. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving the need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not :i «lriigf treatment. All Clironii- I>iseii!<>es are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the".Vli|>alioii, l>yNenl:ii-y, I>iver and Ki«Iney 'I'l-oubles. Catarrli. Kniacia- tiwn. 'ei-v- «»n»_ E:xl■a■l^>lion. l>i(> 12 " " 1000 1 testel Queen. . . 1 1 50 S " Queens . 3 5u 1 select tested queen 2 < If you are » thinking about EIRACJiON ENGINES: , We present "THE NEW RUMELV" which is the oli-< mnxof 44 yeilr'n exix-rience iu encfne building. 4 ' t'mbodvinKnlltbHbust inventionscf ourownand . 'iimiiy othern. IT IS STRONO-SIMPLE-OURApiE ^ •AND EASILY OPERATtO. lint ihnro Ismoretoit- ' U'liiimiil iii,li'i)Mliiioiirm*\voatnloj,'ue — FREE, M. RUMELV CO., LAPORTE, IND. MeiWUm the A.mer(ccM Bee JowrwtA, I89i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 365 KEYSTONE wovj^^n wire ; IS A GOOD AND PERFECT FENCE. ' ' That is tlie verdict of those who use it and are henco tlie most competent to judge of its qual- ities. 26 to 63 inches high— turns everything. All about it in our free book on fence con- struction. KEYSTONE WOVEN ,WjRE FENCE CO., No. a Rush street. Peoria, 111. ..'.i fi 'f*i,,r"^/ .'jf. Ht*.' Pooh ,^^^ ^"^^ l!i?i! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yello-w Bees'wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 25 cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta< promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. QUEENS Smokers. Sections . Comb Foundation, And all AplalrBD Suppllea cheap. Send Tor KKER Atalo^oe. E. T. FLANAUAN, BelleTllle, III. ];iAl.'U Please mentlou the Uee .Journal. Invested In a poetal card will get my larg-e Ciita- log of All Hoot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and pet, price. [TI. II. HUNT* Bell Brnixli. Tlii li. Vme:* AnswEHitG THIS Advertisement, Mentiof. -mts jourm^>. One Cent DEC t^CCDCDQ I Let me send 5'ou my 64- DLL'^LL^L^O ■ page Cutulo^ lor 18MT. J. .11. Jenkins, Wetiimpka, Ala. V'^.tifyr; UiE yi.Tite^'Mxi/n iiee .'cv.riw.1 OKOERS fllled by return umil or freisiit lor A. I. KiiiiT Co 's SI'PPI.IKS. O.ir cbDiee SI riilu Italiau Qutens: 1, 2 & 3 Ir. ucjclel ititiahurrv lor Supplies. s<'uii us your orders. .'iO-;ja£.-e Catfi/oo* Kree. Jno. Ncbel &.>«uu, lliiyili Mill, Itlu. Mfntion Htf. Ainericini Bte Journal 4. Ml For Sale, Bees & Queens I'.ccs hy Ibe Pound. $1.00. (.lueens SI 0(1. Nuclei. 2 tr;inie w.ih Queen. $ ...oO; itrMnie. j'> UO A so. Burred ilver-l AIJ y^ 5k ra ii« JKV M ^^k A Conscientious Farmer. He lives in IimImti:!. Alter some ""me h:.\<.\ per- suaded biui to huy juiullicr coiled tsprin^: luiice. h6 satistted liiuisi'lf Ibai it infringed on Uie Pajte CompaDy's patents. Then he wrote askinc us to name a reasonable ro>alt y.on payment of wtilch he mlKiit he iillowod to iis.- it, and hereafter he wlU buv of the rik'li'fiii owners. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. 'Aerjinan crie American Bee Jcua^nai. further increase of bees. Honey is com- ing in slowly but steadily. My proximity to the lake Is a great help (especially In a dry season) to my bees, as many honey- yielding plants flourish around the mar- gin of the water wtieii It is too dry for the higher grounds to yield a supply. Our location is a good one for bees, as the mountains stretch away to the north, east, and south, for many miles. In the early spring, say February and March, the whole country, uoland and lowland, is purple with altilarilla. Then comes the mountain alfalfa, white sage, buckwheat, sage and sumac, with which the mountains are in many places liter- ally covered. Then on the west, within reach of our bees, are numerous orange and lemon orchards, and eucalyptus groves, all of which furnish excellent bee-forage. The past winter was considered quite favorable for the bee-business ; the rains, both in quantity and manner of falling, were considered favorable. But for some reason the large crop hoped for does not seem to be forth-coming; so bee-men begin to think the crop, in this part of the country, will not be a heavy one. The price of honey in this country is not extravagantly high — comb bringing 0 to 8 cents per pound in small lots, and extracted 3 to -I cents. Bee-men will not soon be burdened with their millions in this region, unless some rich uncle dies and leaves it to them. But " Hope" keeps her wings bright. Ii. J. Templin. San Diego Co., Cal., May 17 Good Prospects for Honey. Prospects for honey this season are good. Clover is more abundant than it usually is, and is just coming into bloom, tho there is not enough here to amount to much; we depend upon Spanish- needle and heart's-ease for our honey. R. P. Mahon. Effingham Co., III., June 1. Good White Clover Prospects. I have taken the American Bee Jour- nal for the past lU years, and shall as long as I keep bees. We are having cold, wet weather, with several frosty nights in this part of Michigan. But the bees seem to be building up slowly. There are good prospects for white clover, which is just beginning to bloom. C. A. Wright. Cass Co., Mich., May 29. Bees Doing Well— Keeping Honey. Bees are doing well this season so far, and prospects are good for th^ whole season. I have several colonies that have filled one full-sized 8-frame upper story, and a number that have filled ordinary supers. 1 run for extracted honey, and never saw any that had deteriorated any because of its age. If properly put up, I think it would keep forever. (Rev.) Alson W. Steers. Kings Co., Wash., May 27. Albino Bees — Sweet Clover. Bees are doing better this spring than for three years. All indications are good for a fine honey season and farm pro- ducts. Our main honey-flow is just now commencing. I have In my front yard r AEISE T^O 8A V to the readers X or the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITTLE -BEH8 and QUBKN8- In their season, durlno 1 897, at thefollowini prices : " One Colony of Italians °o 9 Oallup frames, in 'WntBhlpplnK-boi $6(X) rive Colonies. 2.'i00 45 00 100 550 10 00 liSO 3 50 Ten Colonies.! 1 untested queen, 12 '.', Queens 1 tested Queen... * " Queens, ouu 1 select tested queen 2 uo — 8 " " Queens 4 00 Select tested queen, previous season's rearing 4 00 Bxtra Selected for breedlnK, the vbry best 500 About a Pound of BBB8 In a Two-frame Nn'oleM with an; Queen, ta.oo extra. m" circular free, giving full partlonlars regard- ng the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, llA^Bt BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y 'AeavMn :hs A.-nwHeam Bee Jcwrruii, Iclei and Qneens ! On 2, 3 and 4 frames, at 40 cents per frame without Queen. Queens 40 cents each; good tesi ed Queens, 75 cents each. Address, 23A2t Artliar Stanley, Olxou, III. Mention tlie American Bee Jmimat. ■V|»r'.nfOV(tIl'igp' SEE THAT WINK ! I«ee - SuppllcD ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Ponder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., iNDi.iNAPOLis. Indiana. ■VveH ANSweRlriG imS AOveOTISEMEftr. MEriTION TM!S JOURMU^ ^3P~ IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., forhla Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Mention tlie A.inertAxin Tiee Jmvrihol. PATENT WIRED COMB FODHDATIOH A Haa No Sag In Brood-Frame* Inv Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation TI2u flas So Fisbbone Id Ibe Sarplus HoB«f . 3 Helnu the oleaneat la asnallr worked tbe qoickest of any Foandatlon made J. A. VAN BBCJSEN, Bole Manaf aotnrar, apront Brook Monwomery Co., N, Y, W fr^Ji^? >'if -^.'^fi.r/^'^.fij.,'''', y.f* .•r'V/"' DupESm I COLLEGE! Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary. Shorthahd and Typewriting. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send Tor Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pre*. Heniwrm ine Amerioain Bee Jowmai 366 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, June 10, Vital I Water ! Has never failed to cure Blood and Skin Dis- eases. The effect crt Vital Water upon dis- eases of the Kidney and Liver Is magical and permanent. Send for FREE pamphlet. Forest Medicinal SsrinEs Co, Lock Box No. 1 1.IBERTWILLE, ILL. Mention the American Bee Journal 9INOHAM Bee Smoker Best on Earth ! 19 Years Without a Complaint. PRICES OF Bingham Perfect Bee Smokers and Honey-Knives. Per Doz. By Mall. Smoke Engine, 4-in. stove S13.00 each, $1,50 [Largest smoker made.] Doctor 3i4 In. .stove 9.00 " 1.10 Conqueror.... 3 " ■■ 6.50 •■ 1.00 Large 2H - 5 00 ■• .90 Plain 2 ■' " 4.75 •' .70 LtttleWonder 2 "Lwt.lO oz) 4.50 •• .fiO Honey-Knife 6.00 " .80 For further description, send for Circulars. T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, inicli. Our '97 Cataloff — OK— Apiarian f^iipplies, Bees, Etc. la yours for the asking. it is full of Information. t^~ Write for It. I. J. STRINOHAM, 105 Park Place. NE W YOfiK, N . Y . Apiary— Glen Cove, L. 1. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eges perfectly through warm weather, just as good as fresh ones tor cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can preserve them for about 1 cent per dozen* Now is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- mation— Dr. A. B. inASON, 3."j12 Monroe Street, - Toledo. Ohio. We have a few of these Emerson still' cloth- board binders for the American Bee Journal. They make a splendid permanent binding, and hold a full year's numbers. The old price was 75 cts., postpaid, but we will mall you one for only 60 cts., or with the Bee Journal for one year- both together lor 41.60. about six sqiiare rods of red clover that has been in bloom for the past two weeks ; my Albino bees worlv freely on it, but not one bee of any other strain have I seen on it. I think they must have a longer tongue. The Albinos and their crosses are taking the lead in my yard this season. I notice some say stock won't eat sweet clover. All my stock eat it. I have been trying to seed a woodland pasture to it, but the stock won't let it grow. J. D. GiVENS. Dallas Co., Tex., May 25. Hoping for 'Warm 'Weather. Bees wintered well, only one being queenless out of 14, and it had a slight attack of bee-paralysis. I got a queen from the South, which seemed to put new life into the colony. They are doing well, considering the weather. It is very cool at present. I hope it will get warmer. My best yield of section honey from one colony was 136 one- pound sections, and it had about 50 pounds for winter, as nearly as I could judge. I have all the home trade for it that I can supply. I have been keeping bees since I was a small boy. C. C. Yost. Berks Co., Pa., May 29. Cold and Wet Spring. Bees wintered well, but the spring has been very cold and wet. Colonies have built up well, and showed signs of swarming, but now they seem discour- aged, and have killed and dragged some drone-brood out of the hives. We hope for better weather before white clover blooms. We are prepared to handle all the swarms and all the honey our bees can store this year, and live in hope that we may secure a good crop. F. C. McClain. Mason Co.. Mich., May 31. Waiting for WMte Clover. Bees are waiting for white clover; some are all ready to swarm. I opened a hive last Saturday and found qusen- cells with eggs in them. The colony was very strong, and had brood in all 10 frames. It is dry and cold. A warm rain and warm weather will give good prospects. Wm. Rennk. Boone Co., III., May 31. A Rainy Spring. I do not know what to think of the season. It has rained about three days out of every four since I have been here (from Illinois). On this account I have had to feed my strongest colonies. The bee-keepers around here say we shall have a poor season. There Is any amount of white clover around here that will be in blossom in a few days; but this rain— they say it is not going to stop. The bees were out for their first flight in five days to-day, and now it Is raining this evening. Before I came here I hoped we would have a wet spring, but my hopes are more than re- ilzed. I have 2-1 colonies and (i nuclei. E. W. Brown. Erie Co., N. Y., May 30. Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 'M. BeeswaxWanted for Cash Or In Exchange for Foundation— Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Working Wax ICfSrS A Specialty. t^~ Write for Catalog and Prloe-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WIS. ir Yon Keep but One Keniedy '"'■^n^rouidbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the 'Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Hemedy to be had AT AMY PKICE. f./.y';.Pn'L°/hZoaet Cathartics ^^^-on 100 in a Box, $1.00—17 In a Box, 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION COMmNAT.ON Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Ripping, Cuttlng-ofT, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining, Dadoing, Bdglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold en Trial. Catalogue Free. SENEGA FALLS lUFG. CO., 16 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. T. lAly Mentuj-.theAmtrican Bee Journal. Italian Queens "^ Return mall. Untested, 50c. ; Tested, $1.00. Nuclei, '2 frame, $'3.00, including a good Queen. Bees by the Pound. E. Ii. CARRiniGTON, -22Atf Oe Fuulak Sprinsa, Fla. A Special Booklet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a special oflTer on booklets on Bees, Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 cents we will mall any 6 of the list below: and for $1,25 we will mail the iivbole dozen: 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 25c 2 . Poultry for M arket and Profit 25c 3. Turkeys for Market and Profit 25c 4. Our Ponltry Doctor 30o 5. Capons and Caponizing 30o 6. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25c 7. Kendall's Horse-Book 25c 8. Rural Life 25c 9. Ropp's Commercial Calculator 25e 10. Foul Brood, by Kohnke 25c 1 1 . Silo and Silage, by Prof Cook 25c 12. Bienen-Kultur, by Newman 40c GEORGE W. TOKK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases, Comb Foundation, and Everything used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls. Pierce Co., Wis, When answering this Advertisement, mention this Journal. Bee-Keepors' Pliotogra-pli. — We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 131 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first ; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces " for their money. Bend orders to the Bee Journal office. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 367 HDNEY and BEESWAX MARKKX «tIJOTAXIO:\S. Chicagfo, 111., May 6.— There is very little honey comlu(i: to the market, and flno lots of white comb brings 13c. Yet only a little is taken by the dealers, the season for it being over with the coming of strawberries, which are now plentiful. Kxtntcted brings about late (luotatlons. with beeswax In active de- mand at 27@~8c. for best grades. San Francisco, Calif., May 6. — White comb. 9-lOc.; amber, .5-7c. Extracted, white, SWc; light amber, 3>4-ic.; dark tule, 23ic. Beeswax, fair to choice, 25-27c. Hew York, TX. Y.,May 20.— Old crop is well cleaned up. both comb and extracted, and our market Is in good shape for new crop, which is now beginning to arrive from the South. It is in fairly good demand at 50@52c_. per gallon for average common grade, and 55 @60c. for better grades. Beeswax is rather quiet at 26@27c. Detroit, Mich.,Mayl.— Fancy white comb, H(ai2c.; No. 1, loailc: fancy amber. 9@ 10c. ; No. 1. S(a9o.: dark, 7@8c. Extracted, white. 5@6c.; amber, 4@oc.; dark, 4c. Bees- wax. 25(a26c. Demand is slow for honey, and plenty in commission house. Kansas City, Mo., May 20.— Fancy white, 134c. Albany, H, Y., May 1. — Fancy white, 12- 13c.; No. 1, ll-12e.; fancy amber. 9-lOc.; No. 1. 8-9c.; fancy dark, 7-8c.; No. 1, 6-7o. Extracted, white. 5-6c. : dark. 3Vi-4c. Demand is all that could be expected at this season. Stock on hand small. Indianapolis, Ind,, May 1. — Fancy white 14-15C.; No. 1 white, 12-13c. Extracted, white, 6-7c. Beeswax, 22-25c. Demand is fair for grades quoted, but no demand for inferior grades. Buffalo, H, Y., May 28.- The honey season here is about wound up for the present. There are a few stray sales of fancy at 10 and 11 cents, while common is selling at any price, quotable at 9@4c. No extracted of consequence here. Boston, Mass., May 1.— Fancy white, 13- 14c.; No. 1, 11-12C. Extracted, white. 6-7o.; amber. 5-6c. Beeswax, 25c. Texas dueens I By return mall. Beet honeyt'ntlit-'rintr strain lu America. LTntested. T.jc. J^clfc-t WArran- ted. $1.00. J. D. Gl VE^$, Lisbon, Tex. 9AJ(>t Mention iht Amtrican Btt JoumtU Tested Italian Queens, 75 ets. Untested, 50 cts. —3 or 5 banded. I have 500 Nuclei. Can send Queens by return mall. DANIEL, WIJRrH, 22A4t Falmol-th, Rush Co., Indiana. Menilon tne j^rnerican Bee JouTval. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. GblCBKO, Ilia. K. A. BiratrBTT * Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seouuun, Kansan City, JTIo. O. C. CLBMOM8 & Co., 423 Walnut Bt. Baflalo,N. V. Batterbon & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. • Hamilton, Ula. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pbiladelptala, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. Williams Bros., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Iionla, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapolla, nUnn. S. H. Hall & Co. milnrankee, Wis. A. V. Bishop* Co. Boston, maaa. E. E. BL.tKE Sc Co., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicb. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter S. Poudek, 163 Massachusetts Aye Albany, N. ¥. Chas. MCCttlloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. F. MuTH&SON.cor. Freeman iOentralAvs. FINE SECTIONS! We have the flnest Lumber to be bad for One-Piece Sections, all Second-Growth and White as Snow. We have all the up-to-date luacblnery, and are in a position to Hll your order promptly and satisfactorily. Write for Price-List and Sample Section free. Yours &c , WAUZEKA SECTION CO., Apr. 23, '97. Waizeka, Crawford Co., Wis. 17 Atf Mention Oi« American Bee Jowmok, Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE with Dovetailed Body and Supers espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordinKly. Send for Catalojr and Price-List. Address, B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Aif Box 1S7, Sheboygan, Wis. ytfewtUm tiit, AraerMxxn Bee Journal. Queen!!) aniseases are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the " .V"" .Uflliods" given here; even those who have been pronounced Con- sumptive have been entirely cured. While for Klieiintatisin. Intlit^-es- tion, Ik.vspepsia. Constipation, I»ysentsiry, I>iver and I4idney 'I'roiibles, Catai'rli, Kniacia- lion. e- euliai- to Women, etc., the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Ciuarantee. So confident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try " New Methods" thoroughly, if the book is re- turned in good condition. Xlie :^e-»v Edition is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht, and others made ex- pressly for this work; contains 300 pages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though the price)of the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was S2.50, we sell this at ¥1.00, postpaid. PRExTIIC:^! OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail ycu the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEOROr, W. YOKE & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Improved Machine for Sheeting Wax. This machine oroduces a continuous sheet of uniform thickuess and any width desired directly from the melted wax. Nolupplnjror welding done in this proces. This machine is a rapid worker, simple in construction, easily operated either by hand or steam power, and price within reach of any supply dealer. Cor- respondence solicited. Sample sent on receipt of order and postag-e. Patent allowed March 18. 1897. THOS. EVANS, Lansing, Iowa. UNG DISEASES. in years' experience. If your case is sufiiciently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Or. Peiro, 100 State St.. Chicago. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee JouBNAL. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with yuu, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 368 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 10, 1897. '»' M ■% ■§ pi A Copy of [DLL Successful Bee-Keening r n I r I'y W. Z. Hutchinson ; I llkk and our 1897 Catalog, fur 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog Tor tlie A«kiiis:. We make almost Everylliing used by Bee-Keeper», and at Ijon'ost Prices. OCR Falcon Polislit Sections are warranted Superior to All Otiiers. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made GoodB, when you can have ilie best— sucli as we make. The Amerieaii Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. Sa,mple Free— Address, THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of 50 hives, $30 for the best 100 Danz. sections •• 25 " 25 " 50 .. 20 ■' 20 •• 40 •• •• 10 •• 10 ■• 20 " " 5 " 5 ■• 10 " ^r" Further particulars regarding the pre- miums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, furnleht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care Tbe A. 1, Root Company. IHiiillV HONEY-EXTRACTOR illUUl N Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. iu stamps. Apply to— Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. tin MONEY IN POULTRY Bl lf.%Vf.k%*^sl?l.^''fo^'!fe readers of this paper only if you order now, of 30 leading varieties. Send 15c for the larcest and most complete Poultry Guidoever JOHN BAUSCHER. Jr. published. Boi M. Freeport, Ills. M^ntuiH the Atnerican li*x Jounuii 1000 First-Class foi' only $1.50 I have on hand about 40,000 btrlcily flrst- cUss 4!4x4>i one-piece sections For such Ber.llons the leading dealers are asking SJ.tio to|.'3. 00 for a single 1000; but 1 am anxious to turn these sections into mouey as soon as possible, and also an.xlous to Increase my sub- scription list: therefore, as long as any re main unsold, 1 shall offer 1000 sections and the ICevlew, to hew subscribers, for only il 50. I will also furnish a tested Italian queen and the Kevlew one year, to new subscrib- ers, for only 11.50; or a Bingham Conqueror Bmokcr and the Uevlcw for only *1.7."i. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Meiition the American Dee Jowmaz. FLINT, ^''^ Dadant's Foundation ^''^ Year Year Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because It has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IN 20 VEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss, Patent "Weed Process of Sheeting;. Send I^aiiie for Our ('atalog-, Samples ol Foundation and Veil ITIaterial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Riuds. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Haucock Co., ILL. Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Cream. 500 for fl.OO 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5,25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-Lii8t of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. 6A3.5t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. No. 1 Snow-Whitc. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2,50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6,75 NOVICE AND [COWAN EXTRACTORS. More Popular Than Ever. They are used by all leading bee-keep- ers. If you would get the latest and best, see that our name is on them. Our 1897 IS Hives J With Ne-w 1897 End-Spacing: HofTnian Frames, are carrying the market by storm. Don't buy old-style goods, when new, up-to-date goods cost no more. 4'sil:ilog'. <'xplaininK'. went for llie siiaking'. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Malo Office, MEDINA, O. BK-A-lSrCK OFFICES : 118 micliigan St., ChicHKo, III. Syracuse, N. Y. 10!£4 Miss. Str., SI. Paul, Minn. iVlccliauic Falls, Maine. 10 Vino St., Philadelphia, Pa. PuliUsht ^Veekly at IIK Miflilfiaii Street. 91.00 a Venr-Sajnp7e Copy Pree, 37tliYear. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 17, 1897. Ko. 24. The Sugar Question — Bee-Food and Glands. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. I have been requested to reply to the followine, which was sent to the editor of the Aoierican B^e Journal : Mr. Editor : — Prof. Cook tells us on page 179: "Thus the symbol of water is Hj; O, and of sugar Cio Hio 0.->. In both these cases we see that there is just twice as many atoms of oxygen as there are of hydrogen." I'm not much acquainted with chemistry, but it looks as if those figures showed more hydrogen than oxygen, for I suppose H stands for hydrogen. How is it? And is there a chemical formula that makes him say "there is twice as many" where common folks would say "there nee twice as many ?" Aside from these things there is much I can understand in the article, and Prof. Cook is doing good service to Instruct us in such matters. Non-Chemical. It is unfortunate that Chicago and Californiaare so widely separated, as this makes it impossible for me to see the proof of my articles, else the above errors would not have occurred. 1 do not wonder that " Non-Cheraical" is puzzled over the above. I was chagrined as I read the article, and have taken this first opportunity to correct the errors. The formula for glucose is Co Hi3 0«. This is the true formula for the grape-sugar of commerce, the sugar of diges- tion, liver-sugar, and the honey-sugars. The formula for starch Is Ch Hio O.i, and the same is true of glycogen or liver starch or animal starch as it is called. It will be seen that all of these substances contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same proportion that they are found in water, that is, two equiva- lents of hydrogen to one of oxygen. It is supposed that starch and glycogen are changed to sugar, the first, in digestion, the second, in the liver, by the adding of one equivalent of water. There is no chemical formula that should make any one say there is twice as many. That is a pure case of false syn- tax that it seems will once in awhile get into the best of papers. OTHER BEE- food. As every bee-keeper knows, bees not only require honey, or the sugars for food, but are equally dependent upon pollen. This forms the nitrogenous food of bees, and is without doubt required by all the bees, young as well as old, and all of the old bees, drones, workers and queens. It is probable that the drones and queens need not a little of this nitrogenous or albuminous food. The method of preparing this has been a matter of no little dispute. The pollen which is secured by the bees in the field Is very different from the rich, albumin- ous food which we find in the cells with the larval bees, and in such large quantities in the queen-cell with the developing larval queen. It seems certain that the bees digest the pollen and form the rich food which is fed, certainly to all larvio. and without any doubt to the queens and drones as well. It seem also evident that the lower head-glands secrete the fer- ment which affects this digestion of pollen. True, Mr. Cheshire says in his book, that these lower head-glands secrete the very substance which is fed to the brood. I think I have proved that this is not the case. I think that the secretion from these lower head-glands mixes with the pollen, and both go together to the true stomach where the pollen is digested or changed into the royal jelly and other nitrogenous food preparing it for the bees. I fed bees honey which was mixtwith pulverized charcoal, and with the microscope found this in the royal jelly. Thus, it would be seen certain that the bees regurgitated the food which is fed to the larvK. It would be impossible for this charcoal to pass through into the body cavity so as to mis with the blood, as charcoal is non-osmotic, and so cannot be absorbed, and also equally impossible for it to be taken out by the lower head-glauds, which must certainly be the case if these lower head-glands prepare directly this nitrogenous food. It would seem that ihe glands could hardly secrete all of the nitrogenous food, though it would seem possible that they might secrete enough ferment to digest the pollen and fit it to nourish the larvas and also the queen and drone. The fact as stated by Cheshire, that only the young workers have these lower head-glands strongly developt, makes it seem more than probable that only the younger bees prepare or digest this nitrogenous food, and thus they supply this food not only to the larval bees, but also to the drones, queen, and older workers. OTHER GLANDS IN BEES. Besides the lower head-glands there are the large upper head-glands, and also large glands in the thorax. These all connect with a tube which empties at the base of the tongue just where the nectar enters. It seems very evident that the secretion from these glands mixes with the nectar as it is taken into the honey-stomach. This is the ferment which changes nectar to honey, and makes honey such an admirable food. We can readily understand why these glands are so large. I once fed a colony of bees 19 pounds of sugar syrup. This all had to be transformed, and was in one night. We also know that colonies of bees will often gather under the most favorable circumstances a very large amount of nectar in a single day. It must take a large amount of this digestive ferment to perform transformation in such an extensive way, and thus these glands in the upper head and thorax are so largely developt. These matters are more fully described in my "Manual of the Apiary," and also in Cheshire's book. There is also some fat in the pollens, or perhaps it would be more accurate to say oil. The oils and fats are the same, tho we usually speak of fat as the material formed in animals, and oil the like material formed by plants. I say they are the same. They differ somewhat, but undoubtedly form the same food element. We do not know what it is that digests the fat or oil of the pollen. We do know that it is a secretion from the pancreas that digests the fats and oils in our diges- tive economy. It is probable that in the lower head-glands there is also a ferment that does the same work for the bees. We also know that there is in the pancreatic secretion in our own bodies a substance which can and does digest the albumi- noid of our food in case It is not done in the stomach by aid of the gastric juice. Thus we see that in case both the oils and albuminoid of pollen is digested by the secretion of the lower head-glands, the analogy is very close to our own digestion, and we might 370 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 17, call these lower head-glands the " pancreas " of the bees. In- deed, we are learning more and more that there is a wonderful similarity in the organic function of all animals. And also that there is very much in common between animals and plants. To me this seems to more than hint that there is a great plan running through all life, and that there must be one great Planner. Is it not more than rational, then, as we study Nature, to have our faith firmly planted on the fact that there is one great God over all, and that His hand is plainly visible in alk His works? That is the w.ay I read Nature. Los Angeles Co., Cal. How to Cure Foul Brood Among Bees. BY WM. M'EVOY. Offlcial lipoid Brood Inspector for (Jntario, Canada. This disease has destroyed hundreds of apiaries at all times, in almost every land where bees have been kept, and it is to-day making its deadly march uncheckt through the bee- yards of the world. For 17 years I have warned the bee-keepers to keep all dead and putrid matter out of their colonies, so as not to cause foul brood, and while I have been warning and holding up Death's head and the cross-bones, the professional guessers, who were not practical bee-keepers, have been encouraging the wholesale spread of the disease by saying that rotten brood in hives of bees would not cause foul brood. Such teaching as that has caused thousands of bee-keepers to be very careless, and when the disease has broken out in their bee-yards, it was left to run its course to the ruin of their apiaries, and all others in the same localities. It is only the very few among many thousands of bee-keepers that have succeeded in curing their apiaries of foul brood after it got a good start in their bee-yards, and the owners left to themselves to manage the curing. I will now give my methods of curing foul brood, which cannot fail when followed exactly as I order. In the honey season, when the bees are gathering honey freely, remove the combs, and shake the bees back into their own hives in the evening; give comb foundation starters, and let them build combs for four days. In the evening of the fourth day, remove the comb, and give foundation to work out, and then the cure will be complete. Fill an empty two-story hive with the combs of foul brood that have been removed from two or more diseased colonies, close them up for two days, and shade them from the sun ; after that open the entrance, and when most of the brood is hatcht, remove those combs, and give the bees starters of foundation in a single hive, and let them build combs for four days. Then in the evening of the fourth day, take out those new combs, and give them founda- tion to work out. Let it be remembered that all of these operations should be done in the evening, so that the bees will become settled down nicely before morning. Before extracting from the diseased combs, all the combs that were not sealed must he cut out of the frame, or some of the decayed brood will be thrown out with the honey. Then after cutting out the unsealed comb, uncap the sealed honey, extract it, and bring it to a boil. All the foul combs, and the new combs that were built in the four days, must be made into wax, and the dross from the wax extractor, ?)i.ust be buried, because what runs with the wax would not be heated enough to kill the spores, and if it was thrown out where the bees could get at it, it would start the disease again. When the diseased brood that was placed in the two-story hive is hatcht and the bees are give full sheets of foundation, then they should at once be given a queen-cell ready to hatch out, or a young queen ; then everything will be all right. The empty hives need no boiling, scalding, or disinfecting in any way, and are perfectly safe to use, no matter how bad the disease may have been in them ; and I have always got the curing done in the same hives. But as the frames get more or less daubed with the diseased honey when the combs are cut out of them, I always order the frames burned as soon as the combs are cut out, because it doesn't pay to waste valu- able time fussing and cleaning old frames, when new, nice ones are so cheap. Where an apiary Is diseased so badly that the colonies have become weak, then all the combs, both In and out of the hives, should be made Into wax at once, and all the colonies doubled up at the same time, as it won't pay any person to waste time with weak colonies. In some bee-yards I have put three and four colonies In one, to get fair-sized colonies to start on. When the curing is to be done before or after the honey season, the greatest caution is to be used so as not to start robbing. The curing can be done just as well before as after the honey season by feeding plenty of sugar syrup in the even- ings, so the bees will work out the starters of foundation, and store the diseased honey in them, that they took from the old, diseased combs ; and when the new combs are removed the fourth evening, and the foundation given, the feeding must be continued to get foundation workt out and filled with plenty of good stores for winter, When I find apiaries of foul brood at the close of the honey season, I get the queens caged in all the weakest colonies for about ten days, so that no brood can be started to become foul. I then get the owners to take the brood out of the strong col- onies, and tier it up on the weak colonies with the caged queens. Then give the colonies starters as soon as the combs are removed, and feed sugar syrup in the cvenbujn for four days ; then remove the starters for foundation. Then at the end of ten days get all the combs taken from the weak colo- nies that have the caged queens, and shake the bees into a single hive, give starters of foundation, let the queens out of the cages, and feed sugar syrup in the evenings, and remove the new combs the fourth evening for full sheets of founda- tion, and continue the feeding until all is in good condition. The colonies that were weak when the brood of other colonies was tiered up on them, will be very strong from the quantity of bees hatcht out during the ten days. I have to use considerable judgment in curing many foul- broody apiaries, so as to make the cure as profitable as possi- ble, and have every colony a good, strong one when the season closes. It is a very easy thing for one to cure a foul-broody apia- ry, and soon put it in good order, no matter how bad it was when I started to fix it up in good shape to cure it. But I have found it a very hard thing to handle all sorts of men so that they would cure, and do as I ordered them. When a few colonies in an apiary are found with foul brood at the close of the season, the owner can very easily fix them up all right by removing the combs in an evenimj in Oc- tober, when the queens have done laying, and giving scaled combs from sound colonies. If the owner has no sealed combs, he must feed until the bees in the sound colonies seal them for that purpose, and then when given to the foul colony the bees won't have any place to store the foul honey they took from the diseased combs, and then they will have to keep it until they consume it ; and with no place to start brood, the queen stopt laying, and cold weather coming on, the bees will have gotten rid of the diseased honey long Defore brood is started again. Every bee-keeper should have, every fall, plenty of combs sealed over like the best of section honey. I have hun- dreds of them every fall. I know of many failures in Ontario where the drug system has been tried, and I have many private letters from several localities in the United States where it has been a complete failure. I never knew one cure made by the drug system, and why any man should speak of it as a cure when it is always a failure, is something I can't understand. I will warn all men not to waste their time in tinkering with any kind of drugs in a bee-yard ; the best place for such drugs would be in the sea — only it might be a sorry time for the fishes. The D. A. Jones' starvation plan will cure every time, but it is too hard on the bees, and completely unfits them for comb-building for a time, by making the bees very thin, lean and poor ; and the starving sometimes almost ruins some of the queens for life. Ontario, Canada. The Preventiou of Swarming. BV W. P. FAYLOK. There seems to be a good deal of dilTerence in the traits and habits of bees of different apiaries, and in no respect is this more true than in regard to swarming. I had 30 colonies of bees last summer. Part of those were run for extracted honey and part for comb honey. I did not have a single swarm by Nature's method last year, while a neighbor's bees, but four miles distant, swarmed themselves to death. In order to produce a non-swarming race of bees it is necessary first of all to practice the artificial method of in- crease. Where bees are not allowed to swarm for a few gen- erations, they seem to lose the swarming fever, but where they are pormitted to have their own way, year after year, each colony will usually swarm three or four times in aslngle season. Dr. C. C. Miller has allowed his bees to swarm for years, I believe, while the Dadants have practiced the artificial method 189'< THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 871 of increase. Now, what has been the result ? We read of the Dadaiit bees seldom casting a swarm, while our Dr. Miller's swarm right along with the same environment and circumstances. The large, roomy hive is one factor in reduc- ing the swarming mania, but it is not the chief one. I usually make my increase from colonies that are run for extracted honey, by placing bee-zinc on top of the lower story, and confining the queen below anil placing most of the brood and young larva; in the upper stories. The bees, finding no queen in these upper stories where the chief amount of brood and stores are, will usually build a few queen-cells and rear the very best of queens in this way. It is best to destroy all the queen-cells but one or two of the largest. A few days after the best queen-cell is capt, I lift off the upper story, bees and all, and place this story on a new bottom stand for the beginning of a new colony. I5y having on hand plenty of empty brood-combs at the beginning of the season, I can take one good, strong colony and increase to eight or ten good colo- nies in a single season. With colonies that I wish to run for comb honey I practice the following method : My S-frame hives are 12 inches wide. Inside measure, and this allows for Wi inch spacing of frames during most of the year, but just at the dawn of the honey harvest I take out the combs and trim down the upper bulges, placing the combs that are fullest of brood and eggs on the outside, and those with honey and little brood, with one addi- tional empty comb, on the inside of the chamber. During the honey-flow, you see, there are nine frames in the brood-cham- ber, making close spacing of brood-frames, so that the bees will have but little bulging room to store honey in the brood- chamber, and will have to go into the upper story among the sections to find the bulging room. The next thing I do, I raise the brood-chamber about Jj of an Inch from the bottom-board, so as to let the cool air circulate through under the brood-chamber. A little piece of common lath placed under each corner of the hive will answer this purpose. Some 12 years ago I had a very strong colony of bees. They were working grudgingly in the sections above, and were hanging out so as to cover the front and part of the sides of the hive. I had made this colony extra-strong by giving early additional brood. I wanted it to cast one good swarm 30 as to get some extra queen-cells. They had a nice lot of queen-cells started, and while they were getting ready to swarm I thought they might be induced to go up into the sec- tions by raising the brood-chamber from the bottom-board. I put a little block under each corner of the hive, raising it about a half inch from the bottom-board; and what was my surprise to see these outside bees go into the upper story and crowd the sections. I supposed that the colony would swarm all the same in a few days, but it did not. I waited about a week and no swarm came off. Then 1 made an examination and found that the bees had destroyed every queen-larva? and most of the queen-cells. Since then, when I have not wanted any swarming (and I now do not) I always raise the brood- chamber from the bottom-board so as to let the cool air circu- late freely through the brood-chamber. This alone will pre- vent nine colonies out of every ten from swarming. It has prevented a hundred per cent, with me from swarming. About once a year, for a number of years, I have called the attention of the readers of the Bee Journal to this point, and all that have tried raising the brood-chamber from the bottom-boarfl have spoken of it as having done much to pre- vent swarming, and also has hurried the bees into the sec- tions. 1 am now satisfied that the natural cause of swarming is wererou'diJig soine apartment of Uie queen's chamber with bees. brood, eijijs, and heat. This can be demonstrated by using the 5-banded bees. I have sent north, south, east and west for these yellow beauties, for the last ten years, and I have the first queen yet to receive of the 5-banded variety that can produce eggs enough to give a colony of bees the swarming mania. The reason is that there are always empty cells, and no part of the brood-chamber is ever crowded. Franklin Co., Iowa. Selling Extracted Honey — Valuable Secrets. Br CHALON FOWLS. When I first began producing extracted honey, 1.5 or 16 years ago, I could not sell 100 pounds a year in ray homo market: now it takes from Ihi to 2 tons of honey a year to supply my home market, and my trade is constantly increas- ing. My success in building up a home market Is due, I think, to my methods, which are as follows : First, the keynote of success in selling honey is to have a first-class article to sell. As nearly all the honey produced In my locality is gathered from basswood and clover, it follows that I shall have the finest flavored and whitest honey in the market, if only the most cleanly methods are employed from the time the nectar is gathered until it reaches the market, just as a like result is obtained by the cleanest and most Ira- proved methods in the gathering and handling of maple sap. An examination of the bee under a microscope shows that it is one of the most cleanly as well as the most beautiful of in- sects, which insures cleanliness in the gathering process (I'm afraid the maple-sap gatherers would hardly bear comparison here). When the bee gets home with its load it must deposit it in a clean receptacle ; old combs will not do, neither must the queen be allowed access to the surplus combs, as» eggs, larvM. and pollen result in dirty combs ; therefore, the queen is confined in the brood-chamber by means of perforated zinc. The honey is not taken from the hive and extracted until it is sealed up just like section honey. It is then extracted, and stored in nice tin cans holding about 75 pounds. It will all candy solid, and is liquefied only as wanted for market. When I want to put up some for market, I put one of the cans in a larger can, supported by a suitable frame, so as to leave room under and all around, to be tilled with water. The whole thing is kept hot several hours on the stove (a gasoline- stove is th3 best because slowerl ; but I do not want the water to boil at any time in the outside can. After it is perfectly liquefied, it is put into my filling can, which is provided with a gate. Then I am ready to fill small packages for market. I use only flint-glass pint Mason jars and third-pint jelly- tumblers for the grocery trade. I never use the green glass when I can get the flint, as the honey does not show up nearly as well. Grocers are requested to place the honey in frost somewhere, or on the counters, where the light will strike through it. When a customer sees it shimmering in the sun, as clear as crystal, he is attracted by its beauty, and will buy. I want no showy-colored labels on my honey. I leave that for the glucose-mixers. They want something to plaster over their vile stuff to hide it, while I want to show my honey, as it looks finer to a honey-lover than the finest work of art on a label. Lithographs are so common nowadays that people take little notice of them ; but any choice article of food, put up in clean and attractive packages, always commands attention ; therefore, I use only a small white label, 1x2 inches, giving my name and address, and the words, "Pure Honey." We might get a pointer here from the druggists, who are apt to display clear and sparkling liquids in the window. I make a tour of the principal towns in my county every two months, or oftener, according to the demands of the trade ; and if any of the stock left is beginning to candy, orhas be- come unsightly in any way, it is replaced with fresh goods free of charge. However, this very seldom happens — almost never — except in the case of some little stock that is carried over the summer. I consider it to my interest that the grocer who handles my honey shall make a good profit — 20 to 80 per cent, is none too much on small packages. They should be clast as " fancy groceries," and should bring a better profit than honey in bulk, or sugar and flour. In this way I secure the hearty co- operation of the grocer, which would not be the case if his profits were small. I sell pint Mason jars at .S2.75 per dozen, .S30 per gross ; third-pints, .SI. 10 per dozen; per gross, .^12. Pints rtin about 19 pounds to the dozen ; third-pints, about 6. Pints retail for 30 cents each; third-pints from 12 to 15 cents each, according to circumstances. But it will be argued these prices are too high, and honey will not be used largely if these prices prevail. I answer that this is for a fancy article in small packages. Do not choice red raspberries in pint boxes sell high? and yet good fruit can be bought cheap in larger quan- tities, and larger quantities are used, too. Almost any grocer will sell on smaller margin in bulk by the crockful or pailful, as the large packages need no display, and the profit on the large package is as much as on the little one. I believe bee-keepers ought to push the local trade more. Much might be done by advertising in one way or another. I sell the most of the honey sold in bulk in my own town, and I find but comparatively few will buy in bulk, altho the price is much cheaper. By far the larger number want only a pint or less at a time. Of course, I do not undersell the grocers on the same size of packages they handle. In solicit- ing orders from boarding-house keepers and families I prefer to take along my samples in flint-glass Mason jars, and I carry them in a sample case, which allows the light to strike through, just as in the grocery. Even amber honey from fall flowers looks fine if I can get the jars between my customers and the sun ; and once people begin to admire its beauty, it's not difficult to get them to taste, which sometimes goes a long 372 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 17, way toward making a sale. As I never allow any but my best honey to go in to the grocery trade, I have to work off all my off grades to families, boarding-houses and bakeries. The dark and strong kinds, if I have any, are used for cooking, and recipes are given away with the honey. — Gleanings. Lorain Co., Ohio. What About the Use of Leveled-Down Corabs in the Sections ? BY S. A. DEACON. The man who opposes, by word or deed, the teachings and long practice of such veterans and pastmasters in the art of apiculture as the late Mr. B. Taylor, and unhesitatingly con- tends that a main feature in that gentleman's system of comb honey producing was altogether wrong, must possess a vast and enviable amount of confidence in his own apicultural knowledge and skill ! Let such as perused in the Bee Journal for Oct. 8, 1896, Mr. Abbott's condemnation of the use of drawn combs in sec- tions, turn back to page 61-i of the Bee tlournal for 189.5, and there read Mr. B. Taylor's emphatic statements regarding the undoubted advantages accruing from their use, as com- pared with that of starters, or even with full sheets of foun- dation ; they are compared in his essay at the Toronto con- vention. Perhaps Mr. Jewell Taylor will kindly inform us whether he, or his late father, ever experienced the bad con- sequences of using drawn combs upon which Mr. Abbott lays so much stress. Their use is greatly favored, and strongly recommended, too, by that expert English bee-master, Mr. Samuel SImmins. If, as Mr. Abbott alfirms to he the case, honey rapidly deposited, as in drawn combs, is liable to either fermentation or granulation, or to both, it would be interesting to know how the Messrs. Dadant overcame the trouble; for their ex-' trading combs not being leveled down, the conditions favor- able to fermentation, and, according to Mr. Abbott, for granu- lation, are, in their case, present in a greatly enhanced de- gree. And this suggests a question which I would very much wish to have answered by those who, unlike Mr. Abbott, siic- eessfuUy use drawn comb, viz.: How mucli should they be leveled down ? Or, in other words, what depth of cell should be left? And what was the late Mr. Taylor's practice in this respect? Here again Mr. Jewell Taylor can come to our aid. What with one set of experts strongly advising one mode of procedure, and another set as staunchly opposing it, the intellects of the majority of the lesser fry naturally get be- fogged, perplext, bewildered and confused, and, half his time, the tyro "don't know where he are." And when I hear Mr. Abbott saying that the use of drawn combs causes tlieir too- rapidly-deposited contents to ferment, and, in the same breath, that it causes them to granulate, I feel strongly iuilined to ask him. Do he really know where he are ? Surely, ihe use of drawn combs cannot be productive of two such cliemically opposite results, for the one is due to an excess of moisture, and the other to evaporation of the same. It may be that the constantly presented cniiflicting state- ments regarding matters connected with our calling (and upon which one would suppose there could hardly exist two opin- ions) has dulled my intellect, and made me somewhat obtuse ; still, I venture to think I am not the only one Mr. Abbott's remarks have put in a hole, and that others besides myself would be grateful to that gentleman for a little more precise explanation of his views on this rather importantand decidedly Interesting matter. What have experiments at Lapeer, Mich., proved " along this line ?" — to adopt a favorite expression of our good Mr. Doolitlle. Come, Mr. Doolittle, tell us what ynu know about it. It would be little use, I suppose, asking Dr. Miller's opinion, be- cause he's sure not to know, you know; that medicineman never do know nullin' — unless, perhaps. It be how to get 10,- 000 sections of honey 1 Then, to " make confusion worse confounded," Mr. Abbott proceeds to tell us that he "had trouble to keep the honey from granulating in the cells." We must assume, then, that he did prevent it from granulating ; ergo, altho under the cir- cumstances the honey is liable to granulate In the cells there Is a means of preventing it, and that, consequently as far at least as m\i Intellectual eyesight carries me, all objection to the use of drawn comb is removed. Mr. Abbott doesn't say haw ho prevented it ; perhaps like the canny Scotch engineer who had a plan for relieving the congestion of the vehicular traHic of London, by converting the bed of the Thames into a macadamized road, the modus operandi (in the Scotchman's case, of keeping the water o%it, and in Mr. Abbott's case of keeping it i?i) is "a secret he means to keep his ain sel." Did Mr. A. and his hired man sit up all night doing battle with the granulating fiend ? or how was it done ? I never yet heard of any plan, method or pro- cess of checking granulation in comb honey once it had set in ; but then I confess I don't know very much about the matter. When I see extracted honey going that way I call in hot water to my aid, but I doubt if it would be quite advisable to boil " the sections. Quien sahe f we are living in a wonderful age, and are daily finding out something new. Mr. Abbott is an old and experienced apiarist, that we al must admit, and his opinions are, as a rule, entitled to respect ; nor can we be otherwise than grateful for the readiness he ever displays to impart the results of his experience to us re- cruits in the bee-keeping ranks; but until an ecumenical council shall have decreed Abbotts to be as infallible as Popes, or, better still, until we shall have governed the opinions of those veterans whose valuable little pars constitute the con- tents of the Question-Box column, I, for one, shall keep " an open mind " on this matter of the use of drawn combs in sections. HONEY PKICES IN SOUTH AFRICA. I have just received a letter from Mr. F. J. Haarhoff, of Pretoria, Transvaal, in reply to one I addrest him in refer- ence to his statement, which appeared in Gleanings, and was reproduced in the American Bee Journal, to the effect that comb honey was worth half a crown a pound in Pretoria, and which inclined me to the opinion that the ramifications of Horrie & Co. extended to South Africa. But Mr. Haarhoff, who, it appears, is a genera! dealer and broker — and, for all 1 know to the contrary, a good and trustworthy one — explains that when he and a few neighbors mustered about 50 colonies between them, which they kept in their gardens, or back- yards, they managed to get a few sections from fruit-bloom, and, being then and there somewhat of a rarity, they fetcht fancy prices. "But now," to quote from Mr. H.'s letter, "competition has appeared in the field, and already the price has greatly receded ; and very little above the present supply would bring prices still lower." Yes, seeing that Pretoria and Johannesburg together have a population of only about -40,000 whites, I fear a consignment of say 2,000 pounds would make honey a drug in the market. So I trust that no hastener after riches on your side of the big pond, will be induced, on the strength of that " half crown a pound " statement, to send their product across the deep blue sea ; for what with freight, duty, brokerage, land carriage and smash, I don't think he would see very much change out of that half crown. South Africa. No-w for Ne-w Subscribers for the rest of 1897 : We would like to have each of our present readers send us at least one new subscriber for the Bee Journal before July 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only 50 cents for the rest of this year. That is about 7 months, or only 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new 50-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list : Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 50 copies of leaflet on " Why Eat Honey y" ... 50 " '■ on •' How to Keep Honey " 50 •' " on " Alsike Clover " 6 copies "Honey as Food and Medicine" 1 copyeach " Preparation of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and Doollttle's " Hive T Use " (5o.) 1 copy each Dadants' "Handling Bees" (8c.)and " Bee- Pasturage a Necessity " (10c.) Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood" Kohnke's " Foul Broi-d" book Cheshire's " Foul Brood " boob llOc.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees" [So ] Dr. Foote's Hand-Bookof Health Rural Life Book Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field C^apons and Caponizlug Turkeys for Market and Profit Green s Four Books on Frult-G rowing Kopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 Silo and Silage, by Prof. Cook Bicuen-Kultur (German] Kendall's Ilorse-Book [Eaglieh or German] 1 Pound White Clover Seed 1 " Sweet " " m " Aleike " " 1!4 '• Alfalfa " " 1^ *' Crimson " " Queen-CUpplng Device The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. 20c. 20c. 20c. 20c. ISO. 18o. 2oc. 250. 18c. 25c. 25e. 25c. 250. 25c. 25c. 25c. 25c. 25c. 40o. 25c. 25c. 260. 250. 25e. 25c. 30c. 20c. isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 373 Report of the North American Convention Held at St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 10-12, 1894. RKl'ORTED BT I.OUIS R. IJGHTON. [Continued from page 358.1 WHAT SHALL WE PLANT FOR HONEY ? Melilot or Sweet Clover (.Ucn7otus otoa). The white meli- lot or Bokhara clover is an excellent honey-plant, yielding from early iu July until frost. There are a few plants of this near my apiary and my bees were on them during the whole period of bloom, but especially in July and August when there was nothing else for them. I have purchast a bushel of the seed to sow next spring. The plant sends its roots deep, hence stands drouth well. In the South it is used extensively as a forage crop, for early spring pasturage, and as a soil renova- tor, while if cut before the stems become woody the hay is ex- cellent. It will thrive on any soil containing lime, and often yields five to six tons per acre when cut two or three times. Even if not desirable, in a given case, to cultivate sweet clover *s a forage plant, bee-keepers will do well to scatter the seed in waste places anywhere within a mile of their apiaries, es- pecially where summer pasturage is lacking. Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fuUomim) yields honey abun- dantly during the months of July and August, lasting some throe weeks. The price of the heads (used by fullers in rais- ing the nap on cloth) is now scarcely oue-tenth what it used to be in this country owing to the invention of machinery to . A plain board cover of single thickness is now much used, and in the fall the bees will fill all cracks with bee-glue, fastening the cover to the hive with glue, and such a cover thus sealed down is called a "sealed cover." 7. As yet I've found nothing that suits me so well as the T super, but I'm not wedded to that, and when I find some- thing enough better I'll change. 8. Some of them four years, and some of them not four months. Perhaps in general two or three years. ii. That depends altogether on circumstances. Sometimes honey is worth more, sometimes less, and in some places it may be worth more than in others. 10. Neither. I want a frame that is held rigidly in posi- tion, but as free as possible from propolis. On account of their wintering qualities, however, I have a liking for closed- end frames. Foiiiidaliou Roller —Dividing. 1. How can I keep the foundation roller from smashing through the foundation below the — well, the place where it is fastened ? 2. I divided my bees this evening, and as I have only one colony, I am a little an.^ious as to the result. I put five frames of foundation, one of honey, two of brood, and the old queen In the new hive, and put it on the old stand, and left the rest in the old hive and put it on a new stand. Did I do what was right 1 They were not building queen-cells, but were getting quite crowded. Oregon. Answers. — 1. I've had no experience in making founda- tion, and don't really understand the question. Perhaps some of the friends can answer. 2. Very likely all will come out right, altho it is possible you might better have waited a little later. Transrcrrlns Bcc$ and Combs. How can I transfer my bees from \OiiilOli frame into a Langstroth frame hive? N. Y. Answer. — It ought not to be a difficult matter. Cut a comb out of the frame ; cut off just enough to let the comb fit snug in the new frame, then from another comb cut a piece large enough to fill up the rest of the frame. The pieces that are left can be cut off a little shorter, and be used in filling up the next frame. That will leave some little pieces, which It may be as well not to try to use. Take pains to throw out the drone-comb. If you have no other means of fastening the combs in the frame, common wrapping-twine will answer ; and if you don't get to it in time the bees will gnaw out the strings. First, lay the strings out straight on a board a little larger than the frame, lay the frame on the strings, fill in the comb, tie, raise board and all so the frame will be In the same position as when hanging In hive, then take board away. A Bceliincr'§ The Xcw Union and Arizona.— Last month the Secretary of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union re- ceived the following interesting letter from the Secretary of the Salt River Valley Honey-Producers' Association, Arizona, which speaks most emphatically for itself : Dr. a. B. Mason, Toledo, Ohio— Secretary United States nee-Keepers' Union. Dear Sir : — I enclose herewith draft for $24 in payment of membership fees for the persons named. At the last meeting of our Association I presented the claims of the New Union, and upon my suggestion it was de- cided to urge all our shippers to join, and in order that none should fail for the reason of being short of cash just now, we offered to advance the fee until returns are received from the first shipment of honey. The result Is 24 names, and I think that I will be able to get a few more. Whenever the proper time comes I favor changing the name from Union to Alliance or Association. The organiza- tion is a long move in the right direction, and I trust that bee- keepers all over the country will rally to its support. If at any time more funds are needed, let me know, and I think we can help you some. Very truly, J. Webster Johnston, Sec. Now that is a leader ! What a fine send-ofl that gives the New Union. And to think that it comes from a lot of bee- keepers who have " gone up S(iU River " to produce lioney .' Where Is the Association that will out-member the above in the New Union? We'd like to mention them. And Dr. Mason would be pleased to hear from them. Read Mr. .Johnston's letter again, and then send In your own membership fee. See " Beo-Keoper'.s Guide" offer on page 382. Queen-Bees in tlie mails.— Mr. C. M. Hicks, la Gleanings for June 1, mentions a very important matter con- cerning the mailing of queens, and suggests that all the bee- papers pass it along. We are glad to do so. He wrote : " A few years ago I got a queen, from a queen-breeder, in a second-hand cage. The candy was put Into the wrong end of the cage ; and in place of the cork he used a piece of corn- stalk. It must have dried out, or was Coo small when put in ; anyhow, when I took the cage out of the mail-bag, the queen was nearly out. I just said then that I wouldn't have had those bees get out in the mail for a dozen such queens." It doesn't seem pos.sible that any queen-breeder would be so infernally careless and shiftless as indicated by the above paragraph. As Mr. Hicks says, "queen-bees are mentioned in the Postal Guide as admissible when properly packt," and not otherwise. Just such slipshod work as Mr. H. tells about, is what would cause the exclusion of queen-bees from the mails, if anything would. We trust that if any of our readers have a similar experi- ence to that of Mr. Hicks, they will report the facts to us, with the name of the sender, so that he may be properly adver- tised, and bee-keepers warned not to patronize him. Any breeder that is guilty of such carelessness ought to be de- prived from the use of the mails in every way — ought to be eternally exiled to some small island in the Pacific Ocean. ■Why is It so many people are careless about paying their subscriptions for newspapers ? Like Dr. Miller, we " don't know." But we do know that not a few who are financially able and responsible permit their subscriptions for the American Bee Journal to get in arrears one, two and even more years if we are willing to continue to send the paper. Recently we cut off a large number of subscribers who were in arrears, simply because we could not bear the burden longer. Some of these were offended, while others said it was all right, and remitted what they owed us. We have sub- scribers who iusist that the paper shall be sent no longer than it is paid for. Others complain if we do this, and inti- mate that we are heartless. So there you are, and there we are. What is to be done ? The best thing for all concerned, for the subscribers as well as the publishers, is to send in re- newals promptly, and, if the paper is not wanted, to send us a postal card to that effect. We wish to do what is right, and have no desire to force the Bee Journal on any one. But we do ask those who know they are in arrears to send us the amount due at once, and if possible add the dollar for another year. -*-.-»^ Adulterated Honey.— The Sacramento (Calif.) Record-Union lately contained this paragraph : "In a recent address delivered at the National Musfeum in Washington by H. W. Wiley, the chemist of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, he displayed a sample of adulterated honey, which it was claimed, defied detection, and said that out of SOU samples be had purchast throughout the country 00 per cent, were adulterated. The adulterated honey that he showed was one of the cleverest of all adulterations, the manufacturers going so far as to put in remnants of bees' wings, legs, etc., to carry out the fraud. Of course, if the making of bogus honey has been brought to such a point of perfection as the Agricultural Department chemist's state- ments indicate, it is not going to be an easy task to stop the counterfeiting. Still, unless steps are taken to put an end to the sale of adulterated honey, one of the most important of California's interests will sufTer severely." It seems to us there never was greater need of an organi- zation like the United States Bee-Keepers' Union than right now. What bee-keepers must do Is (o get together and stay together in this fight, if they ever expect to accomplish any- thing against the adulteration of their product. There is a great work to be done, and In our opinion there Is nothing outside of a big, strong, united association of 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 377 bee-keepers that will eSFect aoythiug along the line Indicated in the quoted paraftrapb above. In view of the greatness and importance of the work to be accomplisht, there ought to be a membership of several thousand live bee-keepers secured right away. The objects to be gained are such as all bee- keepers are interested In, and upon which all should unite quickly, and with a determination to do the utmost to win the battle to be waged against the growing evil of honey-adultera- tion. Reader, what will i/oi( do about it ? Will you lend your influence and dollar to help in this just cause ? It is ymir own fight — entirely in your interest. Cheap Uucappiiig-Can.— Mr. J. H. Martin tells in the Rural Californian about an uncappine-can, as follows : Mr. R. A. Hitchings, of Los Angeles, who owns a large apiary in Verdugo canyon, and is a practical bee-man, uses two common galvanlzed-lron wash-tubs. Tub No. 1 is pro- vided with a honey-gat'i in the bottom, then inside within six inches from the top four stops or braces are soddered, so as to support tub No. 2. Many holes are puncht into this tub both in the bottom and five inches up the sides. There is a little space all around between tub No. 1 and tub No. 2, and the cappings have an excellent chance to drain. A wooden frame is fitted across the top upon which to un- cap. It is easily taken apart to clean, and can be made at an expense of less than §2.00, or according to the size of the tub used. When not in use the whole of it can be covered with a square of cheese-cloth. Let us be neat in our work, and use the Hitchings wash-tub uncappiug-cans. Bee-Hunting in tbe Okeefenokee. — The Chicago Record, speaking of Florida, says that one of the most remarkable features of the Okeefenokee region is the abundance of wild bees. One of the branches of the swamp bears the name of Bee-Haven Bay, and it is a common saying that every tenth tree is a bee-tree within an area of 20 or oO miles square. During the summer months the lake and ponds get very low, and a large portion of the swamp becomes dry land. Then the harvest of the bee-hunter begins. Two men will go into partnership, and, with a scrub steer hitcht to a two- wheeled cart loaded with tubs and kegs, they will start for the swamp armed with their rifles and axes. After the lapse of a week or ten days they will re-appear at the nearest sta-. tion laden with honey and beeswax and venison hams, which they will dispose of, and, purchasing a fresh supply of bacon, coffee and ammunition, they will return to the hunting ground. For a month or six weeks they will scour the woods until the winter rains set in and drive them back to their log buts on the sand ridges, with a supply of venison and wild- hog meat suiiicient for several months, and with a snug sum of money. Tl?e Weekly Budget. Mb. W. M. Babnum, editor of Colman's Rural World, and an experienced bee-keeper, writing us June 9, said : " I read the American Bee Journal every week with as much avidity as I did 15 years ago — and it's just as good." Mr. J. H. Martis, in the June Rural Californian says, in mentioning California honey : " The quality of honey this year is excellent, well ripened, fine flavor, and white All through the interior we bear favorable reports, but with the remark, 'It will be a short yield.'" Dr. C. C. Miller, writing us June 8, said : "Bees are getting ready to swarm ; white clover is open- ing out in the greatest abundance, but there is very little honey in the hives. The weather has been cold, so they could do nothing, and I'm beginning to feel just a little auxlous lest this may be one of those years when clover blooms but doesn't yield." Mr. F. Bussler, a bee-keeper in Mexico, writing us May 31, said : "In the exhibition of Cojoacan I got the first prize and $100cash. I was the only oue, and the first one, that ever exhibited things like that here, I think. I have now quite a little trade In hives aud bees, and get many letters asking for information." Mr F. L. Thompson, of Montrose Co., Colo., writing m June 5, said : "I am running an apiary of 128 colonies on shares. I had a May 10th swarm, too— the day after I got here. So far, 2G colonies have swarmed, tho alfalfa has not yet bloomed to amount to anything. I am extremely busy, but hope to have something to write about later." Mr. J. D Everett, a iOcolony bee-keeper about 10 miles west of Chicago, called on us last week. He had about 1,.500 pounds of comb honey last year from his apiary. He uses the Heddon hive, aud wouldn't have any other. Mr. Everett has very little time to devote to his bees, running them entirely as a side-issue. Bat he some day wishes to in- crease to 100 colonies. He hives each swarm in oue of the Heddon half-brood-chambers, on full sheets of foundation, and then puts the super on at once. He has no trouble about getting the bees into the sections. "The Van Allen & Williams HosEr-ExTRACTOR is, I believe, the only extractor on this market that is really an automatic reversible machine. By simply slowing up the motion and reversing the direction of the crank, the comb baskets are reversed. The old Stanley machine accomplisht the same thing, but in a much less desirable manner than it is done by the Van Allen & Williams. This machine costs but a trifle more than other reversible extractors, and it should be remembered that to get along without a tool that saves labor is the worst kind of extravagance." So says Editor Hutchin- son in the May Review. Mr. N. E. France— the Wisconsin State Inspector of Apiaries— has begun his work of foul brood investigation, and in a communication dated June 5, says : "I find many Wisconsin bee-keepers who did not know their bees were diseased, and nearly every case is "where they do not take a bee-paper." That surely speaks well for the work the bee-papers are doing. We have no doubt other foul brood inspectors find the same condition of things. The wise, up-to-date, and progres- sive and successful bee-keeper will always be found with a good beepaper in the house— and will read it, too. Mr. J. T. Calvert, of The A. I. Root Co., writing us June 9. had this to say about the honey crop prospects: " Mr. A. I. Root has just returned from a trip to Belmont Co., Ohio, and says he never saw white clover any thicker, but lots of honey is going to waste, as bee-keepers have had so many poor seasons they are discouraged and not prepared for it. Those who take advantage of present conditions will get a good crop, and I anticipate a bigger season next year than this, if this season winds up as favorably as it has opened. The conditions all over the country seem to be very promising, judging from reports and orders that come in." Mr. Gcs Dittmer— a successful Wisconsin bee-supply dealer and comb foundation maker, and one of our regular advertisers — wrote us as follows June 7 : " I have had such a rush this spring that something had to be done to meet the June trade. I have succeeded in raising about two tons of beeswax, and now keep two machines going. and I think that I can weather it. I sold as much up to May 1 as all of last year, and now buy sections by the carload." We are glad to see those prosper who advertise in the Bee Journal. It shows that it pays to patronize our advertis- ing columns, if real help is desired in building up a paying business. ^-•-» Xoiv is tUe Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offers made on page 382 ? 378 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 17, QuGstior)-Box> In tbe multitude of counsellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Best Style and Size of Scction^i. Query 53.— What style and size of sections Iplease give exiict dimensions! do you prefer to use for comb honey '/— Q. E. France— iJix4:Jixl%. Chas. Dadant & Son— 4^x1%. Jas. A. Stone — 4'-4x4Mxl% inches. R. L. Taylor— 4yx4»4, 7 to the foot. Prof. A. J. Cook— The standard 414X- 4^. P. H. Elwood — 4-piece dovetail, 4x- 4Kxl?<. G. M. Doolittle — o.'axo^^xlj^, outside measure. Emerson T.Abbott— 4 ?4x4Kxl%, open all around. J. M. Hambauph — I prefer the regular 4iix4Mxl%. Mrs. L. Harrison— 4}^x4Ji. They hold usually an exact pound. J. A. Green — One-piece, open top and bottom, 4}4x4j.4, 7 to the foot. A. F. Brown — 3%x5xlJ^ inches, bot- tom and top opened full width from side to side. Dr. A. B. Mason — 4i4x4}f four-piece, but they are more expensive in more ways than one. H. D. Cutting— It all depends upon what you do with your honey ; 4J^x4j4- xl% is a good size. C. H. Dibbern — I use the whitewood 4-piece dovetail section, size 4Jix4'4X- 1%, outside measure. W. G. Larrabee — Four-piece, 4 ;ix4 ^4'- xlK, with top and bottom same width the whole length. Rev. M. Mahin — I use sections .jxi.ix- 13^. But I am not sure but that if I used another style of hive I would prefer 4Kx4Kx2. G. W. Demaree— Simply 4'4'x4;4xl;!i. I would prefer a little larger section if they were as handy to "tier up," but they are not. Dr. J. P. H. Brown — I use mostly sec- tions 4,'4x4'4 : but I can get more honey from oblong sections — bee-eiitranco from the lomjest side. Dr. C. C. Miller— I don't know. At present I'm using 4Jix43ixl%, but I'm ready to change if there seems sullicient Inducement. Possibly 1% might be bet- ter than 1%. Eugene Secor — I use nothing but -i'i- x4'4. I prefer a 4-piece whitewood sec- tion to anything I ever used. Width to correspond with style of super; separa- tors always for line product. J. E. Pond— 4^x4)4x1%. I use the SImpllclty-Langstroth hive, and these Bections Just nt Into the hive. I do not think the style makes much difference, but I should want the sections to hold about 14 to 1<) ounces of honey. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and wo will send them sample copies of the Bkb Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and tesure some of the premiums we olTcr. Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTINa. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish MTIlite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7J^ cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6}.4 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price ; also in 270-lb. barrels. ISW A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, III. New London, "Wisconsin, Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-Improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and Is absolutely accurate. ITor Sections, the clearest and whitest Bass'wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the American Bee .Tournal. 7Atf BEE-KEEPEES "We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free Illustrated Catalog; ami Pricc-L,isl. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special \gn\i for the Southwest-^- ^- ^^''%^'joseph,.Mo. mr. Abboll sells our llivcs and Sci'lioiis at Taclory Prices. That Queen-Clippiiig Device Free I Workii Like a Charm. Couldn't Do Without It. The Monelte Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHAHM. With It I bave clipped 30 queens, all in one day, when examlulni? my bees. Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us juxt one new tmme for the American Bee Journal a yenr (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device fkee of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will lie sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 'M cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. I have clipped in cjuuens. and must say the Monette Queen-Cllpiiiiis Device Is by far the liest Invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bco-kccpers as it was 10 me. 1 could not do without one now. Du. Geo. L.acke, Newburgh, Ind, IS97. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 379 BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID BV Georse W. York & Co., Chlciiffo, Ilia* Beea and llouey, or Mtinagentent of nn Apiary !or Pleasure and Protlt, by Thomas G. Newman.— rhis edition has been larjirely re-wrlttt-n. thurouuhly revised, and is •' fully up wUh the times " In all tlie tmprovemums and Inventions In this rapldly-devel- Oplng pursuit, and presents the nj'larlst with everythlnj; that can aid In the successful luanaKe- meut of uti aptary, and at the same tlrae produce the mu?t honuy In an attractive cundlthm. it con- tains 2,'»u piik't-;-. nud 'l\ii Illustrations— is beautifully printed In tiie lilu'lioststvie of the art. and bound In cluth, Kuld-k-itcred. Trice. fl-UU. l^aniffstroth on the Houey-Bee* revised by Dadaut— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of evcrythltK.' relatlnt; to bees and bee-keep- ing. Nu apiarian library Is complete without this Standard wuik by Hev. L. L. LaneBtroth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has o^U pages; twund In cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Bee-K.eci»er»* Gnlde* or Manual of the Aptary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural CoUej-'e.— This book Is nut only Instructive and helpful as a Kulde In bec-keeplni;;. but Is interesting and ihoroiiirhly practical and scientific. Itcontalns a full delineation of the anatomy and physlulotry of t>ee9. 4tMJ pages ; bound In cloih and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, SI. 25. Scientific Queen- Kearlne, as Practically Applied, by G. M. DuoUttle.— A method by which the very best of iJueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. ITiI pages, bound lo Cloth, and illustrated. Price. $1.U0. JL B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopa-dlu of 4'.KJ pa;:es. describing everything pertalnliiK to the care of the houey-bees. It con- tains :tUOengravlnt:s. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.35. * Advance*! Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and Manat;ement. by \V. '/,. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is toy well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertalnlntr writer. Vou should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 60 cts. Katlonnl Bee-lt.eeplnBr, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German book on beeculturc. It has ooO pages: bound In paper covers, Sl.tX) Blenen-Kultnr* by Thomas G. Newrian. ^ Tbls is a German translation of theprlnclpci por- tion of the btxik called Bees of Honey. 10- page pamphlet. Price. JU cents. Convention lland-Book, for Bee-Keepers. . Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order fur Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tlfcirtv Vears Amons llie Been, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work <►! the kind. Nearly lou pages. Price, 50c. ^VIi jr Fal Honey 1— This Leaflet is intend- ed for KRRE distribution, to create a Local Market. lOOcopiea, by mail. 30ct8.: 500 for$l.:J5; luo*), $'2.(X). Hoiv to Keep Honey and preserve its richness and tlavor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Al»lke Clover Iieaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for l'5 cts. ; pn) for 4o cts.; :iOO, 7uc. Apiary Resl«»tcr, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colonv. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies. $1.00; for lOo colonies. $1.25. FreparitClun ol* Honey for the Market, Including tlic pioUuctlon and care of comb and extracted hoii.-v. a chapter from Bees Axr Ho.NEV. price. lU Cents Bec-PasturuKe a Necessity.— This book sug gests what anil how to plac It la a chapter fron Bees axu Uunev Price. 10 cents. The Hive I l'»e, by G. M. Doollttle. It details hie maDa^eaientof bees, and methods of producing comb honey. Price. 5 cents. Pr. Howard^s Rook on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEroy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, -r. cis. Dictionary of Aploulture« by Prof. John Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 500 api- cultural terms. Price. 50 cts. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeptnjr. by G. B. Pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. 5U cts. Handlins Ilees, by Chas Oadant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price. 8 eta. HiNtory of Bee-Associaiious. and Brief Re- ports of the first 2'j conventions. Price 15 cts Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Caii^t* nud Prevention. Price, 10 cts. FonI Brood, liy A. R. Kohnke.— Orig-tn. Development and Cure. Price. 25 cts. Honey ann Food and .Hedieine, by T. G. Newman.— A ;iL'-p;ii;e pamphlet : just the thing to create a demand lor honey at home. Should be scattered freely. ( 'mh tains recipes for Honey-Cakes, Cookies. Pudding's, t'.iam, Wines, and uses of honey for medicine. Prices, prepaid— Single copy, 5 cts.; 10 copies. 35 ctB.; oufor$1.5n: pn.ior S2.50; 250 for $5.5U; 500 forfin.iH.); or liM-of'TSiS-tK). "When 250 or more are ordered, we will print the bee-keeper's card (free of cost) on the front cover page. Practical HiniH to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by Chas. F. Muth. ,\1so contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 30 cts. Bee-Keepins; lor Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's "new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." «o p. ; illustrated. 25c. Emerson Binders, made especially for the Bee Jocrnai.. are convenient for preserving each number as last as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. To cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book conjluned in one. Every farmer and businessman shouKl have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, call finish. Price, 4o cts. No. 2 in fine artiijciat leutlier. with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green's Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to. 1st, How We .Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd. Peach Culture: >ird, How to Propagate Fruit- Plants. Vines and Trees; 4th. General Fruit In- structor. Nearly iiio payes. Fully illustrated. 2.5ct8. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green, —Gives full instructiuna in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporatiun, Culd Storage, Etc. 94 pages, iHue- trated. Price. -5 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positii.ins u! sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. En^'lish or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silaae, by Prof. A. J. Coot.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price. '2b cts. fjumber and Log-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. Maple Susar and the Stig-ar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price. 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizin^, by Br. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ann thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price. 30 cts. Onr Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and Huw to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Eveiyihing about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for .^larkel and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.- Tells everything about the Poultry Busine!li-ll|j;hl. \\ itli I i" rX"X K K A )()()( )( ""' ""''•►■^ AITOMATU; Jlurlilnr « fjAAAAAA|W [2'^ to "20 ctsVa 'Rod". ♦ /\/\/\)()(/(XXn)^ kItsELMAN BROS.'," t 48Etf A/snrion t/w Ai^^.ricxin Bet tounw'. Golden Italian. 3 Banded. Ciirnlolan and Im- ported. Barred Plj-mouth Ko k eggs. All at Uvinjf jirloes. Catalog free. J F. Michael, Creeuville, Ohio. 14Etf Please mention the Bee Journal. ^Steel Wheels -/ ■ 'isM 1 Staggered Oval Spokes. j V CHEAPEST AND BEST \ ■-'- / i \ '^iiS '"''^ to i_^rt a Inr M-iiffoil. Aity.-.izo V / i \ VjS' ,, I,,., I, a]iv wiillli lire, f.atal. inicE. Hiil^ELECTRIC WHEEl CO., Quincy, 111. 20Eia Mentton the American Bee Journal. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 51b lOIb 25fti 50ft AlsikeClover 70 $1.25 83.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. TRANSFERRING "A'fv If you contemplate buying either three or Ave band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. If you need some of the best now. send 75 cts. for one. $4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full Instructions for Introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be sent free. Money Order office— Warrenton. W. H. PKIDGEN, 21A13t Creek, Warren Co., N. C. Mentlxyr. the .AnierU'un Bee Jmvnial, Bee -Hives, Sections, Shipping- Cases— everything used by bee- > keepers. Orders filled nromptlv. 5 Send for catalog MUXE.SOTA llEE- KEEfERS' SIPPLV MFli. Wt., Nicollet Island, Minneapolis. Minn. 82Atf C'HAS. MONDENG, Mgr. Our '97 Cataloff —OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. ts yours f or th e asking. It is full of Information. ^'~ Write for It. I. J. STRIWOHAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N. Y. Apiarv— Glen Cove, L. I. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Kgi:fi perfectly llirough warm weather, .lust as good .18 fresh ones lor cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. Vou can R reserve them lor about 1 cent per dozen. ow Is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address lor Circular giving further Infor- niation— Dr. A. B. ITIASON, 3512 Monroe Street, - Toledo, Ohio. being two swarms together, lookt no farther, but placed my new hive there as before, but when they broke cluster they came back to No. 1 and commenced bunching in the grass in front. I let the queen go into hive No. 7, and placed a trap in front, and stirred them up at No. 1 in the grass, and caged that queen, and hung her cage upon a limb, and they clustered around her. I placed the two hives close together, with foun- dation and a brood-frame in each. I then shook the bees in front of both, let the No. 1 queen out, and I saw her go in, and the bees followed with a rush. 1 noticed that many bees crost over from in front of No. 1 to No. 7, and vice versa, and now I am wondering if each swarm found their own queen. We are having very cold, rainy, backward weather of late, and bees are not doing much, neither is corn, and corn is king here. But we are living in hopes of bet- ter days. H. W. Congdon. Cass Co., Nebr., May 31. Backward Season. The season is very backward. Bees are beginning to swarm some. There is plenty of clover, and a few days of warm sunshine will improve things greatly. J. M. Young. Cass Co., Nebr., June 5. A Swarming Record. My bees are having lots of fun with me this year. I aimed to be ready for swarming about this time, and was con- gratulating myself that they would not get a chance to push me this year, but 11 swarms is the record up to date, and not half of the 10 colonies (spring count) have swarmed yet; they commenced April 30. White clover is now in bloom ; fruit-bloom was destroyed by rains. B. F. Onderdonk. Passaic Co., N. J., May 29. Swarming — Bee-Spaces. A great deal has been said in the Bee Journal about the swarming fever, how to prevent swarming, non-swarming bees, breeding out the swarming habit, etc. Now I don't want to beenlightened on the subject of breeding out the swarming habit, for I am afraid that would reduce the number of bees to a 0. But what I would like to learn Is, how to prevent that big young colony they have built up by depleting the old, or mother colony, from swarming. It is all very plain, that if the old colony is so depleted and weakened that she can't, she won't cast a second swarm. So if you bleed your horse until he is very weak, there is no danger of his jumping the fence. Our early swarms, without any build- ing up from the mother colony except what they get in natural swarming, are almost sure to swarm about 40 days after hiving them, and generally a sec- ond swarm comes oH a week or 10 days later. Now I would like very much to know how to prevent this big first swarm from swarming. I want each strong colony to swarm once, but I would like to have them stop swarming right there. A word about bee-spaces, as that has just been a subject of discussion. One thing that I have not noticed in the "Old Reliable" is, the fact that boos ft v o"'^ ^ «;■<>',' 'i»l!iJK '>o9-' and one which will support you when the fell hand of disease is upon you, and which will bring you b.icU to perfect health and strength, putting a ' ring in your voice, a sparkle in your eye and a spring in your walk is that world en= dorsed remedy „ It never fails in all those dis- eases brought about by dis- ordered Kidneys and Liver and is a positive cure for 1 RSlpMT'S DISEASE '^^ U^IS'^.^^ TROUBLES f^l^^k^ COMPLAINTS •/ 91^^'^*'- DEBILITY ■'' AND MALARIA. Try a bottle and you will add your testimony to the thous- ands already cured by it. Beware of substitutes. There is nothing "just as good" as Warner's Safe Cure. Mention the j^inerican Bee JoumaL Vital S Water ! Has never failed to cure Blood and Skin Dis- eases. The effect of Vital Water upon dis- eases of the Kidney and Liver Is magical and permanent. Send for FREE pamphlet. Forest Medicinal Sprims Co, Lock Box No. 1 I^IBERTYVILLG, ILL. Mention the Amertcan Bee Journal We have a {qw of these Kmerson stitr cloth- board hinders I'or the Aiiiericau IJee .lournal. They make a spltniJhl permaDCnt hiudlng, and hold a full year's (lumbers. Tlie old price was T.> ets.. postpaid, but wt,' will mail you ouo for only Boriv .ixu Supers espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordingly. Send for CataloR and Price-List. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Atf Box 187, SHEBorCAN. Wis. Dipsi j College i Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial. La- dles Literary. Sborthahd and Typewriting. Efficient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. IjEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pres. (tueeii<« aiitl Qiieera-Rearinsp. — If you want to know how to have queens fertilized in upper stories while the old queen is still laying below; how you may safety introduce any queen, at any time of the year when bees can fly; all about the different races of bees ; aU about shipping queens, queen-cages, candy for queen- cages, etc. ; all about forming nuclei, mul- tiplying or uniting bees, or weak colonies, etc. ; or, in fact, everything about the queen-business which you may want to know — send for Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-Rearing " — a book of over 170 pages, which is as interesting as a story. Here are some good offers of this book : Bound in cloth, postpaid, $1.00 ; or clubbed with the Bee Jouknal for one year — both for only $1.75 ; or given free as a premium for sending us '"" new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year at $1.00 each. A Book Recoramciided by llr. Gallup. THENEWMETHOD In Health and Disease. By W. K Forest. M. \J.. 12th Kdition. He- vised. Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and be^ work ever publisht as a Home I'iiysician, and as A CiiiiUlf to llcaltli. It makes the way from W«'al»ne!»s to !$ii-<>uglU so plain that only those who are past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings «-aiiii«>t be siclt. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving the need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not a tlriig: ii*<>aiiu<-nl. All I'liroiiic Diseases are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the 'A'"" .l/<(//()(/.-. " given here: even those who have been pronounced Coii- siiiiipl ive have been entirely cured. While for ICIieiiinalisiii, ■■■.V!>enl:'iry, ■..Iver and liidney 'I'i'oiiltU-s. Catarrli. l^iiiiii-ia- lion. <-l>iiity. .>«-i-v- oiiM I'^vliaiislion. Ikiiseaiies I*e- ciiliai* lo tVonieii. etc.. the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A 4>iiaraiitce. So confident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try " New Methods " thoroughly, if the book is re- turned in good condition. Xlie >'eM- Editiou is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht, and others made ex- pressly for this work; contains 300 pages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though theprice.of the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was ■*3..50, we sell this at -^l.OU. postpaid. PRE.nil M OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail yen the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEORGr, W. YORK & CO,, CHICAGO, ILLS. impr*ove^d Mathliie for Sheeting Wax. This machine oroduces a continuous sheet of uniform thickness and any width desired dlrectlj' from the melted wax. No lapping- or welding done in this proces. This machine is a rapid worker, simple in construction, easily operated either by hand or steam power, and price within reach of any supply dealer. Cor- respondence solicited. Sample sent on receipt of order and postajre. Patent allowed March 18. 1S9T. THOS. EVANS. Lansing, Iowa. UNG DISEASES. 30 years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. Illlfll'o HONEY-EXTRACTOR lUUlll Is Square Glass Jars. Koot's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepeks' Sitppmes in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. " Practical Hints " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas, F. Mnth k Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. 384 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 17, 1897. ■i B^ ■■ Wk •* Copy of [DLL Successful Bee-Keepiiig, r n ■ ■ by W. Z. HutchlnBon ; fl 1 1 k k and our 1897 Catalog, for 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the Catalog Tor tlie Askln:;. We make almost ETcryihlug used by Bee-Kcepers, and at liOATost Prlcfs. (ir» Falcon Polislit Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie best— hucIi a« ive make. The Imerif au Bee - Keeper [moDlhly. now ia its 7th year] 36 I»ages~50 Cents a Year. b AMPLE Free— Addhess, TBEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. T. ^^^ 5=^ DANZENBAKER ^1 ^i HIVE AND HONEY £iv' won Highest Honors at the j ^ ^ ^^ Fairs, and pays Premiums ^^^^^ '^ to purchasers of ..0 hives ,$50 for the best 100 I)anz. sections 25 •• 50 20 '■ 40 10 •' 20 " 5 ■• 10 " •• 20 " .. 10 .. " 5 •' ^~ Further particulars regarding- the nrc- mlums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and Sj stem, furnlsht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Daiizenbaker, Medina, Oliio. (are The A. I. Hoot ('oiiipaiiy. Tlaa description and flcC price-list of the ¥\|^nm Ana Alast h'opular £*^* Honey ■ Extractor on the market. Will save its cost in Time and and Combs in one reason. Address, Van Allen & Williams, Barnuni, Wis, 8Etf M'TitimiThe Arne.rlcxinBee Jimma-- I ARISE T'O SAY to the readere i. of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOI^lTTIiE has concluded to sell — BEKS and QUKBN8- \n their Beaeun, during 1897, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liKhtahlppinfr-boi $6 00 Five CofonleB 2500 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i (to 6 " queens 5 50 12 *' " 1000 t teste'l Queen... «i 50 a '* Queens. 3 so 1 select tested queen 2 (jO 3 '* " Queens 4 (X) Belecttested queen, previous season's rearlnK . 4 oO Bxtra Selected for breedinK. the vbkt best.. 5iUy if you ordi'i- now.otsole.idlin; varii'tifs. Send l.''.!' -K fortllolnr«B»t iinil iiiohI comiilnte rrailCf.v ./N'lui.leeviir JOHN BAUSCHER, Jr. !tl'i..lV>li»lie ~ Ho ill, Freeport, Ills lOAliH MtnUoH Ute Aiiierican Itcc JuurtuU. S Dadant's Foundation S Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IBJ 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent Weed Process of Stteeting-. !^entl I\aiiie *or Our Cnlitlog:, Sniiiple<« ot Foiiiitlation and Veil JVIaterial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. trMNeSTROI'H Om TTKB HQN®YsBE®, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 4ieMowiO'^e 41 t 1 EEzniZZ] Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : IVo. 1 Snow-Whilc. No. 1 Crcaiii. 500 for $1.25 ■ 500 for .^1.00 1000 for 2.50 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 4.75 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 6.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Pricc-I.>ist of Sections, Foiinilatioiis, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. C435t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. ROOT'S GOODS ! •"» ^W Before placing your order for this season, be sure to send for Root's 1897 Catalog, Ready Now. Our 1897 Hives, with improved Danzy Cover and Improved Hoffman Frames are simply "out of sight." Acknowledged by all who have seen them to be a great improvement over any hive on the market, of last year. Comb Foundation jTjj ji^_^_^ «^ jy. Cheaper and better than ever — clear as crystal, for you ^^. ^!3® /T can read your name through it. Process and machinery pat- ented Dec. 8, 1896. Samples of the New Foundation free. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. BK,A.1TCI€ OFFICE3S : I IS IVIicliigiui St., ChicHKO, III. Syracu§e, !V. Y. 10'.J4 miss. Str., St. Paul, Iflinn. RIcclianic Fulls, Maine. 10 Vine St., Pliihulelpliia, Pa. PiatUsUt Weetd-y at IIS Alichig-aji SIrett $1.00 a Vear— SompJe Copy P^ree. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JUNE 24, 1897. No. 25. •* Advauced" or Progressive " Bee-Keepiug — Drones. BY S. A. DEACON. " To Dro}ie or vot to Dnnie : that in tfw tju^slioii.^^ We have most of us, I think, heard of charlatans and magicians, who — the former with their nostrums and the lat- ter with their enchantments, abracadabras, and their general hocum-pocum — profess the ability to rejuvenate old women and men ; and in some hitherto inaccessible corner of this globe there is said to be a fountain, or well, of perpetual youth. But, without the aid of empiric, wizard or well, our industry — Bee-Keeping — is always seemingly in its infancy, forever " muling and puling in its nurse's arms." True, we advance — and so does a crab — in a kind of a way; but our fitful, spasmodic attempts at progress ever bring us back to the position known to statesmen as the statxis quo ante, or, to the drill sergeant as that of " As you were I" We seem, somehow, to get no "forrader," despite all our much-vaunted knowledge and skill. Can the term, "Advanced Bee-Keeping," or "Bee-Keep- iug by Advanced Methods," be deemed altogether a justifiable or appropriate one-when we hear of veterans — men who are verging on, or have already past, the allotted three-score years and ten — cooking their meals with "modern appli- ances," and going back to a style of hive and system of man- agement which they unhesitatingly affirm they used and adopted more successfully 35 years or more ago? Can we be said to advance, or our progress be deemed other than crablike, when the long-practiced and highly-approved methods of one set of experts are all at once vigorously denounced by another set — as, for instance, in the matter of using drawn combs ia sections — or when such bright apiarists as the late Mr. B. Taylor, pile up their double brood-chamber hives for future use as fire-wood, while Messrs. Ilutchinson and E. L. Taylor cannot praise this style of hive sufficiently high; when Mr. Golden starts teaching us that we are all wrong in placing our surplus receptacles above the brood, and advocates putting them under, thus substituting "subs" for "supers," and adding another word to our already too lengthy technical vocabulary ; and when numbers of e-xperienced bee-men, who, years ago, renounced the use of large hives for the production of comb honey, are showing every disposition to abandon the 8-frame hive, and revert to that of 10 ? With such divergence of opinion obtaining among the leading lights of our industry on matters of such primary im- portance, no one need allow himself to be deterred from pub- licly airing his opinions, or from offering suggestions, which, opposing fixt ideas, may seem the most outre and absurd im- aginable. He may even suggest the placing of hives on their sides, hinging the doors, and sliding the horizontally-lying frames in and out like so many drawers, and defy the jeers and cynical taunts of his brother apiarists; for that which is ridiculed or scouted as impracticable to-day in our pursuit is eagerly adopted to-morrow, while a device patented and crackt up to the skies one day, serves to boil the kettle the next. Thank goodness, there's no such thing as an ^pistical In- quisition, as there once was a Pa;ji.stical one ; or, if there were, and with either Dr. Miller, Mr. Doolittle, or the Rev. E. T. Abbott in Torqr.emada's chair, I greatly fear that my days, like my hives, would be numbered, for the monstrously heretical, amazingly and daringly unorthodox suggestion, or interrogatory, which I am about to place before your readers, and which to save their nerves from too sudden and violent a shock, I have preluded with the above jeremiad, or burden of complaint. And now to the point — be the consequences what they may ! Are the majority of our most Intelligent, most obser- vant and most experienced bee-keepers thoroughly convinced that they are standing on firm ground la concluding that the suppression of drones, either by trapping, cutting out drone- comb and otherwise ensuring that there shall be only worker- 386 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 2i, comb in their hives, is as wise a proceeding as it is generally supposed to be ? What says the Oracle of Lapeer hereauent ? Who was it gave it as his opinion, not so very long ago, that he no longer restricted the breeding of drones in his api- ary, convinced that he got as much, if not more, honey than when he trapt them, or prevented their increase ? I have for- gotten just who it was, but I Icnow it was one of the frater- nity whose opinions on most matters pertaining to our pur- suit are always respectfully received. He said something, I remember, about the presence of drones stimulating the work- ers to greater energy, and generally inducing a more pros- perous state of the colony — which more than paid for their board and lodging, and fully compensated for their displace- ment of the nectar-gathering workers. Can it possibly be that we are here on the wrong track, too ? and that we are nearing the time when the great makers of "foundation" will be running their works over time to keep pace with the demand for drone-comb foundation ? That's all. Don't be too rough on me; I'm only a be- ginner, and am always wanting to know, you know. Perhaps the Question-Box might be made to serve us a good turn here — unless, Mr. Editor, you are afraid of the inquisitors ! If you will kindly lend the Box for the occasion I would suggest that the matter be put somewhat in this way, viz : 1. Do you think the advantages gained from the elimina- tion of drones to bo as great as is generally claimed, or are they over estimated ? 2. Are there not in your opinion counterbalancing advan- tages derivable from their presence in the hive in numbers more approaching to what Nature proportions them, and which we may possibly haveoverlookt ? 3. Given an equal number of colonies, with queens of one age, and all of equal strength, one set with combs of their own building, and hence no restraint as to drone-rearing, and the other set with only worker-combs, and hence incapacitated from rearing drones, what, in your estimation, would be the difference, approximately, in amount of surplus honey har- vested ? The question is. Has not Master Drone been unfairly dis- paraged? Has he not been condemned solely on circumstan- tial evidence ? Must we not reconsider our verdict? Have not our arguments and opinions concerning his raison d'etre, and in favor of his extinction, been mere prima /acie ones ? Have we been quite justified in saying that "he is a greedy, useless fellow, away with him ?" The South African Boer, I know, rejoices in the presence of drones, either in his old box-hive or in the hollow old tree. To him they indicate a rich booty, and experience has taught him that a tree-nest containing but comparatively few drones will not repay the labor of felling ; but then it must be con- fest that he is an illogical, primitive-minded, conservative sort of being, and is very prone to mistake cause for effect. What we want is the actual result, or record, of intelli- gent observation and experiment " along this line," and I feel sure there are not a few in the front rank of our highly inter- esting pursuit who can give it, and so set the matter at rest and for aye. South Africa. California Notes and Comments. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. The white sage of California has now been in bloom for three or four weeks, and Is yet one mass of bloom, and will continue so for some weeks to come. The buckwheat has been open for about two weeks, and will remain in blossom until December. These are both excellent honey-plants In South- ern California. The black or ball sago is just opening In the canyons, and will from this on furnish a good supply of nec- tar. The orange-bloom and buckthorn are now out of bloom, but have furnisht, during the last spring, an unusually large amount of sweets for the bees, owing doubtless to the abun- dant rains of last winter. A leguminous plant, Hosackia glabra, and a rosaceous plant, Horkella callfornica, are in bloom here the whole summer, and are always attractive to the bees except when white sage or some other better plants call them elsewhere. This is now my fourth season In South- ern California, and I have never in that time noticed the flowers so long in bloom as they have been this year. CARLOAD.S OF HoNEY. — It is reported that San Diego county will ship 50 carloads of honey the present season. I doubt if that county is proportionally any better than any of the other Southern California counties. All of Southern Cali- fornia, from Santa Barbara to Riverside, and from Redlands to San Diego, is equally iine for honey-production. This sea- son, owing to the copious rains of the past winter, is going to be one of the best, unless hot winds or some other unforeseen evil comes to prevent. Extracted Honey. — There are several reasons why Cali- fornia will always produce extracted honey rather than comb. We have a long distance to ship our honey, and the sections are very likely to be torn from the frames, and thus the mar- ket seriously damaged. The insects are also quite trouble- some in California, especially ants, and for this reason it is more convenient to produce extracted honey, as when that is once in hand there is no longer any danger from ants or other insects. Another thing that urges most bee-keepers to ex- tract rather than produce comb honey, comes from the fact that many are not genuine bee-keepers, and they find it more profitable for unskilled hands to produce honey in the ex- tracted form. It is conceded everywhere that it takes very much less of skill and ability to meet with the best of success in the production of extracted than it does to produce comb honey. SmrriNG Honey. — It was my privilege last year to ship several tons of honey. In marketing this large amount, there were only two complaints made by the purchaser. One was that in some cases old cans were used, and the other that the grades of honey were mixt. It is often very convenient to clean old gasoline cans and use them for extracted honey ; the fact that such cans can be had for almost or quite nothing, is tempting indeed. I believe, however, that it will always pay to only use clean, new, bright cans. It is also just as important to be very careful not to mix the amber or darker grades of honey with the water-white grades. It requires no little care to keep all of these kinds of honey entirely distinct. By a little attention, however, this can be done, and unless it is, much of the first-class honey, like that from white sage, will sell for less than Its real value. Kingbird a Friend. — One of our students shot a Califor- nia kingbird the other day, and found In Its stomach several worker-bees. From my knowledge of this student I am sure that the information is authentic. The next day he shot another bird and brough it to me. Although it was shot near the apiary, I did not find a single bee in its stomach. There was one large robber-fly, species of Asllus, and a large nu'»iber of harmful insects. As is well known, these robber-flies are among our most energetic predaceous Insects, and do a great deal of good. It is interesting that the robber-lly is also an enemy to the bees. Only a few days ago a gentleman from Tipton, Calif., sent me one of these large robber-flies, with red legs, saying that he had taken it while it was killing bees. Thus we see that the kingbird befriends the bees by destroying one of their worst enemies, even if it does at times kill the bees themselves. I think on the whole the kingbird is really our friend. Los Angeles Co., Calif., June 4. ly See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page 382. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 887 To Help Stop the Adulteration of Honey. By C. p. DADANT. It looks now as if it were impossible for the two Bee- Keepers' Unions to unite, as their leaders evidently disagree. This is much to be regretted, for " in union is strength." We must, however, do the best under the circumstances, and try to make both of these associations useful to the general bee- keeper. It appears that the new association is likely to undertake the prevention of adulteration of honey, which the old Union has considered out of its scope. If this is done, and done properly, both of these associations may live and be useful. In an editorial in Gleanings for May, Editor Root recom- mends that the New Union take steps to procure pure food laws, beginning with the State of Illinois, and recommends that Mr. Stone and myself be sent to the State Legislature to button-hole the members so as to obtaiu the passage of such a law. Mr. Root has evidently more faith in my capacity as a lobbyist than I have myself, for I would make a sorry poli- tician. But let me ask, Is it really necessary to have more laws than we now have to prevent the sale of glucose under the label of honey ? Can a man sell you salt for sugar, or dust for pepper, garlic far onions, or silver for gold, with impu- nity ? If so, we are not a ci.vilized race, and ail the vaunts of the so-called progressive men are empty bubbles. I am not a lawyer, and perhaps my reasoning goes astray, but, in my opinion, we need less laws than action. If, with the present existing laws, we were to cause an examination and analysis to be made of the honey sold by suspicious firms, and, upon evidence of adulteration, if we were to give them a notice that they must discontinue to proffer such goods under the name of honey ; if we were to sue them for selling glucose under the label of a better article; if we were to give notice to the buyers, especially the small dealers through the country, that the adulterated goods of these firms would be followed, and the sale of them prevented by suits — I believe that we could, perhaps not do away altogether, but decrease the sale of these goods to such an extent that no damage would any longer be done to our industry. I have seen adulterated honey on the counters of some of our grocers here at home. After I told them that it was not pure they discontinued buying it. Yet there was evidently some profit in it for them, for they could sell it at a price that would destroy the competition of pure honey. But these men were honest, and did not wish to knowingly sell a spurious article. Two or three wholsesale firms, in Keokuk, Iowa, kept this adulterated stuff. If I had been able to go to them with a statement of analysis of the honey, or rather of the glucose in question, backt by a Bee-Keepers' Union well or- ganized and ready for a fight in the interest of its stock- holders, it is my opinion that I would have had no trouble in getting these folks to drop the handling of those goods. There are scoundrels in this world, but there are plenty of men who will not support a fraud if they know it to be a fraud. The majority is honest. If it were not so, the laws would be made in the interest of the dishonest. What we need more than anything else is publicity and information that will enlighten the public. Do not tell me that the people like to be humbugged. They do not, but In many cases they are unable to judge for themselves. Such Is the case with honey. Too many people still think that to be good, honey must be liquid, and pass judgment more upon the looks than upon the taste of what they buy. That is why fraud is so easy in the honey line. The consumer helps the swindler. But the consumer can be enlightened and made to discern the true article. It takes some time, it is true, but if we strike at the root, by informing the middle- man, in an equivocal manner, we will soon succeed. What if we pass a pure food law, supposing that our legis- lators cared for it enough to accede to our requests ! We would still have to see that the law was enforced. Let us go at it now and see that the present laws are enforced. I be- lieve we have enough to serve our purpose. Of what use is a law that is not enforced ? To what pur- pose is the liquor law, in most cities of Iowa ? But whenever the people are so educated that they wish it, the evil will soon be stopt. So it is with adulteration. Let the bee-keepers once decide that it must be stopt, and it soon will be. Hancock Co., 111. Cheap Uncapping-Can — Fumigating Honey. BV C. DAVENl'OKT. ' Soon after commencing to extract honey last season some- thing like a large uncappiug-can was found to be so much of a necessity that wo could not wait the time that would neces- sarily elapse before we could send and get one, so one was made which answers every purpose as well as one that could be bought — in fact, I believe better, for being larger it will hold more cappiugs, and will probably last longer than one made of tin. It cost $1.50, and about one hour's work to make it. As those offered for sale cost $7.00, I saved $5.50, besides what the freight would have been. As there are prob- ably some who will need one the coming season, and who, like myself, are not adverse to saving a few dollars when possible, I will tell how mine was made : An alcohol barrel was sawed in two, so that one part would be about as long again as the other. The head was re- moved from the end of the long part, and wire-cloth fastened over this end ; the wire-cloth used being large enough so that it would fold up a few inches all around the outside to fasten it. The second hoop was removed, the wire-cloth placed on, and the hoop then driven back over it as far as it would go. A number of small holes were made through the iron hoop, and tacks driven in them through the wire-cloth and into the wood of the barrel. This part was then set, or telescoped, into the other part of the barrel, as far as it would go, which left room enough between the wire-cloth and the bottom to hold all the honey that would drain through when the upper part was filled with cappings. A molasses gate was put in the lower part to draw off the honey, and a light frame-work made of planed lath was placed over the top to support the combs while uncapping them. For a cover, when not in use, a large piece of cotton-cloth and a wooden hoop large enough to slip over the cloth and upper part of the barrel and hold the cloth in place was used. No stay or support was used between the wire-cloth and the bottom of the barrel, nor did it appear that one was necessary, for the upper part has a numberof times been full of cappings and broken comb honey, and the wire bottom held all right. SULPHUBING COMB HONEY. Sometime ago I described my method of sulphuring comb honey, and there was some comment made because I did not give the exact amount of sulphur and length of time required to kill the moths. The amount of sulphur to be used would vary with the amount of honey sulphured at the one time, and the time required would also vary somewhat, depending upon how tight the supers fitted together, and as to whether it was done in-doors or out-doors. To kill moths in surplus comb honey without injuring its appearance or flavor, has been with me one of the most serious problems connected with bee-keeping, and last season a bee- keeper drove nearly -iO miles to see me on account of moths. He said they had already destroyed over $50 worth of honey for him, and he was afraid they would ruin all he had, for he said it was impossible for him to sulphur honey long enough to kill the moths without coloring it, either by the method I 388 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 24, had described or by putting It ia a tight room and burning sulphur. After moths get to be one-third of an inch long, and as large around say as a small knitting-needle, it is impossible to kill them with the fumes of sulphur without coloring the honey, either in a room or box. When, and for a short time after, moth-worms first hatch, they are very small, and can then be very easily killed by the fumes of sulphur without col- oring the honey in the least; and if filled sections, after they are removed from the hives, are neglected until moth-worms of the size mentioned have developt in some of them, I believe the best thing that can be done is to carefully look them over and put those infested in supers by themselves, and then put these supers on hives containing strong colonies of Italian bees, and they will soon clear them of moths. If at the time this is done no honey is being gathered, care should be used to select colonies that have plenty of stores in the brood-cham- bers. Last summer I practiced a somewhat different method of sulphuring honey. I got the idea from an article in the American Bee Journal. Instead of burning the sulphur by means of a lamp and iron plate, I used pieces of cloth dipt in melted sulphur. The cloth was prepared by melting sulphur in an iron kettle, and when it was nearly boiling, long strips of thin cotton-cloth were dipt into it, and then laid on a board to cool. In sulphuring the honey I used a box, and set the supers on top, as before described. The advantazp nf tiiis cloth over a lamp and iron plate is, that it is much quicker and easier to use, for when a piece is set on fire by a lighted match, it burns steadily with a dull flame until the sulphur is all consumed. That is, it will if the sulphur was hot enough when the cloth was dipt into it. With a lamp it takes some time to heat the plate hot enough to set fire to the sulphur, as it has to melt before it will burn. As it takes but a small piece of this cloth for a hundred pounds or more of honey, one can prepare enough of it in a short time to sulphur tons of honey. It will be just as good months, and probably years, after it is made, if kept dry. It is immaterial whether sulphur or brimstone is used, as brim- stone is melted sulphur. vSouthern Minnesota. Foul Brood Treatment — Further Information. BY WM. m'EVOY. Official Fold Brood Inspector for Ontario, Canada. In my last article (see page 3T0) I said the dross from the wax-extractor mui 15o. 1 copy each Diidauts' "Handling Bees" (Sc.Jand " Bee- Pasturage a Necessity " (lOc.) 18c. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood " 25c. Kohnke'8"Foul Broud" book 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood "book ilO,;.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees ' [8c ] 18c. Ur. Foote'8 Hand-book of Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and Caponizing 25c. Turkeys for Market and Proflt 25c. Green's Four Books on Frult-G rowing 25c. Kopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. SUo and Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. Bienen-Kultur [German] 40c. Kendall's Horse-Book [English or German] S5c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 " Sweet " '• 25c. IH " Alsike •' " 25c. IM '• Alfalfa " '• 25c. m " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20e. We make the above o£fers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; in other words, no one sending in his own 40 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. Report of the North American Convention Held at St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 10-12, 1894. REPORTED BY LOUIS R. LIQHTON. [Continued from page 374.1 WHAT SHALL, WE PLANT FOE HONEY? Plants for Ornament and Honey. Most bee-keepers will want ornamental plants, shrubs, or trees about their homes, but if they should not happen to feel interested in this direction their good wives surely will. It is well to select plants which yield honey, for. tho it may fre- quently happen that the amount collected from them will be but " a drop in the bucket," so to say, yet the satisfaction of seeing the bees busily at work on them will be worth consider- able, and in many instances the pollen obtained by the bees will be of great value in furthering the rearing of brood — par- ticularly, early in the season. The list from which we may choose is very ioug. I can merely mention a few of the best, all of which may be obtained from leading seedsmen or flor- ists, who will also give hints as to their culture, or from whose catalogs such hints may be obtained. In some instances a trial having shown the adaptability of a given locality to some one of these plants and the requisite management to bring success, it might be grown on a large scale for its seed, and fine crops of honey obtained at the same time. Peraininls : — Red-bud (Cercis canadensis), a small tree very ornamental in early spring, when it is covered with blossoms before the leaves appear, in February and March in the South, and April and May in the North. The blossoms are like those of the peach, but redder. Bees are very busy on them, getting both pollen and honey. Willows {Salix) are ornamental along streams or ditches and keep the soil from washing out. They blossom very early, furnishing honey and pollen — an important stimulus to brood- rearing. The true Poplars (Fopulus) also yield pollen very early in spring, and some of the varieties are planted for ornament. Red or Soft Maple (Acer rubnun, Silver Maple (^1. dasy- carpitm), Hard or Sugar Maple {A. saccharinum). Birch {Beta- la) and Elm, {Vlmns), all valued as ornamental and timber trees offer important stores of pollen and honey to our bees in early spring. Tulip Tree or Whitewood (Liriodendron tuUpifera) is a stately ornamental tree that should be more often planted where it is not abundant. Its large tulip-shaped greenish-yel- low blossoms secrete much honey in May or June. Its wood is also valuable. Linden or Basswood (TiUo amcricana) blossoms in June or July in various latitudes. It is widely distributed, yet as many localities are without it, planting and distribution of seedling trees is to be recommended. Several of the avenues of our capital city, Washington, have been lined with these trees and the parks contain others, so that, while bees in surrounding localities are accumulating nothing, those within the city often store fifty or more pounds of beautiful honey. The lin- den is a rapid grower and the wood is useful. Locust (Robiniii pseudacafin) is another rapid-growing tree whose timber is valuable, and which is often planted as a shade and ornamental tree. It is frequently attackt by in- sects, much inclined to spread by suckers, and withal is not a very handsome tree, but its pendant racemes of yellowish- white blossoms, which appear in June, are very fragrant and furnish our bees for a short time with a good harvest of beau- tiful honey. Hardy Catalpa {Catalpa speciosa) Is a beautiful tree which will thrive in the Middle States and westward though very likely not in the colder northwest. C. lucnipferi, a Japanese species, alsodoes well. In the South, C. caUilpa, Linn, Is fre- quently planted, its large leaves and white blossoms in pani- cles making it very attractive. All yield honey. Hawthorn, White Thorn {Crataegus spp.) may be used as 390 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jum 2A, ornament or for hedges. Yield an abundance of white honey of fine flavor. There are many species, both native and in- troduced, but the majority are not hardy in the North. Sourwood or Sorrel Tree (OxydenArunx arhorcum.), a great producer of excellent honey in Kentucky and Tennessee. Might well be planted elsewhere — even much farther north. It is a handsome tree. Magnolias {Mntjnolin QraiuWflora is half hardy in the Mid- dle States; i[. acumindta, the Cucumber Magnolia, and .V. cordata, the Yellow Cucumber Magnolia, are hardy species. Beautiful, showy, the first species ever grown. European Horse-Chestnut {Aesculus liippocnstarmm) is a stately shade tree whose flowers in May yield much honey and some pollen. There is a variety with white and also one with rose-colored blossoms. Both are to be highly recom- mended being very ornamental and hardy everywhere. Yellow-wood {CtddrdsUs lute YOUR HONEY, OR ANYTHING ELSE, TO NEW AND UNTRIED C0.MMISSI0N MEN. .lust remember that, when you receive a flowery letter from some strange firm soliciting a shipment of your honey, and don't allow yourself to be caught, as has been many an unlucky bee-man the past few years. Another thing : Should you receive a letter of any kind from any commission firm, and you have the least doubt of their reliability, just send that letter to us, and we will inves- tigate them ; and if we find the facts warrant it, we will warn bee-keepers at once. We don't propose to allow any of our readers to get swindled hereafter, if we can possibly do any- thing to prevent it. Now read this whole item again, and if you get fleeced on account of not heeding our advice, don't you dare whimper to us. Wisconsin Foul Brood Inspector.— Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville, wishes us to say, for the benefit of bee-keepers in that State, that as the appropriation to support the Foul Brood Law is so small, Mr. France will be compelled to treat many cases by letter. Any Wisconsin bee-keeper who knows of a case of foul brood in that State, is askt to re- port it to him at once, and he will guarantee its cure. Mr. E^ance furnishes to all such a free copy of Dr. Howard's foul brood book, with McEvoy's and his (Mr. France's) methods of treatment in the book. He says that about one in 20 in Wis- consin, who have bees, have neither a book nor a paper on bees. No wonder many do not know what to do, or when their bees are diseased. So far Mr. France has inspected over 2,000 colonies of bees, and found mauy yards with affected colonies. But he says that all owners are going to follow directions, and cure the disease. For any further information in regard to this matter, Wisconsin bee-keepers will address their State Inspector of Apiaries— N. E. I^rance, Platteville, Grant Co., Wis. A L,ibel on Comb Honey.— The Northwestern Agriculturist is one of our valued exchanges, and having, as we supposed, an experienced bee-keeper — Mrs. Effie Brown — at the head of its apiarian department, we were greatly sur- prised to read therein the following paragraph credited to her pen : ADULTERATING COMB HONEY. Many people prefer comb honey for table use because they know It Is not adulterated. How do they know it is not adul- terated ? Because it is impossible to make artificial comb 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 393 honey that cannot be detected. That is very true, but arti- ficial honey can be made and bees will just as willingly put it into combs and seal it up as they will the purest nectar ; and more so, for they have to work hard for a little load of nectar, and a whole pan of sugar syrup right in the top of their hive is much more tempting. A pound of sugar will make, on an average, I am told, two pounds of " basswood honey." Can you wonder at honey being cheap? If you buy any honey, insist on knowing who made it. It passes understanding that one so intelligent as Mrs. Brown should make such a misleading statement. Can you give us any evidence, Mrs. Browu, that bees will just as will- ingly put " artificial honey " into the combs and seal it up as the purest nectar, and more so ? So far as reported, it has been the evidence of bee-keepers that bees prefer to all other sweets genuine nectar from the flowers, either in its raw or ripened form. How do you know, Mrs. Brown, that a pan of sugar syrup right in the top of their hive is more tempting than a little load of nectar, even if they have to work hard for the latter ? Did you ever get them to store sugar syrup right in a flood of clover or basswood? When you have tried some experiments in that direction you will probably say something like this : " It seems rather strange that bees should be so prodigal of their time and labor as to go off a long distance laboriously searching from flower to flower for nectar that must be much reduced before it becomes honey, when a substitute for ripened honey in the form of sugar syrup is right at hand, but such is the fact. The inexperienced portion of the human family may be deceived, but not bees. They prefer the pure article every time, when a choice is allowed." Adulteration of honey has no little to do with "honey being cheap," but it is in the extracled form, and the price of honey is not in the least affected, as insinuated in the fore- going clipping, by adulterated comb honey. But it is affected, dear Mrs. Brown, by such statements as yours, especially coming from such a source. Again, who " told " that "a pound of sugar will make two pounds of ' basswood honey ?' " And, if it was told, isn't it a pretty big yarn to repeat ? In your last sentence above, you suggest that when people buy any honey they should insist " on knowing who vxnAc it." You probably meant to say that they should learn the pro- ducer's name, for if it is pure honey, and if it was " made " at all, of course the bees did it. Hadn't you better, Mrs. Brown, correct as soon as possi- ble the misleading statements in that paragraph, which are bound to do harm, even tho they were written with the best of motives? Ti?e Weekly Budget. Mr8. A. A. Simpson, of Greene Co., Pa., wrote us June 15: "The bees are just booming. I have had 48 swarms, and loads of honey." Mr. Harry Lathrop, of Greene Co., Wis., wrote us June 12: " White clover promises an immense crop here. Bees are beginning to store heavily." Miss Mathilda Candler, of Grant Co., Wis., writing June 13, said : " My bees are working nicely in the sections, and the most of them have swarmed." Mr. N. E. France — State Inspector of Apiaries for Wis- consin— wrote us June 10, as follows : —Si " I am happy to write you that nil bee-keepers I have met are so willing to do as directed. I have great faith in curing nearly every foul brood case reported to me this season." Mr. W. L. CoGGsnA'LL's honey crop in 1896 was 78,000 pounds. He is perhaps the largest bee-keeper In New York State, unless Capt. Hetherlngton and P. H. Elwood are ahead of him. Mr. J. A. Clark, of Nodaway Co., Mo., writing June 16, said : " Just allow me to say that the American Bee Journal is a welcome visitor, and a great help in my work in the apiary. Bees are doing fine; white clover is immense." The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.— another of our regular advertisers — have this to say in the June number of the American Bee-Keeper in regard to the bees and also their bee- supply business : " Notwithstanding the cold and backward spring weather that we have been experiencing in most northern localities during the past month, bees seem to be doing very well, and the supply trade is better than it has been for several years before." Mr. a. T. Tandv, of Merrimack Co., N. H., wrote us June 12 : "There is one man, not a great way off, that is doing much damage to the business. Ilis honey shipt to market looks very fine, but theie is little flavor of honey to it, and people are inclined to think that it is made from sugar, which I think is a fact. He is doing a big business now." We hope Mr. Tandy will learn the real facts in the case, and if it is true, as be believes, begin to apply the law on the fellow — if there is a law against adulteration there. Tamper- ing with honey must be stopt, and bee-keepers will have to commence the work. Joseph H. Bolton, of Mankato, Minn., (formerly of St. Paul) " has skipt out." He took his wife with him. So have written to us Mr. C. A. Goodell, of that place, and also the firm from whom Bolton bought his stock of bee-keepers' sup- plies, for he was a promising young bee-supply dealer at Man- kato. Mr. Goodell reports that he lost -SoO, and that Mr. Taylor, of Forestville, lost §120; and says further that he received money for bee-supplies and kept it ; also that he drew checks on a Mankato bank that proved to be worthless. The manufacturing firm who sold Bolton supplies, upon our requesting further information concerning him, kindly favored us with the following : American Bee Journal, Chicago, 111. — Gc)iHc?)ie?i.— Replying to your favor of June 1-t, we would say that J. H. Bolton, of Mankato, Minn., has skipt out, owing us quite an amount. He was a young married man, economical, and of good habits, but he got into debt buying a farm, and making extensive improvements. The bills coming due, and he seeing no way in which to meet them, became frightened and threw up his hands. If he had had the nerve, and faced his creditors, he would have been granted an extension, and as he was a hard worker and capable man, he would have workt out. This is the opinion that was given the writer by some of the Mankato people ; also, that he took little or no money with him. We have no desire to wrongly injure the man, altho he owed us a large amount. Yours truly, Bee-Supply Dealers. Crimson Clover in Northern Ohio.— Glean- ings for June 1 contained this paragraph about crimson clover in Medina Co., Ohio : Our crimson clover is now in full bloom, and It is a sight indeed. I learn from Prof. Thorne, of the Ohio Experiment Station, that they also have succeeded during the last winter in wintering it over. A neighbor was here a few hours ago, who says he has ten acres. It was sown among corn at the last cultivating. He thinks the stand was almost as good as mine. He plowed it under, and is now going to grow corn on the same ground. From reports received it seems to be suc- ceeding well through northern Ohio, especially along near the lake, and several reports have come of successful wintering in York State. A. I. Root. 394 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 2i, BEE-BOOKS SENT I'USTI'AII) BV Geore:e W. York & Co., Chic»ffOt Xlld. Been and Honey, or Management of nn Apiary !or Pleasure and I'ruUL, by Tlioiiias G. Newman. — This edition has been laru'ely re-written, thurouwhly revised, and is " fully up with the times " in nil the Improvements and Inventlnns In thla rapldly-devel- Opln^ pursuit, and presents the nplarlst with everythlntr that can aid In the successful mannpe- mentof an ajjiary, and at the same time produce the most honey In an attractive condition. It con- tains 250 paties. and 245 illustrations— la beautifully printed lu the highest stvle of the art, atid bound m cloth, gold-lettered. Price. $1.1X1. ltructlve and helpful us a guide In bc'e-keei>tnt:. but Is Interesting ami thoroughly practical and scientific. Itcontalns a full delineation of theanntomy and physlolosy of bees. 4tiU pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Scientific Queen- KearlngTf as Practlcallv Applied, by G. M. Dooliitle.— A method by which the very best of Vueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's wav. 17f) pages, bound la Cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyelopiedla of 400 pat:es. describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains 3UJ engravings. It was written especially foi beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.- The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book. lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his bonk. iiO pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-^eeplnR, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German bookou bee-culture. It has 850 pages: bound In paper covers. $1.00 Bleaen-Kultiir, by Thomas G. Newcian. - This Is a German translation of the prlnclpi ' por- tion of the book called Bi:fc;s OF HoNEV. 10^ page pamphlet. I'rice. 4U cents. Convention Sand-Book, for Bee-Keepers, ,- Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts, Tblrty Years Aiuonj:: the Bee^, by Henry Alley.- Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly loo pages. Price. 50c. Wby Eat Honey ?— This Leaflet ie intend- ed for FREE distribution, to create a Local Market. 100 copies, by mail. :io cts.: .5i.hj l"or$l.-J.'j; loot », $2.iX). How to Keep Honey and preserve its richness and Havor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Altilke Clover Iieaflet.— Full directions for growing. 50 for 2b cts. ; lOO for 40 cts. ; 200, "fic. Apiary Resister^ by Thos. G. Newraan.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies, fi. (hi; for 100 colonies, $1.:j5. Preparation of lluney I'ur the Mark2t, IncludluK the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees ant HoNEV. price. 10 cents Bee-Punturatee a IVeceaalty.— This book sug Bests what and liow to plai' U is a chapter fron Bees anu Uoxev. Price. 10 cents. Tlie Hive I li«e, by G. M. Doollttle. It details his naanagement of bees, and methods of producing comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Pr. Howard^** Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. I'rlce, '2r> cts. Dictionary of Apleiiltnro, by Prof. John Phln. Given the correct meaning of nearly 500 apl- cultural terms. Price. TiO cts. Winter Problem In Bee-Koeplu^. by G. B. Pierce. Result of 2f) years' experience. 50 cts. Handling Bcew, by Chas. Dadant & Son.— A Chapter Irom Langstroth Kevlsed. Price, k cts. HiMtory of neo-Aeeoclaiious. and Brief Ke- portB of the tirst 20 conventions. Price 10 cts FonI Brood Treatment^ by Ptof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. K. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price. 25 cts. Praetleal Hints to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by Chas. F. Muth. Also contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Keepiuii; for Profit^ by Dr. G. L. Tinker.- Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the hirnest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p.; illustrated. 20c. Emerson Binders, made especially for the BEE JODRNAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial (Calculator, by C. Kopp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, calf finish. Price, 4n cts. No. 2 in tine artihcial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price. 60 cts. Green's Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. -Devoted to, 1st. How We Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd. Peach Culture; 3rd, How to Propagate Fruit- Plants, Vines and Trees; 4th, General Fruit In- structor. Nearly il20 pages. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing, Evaporation, Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions ol sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silage, by Prof. A J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 25 cts. EiUmber and Log-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. ITIaple Sugar and the Supar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizlng, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Ponltry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry lor Market and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. fj4 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for ITIarket and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price. 25 cts. Rural Ijile.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters, loo pages. 25 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.- It tells how to grow them prohtably. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote — Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Birectory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Kead Carefully) The following clubbing prices Includo the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, thai only onk book can be taken In each caee with the Uee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. 11' more books are wanted, see postpaid prices (flven with the description ot the books on this pa^e. Following Is the clubblng-lUt: 1. Lang-stroth on the Honey-Bee $2.00 2. A B Cof Bec-Uulture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper"s(Juide 1.75 4. Bees and Ilonev I Cloth bound] 1.65 5. Doollttle's Scientific Queen-Kearlng. 1.75 6. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced lfeo-c:ulturo 1.30 !l. Bleneu-Kultur [German] 1.20 11. Rational BcB-KceplnglPaper bound] 1.75 12. Thirty Vears Amonsrthe Uees 1.30 13. Bee-Keepin(f for Profit 1.15 14. Convention liand-Boolc. 1.15 15. Poultry lor Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponlzinjf 1.10 18. Our Poultry Ooctor 110 10. Green's Four Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 115 23. Rural Life 110 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 36. Commercial Calculator, No. 2.. 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 30. Potato Culture 1.20 32. Hand-Book of Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1.20 35. Silo and Silage 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register Ifor 50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 A Specia Booklet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a special offer on booklets on Bees. Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 cents we will mail any tt of the list below: and tor $1.25 we will mail the trbole dozen : 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 25c 2. Poultry for Market and Profit 25c 3. Turkeys for Market and Profit . . 23c 4. Our Ponltry Doctor 30c 5. Capons and Caooniz'ng 30o 6. Hand-Book ot Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25o 7. Kendall's Horse-Book 25o 8. Rural Life 25o 9. Ropp's Commercial Calculator 25o 10. Foul Brood, by Kohnke 23o 11. Silo and Silage, by Prof Cook 25c 12. Bienen-Kultur, by Newman 40c GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. " (Jiieens Given Away." f Gray Carniolaus and Golden Italians,? We will give a fine Tested Queen (either race) to all customers ordering 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Queen to all who or- der 12 Untested (Jueens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers in August. Oradc and Prie€§ April July of Bees and Queens ju^'e sept! Untested Queen $ .75 $ .65 Tested '• 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Bestlmported '■ 5.00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two " ■• •• 1.50 1.00 Full Colony of Bees (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We guarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. Descrlpllve Price. List Free. F. A. loekhart & Co., lake^george. ISDtf Please mention the Bee Journal. THREE CARLOADS My Third Car of Go( ds from The A. 1. Root Co. has arrived, and I am prepared to flit or- ders lor regular goods by next train, at Koot's prices. Send lor my ;Jti-pag:e Catalog, or send me a list of what goods you want and I will make you bottom prices. 9D9t FUKMONT, miCH. ioliToiscouNt 1 have a Large (Quantity of Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Siiii'i'iNfi- C.\8Es at 10 per cent, discount from list price. Cases holding 15 sections. $5.00 per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for Price-List. IV. J. STAH.TIANN, Weaver, Minn. Mention the American Bee Ji^urnal. 2 5A8t ii: THE ADEL BEES AHEAD i^ Send for Catalog and see proof that Adel bees beat them all. One Queen $1.00; two Queens $1,90: three Queens $2. 7.">; si.\ Queens $5.30; 12Queens$10. All bcaulltul, 3 liauded bees. HKNUV ALiLKV, Wenliam, (MasH. 25 A-l I Mentiun t)ic Atiierivnn lice Juumal. J. M. YOUNG, Practical Apiarist, Box 874, PlattsniontU, Cass Co,, Nelir. isy't THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 395 Bee-Fever Baging. The bee-fever is raging here, and the bees are doing fine now. They began to swarm about June 5. Everybody is talking about getting bees. J. C. K.NQi.r,. Buffalo Co., Nebr., June 1 J. Too Much Bain. Last year was a poor one for honey — too much rain ; this season has com- menced the same way. We have had rain pretty nearly all April and May, and now in June it is still raining. Yesterday it rained all day; to-day it pours down. James Laidlaw. Ontario, Canada, June 7. Looking' for a Good Honey- Year. I have o colonies to this date. White clover is in full bloom, and bees are working in the sections. I am looking for a good honey-year. Last year was a poor one. I am watching for that great sweet clover lawsuit. I hope Dr. Besse will come out all right. W. M. Daniels. Perry Co., Ohio, June 12. Boiling in the Honey — Cyclones. Bees are rolling in the honey now. Last year at this time they were in a starving condition. Basswood will be a light crop. White clover is good. No swarms yet. We had an awful hard rain here to- day. As it had just stopt raining I was out in the yard, and south of us I saw a terrible cyclone, about seven miles away. We saw it on the clean prairie; it was awful. That makes three cyclones that have past our place — two on the south and one on the north. C. A. GoODELL. Blue Earth Co., Minn., June 10. Handy Bee-Watering. The American Bee Journal is the most Interesting and instructive paper I ever had the pleasure to read, and I always look forward to its weekly arrival as a great help to me in working among the bees. There is never a week but I pick up some useful information or valuable hint, for v.hich I am always grateful. Seeing from time to time in it how some of the readers supply their bees with water, it may be of value to some to know how I do, as I like to have everything handy in the apiary, and I think it is something worth seeing to, to have some means of supplying the bees with water. It is money in the bee- keeper's pocket ; for, as John G. Corey says on page 115 (and I am of the same opinion), that a long flight for water is very destructive to bee-life, both in re- gard to flying too far in cold weather, and in bad drinking places ; and some- times the nuisance caused by the bees drinking around dwellings or at water- ing places for stock. I think by having It handy, less bees can supply a colony, and leave more bees to gather honey. That is the way I look at it, anyhow, for I believe the bee, like a person, likes to have everything convenient to Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wllite Alfalfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 1)4 cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, Q]4 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Pine Basswood Flavor Honey at same price ; also In 270-lb. barrels. !t^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing llie best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is iibsolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and -whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention ilie Ame.icau Bee.TouTD'il. 7Atf BEE-KEEPEES We naake The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. SUPPLIES Seiul for Free IllH§lratcIIME-| W * fPUMELY jTHRESHER^^ • ™, , . When you buy a ^ rhreBher bGsnretoeetthe one that will thresh -K 3r L'leane-^t, iHstest:sirapIest. best built;wiH last the •k ]f loncest. and needs len-^t reuairs. The new Rum- X ^ ely Soparator, with Uncle Tom's "Wind Stacker X J- find New Rnmely Encine, PntLstieaall users and ? 3 has all of these points and more that ore ex- "^ * plained in new Catalogue.— Sent for the a^kinE;. M^ * M. RUMELY CO LA PORTE, IND. M ************************** Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements fo that we can furnish seed of several o( the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: oft 10ft 258) 50ft AlslkeClover TO $1.25 $3.00 S^ 75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4 00 White Clover 90 1.60 .3.75 7 00 AlfalfaCIover 60 1.00 2.25 4 00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3,50 Prices 8uhjeet to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEOKGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. TRANSFERRING^^ If you contemplate buying eliher three or Ave band Italian Queens, f-luiply write for my pamphlet. If you need some ot the best now send 75 cts. for one, $4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full instructions lor introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be sent free. Money Order office— Warrenton, W. H. PKIDGEN, 21Al3t Ckeek, Warren Co.. N. C. M.en,tWti the ^nicnmn Bee -ivwroau Bee- Hives, Sections, Shipplng- Cases-everythlng used by bee- < keepers. Orders tilled nrnmptly. ; Send for catalog MU JE.Son BEE- KEEI'EIIS' SirplV JlEi;, f(l,, Nicollet Island, Minneapolis, Minn. "2 4tf Chas. MONDENQ, Mgr, Our '97 Catalog- — OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It is full of Information. \^' Write for It. I. J. STRIIVOHAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N.T. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Egirs perfectly through wartn weather, just as good as fre.sh ones for cooking anil froellng. One man paid 10 cents a dozen lor the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can preserve them lor about 1 cent per dozen. Now is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- mation— Dr. A. B. Itl.lsON, 3512 iMnnroe Street, - Toi.kdo. Ohio. AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR. PEIRO, Specialist Offices: 1019, too State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. the house — at least it looks so, from the way the bees take up the water, I supply it to them not more than five feet from the front of the hives, I keep my bees iu a long shed,, in a single row, and do all the work with them from the rear, having lots of room for all my empty hives and supers, which are always at hand and ready. In one cor- ner on a shelf I set a large keg, with a small faucet in it, which you can set to a steady drip, or just enough for the bees without any waste. I connect this arrangement with a trough which is five feet from the front of hive. The trough arrangement is the same as was de- scribed on page 204 of the Bee Journal, only I have always used 2x4 scantling with inch holes bored }|-iach deep, 5 inches apart, each hole connected by cutting a small groove, so that when one hole fills up it runs over and fills the nctt, and so on ; and by filling the last half of the holes with salt, the bees have fresh and salt water both. I notice the bees are always thickest around the salt-water half of the trough. Salt water is another thing which I believe is Indispensable in the apalry, P. RUDDIMAN. Columbia Co,, Oreg. Largest Yield of Honey Expected. On Decoration Day I had 34 swarms, at^d on June 9 49 swarms— altogether 179 swarms this season, from SO colo- nies, spring count. I think 1 will have fully as many more. I already have the second super on some hives, having already filled one. This is the earliest honey we .'"ver realized in this commu- nity. The yellow sweet clover has now been out four weeks, and the white is not yet out. The prospects are for the largest yield of honey in the history of the State. J. L. Gandy. Richardson Co., Nebr., Juue i;j. Swarming in Texas. I put into winter quarters seven colo- nies of bees, which came through in good condition, and now I have 17 ; five of them swarmed twice, and then I cut the queen-cells out and would not let them swarm any more ; the other two didn't swarm any, tho they may swarm in July and August. We have two swarming seasons here in one year — April and May, and July and August. I noticed in the last Bee Journal that Mr. York had some bees that he thought swarmed quite early— May 16, I call that quite late. My bees had gotten over the swarming fever then. My first swarm came out March 16, and they will commence swarming again about the middle of July. J. M. Jeffcoat. Collin Co,, Tex,', June S. Good Prospects for Honey. My 13 colonies wintered well in the cellar, but one lost their queen, which I didn't find out till they had become quite weak, and as my hives are of various sizes, and no foundation used so as to start the combs straight, I could not well save them, so It leaves me with an oven dozen, I have secured for future swarms the 10-fraine dovetailed hive, and shall put In comb foundation. I have filled in the empty comb from the hive where the bees died, as far as it would go, and shall and the happy man is best fit- ted for the duties of life. The Ik happy heart is the strongest I heart. Toproduceandmain= I tain thiscondition, you should 7 keep constantly on hand a sup- ply of that health retaining, health restoring remedy It is a purely vegetable preparation that corrects all derangements of the Liver and Kidneys and works a permanent cure for BRIGHT'S DISEASE URINARY TROUBLES GENERAL DEBILITY FEMALE COMPLAINTS AND MALARIA. In order that it may be handy for you we have placed it on sale in your nearest store Beware of substitutes. There is nothing so good as War- ner's Safe Cure. Mf;iVA-y'i-. the Af Bse Jctj^v~,i, Vital \ Water ! Has never failed to cure «lood and Skin Dis- eases. The effect of Vital Water upon dis- eases of the Kidney and Liver is magical and permanent. Send for KKEE pamphlet. Forest Mefliciual Spriii£s Co, Lock lJo.\ No. 1 LIBEKTYVIIiLG, ILL. Mention the American Bee Journal We have a few of those Emerson stllf cloth- board binders for the American Bee Journal, They make a splendid permanent binding, and hold a full year's numbers. The old price was 75 cts., postpaid, but we will mall you one for o Illy 60 ettt., or with the Bee Journal for one year— both together for $1.50, 1697. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 397 t??]! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yellow BeesMrax delivered to our oflice till further notice, we will pay 2-1 cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honev, Books or Seed, that we ofTer. If you want casli, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigran st. , CHICAGO, ILL. "--"•^-'-1 vrvs ^.TTiertoiffiBss JcifirTiat, QUEENS Smokers. Sections . Comb Foundation, And all A|ii(iir»a Sii|^>pllet cheap. Send for KK£K atalosue. K. T. VLAMUA.N, BellerUle, 111. 1.3A13t IMeuse mention the Bee .JournJiL One Cent Invested in a postal card will get my large Cata- log oC All Koot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. !H. H. HliNT, Bell Braiicli, micb. HVMEN ANSWERMQ TMIB AOVERTISEUEtT, MENTION TVI* JOUffiW.^ QCC VCCDCDQ I Let me send you my 64- DLL'^LL^ LtiO 1 page Catalog- for 1897. J. in. Jeuklus, Wetumpka, Ala. MepXicn i}>^ American See .'curvMl, ORDERS filled by return mall for the cholex-st Untested Italian Queens at 60e each. Can furnish 1, 3 and .3 Er. Nuclei. A. I. KooT Co.'S ScpPLiK.s. Send for :i6-page Catalog. J no. ISebel & Son, Hlgli Hill, mo. Mention the American UeeJiy^imal 4.\tf Harvtsi rour Wheat For A Cent An ficrii. Th=8 amount invested in a ^ain cradle, with p.eDiv of t>m , iiuy O.d time will dO.) win unahlo the :a'-iiior to harvest his crop wi b less outlay tdr.n a.iy oihrT nj'.'thoU. The ma-bine should t>0 pa.nt«d a b ^ht r-cl. and oruaiDt-nted wiib erilt stripe^. a:so bive an attractive name Alter cut- tiDu b;^ owD be can cod ojonev by cutting wheat and buiidiDK tence for bis nt*it;hbors. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian. Mich. ^ ^ ^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Kavorlte Paper— The Paciflc Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated 00 per annum. Bample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FKANCISCO. GAL. Mention 'Me American ISee JouniaJL Tested Italian Queens, .$'1.00 Unlestcd, .50 cts. — :i or .'» ban<]ed. I have 500 Nuclei. Can send Queens by return mail. n.VMbl, WI RTH, 22A4t Falmocth, Ku=n Co., Indiana. MeiMUyr. me Avtierlcain Bue Jcs/ima,'., gave one comb to each swartn so that the queen can without any delay pro- ceed to laying. The prospect for honey is quite good, as there will be at; abundance of white clover. The spring, however, has been very cold and unfavorable, so that the bees have not been able to build up very fast. The last two nights in May it froze ice M of an inch thick, and nearly ruined the fruit. I have about 8 acres in small fruit, and it killed all of the fruit-buds and new vines of the grapes ; blackberries wore well budded, but I can scarcely find a bud but what is black ; raspberries were not as badly damaged, and the prospect for them is fair, and when they get in bloom the bees will have a fine time. I raked the mulching of straw back on part of my strawber- ries, and so saved part of them, but where they were not covered they were nearly ruined, as they were in full bloom. J. Ridley. Winneshiek Co., Iowa, June 7. Weather Too Cool. The season in this section of the coun- try opened with a bright prospect for a honey crop ; bees came through the winter in excellent condition, and began swarming in April. I had one swarm in April, and seven in May. I began the season with 15 colonies, and now have 22, but the weather for the past two weeks has been so cool that bees have done nothing but just make a living. There is more white clover bloom than there has been here in six years, but if we don't have some warm weather pretty soon the bees will get no good from it at all. I have taken off one case of honey, gathered mostly from the oak leaves, which are covered with honey-dew. It is rather dark, buthas a very fair flavor, some of it being candied before it is capt over. I took 400 pounds of Span- ish-needle honey last fall from 12 colo- nies, spring count, and found ready sale for it at 12S, and 15 cents per pound. I didn't take a pound of honey last sea- son until Sept. 2-5, the forepart of the season being too wet and cool. I like the American Bee Journal well, and will take it as long as I keep bees. W. E. Whittixgton. Franklin Co., Ills., June 8. A Spring Report— Sundry Items. My 45 colonies wintered very well on the summer stands in single-wall 8- frame dovetailed hives. Two of them were queenless in the spring, and were united with others having queens. All the rest came through in good condition. We had a very fine spring for bees ; they were gathering natural pollen March 23, and before that date I fed my bees about 1 '.f bushels of corn and rye chop. The rye was, however, pre- ferred by the bees, and they would swarm on it the same as if one would place combs of honey out for them to clean up. They would clean up a peck in two hours on a warm day. Bees were getting ready to swarm, and two of mine had swarmed May 18 and 19, after which it got cold, and a rough wind, rain and hail kept them in for nearly two weeks — in fact, some were very near starving, when it became warmer, and the white clover and Alslke (both of which are in great abundance — more For Sale, BEES and ((UEEKS Queens, 50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen, $2 00; Two frames, $1.30; One frame, $1.00. Full Colonies, $4.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOX, 16A13 SWAETS. Greene Co., Pa. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - SupplieR! Root's Goons at Koot's Prices. Pouder^M Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. 'Walter S Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave.. Indianapolis. Indiana. .OVER-t,E«FM WENT ON TJ,*S JCURJ-JU, "WM<-''(lO>il)tHi^l,' tSr IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aptcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., tor bis Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Mention the American Bee Jonnml. PATENT WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Has No Sa£ In Brood-Frame* TIliu Flat-Bottom Foundation Has 5o Fiijbbone io tbe Sorplos BoBey. Betns tbe cleaneBt ts nsnally worked tbe qalckeBt of any Fonndation made J. A. VAN BEUSEN, Sole Mannfactarer, Sprout Brook MootKomerr Co., N. T. Beeswax Wanted for Cash Oi' In E.vchange for Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Workin.s! Wax [Tn^t2?n^ A Specialty. er" Write for Catalog and Price-Llst. with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AIGISTA, WI«. ir Vou Keep but One Remedy '"''"'^It-rouMbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT ANY FKICE. A supply of Zonet Cathartics 's °ow added to each cox. 100 in a Box. il.OO— 17 In a Box. 25c. 'W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Ilich. 1 j Att Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION «°'-|;i*^'°'' Can do the work of four men using hand tools, in Kipping, Cutting-off. Mi- tring. Kabbetlng, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. t ull LIneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trial. Catalosrne Free. SEIseoA FAI.L,)« .tIFG. <'0., 46 'Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly Meniio.. the Amenran Bee j'otima^ Italian Queens "' Sl\?."' Intcsted. 50c.: Tested, Jl.OO. Nuclei, 2 Irame. $2.00, including a good Queen. Bees by the Pound. E. I.. €AKKII\OTON, 22Atr Ue Fuulak Sprlnsa, Fla. 398 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, June 2A. than we have had in 10 years) began to bloom, and bees began to work in great shape, and swarm in all parts — except mine, which I prevented so far by giving them lots of surplus room. But now we have had cold, rainy weather for three days, so that bees could not gather anything. The first or earliest swarm that we ever had in this part of the country issued May 26. This year a neighbor had one May 17. The sale for bee-keepers' supplies is better this year than any previous year, and the old-time bee-keepers are chang- ing from box to frame hives, and Ital- ianizing their bees. The " king-bee" is DO more, and the drones don't lay the eggs and hatch the brood any more ! Chunk honey is not so beautiful, and does not bring the high price it did when the drones laid all the eggs, and the "king " lost the job. I am using a Bingham 4-inch smoke engine, and like it very well. It is not a very good spring to rear queens now — too cold. I made myself a solar wax-extraotor, and it works fine when the sun shines bright. X saw an item in the " Old Re- liable " from Luzerne county some time ago. Let there be some more. Paul Whitebread. Luzerne Co., Pa., June 9. A Beginner's Good Beport. This has been a fine year so far for honey. I have taken 75 pounds from each colony — comb honey in sections, I sell all my honey at home for 15 cents per section. It is white as snow. My sweet clover looks fine ; it is about 6 inches high. I use the " St. Joe " hive, and I think it is fine — so simple for a beginner, like me. This year I have taken three swarms from bee-trees. This is the way I do it : 1 make a transferring hive that holds 18 Langstroth frames, and when I cut the tree I take all the honey and brood away ; find the queen and put her into the hive, and get all the bees I can with her ; leave the rest for a day or two, and then take them home, transfer the frames into the St. Joe hive, and all is complete. Mine are doing fine. I had one natural swarm April 9, and took 96 sections already, and the same colony swarmed again May 16, and I got 2-1 sections in 13 days after they swarmed. How is that for a beginner? Many thanks to the American Bee Journal and Langstroth's book for my success. W. A. Pellbw. Nevada Co., Calif., June 1. Bee-Seeping in Washington. The latter part of April and the be- ginning of May this year made my bees hustle. Almost everything that had a root on It was In blossom, and the bees gathered about I.IOO pounds of honey of the finest flavor, mostly from trees and shrubs. The flow came so unex- pectedly early that my bees were far from ready to get the full benefit of it, as I do not practice stimulating the bees to early brood-rearing, only seeing that they are comfortable and have plenty of stores to draw from. This climate Is altogether too uncertain for stimulative feeding In early spring. Very often we get the winter weather placed whore the spring weather properly should be, and viccversa. Unlike Dr. Gallup's climate down in Southi^rn California, where it rains only at night, and where the Doc- tor and his bees can run in and out of their respective " hives " all day without getting wet, we often have rain that w'ill keep on raining night and day for several months at a time, and a new- comer is liable to think he must return East if he ever shall keep dry or see daylight again. White clover is plentiful, and bees are working on it, but they don't get much honey. It is now too dry. We are wish- ing for rain. T. H. Waale. Clarke Co., Wash., June 10. Worst Season in 37 Years. It is now June 10, and I am feeding full colonies to keep them from starving. Bees havu't had a chance to work for 10 days, and not over 6 days in all since May. When it does not rain hard it is cold, windy and cloudy. In my experi- ence of 37 years with bees, I never saw such a bad season. Essex Co.. Mass. Henry Alley. Bees Doing Well. Bees are doing very well this spring, altho we have had a great deal of cold and wet weather. My first swarm was on May 6, and I have had 14 to date. I I winter my bees on the summer stands, with an outside case, packt with dry leaves. 1 lost 2 colonies out of 24. The welcome Bee Journal comes every Friday at 4:30 p.m. L. Bryant. Wayne Co., Pa., June 14. Boiling in the White Clover. I have kept a few bees for 15 years, but they didn't do much good for me un- til I commenced with modern improve- ments, and now, at this date, I have 28 colonies of 3-banded and hybrid bees. They are rolling the white clover honey lu. Some of them have as high as 72 one-pound sections on, and are mostly finisht. Silas Johnson. Marshall Co., W. Va., June 14. Bees Doing Well — New Union. My bees are doing well at present, altho the season has been very backward. Up to date bees have built up strong. There are plenty of bees in the colonies that are left. In many instances people lost a great many bees last winter, and I attribute it to the poor honey-flow last fall. Bees in many instances went into winter quarters without sufificient honey to keep them through the winter. From the first of last August until winter sot In, bees did not make a living, and con- sequently all late swarms went into win- ter very weak. Having had some experience with commission men, and knowing that the American Bee Journal Is a defender of the right, I think every bee-keeper should be a subscriber to it. 1 hope be- fore many days to become a member of the New Union, as I believe It is calcu- lated to rectify many evils that now ex- ist, such as adulteration of almost all kinds of food, especially honey. But we will keep up the war on commission men, such as Horrlo and Wheadon, un- til they are exterminated. E. B. Huffman. Winona Co., Minn., June 11. Preservation of Farm Profits. — Competent judges place the saving in labor resulting from the use of the Low Handy Wagon at sl2.5 to *1.50 per year on a farm of 160 acres. We submit that such an item is well worth the saving in such strin- gent times as these, when such a suna may frequently represent the difference between profit and loss in farm operations. Any- thing that will save labor will save money. The difference between the high lift neces- sary to load a wagon on high wheels and the labor required to load the Low Handy Wagon represents so much vital force and physical energy ; the man who saves that energy and forve, other things being equal, will live longest. Why do a thing the hardest way when there is an easier and quicker way X The Low Handy Wagon referred to is being supplied by our advertising patrons —The Electric Wheel Co.. of Quincy, III. Those people manufacture the wheels them- selves, and are supplying the gear at cost in order to introduce the wheels, which are of the modern wide-tive pattern with stag- gered oval steel spokes. This will a§ford our patrons the oppoitunity of securing one of these most useful implements at the lowest possible cost. The Electric Wheel Co. also make wheels that will fit any wagon you have on hand, or any cultiva- tors, drills, etc. Write them for a copy of their book, "The Preservation of Farm Profits,'' which will be sent free to all readers mentioning the American Bee Journal. Ke ot Oood Courage.— The situa- tion does not begin to be as bad as it looks. Sit down and look the facts in the face, and do not let them scare you. Something is wrong with you. At times your pulse flut- ters and your heart jumps. Your skin is pallid and swollen just beneath the eyes. You look much older than you are. After bending over your desk a liltle while you feel a pain in your back, and you are slow in straightening your body on rising. You are fidgety, irritable and "blue." Some- where you have read that these symptoms show kidney disease. Is that what ails you ? More than likely, and you would have good reason for fear did you not know that Warner's Sate Cure is obtainable at the drugstore on the corner. You also know that this remedy is so powerful as to have robbed even the once-dreaded Bright's dis- ease of its terrors. Warner's Safe Cure allays inflamma- tion of the kidneys, so that the blood passes freely through. 'Effete matter is no longer dammed up in the body. The pallor gives place to healthy color, and the heart-beat is once more regular. Take Warner's Safe Cure and be of good courage. Page I^ever :\ee«ls It. — Qentkmen : — When driving lately, I noticed a neighbor repairing his fences. One day he was work- ing on one made of ribbon wire with plank at top. At another time on one made of liarb and plank at top. I stopt and askt him if he had repaired that fence, pointing to about 80 rods of Page that has been up four years or more. He said, " What fence, the Page V I said, " Yes." He replied, "No, indeed! that never needs any, and I only wish my landlord would put it all over the farm, as it would save me so much work that I have to do every spring." I told him I was glad I did not have any fence repairing, as my whole farm was enclosed, and fields divided with Page, and as I used nothing but red cedar and locust for posts, think it will be a long while before they will need replacing. I have no trouble to (ind my stock when turned out, as they are always in their place. Until I had all Page I had much trouble to keep mine home and others out. Henuy Rieman. Tunis Mills, Md. Bec-Kccper's Guide— see page 382. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 899 KEYSTONE • WOVEN WIRE FENCE. • IS .V<;m)0 I.-KXfIJ-maoori!l. III. Mtf'*.iy-'>^ /fi^ At''^ Z''^'*-OZ-'. 'Sec J' '■ "'' . AjMciiltiire Establif^liiiieiit ! Etahlislit 111 18li-J. Silver Medal [First Priz"! at the Parle UnlTCTsal Kxhibillon 1878. Bronze medal atid riiplotna at. the Weis-en- burg Kxhilil'lim 18!i:(. Silver Medal and di- ploma at the Strasliom-g Exhlbllioti 189". For the Kearitiir aud Export of (;)ueenBee6. Pure Selected Italian kind rav. Prof. PIKIUO PIUATI. ViaMazz'nni No. 70. Bor.ooN.i, Italy. Price List on application. HONEY and BEESWAX iVlARKEX c ; No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white. o®6c. : amber 4@5c.: dark, 4c. Beeswax. 2.5c. New honey has commenced to arrive. Very little call at present. To-day Is very dull. Prospects are for very low prices. Bi^yest honey crop in 10 years. Milwaukee, Wis., June 14.— Fancy white. 13® 14c.; No. I white. U®t2i;.; fancy amber. lOailc; Xo. 1 amber, 8®10c.; fancy dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white. 5@6c.; amber, 4@5c. Beeswax. 27@28c. The stock of honey Is "orkln? down to a small supply; especially for anything fancy. It Is eucouraeinp to apiarists to find that the more carefully and nicely honey is prepared, and the better the quality sent to this mar- ket, the more readily it will sell, and good re- turns follow. And new choice qua Ity comb will sell, while the common Is very hard to move at any price. We think the old stock will all he disposed of before any new crop is ready for market. Buffalo, N, Y, June 14,— Fancy white, 10 ®llc.: No. 1 white. aaOc ; fancy amber. 7® f<- : No. 1 amber. 6@7c. fancy darli. 6a7c. ; No. 1 dark. 5@6c. Extracted, white. .■)a3^Jc.; amber. 4V4@.5c, Beeswax, 20@2oc. No demand now, and we can't move any kind without pushing and cutting', but we can sell at Bome prices. Kansas City, Uo., June 14— No. 1 white, 12®13i:.: fancy amber, ll®12c.; No. 1 am- ber, 10@llc. ; t'ancy dark.9®10c.: No. 1 dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white, 5@.tHc.: amber. 4® 4Mc.; dark, 4c. Beeswax. 25@:i0c- Very little old comb honey In market. N't newlnyei, Taere Is considerable extracted on hand. Boston, Mass.; June 14.— Fancy white, 13c.: No, 1 white. ll®12c. Extracted, white, Tc : amber. o®t3c. The demand for honey U light, but that is to be expected at this time of the year. Sup- ply Is also light. Cleveland, Ohio, June 14.— Fancy white, 12'^-13c.; No. 1 white, lie; lancy amber. 8- 9c.; fancy dark. 7c. Honey is moving very slow. We believe, however, as soon as the new crop cxjmes in It will move much better. New Yo'k, N. Y., Jut e 14.— Comb honey is all cleaned up now. and there is no more demand for any; could sell some nice white comb at from 10®lli.. but would not advise shipping of anymore tjuckwheat. New crop extracted is arrivinjr (|iiite freely from the South, and tinde fairly Kood sale at from .^0® .'J2c. per gallon for average common grade, and .55@tjOc. per gallon for better grades. E.«pect to have new crop California here within the next two weeks or sooner. Beeswax steady at 2'j®27c. Minneapolis, Minn., June 14. — Fancy white. 12®f4c.: No. 1 white. Il@l2c.: fancy amber. lOaUiv; No. I amber. 9®10o.; fancy dark,8®9c.; No. 1 daris. 7®8c. Extracted, white, 6@7c. : amber. 5@6e.; dark. 4@.")e. Beeswax, 24®27c. Demand for extracted honey is nominal, hut at fair prices. Comb very slow on ac- count of warm weather. Detroit, Mich., June 14,- Fancy white. 10 ®12c.; No. 1 white. 10r(Jllc; fancy amber, 8 @Hc. ; No. 1 amber. 7teHc. Extracted, white. o@6c.; amber, 4@5e. Beeswax. 23-26c. Cincinnati, Ohio, June 16,— Comb. 8-13c. Extracted, 4-(ic. Beeswax, fair demand at 22-240, for good to choice yellow. Arrivals are fair. There is a fair demand for extracted honey, and arrivals of new honey become plentiful. San Francisco, Calif., June 9.— White comb, 9-lOc.; amber. .5-70. Extracted, white, 4-!i-5!ic.; light amber, 4-4i4c.; amber, 3!4c.; darktule, 29io, Beeswax fair to choice, 23- 27c New-crop honey has been coming forward quite freely, mostly extracted, with demand slow at full current li^^ures, and mainly for local use. Some inquiry is being made on foreign account, but shippers' ideasof values, so far as exprest this season, are at a low range, and under any prices which have yet been acceptable to producers. This year's product, owing to its generally fine quality, should prove very desirable to European dealers, and it is hoped they will see their way clear to bid figures which will allow at least a fair remuneration to apiarists. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote in this Journal. Ctalcago, Ills. R. A. BtTBNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. y. Hii/DRETH Bros. & Seoklken. 120 & 122 W. Broadway. Kansas City, mo. 0. C. Clbmoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bafialo, N. ¥. BATTER80N & CO.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Clevelaud, Ohio. A. B, Williams & Co . 80 & 82 Broadway. St. bonis, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St nUuneapoIis, iniun. S. H. HALL & Co. inilwanliee, ^VIs. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. Blake, Scott & Lee , 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, inicb. M. H. HONT, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walters. Pouder, 162 Massichusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. Mcculloch ta Co., 380 Broadway. Clnelnnatl, Ohio. C. r. Muth & Son. cor. Freeman & Cent ral A vs. A Book Beroiuiiiended by Ur. Oalliip. THE NEW METHOD In Health and ©Isease. By W. E Forest. M. D.. 13th Edition. He- vised, Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home Piivisician, and as A ijiiii«l<> t<> llealtU. It makes the way from ^Veakiiess to Kti***!!;:'!!! so plain that only those who are past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings «'siniiul be sick. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving the need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not a «Ii-ii;j^ li-ealiiient. All <'lii-oiii4- Diseases are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the"-V(«i J/('^//o(Z.s- " given here; even those who have been pronounced Coii- siiiiiplivf have been entirely cured. While for Kli<-iiiiiatisiii. ■ndig'es- lioii. l>.v.>.po|>sia, Coiislipalioii, I>yseiit:ii\v. I.iirei- ami i^i«liiey 'l'ruiii>l<-<>. i'alarrli, l-^iiiacia- tion. <»«-iiei-al I>el>ility, >'ei"V- oiis l^vliaii>>lioii, Ikiseases Pe- i-iiliar to Women, etc.. the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Uuai'iinlee. So confident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try "New Methods" thoroughly, if the book is re- turned in good condition. Xlie ;>«'«' Kclitiou is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht, and others made ex- pressly for this work ; contains .300 pages, printed on tine calendered paper, and al- though the priceiof the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was .*2.50. we sell this at SI. GO, postpaid. PREMU M OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail ycu the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEOBGI". W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. THROAT AND LUNQ DISEASES, DR, PEIRO, Specialist Offices: loip, loo State St., CniCAQO. Hours 9 to 4. CARLOADS Of Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, luid Evcrytblng used in the Bee-Induetry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ' lea. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. IV* H. PUTNAM. KivER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Our Prices ARE WORTH LOOKING AT NEW CHAMPION CHAFF HIVE with DovETAii.Ei> Boiiv ano Stpers espe- cially. All other Bee-Supplies accordlntr'y. Send for Catalog^ aod Price-Li^t. Address. B. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 48Aif Boi 187, Sheboygan, Wis. Texas Queens I By return mall. Best honey gTitherin? strain In America. I'ntested, 7.ic. Select Warran- ted, f 1.00. J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. 9 A'3Gt Mention tht American Bee Journal 400 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. June 2A, 1897. ■B a^ H Wk A Copy of LULL Successful Kee-Keepinii;, r n r r Ijy W. Z. Hutchinson ; ^ I IKkk and our 1897 Catalog, tor '2- cent stamp, or a copy of the rataloir lor llie Atkins;* We make almost EveryililiiK used tiy Bee-Keepers, and at Iiowoxl rrU'CS, obu Falcon Polish! Sections :ire wat ranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have llie bent— such as %ve make. The Ainei'if au Bee - Keeper [monthly, now iQ its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. fcAMPLE Fkke— Address, TBEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of '■ 0 hives, S.jO for the best 100 Danz. sections " 2.5 ■• 25 ■• 50 •■ 20 •' 20 •• 40 " '• '■ 10 ■■ 10 ■' 20 " 5 •• 5 ■• 10 tS~ Further particulars regarding the pre- miums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, I'urnisht on applica- tion. Address, Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care Tlie A. 1. Koot Coiupauy. Wmen Answering this Advehtisement, Mention this journm^ I AEISE I^O SAY to the readers . of tbe BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITTIjE has concluded to sell -BKES and yUKBNS— In their season, durinp 1897, at thefoUowlnR prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, In liKht shipping-box $6 00 Five Colonies 2500 Ten Colonies 45 00 I untested queen, i oo 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 (fO 1 tested Queen... %\ so S " Queens . 3 5o 1 select tested queen a no 3 " " Queens 4 00 Belecttesied queen, previous season's rearinR . 4 00 Hilra Selected for breeding, the vkrt best. . 6 00 About a Pound of BKK8 In a Two-frame Nucleus, with any Queen, $2.00 extra. IV Circular free, rIvIdk full particulars roRard- ISR the Dees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, llA25t BOKOniNO. Onnn. Co . N. Y tin MONEY IN POULTRY lOAl Bl Eggs of IstPRIZE WINNERS 81.00 PER SETTING to tlie readers of tins paper only if you order now, of 30 Icudlnc varieties. Send ir.c •^ forthe liirneht and moHtcomplf^te Poultry N(iui.lei>vor JOHN BAUSCHER, Jr. if'puijliBhed. Boi m, Freeport, Ills. M'.jiti/ui iht American 7i«« Journal II jl »,, HONEY-EXTRACTOR illlllll N Square Glass Jars. Hoot's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Kepii'KUs' SiiM'i.iKS in general, etc etc Send for our new catalog. "Practlciil mill*" will he mailed for 10c. in stamps. Apply to— Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. ^"^^ Dadant's Foundation ^"^'^ Year Year Why Does It SeU So Well ? Because It has always given better siitlsfaction than any other. Because IPf 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, Na Loss. Patent Weed Process of Slieetiiig'. Sen«1 :>'sii>i<^ ioi- Oui* Catalog', Saiiiplow uf Foundation and Teil ^latoi-ial. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Reepers' Supplies of All Kinds. I^MPf©eTR@TH QN TH® HONEEY^BEE), Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 411 e-MowioiSie ^\ eMowioM ( I. m vl jL Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : Xo. 1 Snow-While. No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 lUOO for 2.00 ■2000 for 3.75 8000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Pricc-Li^l of Seclioiis, Foundations, Veil!«, Smokers, Zinc, Etc.» Sent on applioation. QA.^ot MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for H.75 NOVICE AND COWAN EXTRACTORS. More Popular Than Ever. They are used by all leading bee-keep- ers. If you would get the latest and best, see that our name is on them. Oiii' 1897 IS Hives With PJe'w 1897 End-Spacing Hofltnan F"rames, are carrying the market by storm. Don't buy old-style goods, when new, up-to-date goods cost no more,. 4'atalo^, oxitlainiuK', sent lor ilie asking'. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. bk-A-istch: offices : 118 MiehiKau St., Cliieaso, 111. Syracuse, X. Y. 1021 Miss. Str., St. Paul, ITIinn. Ifleclianic Falls, Maine. 10 Vine SI., Plilladelpliia, Pa. FubHslit ^VeeUly at ll.s XlicMsran Street. S>i'00 a Veai — Sample Copy I'ree. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 1, 1897. No. 26. Six Months forOnly 10 Cents ! NOW FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. Get Your Bee-Keepiug Friends and Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send at iedtst one neiv subscriber for the Bee Journal before Aug. 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only 40 cents for the rest of this year. That is 6 months, or only about 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new -tO-cent subscriber jou send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list: Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 20c. 50 copies of leaflet on " Why Eat Honey ?" 20e. 50 " '• on "How to Keep Honey " 20c. 50 ■' ■• on " Alsibe Clover" 20c. lcopye»ch "Preparation of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and Uoolittle's " Hive I Use " (oc.) 15c. 1 copy each Dartants' "Handling Bees" i8c.)and " Bee- Pasturaire a Necessity " (10c.) 18c. Dr. Howard's boob on "F)ul Brood" 25c. Kohnlie's " Foul Bro d" boob 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " boob ilOe.) and Dadants' " Hand- liDff Bees" [Sic ] 18c. Ur. Footc's Hand-Bookof Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for .Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and (.'uponizing 25c. Turbeys for Marbet and Profit ■. 25c. Green's Four Books on Frult-G rowing 55c. Ropp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. SUo and Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. Bienen-Kultur LGerman] 40c. Kendall's Horse-Hook [English or German] 25c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 " Sweet " •■ 25c. m •' Alsike •' " 25c. m •■ Alfalfa " " 25c. Hi " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20e. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; In other words, no one sending in his own 40 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. Extracting Honey — Treatment of Unripe Honey BT C. P. DADANT. I have received the following questions, which I will an- swer in the American Bee Journal : Mr. C. p. Dadant — Dear Sir : — I would like to ask you a few questions about honey and extracting. 1st. I have some supers on where the frames are about -,-J or % capt. Will it hurt to take the supers off now ? The bees are capping the super under it before finishing the top one. 2nd. If I take these off and set them in a dry room, won't the honey ripen there ? 3rd. How soon do you start to extract ? 4th. How can a person tell when honey is too watery to extract ? 5th. Would ray honey do to extract now? It seems, when a super is pretty near full, the bees work better in an empty one. I don't want to tier up too high for fear of blowing over ; I have three on some hives now. Respectfully, Theo. Keller. Answer. — In the I3rst place, I must say that the fact that bees are capping a comb of honey does not mean that the honey is sufficiently ripe. I have often seen honey work, or ferment, in such away as to burst the capping of the comb, and I dare say every bee-keeper of experience has seen the same thing. This happens more especially In hot and damp summers, when it is very difficult for the honey to ripen, owing to the dampness of the atmosphere. In an ordinary season, honey may be considered sufficiently ripened when it has been on the hive for a week or more. The greatest trouble with unripe honey comes from that which is daily added to an unfinisht super by the bees. Dur- ing the first two or three days after it is harvested clover or basswood honey is usually so thin as to shake out of the combs very readily, or even to drip out, if the comb is upturned. Such honey will not do to extract, unless it is afterwards ripened artificially. Messrs. Muth & Son, of Ohio (who are good judges of honey, for they handle hundreds of barrels of it every year), tell us that they ripen their honey by keeping it In open ves- sels, after extracting, in a warm and dry room. Thus it is quite likely that if the supers are taken off and placed where they can have air and warmth, the honey will thicken and become sufficiently ripe ; but we would prefer to leave such supers on the hive, even if we had to tier up to such an extent 402 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 1, that it would become necessary to prop up the hive with stakes or braces. Not ouly would the bees ripeu this honey faster than can be done artificially b_v the current of air that they constantly force through the hive, and by their production of animal heat, but there would be also the advantage of the super furnishing them additional space for honey as fast as the quantity is lessened by evaporation. Consequently, we would not start extracting until there was absolutely no room left for the bees to store honey ; or so little that further delay would be likely to induce them to swarm. There are several reasons why the bees work bettor in an empty super than in a full one, that is, provided the combs are already built. The hive being less crowded, they find the place to deposit their load much more readily, and thus lose less time in hunting for empty cells. Then there is no need of building additional comb or whitening or stretching the combs already built. If a bee is able to empty its honey-sac readih' when coming home, its wax-producing organs are not so active as when it has to remain for hours before a spot may be found in which to store the booty. But when one super is full and the other ouly one story above it, there is but little time lost, and we believe it is a mistake to remove either be- fore they are well filled, unless more may be procured, or un- less the crop is at an end. When the crop is ended, it takes but a very short time for the last honey harvested to mature, and we make it a point to begin the extracting, if it has not already been begun, just as soon as the harvest ceases. There are seasons, however, like the present one, when the honey-flow is so strong and so con- tinuous that the bees get overcrowded, and the supers are all filled long before the end of the crop. The only remedy to such a state of things is to take the chances of a little unripe honey, and relieve the hive of its load before any time is lost by the bees, or before swarming preparations are made. When there is any doubt, however, as to the ripeness of the honey, it is well to follow the Muth method and keep it in open ves- sels la a hot, dry place for a few weeks, before attempting to put It on the market. The honey from clover and basswood, for some reason, is much more liable to sour or ferment than that from Spanish- needle and f.ill bloom. The latter seems to be ripe just as it is harvested ; and we have. In extraordinary seasons, ex- tracted from fall blossoms as many as five times in the course of as many weeks, without having any trouble with the honey afterwards. On the other hand, we have seen basswood honey in a wet season that could not be ripened satisfactorily; and the only way in which it could be made at all salable was by heating. As a matter of course, such honey cannot be rankt as of good quality. Hancock Co., III., June 11». Mating of Queens — How it May be Controlled. BY L. A. A8PINWALL. In most lin(vs of progress we find, with the advantage gained, a corresponding evil presents itself. This became apparent upon the introduction of improved bees, notably the Italians. Notwithstanding their recognized superiority over the black or brown bees, the difBculty of maintaining them in their purity has been and is still a great impediment to profit- able bee-keeping ; so much so, that many have abandoned them, accepting as a natural result the hybrids, or, more properly speaking, a mongrel or cross with the blacks. To maintain an Italian apiary, unless all other varieties are removed for several miles, requires constant vigilance as well as the exercise of scrutlni^.ing judgment. Not Infre- quently a few colonies of black bees In the neighborhood of an Italian apiary, will, after two or three years, become dominant In Italian blood. The owners of such, being unlet- tered in bee-culture, often express themselves as possessing Italian stock. At this juncture the difficulty of maintaining absolute purity is much increast. As an illustration, we have a queen which becomes mated with a drone from this mongrel stock, which is possibly % or % Italian, or one which shows but a trace of black blood. As a result, her progeny is well-markt, and to the casual observer would be accepted as pure. But, upon close examination, possibly one bee in 50 or 100 will show but a slight proportion of yellow upon the third abdomi- nal ring. Should the bee-keeper fail to recognize this taint of black blood in the young queen's progeny, a succeeding generation would bring drones into requisition which would contaminate the Italian stock to a great extent, yet almost imperceptibly, especially if the law of atavism (a recurrence to the original type) is displayed on the Italian side. Accord- ing to my judgment there is much impurity of this kind throughout the land. I had an illustration quite similar last season. A young queen proved to be mismated. After destroying her, I gave the nucleus colony a cell which, after a time, I found was destroyed. In the meantime business matters caused me to neglect the colony, during which time they reared a queen from the larvio of the mismated queen, which in due time mated with an Italian drone. When her progeny began to appear to my surprise it was most perfect and beautiful in its marking. Among my mismated queens last season several from the yellow stock show but a few dark bees — possibly one in 30 or 40. This recurrence to an original type is greater in its ten- dency with golden Italians crost with Carniolans than Italians and blacks. The logical conclusion would be, that either the golden Italians or Carniolans, or both, were not sufficiently thoroughbred to belong to a fist type. A thorough knowledge as to the stock these varieties were bred from would tend to explain this tendency. However, we have the evil of inter- mixing to contend with, tho we may be able, among the possibilities of the future to control the mating of queens suffi- ciently to secui'e mostly pure stock. Its desirability is evinced by the numerous efforts which have been made to accomplish it. The principle upon which most experimenters have workt has been to limit the flight of the queen and drones to small areas by enclosures made of wire-cloth, such varyiug in size from 2 or 3 feet square to 10 or 15 feet. It is evident that any or all enclosures will inter- cept the flight of both queen and drones to an extent which would thwart the intended purpose. Even if success can be attained, the expense of such enclosures in sufficient numbers for a large apiary would more than counterbalance the advan- tage gained. So thoroughly have I been imprest with the im- possibility of success by such methods that I never attempted it. However, I believe in a method which shall limit the flight of the queen, but not to the prescribed lines of enclo- sures, and which shall be quite inexpensive. I have experimented with a considerable degree of success the past four or five years upon a method which has partly limited the flight of the queen. Whether mating at a distance of several miles is due to flightof the queen or drones, or both, is as yet unsettled in my mind ; however, I am inclined to be- lieve that the queen Is prominent in making long distances. In proof I have markt quite a few drones when leaving the ^ hive, and found their return to be much within the average ■ time occupied by queens. Still the drones have wonderful ' wing power, and possibly make equal distances with queens I in less time. The method I have practiced Is no less than clipping about 1\16 of an inch from the virgin queen's wings a day or two after emerging from the cell. As a result, less than half as many proved to be mismated compared with au equal 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 403 number of those not dipt. Clipping certainly lessens the wing power of the queen, and, in consequence, places a limit upon the time and distance of her flight. It will be observpd that such a limit naturally conSaes the queen more within a home radius, or circle, of the home drones. My first experiments were attended with considerable doubt as to whether the queens would still retain sufliciont wing power to successfully mate with the drones, but the uni- form success attending the experiments led me to clip as much as "s of an inch from two or three with equally good results last season. Just how much can be dipt from the wings, and still retain suUicieut wing power to accomplish successful mating, is yet to be determined. Whether dipping a hundred or more select drones will be profitable is questionable. In lines of progress the unexpected usually occurs on the success- ful side. As yet so little is known about the flight of queens and drones that it is impossible to determine without experi- ments in clipping of both. Possibly the clipping of botii queens and drones would result in their occupying a lower altitude in flight, insuring a still less number of mismated queens. On the contrary, the drones might be so weakened in their power of chasing flight as to be useless. Certainly if the object can be accomplisht by clipping the queens only, it will involve but little trouble and expense. It should be understood that success attendant upon clip- ping is contingent upon having none but pure drones in the apiary containing the young queens, also that the amount dipt from each wing be uniform, otherwise with a lack of balancing power the queens are sure to be lost. I am so well satisfied with past results that I expect to clip all my young queens the coming season. — Bee-Keeper.^' Review for January, 1897. Palestine Bees Compared with the Italiaos, Br G. M. DOOLITTLE. A correspondent writes that he is thinking of commencing bee-keeping soon, and says : " I am thinking of starting with the Palestine bees, if I can find them. What do you think of them as a bee for me to start with? Are they good honey-gatherers? A friend of mine tells me that those he had were very prolific, and says that the prolificness of any queen is to be greatly valued in any race of bees — more than anything else. What do you think in the matter?" Well, I think that prolificness in a queen isone of the good things which goes toward making a success in bee-keeping, but a queen should be prolific at the right time. If she is thus, it is of great value ; if prolific at times when her brood comes'on the stage of action when there is no honey to gather, her prolificness counts for naught. If your friend had modi- fied his statement so as to make it read that he valued the prolificness of a queen above all other qualities, when it could be jo regulated that such prolificness would be of the greatest value to the bee-keeper, I would heartily endorse it ; but if his writing as he did is to be interpreted that he regards the prolificness of a queen at all times of the year more than any- thing else, or above all other qualities, I must say that I think his assertion a mistaken one. In this locality, where we have about six weeks during the whole season in which the bees make any gain in honey, what we want is a queen that can be coaxt to fill the hive to overflowing with brood during a few weeks previous to this honey harvest, and lay just as few eggs at all other times as is consistent with accomplishing the above object. If your friend had a piece of work which he must accomplish at a cer- tain time, if he were to receive any profit therefrom, he would hire his help before the time expired, or not at all. If he wisht help at a c«rtaio time, and they did not come until it was too late, surely he would not keep and board them six or eight months because it was not convenient for them to come sooner. Surely not I He would tell them that he did not want them, for it was too late. So I say, that, when bees come to the stage of action in any great abundance after the honey harvest is past, it is a damage to the apiarist, rather than an advantage. Why I prefer the Italian bees to all others is for the rea- son that they are more susceptible of being handled so as to get the hive overflowing with bees at just the right time, than are the bees of any other race. Also, as soon as the honey harvest arrives the queen will cease her prolificness, and thus we do not have a lot of "hungry hands" to board when they are of no use to the apiarist. Many of our largest honey-pro- ducers have come to think the same way, as is shown by the following which has lately come to hand : " I get very much the best results from my full-blood Ital- ians. The Italians seem to be very much more disposed to partially stop brood-rearing, and bend all their energies to honey-gathering, whenever there is a heavy flow of nectar, than any other kind of bees which I have tried, and this is a very great advantage." Now to the question about the Palestine bees : That they cannot be managed so as to fill the above requirements in this locality, is why I am adverse to them, and I think that one would make a mistake in selecting them to start an apiary with, even if they could be found, which I doubt, as they seem to have withdrawn from sight during the last few years. With me they would not start a large amount of brood at any other time save when the honey-flow was on, and this X think is one of the worst faults that any race of bees can possess ; for an extra amount of brood during a honey-yield always means a multitude of mouths to feed after the honey-harvest is past. When I tried the Palestine bees it was with the only hope that they would prove better than the bees which I already had ; but when I found out that I could not coax the queens of this race to lay eggs rapidly except in the honey-harvest, I saw that it would be impossible for them to give a large yield of honey, no matter what other good qualities they might pos- sess. After doing my very best with them for several years, and with those from several different parties, I was obliged to record only 50 pounds of honey as a surplus from the whole, while I had to feed them a large amount to get them in condition for winter, taking combs of sealed honey from the Italians to feed them with ; while the same number of Italian colonies gave over 500 pounds of surplus during the same time and with the same management. With me, the Palestine bees would increase but little till the honey-harvest arrived, when they would crowd every available cell with brood, which brood would use up nearly all the honey the few workers previously reared could gather while the honey-harvest lasted. On the contrary, when the honey-harvest opens, the Italians have a hive overflowing with bees, and every comb filled with brood, and this brood will gradually decrease till at the end of the harvest I have lots of honey with few mouths to feed. Here is an item which many bee-keepers seem to lose sight of when following their profession: Bees are of value only when they come in time to take advantage of the honey- flow ; and whether through the race of bees or the carelessness of the apiarist we fail in this point, little profit, or none at all. Is sure to be the result. The same fault that 1 have spoken of in the above exists to quite a large extent in the Carniolan bees, or at least, has done so with the three different lots I have had on trial. While they can be brought up to rapid brood-rearing before the honey-harvest, yet they are determined to breed all through the harvest, and to a large extent after it is past ; so that, as a rule, unless they are lookt after, many colonies are apt to 404 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 1, be short of stores, to go Into winter with, while the large amount of brood reared during the houey-harvest takes away quite a quantity of what should be secured as surplus. Ononda^fa Co., N. Y. ^ Comments on Bee-Keeping in Louisiana. BV JAS. B. DRURY. The South is indeed one of the Paradises for bee-keeping. Here the bees can fly almost every day In the year, and gather nectar, more or less, almost all the time they fly. We have some flowers that bloom In the winter, which furnish sume pollen and nectar. I have seen them bringing in pollen in the months of December and January. The honey outlook Is very good for a surplus crop. We have quite a long flow, but our greatest summer flow is com- mencing, and will continue until about July 10, after which it slacks up until the last of October and forepart of Novem- ber, when we will get a good flow from golden-rod, wild asters, and many other fall flowers that are cultivated here. One dis- trict In this "Crescent City" is called the " Garden District," because every little spot that can be utilized Is made into a garden of some kind. People that have paved yards take up a brick and plant a few seeds of some kind of vine, and in a very short time have their "galleries" (Southern name for porch, balcony, or veranda) covered with a delightful green and cooling growth, which tends to make life a little cooler In this semi-tropical climate. Early In April I caught a swarm, or rather found It under a plank walk where It had settled, and putting them into an empty box I noticed a nice, large, but very dark leather-col- ored queen with them, and that evening I took them home on my bicycle, putting them Into a frame hive. Looking at them a few days later I noticed that they were building only drone- comb. " Where is that nice queen ?" says I. Hunt for her I did, and no sign of a "queen " could I find. "Oh," says I, "the bike shook the life out of her; I'll fix that." So I went to one of my best colonies and took a partly-built frame of eggs and brood and put it Into their hive, and In a week I had quite a number of nice queen-cells sealed over. But there is one thing about them I could not understand : I gave several to nuclei, and when the time came for them to hatch, all but two hatcht. I let them stay two weeks longer, aud still no hatch from them, so I took a sharn-polnted knife and cut It open, but nary a queen — the only thing In them was a soft, yellow substance, not unlike a pellet of pure wax. Why were the bees so foolish as to build out a nice, large queen-cell, cap It, and all when there was not any young queen in it ? Hard one, eh ? I noticed a rather curious thing not long ago in one of my semi-Carniolan colonies. I saw a cell among the brood that protruded from the comb about the length of a worker-cell, but capt like a drone-cell. I cut it open and found two worms (larvic) In one long cell, one on top of the other. As all of my hives had full sheets of foundation when I started, I wondered where all the drones came from. Look- ing, I found that nearly all my queens had laid drone-eggs in worker-cells ; they seemed to be just as large and as vigorous as those I had seen reared in drone-cells. Among the many plants we have here which furnish honey and pollen, the sunflower Is In full bloom, nigger-head (honey sharp and biting) ; portulacca, Cherokee rose, coUeopsIs (pollen only) have bloomed. Beans and peas, legulstrum, both hojge and tree kind, and willow, all give some nectar; but our main crop just now is from clover (White Dutch). We have acres and acres of red clover here In Audubon Park, coming up mlxt with the white kind, but I never could see a bee working on It, no matter how long I would look for them. There Is another plant I must mention here, that Is cow- slip, or what some call the nettle or hunter's drink (so-called because hunters use the young stalk to chew when they can- not get any water to drink). It grows all through the winter, and in the early part of spring sends up usually one stalk about four feet high, which has numerous large flowers on it, from one to four inches In diameter, which is a regular gold- mine of nectar. I have seen as many as six to ten bees work- ing on one flower, and when they got ready to fly to their hives they were so loaded with the " good stuff " that they would fall to the ground. The flower after maturity is used by some for a face-powder pat ; the seeds are somewhat like the seed of dandelion, with a sort of a small parachute, which, when a light breeze blows, take wing, and if they settle on some low, damp spot are sure to take root. People here try all they can to get rid of them, but I for one like to see them grow, because it means honey for other bees besides my own. I had one of the worst cases of robbing last summer you ever heard of. (Experience is a very bitter school.) It was all through my own negligence. I took some honey from a. hive in frames, and not having an extractor, I cut it out and put the frames with a little bit of honey under the top-bar In front of a nucleus that had very little, thinking to strengthen them thereby. Well, sir, just as soon as the bees got the scent of that honey my whole bee-yard was In an uproar — bees In the air as thick as swarming time, bees trying to get Into every hive in the yard (and woe to the bea that succeeded in getting Into one — killed outright). I had an empty hive stand- ing In the yard that quite a number of the robbers got into, and staid there for three or four days, and when they found it empty they turned to and protected it, as if it was their own hive. I never saw the like before — dead bees all over the yard aud sidewalk, and I can tell you it taught me a good lesson, never to put honey In reach of them again. I see in the Bee Journal one writer says he rears larger bees by putting seven frames in an 8-frame hive, nine In a 10- frame, etc. Now that may hold good with him, but I find that the relation in size is due to the queen. I have some queens that are very large, and their bees are correspondingly large. Then, again, I have some queens (the same stock) that are about as large as some of the workers of my large queens, which produce workers half the size of the others. Therefore, I think the large bee Is due to a large and healthy mother, and not to seven frames In an 8-frame hive. Why, I have In some of my S-frame hives nine frames, which do not seem to inconvenience them, or cause them to be any shorter. The seasons seem to be changing here. Think of the golden-rod blooming In December and January, and dahlia* (which are a fall bloomer also) blooming now; and in a few weeks we will have golden-rod again. Some of it is two feet high, aud is beginning to put up flower-heads. We are begin- ning to have 5orae real hot weather here now — 93-' Pahr. in the shade to-day. It has been very cool heretofore, owing to the height of the old Father of Waters. We had a very hard fight to keep the water out here. Levees had to be raised from six Inches to three and four feet, and otherwise strengthened ; also a guard for dvery mile in the daytime, and one for every half mile during the night, but we can be thankful that we have been spared an inundation. The water is going down fast, but all danger is not over yet. I think Doollttle's plans of making increase, as described in the American Bee Journal recently, are very fine. Some things that are publisht In the Bee Journal are worth more to me than the year's subscription price. Orleans Co., La., May 24. Every Present Subscriber of the Bee Journal should be an agent for It, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for It. See ofTers on page 401. isy-t THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 405 The Old Union and Honey-Adulteration. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. I did not intend to write again upon this subject for tiie American Bee Journal, but it seems to me the interests of bee- keepers demand something further. I notice that I am some- what criticized for not expressing myself more definitely be- fore on this subject. I thought I had done so. I have felt all the time that amalgamation should not be voted If there was any considerable opposition to it. I believe there was some opposition and so I voted no. I was not personally opposed to amalgamation, but was opposed to changing an organization where money had been paid Into the treasury unless the mem- bers were pretty unanimous in the desire for such change. It still seems to me that such position is correct. I did not understand that we were voting, at the time of the taking of the last vote, against doing any new worlj. It seems to me to thus tie the hands of the organization is to emasculate it, and that by so doing we shall very soon destroy its life altogether. I do not believe that the members of the Old Union intended to vote In this way. Of course I may be wrong In this opinion. I do not believe that we can afford to maintain two or- ganizations. I think one or the other will soon cease to exist. It is Irrational to provide machinery for two organizations among the same class of people whose duties are so much akin. Thus I believe that one or the other of these organizations ought to, and will soon, go to the wall. If the old organization decides to only work In the old lines — which I believe are very nearly worktout — then I think it is very easy to see which will survive. I believe at the present time there is hardly a subject en- grossing the minds of bee-keepers that is so tremendously important as that of honey-adulteration. If we except co- operation, I do not believe there is any subject that so justly claims earnest thought and consideration. Therefore it is that I wish strongly to urge that the Old Union take this mat- ter of honey-adulteration in hand. It seems to me that no- where are the conditions more ripe for earnest action than right here in California. The Manager of the Union Is here; California is one of the most important honey-producing sec- tions of the world ; the interests of bee-keepers are seriously menaced, right here in California, by the nefarious work of honey-adulerators. I cannot see how any member of the Old Union would hesitate a moment in urging that action com- mence at once to extirpate this horrid work from our beloved State. We now have a very excellent law, and all opportunity to make a grand and successful fight. The Old Union has a prestige which will also count for much in aiding It to dethrone this iniquitous practice. It would seem as though we would not have to urge this matter at all to secure immediate and most energetic action. General Manager Newman writes me that the members of the National Union have voted only to work along the lines which have hitherto claimed his attention. He further adds that under these circumstances he Is not at liberty to take hold of this matter of adulteration. This being the case, 1 would urge that all of the vice-presidents write at once to Mr. Newman (at 2096 Market St., San Francisco), urging that such work be begun, and that at once. In case the constitu- tion makes It impossible for such action to be taken, until another vote is had on the subject, then I would be in favor of asking for a vote at once. I have not the constitution at hand, but surely if the vice-presidents all ask for a vote, the Manager would not hesitate for a moment to call for one. I urge this strongly because I believe that it is the height of wisdom for the Old Union to take this matter In hand. I t. Marsh Flower (Lininantlds dounhisU) will flourish in merely moist soil. Its yellow and white blossoms appear in spring, and are quite ornamental. DoUchos spp. — Rapid-growing handsome climbers. Balsam Clover or Blue Melilot {Melilotus c(cnileus) blos- soms all summer long like the white Melilot, our most abun- dant sweet clover. Both are raised as forage crops in Switzer- land to give to Krauter cheese its peculiar flavor. The blue species is also an e.xcellent honey-plant, and deserves a place in the garden, and the seed should be fully saved and scattered along roadsides or on waste lands where white clover does not grow. Lupines (Lupinus spp.) already mentioned for forage are, some of them, very ornamental, as, for example the deep blue Texan Lupine (L. subcaniosus). Some fifty species and varie- ties are known. Bartonki (B. aiurca) is an easy plant to raise from the seed, blooming a month after sowing and continuing all sum- mer. Its large, brilliant, yellow, saucer-like blossoms look like masses of pure gold, and indeed the plant comes from the Golden State. F)iacclia con(jesta of the Hydrophyllaceae or Water-leaf family is mentioned by Dr. Dzierzon as a most excellent honey- plant. He said a Russian bee-keeper had recommended it to him. Sown in May it blossoms in June and continues all sum- mer. Its blossoms are bright blue, one variety being white; plant grows one to two feet high. One species is known as Texas phacelia (P. texana). Another is P. tanacetifoUa. All yield both honey and pollen in abundance. Plants for Experixuent. Perennials : — Catnip {Nepeta cntaria) Hoarhound {Mnrruhlwn vulgarc), Motherwort {Lconurus cardiaca). Thyme (Tliyinus vulgaris), Peppermint (ilfc?iWift piperita), and other similar herbs might perhaps be grown to supply our drugstores and also for the seeds. When grown for the leaves the plants have to be cut just as they are coming into bloom, but if their culture were more general much seed would have to bo raised, thus giving the bees the benefit of the blossoms. I understand that most of the catnip used by druggists is imported. Concerning peppermint Mr. Burpee writes me that it is a shy seeder, and one could probably find ready sale for all the seed he could raise. There are certain localities in Michigan and New York where peppermint is grown for the purpose of distillation to get the oil or essence. Of course it has been found profitable else it would have been discontinued long ago. Perhaps bee-keepers could raise the seed for them. Sulla or Soola Clover {Hedysanuiicornnnrium) ii a great honey-producing crop in southern Europe. It has been in- troduced into England where it is often called French honey- suckle, and thence into Australia under the name soola. Wherever it has gone it is in great repute as a forage plant, so that it hardly needs to be placed in the experimental list, but can be counted as a plant that will succeed in most parts of our country, and like alfalfa will withstand drouth. It blossoms from June to August inclusive. The only represen- tative of this genus known to be native in America is H". horcnlc, which occurs in Labrador south to New England and west to the north shore of Lake Superior. We might reason- ably expect this closely related cultivated species to show some of the hardiness of the wild form. Gorse, Furze or Whin {Ulex europaeus) a leguminous plant belonging In a genus close to our Dyer's Green-weed, Woad Waxen, or Whin {Qeaisln tincloria). It was onco deemed almost useless, but has been planted in certain situa- tions as a forage crop, and has been introduced into Australia. It will grow in sterile, dry, exposed situations where more profitable crops could not be produced. It makes a bushy growth, and may be allowed to stand two years between the times of cutting and 20 tons per acre, of forage, can then be obtained, which requires cutting up or bruising before feeding. As hedges or windbreaks it may prove useful in some part of our wide domain. Its yellow flowers appear in May and yield some pollen and an abundant supply of honey. Licorice (Olynyrrhiza i/Utlird), belonging in the Pulse family, is cultivated In Europe — chiefly in Spain, Italy, Bava- ria and northern Austria. Its ciiltiire Is said to be quite profitable Id those countries, and It Is also claimed that bees in the licorice-growing districts get a good yield of honey from its blossoms, which appear in June and .July. Our wild licorice (G. Icpidotii) is found from Minnesota to Missouri and west- ward. I would suggest that bee-keepers keep an eye on these plants and see whether honey is not to be obtained from them. Alpine clover (Trifnlium alpinum) also called Mountain Licorice because of its sweetish roots, grows in the Alps. It has purplish blossoms which I think yield honey, but I know little of the plant. It is a suggestion merely. Osier or Basket Willow {Salix viminalis) furnishes In Europe an excellent supply of pollen and some honey In March and April. The last edition of Gray's Manual of Botany says that it is occasionally planted here but soon dies out, its hybrids doing better, however. The Purple Willow {Salix pur- purea) is the one most commonly cultivated here for basket rods. It is raised in New York successfully, but I cannot say where besides. It blossoms at the same time and yields an abundance of pollen like the other European species just men- tioned. Bee-keepers might plant it in moist places, even re- placing our native species, which are not so valuable for baskets. Protca mellifera. — Under this name reference is made on page 378 of " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," as revised by the Dadants, to a plant growing near the Cape of Good Hope, which secretes such quantities of nectar that the latter can be dipt from its blossoms with a spoon. The plant they have mentioned is variously known as Sugar Bush, Sugar Tree, Cape Honeysuckle, or Honeyflower, and the natives do, in fact, gather the nectar as described, and, after straining it and evaporating a part of its water, the resulting syrup be- comes an article of commerce. Could this shrub or tree (there are some sixty species in the same genus, all natives of Africa) be brought to this country and establisht in the subtropical portions of the Union ? Sacalenc (Polygonum saghalinense) . — Will our bees get honey and pollen from this wonderful new forage-plant? It is In the same genus with our smartweeds and bindweeds, with persicaria or lady's thumb, and is near to buckwheat — all among our great yielders. This argues well for it, and we shall soon have it on trial. Meanwhile a few words about it. This plant was introduced for ornamental purposes into Europe over 25 years ago from the island of Saghalien, lying between Japau and Russia. Its economic value was not however noticed until 1893, when the dreadful drouth of that year caused the complete failure of usual forage crops and the loss of great numbers of animals, while others were only saved by feeding them the leaves of trees. During this time sacaline remained green and its leaves were readily eaten by cattle. The plant grows about ten feet high, can be cut three or four times during the season, and will give 20 to 25 tons of green fodder, of coarse quality, at each cutting. The leaves can be boiled and eaten like Spinach, the tender shoots like aspara- gus. The roots withstand severe freezing. Annuals : — Borage {Dorago officinalis) might perhaps be raised ex- tensively by some bee-keeper for its seed and to supply the druggists with leaves. There Is some demand for the seed, as the plant is grown as an ornament in many gardens, and for the leaves for use in medicine. It may not be known to many that the tender leaves are quite edible, forming a very health- ful addition to green vegetables, and also to flavor salads. They are frequently so used in southern Europe where the plant grows wild. The bright blue blossoms last from June until after severe frosts, yielding considerable honey. Chick Pea (Ciccr nricfiiii(m).— This plant, originally in- troduced from the Old World, has been raised more in the West and South than elsewhere, and has become known as "Coffee Pea" from the use of its seeds as a substitute for coCfee. Un- der the name of "Chuna" the seeds of a plant used in Mexico for coffee have been tested atone of our experiment stations and found to be a very prolific variety of the Chick Pea. Cer- tain seedsmen have recently made great claims for this plant as a substitute for coffee. The peas may be used to make soup. I think the blossoms yield honey, but have not tested it personally. Trigonella or Fenugreek (TrigoncUa fwnam-gra-cwn) Is sometimes cultivated in Europe as a forage plant, and is worthy of trial hero. Its blossoms, like those of the clovers, to which it is closely related, yield honey freely In June and July. Blue Trigonella (T. nicrulcn) is riiisGd in Switzerland to imnart a pleasant flavor, like that of sweet clover, to products of the dairy— particularly to some kinds of cheese for which that country is noted. Serradella (Ornithopus sativus) is a leguminous forage- plant of great value, as yet scarcely known in this country, but which has been introduced and cultivated for some years 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 407 in Germany and Austria where it is constantly growing in favor. It is grown as an annual in cold climates, but may in our milder sections stand for several years. A warn], moist climate is most favorable to its growth, but it stands drouth well, and will succeed on light soils. Of the now forage crops it Is safe to say this is one of the most promising for general introduction into this country. Indeed, I need not have hesi- tated about placing it in the list of clovers — Alsiko, wliiti', crimson, Japanese, etc., recommended without reserve for one portion or Linother of our great country. But since without experiment we cannot say just what place this will best fill, it may remain in this list for the present. Serradella is an im- portant houey-plant, its yellowish-red blossoms, which appear in June and last until August, yielding abundantly, and the honey is light yellow in color and of good quality. This list of nectar-yieldine plants, much longer than I at first intended it should be, still contains by no means allot those which wo might raise for honey. I have only ventured to mention some of the more important ones, and particularly such as I think are not as widely known as they deserve to be. My chief trouble has been to keep tbe list within bounds by the omission of numerous plants, shrubs, and trees that are well known as secreters of nectar, but which are not of great, practical value otherwise, or which are difficult to raise, or not available over great areas. Among these are some very interesting plants, beautiful ones, some old friends that I regretted not being able to place in this good and honorable company. I have preferred, also, to omit the names of many plants which I believe to be of value to our bees, but with whose honey-producing qualities I am not familiar, or at least not sufficiently so to enable me to speak with some degree of certainty. I hope others will add to the list in this respect. Fkank Benton. A. I. Root — In regard to the Cleome pwirjens I have had some experience with that. Sometimes I have been able to gather the nectar or honey from the flower with a teaspoon. I was told that there was a great deal of licorice in California. I did not see it, but was told there was. I don't know any- thing about ihe honey-yield from it, but I do know that bee- keepers are moving bees in many localities near to where it grows. Bee-keepers are also moving bees near where onions are. They seem to get good yields from it. L. D. Stilson — Too many of ns bee-keepers do not know whether our plants are honey-producing plants or not. Tbe bee-keepers want to be more accurate in regard to keeping track of the honey-plants in their localities, so as to know what the bees are gathering from at any season of the year. They ought to keep data of the honey-plants which grow in their neighborhood, and in that way know what the bees are gathering from. I have undertaken to study our honey-flora, and the more I look into it the more I find out that I do not know anything about it. It is the question at the bottom of all successful bee-culture. I believe the time will come when every bee-keeper will commence in the spring of the year and keep a record of what blossoms first, and what next, and so on. Each one must study it for himself, and by the time he has practiced it for a year or two he will begin to find where his honey is coming from, and then he will find that there are gaps between these honey-producing plants which he will learn how he can fill up. Whenever you do that you will be- gin to do the rest of your work in better style. The produc- tion of honey and the keeping of bees must be brought down just as close in the matter of detail as any other branch of business. You will have to study the honey-plants of your own locality. The people of Missouri are not as much inter- ested in what is raised in Michigan as about their own api- aries. Every man must study for himself. Pres. Abbott — I want to suggest one thing. I know of nothing that is any more pleasant than the study which is necessary to understand thoroughly the honey-flora of any locality — elementary botany. If you have any boys or girls at your home that have never given any attention to botany they can study it out for themselves. You do not have to have a teacher, and if you want to know of some books that will stir up an interest in botany I will tell you of two of them that are very small but exceediugly valuable. "How Plants Grow" and " How Plants Behave." Y'ou will find enough in these books to stimulate the study. Any boy can take "Gray's First Lessons in Botany " and analyze a plant. I think the time is coming when every successful bee-keeper will have to be posted in botany. F. H. Richardson— There are a great many of us that cannot study botany at the present time. I am in the bee- businesss for the dollars and cents, and I think we ought to talk about some bee-plant that would do us good at the pres- ent time. I believe to get honey you get your bees strong at this time of the year and they will winter well, and then plenty of honey will be brought in. I have always had some. 1 have got my hives full of honey now, and they are all right for the spring. Mr. Benton's essay has a good deal of value in it, but I cannot begin to remember it, and I would like to ask where it will be printed. I would like to have a copy to refer to. George W. York — It will be publisht in full in the Ameri- can Bee Journal. R. V. Holtermann — I want to ask how many of you have got sweet clover that your bees work on ? [About 25 members raised their hands.] How many of you know whether it is good for forage? [Five.] Pres. Abbott— Sweet clover here is all right for forage when animals learn to eat it, but after it produces flowers it is of no value as a forage plant. If it is to be used as a for- age plant it will have to be cut before it blooms. J. H. Milne — Alfalfa is worth more than sweet clover for forage and honey, but we can't raise it here. li. D. Stilson — I beg to differ from this gentleman who says that we can't raise alfalfa in this country. Pres. Abbott — You can't raise it where there is a clay be- tween the upper soil and the water. Mr. Whitcomb— As I left home they were harvesting the fourth crop of alfalfa with a clay subsoil, and the water is 100 feet below the surface. My bees will not work on alfalfa when they can get anything else. Sweet clover will grow where anything else will grow. If it is cut in season it makes as good a forage as alfalfa. It is a good dry-weather grower, and it makes good hay, and it is a fine fertilizer. Pres. Abbott — I have understood that the roots of the alfalfa will go down 12 or 15 feet. There is a plant of the ordinary red clover that goes down 10 feet. The roots of the Alsike clover also go down to great depths where it has a sandy subsoil. I would like to know it it can go through a clay subsoil ? Mr. Whitcomb — In Kansas and Nebraska the alfalfa roots work down through what might be called the "joints" be- tween the layers of the soil. Roots have been found 30 feet below the surface. It is very hard to raise, and it must be put in with a press drill. Mr. Milne— I spoke with reference to our northwest Mis- souri soil. It succeeds admirably after it gets started, but it is difficult to get caught, mainly because the land is so weedy. If the weeds are cut and kept down it will grow well. I have had some growing for from two to ten years, and where it can get caught it makes the best yielder I ever tried.- I think Alsike and alfalfa are the best for bees. Pres. Abbott— Do drouths kill it? H. J. Newberry — No. We have had this season the worst drouth that has occurred for years, and I have cut four crops. Mr. Whitcomb — The present drouth has not affected the crop of alfalfa. There is one thing about sweet clover — it must not be left too long before it is cut. Pres. Abbott — Yes, if it is left until the sugar is out of it — out of the stalk — it will not be eaten. Dr. Miller — There is a place that I know of, and that I pass when going down to my out-apiaries^ where for half a mile the sweet clover grows along the rcjadside and the cattle are turned in the road and tramp it down going back and forth to pasture. It is uot more than a foot high, and is always in bloom. John Wier — There are five acres of sweet clover just close to me, and in the early spring the cattle on the road eat it off, and it comes up again and blooms later than ever — it blooms later than where it has not been eaten off, and there it grows big and then dies. G. V. Hagaman — I have been watching sweet clover for a good many years, and 1 have come to the conclusion that it is the only thing that I ever heard of that we can control. If you have sweet clover you will be sure to get honey. As Dr. Miller says, it makes a nice growth In the spring, and the cattle eat it. If the first crop is cut close to the ground, the second crop will come up and bloom right after the white clover and basswood. W. L. Porter — In some districts where it is very dry we get but little benefit from alfalfa as a honey-plant. [Concluded ne.Tt week.] Xhe McEvoy Foul Brood Treatment Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for SI. 10. 408 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 1, GBORCB W. YORK, ■ Editor. pnBLISHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, lis Mlclilgan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year — Sample Copy Sent Free. (BDMred at tbe Post-OtBce at Chicago aa Second-Class Mall-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers^ Ujiioji. Ort'anized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture; to promote the intereets of bee-keepers ; lo protect its nieuibers ; to prevent the adulteration of honey; and to prosecute the dishonest honey-commission men. Membership Fee— $1.00 Per Annum. JijveoiitiT^e Committer, President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Whitcomb. Secretart— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Board of Directors, E. R. Root. E. Whitcomb. E. T. Abbott. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller. C. P. Dadant. Ge-nera/ il/anai*-er and Treasurer. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. Next Auunal JTIeetlng at Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 24-26, 1897. VoLfflVII, CHICA&O, ILL„ JULY 1, 1897, No. 26, Editorial Con)xrfct)t$^ That BufTalo Convention— are you beginning to plan to go ? It will be the first good chance to have a real big meeting of bee-keepers. With only half a cent a mile on all railroads, it seems to us every bee-keeper will try his best to be there. Why, it will be almost as cheap to go as to stay at home ! Remember the date— Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, Aug. 24, 25 and 26. Mr. O. L. Hershiser, who lives in Buffalo, is making great preparations for the oee-conveutlon. Shouldn't wonder if he'd have something fine to say about It pretty soon. The program will be Issued soon, in pamphlet form. You will want a copy of It, whether you attend the convention or not. Next week we hope to be able to tell you more about it — more about the program and also about the convention. Tbe Old Union and Adulteration.— On page 405, Prof. Cook has an article urging that the National Bee- Keepers' Union take up the fight against adulteration of honej in California, as they now have a stringent antl-adul- teratlon law there. Were it not for the fact that the good Professor says he was unable, from a press of duties, to give the subject of amalgamation due consideration when it was up for discussion and voting the past winter, his stand now would be almost amusing. Several of the members of both the Old and the New Union tried to get the members of the former society to see that If only the amalgamation of the two organizations could be effected, then all the money In both treasuries, and to be paid in thereafter, could be used in a big effort to stop the adulteration of honey, or along any other important line of interest to bee-keepers. But as all know, amalgamation was defeated, and with it a pretty clear notice given that the money in the treasury of the Old Union was to be used only in protecting bee-keepers in their right to keep bees, and not to be spent in other direc- tions. Altho we had about as big a share in the funds on hand as any one, and very much desired to see a union of the two societies, so that greater work could be undertaken, we quietly submitted to the will of the majority — until some future time, when those disagreeing with us could have time to see the error of their action, and perhaps untie the hands of the Old Union, by finally deciding that there shall be but 07ie national organization of bee-keepers — an organization around whose standard and objects might be rallied a large membership that would be glad to contribute when they could see that every bee-keeper in the land was being benefitted thereby. But everything depends upon the general manager of a society like the Union, if anything useful is to be done. If the manager is listless, unaggressive, and "afeard " to begin a fight against the wrong, when having ample backing, then of course nothing will be done, and the membership can simply have the " pleasure " of belonging to an organization with a big name, and existing upon past achievements, tho of but little real use in the world. Like a political party, when an organization fails to ad- dress itself to the new and developing needs that accompany progress and the ongoing of time, it should have the good sense to get out of the way, and not continue a stumbling- block or an impediment in the way of the advance of newer and better organization, that is adapted to meet the demands of the times, and that will, with proper and deserved encour- agement, do even a greater work than the superannuated society ever did. We say this with all due respect for what the Old Union has been enabled to accomplish in years gone by. But all organizations must keep abreast with, or broaden out to encompass, the rapidly increasing needs, or expect to be superseded by others that will do the work that must be done. Had Prof. Cook, and all the rest of the one hundred or so that helpt to defeat amalgamation, voted the other way, he now would need to spend no time in an endeavor to get the resulting society to undertake the enforcement of an anti- adulteration law, for that is a part of the New Union's busi- ness, and just as soon as it has the necessary funds (as it would have had long ago, had amalgamation carried) it will likely address itself to that important task. Permit us to suggest that another ballot on amalgama- tion be taken soon, without any unjustifiable interference by any one, as was done at the last election, and we'll wairant that it will carry with a whoop, and all will be happy and hopeful — except perhaps those with a pet hobby, or who think they must rule, else all will go to the everlasting bowwows. Another "Cure" lor Bee- Paralysis.— Mr. Joseph Mounier, of Florida, who has had some experience with bee-paralysis, describes his treatment as follows in Glean- ings for June 15 : Last fall my prospects as a bee-keeper were very unsatis- factory by reason of " paralysis" among the bees, nearly my whole apiary being infected. The bees had a greasy appear- ance, and were dying In front of the hives by thousands, and I thought seriously of giving up the business. So, just before starting for Miami to pass the winter, I doubled up several of the very weakest and left them for all winter In discourage- ment. About the first of last March I went to take a look at them, and found about half of tbe colonies dead, and the others very weak ; but I was surprised to see the colonies I had 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 409 doubled up. They were as strong as auy I ever saw — had a bright, healthy color, aud not a sick bee. They were full of honey. This set me to thinking, and I formed this theory : The bees were loath to kill off their own sick " brethren,"' but killed the sick strangers without mercy, and thus threw off the disease; so I went to work and put two colonies to- gether, where I thought they were too far gone ; and where they still had enough bees I simply changed their places, put- ting No. 1 in the place of Xo. '2, and No. 2 on the old stand of No. 1. I did this In the middle of the day, when the bees were at work, also shaking some combs of bees before their entrances, so as to mix up thoroughly the bees in both hives. The results were astonishing. They went to work on the sick bees, and in a few days I saw a raarkt Imporovement ; and now my apiary is as healthy as any I ever saw. I have already extracted 550 gallons of honey, besides increasing my bees back to last last fall's count. The bees are bright, full of life, and are as cross as any I ever saw. All a colony needs Is bees from another colony to cure themselves. So sure am I of this, that, if I were buying bees now, I would not discount them on account of paralysis. If, as you say, it may come again, let it come. It doesn't take long to apply the remedy ; and if you could see my bees now it would be difficult for you to realize the condition they were in only three months ago. Editor Root says In his foot-note to Mr. Monnier's article : " Not until I shall find that it works with equal success in the hands of others as well, shall I begin to believe that we have a real cure for bee-paralysis." Here's a chance for an experi- ment for those who have bees afflicted with the disease. Adulteration ; Cane Sug-ar and Glucose. — The following paragraphs appeared as an editorial in Glean- ings, and we think we need make no apology for reproduc- ing it: "When an analysis of honey shows only 10 per cent, of cane sugar as an adulterant, and m glucose, it does not neces- sarily signify adulteration. I believe the Uuited States chemist stated, some time ago, that very small percentage of cane sugar found in honey could not be taken as positive evidence of fraud. If I am correct, nectar, just as it comes from the flowers, is chemically, to a great extent, a cane sugar ; but after it has past through the ripening process it is converted into what we call honey. Sometimes, when the honey is gathered and stored rapidly, it is not as thoroughly ripened at some times as at others. The consequence is, analysis shows a trace of cane sugar. " Perhaps our readers may think that, even if this is true, it would not be wise to give publicity to it, for the reason that dishonest persons would think they could add at least 10 per cent, of cane sugar to their honey, and not be detected. No fear need be apprehended along this line, for the reason that good qualities of honey are sold so near the price of cane syrup it would not pay to put iu so small an amount. But then it may be argued that it might pay to put at least 10 per cent, in (iarfc honey ; but here, again, the price is as low or lower than the syrup. If adulteration were practiced at all it would be syrup adulterated with honey, rather than honey adulterated with syrup. "But you may ask what specially called forth this edi- torial. A short time ago an innocent party was accused of adulterating, because the chemist found 10 per cent, of cane sugar in his honey. I wrote to the party in question, giving the position of the United States chemist, aud added that it was my opinion his honey wasn't adulterated : that, if he were bad enough to go into any such fraud, he would not stop at 10 per cent., but would put in enough to pay him for doing it, and that would be 50 or at least '6'6 per cent. " On the other hand, when analysis shows a very small percentage of glucose, it is pretty certain that some one put it there. Glucose is very easily detected by the chemist, and it Is no difficult matter to determine even the very exact per cent, of it. The adulterant (glucose) by reason of its very low price, and the fact that it is almost devoid of any color, is what we have to fear. It pays, from a financial standpoint, to mix honey and glucose, provided the mixture can be palmed off as pure honey. But our food commissioners in our various States are becoming more and more alert ; and with good laws back of them in every Slate in the Union, the chemists would enable them to hunt down the guilty parties and make them pay the penalty of the law. The Uuited States Bee-Keepers' Union will undoubtedly work to secure the enactment of pure- food laws in States where they have none. There is no ques- tion but this is the proper way to handle the glucose problem." TJ?e Weekly Budget. Mr. R. McKnight, of Canada, uses the solar wax-extrac- ter for evaporating fruit. It is necessary to raise the cover slightly to allow the moisture to pass off. So says the Review. Kr. Jas. a. Stone, of Sangamon Co.. III., Secretary of the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association, wrote us June 23 : " Bees are just booming." Last year they hardly paid him for their " keep." Mr. C. P. Dadant, of the tirm of Chas. Dadant & Son (the great comb-foundation makers), writing us June 19, said : "We are all well and booming. We have been kept busy for two months past. The bees are filling everything. This season will give the bee-fever to thousands of people." Mb.. W. J. Stevenson, of Ontario, Canada, wrote us lately : " I find I cannot do without the American Bee Journal. I get it regularly every week, and always find something to help me on. In No. 24 I find the very thing I wanted." Mr. Henry Allev — the old Bay State queen-breeder — wrote us as follows, June 19 : " Friend York : — Why don't you send that hot wave to New England? While you are sweltering with the heat we are enjoying fine, cool weather — 78- is the highest tempera- ture since April 25. The weather has cleared, and bees are doing well now. My advertisement in the American Bee Journal is bringing in lots of orders. I always get good re- turns from an advertisement in your paper." Mr. G. S. Crego, a young bee-keeper about 15 miles west of Chicago, kindly brought us a section of new comb honey June 22, which was taken from the hive the day before. It was gathered principally from dandelion bloom, and was very nice for that grade of honey. It had been stored in comb built by the bees last year, first leveled down to perhaps half an inch deep cells. The comb was very tender, and tho Mr. Crego thought the septum would be tough, it was not notice- ably or unpleasantly so. In fact, only an expert would detect it, and then perhaps only after having his attention called to it. Surely the new drawn foundation would be no more in evidence. We are anxious to try a sample of new comb honey built on the drawn foundation. Nothing like personal experi- ence, you know. Editor Hutchinson, in the May Review tells a bit of personal experience — he calls it "genuine praise" — that is worth repeating here : "There was one little incident happened when I was away at the Fairs last fall that I have several times been tempted to tell, but have not done so for fear that some of my readers would think that the telling was prompted by egotism, but I have decided to tell you that that isn't the motive, and then tell the story, so that you may enjoy the situation. "One afternoon, towards evening, as most of the sight- seers had left the building, I was leaning against a pillar a little in front of my exhibit, looking at the show in a sort of admiring, speculative mood, when a young man came along and began talking with me about bees and bee-keeping, evi- dently taking me for a visitor. After talking awhile he said : "' I see that you are somewhat interested in bees, and I'll tell you of an article that you ought to read. It was In the Cosmopolitan a year or so ago. It was illustrated, and ran through two numbers, and the man that wrote it not only knew something about bees, but he knew how to tell it so that other folks could understand it. Of course, I have read and heard a great deal about bees, but there were lots of things that I never really understood until I read that article and lookt at those pictures.' "And then he went on to tell rae of some of the wonderful things that he had read there. By holding my tongue, except to thank him, I prevented us both from feeling very foolish and uncomfortable, but I considered it the most genuine and disinterested compliment I ever received." NOMT is the Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offers made on page -101 ? 410 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 1, BEE-BOOKS SEXT rosTrAii) BY Geor£:e W. York & Co. i:hlcnsru» IllH. Iteea ami Honey, or ManngemeDt of an Apiary for Pleasure and I'rotlt. by Tlioiuas G. Newman. — This edition has been lari:ely rewritten, thoroutrhly revised, and Is ** fully up witli the times " In all the tmproveniL'tits and Inventlnns In this rapldly-devel- Oplnf? pursuit, and presents tlie apiarist with everytliin^ tliat can aid In tliu successful nmnat-'e- ment of an apiary, and at tho same tlnae produce the must honey In an atirnctlve condition. It con- tains "J-'iU p:i;-'L'S, and 245 Illustrations — Is beautifully &rliitc-d In the highest stvio of the art, and bound 1 clutli. t:old-Iettered. Price. $1.UU. l^aiiffstroth on the IIoney-Bee, revised by DadJtiJt— Tills classic In bee-culture, has been enthoiy rewritten, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everytlilntr relatlntr to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this stondiird work by Kev. Ij. Ij. Jjangstroth — the Father of American BceCulture. It has 52U pages; bound In cloth. Price, postpaid, $l.'3o. Bee-fi.e=pers* OiiUle, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helptul as a guUlo In bee-keeplnK. but Is Interestiiit,' and thoroughly practical and scientific. Ucnntnlns a full delineation of theanatomy and physiology of bees. 4(10 pages ; Ixmnd In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Scientific Qneen-Kearlnie, a8 Practical! v Applied, by G. :m. Doollttle.— A method by which tho very best of t^Hieen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's war. ITti pages, bound la cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-CiiUiire, by A. I. Root.— A cyclop:edla of 400 pat;es. describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains yoj engravings. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-CiiUiire, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. llutchlnson.— The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his bi>ok. IHJ pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-ILeeplncr. by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest Gerjnan bookoa bee-cultiire. U has o50 pages; bound tn paper covers, $1.00 Bleneii-K.u1tur, by Thomas G. Newnan. * This is a German translation of the prlnclppi por- tion of the book calletl Bkcs op Honey, lOJ page painpiilet. Price, 4U cents. CouTentlon Hand-Book, for Bee-Keepers. - Thomas G. Newman.— It contains the parlliimen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tliirty Years Amon»; the Booh, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latestworkof tbekind. Nearly luo pages. Price, 5uc. \\\\y Eat Honey -?— This Leaflet ie intend- ed for PKKK distribution, to create a Local Market. liHj copies, by mail. 3U cts.: otnj for $1.25; lOW, $2.(Mj. How to Keep Honey and preserve its richness and Haver. Price same as Why Eat iloney. Alfiilke Clover Leartet.— Full directions for growing. M) for 25 cts.; lOO for 40 cts.; 200, TOc. Apiary Register, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Licather binding. Price, for 5(i colonies. |1.(mi; for 100 colonies. $1.25. FreparuClou of Honey for the Alnrket* Including the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bt:KS ANf lIoNEV. I*rice. ID cents, Bee PuMtiiraice » Nccesalty.— This book sug ffests what and liuw to plat' U la a chapter frou Bei;s ano llu.NKV. Price. 10 centa. The Hive I r«c, by G. M. Doollttle. It details his manajreinent of bees, and methods of producing: comb honey. Price, 5 cents. Hr. Howard^M Book on FonI Krood. —Gives the McKv0 cts. Winter Problem in Bee-Keepln>r. by G, K. Pierce. Uesult of 2.'i yeara' experience. 5i» eta. Handling: IIccm, by Chjis. Badant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price., tt cts. HItitory of IJee-AssocIaiions, and Unef Ke- orts of the tlrst 20 conventions. Price 15 cts Poni Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price. 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Orig-ln. Development and Cure. Price, 25 cts. Fraelioal HtntK to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by Chas. F. Ml'th. AUo contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Wiuter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Kecpins lor Profit, by Dr. G. h. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 80 p.; illustrated. 25c. KmerNon Binders, made especially for the Bee .lofaxAL, are convenient for preserving each number as fust as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts, Comuieroial Calculator, by C. Kopp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. 1, bound in water proof leatherette, cilf finish. Price. 4n cts. No. 2 in tine artitlcial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price. 60 cts. Green's Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to. 1st, How We Made the Old Farm Pay ; 2nd, Peach Culture; 3rd. How to Propagate t^ruit- Plants. Vines and Trees; 4th, General Kruit In- structor. Nearly 120 pages. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Oreliard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating: Spray- ing, Evaporation, Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price. 25 cts. Kendall's Horf«e-Book. — 35 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Sila«:e, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price. '2b cts. Lumber and Ijo;2:-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. ITIaple Sugar and the Sufrar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price. 25 cts. Capons and CaponizIng:, by Dr. Sawyer. Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, yo cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 04 pages. Price, 3u cts. Poultry lor Iflarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 04 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor ITIarket and Turlieys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Rural Life.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits. "Vege- tables, and Household Matters, lOO pages. 25 cts. Potato cmlture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them profitably. Price, 40 cts. Hand- Book of Health, by T)r. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley,— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price. 50c. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Bead Carefully.) The following ckibbing prices include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken in each case with the Itee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the books on this page. Followlngis the clubblng-Ust: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Beo $'2.00 2. A B Oof Bee-Cull ure 2.00 .'J. Bee-Keeper's(Julde 1.75 4. Bees and Hone>- I Cloth bound] I.b5 .5, Dootu tie's ScienilflcQueen-Heariug. 1.75 (i, Dr. Howard's Koul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture I.:i0 !(, Blenen-Kultur [Herman] l.'JO 11. Kational Bee-Keeping [Paper bound] 1.75 I'i. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.1)0 i:i. Bee-Keeping for I'roflt 1.15 14. Convention lland-Book 1,15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 10. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17'. Capons and Caponlzing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. Green's Four Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 2:i. Rural Life 1.10 24. EmcrsoD Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Commercial Calculator, No. 2 1,40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 .30. Potato Culture 1.20 32. Hand-Bookof Health 1.10 Z.i. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush. ... 1.20 35. Silo and Silage 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1,30 37. Apiary Register (tor .50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Register I for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1,30 A Special Booklet Bargaiu ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a special offer on booklets on Bees. Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 cents we will mail any « of the list below: and lor $1.25 we will mail the n-hole dozen ; 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 25c 2. Poultry for Market and Profit 25c 3. Turkeys for Market and Profit 25o 4. Our Ponltry Doctor 30c 5. Capons and Canonizing 30c 0, Hand-Book ot Health, by Dr. Foote.. 2oc 7. Kendall's Horse-Book 25o 8. Rural -Life 25o 9. Ropp's Commercial Calculator 2.5c 10. Foul Brood, bv Kohnke 25c 11. Silo and Silage, by Prof Cook 25c 12. Bieneu-Kultur, by Newman 40c GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS 10 Sl^T DISCOUNT 1 have a Largre (.Jiianttty ol' Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipping- Cases at 10 per ceut. discount from list [irice. Cases holding 15 sections. $5.00 per hundred net. First-chiss work guaranteed. Write for Price-List. W. J, STAHMAMV, Weaver, Iflinn. Mention the American Bee JoumaL 25A8t i^ THE ADEL BEES AHEAD ^ Send for Catalog and see proof that Adel bees heat them all. One Queen ^l. 00; two Queens $1 90: three Queens $-3. 75: six Queens $5.50; 12 Queens $10. All beautiful, -i banded bees, HENKV ALiLEV, Weiihaiu, lYlasH. 25A4t Mention the American Bee Journals WOVEN WIRLFENC i k i Itrr.t uii Kurth. Ilun.r-lili:li, Bull- k sli-oiia:,rieandClil<'ti'ii-tiKlil. Witii I our in 1'I.KX AITOMATIC 3Iarliliit- « v<"ni Clin in;iko (in nulsn dav f»>"' I (2 to 20 cts. a Rod ! KITSELMAN BROS., J Rr>\ i:is. Ridgeville, Ind. * 48Etf Mention tin' Antencan Bee .nmrnaf' u Golden Italian, 3 Handed, Carniolan and Im- ported. Barred Pl.vraouth Ko'k egtcs. All at living prices. Catalog free. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. 14Etr Please mention the Bee Journal. METAL WHEELS in all sizes and varieties, to fit any «^j axle. 'I'licy last forever. Either I direct or stajjger spoke. Can't "^ breakdown; can't 501b AlslkeCiover 70 $1.25 SH.OO $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.35 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 .3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 .S.SO Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YOBK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. TRANSFERRING^^ If you contemplate buying either three or five band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. If you need some of the best now. send 75 cts. for one, .$4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full Instructions for lolroducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be sent free. Money Order othce— Warrenton. W. H. PRIDGEN, 21A13t Cheek, Warren Co.. N. C. Mention the JL^Hcncan Bee jtnm'tiaL Our '97 Catalog —OF— Apiarian Siiiipiies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking It is full of information. }^~ Write for it. I. J. STRHVOHAM, 105 Park Place. NEWYOKK, N. Y. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That win keep Hen's Egirs perfectly through warm weather, just as good as fresh ones tor cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents aduZ'U for the eggs he preserved, and then late* sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can R reserve tbem lor about 1 cent per dozen. ow is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- malion— Dr. A. B. lUASON, 3512 Monroe Street, - Toledo, Ohio. Qet;)eral Itenjs^ Swarming — IiOts of White Clover. Bees are swarming lively. I had 14 swarms the last week. There is lots of white clover this year. 6. E. Nklson. Henry Co., 111., June 20. Hoping for a Big Crop. Bees are doing fairly well. There is plenty of white clover, but we have had some cold weather. I hope for a big honey crop. Charles Lkhnus. Kankakee Co., III., June 21. Boiling in the Honey. My bees are rolling in the honey as never before from white clover and rasp- berry. Linden is not yet in bloom. I have 65 colonies. Wm. C. Hudnall. Fulton Co., 111., June 16. Good Honey Flow. Our honey-flow is good. I never had a better prospect for honey. White clover is flourishing everywhere. U. J. B'.OCHER. Stephenson Co., III., June 19. Piling in the White Clover. The bees are piling in the white clover honey at a great rate. This is the best show for honey I have seen for ten years. Success to the " Old Reliable." Jas. Abnot. Lafayette Co., Wis., June 19. First Case of Comb Honey. I took off our first case of comb honey to-day — white clover. The last two or three weeks of dry weather has cut the clover short. Basswood will be in bloom next week. J. M. Young. Cass Co,, Nebr., June 21. White Clover Blooming. My bees are doing fine, and honey is coming in fast. I wintered 5 colonies, and have Increast to 8, with some more to follow soon. White clover is bloom- ing in fine style. M. W. Beights. Buena Vista Co., Iowa, June 17. Expecting Biggest White Clover Yield I couldn't keep house without the American Bee Journal. I wintered 9 colonies without loss, and have them running over with bees. I am looking for the biggest white clover honey crop in years. There are 1,000 acres of pasture within two miles of my apiary that is a solid bed of whiieclover, which Is just in full bloom. I can hear the roar of my bees when 20 rods from the yard, as they hustle out after their loads of sweets. So far I have had but one swarm. I gave supers early, and as soon as the bees began to cluster in front of the hive and show signs of overcrowding I raised up the supers and put on a sec- ond, and smoked the bees inside. I found the first supers were about half filled with fine white clover honey. If I mm for the seasons operations on I the farm, and one which will ! yield the most satisfying re- I turns is to thoroughly renovate and rejuvinate the system by the aid of that time tested and reliable remedy ,>SJ ^'q^(^«^ It quickly corrects that clayed condition of the liver so pro- , . ductive of Biliousness and (IM»J Dyspepsia after the long win- ^^S ter of inactivity. In addition i \ I to the above good qualities it »^V j) is a positi\e cure for IS nothing "just as good" as il AfinfTlaxn Bs? jC14~^^:s;„ One Cent Invested In a postal card will get my large Cata- log of All Hoot's Goods. Send list of what you want, and get price. ni. H. HTNT, Bell Branch, micli. WHEN AnSWE«ING This ADVERTISEMENT. MENTION THIS , DEC ^CCDCD9 \ Let me send you my 64- DLL-NLLrLriO I page Catalog tor 18vi7. J. in. Jenkins, Wetnmpka, Ala. Afcr.tiCin UiC A.nwrican Uce 'cur''vH, ORDERS filled by retnrn mail for the choicest Untested Italian Queens at 60c tuch. Can furnish 1, 2 and .3 tr. Nuclei. .\. I. KooT Co.'s Supplies. Send for :l6-page Catalog. J no. Nebel & Son, Higli Hill, KIo. Mention the American Bee Journal. 4Atf i ,u \\ iii Never .111»» T!ie Page Fence, 'TSli Tlio tows Break In. ?;any ;i tiinuer who h.is been persuaded to tuild ' -• of I he many substitutes "warrao'.td just as ■ I as I he l*U).'e" has tlatiered h:rase.r" that a sav lius t>i»en made, sooneror later the real test le . and as the siuooth tonktued agent is not ■sent to •"an.'ue" ^virti the unruiv stock, the un uy f.'.rmeran-akoDS to the fact that hi^ ImaBin- ■savinus' have iieen translormed into an actual ^•. not to mention the '"loss of conddence " PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.. Adrian, Mich. ■{.-'..''.--:.. - -S ^ir.erica'i S'^^e-'cui-'irz.:, ^ ^ ¥ California It you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. • PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. Mention the Amcricnn Bee JoumcL Bee -Hives, Sections. Shlpplng- Ca.ses— everything used by bee- keepers. Orders filler) orompMr. Semi for catalog MIHt.SiiT.! llEii- kEKPRRS' StrPlV MFC. ((I., Nicollet Island. Minneapolis. Minn. Cha8. Mondeso. Mgr. 22At£ rifrvtfjC^ 9'A A-^firvyn-', P«.< J. M. YOUNG, Box 814, PlattsDioiitti, Cass Co,, Nelir. ''I 'I 26Atf WATCH THIS ADT. can keep the balance of my colonies from swarmiiiK until July 1, I expect to get nearly 500 pounds of white clover honey. We have a second honey-flow In this section from sniartweed, which comes up and covers the stubblefields after harvest. Last year I secured nearly 50 pounds per colony from that source. I find as ready a market for this dark honey as for th(> choicest white clover honey, many preferring the smartweed honey, especially after it is well ripened. E. O. Cole. Ida Co., Iowa, June 17. Iowa Coming' Back. My bees have increast from 17 colo- nlesj spring count, to 40. I have young swarms that were hived the first day of June that have stored 100 pounds of white clover houey. Iowa is coming back to where it used to be for honey. H. J. Lang. Jones Co., Iowa, June 19. Gathering Honey 'Very Fast. Bees are gathering honey very fast now, and I think the flow will be good. I have ISO colonies, and they are keep- ing me very busy at preseot. H. T._Hagler. Macoupin Co., III., .Tune li. Bees Doing Nicely. The bee-keepers here tell me that bee- keeping in Kansas is not a success. This is my first year, and my bees are doing nicely so far. They are working on alfalfa, wild flowers and buckwheat. Mb.s. Lizzie Ireland. Republic Co., Kans., June 21. On a S-warming Spree. My bees are on a swarming spree. I had seven swarms come off to-day at one time — three second and four first swarms. They all settled in one cluster. It was the largest bunch of bees I ever saw. They would have filled a washtub even full, or more. I will tell some other time what I did with them, as they com- menced to ball the queens and fight all over the apiary. I believe that I can take a thousand pounds of honey from my bees now. They have filled two-thirds of the brood- frames and capt it over — all white clover honey, and I believe it will stop the swarming. J. Q. Smith. Logan Co., III., June 12. Prospects in Maryland. Please accept my thanks for making the Bee Journal what it is, and for ex- posing fraudulent commission men. I know what, or how, they " pull " one if they can. I had some " pull " me in Pittsburg and Philadelphia last summer, on peaches. The bees seem to be rolling in the honey from somewhere, but not from white clover, for it is seldom I can see a bee on It. There is more small white clover this summer than I have seen for 20 years, but the bees don't visit it any. We have several acres of Alsike clover, and the bees are making good use of it. It is something new for our neighbor farmers, and it looks so well, and has such a fine growth which pleases them For Sale, BEES and (jlEEl Queens, 50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen, 12 00; Two frames, $1.50; One frame, $1.00. Full Colonies, $t. 00. Mrs. A. A. SimPSOX, 16A13 SWARTS, Greene Co., Pa. (^■sntteT. 4n« >3)^8!"V(son See /u^tTV".ci- SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Poader'8 Honey - Jara, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. 'Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave.. Indi.^napolis. Indiana. -Vt'^ [)0\JDtmjui" 'HEN AMSWERIxr. .HIP, A0VERTI8EMEr>.r. MENTION* 'TH'S iOURfJU. ET- IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A.J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Idberal Discounts to the Trade. Mention t)te Amerl/xin Bee Journal. PATENT WIRED COMB FOONDATIOH k k^^y J. A. VAN DEUSEN. ^^^^H Sole Manntactnrer, ^^^^^" Dpront Brook Montgomery Co., N. T Has No Sag In Brood-Framea Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation Bas So Fisbbone id tbe Sorplos Hooey. Being the cleanest Is nsnslly worked the galckest of any Foundation made J. A. If \'ou Keep bat One Remedy ""'^"I^Xuidbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT ANY PKICE. fd/e^t^^L^/hZoaet Cathartics [^jow 100 in a Box. il.OO— 17 In a Box. 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^^"l^'^ATION Can do the work of four men using hand tools, In Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Kdglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Line of Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trial. Calalogae Free. SENE^'A PALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. 1 Aly Alentuj,. the American Bee Journal. Italian Queens "' ^l^^r I'ntcsted, .30c.; Tested, $1.00. Nuclei..; frame. $3.00. including a good Queen. Hees by the Pound. E. L. CARKI>n ION, 22Atf Oe Funlak Sprlnsa, Fla. CARLOADS m Hee-Ulves. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, !ind Everything used in the Bee-Industry. 1 want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Amer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as consumers. Send for cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAM, RiVEK Falls. Pierce Co., Wis. Mention the American Bee joumaZ. 414 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, July 1, so that some of them say they will sow several acres of it next spring. The most that is against our bees is that we have such a cool summer, cloudy and rainy. Our bees swarmed early — they commenced April 28, I think. Now they are about over the swarming fever. I hope so, anyway, for I did not want any swarms. Things are looking very encouraging for bee-men and farm- ers. We never had a better prospect for a crop of fruit, plenty of apples, berries and peaches. L. A. Hammond. Washington Co., Md., June 14. Swarming Freely. Bees wintered well in this section, and came out strong in the spring, but we have had so much cool weather that they are not doing much as yet. There is more white clover this spring than we have had for years, yet bees do not seem to work on it. Perhaps as the weather warms they will do better. They are swarming freely. John H. Whitmore. Jackson Co., Mich., June 23. An Excellent Bee-Country. It is nearly 15 years since I saw the American Bee Journal. But I find it as profitable as it used to be. I used to re- side in Utah. My old father and I were the first, or among the first, bee-men there were in Utah. I have moved to Idaho, and I find we have an excellent bee-country, second to none in the West. We have a wonderful amount of honey- producing plants, also very heavy honey-dew falls, which collects on the willows and trees in the fall. Alfalfa, sweet clover, and the tall white clover all grow very extensively in this section. JosEi'u E. Morgan. Fremont Co., Idaho, June 21. Good Price for Extracted Honey. My bees are doing fine. I have 32 good, strong colonies up to date, I took about 700 pounds of honey up to the first of June, mostly extracted ; this I have sold for on an average of .':;10.25 per 100 pounds. How is this for ex- tracted honey ? I cannot do without the "Old Relia- ble." B. P. Weast. Rutherford Co., N. C, June 14. Pine Alfalfa Honey in Oeorgia. This is my second year in the "bee- business." I follow it almost altogether {or pastime, and am very much charmed with it. We had a fine flow of white honey this spring, gathered, I think, from about 25 acres of alfalfa — the only crop of this plant that I know of in this portion of the State. The honey was the finest In color and taste it has ever been my fortune to enjoy. It was pronounced by Dr. J. P. H. Brown as being as fine as he had ever seen. Dr. Brown is the " father of bee-culture " in this section, and has been of great service to nic as a beginner, giving'me the best of advice and information at all times. I look for the American Bee Journal each week with great pleasure. T. H. Sherman. Richmond Co., Ga., June lU. BE COJiVIEED, A^D GET YOUR MONEfS WORTH We offer the New Cliaiiiplon Doiib. lea-Walled Cliaft' Hive, made of the Best White Pine Lumber, from now until Jiiu. 1, I8B8, Compli-te and Painted, with Dovetail Body and Two Supers for Comb Honey or Bi-ti-ac'ting: 8, 9 or 10 frame hive, with Thick Top, Self-Spiclngr Hoff- man frames. iQcludlnsr 2 or 4 folded Tin- Rabbets, Tin Odvct and Double Bottom- all for only $l..30. The satne In the Flat for 98 cents; and if Outside Summer and Winter Case is wanted only, complete and painted, to lit .any Dovetail or aimpliclty 8, 9 or 10 Iranie hive, for 93 cents; and the same in the Flat for 73 cents. Inside measurement of Case 23.\20 inches, and 21 Inches high. The above Hive has all the latest improvements. We solicit your orders. We also make The Neatest No-Drip Shipping-Case Send for L.oivest Figures. We deliver ;iU ^oods f. o. b. cars or boat l.iudiag at Sheboygan. Wis. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Box 187, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Tlie Great People's Atlas of the WorM. MORE THAN 100,000 COPIES SOLD ANNUALLY. Up-to-Dale, Accurate. Beautilully Illustrated. Nearly 70 Comprehensive Maps, many of them double-page. 140 New and Superb Illustrations. A whole Library in itself, of vita! and ab- sorbing interest to every member of the household. Population of each State and Territory, of all Counties of the United States, and of American Cities of over 5,000 inhabitants, by latest Census. The handfomely enpraved maps of all the States and Territories ia the Union are larpp, full-page, with a number of douljle-pape maps to represent the most important of the Sta es. All countries on the face of the earth are shown. Riv- ers and lakes are accurately loca- ted. All of the lartre cities of the world, the important towns and most of the villages of the United States are given on these maps; also every county In each Slate. Over 200 MaRnifleent Illustra- tions and Maps embellish nearly every page of the Atlas and faith- fully depict scenes in almost every part or..thc world. Miniature Cut of \ ti irt Arlnal '^ 7e "i Cluscd, 14 b) 11 luil.uo H by 22 Xnchea ; This Atlas contains a prodigious amount of Historical. Physical. Po- litical. Educational and Statistical matter, so comprehensively ar- ranged and indext that informa- tion on any subject can be found In a moment's time. Description of the Worid. It contains a General Description of the World, giving Its Physical Features. Form. Density, Tempera- ture, Motion. Winds and Currents; Distribution of Land and Water; Races of People, their Religions and Numbers; also the moat com- plete List of Nations everpublisht, giving thelroeograpblcal Local ion. Area, Population, Forms of Gov- ernment, etc. The Popular and Electoral Votes for President In 1SS4, 1888 and 1892, by States. List of All the Presidents. Agricultural Productions. Mineral Products. Homestead Laws and Civil Service Rules. Statistics of Immigration, 1820 to 1891. Public Debt for the Past 100 Years. Gold and Sliver Statistics. Number and Value of Farm Animals. Cultivable Area as Compared with Increase of Popu- lation. Postal Information, with Domestic and Foreign Rates, and Other Informa- tion that should be In every Home, Store, Office and Schoolroom. We will mall this great Atlas, postpaid, for only .^0 cts.; or for SL-iO we will send itwith the Bee _ ..lournal for one year ; or we will mail it free as a premium for sending us one New Subscriber ($1.00) to the Bee Journal for a year. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. Our Liberal Offers : 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 415 HONEY and BEESWAX SlARKirr QtOXATIO.liS. Chicagro, 111., June 14.— Fancy white. 120 ];ii'.: No. 1 white. iO®llc.; fancy umber. 9@ 10c. ; No. 1 amber. 7@8c.; fanr>y clarl:. Sc; No. 1 dark. 5@7. Extraotefl. white, h'chlv.; amber. 4@."jc: dark. .■iV4®4c. Becswa.t. ie®-?. Not any new comb honey in market. Ex- tracted very slow ot sale. Philadelphia, Pa., June 14.— Fancy white, i:iai4c.: No. 1 wlilte. 12®i:ic.; lancy amber, li®12c.: No. 1 amber. 10@llu.; faney dark, sane; No. 1 dark. 7®8c. E.xtraotcd. white. 5®c.: dark, 4c. Beeswax. *3.^c. New honey has commenced to arrive. Very little call at present. To-day Is very dull. Prospects are for very low prices. Big-^rest honey crop Id 10 years. Milwaukee, Wis., June 14.— Fancy white, l'i®i4c.; Nu. 1 white. ll@12o.: fancy amber. 10® lie; No. 1 amber, 8@10c.; laucy dark, ■ S®!ic. E.vtracted. white, 5@6c.; amber, 4@5e. Beeswax. 'J7®'JSc. The stock of honey Is workin? down to a small supply; especially for anythlnK fancy. It is encou raping' to apiarists to find that the more carefully :ind nicely honey Is prepared, and the better the finality sent to this mar- ket, the more re.idily it will sell, and good re- turns follow. And new choii;e cjua Ity comb •will sell, while the common is very hard to move at any price. We think the old stock will all be disposed ot before any new crop is ready for market. Buffalo, N. Y, June 14.— Fancy white, 10 5®r>0c. per gallon tor better grades. Expect to have new crop California here within the next two weeks or sooner. Beeswax steady at 26@27c. Minneapolis, Minn., June 14. — Fancy while. 12@14c.: No. 1 white. 1 l®l2o : fancy amber. 10@llc ; No. 1 amber. 9@10c: fancy dark.8®9c.; No. 1 dark. 7@Sc. Extracted, white. 6©7c.; amber. o@6c. ; dark, 4@5o. Bees*ax, 24®27c. Demand for extracted honey is nominal, but at fair prices. Comb very slow on ac- count of warm weather. San Francisco, Calif., June 9.— White comb. 9-lOc.; amber..5-7c. Extracted, white, 4-Si-.5',c. ; light amber, 4-lWc.; amber, 3^c.; darktule, 2-l»c. Beeswax lair to choice, 25- 27c New-crop honey has been coming forward quite freely, mostly extracted, with demand slow at full current figures, and mainly for local use. i-ome inquiry is being made en foreign account, init shippers' ideas of values, 6o far as exprest this season, are at a low range, and under any prices which have yet been acceptable to producers. This year's product, owing to Its generally fine quality, should prove very desirable to European dealers, and It is hoped they will see their way clear to bid tiv^ures which will allow at least a fair remunuration to apiarists. List of Huney and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. CblesKO. Ilia. H. A. BtiKNETT & Co.. 163 South Water 8tr«et. New York, N. Y. HiLDBETH Bros. & seoklken. 120 & 122 W. Broadway. Kan«a« City, ITIo. 0. C. Clemoms A; Co., 423 Walnut St. Bufialo,N. ¥. BATTER80N & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chas. Dadant & Son. Plilladelptata, Fa. Wm. a. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cleveland, OUlo. A. B. WiLLi.AMS it Co., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Lonls, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St Iflliiueapoliii, ininii. S. H. Hall & Co. miltTaakee, Wis. A. V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. Blake. Scott in Lke., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, micb. M. H. HtTNT, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. ludiauapolis, Ind. W.iLTEaS. PjtjD.'.ic, 163 Miss ichusetts Ave A]banr,N> Y. Chas. McCulloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Obio. C. F. MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman * Cent ral Avs. Creamery Macliiiiery ^'sJle ~One Upright Boiler and Engine. Two Vats for Milk and Cream, capacity 300 gallons each. One .Mason Box Churn 200 gallons. One List Churn witli Bottles and Cases. One Power Butter- Worker. One DeLavel Belt ■Seoarator. One Howe Platform Scales, four beams. Milk and Cream Cans. One 1-pound Butter-Priut. Six 58-pound Butter-Cases. One Power Forcf Pump. Shafting. Pulleys, Belting. lot of Iron Pipe, Water-'tank, etc. All in ifood order. Will be sold at a sacrifice. Address or call on, _ j .^ " J. S. H.4KTZEI.I., Addison, Pa! Railroad Sta -Confluence. Pa. 2«A2t WMEr, AsSWERIMG TMlS ADVtRnseMEUT, MEKTIOf, THIS JOURHM^ Golden Beauties and 3-Banded Or IMPOKTED STOCK. Silver-Gray Carnlolans. Cntes ed, 50c ; Tested, 75c. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address. Judge E. y. TEKRAL & CO. 26Atf Cameho.n. Texas, wctuw.. :':_ •tnerieaaBeeJaurTiirj:^ Bee-lieep.-rs' PUoto;t'ra|>li. — We have now on hauil a limited uutuber of ex- cellent photograiihs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number ot pictures on one card. The likeness of 4*.' of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 121 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces" for their money. Seiid orders to the Bee Journal office. A Rook Hecoiuiuended by Dr. Giilliip. THE NEW METHOD In Health and J>isease. By W. E Forest, M. D.. 12th E.lition. Re- vised. Illiistruted, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisbt as a Home Physician, and as A Uiiuio lo Heallli. It makes the way from M'eakue<«s to >$lreii;;lli so plain that only those who are past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings <-sinnol Ix; Mi«.'k. It is now in many families the only counsellor in matters of health, saving the need of call- ing a physician and all expenses for medi- cines, as it teaches Hygiene and the use of Nature's remedies, not a drug' Ireatiiieul. All Clironio Uiseasesit are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the".V(«' J/--(/(u(V.<'' given here: even those who have been pronounced Cou- suiupHvo have been entirely cured. While for IShcuniatiMin. Indi^^es- lioii. I>.y->i>ep<9ia, <'oii»li|>aiion, l».vseiiljirj', I..iver :iiil<-!>. 4,'alarrli. I'^niacia- liun, <-l>ilily. ^erv" <>ii>> I'^vliaiislioii. I*i!><-a!of the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was -SS.oO, we sell this at SI. 00. postpaid. PRE.tlH .^I OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail ycu the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEORGF, "W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. UNG DISEASES. in years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- Ical tre.itment, address I Dr. Peiro, 100 St.Ke St.. Chicago. Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. If you arc in a rntih, send me your order. I sell the bent only, and fill orders promptly at LOWEST I'liicE. Beeswax wanted in Working Wax 'TATrn^ A Specialty. ^^r Write lor Catalog and Prlce-Ltst. with Samples ot Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Al<;l',«iDd our 189T Catalog, tor 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the C'atalo^r lor (lie Asbliis. We make almost Everyiliing used by Bee-Keepers, and at 1.01V08I Prices. OUR Falcon Polisht Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods, when you can have llie best— such as wre make. The American Bee - Keeper Lmonlbly. now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. Sample Free— Address. THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. DANZENBAKER HIVE AND HONEY won Highest Honors at the Fairs, and pays Premiums to purchasers of .tO hlTes, S.'JO for the best 100 Danz. sections '• 25 •• 25 •• 50 '■ 20 " 20 '• 40 • •' •• 10 •• 10 •• 20 .. 5 ., g .. JO Ei^ Further particulars regarding the pre- miums, also special catalog of the Danzen- baker Hive and System, furnisht on applica- tion. Address. Francis Danzenbaker, Medina, Ohio. Care The A. I. Koot Company. I AEISE TO SAY to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITTIiE has concladed to sell -BKE3 and QUEENS— tn their season, during 1897, at thefollowlnK prices : One Colonyof Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in light Bhipping-box $600 Five Colonies 25 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i oo 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 1000 1 tested Queen... iiso 5 " Queens. 3 5o 1 select tested queen 2 00 3 '* " Queens 4 00 Belecttesied queen, previous season's rearing . 4 00 Extra Selected for breeding, the vert best.. 5 00 About a Pound of BEES In a Two-frame Nucleua, with any Queen, 13.00 extra. IV Circular free, giving full particulars regard- ing the Bees and eacb class of Queens. Address 6. M. DOOLITTLE, llA26t BORODINO. Onon. Co.. N. Y ,„„ DESCRIPTION and XX) PRICE-LIST of the Fr ^}} Honey ■ Extractor on the marhet. Will save ite cost in Time and and Combs in one season. Address, Van Allen & WiHianis, Barnnni, Wis. hKH' WRw/ion the American Tier Jnuma-^ BIR MONEY IN POULTRY Ebbs Of 1 8t PRIZE WINNERS SI. 00 PER SETTING to the ffadi-rs (.1 tills v:i\>ex oulyif you order now, of «()li-adliin variftli'S. Seiiil 15c forthelfirHewt ann' of an inch, but oftener half an inch or more, but it seems to have little effect 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAto 419 on swarming. Possibly location may have something to do with it. I envy Mr. Paylor his immunity from swarming, but assure him that I have not brod up a strain of swarming bees by continued encouragement of natural swarming. McHenry Co. III. Foul Brood— Pickled Brood, or New Disease. BY E. S. LOVESV. While in some portions of Utah the season of 189() a few or more colonies of bees were affected with that dread disease known as foul brood, a far greater percentage of the bees in some portions of the State were troubled with a disease which in some respects was somewhat similar to foul brood, but it was by no means as dangerous. Where proper care was ob- served I have not heard of any bees dying with the disease. But in some instances the bees were more or less weakened, which may have more or less affected the chances of safely bringing them through the winter. This disease first made its appearance here last spring (189()) ; at least that was the i3rst time I saw or heard of it. Many theories have been advanced as to the origin or cause of this disease. Many are of the opinion that one of the princi- pal causes was the extreme wet, cold, backward spring that prevailed through the central part of the State last year, cansing more or less loss by spring dwindling, and this in turn caused chilled brood, and many of our bee-keepers think this was one of the causes of this new bee-disease. Be that as It may, I find that after it once starts it often spreads very rapidly from one colony to another, and from one locality to another, without any apparent cause. It made its appear- ance early in the spring in some localities, and along in mid- summer it would suddenly make its appearance ten or more miles distant in localities which had hitherto been free from the disease ; and as we found it in scores of strong and hither- to healthy colonies, which were never troubled with chilled brood, is proof that there must be other causes. It seems plausible that it floats in the atmosphere like malaria and other diseases ; and while we see its effects, who can describe to us the cause ? In my experience with the disease the past season, I noticed that it ebbed and flowed. Sometimes when the bees were vigorous they would become comparatively free from the disease, and in some instances when strong colonies swarmed, the old queen in her new home when she again began to lay, the bees would be free from the disease ; and afterward, if they were attackt with the disease, if the bees built up vigor- ously, they would not be visibly affected ; but when the bees failed to build up sufficiently, the disease would sometimes use them up. This disease is certainly contagious, and it spreads faster even than foul brood. While in some respects It is somewhat similar to foul brood, and some of our bee-keepers at first sight think it is foul brood, but it does not have that offensive smell, and It never assumes that stringy or coffee-colored appearance peculiar to foul brood. It is strictly a disease of the brood — the larvae dies in the cell, usually after they are nearly full-grown, then the dead larvie gradually shrivels and dries up ; and when about the size of a common house-fly the bees pick them out of the hive. Another difference between this disease and foul brood, the diseased larvx can with care be drawn out of the cells whole at any stage of the disease, which, of course, we all know cannot be done with foul brood. Question. — Is this disease, as I have described It, the dis- ease known as pickled brood ? If so, why is it called " pickled brood ?" The disease like foul brood can be cured by transferring the bees into a clean hive on foundation. After many experi- ments I have discovered that a simple sprinkling of dry salt Is one of the very best remedies for this and other bee-dis- eases. In the treatment of this disease, especially, I obtained some very gratifying results the past season with this salt remedy. Sprinkle fine, dry salt over the combs, bees and brood, and If the first dressing does not cure them, repeat it about every two weeks, until they are all right. Sometimes one dressing is sufficient. There is no need for alarm that the salt will injure the bees — it will freshen them up, and tend to keep them clean. Scatter from one to two handfuls over a colony at each dressing. I have also found this salt remedy of material benefit for holding In check, and in preventing, the spread of foul brood. It will also assist in preventing much of the ravages of bee- enemies, which I may write up later. While all beekeepers are aware that foul brood is more fatal, and much more to be dreaded, than this new disease, still it does not fly around and spread to the extent that this disease does. Foul brood, like diphtheria and other diseases, is only introduced by contact with the disease, but this new disease, like typhoid and other diseases, when or where it is prevalent it floats in space, and is liable to drop and com- mence its destructive operations at any time without (to us) any explainable cause. Utah Co., Utah. ^ '« lutelllgeuce in Bees " — A Criticism. BY I. W. BECKWITH. At first when I read the article with the above heading which appeared In the March number of the Progressive Bee- Keeper, I was inclined to doubt that an intelligent, logical man like G. M. Doolittle could be the author ; but as he does not deny the authorship, I am compelled to admit that he wrote It. The article is composed entirely of seven positive assertions, each of which needs proof. He says : "Bees have the same habits that they had at their creation, as permanent and unvarying as the attraction of gravitation, or any law of nature." In that statement Mr. Doolittle denies the whole doctrine of evolution which scientists, with scarcely an exception, have endorst. When a man denies a theory which has been ac- cepted by the learned men of the world generally, and then uses that denial to prove a point in controversy, he should give some reason for believing that he is right and all the world beside wrong. There are a few points on which I wish to say a few words. He says : " Bees are incapable of education ; they learn nothing;" but I find that whenever I move my bees to a new location they have to icarn " where they are at ;" and wild bee-hunters find that the bees learn where the bait is. I once put a very long, conical bee-escape over a hole in my honey- house, and after the bees had escaped through it for a consid- erable time they learned to return through It. I closed the escape for a few days, and on opening it again I found that they remembered as well as learned. Cases al-aost innumer- able might be given to show that bees learn and remember. The fact that they cannot " learn tricks like dogs and horses " does not prove that they can learn nothing. Mr. Doolittle says : "If bees possest the intelligence of the higher order of animals they would become a curse instead of a blessing." The more intelligence dogs and horses possess the more serviceable they are, and he does not know but the same may be true of bees. The subject of reason and instinct seems to have created a considerable interest of late in the minds of the reading public, and a writer in a late number of Natural Science at- tempts to show, and not entirely in vain, I think, that very many of the actions of the lower animals which have generally 420 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 8, been attributed to instinct, are the results of education and memory. There seems to be a popular belief among a certain class that mankind acts only by reason, and the lower animals only by Instinct, and aside from that class there are probably no two persons who would draw the line between reason and In- stinct through exactly the same point. My own opinion is that mankind possesses the greatest amount of intelligence of any being on this muudanesphere.and yet he acts, to acertain extent, through the agency of instinct; and from man we may pass down through the whole line of animated beings and find a diminishing scale of Intelligence until we reach the lowest animal life where intelligence Is almost infinitesimal. I do not expect to know all this as I might a principle In mathematics, nor do I expect It to be accepted without proof simply because I have said it. I eat and drink because Na- ture (instinct), and not reason, Induces me to do so; and so does all animal creation. I wish to move from one place to another, and Nature causes the proper muscles to contract and relax so as to cause my feet to carry me whither I will ; and the same is true of all animals. Nature Instructs the new-born babe to draw Its first meal from Its mother, the same as It teaches all young animals. I avoid the hot stove because reason teaches me that It will burn ; and experience and reason teach most of the lower animals, at least the same lesson that I have learned. Weld Co., Colo. its. A Painful, Yet Profitable, Bee-Stiug. BV MKS. ELIZABETH GRINNELL. I am a housekeeper by profession and practice, also a writer of stories and articles, hence I am desirous of getting all there is in life which can contribute to either of these con- ditions. I have therefore possest a couple of colonies of bees for a year or two, and a part of every day has been devoted to my being entertained by them. They are near my screen porch, among roses and sweet peas and orange blossoms, where I can hear them should they speak, and where I can see them while I work. I have never taken any honey from them as yet, but there are prospects. I know bees, and love them, being the daughter of a bee-keeoer who kept them, and managed them on the old-fashioned scale, back In Maine, a good part of a century ago. I also have a neighbor who loves bees. This Is Dr. Chas. H. Carter, recently of Chicago, who, on account of the attrac- tions of the climate. Is living on our street. Dr. Carter and I have had many a delightful hour talking about bees and com- paring blank notes. Well, May S we were looking at my hives, making per- sonal remarks about the bees, and guessing the amount of honey we should get, when an Italian crawled under my veil and kist me on the upper lip. I at once felt such nervous sensations that I could scarcely remain to help my friend re- place the frames. I had been stung many ti.mes, and only laught at the effect. This time I did not laugh. In ten min- utes I was swollen from head to foot, and perfectly scarlet. At first the skin was dotted with points scarcely elevated, then there were welts two Inches long, white when rubbed, and stinglngly sensitive. The lip Itself was not painful, nor did It swell so very much. I walkt about until warned by the most violent of heart-beats that I must He down. Then com- menced a chattering of teeth, and a trembling of limbs, and a throbbing of the ears, and such a general commotion of body as to bo extremely Interesting to myself and the attending physicians — my husband, Dr. Grlnnell, as well as Dr. Carter, remaining with me and attending me for the remainder of the siege. After a couple of days the rash, which had departed, re- turned less violently than at first, and I grew gradually bet- ter, tho feverish and suffering all the effects of general blood- poisoning. Such cases as this are to be found In the books, but they are rare, and so this account of mine may be inter- esting— not so interesting, however, as the following sequel : I happen to carry a life and accident policy In a certain company well known In this section. When I told my attend- ing physicians that I should request an indemnity, they smiled. However, they good-naturedly aided me, and I re- ceived a check from the company for the amount of Indemnity requested. This for a bee-sting. The reason my physicians smiled was because they knew it would be a test case, and that such an accident as a bee-sting was not in the usual category of casualties. Now, the moral to my*tale Is this : On going Into the bee- business, procure an accident policy. When examining bees have competent witnesses present, and, if possible, a physician in good standing. Apply for your Indemnity when stung. If the accident be at all serious. What came to me in conse- quence of that Italian honey-bee's kiss would double my stock of colonies. Of course, if the physician happens to be a family friend, his services will cost you nothing, as mine did, and you have the indemnity money free of all Incumbrances. Los Angeles Co., Calif. P. S. — I am of the opinion that It takes a real live Italian bee to insure good any claim on the accident companies. Blacks are of no account in that line according to my experi- ence. Their stings don't take hold like those of the Italians, and one has to make out a good case to get the Indemnity. E. G. Popular Honey-Packages and Organization. BY .1. H. MARTIN. In discussing the small-package subject I wish to first re- fer to the improvements In the production of comb honey. The most of us can remember when comb honey was taken from the hives in 12-pound boxes, and the consumer was then glad to get It in that shape. The next improvement was a 3 and 5 pound box with tin covers, and glass on all four sides. This was a popular package In some markets, and was an im- provement over the 12-pound box. Next came the Harbison 2-pound section, and Mr. Harbison had the honor of shipping the first carload of honey put up In that shape to the Eastern markets. When these nice sections were placed upon the Eastern markets there was a great demand for our honey. (Jrocers In every town of any considerable size advertised California honey, and in those days California bee-keeping paid as it never has since. About, or soon after, the introduction of the Harbison section, tho honey-extractor was invented and liquid honey was put extensively upon the market. Mr. Harbison did not Introduce extractors Into his apiaries. He urged that the Introduction of so much liquid honey in the markets of the world at such low prices as It was then sold at wholesale would degrade the price of comb honey. When liquid honey was sold at wholesale even at 7 or 8 cents, he claimed that comb honey would drop from its high standard of 20 to 2.5 cents to approximate somewhere near the lower product. Mr. Harbi- son was using his patented hive; it was not adapted to tho use of the extractor, and bee-men, or those directly interested in the use of extractors, accused Mr. Harbison of selfish motives In his opposition to the use of the extractors. But time and the logic of facts Indicate all good Ideas, and Mr. Harbison was right. If the honey-extractor had never been Invented, the bee-keeping Interests would have been better off to-day. In expressing this opinion In relation to the extractor I am viewing present conditions, but not forecasting the future. my', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 421 I am aware that the argument is abroad that while comb honey is always a luxury, used only by the few, that the low price of extracted honey enables the poor man to indulge in a sweet that he would otherwise be deprived of ; but how much pure extracted honey does the poor laboring man get when the product is put up by packing houses in our cities? Right here let me mal£e a statement that maybe surprising, but nevertheless true, viz.: that our wonderful honey-extractor has been of more benefit to the manufacturers of glucose than to bee-keepers. In the absence of the extractor there would have been no glucosed honey. There would not have been such a great amount produced, while the price would have been held within the lines of supply and demand, and prices would have been better. However, we have the extractor and millions of pounds of extracted honey, and what are we going to do about it? Now the only way I see out of the trouble is through legislation, in the improvement of our packages, and in the organization of exchanges— for only through organization can anything be accomplisht. In the matter of improvement of honey-packages, if we trace the comb-honey business a little further we find the next improvement was the introduction of the ]-pound section. Now a great many claim that bees will store more honey in a li-pound section than in a 1-pouud, tho the statement seems to be largely a matter of opinion. We do know, however, that it will not pay to use a smaller section, hence it may be said that we have arrived at perfection in comb-honey pack- ages. If we now turn to our extracted product we find that we have no uniform or special package in which to place our honey. I regard the Muth jar as coming the nearest to it. but even that is used to a limited extent, while upon our mar- kets the fruit-jars are largely used. The great bulk of our honey is sold in 6U-pound cans, to be repackt as already stated, or to be used for manufacturing purposes. I claim that we shall need for the successful sale of our extracted honey just as uniform and popular a package as the 1-pound section is for comb honey, and that all of our best grade should so be put up. The producer can hardly be trusted to put his honey up in a uniform shape; it should therefore be done at some central point by an association of bee-keepers. The benefits to be derived from such a uniform putting up of honey would be that we would open up an entirely new mar- ket, and at the same time avoid the conflict with the local or commission dealers, as we inevitably do when selling in bulk. An important point in selling honey is fixing the selling price in the Eastern markets, and notably in Chicago. If the commission-men were all reliable, the bee-keepers would have no cause of complaint, but when irresponsible parties are per- mitted to handle big amounts of honey demoralization of prices will ensue. I think that we can safely say that the commission business, as largely conducted in Los Angeles and elsewhere, has its " peculiarities," and that is not the worst feature of it — we producers are in a measure responsible, be- cause of the support we give it. F'inally, can we through organization overcome these many evils ? I think we can — in fact, I know we can ; but there is a big " if " in the problem. If bee-keepers will hold together in an organization for the furtherance of their own interests ; and i/ they do, a few years will see a vast improve- ment in the honey industry, and better prices. The only remedy is organization and marketing our produce in uniform and popular packages. — Rural Californian. Los Angeles Co., Calif. ^ Report of the North American Convention Held at St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 10-12, 1894. REPORTED BY LOUI.S R. LIGHTON. Every Present Subscritoer of the Bee Journal should be an agent for it, and get all others possible to sub- scribe for it. See offers on page 417. [Continued from patfe 407.1 The report of the Auditing Committee was read and ac- cepted. QDEEN-REARING. The paper, "The Most Economic Way to Breed Queens Consistent with Prolificness and Longevity," by Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Georgia, was read by Dr. Miller. [This paper is still in Mr. Benton's hands. — Ed.] Mr. Holtermann — I will confess that I have gone to a great many conventions, and hoped to hear a thorough paper on queen-rearing, and altho valuable points may have been opened up I have failed to hear a thorough paper on queen- rearing, and I hope that in the no distant future we shall hear a thorough paper on this subject, one that will go into the details as to how todo these things. I must confess I would like information in that direction. There is a little point that came to ray attention this season. Of course I don't know everything that is written about bee-keeping, and I think sometimes I have just read a thing that I have not read be- fore. Perhaps I have. I think there is,a fixt time given after making the colony queenless to give it the larvae. I have made up my mind that that is a mistake, and that when the bees get that " queenless hum," that is the time to give them the larva; for queen-rearing, no matter whether it is in two hours or three days. That is a new point to me. Dr. Miller — I do sincerely hope that Mr. Holtermann's wish will never be granted, that we will have a full and com- plete paper before this convention in regard to queen-rearing. But if he knows any one in this country, or any other country, that he thinks will do it better than any one else, I should be glad to have him get the paper and then publish it in the bee- periodicals, and then if there is anything left for discussion it can be discust in print ; but don't let it rest until we have it here for discussion. I think it is a mistake to make a colony queenless, and then in just so mauy hours give a queen to them. Sometimes a colony will notice at a very early stage that it is queenless, and I do not think the right way is to fix the hour, but when the colony commences to build queen-cells, that is the proper time, and the flxt time. Mr. Holtermann — I don't think we will ever have the exhaustive paper on queen-rearing before this convention. If we did, we would all go home and rear queens ourselves, and then where would the queen-rearers be ? Dr. Miller — As to the point Mr. Holtermann makes there Is something in it. After a good deal of experience in queen- rearing — and, by the way, I don't believe it is correct that the queen-rearers want to keep their secrets to themselves — I am inclined to the opinion that I am safe in not paying any atten- tion whatever to the time when bees are ready for their larvae ; and yet I don't quite agree with the views exprest by Mr. Holtermann. If a colony is made queenless, and they have brood in all stages, I have found it an almost universal rule that in about 12 days from that time they would have a queen batcht out, showing-that they select a young enough larva. Dr. Miller — I move you, Mr. President, that the National 422 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 8, Bee-Keepers' Union be askt to make a report on the doings of the organization. Carried. [This Report was publisht in 1894-.— Ed] The convention then adjourned until 2 o'clock p.m. THIRD DAY — Afternoon Session. A 2 p.m. the convention was called to order by Pres. Abbott, and upon motion the Question-Box was again taken up. AN ADVANTAGE OF CONVENTIONS. Dr. Miller — I want to make an observation which may apply to some here. It is a common thing to find out some valuable points at a convention that we could not get else- where. Here is a man out on a farm who does not say very much about bees, and does not write anything about them be- cause he thinks he cannot write a very elaborate article, and so he keeps quiet. He might know something that I do not know, but want to find out about. This is a kind of a one- sided affair for you to get all of the good things and keep your mouth shut about what you know, and not give the good things to others. Pres. Abbott — Mr. Dadant said that he had gotten enough information on one point at this convention to pay his ex- penses here. Mr. Dadant — That is in regard to the sugar-cake for win- tering bees. Pres. Abbott — I use the least amount of water that will melt up the granulated sugar. I melt it thoroughly until it is dissolved, boiling it very carefully until it will stay in a hard cake like maple sugar. You can tell when it gets that way by dropping it in water. The cake will weigh about seven, eight or nine pounds, and I put a couple of sticks under it to keep it off of the frames and make a bee-space under it. There is one thing you want to do, and that is stir the sugar while it is melting to make it granulate so that it will hold moisture, and the bees can work on it better. Mr. H. G. Barbel, of the State University at Lincoln, Nebr., assistant of Prof. Bruner, was introduced to the con- vention by Mr. Benton. Mr. Barber — I am sorry that I cannot say very much that will be of benefit to you. Mr. Bruner is the entomologist, and I his assistant, having charge of his bee-work. We have had a very poor year. We started out in February, purchasing five colonies, but have not brancht out very much this year. We lost one colony through accident. I came here to learn what I could, and have been very much pleased to have this opportunity to listen. Dr. Miller sang the " Land of the Leal " and a negro spiritual sone, after which the convention closed its Quarter Centennial meeting by all singing, " Blest Be the Tie that Binds." Louis R. Lighton, Reporter. Xhe Horse— How to Break and Handle.— This is a pamphlet of 82 pages, giving couiplete instructions for breaking and educating colts, teaching horses to drive, and for use under the saddle, together with many instructions which have never before been publisht, and which are the re- sult of the author's experience covering a period of 20 years. By Prof. Wm. Mullen, with whom the editor of the Bee Jour- nal is personally accjuainted. Price, postpaid, 20 cents ; or given as a premium for sending us one new subscriber to the Bee Journal for the rest of the year at 50 cents. A Nc'w Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and Is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed direcllDus accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Kinder you can afford to get it yearly. CONDUCTED BY DH. C. C. MII.hER. MAREnGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to tbe Bee Journal, or to Ur. Miller direct.! A Clipt Virgin Qiiceii. A friend of ours'clipt the wing of a virgin queen that issued with an after-swarm or second swarm. What will the result be ? Kansas. Answer. — The probability is that he will have a drone- laying queen. Possibly she may never lay. But it may hap- pen that the queen was fertilized at the time the bees swarmed, in which case the queen will be all right. As you put the question, however, a virgin queen, there can be only one result — the ruin of the colony. A Case of Laying Workers. Three weeks ago I hived a small swarm of bees (about a quart measure full), but could find no queen. Now they have sealed brood in drone-cells, and in some of the unsealed cells which I examined with a strong glass shows as high as 15 eggs in one cell, and that is what I cannot understand. They have no queen yet, but two cells started. Novice. Answer. — Sorry to say you have a case of laying-workers. The best and cheapest thing is to break up the whole business at once, giving the combs and bees to other colonies, or unit- ing the colony with some weak colony that has a normal lay- ing queen. M I m Bruod-Combs Filled with Pollen. I notice some of my brood-combs have cells full of pollen. Is there any way to get it out so that the queen can use them ? Kansas. Answer. — The queen cannot put eggs in cells that con- tain either pollen or honey, and the remedy is the same in both cases. Just let them alone and the bees will empty out both when the right time comes. Beginners too often under- value pollen. Bees cannot get along without it, and it's worth as much to them as honey. A strong colony ought to have on hand enough pollen to fill pretty well one comb. Better let them manage the pollen business. If it's any comfort to you to see the pollen emptied out of the cells, just take a comb filled with pollen from one side of the hive where you find it in a strong colony, put it in the middle of the brood-nest and look some days later to see how much pollen is loft. But it's a great deal better to leave it at the sideof the hive where the bees placed it. I*erha|>s Bec.Paraljsig. I have one M-frame nucleus that I ordered from the West June 1. I notice every warm day that some of the young bees walk out of the hive before they can Uy. Some of them act as if they wanted to lly, and some of them tremble a little. I seldom have seen one of them return to the hive. They will be very quiet for awhile, and then they get restless and run and hop about. I have never read or heard of bees acting that way, so I concluded 1 would ask if you could tell what is the matter with them, and if there Is any way to stop it. West Virginia. Answer. — As you describe it, the case sounds just a little like paralysis. If tliat is the case it may not be very destruc- tive, altho farther south It becomes very bad. As yet there layi THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 423 seems to be no sure cure. Remedy after remedy has been annouuced as a sure cure, but upon next trial the remedy failed. The latest given is one in Gleanings, and may be worth trying. It is to throw some strange bees into the hive, the theory being that In an afTected colony the bees don't lil protect its members ; to prevent the adulteration of honey; and to prosecute the dishonest honey-cominisaion men. Membership Fee-$1.00 Per Annum. Exeouttve Coznmiffeo, President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Wditcome. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Iloarcl of Directors, E. R. Root. E. Whitcome. E. T. Abbott. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller. C. P. Dadant. Gcjieral JlXanag-er and Treasurer, ' Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. Next Annual meeting at Buffalo, N. ¥., Aug. 34-26, 1897. yoLinVII. CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 8, 1891. No. 27, Editorial Con)n)cr)i^^ Xlie Micbi^an Experiment Apiary, which has been so successfully conducted at Lapeer, by the Hon. R. L. Taylor, for several years, has recently been removed to the State Agricultural College grounds, near Lansing, the capital. The June Review had this notice concerning it : The bees belonging to the State have been moved back to the College, and put in charge of a young man by the name of Jno. M. Rankin, from St. Clare county. The idna is to cen- tralize, to have all of the branches possible at the College. The Director of the Station is an.\ious to build up an apiary of which they can be proud, as they are of their stock in other lines. Mr. Rankin is well-informed, and a practical man, and I think that he will eventually build up an apiary that will bean honor to the State. Steps are being tak<;n to Investigate bee-paralysis, and as there is a most competent bacteriologist at the College, it is to be hoped that something reliable and practical may be done. The Buffalo Convention Progfrani is now issued, and will be mailed free to all the present members of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union. Those who are not members can get a copy of II by sending 5 cents to the Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio. We believe this Is the first program of a bee-convention that has been sold— ^heretofore they have always been dis- tributed free, but only during the sessions of the convention. But when it Is known that the Buffalo program Is a l would like to get some of the tirst numbers of this year, to complete ihei.- volume for 1897. We shall be glad to furnish them as long as they last, at two cents each. .^ . »- !^" See " Bee-Keeper's Guide" offer on page -128. 426 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 8. BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID EV Geore:e W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Bees and Honey, or Manaffement of an Apiary tor Pleasnre and FrolJt, by Thoiuas G. Newman. — This edttlon has been lar;.'ely rewritten, thoroiitihly revised, and Is *• fully up with the times " In all the Improvemt'nts and Inventions In this rapldly-devel- oplDf^ pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everything that can aid In the successful manatre- ment of an apiary, and at the same time produce the must honey lu an atiraetlve condition. It con- tains 2.)0 pat-'es, and 245 Illustrations— Is beautifully printed in the highest etyie of the art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered. Price, $1.00. LangBtroth on the Honey-Bee* revised by Dadaut— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everythlnt; relatlnK to bees and hee-keep- fng. No apiarian library Is comjilete without this Standard work by Rev. L. Ij. Jjangstmtli — tiie Father of American Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages; bound tn cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.2."). Bee-K.e;pers» Oiilde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide In beekeeping, but Is interesting and thoroughly practical and scientific. ItcontJilns a full delineation of theanatomv and physiology of bees. 4ii0 pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, pobtpaid, $1.2.5. Scientific 4)iieen-Kcarlnff, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Doollttle.— A method by which the very best of (-,uieen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's wav. ITii pages, bound In Cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Ciilture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopjedla of 4(I0 pages, describing everything pertiilMiiig to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains SUJengravlni-'s. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of tills work Is too well known to neud further description of his book. Ue Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. i!U pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-^eeplnor* by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German bookoa bee-culture. It has a50 pages: bound In paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newrian. - This Is a German translation of theprlnclpr' por- tion of the book called Bkks op Honey. 10^ page pamphlet. Price. 40 cents. Convention Hand-Book. for Bee-Keepcrs. Thomas G. Newman.— it contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tliirty Years Amoii": the Beoi^, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest workof tbekind. Nearly lou pages. Price. oDc. ^X\\y Eat Honey ''—This Leaflet i? intend- ed for FURE distribution, to create a Local Market. 100 copies, by mail. :jn cts.: 500 lor$i.2.3; lutxt. $l'.oo. How to K<*ei> Honey and preserve its richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat Uoney. Alsike Clover JLoaHet.- Full directions for growing. 5U for 2.^ cts. ; loo for 40 cIb.; 200. 7uc. Apiary lte. DooUttle's Sclentlttu Queen-Hearing. 1.75 fi. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 '.\. Bleueii-Kultur LGerinan] l.-JO 11. national Bee-Keeping [Paper toundl 1.75 !•;. Thirty Years Among the Bees I..'i0 i:i. Bee-Keeplngfor I'roHt 1.15 14. Convention llai^il Book 1,16 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 la. Turkeys for Market and ProBl 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 IS. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 19. (Jreen's Four Books 1.15 -1. (iarden and Orchard 1.15 •?,A. llural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator, No. 1 1.25 26. Corame-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 30. Potato Culture 1.20 32. Hand-Book of Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1,20 35. Silo and Silage.. 1,10 30. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies).. . 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 A Special Booklet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a xiieeial offer on booklets on Bees, Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 <-eiil» we will mall any « of the list below: and lor $1.25 we will mall the whole dozen ; 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 23c 2. Poultry for Market and Protlt 25c 3. Turke.\s for Market and ProUt.. . .25c 4. Our Ponltry Doctor 30c 5. Capons and Cammiz ng 30c H. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25o 7 Kendall's Horse-Book 25c 8. Rural Life 25c 9. Ropp's Commercial Calculator 25c 10. Foul Brood, by Kohnke 25c 11. Silo and silage, iiy Prof Cook 25c 12. Blenen-Kultur. by Newman 40c GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS 10 s^bSt discount 1 have a Large guantlty of Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipping- C.-vSEs at 10 per cent, aiscount fiom list price. Cases holding 15 sections, $5.00 per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for Price-List. IV. J. STAHJI.VNIV, -Weaver, Ifllnn. Mention the American Bee. JrumaL 25A8t Ulllfll'^ HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'llllll IS Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Trices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies iu general, etc etc Send ti)r our new catalog. PracUeal Hiiii»» " will be mailed for lOe. iu stampfi. Apply to— Chas. F. Muth & Son. Cincinnati, Ohio. " (jiieeiis Given Away." f Gray Cariilolaiis anfl Golflen Italians,? We will give a tine Tested Oueen (either race) to alt customers ordering (1 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested t,)u*en to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers in August. tirade and Prices April July of Bees and Queens j^ne aepT. Untested Queen $ .75 t .65 Tested •■ 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Best Imported ■■ 5 00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two ■• ■• ■• 1.50 1 00 Full Colony of Bees " (In new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4,00 We KMaraiilee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to pivo entire satisfaction. I>e«crli>live Prii-e-LilHt Free. F. A. Loekliart &: Co , "-ake^^george. l.'JDtf Please mention the I'.oo Jouriml. For II knifit tliat will cm a horn without S I'liishiug. because it cuts frniii four 2 —- - - siilen at once jjet^— a THE KEYSTONEI —DEHORNER— "I It is liuniaiio. rui'i'i nii at Worlu's w F.MR Pescriptivp circulars :FR.ii:E. ^ A. <\ IIIJOSH'S, frtrliranvill.'. T:!. 0 Hee-Kcepcr's (luide— see page WL 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 427 Questiojp'Box. In tlie multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. DiKlancc Bees Go for Forage, from Clioiee. ftnery 55.— Suppose pasturage is unlim- ited in all dlreciions. about what distance will bees KG for loraRe ? In other words, how far will bees go from choice?— Wis. H. D. Cutting— I don't know. A. V. Brown — From 1 to 2 miles. G. M. Doolittle— From 1 to 6 miles. J. M. Hambauph— I really don't know. Rev. M. Mahio— From 1 to 2 miles, I think. Mr.-i. L. Harrison— I should think about 2 miles. Eugene Secor — Not more than half a mile. (This is theory.) Dr. C. C. Miller— I don't know. May be half a mile to a mile. Prof. A. J. Cook— I think they will go very liitle distance, unless required to do so. E. France— Very few go over I mile ; if pasturage is scarce they will go 6 miles. Dr. .1. P. H. Brown— They will go 3 and 4 miles, but 2 miles are as far as they usually go. W. (}. Larrabee — I never saw such a state of affairs, but it I had I don't think I would be able to answer the question. J. A. Green — At a guess, I should say that not many would go over a mile if they could find an abundance nearer home. G. W. Demaree — Not further than one mile by natural inclination, but they will follow up bee-pasture for several miles, sometimes. Chas. Dadant & Son— Not to exceed IJ^ miles. They prefer a level trip, and will go farther where the land Is un- broken and even. Jas. A. Stone Bees will go no farther than they are compelled to. 1 think they only go to a distance because they tind the nearer territory overworkt. Dr. A. H. Mason — I don't know " how far bees will go from choice," but I know they will go 3 miles, profitably ; but where '"pasturage is unlimited" their " choice" might be to stay near home. Emerson T. Abbott — I do not know. They generally go " from choice " let the distance be long or short. If you do not believe it, you just try once to make them go where they do not choose to go. P. H. Elwood— I don't know, but I do not believe they fly a distance simply for the sake of exercise. With abundant nectar of suitable consistency I believe they would mostly alight within }A mile from the hive. R L. Taylor — It depends upon the lay of the land, and whether the bloom opens successively so as to lead the bees on. Ordinarily they go only far enough to And good pasturage — i. e , flowers not much visited by other bees. J. E. Pond — This is a somewhat diffi- cult question to answer, but from my own observation and reading, I should judge, under the circumstances stated, that bees will go less than one mile. I Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furuNh White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7 }•< I'cnts per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, f)>ij cents. The Cash MUST accom- pany each order. Fine Basswood B'lavor Honey at same price; also in 27U-lb. barrels. E^~ A sample of either honey will be mailed to an Intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. flEORfiE W. YIHIK & CO., 118 Midiisiiii Street. CHlCAfift, ILL Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lU'iiber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Larjjest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. I?or Sections, the clearest and -whitest Basswood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please meutiou th-'i Ame icau Bee .Tourn-^l. 7Atf BEE-KEEPEES SUPPLIES We make The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free lllH»lrale(l Catalos "«"• Pricc-I.i»t. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agnit for the Southwest"^- ^- ^^^""11 ^^..^^,, mo. »lr. At>holl !»clls our Hive* and !>>eolioii>i al Taolory Prices. That Queen-Clipping Device Free Couldn't Du Witbout It. I have clipped 19 queens, and must say Ibe Monette QueeuCllpiiin? Device Is by lar the best ioveution ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepHrs as it wad tome. \ could not do witiiout one now. Du. Geo. Lacke, Newburtfh. Ind. Works Like a Charm. The Monetie Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. With it 1 bave clipped 30 queens, all in one day. when examining my bees. VVm. Stoi. lev. Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us ;''«/ (""' '<«» '"""f for the American Bee Journal a year (with .?t.0O), and we will mail you the Queen-ClippinK Derii'e free of charge. Or. the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 428 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 8 Vital I Water ! Has never tailed to cure Blood and Skin Dis- eases. The effect of Vita.1 Wiiter upon dis- eases of the Kidney and Livrr Is magical and permanent,. Send lor FKEE pampblct. Forest Mefliciiial Springs Co., Lock Box No. 1 L.IBEKX%'VILL.K, ILL. sS^tntion the Amertcmi Bee Journal We have a few of these Emerson stiff cloth- board binders for the American Bee Journal They make a splendid permanent binding, and bold a. lull year's numbers. The old price was 75 CIS., postpaid, but we will mall you one for only GO vin ^ or wiib the Bee Journal for one yeiir— both together for $1,50. 5|f THE ADEL BEES AHEAD ,«♦». «»> mm 3olh SOfti .'■io a;:!.00 $-..T5 1.00 2:25 4.00 1.K() 3.75 7.00 1.00 2.2.T 4.00 .90 2.00 H.oO Send for Cataloir and see proof tbat Adel bees heat them all. One Qneen $1 .00; two Queens $1 90: threi' Queens $;.7.5: six Queens $j.oO; 12 Queens $10. All lieautiful, 3 banaed bees, UKNKV AI..IjEV, Weiihuni, lUaiiM. 25A4t Mentwn the American Bee Jininial, Honey - Clovers ! We have miule arraniremenis po that we can lurnisb seed of several ot the Clovers by fre'jrhtor expr^6S. at ihe I'oUowlng prices, cash with order: oftp Alsike Clover.. 70 Sweet Clover (white). .BO White Clover !I0 AlfalfaClover tiO Crimson Clover .55 Pj'ices subject to m.arket fhansre^. Add 2.5 rents t Ing el! hi-r tlirceor five band Itiilhi-ri (Querns, p-luiply write lor my pamphlet. If you n*edsomeoi thet'PBtnow. send 75 ct«. lor one, $4.u0 for tix, or $7.50 per do/,.— Htid full ItiHtruftlous lor IntroducluK. as well as the licst methods known for securing good cells will be -ent free. Money Order olliee— Wurrenton. :21Al3t CJheek. Wurren Co . N. C Our '97 Cataloff — OF— A|)iai-i;iii Supplies, Itccs, Etc. Is yours for the askni^r It Is lull 111 liilorniainin. C*'" Write for It. I. .1. !»TKIi\GIIAItl, 105 Park I'lacc. NKW YOKK, N. Y. ApiAitv— Glen Cove, L, 1. nneriUUri, 'Jie Amcncun Bee JowtmM. have known them to go over 8 miles, but in this case there was nothing for them nearer. It is said they will go as far as 6 miles or more, but of this I have no actual knowledge, C. H. Dibbern — If pasturage was very abundant it is not likely that many bees would go over a mile or so. They would probably increase the distance as forage became scarcer. From choice they would not go over hulf a mile — from necessity 'A miles or more. Qcrjcral Iten^s* Alsike a Great Honey-Plant. Bees here are doing well at present. I had a field of Alsike clover this season, and I think it is the best honey-plant I ever saw. Bees just swarmed on it. Sweet clover has .just commenced to bloom, and I am anxious to see the bees go after it. We also have white clover in abundance. M. V. Toombs. Harrison Co., Mo,, June 26. Half a Crop Expected. The weather has been against us, but we have had abundant rains of late, and now the white clover will last well into July, giving us at least a half crop of white clover honey, I now have ob col- onies from 19 in the spring. The quality of the houey so far is as fine as I ever saw. W. J. CULLINAN. Adams Co., III., June 28. Prospects Not Bright, The prospects for a good honey crop are not very bright at present. Up to a month ago they were never better, but then it turned warm and dry — sometimes y6- in the shade the first part of June, but the last week it has been raining more or less, and the bees are bringing in honey now, but it comes very slowly. We are right in the middle of the clover honey harvest now. Hans Christensen. Skagit Co., Wash., June 25. Iowa Getting Back Again, I am happy to say that Iowa is getting back to good old times in the honey and bee business. I do not believe we ever before saw such a crop of white clover as we are having this year. It does seem good to again see our pastures and roadsides covered with this bestof-all plant for good honey. And I tell you onr busy bees are making good time when the sun shines. Colonies bred up well during the early spring — in fact, almost all were in first-class condition in early spring, for the fall of 1H9(-) was good for breeding and fall storage, in preparinir my own for wiiiti^r the last of October, I found a number that yet had a quantity of capt brood, which showed that we had a line lot of young bees to take care of things In the early spring of 1897. I see from my strong colonies they made it count, altho we had a cold, backward, late spring. This Is good evidence that good, late fall breeding is a grand thing for the cniiiing year. I think all should see to it that we have plenty of breeding in our colonies during the last half of August aud the most of Idei and Queens ! On 2, 3 and 4 frames, at 40 rents per frame, without Queen, Queens 40 cents each; good tesied Queens, 75 uents each. Address, 27A2t Artbiir Stanley, Dixon, III. Mention tlie .American Bee Jo\>,'''i\c;. A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eifss perfectly tlirou(rh warm weaihe"-. just as frood as fr sli ones for cookln^faiid frostlnff. Une man paid 10 cents a iloiien for the ev/as he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can preserve them lor about 1 eciit i>er dozen. Now is the time to do It. while ejfg-s are cheap. Address for Circular giving: further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. ITI.ISON, 3512 Monroe Street, - Toi>edo. Ohio. !oBg'g°. 'o« ST 2.2 ' H tat; f» OB ™. — 0:2,52 B O ^ ^ P -■ !* 3 J5 o 2 ti B.' i^'O^ rcTD . o c » i C-3 - tB r» ;r c f^ f3 ., 5 -^-"^ KC-p ; :b tt -a ^ ^=^ cE re R - CD fU ? ^2t ■d r. C O ; erg ' D Q.CC fD 1 * V ►:- -? ■^ "^ i '^ c r+- C- '^ >r+ffi n c E6 -I < D '^ 20D-3 I ^ pOc •-1 a, o O cr"" — o C D--oo,^crr>5^ * 3 D D" -a C ■ □ c cri "^ c* ^o r^ <*., o o c- ■^* D « ° (C ?; fls — «-C 'q .1 = * ■ , ° <* K z^ ,ccr 5 2. "eg' > c > r O m ^> '^ < B ft •ic s n :; n ^ =* f^ tl C ' 1° C05 c o W o CD w 0 CD m Q pi CD FROM THE (|neeii Specialist ! I will send you. Iiy rclurii iiiail, a nice QUEKN Irom a SwaruiuiK Cell, bred from de- sirable:) banded stock I hat wintered perfectly on summer siands. Only a limited number of the al)ov,:descrilH'd Queens on Baud. Price, •7.) cents each. Adiiies.s, J. F. Wood, North Dana, Mass. ■Meiition Vie American Bc« Jourrta-. CARLOADS _._^*^, "I llt'c- Hives. Sections. Shtp- aim Kverytlilii^ used iu the Het'-I iidueM'y. I «^aiii Ihe name ami addroBB ^ (iT every liee- Keeper In Aiut*r- i ■ li-ii. 1 supply Utritlers as well as (.oiiBiiruers. tiend tor cata- logs, quotulionn. eic. \V. II. Pirns AIM, UivEK Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. ifiy) THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 429 yi?i! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Y'ello^v^ Beeswax delivered to our oQice till further notice, we will pay '1\ cents per pound, CASU ; or 27 cents for whatever part Is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. Jf you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St. , CHICAGO, ILL. One Cent Invested In a postal card will tfet my larg-e CHta- log of All tioot's Goods. Send lisl of what you want, and pet prife. IVI. H. HliNT, Bell Braiioli, xYllcli. IVHEN Answeriko this aovehtisement. Menth 1 TH'M JOURPtM- DCC l^CCDCDC T Let me send you mj- 64- DLL'NULr CnO I paire Catalog lor 18:^7. J. ill. Jenkins, Wetunipka, Ala. OUDF:rs filled by return mail for the choicest, Untested Italian Queeus at 60c pat'h. Can furnish i , 2 and 3 fr. Nuclei. A. I. KooT Co.'s Supplies, f-end for :SG-p:Lire Catalog-. Juo. Nebel A: Son, Higli Hill, Iflo. Mtniion the American Bee Journal- 4 Atf No Expensd l-Gi- Th«'sshing. There 13 a si mpu^ litilu machiiie on the market, rrbich cm Im had for ^1.— . with farm rit:ht to nse it. Thi.s tool was named "flail. ' but if it is cal.ed "hur- ricane. ■ ibo work will he easier". The farmer's tlmp is uotflinir. and after thresbinc is finished, ho can buy a little ■"pncket whirlicifj" and t.i;i]tl lecce Of course the pi-oirre^nlve farmer wi', not trv to compete with sr am, cither in thrc^ui^;,' or leoce buiidiiij: He us.s tno PAGE. PAGE WOVEN WIRS FcKCri CO.. Adrian, IVIich. MenZiva 'y'.-s Arnerican Bee Jsujr:^ial. ^ ^ * Galiforni If you care to know of its Fruits, Flowers CLlmate or Kesourees, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekl}'. handsomely Illustrated 00 per anDum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FEANCISCO. OAL. yKn'ion r*if iincricun liee JoumcA^ Bee -Hives, Sections, Shipping- C^'ases— everything used by bee- ) keepers. Orders filled promptly. JSend for catalog MIWESdT.l BKE- KEEFERS- SUPPLT JIFfi. C(l., Nicollet Island, Minneapolis, Mtnn. 23 Alt Chas. Mosdeno, Mgr. RE.iDERS or tills Jonrnal nbo write to any of oiii advertisers, eltber ir ordering, or asking about the Good* jfffered, will please state tbat tbey saw September, and If October is Included, so much the better. I have seen the good and bad effects of breeding, as above stated, at different times. Sometimes for want of honey In the fields, and sometimes because of too much, and the brood-chamber was crowded with honey to the exclusion of brood, honey being stored In the brood- comb as hat.^ht out. The extractor is then a pood thing. .T. W. Sanders. Marshall Co., Iowa, July 1. Interested in Bee-Eeeping:. I am keeping bees In a small way, having now 20 colonies from a start of "2 a few years ago ; and as I am in the fruit business I expect the bees to be useful to me. I used to be afraid of them, and get Into trouble when I went near them, but I am learning better, and can get along with them better now. I have no ambition to become a bee- man, but I may just as well start right on account of my two sons, who may finally take up ray work. One graduated from the University of Illinois, and may become interested in them. The other son also was there two winters, but yet they take an interest in farm work and fruit. L. N. Beal. Jefferson Co., 111., June 25. Bees Doing Well. My bees are doing well. I had 8 strong colonies In the spring, and now I have 22 — lU swarms in May and 4 in June. I had a swarm May 1 1 at 10:80 a.m., which I put into a 10-frame hive with a super of 24 sections on top. May IT I took the super off, full of the nicest white clover honey that any one ever saw ; and June 4 I had one of the larg- est swarms I ever saw from that same hive. This beat anything that has hap- pened to me since I first commenced, some 14 years ago. Geo. C. Elli.s. Warwick Co., Va., June 30. Working Nicely in Supers. It has been very cold and rainy here, but it has turned off warm and white clover Is just coming in. The blossoms are larger than usual. Raspberry and blackberry are just coming also, and bees are working nicely in the supers and swarming slowly ; but when a swarm does come out it Is a whopper — as large as the outside of a 10-frame hive ; but they get in some way. I had one come out and hang In a cluster all night, and we had a thunder shower during the night, but they staid there waiting for me in the morning. It happened to be my birthday, so I had a birthday present — so my wife calls it. C. G. ASCHA. Berkshire Co., Mass., June 23. Utah's Pioneer Jubilee — JtUy 20-25. This is Utah's jubilee year, and the dream of the pioneer has been fully re- alized. The great American Desert, where 50 years ago the red man roamed with the buffalo, the bear, deer, and the wolf, now teems with civilization, with beautiful towns and cities — where 50 years ago scarcely anything grew but wild sage, salt grass, and grease wood. But the desert has been made to blossom as the rose, and instead of the cricket and the grasshopper, which sometimes For Sale, BEES and (jUEEKS Queens, 50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen, 12.00; Two frames, $1.50; One frame, $1.00. Full Colonics, $4.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOJi, 16A13 SWARTS. Greene Co., Pa. SEE THAT WINK ! Ilee - SuppHcs ! Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Poader's Honey • Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers Prompt, ser- vice, low freight r^tte. Cat. tree. Walter S Pouder, 16"i Mans. Ave.. IndianapoijIS. Indiana. •'Wn"^"P0VDt6'5flp* ^" IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aploultural Field more completely than any other published, send 81.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook. Claremont, Calif., for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Mention the jlmeD/iiin fief, JoninwM PATENT WIRED COMB FODSDATIOH Han No Sag in Brood-Frames Thiu Flat-Kiittum Foundation Bas Ko FisbbODe Id Ibe Sarplos Uouey . BelnK the oleanesi Is asaally worlced the galckeet of any Foundation made J. A. VAN DEUSON, Sole Manafaotarer, apront Brook MoDteomery Co.. N. 7. If Von K.ee|> but One K«>inH(ly '"''"'liXuidbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT ANY PRICE. ^j/V'JP''' "IZonet Cathartics '^ "o^ addfd to each . > ox. 100 in a Box, *1.00— 17 in a Box. 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15Atf Please mention the Bee Juurual. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^^^i^:^^^''''* Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Ripping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring. Rabbeting, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery .Sold on Trial. Oatalofrue Free. SENK'^A FALLS MFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. Y. lAly .. the Atncrimn BeeJonm(i\ Return I'lall. Italian Queens "' Untested. oOc; Tested. $1.00. Nuclei. "J frame. $2.00, including a good Queen Bees by the Pound. E. L.. CARRIiNKlUK, ■J2Att ne Kiiiiiak S|>rlii::M, Fla. Foundation —Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. if you are in a riixli, send me your order. I sell llie best only, arid All orders promptly at LOWEST I'liu E. Beesivax tvauted in exrban^e. Workiiijj Wax [Tn^C^f^ A Specialty. t3&~ Write for Cataloff and Prlce-Llst. with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AL'GUSTA, W^I^. 430 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. ■July 8. devoured nearly everything, there is an abundance of the good things of the earth. This was oue of the few spots where there was no honey-bees until they were imported 1,0U0 miles over- land by those hardy pioneers. Utah will grandly celebrate her pio- neer year. It is said that President McKinley and many others will be here. We send you greeting — a pressing invi- tation to come and see us, and we wish to extend this invitation to bee-keepers from any part of the world. We will try to make it pleasant and agreeable for all that may favor us with their presence. There will be an extra session of the bee-keepers on July 23, in Salt Lake City. While in some parts there was considerable winter loss, as a rule the yield of honey is excellent at present, and the bees are in good condition. E. S. LovESV. J. B. Fagg. Salt Lake Co., Utah, June 26. Too Much Rain in June. Bees are doing well at present, but it has been so rainy through most of June that they have done very little until now. F. L. Murray. Lafayette Co., Wis., June 30. Honey Finest Ever Seen. Judging from present indications this will be a splendid honey season in this section. I have taken off quite a lot of honey, and it is all of the finest quality ever seen. Geo. Bischoff. Des Moines Co., Iowa, June 30. Backward Season. My hives are brimful of bees, and in splendid condition. But on account of so much cold, rainy weather this spring, they have not been able to store any surplus honey yet- If we don't have some dry weather soon, I fear that our " name is Dennis " for this season. C S. French. Todd Co., Minn., June 29. LIFETIME is often (iinir^'li lo d. :) Rush St., IVoria. 111. • ^••••••••••e •••••• •••••••••• DijiME \ College \ Pknn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, \a.- dies Literiiry. Sbortlmlul and TypewrlllnR. BlScient and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Seud lor Catulug. Prof. LKWIS KDWIN YOKK, Prcn. BE COmiED, AMI GET YOUR MOIV'S WORTH We offer the New Cliainpioii Doiib- led-Walled < liafi:* Hive, made ot the Best White Pine Lumber, from now until Jan. 1, 1898, CompU'te and Painted, with Dovetail Body and Two Supers for Comb Honey or Extracting; 8, 9 or 10 frame hive, with Thick Top. Selt-Spicmg Hoff- man frames. IncludlnK- 2 or 4 folded Tin- Rabbets, Tin Cover and Double Bottom — all for only $1.50. The saoie in the Flat for 98 cents: and if outside Summer and Winter Case is wanted only, complete and painted, to fit any Doveiall or Simplicity 8. 9 or 10 Jrame hive, for 93 cents; and the same In the Fiat for 73 cents. Inside measurement of Case 25x20 inches, and 21 Inches high. The above Hive has all the latest improvements. We solicit your orders. We also make The Neatest No-Drip Shipping-Case Send for L.o\vc!»t Figures. We deliver all broods f. o. h. cars or boat lauding at Sheboygan, Wis. Address, R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Box 187, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. The Great People's Atlas of the World. MORE THAN 100,000 COPIES SOLD ANNUALLY. Up-to-Date, Accurate. Beautifully Illustrated. Nearly TO Comprehensive Maps, many of them double-page. 140 New and Superb Illustrations. A whole Library in itself, of vital and ab- sorbing interest to every member of the household. Population of each State and Territory, of all Counties of the United States, and of American Cities of over ,5,000 inhabitants, by latest Census. The handfomely enirraved maps of all the States and Territories In the Union are larjre, full-page, with a number of double.pa>ie maps to represent the most important of the Sta PS. All countries on the faceot the earth are shown. Riv- ers and Jakes are accurately loca- ted. M\ of the large cities of the world. Ihe important towns and most of the villages of the United Slates are given on these maps: alfio every cuiinty iu each ISlate. Over 200 Magnificent Illustra- tloDS and Maps embellish nearly every pngeof the Atlas and falth- fuUj depict scenes In almost every part oil the world. This Atlas contains a prodigious amount of Historical. Physical, Po- litical. Educational and Statistical matter, so comprehensively ar- ranged and indext that informa- tion on any subject can be found In a moment's time. Description of the World. Itcontiiins a General Description of the World, giving Its Physical Features. Form. Density, Tempera- ture, Motion. Winds and Currents: Distribution of Land and Water: Kacps of People, their Kcllglons andNbHnbeis: also the mo^t com- plete Litt of Nations ever publlsht, givingtheir v_4eographical Location, Area, Population, Forms of Gov- ernment, etc. The Popular and Electoral Votes for President in 1884, 18SS and 1892, by States. List of All the Presidents. Agricultural Productions. Mineral Products. Homestead Laws and Civil Service Rules. Statistics of Immigration, 1820 to 1891. Public Debt for the Past 100 Years. Gold and Sliver Statistics. Number and Value of I<\irin Animals. Cultivable Area as Compared with Increase of Popu- lation. Postal Information, with Domestic and Foreign Rates, and Other Informa- tion that should bo In every Home, Store, Ollice and Schoolroom. We will mail this great Atlas, postpaid, for only .50 cts.; or for $1.40 we will send it with the Bee -.Toiirnal for one year ; or wo will mail it free as a premium for sending U8 one ?iew SulJSCriber ($1.00) to the Bee Journal Miniature Cut of A tlfts. Actual Sizn. Open, 14 by 22 Inches ; Closed, 14 by 11 InclipH Our Liberal Offers : for a year. GEOBOE W. YORK & CO,, 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 189: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 431 HONEY andBEESWAX Chicagro, 111., June 14.— Fancy white. 12® l.'Jc; No. I wiiitf. lU'fillc ; tHDcy amuer, i>@ 10c. ; No I auitier. TQSc. ; f;in y d^rk. Sc; No. 1 dirk. fji^T. Extracted, while, 5^7c.; amber. ^@.Jc; dark, iij^a-l''. Beeswax. 'JS®-". Not any new comb hooey iu market. Ex- tracted very slow ol sale. Philadelphia, Pa., June 14.— Fancy white. lyfifiUc; Nn. 1 wiiiie. l*J(^l.'ic.: fancy amber, ll(812c: No. 1 amiicr. 10@llc.; fancy dark, 8(SSic ; No. 1 dark. TQSc. Extracted, white, 5®fic : amber 4@5c.: dark,4c. Beeswax. 2.^c. New bone.v has commenced to arrive. Very little call at present. To-day is very dull. Prospects are for very low prices. Big>rest honey croi> in 10 years. Milwaukee, Wis., Jane 14,— Fancy white, l:i(ai 4c-; No. 1 white. 11® 1 2.!.; fancy amber, loailc; No. 1 aml>er. 8(ai0c. : fancy dark, .s@9c. Kxtracted, white, 5@6c.; amber, 4@5c, Beeswax, 27@'J8c, The stuck of honey Is »orklnp do^vn to a small supply: etipecially for anything fancv. It Is encouraKiug- to apiarists to find that the more carefully and nicely hone.v Is prepared, and the better the quality sent to 'his mar- ket, the more readily it will sell, and good re- turns folio*. And new chok-e qua Ity comb will sell, while the common is ver.v hard to move at anv price. We think the old stock will all be disposed of belore any new crop is read.v for market. Buffalo, N, Y , June 14,— Fancy white, 10 ©lie: No, 1 woite. Si9c : fancy amber, 7@ 8c: No. 1 am tier. 6@7c fancy dark, 6ift7c.; No. 1 d»rk. 5@0c. Extracted white. :i'S>aVia.\ amber. 4H@''C. Beeswax, 20@"2.tc. No demand now, and we can't move any kind without pushingr and cutting, but we can sell at some prices. Kansas City, Mo., June 14 —No. 1 white, 12@13c : fancv amber, ll@12c.; No. 1 am- ber. lOOl Ic; lancy dark.9@10c.: No. 1 dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white, 5@.t!4c.: amber, 4® 4Wc.: dark, 4c, Beeswax, 2,o@:i0c. Very little old comb honey in market. Ni new in yei, Tuere is considerable extracted on band. Boston, Mass,, June 14,— Fancy white, 13c.; No, 1 white. ll@12c. Extracted, white, 7c : amber. 5®(>c, The demand lor honey is light, but that is to be expected at this time of the year. Sup- ply is also light. Cleveland. Ohio, June 14.— Fancy white. 12'/i-13c. ; No. 1 white, lie: lancy amber, 8- 9c.: fancy dark. 7c. Hone.v is moving very slow. We believe, however, as soon as the new crop comes in it will move much better. Detroit, Mich., June 14.— Fancy white, 10 @12c.; No. I white, lOQJllc: fancv amber. 8 @9c.: No. 1 amber. 7@Sc. Extracted, white, 5@6c, ; amber. 4@5c. Beeswax, 25-26c. Cincinnati, Ohio, June 22.— Comb, 8-l,3c. Extracted, :IS4-Kc. Beeswa.x— demand fair at 22-2.5C for good to ch-dce yellow. Demand lor comb honey is slow. Consider- able of the new crop of extracted has been arriving the last two or three weeks and finds a pretty ready sale. New York, N. Y,, Jure 14,— Comb honey is all cleaned up now. and there is no more demand for any ; could sell some nice white comb at from 10@llc.. but would not advise shipping of anymore buckwheat. New crop extracted is arriving quite freely from the South, and finds fairly good sale at from ,50® 52c. per gallon for average common grade, and ,")5®G0c. per gallon for ttelter grades. Expect to have new crop California here within the next two weeks or sooner. Beeswax steady at 26@27c. Minneapolis, Minn,, June 14, — Fancy white. 12®14c.: No. 1 white. Il@l2c.: fancy amber. 10@llc ; No. 1 amber, 9@10c: fancy dark.8@Uc.: No. 1 dark, 7iS8c. Extracted, white, 6@7c.: amber. 5@6c. ; dark, 4@,jc. Beeswax. 24®27c. Demand for extracted honey is nominal, hut at fair prices. Comb very slow on ac- count of warm weather. Ban Prancisco, Calif., June 9.— White comb, 9-10c»; amber..j-7c. Extracted, white, *Ji-5!4C.; light amber, 4-4XC.: amber, 34c.; dark tule, 25ic, Beeswax fair to choice, 25- 27c. New-crop honey has been coming forward quite freely, mostly extracted, with demand slow at full current figures, and mainly for local use. Some intpjlry is being made en foreign account, but shippers' Ideasof values, so far as exprest this season, are at a low range, and under any prices whit-h have yet been acceptable to producers. This jear's product, owing to its generally fine quality, shuultl pn've" very de^i^allle to European dealers, and it Is hoped thev will see their way clear to bid figures which will allow at least a fair remuneration to apiarists. List uf iioiiey and Beesiwax DeaiurN. Moat of whom Quote in this Journal Cblva,(<>, Ills, H. A. BnRNKTT & Co.. 1*53 South Waier Str. et. New York, N. V. HlLDRETH BBOe. & SkoKLKKN. 120 & 122 W. Broadway. KanHan Illy, iTlu. 0. C. Clbmoms & Co., 423 Walnut Hi KiiaMiu, IS. V. BaTTEBSON & CO., 167 Al 169 Scott Si. Hamlllon, llln. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblludelpbia, Fa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Viue St, Cleveiaad, Obio. A. B, Williams & Co , 80 & 82 Broadway, St. liunlH, Mo. Westcott Com, Co., 213 Market St niinneapoUa, niinn. S. H, Hall & Co. inUtvankee, Wis. A, V. Bishop 4 Co. BoHton, mass. Blake, Scott & Lee . 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, IQIcb. M, H, Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walters. Pjaoaa. LdJ .Missichusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCulloch & Co., 380 Broadway, Cincinnati, Obio. C. F, MUTH & SON, cor. Freeman & Oenl ral Avs, Creamery Machinery ^^^^e One Upright Boiler and Engine. Two Vats for .Milk and Cream, capacity 300 gallons each. One Mason Box Churn 200 gallons. One List Churn with Bottles and Cases. One Power Butter-Worker. One DeLavel Belt Separator, One Howe Platform Scales, four beams. .Milk and Cream Cans. One 1-pound Butter-Print. Six 58-pound Butter-Cases. One Power Force Pump. Shafting, Pulleys, Belting, lot of Iron Pipe, Water-'Tank, etc. All in irood order. \Vill be sold at a sacrifice. Address or call on. J. S. HAItrZELI., Addison, Pa. Railroad Sta — Conki.uence, Pa. 2l)A2t AHEN AKSwentuG THIS AOVtRTlSEUENT, MENTION TMIB JOU«(,*t„ <(ii«ent>> antl ni<- l>i!i«ea«e!ii are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been belpt by some of the " .\'"<' -I/i^rAof/.s " given here; even those who have been pronounced Con- Miiiiipllve have been entirely cured. While for Kli«-itniali^>ni. liKlIa'es- lion, l>.v»|>op!>ia, l'ouKli|>alioii, lk.V!>eiil:ir,v. I.,iver :iiiel>ilily, >erv- oiiN KxliaiiMlion, l>l!>ea>«eN Pe- 4-iiliar l«» Women, etc.. the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Unaranlee. So confident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try "New Methods" thoroughly, if the book is re- turned in good condition. Xiic ;>ien' Kdition is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht, and others made ex- pressly tor this work ; contains .SOO pages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though the price)of the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was :S2.50, we sell this at ,?1.00, postpaid. PRE.nit.YI OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail ycu the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEOROr 'W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. UNG DISEASES. .^o years* experience. If your case is sufficiently serious to require expert medi- |cal treatment, address Or. Peiro, 100 State St., Chicago. Texas Glueens ! By return mall. Best honey-gatherin? strain in America. L'ntested. T.ic. Select Warran- ted. $1.00. J. D. UIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. 9.\26t Mtntion the American Bet Journal llee-l*ee|>er.«>' Piiotograpli. — We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 121 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces" for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal office. 432 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 8, 1897. wa w^ am mm — a Copy of — LDlL Suvcmfiil Kee-Keepins;, r n r I by W. Z HutchluBuu ; ^ I I K !■ !■ and our 1807 Catalo);. lor 2- cent stump, or a cnpy of the Catalog for ilie Atkins. We make almost Kver} tiling used liy Bee-Keeper», and at LiutvoKl ITltes. Our Falcon Polisiit Sections are wMrrauted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply iind roughly made Goods. when you can have Ilie bent— until a» we make. The American Bee -Keeper [monthly, now ia its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. t-AMPLE FHEE — ADDKESS. THEW.T.FALCOiMMKG.OO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Golden Beauties and 3-Banded Or IMPORTED STOCK. ^IlversGray Carniola.ns. Dntes ed, 50c.; Tested, 75c. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address. Judge E. Y. TERRAL & CO. 26Atf Camehon. Texas. I AEISE rvo SAY to the readers 1 of the BEE JOURNAL thai DOOl^lTTLE has concluded to hsII — BEKS and QUEENS— In their eeason, Uurlnii 1897, at thefollowlDB prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frameH, In liKhtshippiny-box $600 Five Colonies 25 tw Ten Colonies.. .. 45 00 1 untested queen. 1 (mi 6 " queena 5 5(> 12 " " 10 00 1 teBte'i Queen... {1 so 3 " QueenB , 350 1 select tested queen 2 < 0 3 " " Oueen54()0 Belect tested queen, previous season's rearing 4 nn Rxtra Selected for breeding, the vkht best, son About a Pound of BKKS in a Two-frame Nueleua. with any Queen, $2.00 extra. $W Circular tree, sivintr full particulars resar^'- tnK the Bees and each clasa of Queens. Address 6. M, DOOLITTLE, llA25t BORODINO. Onon To N Y BIfi MONEY IN POULTmf Eggs of 1st PRIZEWINNERS $1.00 PER SETTING to the rr-adors of tliis paper only it you order now.of 30 leading varieties. Send 1.5c ^ forthe Iiir^'bi^t an.l most cnim.lHte Poultry N(;ui.le evfr JOHN BAUSCHER. Jr. >,i»i.ublishea. Uox W, Freeport, Ills. lOAl'Jt Mr.nllon the American Bee Journal i Traction. Porl.ibi^hri'lSMmi-Port- nble. Simple nMu ('iMupoiind, Also Thrf'sherfl.IIorso Powor.i.H uw Mills NGINE Si'ndforilliisf.ratffl ciitaloffue frpe OurHarofqnal tinill— SnrpHssGd by nonH. "Its IL way wii liavo." M. Rumely Co. Laporte.lnd. Please Send TJs the Xames of your neighbors who keep boes, and we will send them sample copies of the Bek JouKNAL. Then please call upon them aai get them to subscribe with yon, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 'S Dadant's Foundation f^^ Why Does It Sell So Well ? Because it has always given better satisfaction than any other. Because IN 20 YEARS there have not been any complaints, but thousand of compliments. We Guarantee Satisfaction. What more can anybody do ? Beauty, Purity, Firmness, No Sagging, No Loss. Patent 'Weecl Process of Sbeeting'. Sentl IVaiiie for Our Catalogs, !^aiui>Ie!« of I'oiiiKlalion and Veil material. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. Bee-Keepers' Supplies of All Kinds. I„.Mff©S'rR@T-H QM TTH® H©ff®Y=BBE^, Revised!. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Haacock Co., ILL. m lowiO'^e ^leMowioMi T^ — -r L Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Siiow-Wliilc. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6.75 No. 1 CrcHin. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Pricc-Liiiit of Scclioiiiii, Foundations, Veils, §iuokcr§, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 6A35t THE ROOT NO-DRIP SHIPPING CASES. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly-made Cases — such as will let the honey drip through them? Commission men have told us that honey put up in our Cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient. The Porter Bee-Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the world. Cleans supers of bees without smokinf?, brushing, shaking, or uncapping the honey. The Root-Cowan Extractors. Have been and are the standard the world over. Packages for Extracted Honey. We are head-quarters for everything in this line. The New Weed Drawn Foundation. This is a success. Don't take the statement of any oue else, but send for sam- ples and try it yourself. I'ieces 4 inches square, running about 11 feet per lb., are now being sent out. Prifes — :i pieces, 4x4, lUc. ; by mail, Vic. 10 pieces, 25c. ; mail, 30c. 34 pieces, .50c. ; mail. tiUc. And if we can catch up on orders for the small lots, we will furnish it in half-pound packages at 7.5c. with other goods, or 90c. postpaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. bK/A-NCh: offices : ll§ Ifllcliisan St., Chicago, III. Syracuse, N. V. 1021 miss. Str., St. I'aul, fflinn. mccliunic Fulls, Maine. 10 Vine SI., Pliiladclplila, I*a. ^j&fERICA.]^ /'ii/»/i«/»( \l*e«r/i/v *■*( /IS A/jc/j'i;- /( *^i re. r SIJJO II Yfni — Samj:>la Copv i*ree. 37tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 15, 1897. No. 28. Six Months Mily 40 Cents ! NOW FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. Get Your Bee-Keeping Friends and Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send at least one ne«; subscriber for the Bee Journal before Aug. 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only 40 cents for the rest of this year. That is 6 months, or only about 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new iO-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of o)ie of the following; list : Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 20c. 50 copies of leaflet on "Why Kat Honey?" 20c. 30 " " on "How to Keep Honey " 20c. 50 " " on " Alsike Clover" 20c. 1 copy each " Preparfttion of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and Uoollttle's " Hive I Use " loc.) 15c. 1 copy each Dadants' "Handling Bees" (8c.) and " Bee- Pasturage a Necessity " (lOc.) 18p. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood" 25c. Kohnke's" Foul Brocd" book 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book dOc.) and Dadante' " Hand- ling-Bees" [8c ] 18c. Dr. Foote's Hand-Bookof Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for .Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and Caponizlng 23c. Turkeys for Market and Profit 23c. Green's Four Books on Frult-Growing 25c. Kopp Ckjmmerclal Calculator No. 1 25c. Silo and Silage, by Pro t. Cook 25c. Blenen-Kultur [German] 40c. Kendall's Horse-Book [English or German] S3c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 23c. 1 " Sweet " ■■ 25c. m ■• Aleike " ' 25c. 1^4 " Alfalfa " ■ 25c. 1^4 " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; in other words, no one sending in his own 40 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. G-EORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. Large Honey-Yields — Swarming, Etc. BY PROF. A. .1. COOK. The following has been forwarded to me by the editor, for reply : Mr. Editor: — I am very much interested in Prof. Cook's report of J. F. Mclntyre's immense crops, as given on page 291, and write to ask if I am correct in understanding that Mr. Mclntyre keeps his 600 colonies in a single apiary. It so, his yields from a single apiary are enormous — the average being well toward (iO,000 pounds, and at least 180,000 pounds, or 90 tons in one of his best years. Has a single apiary ever beaten that record '? Another question : Prof. Cook says when a swarm issues the brood is taken away " and thus the colony is in good condition to go into the surplus chamber as soon as the honey season opens." Is it the common thing in California for bees to swarm before the honey season opens'? T. Buskirk. In response to the questions by Mr. T. Buskirk, I will say that Mr. Mclntyre does keep his 6 Uu.nev. Price, 10 centa. Tbe Hive 1 I'se, by G. M. Doolittle. It details his manajrementof bees, and methodB of producing comb honey. Price. 5 cents. Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price. 25 cts. Dictionary of Aplcnitnre* by Prof. John Phln. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 5(X) apl- ullural terms. Price. 5U cts. Winter Problem in Bee-Keepinjr. by G, R. pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. ;io clB, Handllna: Beeet* by Chas, Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price- 8 cts. Hlntory of Bee-Assoclatlous. and Brief Re* ortB of the Orat 20 Lonventions, Price I5ct« Poui Brood 'I'reutment* by Prof. F. R. ' Cheshire.— Us Cimsi' iirul Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price 10 cts. Prai'llcal HIiiIm to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by ("HAS. K. Mi-Trii. Also contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Keeplns: lor Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.- Revised iiml enlarged. It details the au- thor's "new system, "r how to get the largest yields of comb or extruoieil honey." HO p.; illustrated. 25c. FnicrKon Binders, made especially for tlie BKK JoiiKNAi., :ire convenient for preserving each number as tiiHt :ts received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. ".'V cts. Consnierclal <'aU-nlator, by C. Kopp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-BiM»k cnnibineii in one. Every farmer and b»iHinesH man shuiilii li.'iveit. No. 1, bound in water prnoi leal lie re tte. r:ilt tlnish. Price, 4o cts. No. 2 in rtne artidciiil Icjither, with pocket, silicate slate, and uccount-book. I'rice. 60 cts. OreenV Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. — IJevoted to, 1st. Huw We Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd, Peach Culture: :trd. How to Propagate Fruit- Plimts. Vines juul 'I'rees; 4th, General h'rult In- structor. Nearly i^Dpiiyes. Fully illustrated. 2.'* cts. Oarden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions In Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation, Cokl Storage, Etc. y4 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Hor«e-Book. — 35 pictures. showing positions ol sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and $lla«;e, by Prof. A J. Coolv.— It gives the method in operation at tbe Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 2o cts. Lumber and Log-Book. — Gives meas* urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25e. ITIaple Sng;ar and tbe Siigrar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price. 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 eta. Capons and Caponlzlng, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ano thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. fi4 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry Ibr Market and Poultry for Profit, by Kanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. M pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor Market and Turiieys for rotlt. by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. Protlt, 64 pages. Price. 25 cts. Rural Ltlfe.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits. Vege- tables, and Uousehold Matters. 100 pages. 25 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them protitably. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-KeeperH^ Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in (Jueen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Bead Carefully.) The following clubbing prices Include the American Uef Journal one year with each book named. Kfiiiember, that only one book can be taken In t-aoh case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the inices named. If more books are wanted ste postpaid prices given with the description (if the hooks on this page. FoUowlngls iheclubbing-Ust: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee J2.00 3. A B C of Bee Culture ^.. 2.00 a. Bee-Keeper'sdulde 1.75 4. Beesand Homy ICloth bound] 1.65 5 Doollttle's Scientific Queen-Kearlng. 1.75 6. Dr. Howard'b Fuul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced liec-Culture 1.30 n. Blcnon-Kultur [German] 1.20 11. Katlonal Bcc-KeeplngLPapertoundl 1.75 12. Thirty Vears .Among the Bees l.'SO 1.'5. Bee-Keeping lor Profit 1.15 14. Convention llacdBook 1.15 15. Poultry fur Market and Profit 1. 10 16. Turkeys for -Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and (Hponizing 1.10 IS. Our Pouliry Doctor 1.10 19. Green's Four Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 2;t. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder forthe Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 3(i. Commo-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's llorso-Book 1.10 :!0. Polali) Culture 1.20 .•52. Hand-llijok of Health 1.10 a:t. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.H6 :i4. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1.20 as. silo and Silage 1.10 :i6. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng 1.30 37. Apiary Kcgister (for 50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Kcgister (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 3a. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 A Special Booklet Bargain ! For a liinllcd time we wish to make our readers a H|>ecial offer on booklets on Bees. Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 cents we win mall any tt of the list below: and lor $1,25 we will mall the nrliole dozen ' 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard '. 23o 2. Poultry lor Market and Profit — .... 25c 3. Turkeys for Market and Profit 25o 4. Our Poultry Doctor .'iOo 5. Capons and Caponiz ng 30o 6. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25o 7. Kendall's Horse. Book 25o 8. Rural Life 25o 9. Kopp's Commercial Calculator 25o 10. Foul Brood, hy Kohnke lOo 11. Silo and Silage, by Prof Cook 25o 12. Blenen-Kultur, by Newman 40o 10 SISr DISCOUNT 1 have a Liir^e Quantltj' of Wiater-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipping- Casks at 10 per cent, discount from list price. Cases bolding 15 sections, $5.00 per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for Prlce-List. W. J. SXAHinANN, Weaver, miim. Mtntian the American Bee JouttioL 25A8t IHlli1l\i HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'lllUI N Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc eto Send for our new catalog. Practical Hlutti " will be mailed for lOo. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas. T. Mnth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Honey - Clovers ! We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: oft lOft 259) 50ft AlslkeClover 70 $1.25 J3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 23 cents to your order, for cartage, it wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. mADB EASY TRANSFERRING If you ci>ntemplate buying either three or Ave band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. H you need some of the best now, send 75 cts. lor one, $-1.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full instructions for Introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be sent free. Money Order office— Warrenton. W. H. PKIOCEN, 21A13t Creek, Warren Co., N. C. Me»itt<"' sh^£ .".- Bee .•cumci Our '97 Cataloar —OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. Is yours for the asking. It is full ol Information. tS^ Write for It. I. J. STRIIWGIIAin, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK, N.Y, Apiauy— Glen Cove, L, I. K^nilo-i 'Jie American Bee Journal^ 444 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 15, Qei;)Gral Itetrjs^ Rolling in White Clover. I am very much pleased with the American Bee Journal, and think I will continue taking it as long as I keep bees, t' I began the past spring with 8 colonies and have increast to 23, and they are DOt through swarming yet. Bees are just rolling in the white clover honey. Cal. Cutkei.l. Tippecano Co., Ind., July 4. Honey Low in Price. I have 50 colonies of bees, having be- gun in the spring with 25. There is lots of white clover and a greatdeal of buck- wheat sown here this summer. I have sold about 20t) pounds of honey. I sell at the town. Honey is low this season — 3 pounds for 25 cents. I had a fine swarra come out on July 4. There are a great many bees kept throughout this county. Long live the United States Bee-Keep- ers' Union and the American Bee Jour- nal. Wm. Howell. Union Co., Iowa, July 4. Quite Discouraging' Outlook. I notice in Gleanings, the Editor, in speaking of the outlook for a honey crop, says that from the present prospects it looks as if there was going to be an enor- mous crop of honey from white clover. If this be correct then in this vicinity we are left out entirely, for mine and my neighbors' bees hardly make their living from day to day, with any amount of white and Alsike clover within from 5 to 1(30 rods of their homes, in full bloom for the past two weeks, with fairly good weather for the bees to work, and the hives so full of bees and brood that they boil over. But they are all idle most of the time. Some days I can hardly see a drop of honey in the combs. They are working on oak and willow leaves to help make their living. Linden buds are frozen. C. Theilmann. Wabasha Co., Minn., July 7. A 'Woman's Swarming- Experience. June 13. — Bees are getting lively. There were three new swarms yesterday, and two to-day. An old dipt queen led out a fine swarm today. I just caged the "old lady," then moved the hive to one side, put another on the stand, and very soon they were all back, as quiet as ever. Then I went into the shop after another hive, and began to clean it out, and be- .'ore I had it ready there was another swarm coming out. It settled on a grape-post, and it was a fine Job to get them off, but they had to yield. But the most fun was yesterday. Nos. 8 and 10 came out at the same time, and they, too, lit on a grape-vine post, so I took two hives and set them down, one on each side of the post, and went to work, and in a few minutes there was a line of bees going into each hive at the same time. But the funny part is still to come : I moved the two colonies back, and put the new ones on the old stands. (Oh, dear, there comes another swarm. Please excuse me for a short time.) Well I hived thein all right, and now Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7J^ cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6}^ cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass-wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. 1^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YdRK & CO., 118 Mieliigan Strwit. CHICAGO, ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of tlie L.arg'est Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and 'whitest BaSS'WOOd is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Pull Line of Supplies. Please mention The Americaa Bee-Tournal. • 7Atf BEE-KEEPEES SUPPLIES We make The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free llliii^tralcd Catalog; and l*rice-U!>it. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agent for the Southwest-^- ^- ^^^%^'joseph, mo. Mr. Abbott ^aWs our llivc§ and Sections at Factory Prices. That dueen-Clipping Device Free ! Couldn't Do Without It. I have clipped in queens, and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by I'ar the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as It was tome. 1 could not do without one now. I)H. Geo. Lacke, Newburfh, lod. WorkM Iiike a Charm. The Monette Queen-Clipping Device woiiKe LIKE A CHARM. With It I have clipped 30 quoons, all In one day. when examining my bees. Wm. Stoi.ley, Grand Island, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us just one ncii' name for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-ClippiuR Devioe free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 110 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer % You can't earn DO cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. isy'i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 415 l?i?i! Beeswax For all tho Oood, Pure Vello-w BeeS'^vax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 2-i cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books nr Seed, that we offer. If you want cash, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigran 8t. , CHICAGO. ILL. One Cent Invested in a postal card will net my large Cata- log of All Koot'6 Goods. Send list of what you want, and pet price. lU. H. HUNT, Bell Braiirli, irilt'li. WHEN ANSWEHINQ THIS AdvehtisEMENT. Mention .^m.., jouRn/. DCC I^CCDCDC ? Let me send you mv 64- D[.L"NLLr LnO ■ page Catalog lur 18^7. J. in. Jeukins, Wetniupka, 41a. %I.'',-T>ry tyn;'~ K> y il--'^fl. OKDEKS filled by return mail tor tiie choicest Untested Italian Queeus at fiOc each. Can furnish '. 'i and :i fr. Nuclei. A. I. KootCo.'s Supplies. Send tor ;iG-patre Cai alog. J no. Nebel dt Sou, Ili^Ii Hill, Mo, Alentitni the. Ameriran Bee Journal. 4Att A Fence Not Made By Hand. ThouvfiaKC farmtT can noi atlurti to indulee in hand inailo ttjnce, uor hand paintt-d pictures. Even If hedoi'S I bo work binibclf. a "botcb'aud u 'daub will likely bo Iho result, while tbe time cunMiiued. if properly applied in his regular liu^int-s wcuid provide means lor lieauiiful phntOLTaph.s engrav- ings, etc., aud lots ot tbe "old, reliable- " I'ate teuce- PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian. Mich 22Atf where was I ? Oh, yes. I was telling about those two swarms. Well, in set- ting the new swarms on the old stands I fiot them mixt, and set the No. 8 queen on the No. lO stand, and the working force of No. lU killed the No. S queen, so I hail to put No. 10 back on the old stand, and all I lost was an old black queen. If I have to take care of bees another year I shall clip all the queens, for it is just fun then to hive them, but I tell you it is all that I can do to move the old hives. I moved one to-day that I think would weigh 15U pounds. If nothing happens there will be a big crop of honey this year. The white clo- ver is just a sight. The pastures and lanes, and all along the roadside are white. June I t. — Well, I have had another bee-picnic since. Just as we were eating dinner one of the swarms I hived on Saturday came out. so I went to see where they were going to alight, but in- stead of alighting they went off to the wood, and I kept after them and followed them to their homein a big maple tree, about 40 feet from the ground. (Mk.s.) Mary Sutherland. Berrien Co., Mich. California If you care to know of Its Fruits. Flowers Climate or Kesources. send tor a Sample Copj ol California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. Vfiaio^i. '.In -i mcricaii. Uct Jov/nwAr liee- Hives, Sections. Sbipping- Cases— everything used by bee- keepers. Orders tilled nromprlv. ScnrI for catalog MIWESdTA REE- KF.EFEFtS' SlPPli ma. CO.. Nicollet Island. Mitmeapolls. Minn. Cu.4S. .MONDENG, Mgr. Iclei and Queens ! On 2, 3 and 4 frames, at 40 cents per fra'ine. without Queen. Queens40 cents each; good tesied Queens. 75 cents each. Address. 2TA'Jt Artbur Stanley, Dixon, III. MenXUyix. Vie A.mencan Bee JOfu/mc/,. Too Many Heavy Rams. Bees have been doing very well, but have lost at least one-half of the bass- wood bloom on account of too many heavy rains. S. A. Mat.son. Nodaway Co., Mo., July 6. White Clover Not Yielding. . There has been more white clover bloom in this part of the country than for many years, but the bees do not work on it very much. We expect a good flow from sweet clover, which is just coming into bloom. G. W. Stephenson. Cook Co., Ill,, July 5. Plenty of White Clover. Bees are doing well. There is plenty of white clover, and the prospects are good. E. B. HUFF.MAN. Winona Co., Minn., July 5. Crimson and Other Clovers. Last season I bought a small amount of crimson, Alsike, sweet, alfalfa, and white clover, to experiment with in this section of country, seeing they were all spoken highly of for honey and hay. I sowed the Alsike, alfalfa, white and part of the crimson about April 1, with oats. The spring was very dry, and it seemed none of it did any good. I saved part of the crimson and sweet clover, and sowed later. I sowed the crimson with buckwheat, Aug. 12, and got a fine stand of the crimson — about one acre — which I cut about two weeks ago, and got 9 wagon loads of hay to the acre ; but I let the clover get too ripe to make good hay, in order to get the seed, and now on tho same piece of ground the crimson clover is up again, covering the ground from the seed that dropt while cutting, which I run my harrow over as soon a." cut. I sowed a small lot (about 3-2 acre) in sweet clover, which bloomed about the same time tin- crimson was in bloom, and to my surprise I never saw a worker- bee on a blossom of sweet clover, but, on For Sale, BEES and (jUEEKS Queens, .50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen, $2.00; Two frames, »1..">0; One frame. SI. 00. Full Colunles, $4.00. Mrs. A. A. SI9IPS01V, 1GA13 SWAKTS, Greene Co.. Pa. "•-■r'j.'.,.' . ;.-,-- ^w-oT-.e-,'.'. ;*ee /3V.7VV51- SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Supplies ! KoOT's Goods at Itoot's Prices. Pooder'H Honey - Jam, and everi' thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. tree. Walter S. Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave., lNDI.\NAPOLIS. iNDfAN.'l. -W.!'" PoVBtRi^ui" 'VME!* ANSWERt.-.Q t MIB AOVEHTISEMEM , ME-iT.ON ^.Ti JCUS't'M e^ IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prol. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Calif.. forhlB Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Biscounts to the Trade. Mention the American Bee JoimvaL PATENT WIRED COMB FODUDATIOH Has No Sag in Brood-Frame* Tliin Flat-Bottom Foundation Oas Ko Fishbone in tbe Sorplns Booey. BelDK the cleanest le asuaily worhec tbe qnlckest of any Foandatlon made J. A. VAN DEUSEN. Sole Manafaoturer, Sprout Brook Monuomery Co.. N. 7. If You Kee|> but Oue Remedy '""""^It-Toumbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues ot a Medicine Chest. ■ The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT AINY PKICE. A supply of Zoaet Cathartics *« now iiilded to each . lox. 100 in a Box. *1.00— 17 In a Box, Soc. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15 Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION <=o^|;t,*^'°'' Can do the work of four men using band tools, in Kipping, Cuttlng-off, Mi- tring, Kabbetlng, Groov- ing. Gaining. Dadoing, Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff, etc. Full Llneot Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trial. Catalo£;ue Free. SG^E<^A FALLS IflFG. CO., 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. T. lAly ■lenx.Ui,. the. Amerimn Bee -joumat Italian Queens "' SiaViV" Untested. oOc; Tested, $1.00. Nuclei.:; trauic. $-3.00. including a good Queen Bees by the Pound. E. li. CAKKIXi'lON, ;.>2Att Be Fllillak .Sprlusa, Fla. Fouudatiou — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Ityouar*' in a riiwli, send me your order. I sell the bcxl only, and flll orders promptly at i.owF.s'i' I'lticE. BecAiTax %%'uutcd in exi-liaii!^e. mrking Wa.x [^° ?°.^?f^u .4 Specialty. ^r" Write for Catalog and Price-List, with Samples ot Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Al'Gl'STA, WIS. 446 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, July 15, the contrary, as soon as the crimson be- gan to show the ends of its nice bloora, the bees began to gather honey from it, and workt well for over two weel~..- A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's EgffS perfectly through warm weather, .iust as good as frf sh ones for cooking and frosting. Une man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 'i.i cents a dozen. You can preserve them for about 1 cent per dozen* Now is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address tor Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. MASON, :).')12 Monroe Street. - Toledo. Ohio. W0VEN.WIRR.FENGE1 Ittsl nil Eiirdi. llorse-liinh. Hull' k slTOiii;,l'li5aiiclCliii'lir"-Uslil- \Vitli J our lUl'LEX Al'TOJIATlC Jlndihic » vniu-iHi make 'iO i-.ulsa ilnv I'm J to 20 cts. a Rod.! i,>r 50 -itvles. Catuli.L'ne l-ift- T KITSELMAN BROS., T [,\ i^H. Ridgeville, Ind. * 12 dueeiis 4 8 E t f Mention ui .: ,i n erican Bee • ourruJ/ GOLDEN QUEENS And progeny warranted to take premium at the Fairs. Terms upon application. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. Please mention the Bee Journal. 14Etl I have 500 Untested :! or .") Banders— 45c. each. Tested 3 Banders. "^Oc. each. They are Fine, Large Queens, and free from all disease. This Is a Money OrdPr office. Write for whole- sale prices. B.iSIKI. HI RTII, Faliiioulli, Rusli Co., liirt. 28E4t Please mention the Bee .lournai. ^ THE ADEL BEES AHEAD ^^ Send for Catalog and see proof that Adel bees beat them all. One Queen $1.00; two Queens $1 90; three Queens $i. 75; six Queens $.>.50; 12 Queens SIO. All lioautlful. .'i banded bees, MENUV ALLEY, Weiihuni, iTlanit, 25 A4 1 Mention the Amej'ican Bee Jiyumal, FOR SALE. 1000 pounds of While Clover Comb Hoaey. Price. i;J!4 *"ts. per pound. 2HA Edw. K. Siiiitli, C'airpfiKor, 111. Pknn Ave. ano Eighth St. incision of that instrument causes in me a case of "that badly stung feeling" which puffs things up like a windbag ; nor all the king's horses nor all the king's men, ammonia, soda bicarb., per- manganate of potash or what-not will cause the painful inflation to subside. 2nd. That some one might teach the naughty little bees that it's wicked to rob. ord. That some one might invent a quick and easy way to find the queen when wanted. Of course, I know the wise old vets of the " perfesh " have only to poke their noses (well-capt) un- der the " kivver " and squint, when im- mediately they light (the squint, not the noses, bless us !) on Mrs. Queen peram- bulating among .50 million (more or less) bees, looking for stray queen-cells whom she might devour. It's so easy for the books to say : " Be sure you get the queen ;" or, " be sure you don't get her," as the case maybe; but what awfully hard work this " being sure." My eye isn't keen enough to see 'em, only when I don't want 'em. Now, I've had my three wishes. Won't some good fairy grant them by a kindly word of advice to a " feller wot don't know nothin' " about bees. This spring was an exceptionally good season for bees in this locality. We had fair weather from the first of April, giving a chance to gather the first and best honey which was clear and white, and was also well combed. Usually our honey is dark, some of it very dark, altho it is a surer crop than in some California places. There is not much now but elder blossoms, and won't be till fruit rinens. There are a number of bee-keepers hereabouts, some of whom know it all, some of whom don't want to know any- thing, and more of whom, I warrant, never take bee-paper or book. I have a neighbor who fills the bill in all particu- lars. His bees swarmed in early spring, by the million, and about half of them ran away to the mountains near by. In fact, decamping swarms have been fly- ing over our heads all spring. It is now trying to rain — an unusual thing for this part of the world, this time of year. Geo. H. Stipp. Santa Clara Co., Calif., June 25. Tiiorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary. Shonhahd and Typewriting. Kfllcieiit and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. !>>en!(5Gc.: No. 1 dark. 4®.TC.: white, extracted, 5®6c. Bees- wax. 23®28c. No demand now for either new or old honey, a t o It can be sold, of course, at some price. Milwaukee, Wis., July 6.— Fancy white. l-.i@i:ic.; No. 1 white. ll@12c.: tanch amber. 9@10c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9o.; No. 1 dark. .5® Tc. : white, extracted, 5@6c. : amber, 4i4®5c. ; dark. 4@4! 6c. ; amber. 4-5c.; dark, no sale. Beeswax. 2.5-26c. There Is some old honey in the market and new Is arriving. Boston, Mass,, July 6.— Fancy white, 13c ; No. 1 white. 1I-12C.; white, extracted. 7-8c.; amber. 5-Bc. Beeswax. 2Gc. Honey is selling slowly now. but this Is ex- pected during warm weither. Beeswax Is practically out of market as lar as supply Is concerned. Ijut the demand is good. Cleveland, Ohio, July 7.— Fancy white, 12^4c.; No. 1 white, lO-llc: fancy amber. 9c.; fancy dark. 6-7c. Beeswax. 28-30c. Honey Is moving very slowly; no demand for It whatever. San Francisco, Calif., July 5.— White comb, 1-ibs., 7-9c.; amber comb. 4^c. : ex- tracted, white liquid, 4H-.5c. ; extracted, light amber. 3V4-»c.; dark tule. 2^jc. Beeswax, fair to choice. 25-2Cc. A grain vessel clearing the past week for Liverpool took 200 cases of extracted honey. which is the tlrst noteworthy shipment out- ward this season. Thi' market remains easy in tone, with liberal iilferlngs, mostly of water white extracted. The foreign demand is mainly for amber grades at about 3^c., but not much has so tar been obtained at this figure, and only the most ordinary qualities. New York, N. Y., July 6.— Our market Is bare of comb homy, and some demand for white at from 10-1 Ic. Market on extracted is rather weak; dcmiind slow of late, and ar- rivals plenty. Wc c|uote: Southein. average common grade, .'idi' per gallon: better grades from 55-60C.; Calllornla. light amber. 4V4- 4?i ■.: white, 5-o!ic. Beeswax remains steady at 26-270. Philadelphia, Pa., July 10.— Fancy white, 13®14c.; No. I white, 12©l3c.: fancy amber. l]@12c.: No. 1 amlier. 10@llc.; fancy dark. 8@9c. ; No. 1 dark. 7@8c. Extracted, white. 5a6c. : amber 4@.5c. ; dark, 4c. Beeswax. 2.'>c. New honey has commenced to arrive. Very little call at present. To-day is very dull. Prospects are for very low prices. Biggest honey crop in 10 years. Minneapolis, Minn,, July 10. — Fancy white. 12@14c.: No. 1 white. Il@l2c.: fancy amber. 10@llc ; No. 1 amber, 9@10c.: fancy dark,8@9c.; No. 1 dark. 7®8c. Extracted, white, 6@7c.; amber. 5@6c. ; dark, 4@.jc. Beeswax, 24@27c. Demand for e.xtracted honey Is nominal, hut at fair prices. Comb very slow on ac- count of warm weather. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. Ctalcago, Ills. K. A. BtfftNBTT & Co.. 163 South Water Stri et. New York, N. ¥. HiLDRETH Bros. & Seoblken. 120 Jc 122 W. Broadway. Kan«aii City, mo. 0. 0. Clemoms i£ Co., 423 Walnut St. Buflalo, N. ¥. Battebson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant & Son. Philadelphia, Pa. Wm. a. Selseb, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. A. B, Williams & Co . 80 & 82 Broadway. St. lionis, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St minneapolia, minn. S. H. Hall & Co. milwankee, IVlg. A, V. Bishop & Co. Boston, mass. Blake. Scott & Lee., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, mich. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich. ludianapolls, Ind. Walters, f jodf.h. 16 i M issichusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. Mcculloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. r. Muth & Son, cor. Freeman & Gent ral A vs. Illinois.— The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Court House in Freeport. Tuesday, Aug. 17, 1897. All are cordially in- vited. B. Kennedy. Sec. NewMilford. 111. Please Send TJs the Names of your oelghbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bkb JotJBNAl,. Then please call upon them &al get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. See the preiuiiim oiler on page 346 ! A Hook Kccoinniended by Dr. Gallup. THE NEW METHOD In Health and E»isease. By W. E Forest. M. D.. 13th Edition. Re- vised, Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home Physician, and as A i»>eu»9es are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been helpt by some of the".V> wpepsisi, <'oiii>li|>:iliun, Mysentai-y, Ijiver and Kidney 'l'i-oiil>le<>, Calai-i-li. ICniaeia- tion. e.>i I>e- ouliar to Women, etc.. the methods are sure, and can be carried out at one's own home and with little or no expense. A Cjinarantee. So confident are the publishers of the results, that they offer to refund the money to any one who will try " New Methods " thoroughly, if the book is re- turned in good condition. Xlie l^'e-w Edition is illustrated with a number of Anatom- ical plates from the best English work on Anatomy publisht, and others made ex- pressly for this work; contains 300 pages, printed on fine calendered paper, and al- though the priceiof the first edition (much smaller in size and without illustrations) was 5:2.50, we sell this at -?1.00. postpaid. PRE.TIIIM OFFERS. For sending us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal for one year, we will mail you the book free as a premium, or we will mail it for sending your own ad- vance renewal and one new yearly sub- scriber. This is a wonderful premium offer. Address all orders to — GEOBGr. 'W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. UNG DISEASES. .11 years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, 100 State St., Chic.igo. Texas Glueens ! By return mall. Best honey-gathering strain In America. Untested, 7.")o. Select Warran- ted, 11.00. J. O. GIVENS, Lisbon, Tex. 9A'2Gt Mention the American Be« Journal Bee-Keepers' Plioto^^rapli. — We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likeness of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 121 on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faee» ■■ for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal office. 448 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July lo. 1897. ■i B^ M H A Copy of L D L L Successful Hee-Kecpiiis;, i n ■ ■ hy W. Z- Hutchinson ; ^ I 1 1 k k and our 1897 (Jatalo^r. for 2- cent stamp, or a cojiy of the Catalog Cor tlie Aokin:;:. We make almost Everyiliiiig used by Bee-Keepem, and at liOivoHt l*rlce8. Our Falcon Polisht Sections ;irt.' warranted Superior to Ail Otiiers. Don't buy cheaply and roughly ma-/irna* « : wiite to jUf «< V Ci advcrtlNerM, ollUcr tt. krtferlug. or aKlcins; about tliti Gooii.,- kffervd, will pleane Htato that tb cy saw >hn Adv erttseiueiit In thlm papei • READERS TIAPAXT'S t FOUNDATION Shiping-Cases and Cans for Honey. \ri: <.il .tliAATRi: NAI IMIWt 'I'I4«>. %Vliut iiioi<- BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS- I^aNGSTRQITH ON THB HQlS]eY=Bi515, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. BEESIJVAX -WAT^XED FOR NEXT SEASOI«i'S USE. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention tlie Am. Bee .lournal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 4ieMowiciMe 4ieMowioM^ C=:lS3:zi-]L Our business is ruaking Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : Ko. 1 Snow-Wliilc. Ko. 1 Cream. .500 for $1.25 .500 for .SI. 00 1000 for 2.50 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 4.75 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 6.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-List of Seclioiii^, Foundations, Veils, §inokcr§, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. GA3.,t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. —^— ^ 4 M The Bee-Keeper's Guide Oiven For 2 New Subscribers. Tbls loth and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnitlcent booli of 460 pages, In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here Is quite un- necessary— It is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating stj'le. The author Is also too well-known to tbe whole bee-world to re- quire any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." GEORGE W. YORK & The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year ; Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with K. 00), and we will mail YOU a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent forjl.'io, or we club it with i.he Bee Journal for a year —both together for only $1.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the bool as a premium. Let everybody try for If Will you have one > CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, III. THE ROOT NO-DRIP SHIPPING CASES. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly-made Cases — such as willlet the honey drip through them ? Commission men have told us that honey put up in our Cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient. The Porter Bee-Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the worid. Cleans supers of bees without smoking, brushing, shaking, or uncapping the honey. The Root-Cowan Extractors. Have been and are the standard the world over. Packages for Extracted Honey. We are bead-ciuarters for everything in this line. The New Weed Drawn Foundation. This is a success. Don't take the statement of any one else, but send for sam- ples and try it yourself. Pieces 4 inches square, running about 11 feet per lb., are now being sent out. I"ri«'«'i« — I! pieces, 4x4, 10c. ; by mail, Vic. 10 pieces, 2.5c. ; mail, :iOc. ~-i pieces, ."lOc. ; mail. (10c. And if we can catch up on orders for the small lots, we will furnish it in half-pound packages at T.'ic. with other goods, or SUlc. postpaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. BK-A-ITCKC OFFICES : 118 IVIIclii^an St., €liica;;o. III. Sjracusc, N. Y. 1021 niiss. Str., St. I'aiil, i?liiiii. Illcclianic Falls, Maine. 10 Vine St., IMiiladelpliia, Pa. T'uhllfsht Weekly at IIH XlU-htiiaii Street. SI.OO a Yeai — Sample Copy I'ree. 37th Year. CHICAGO, ILL., JULY 22, 1897. No. 29. Six Months forOiily 40 Cents ! NOW FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. Get Your Bee-Keeplng Friends and Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send at least one neic subscriber for the Bee Journal before Aug. 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when they will need to pay only iO cents for the last 6 months of this year, or only about 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each new 40-cent subscriber you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the following list : Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 20c. 50 copies ofleaflet on "Why Eat Honey?" 20c. 50 ■■ " on •' How to Keep Honey " 20c. 50 " " on •• Alsike Clover" 20c. 1 copy each " Preparation of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and boollttle'a " Hive T Use " (5c.) 15o. 1 copy each Dadante' "Handling Bees" (8c.) and " Bee- Pasturage a Necessity " (lOc.) 18c. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood " 2oc. Kohnke'e " Foul Brood" book 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book dOo.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees" [8o ] 18c. Dr. Foote'8 Hand-Bookof Health 25o. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and Caponizlng 25c. Turkeys for Market and Profit 25c. Green's Four Books on Frult-Growlng 25c. Kopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. Silo and Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. Blenen-Kultur [German] . ; 40c. Kendall's Horse-Book [English or German] 25c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 '• Sweet " " 25c. IH " AlBlke •• " 25c. 1V4 '• Alfalfa " " 2oc. 1V4 " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; in other words, no one sending In his own 40 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. IE Adulteration — Enforcement of Present Laws. BY C. P. DADANT. A few weeks ago I wrote my views about getting more laws on the subject of adulteration. I held that, In my judg- ment, we have laws enough in existence to give us the power of crushing adulteration, like all other swindles that can be proven. I hope some of our law friends will not arise and prove to me that I am wrong, and that liiw and common-sense do not agree. I wish, just now, to bring to the attenion of the readers of the American Bee Journal some facts that strengthen my views very materially. A firm in Keokuk, Iowa — one of the oldest, most extensive and most reliable dealers in chickens and eggs in the West — also occasionally handles beeswax. Some four or five weeks ago they sent us word that they had a lot of beeswax — about 400 pounds — which they desired us to see at once, as the party who had sold it to them had a lot more of the same grade that he wisht to dispose of, and they feared that it might not be pure. As they had occasionally been cheated by hucksters selling them beeswax adulterated with tallovr, we supposed they were afraid of this lot containing tallow, and we askt them to send us the " wax " the next trip of our team to Keokuk, and we promist to report at once if the lot was not right. The " wax " came in due time, and a beautiful lot it was — but not a bit of it beeswax — it was all paraffine, or mineral wax. The usual test that we applied left us no room for doubt. It was a $50 swindle, as the firm had paid 22 cents for an article that was hardly worth 10 cents per pound. Two of the firm came over to see us the same evening, and told us that they had been unable to tell by the looks of the goods that the lot was not right, but that they mistrusted It, because the man was evidently a city agent, and he was so very anxious to sell them more beeswax at a price lower than the market rate then. Upon being assured by me that the lot was not at all beeswax, they returned to the city and had the fellow arrested for obtaining money under false pretense. This young man, who gave his residence as Chicago, was very much crestfallen after a night spent In the Keokuk jail. He telegrapht at once to his folks in Chicago for a cash bond, which was fixt by the Judge of the Criminal Court at 13500, by which he was bound to appear In 10 days and establish 450 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July his defense. I was summoned as an expert to testify to the quality and value of the goods In question. The upshot of this was that the case was postponed till a week ago, when an expert lawyer came from Chicago and pleaded the case with the Judge and the City Attorney, and the case was finally dlsmist upon the payment of a fine of ST5 and all the costs and expenses accrued, besides satisfying the firm in their damages, and myself for my trip to Keokuk. Now, brethren, was not this a good lesson for Mr. Chicago Man ? And can't we keep Mr. Glucose from passing himself for Mr. Honey In the same way that this was done? At any rate, can't we make It hot enough, if we unite on it, for these fine gentlemen who try to get rich by defrauding the con- sumer and the producer, to make them sick of the job ? I see, on page 405, that Prof. Cook Is for the action of the Old Union against adulteration. Good. But, gentlemen, why two Unions ? Can't we lay aside all disputes and come together? I belong to both, and am willing to help both, but how much stronger we should be if we stood together as one man ! It does not matter what is done. The time has come to stop the frauds, and I say, don't let us wait for more laws, but use the laws we have, and see If we can't scare these unprin- cipled parties out of their nefarious business. I believe that when we go at it, we will find them much less numerousthan we imagine, and as easy to scare out of their swindle as the little robber-bee when she tries to get into the neighboring hive to pilfer what Is not her own. Hancock Co., III. Making Bee and Honey Exhibits at Fairs. BY .J. C. WALLENMETER. I do not believe a more aprropriate place could be found to advertise one's business than a State, county or district fair. The display of bees, honey, wax, and apiarian implements certainly has a very decidedly educational influence on the ever disbelieving and suspecting public, and besides having a teudency to develop our industry, will popularize the con- sumption of our honey by the masses. As yet, our Tri-State Fair Association does not offer enough premiums in the api- cultural department to more than barely cover the expenses of a display, if it be a small one. If a large exhibit is at- tempted, the exhibitor certainly will be out of pocket if he depends upon immediate sales to cover expenses. I have no doubt, whatever, that if the directors of any fair grounds are askt to give free spaCe to an apicultural ex- hibitor, to sell honey lemonade, in order to offset the expenses Incurred In making a display of bees and honey, the grant will freely be given. In return for this favor, if you are grateful, you will give free lemonades to all fair-ground officials, judges and superintendents of the various depart- ments, who, you may be sure, will not fall of giving you plenty of free advertising. Having secured a large crop of fine comb and extracted honey from the dry-weather honey-vine in the fall of 189-1, and having no establlsht market for a large crop, I decided to make an exhibit. The premiums offered were very small, but I thought I would sell at least the larger portion of my crop. GETTING FA,IR VI8ITOR.S INTERESTED. Id order to attract attention to my exhibit, I had pie- eating contests and doughnut-eating contests, for boys, and guessing contests for the older persons. Entries were free, and large jars of honey were given for prizes to the lucky per- sons. I must say It was a very amusing sight to see 25 boys of all sizes and ages line up beside a long table, each one ready to demolish a large (12-Inch) red-hot apple-pie (like mother used to make) that lay before him on a tin plate, the very moment the judges gave the signal. To make it more interesting, each boy had his hands tied behind him, so that he had to eat from the plate with his mouth ! Of course, each one was confident of coming out first, and as there were five prizes there would be only 20 that would be disappointed. This event was advertised by placards tackt around on the buildings, to take place everyday at 3 p.m. in front of the bee and honey exhibit. So a great crowd congregated to see the sport. Each particular boy had his host of admirers. After several false starts occasioned by cries of "Go," "Eat," etc., from the impatient crowd. Judge Curnick suc- ceeded In getting them all off together. They dived into their pies with a will. Then the fun began, and the crowd com- menced to laugh. The pies were hot, but that made no differ- ence. A few small boys hesitated, having burnt their noses. As an inspiration, I put the prize jars of honey on the table. Upon sight of those precious prizes, they immediately re- sumed operations at a winning gait. They rooted into those pies like bogs, some having their nose and eyes all smeared over with pie. At this the crowd roared, and held their sides, some coaching their favorites to do their best. Some never chewed their pie at all — just swallowed it down. I remember the first prize winner, particularly. He was a great, long-legged, rawboned, freckle-faced country lad, with red hair. He only weighed 78 pounds, and seemed all stomach from his neck to his knees. But there wasn't any- thing wrong with his appetite. No, indeed. He put it all over our city boys. His first bite was a 4x6 right out of the center. Finding it hot, he gave a convulsive gasp, stretcht his neck, got a hump in his back, rolled his eyes, and down she went, and I should judge from his looks that there was a decidedly uncomfortable feeling in the regiou of his feed-sack. It only took him two seconds to recover, when he did the same thing again to the entire satisfaction of the crowd. They shouted and roared, and held their sides. They could stand it no longer — seams ript, and buttons Hew iu all directions. The boys' heads bobbed up and down like a gang of ducks diving in a pond. The country lad got through first, but there was such a mixt up affair of boys, pies and plates, and pie-faces, and some of the boys had their faces so smeared up with "pie" that we could hardly recognize them in order to give them credit for the order in which they fioisht. There were only eight that claimed first prize, and to cap the climax, while we were trying to get at the order in which the first five finisht, the tail-enders walkt off unnoticed in the heat of the discussion with all the prizes. In order to satisfy all, I decided to give each participant a jar of honey, when, to my consternation, there were 40 in line. This state of affairs was so unsatisfactory that I discon- tinued giving any more pie-eatimg contests then and forever. I believe I got more advertisement from the above contest than a page advertisement in our local paper would have given me. I only mention these items to show how one can attract a crowd, and get them interested in one's exhibit, and, incidentally take their orders for honey, for if you are any kind of a talker at all you will soon learn how to pull orders from people once you get them interested in your exhibit. I have never yet succeeded in selling a pound of honey to any person who was not interested in my exhibit. At these fairs I have developt many regular customers for my honey, among people who never before were consumers of our product. Of course, you must have an exhibit that is an exhibit in every sense of the word. Prof. Cook says in his " Manual of the Apiary :" "Till within the past two years our American honey exhibits have been a disgrace and a hindrance, and they are largely so to- day. A little second-rate honey, sandwicht in with sugar and syrups, and supplemented by a cake or two of black, dirty wax, describes the honey exhibits at most of our fairs to-day. The premiums range from 25 to 50 cents. Our industry de- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 451 mands a separate building," etc. Surely, now, from an apl- cultural standpoint, he does not give much encouragement to the novice. When I made my first exhibit I complained of the small premiums offered by the fair ground people. They replied, saying if my exhibit proved a drawing feature they would in- crease the premiums. They did not erect a " special build- ing," but put me in the Agricultural Building, which proved a good place to sell my "honey lemonade," the past two years. The premiums have been increast as promlst, but as yet are of no consequence. Should the Interest in the department warrant, I have no doubt but what we may in time get our "Honey Hall." There is one thing certain, that the kind of displays men- tioned by Prof. Cook do not offer much inducement to fair ground officials to put up special buildings, or to offer large premiums. Vanderburgh Co., Ind. [Concluded next week.l Sweet Clover for Honey and Forage. BY JOHN S. 8LEETH. I am living In a district where I am surrounded on all sides with that "obnoxious weed"— -sweet clover — as the farmers In this part of the country call it. But that Is not all — they lay the blame on me for starting this great nuisance, as some of them call it ! Now, I can't see why they should accuse me of the deed more than any one else, only for my keeping bees. They say that I started it for that purpose. I recollect once getting a small package of seed some years ago, but I don't remember now what I did with it. Per- haps I might have cast it by the wayside somewhere, hoping that It would bring forth its fruit in due season. Sweet clover Is a biennial ; it will bloom the second year, then die out that fall, and the seed that drops off c that crop will come up the following spring, and so on. If you want a continuous bloom on the same piece of ground every year, the seed should be sown two years In succession. Now in regard to its not blooming long, as I see by some writers In the American Bee Journal : That depends alto- gether upon how well you treat it. Keeping it In bloom, and not letting It go to seed, is done by keeping it pastured down, not too close, but enough to keep It in bloom. Last season was very dry here, and our pasture scarce, so that we and our neighbors were obliged to take the public road and the right of way along the railroad, which runs parallel with the above- mentioned road, both of which are heavily set with sweet clover for our stock to pasture on. Of course, we had to herd them to keep them from getting on the track. The clover commenced blooming about the first of July, and there was plenty, I believe, that could be kept In bloom from the first of July until the frost would kill it down, and It takes pretty hard frosts to do It. I have seen It in full bloom here, along our roadsides, when it was so cold that the bees could not get out to work on it. I will now give a little experience I had with It the season of 1895, as we had a big crop of it, and we got a big crop of honey from it — for my share I got 1,500 pounds from 22 col- onies of bees, while 1896 was one of its off seasons, and we got hardly any honey from its bloom, when the frost came. Why ? Just because the stock kept It from seeding, and the bees were busy on it all of the time. They would-be so thick on it that the stock could hardly eat, sometimes. Our stock seemed to relish it very much, and did well on it. For my part, and as far as my experience goes with the plant, I don't believe that there Is another plant in existence (and that is saying a good deal) that will produce more honey and forage for stock than the sweet clover. Mr. A. I. Root, in the November number of the American Bee Journal, says that he has seen It a success on rich, pro- ductive land. Now, I don't know about my old native Buck- eye State, for I never know such a plant there In my time, but here in middle Illinois, where I think we have as good a soli as ever the sun shines on, it will grow wherever a seed happens to fall — it will grow to perfection. As for sowing It with grain in the spring, I could not say, as I have had no ex- perience In that line, but If I live and am well, I expect to try It on a small piece of rye. It is a wonderful clover to stand a long drouth, and continued wet weather doesn't seem to affect it in the least. But I don't think that It will produce so much honey then. Livingston Co., 111. Bee-Stings— Use of Smoke With Bees. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. Some are adverse to entering Into bee-keeping on account of stings. Stings hurt, but the one who is afraid of being hurt will not enter Into any avocation in life, for, in any calling, more or less accidents occur. If the sling is not allowed to re- main in the flesh to pump poison fro-n the poison-sack into the wound, very little pain will result. Knowing this, and also knowing that a bee must lay hold of the skin with its feet In order to insert Its sting, very few serious stings need be received in the course of a year or in a lifetime. Persons afraid of bees, or subject to great inflammation or swelling from their stings, should use some protection for their face, and if very bad effects result, there may be cases where it might be well to protect the hands. But, as a rule, to pro- tect the hands results in more stings than not to protect them, for gloves of any kind are clumsy and devoid of feeling, so that bees are pincht and killed that otherwise would not be, which the colony resents, thus causing anger to be aroused which otherwise would have remained dormant, and the re- sult proves that the person is stung in different places, through the clothing, or in not fully protected parts, and a vindictive- ness aroused which will cause angry bees to dart at anyone who happens near the apiary for days afterward. Material for a bee-veil may be had of any of our supply dealers, which can be made so as to slip down over the hat, thus protecting the face. If a bee alights on the hands, it is very easy to distinguish, if a little attention is paid to the mat- ter, whether that bee alights there for the purpose of stinging or otherwise. If to sting, you can feel a clutching movement. If not tosting, it settles on the skin the same as a fly would. Now the moment you feel the clutching movement, strike that part of the hand against the clothing somewhere, giving the hand a push downward or a pull upward, thus crushing the the bee before it has a chance to sting, or if not quick enough to avoid the sting, crushing the bee and withdrawing the sting at the same time. In this way, you will, after a little practice, be able to avoid, entirely, four stings out of five intended ones, and take the fifth out before it has haidly reacht through the outer skin, so that only a smarting, similar to a mosqulto-blte, will be felt. In no case, ever try to pick a sting out of the flesh with the thumb and finger, for by so doing the poison- sack is first graspt, thus squeezing its contents of poison in- to the wound. I work for days, continuously, from morning to night, and sometimes for a whole week, opening hives, putting up bees and queens for shipment, putting op and taking off sections, and fixing up bees generally, without receiving a single sting. And anyone can do the same, if he will only take pains to learn under what conditions bees sting, and to avoid just those conditions. KIND OF SMOKE AND HOW TO USE IT. I am frequently askt what kind of smoke Is best ; or, what kind of smoke do you use to subdue bees with ? When I first commenced keeping bees, I used tobacco smoke, because, at that time, (nearly thirty years ago), the only smokers made for bee-keepers were those to use tobacco. But as I was averse to the use of tobacco, I soon fouud that smoke from sawdust, cotton rags, or rotten wood, answered every purpose. To know that I was right, I experimented for two years, using tobacco smoke on a part of the apiary, and rotten wood on the other, and the result was, that I have not used tobacco smoke when handling bees for years. My exper- iments proved that bees managed with tobacco smoke are irri- table (they seem to feel as if they had been insulted) for two or three days after being treated to it, and are on the watch for the enemy. Walk into a yard so treated, and first one hits your hat, then another, and then another, and not infrequent- 452 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 22, ly the face is hit. It is not safe to take strangers or visitors into your apiary if the bees are managed with tobacco smolve. To explain how I manage bees : Some friends come in and want to see a queen and the inside of a bee-hive. A bee- veil is handy, and one is furnisht for each. I have some very soft rotted wood, or spongy puul<, piclft up on some of my rambles in looking to see what the bees are at work on at dif- ferent times, which has been and is kept thoroughly dry. With a lighted match this is ignited, which it is always ready to do, for soft, dry punk will take a spark the quickest of anything I know of. This lighted punk is dropt into the bottom of the smoker, and a little more sprinkled on, when the smoker is filled with some beech, maple, or apple wood, which has on- ly partially decayed, or what is termed "hard rot." Of this last I keep a quantity on hand, keeping an eye out for the same when I am in any woodland or old orchard, and storing it away in the loft of the barn, where it is always ready and dry whenever I wish any to use. Having the smoker filled, we are ready to proceed. Now we walk up to the hive — step around back side, if you please, for we do not wish to disturb them in their labors. it seems strange, but such is the fact, that nine out of ten persons who visit a bee-yard, will persist in getting right in front of a hive, and standing there till a swarm of loaded bees collect behind them and fall tired out on the ground, rather than to stand in any other place. There is nothing that so annoys me and the bees as this very thing, so please remem- ber and don't do so any more, if you are in the habit of doing this. I next take o£f the cover, and roll back the bee-quilt, and if I have gone thus far without any sudden jar or accident, no smoke has been used, having only had it on hand in case of necessity. I now commence to take out the frames, show the bees, the brood in its various stages, and as a rule do not have to take out more than two or three frames before the queen is found. The next operation is to replace the frames, when a little smoke is used to drive off any bees which may be standing on the rabbets to the hive, so they will not get killed by setting the ends of the frames on them. A little smoke is also used to drive the bees off the tops of the frames so that none will be caught under the quilt, especially if we are using the sawdust cushion at this time. But supposing it is not visitors we are entertaining, but work — stern, rapid work — of putting on or taking off sections, what then ? Well, as follows : Step to the front of the hive, and blow a puff or two of smoke into the entrance to stampede the guards which are al- ways ready to rush out when the hive is disturbed, then take hold of the quilt with one hand, and have the nozzle of the smoker handy with the other, when with one steady pull the quilt is peeled off the frames, a puff of smoke following up the lifting of the quilt, so that the bees scamper below the tops of the frames in a jiffy. The sections take the place of the quilt before any bees have time to return. To take off: Insert the thin edge of a chisel or screw- driver between the section-case and the hive, prying up a little till a crack is made which is too small to allow a bee to come out ; then blow a puff or two of smoke in the crack, raise high- er, and give another puff; raise to an angle of forty-live de- grees ; another puff; slip under the escape-board, drop the section-case down, slipping all to its place, instead of lifting the heavy case to the ground and back again, and you have done it without killing any bees, er using much smoke, or get- ting stung. — Progressive Bee-Keeper. Too Enthusiastic — The Season. BY MRS. L. HAKRISON. I heard a bee-keeper express himself as follows, and there Is much truth in what he said : " Some bee-keepers are always cutting their own throats. Let there be one good honey-day, and they will write to the bee-papers, 'Greatest flow of honey ever known; never saw the like!' and dealers, reading this, will jump to the conclu- sion that honey being so plentiful the price should be low. Perhaps this fellow could truthfully write the day following, ' Not a drop of honey coming in, bees trying to rob.' " The season so far in this locality has been, hives full to running over with bees, but few swarms issued ; a few days, when there was an odor of honey at night, with a low bum- ming, but no two consecutive days of this kind. A day when they would not notice papers dripping with honey, followed by one when they embraced every opportunity to get into the honey-house. White Ci^over has been very abundant; the bloom fairly touching, yet only an occasional bee could be seen upon it. It is now drying up. Sweet Clover— Meli lotus alba — is now blooming, and has preempted every vacant spot in the city. I saw several acres of it yesterday, In a suburb, covered with bloom, and as high as a horse's back. The yellow variety — Melilotus officinalis — has been blooming since early in May, a waving sea of gold, and still continues. There was only an occasional basswood that bloomed here this year, and honey from this source usually lasts only a day or so. The Home Market. — This is a field that it will pay all honey-producers to cultivate well. Where a family uses honey, they consume considerable ; but there are some who never use it. Those whom we patronize will favor us by tak- ing part pay in honey, and the appetite once created will in- crease. Do not get sick, unless your doctor eats honey ; sweeten your minister's sermons with it ; shoe your horse with it ; paint your carriage, or mend your harness. Peoria Co., 111., July 10. How We Wintered the Bees, Etc. BY MRS. L. E. R. LAMBRIGGER. I believe I promist last fall to be heard from in the spring if our method of wintering proved successful. That you may all appreciate the situation to its full ex- tent, it will be necessary to describe our location and the kind of weather we had to contend with. First, then, we live on the Missouri River bottoms, within 30 rods of the river itself, one of the most beautiful, pictur- esque spots in all Nebraska, and an ideal location for honey- production. In years of drouth, when other localities are burning up, this spot knows no failures ; but they say "every rose has Its thorn," and this has developt one safe enough. It rained all the fall, until late November; the ground froze early, and from that time until late March did not thaw sufficient to take in live months of accumulation of rain and snow. Take it all in all, I cannot call to mind another such disagreeable winter. Not that it averaged so extremely cold, as that it was so very wet. Cold enough to keep the surface of the ground a glare of ice for some months ; but I suffered less discomfort in the high altitude of the Rocky Mountains with the mercury down to 63° below zero, than I did the past winter here, and it only 15^ below. Such is the difference between a wet and a dry cold. With alternate thawing and freezing there were times when I trembled for the bees out on the summer stands ; but I need not have done so, for they came through with colors flying, and with sealed brood present on March 25. We had no loss, and this is how we flxt them : Our apiary faces east — south winds in Nebraska the rea- son. We use only the "Alternating Hive," and all are painted. The hives were two feet apart and four inches above the ground, slightly raised at the back. The entrance space was % of an inch, extending across the hive. Mice are too plentiful here to admit of wider entrance. As it was, we found a little sneak In one of the hives. For the sake of ex- periment wo cut down the brood-chambers on part of the hives to two, while three were left on the balance. Each col- ony was allowed to retain 50 pounds of honey. Those hav- ing two chambers were provided with a super which was packt with straw only. Those with three chambers had either a burlap or seamless sack folded and laid smoothly over the top chamber, after which the hive covers were put snugly i6y', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 453 on; then all the hives were wrapt on the outside with sacks well tied on, after which the entire lot was bankt in (all but the fronts) with about four feet of fresh, clean hay. This packing had not been removed on May 3, tho it was shortly afterward, as we were about to divide them. Those colonies having three chambers had a little mold in tho bottom, those with straw cushions none; so, all things considered, we think we are in favor of two chambers and straw cushions. We shall have the hives further from the ground, too. Our bees were bringing in both honey and pollen early in April. SWEET CLOVER STANDING THE WET. Before closing I wish to speak of sweet clover; the general verdict seems to be, " It can't stand wet feet." Not only has its/eet been wet all winter, standing in ice water, and frozen into the ice. but the past spring's overflow of the Missouri river covered it head and ears, and yet, while it is true some was killed, we have a fine stand, which bloomed about June 1. And as to the seed which we scattered in grass land last fall, why, as Col. Sellers used to say, "There's millions in it" for the bee-keeper. Sweet clover could not be subjected to a severer test than it received here the last winter and spring. We expected it was mined, and were happily disappointed. Knox Co., Nebr. Illinois Bee-Association Members' Reports. The following reports were sent in, in reply to these ques- tions ; 1. How many colonies have you ? 2. What are the prospects for a honey crop ? 3. How much honey gathered to date? 5. Is the honey gathered No. 1 or not? C. Becker, Sangamon Co., June 26 — 1. 40 in the spring, and 80 now. 2. Pair after the rain ; too cold in the forepart of the season, and then too dry. 3. 1500 lbs. of extracted, and 500 lbs. of comb honey, i. No. 1 white clover. L. Sylvester, Kane Co., June 28—1. 17 from 40 last fall. 2. Good, if we couldhave warm nights. 3. Not any, but have third supers on 4. 4. Honey all No. 1 white clover. M. M. Baldridge, Kane Co., June 28—1. 20. 2. Good. 3. Don't know. 4. Yes. J. A. Green, Lasalle Co., June 28—1. 125. 2. Good. White clover is yielding well ; good prospect for basswood and sweet clover. 3. About 4000 lbs. 4. No. 1. Mostly white clover. E. F. Schaper, Porter Co., Ind., June 28 — 1. About 50 or 60, and some 10 or 12 nuclei. 2. Not good so far; too wet and cold. 3. None. James Poindexter, McLean Co., June 28 — 1. About 160. 2. Excellent. 3. From 2000 to 5000 lbs. ; some supers full, but none taken off yet. 4. All No. 1 clover. C. E. Mead, Cook Co., June 28—1. 6. 2. Big. White and sweet clover, thistle and basswood. 3. 60 lbs. since the 26th. Northeast winds to 26th; no white clover before. 4. No. 1 white clover. Lake winds stop the honey-flow here. J. C. Wheeler, Kendall Co., June 28—1. 540. 2. Fair; linden not out. 3. 3 tons of extracted. 4. One-half clover and one-half amber raspberry. W. B. Blume, Cook Co., June 28 — 1. 44 spring count ; 64 now. 2. Very good. If the weather is favorable. 3. About 250 lbs. 4. Mixt grades. A. P. Raught, Lake Co., June 28—1. 10. Middling. 3. None. 4. No. 1. G. W. Williams, Brown Co., June 29—1. 26. 2. Very good if the weather continues favorable. 3. 600 lbs. nfl, 200 or 300 lbs. ready to take off. 4. First was badly mixt with honey-dew; bees are storing honey well now. A. Y. Baldwin, Dekalb Co., June 29-1. 83. 2. Fair thas far. 3. 25 lbs. average. 4. No. 1 to date ; white clover. Stoughton Cooley, Cook Co., July 1—1. 7 now ; 5 spring count. 2. Good so far as I can judge. 3. None. W. S. Chaney, Jefferson Co., June 28—1. 65 in Illinois and 70 in Missouri. 2. The white clover yield has been fair ; prospect good for fall honey. 3. About 500 lbs. of comb honey. 4. All white clover to date. No honev-dew. L. Kreutzinger, Cook Co., July 30—1. 100. 2. Fair. 3. None taken off. 4. No. 1 comb honey. W. J. Finch, Macoupin Co., June 29—1. 15. 2. Very good. 3. 200 lbs. 4.1 Honey is very fine. Geo. F. Robbins, Sangamon Co., June 30 — 1. About 45. 2. Good. 3. Extracted 400 lbs. of comb ; perhaps 300 lbs. flnisht. 4. Yes. W. C. Lyman, Dupage Co., June 30—1. 72. 2. Good. 3. But little. 4. No. 1 white clover. G. R. McCartney, Winnebago Co.. July 2—1. 12. 2. The prospect is good. 3. Hives are full ; none taken off yet. 4. It ought to be No. 1. B. Kennedy, Winnebago Co., July 1—1. 40. 2. Good. 3. 1000 lbs. 4. No. 1. S. N. Black, Adams Co., July 1—1. 20. 2. Good for fall crop, if there is any. 3. No surplus. C. Schrier, Will Co., July 5—1. 18. 2. Good. 3. 600 lbs. 4. Yes, No. 1. E. West, Will Co., May 29—1. Bees badly diseased. 2. No honey, but the season is good. H. O. Miller, Kankakee Co., July 5—1. 3. 2. Extra good. 3. 20 lbs. 4. No. 1. Roderick McKenzie, Lake Co., Ind., July 5 — 1. 70. 2. It is a fall crop we get ; the prospect is favorable. 3. None in supers, but some in brood-nest. 4. Probably not No. 1, as we have little fruit-bloom and clover Is scarce. S. H. Herrick, Winnebago Co., July 12 — 1. 16, spring count; 29 now. 2. Never were better. 3. 200 lbs., and a lot more ready to be taken off. 4. Yes ; No. 1 pure white clover. From present outlook I will get 1,600 lbs. Dr. C. C. Miller. McHenry Co., July 13— About 260. 2. Good. 3. 2712, 4J-4 sections. 4. It is very fine. James A. Stone, Sangamon Co., June 24 — 1. 35, spring count. 2. Extra good. White clover is very abundant. 3. About 1.000 lbs. 4. No. 1 white clover. Don't Smash Honey Prices— Good Advice. There is more or less a prevailing opinion that bees work for no'thing and board themselves, and there's some basis for it, but it does not follow from that that honey should not bring a fair price in the market. A farmer has two or three colonies of bees, and the season having been good, he gets more surplus then he thinks he needs in his own family, altho his family would eat every ounce of it in the course of the year if they had the chance, and be the healthier for it. He takes it to the grocer and asks for a bid on it. The grocer says : "Well, this has been a good bee-year, and honey is pretty low, but that's a nice article of yours, and for such as that I guess I can afford to allow you iO cents in trade." The grocer knows very well it is worth from two to four cents a pound more than ten cents, but he also knows from past experience that the farmer will take just about what is offered. The farmer goes home congratulating himself, and says to his wife: " Not a bad thing to have a few bees ; there's §2.50 just as good as if I'd pickt up that much on the road, for the little time spent on the bees don't count for anything." The poor woman says nothing, but sighs to herself as she thinks how much help that 25 pounds of honey would have been to her in furnishing her table; how nice it would have been for company, and how the children would have en- joyed it, and somehow she can't clearly see why they could not afford it all the more because it was low in price. That farmer is foolish to care so little for the pleasure of his wife and the health of his children, and additionally fool- ish to sell the honey for less than a fair price. If he had found a bag of oats on the road, he would hardly sell it for less than he would a bag of his own raising ; the fact of its costing him nothing not counting or figuring on its value. Not only has he done a foolish thing ; he has done a wrong thing as well, for a short time afterward a man comes in who makes the production of honey a principal part of his busi- ness, and when he asks a fair price for his honey he is met with the reply ; "Oh, I can't afford any such price. I can get all I want for 10 cents a pound. Got a nice lot last week at that price." The bee-keeper then goes to the grocer across the way, who says : 454 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 22. " It does seem as if good honey ought to bring more, but the fact Is I had to come down on the price to meet my com- petitor across the way. I bought a lot at 12 cents, and was selling it out at 15, but my customers would come in and say they could buy the same thing across the way for 12, so there was nothing to do but for me to come down." So the bee-keeper who has workt hard for his crop, suffer- ing a failure for the two previous years, is practically de- frauded out of one-sixth of his recompense by the man who sells for the first offer that is made — because bees work for Lothing and board themselves! See that your honey is put up in good shape to go on the market, find out something as to its real value, then insist on getting what it is worth. — Iowa Homestead. CONDUCTED BY DTt.. O. O. S£ir.LER, AfyUtEAtJO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.l Reqiicenin^ — Qucen§ from tlic South and North. 1. I have some hives in my apiary in which the combs are built so crooked that I cannot remove the frames. As I wish to requeen the whole apiary, I would like to know the best way to find the queens in such hives. I have been told to open the top of hive and smoke at the entrance and drive the bees on top of the frames so that I could find the queen run- ning on top of the bees. Is this plan practicable ? 2. Would it be advisable to requeen in July after bass- wood flow is over ? 3. Would Italian queens shipt from the South do well in this climate? Central New York. Answers. — 1. The plan you suggest may work. Perhaps you may succeed better if you leave the hivecovered and smoke at the entrance and pound on the hive. Then when you lift off the cover you may find the queen among the bees on it. If you fall otherwise, you can drum the bees entirely out of the hive. 2. Yes, you can requeen almost any time, but it will be done more easily before the harvest is entirely over. 3. Yes, there seems to be no particular difference between bees reared in the South and the North. Swarmins-Fevcr — Dividinsr Colonics. 1. I have a strong colony that seems to have contracted a fatal case of swarming-fever. They have swarmed two and three times a day for nearly a week. They were hived first on full sheets of foundation, and later on starters, but acted the same in both cases. Shading did not seem to help the matter. What do you think is the trouble, and what treatment would you advise should such a case occur again ? 2. I have tried dividing according to the methods advised in the books — i. c, taking the queens and part of the brood to a new stand, and scarcely enough bees remained on the new stand to make a decent nucleus. How do you manage it? Minnesota. Answers. — 1. In spite of shading, heat may be at the bot- tom of the trouble. Something depends upon the make-up of the hive, some hives being so constructed that it is difiicult to give a colony air enough. If you have dIOiculty of the same kind again, sprinkle the hive with cold water after hiving, raise the hive a half inch or so by putting blocks under the corners, and for a day or two leave the bees partly uncovered by raising the cover a little or leave it slid to one side. As an additional precaution, and one that is by many considered an Infallible preventive of swarming, give the swarm a comb of brood. 2. Bear In mind that all field-bees of an active colony are likely to return to the old stand, and govern yourself accord- ingly. If you put the queen on a new stand, supposing you want to divide the colony about evenly, take half the combs with adhering bees and put on the new stand, then brush off into the new hive the bees of one or two frames more, perhaps from two or three. Brushing off is better than shaking off, as in shaking you will leave some bees on the comb, the very ones you want to get, for they are the youngest, and will stay any- where. But I doubt the advisability of putting the queen on a new stand. It is better to have the bulk of the field-bees with her, and these will always adhere to the old location. Various plans may be used to have the bees apportioned to your liking. Set the hive on a new stand, then put the queen with two combs and adhering bees on the old stand, and you will be sure of having plenty of young bees on the new stand. Then in a day or two, after some of the flying bees have markt the new location, return part of the frames to the queen. If you are anxious that the queen-cells reared shall be of the best quality, and you should be anxiius for this, it may be well to follow another plan. Take the queen with two combs and adhering bees, and put on a new stand. That will leave nearly the whole strength on the old stand, and you may rely on their starting better queen-cells than would a weak nucle- us, especially if cool weather should come. After five or six days the feeding of the young queens will be over, and you can then let the hives swap places, letting the queen have the old stand, and if you like you can give her some of the combs from the other hiye. — — ^ Honey that Seems to be '^ Working." I have a barrel (50 gallons) of honey that is " working." It doesn't seem to be sour, but a thick froth works to the bung, which I have kept loose. I take a spoon and skim it off, and it looks clean and nice. I fill it up, and the next day I have the same thing to do over. I have a small house in the apiary, enclosed with gauze wire, where I extract, and I pre- sume the rain has blown in. I have a 20-gallon can with a faucet, in which I keep honey at least a week before barrel- ing, always drawing from the bottom, and never drain, so the water and all impurities are on top. Would just a little water sour it? Will it clear itself if I continue to skim. If not, what is best to be done with it ? If I make it into vinegar, where would I be likely to find sale for so much ? Louisiana. Answer. — The little pollen that is floating in the honey acts as yeast, and a little thin fermentation sets in. If you will just let it alone and give chance for evaporation, it will probably right itself in a little while. Evaporation takes place more rapidly in an open vessel than in a barrel. It would probably be better not to add fresh honey from time to time as you have been doing. It would be difficult to dispose of large quantities of honey- vinegar except in the large markets, yet undoubtedly a fair market could bo gradually workt up almost anywhere by a lit- tle persistent effort. ^ — .— ^ Straigiitcning Crooiied Combs. In the spring I bought four colonies in Langstroth hives in which the brood-comljs are so crooked as to make it impos- sible to lift one out. For instance, in one of them the comb starting at the top of frame one ends with the bottom of frame five. I want to got these colonies upon straight comb before winter. I have eight other colonies in Langstroth hives with straight combs in good condition. The 12 hives are all the same size, and frames, if built straight, would be interchange- able. Swarms have issued from the four colonies first men- tioned. What would you advise ? Bees usually fly here until January, when rain does not prevent, and some white clover is in blossom until that time. Tacoma. Answer. ^It is largely a matter of mechanical genius for each particular case. Where the case is as bad as you men- tion, one (tomb being attacht to five frames, it's a good deal like transferring from a box-hive, and yet with a little pa- tience you may get along all right. With a long knife cut down at the sides of the hives, freeing all the combs from their attachment to the sides. Then turn the hive upside down and dump out the whole business. Commence at the side where the combs are straight, or where they are most nearly straight, if there is any liilierenee, and cut the comb free from the frame to which It has the least attachmiuit, bend It into place and tie there with common wrapping-twine. If some of the combs are too badly out of line, there is nothing left but for 1S9'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 455 you to cut them out entirely and fasten In the frames. You may find some advantage in exchanKintf some of these combs with colonies that have combs all straight, putting one of the doctored combs between two straight ones. Dronc§ with Peculiar Markings. I started last spring with 23 colonies— 7 hybrids, 1 Car- niolan and 15 Italians. Among the mismaled are two colo- nies wiih queens of last year's rearing. They are bright yel- low queens, of the golden Italian variety. These queens pro- duce a few drones of peculiar markings, some of them are of bright, solid yellow, or rather of a reddish cast, with a large yellow crescent on the thorax, and some of them are of a dark purple, which seems to be somewhat between the color of a red clover blossom and an ordinary black drone. They are not mottled with black, but of an even color. Could the mat- ing of the queens thus affect the drone offspring ? or what cau- ses the sporting in their color ? Iowa. Answek. — Drones seem to be very freaky as to their mark- ings. Considerable variations occur with no apparent reason. Red-headed drones are quite common. It is generally consid- ered that the drone progeny of a queen is not affected by her mating, and for all practical purposes this is probably true. Still there may be some little effect upon the drone offspring, so little as not tj be perceptible ordinarily, but showing itself quite distinctly in occasional cases. A white woman giving birth to a mulatto with a negro father, will afterward produce pure white children to a white husband, and yet there have been cases in which subsequent births to a white husband have distinctly shown negro blood. It is possible that the queens themselves may not have been entirely pure. The BuflTalo Convention Piotice has been sent us by Secretary Mason, and reads as follows : Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, July 5, 1897. Mr. Editor :— Will you please say in the next issue of the American Bee Journal that the next annual coaivention of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union will be held in the Main Hall of Caton's Business College, corner of Main and Huron Streets, in Buffalo, N. Y., commencing at 10 o'clock, a.m., of Aug. 2-i next, and closing on the afternoon of the 26th ? Papers are to be read by W. Z. Hutchinson, R. F. Holter- mann, E. Whitcomb, Hon. R. L. Taylor, Mrs. L. Harrison, R. C. Aikin, G. M. Doolittle, Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Hon. Eugene Secor, Geo. W. Brodbeck, M. B. Holmes, A. E. Manum, E. Kretchmer and P. H. Elwood ; to which will be added the President's Address, and perhaps the General Manager and the Secretary may have something of interest to present. The programs are now printed and in the hands of the Secretary. There are six bee-keepers' songs, with music, in the program, and abundance of time is allotted to the discus- sion of all papers, and for the asking and answering of ques- tions. Any one not a member of the Union can have a program sent them by mail on receipt of 5 cents in postage stamps by the Secretary. Several of our well known bee-keepers, such as A. I. Root, Dr. Miller, S. T. Pettit and others who are not on the pro- gram, will be present to help make the convention interesting and instructive. It is probable that suggestions will be made at this con- vention in the line of so amending the constitution of the Union as to remove its objectionable features and add such other provisions as may seem desirable, and suggestions in this line by those not able to be at the convention can be sent to the Secretary, to be brought before it. Some suggestions have already been received by the Secretary, and others have been made in the bee-papers. Those going to the convention should buy round-trip tickets to the Grand Army of the Republic encampment (not to the United States Bee Keepers' convention i, which meets at Buffalo during the last week of August. The G. A. R. have secured a rate of one cent a mile each way in the terri- tory of the Central Passenger Committee, which is included by Toronto, Canada, thence on a line to Port Huron, Mich., all of the southern peninsula of Michigan ; Chicago, Peoria and Quincy, III., St. Louis, Mo., Louisville, Ky., and Pitts- burg, Pa. The Western Passenger Association and the Trunk Line Association make a rate of one fare for the round-trip in their territory to places in the Central Passenger Associa- tion, from which points the fare will be one cent a mile each way, but tickets must be purcbasl to Buffalo from the start- ing point. Enquire of your ticket or station agent in all ter- ritory outside of the above-named for rates and the time the tickets are good for, for I have been unable to learn the rates Id such territory, but presume it will be the same as that of the Western Passenger and the Trunk Line Association ; but be sure to inquire of your ticket agent as above suggested. In the Central Passenger and Trunk Line territory tickets will be good going on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd, and if vised at Buffalo will be good, returning, for 30 days. Mr. 0. L. Hershiser, of Buffalo, has charge of arrange- ments at Buffalo, and will attend to the matter of hotel rates. He writes : " I purpose obtaining accommodations in private families for all bee-keepers who prefer such to hotels." Mem- bers of the Union can learn in regard to hotel rates by apply- ing to the Secretary at the place of meeting. If known in time, hotel rates will be given in the bee-periodicals. A. B. Mason, Sec. Kno'wing tbe Honey- Plants.— In the June California Cultivator, Mr. N. Levering has this to say about bee-keepers studying the plants that yield honey : The leading feature of interest and ultimate success in apiculture is a correct and thorough knowledge of the nature and habits of the bee. Next, a kuowledge of the various plants upon which they work and render an equivalent for the labor bestowed. The nectar is the bee's reward; it is the sweet and tempting bait that lurks in the bloom that entices or causes the insect to yield and partake. This constitutes the philosophy of the relation between flowers and bees and their inseparable connection. The study of the honey or nec- tar-producing family of plants should engage the attention of every apiarist; likewise the cultivation of the same. He who would succeed in any industry or enterprise should be thor- oughly imbued with all its parts and characteristics. Obser- vation and the power of application are important requisites to success. Bee-keepers shoulQ note the forage, especially that which bees give the preference, in order to ascertain the best nectar-producing plants, as well as the grade and quality of honey. The black or ball sage is the leading honey-plant in South- ern California. It has been in bloom for the past month, and in our locality it is rarely visited by the bee, yet bees are stor- ing honey of an excellent quality, but from what plant no one seems to know, as bees appear to fly a long distance. We have observed them working the hoarhound, showing a decided preference for it, continuing their visits from early morn until dewy eve, and if the conditions of the weather are favorable with heavy dews, a bountiful flow is secured. Their appear- ance while working on the hoarhound is quite similar to that when working on the sage, and are to be found about the hive in all conditions of fatigue. This plant should command the attention of houey-producers. and is one of easy cultivation, adapted to almost any moist land. Encyclopedia for Beeswax.— Some time ago we offered a splendid work of eight large volumes, called "The New Standard American Encyclopedia," having nearly -±,000 pages, and over 300 colored maps, charts, and diagrams. Size of volume, 2 inches thick, S'.,' wide, and 1132 long. As per that offer, last publisht on page 186, the eight volumes were offered by freight for only .S 19 cash. We can furnish a set or two at that price, bound in half morroco ; or will ex- change a set for 75 pounds of yellow beeswax, delivered at our office. You would be more than satisfied with the En- cyclopedia, and a set of such books ought to be in every family for reference. A Nevr Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It Is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. Xbe nicEvoy Foul Brood Xreatuient Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational 'Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 2.5 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year — both for $1.10. , 456 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 22. GEORGE -W. YORK, . Editor. PUBLISHT WEEKLY BV GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, MS Mlcblgan St., . CHICAGO, ILT^. tl.OO a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. IBntered at the Post-Offlce at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers^ Umon. Organized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture; to promote the interests' of bee-keepers ; to jirotect its members ; to prevent the adulteration of honey; and to prosecute the dishonest honey-commission men. Membership Fee-$1.00 Per Annum. Executive Committee. President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Whitcomb Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. lif}arst Iioney In an attractive condition. It con- tains 2aO patres. and 245 Illustrations— Is beautifully E Tinted in the hlt'liest stvie of the art, and bound » cloth, Kold-lettered. Price. $1.00. I^unj^stroth on the Uoney-Bee, revised by Dadant— This classic in bee-culture, has been entirely re- written, and Is fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relatlnfi to bees and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard work by Kev. L. L. Ijangstroth — the Father of American Bee Culture. It has 520 pages; bound lu cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Bee-K.e::pers* Guide, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Michigan A^rW cultural Collect'.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a KuUle In bee-keeping, but is Interestlnt; and thoroughly practical and scientific. Itcontalns a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4i;u pages ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Scientific i|iiecn-Kearlnff, as Practical! v Applied, by G. M. DooUttle.— A method by which the very best of Queen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. ITfl pages, bound In Cloth, and Illustrated. Price, $1.00. A R C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopietlla of 41.10 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains iiUU engravings. It was written especially foi beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Culture* Its Methods and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work Is too well known to need further description of his book. lie Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-I^eeplno:, by Dr. John Bzlerzon —This is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has aoo pages: bound In paper covers. $1.00 Blenen-Hultur, by Thomas G. Newrian. - This Is a German translation of theprlnclpri por- tion of the book called Bkes OF Honey, lO^page pamphlet. Price, 40 cents. Convention Iland-Book, for Bee-Keepers. Thomas G. Newman.— it contains the parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Tlifrty ITearM Aiiions; tlie BecN, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of thekind. Nearly luu pages. Price, ouc. "Why Knt Honey '—This Leaflet is intend- ed for KRKK distributinn, to create a Local Market. 100 copies, by mail. :iii cts.: 5(MJ for$l.2o; hxkj, $:!.(M_i. Mow to Keep Honey and preserve its richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat lloney. Alwike Clover Ijeallet.— Full directloue for growing. 50 for 25 cts.; loO for 40 cts.; 2(X>, 7nc. Apiary Ke^^iMter, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies, tl.oo; for lOO colonies, $i. 25. Fre|>ar:ttlon ol" iioney for the IVInrket* Including the iJiuUuction and care of comb and extracted licjney. A. chapter fiom Bijes ANJ' HuXEV. price, 10 cents Bee-PuHturaiee a NeecMlty.— This book sufe- gests what and how to jjlar ii Is a chapter fron Beks a.mj iio.NEV. l*rlce. 10 cents. Tlie Hive I ll«e, by G. M. Doollttle. It details his manugoment of bees, and methodtt of producing comb honey. Price, h cents. Pr. Howard^H Boi»k on Foul Krood, —Gives the McKvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price. 2r» cts. nictlonary of Api<-iiluirc« by Prof. .John Phin. Olvfis the ctirrect meaning of nearly .'»(m) jipi- ultural terms. Price, r.o cts. Winter Problem In Bee-Keeplng. bv G. R. Pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. ;iij cts. Handling Been, by Chas. Dadant & Son.— A Chapter from Lungstroth Kevlued. Price, h cts. HiNtory of Hec*AB8oclailou9. and Hriof Ko- orts of the flrst 20 conventions. Price 15 cts Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, 10 cts. Fonl Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price 10 cts. Fraetlcal HlutH to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by Chas. F. MUTH. Also containe a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Keeplng: for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's '* new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." So p.; illustrated. 25c. EuierNon Binders, made especially for the Bee Jocrnal, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. rommerclal Calculator, by C. Ropp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Boob combined in one. Every farmer and businessman shniiid liave it. No. 1 , bound in water proof leatherette, c:i!l finish. Price, 4n cts. No 2 in tine artificial leather, with pocttet, silicate slate, and account-book. Price. 60 cts. Green's* Four Books, bv Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to. 1st. How We Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd, Peach Culture; yrd. Uow to Propagate h'ruit- Plants, \Mnes and Trees; 4th. General Kruit In- structor. Nearly 120 pages. Fully illustrated. 25ct8. Garden and Oreliard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. Cold Storage, Etc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 'lb cts. Kendall's Horse-Boob. — .3.5 pictures, showing positions of sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silage, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 25 cts. Lumber and Loo^-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. Maple Sn«:ar and the Sug-ar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. Grain Tables, for casting up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizing, by Dr. Sawyer. Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, and thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health In the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 3u eta. Poultry for ITIarket and Poultry for ProHt, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor Market and Turkeys for Protlt, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Rural liife.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters, loo pages. 25 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them profitably. Price, 40 cts. Haud-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Oueen-Rearing, etc. Price. 5Uc. Book Cliibbiiig Oilers. (Kead Carefully.) The loUowlng clubbing: prices Include the American Bee Journal one year with each hook named. Remember, that only one book can be taken In each case with the liee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices ^iven with the description of the hooks on this pajre. FoUowlui?ls the clubblng-Ust: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee J2.00 2. A B Oof Bee-Culture 2.00 ;i. Bee-Keeper'sGulile 1.7.^ 4. Bees and Honey I (Jloth boundl I.(j5 h. DooUttlc's SclentlHcQueen-Kearlng. 1.75 0. Dr. Howard's Kciul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture l.UO !>. Bleneu-Kultur [German] l.-.iO 11. national Bee-Ki'i'plnjrtl'apertoundl 1.75 1'.'. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.:J0 l.'i. Bee-Keeplng for I'roflt 1.15 14. Convention HamlBook 1.15 15. Poultry lor Market and Profit 1.10 If). Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1,10 18. Our Poultry Doctor l.IO 19. Green's Four Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 2:i. Rural Life 1,10 24. Emerson Binder for the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 110 .'10. Potato Culture 1.20 .12. Hand-Book of Health l.lo 3:i. Dictionary of Apiculture 1.35 34. Maple Sugar ;md the Sugar Bush 1.30 35. Silo and Silage i.io 36. Winter Problem In Bee-Keeplng 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies).. .. 1.75 38. Apiary Register (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 10 sist discount 1 have a Large Quantity of Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipping- Cases at 10 per cent, discount from list price. Cases holding 15 sections. J5.00 per hundred net. First-claes work guaranteed. Write for Prlce-Llst. W. J. STAHMANN, Weaver, Iflinn. Mention the American Bee Journal. 25A8t lll„fl,»r, HONEY-EXTRACTOR i'llllU IS Square tilass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies In g-eneral. etc etc Send for our new catalog. Practical Hints " wiil be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Clias. F. Muth & Sou, Cincinnati. Ohio. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrancements po that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freijrht or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5B> lOIb 25Ib 50t> Alsike Clover.- .70 $1.25 $3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover... ... . .90 l.KO 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover .riO 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover .oo .!I0 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YOBK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. ADE ASY TRANSFERRING "•i\ If you contemt^late buying either three or five band Italian Queens, dimply write for my pamphlet. If you need some ot the best now. send 75 cts. for one. $4.00 for six, or $7. .50 per doz.— and full Instructions lor Introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be ? cars. CulortHl I'orters nre Iti charjfc of the day coaches, and the faiilitlL'S for the comfort of patrons is unsurpast. Commander-in-Chief Clarkson has selected this line for the trans- portHtlon of himself and staff, and respect- fully invites his comrades to Join him, Mr. J. Y. Calalian. General Ajfcnt, 111 Adams iSt.. ChicuKO. 111., will he pleased to furnish all information in regard to tralu service, etc. Depot, l^th aud Clark Sts. isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 459 C^cr)eral licn)s. Honey Plentiful. Honey is very plentiful, but it has been quite rainy the last two weeks. Manoah Steves. British Colu-nbia, July 8. Getting Honey Freely. The bees are getting honey quite free- ly now. If we have showers to keep the clover in bloom, we may get quite a good crop yet. J. I. Clark. Addison Co., Vt., July V2. Bees Doing Fii;e. Bees are doing line. They are nearly done swarming, and have gone to work. I have some working in the fourth case. I must extract some next week. I now have about 260 colonies. N. Stainingeb. Cedar Co., Iowa, June 30. Good Prospects. The bees are in splendid condition here at present. The prospects are good for a large honey-flnw. We have honey com- ing in here from the time the willow blooms in spring until the first of Sep- tember, nearly all the time. E. E. MOTER. Columbia Co., Greg., July 5. A Reckless Statement. I notice on page 398, a wail from Clark Co., Wash. The writer says : "We often have rain that will keep on raining night and day for several months at a time, etc." It is just such reckless state- ments that keep away good people from coming to a splendid country and fine climate. The truth is, he never saw a week of contiimous rain in the State. Pierce Co., Wash. Geo. W. Prater. Bees Never Did as Well. I got about 300 pounds of surplus honey last fall, but the bees are doing remark- ably well this summer, as I got 200 pounds from two colonies that I run for extracted honey, in about three weeks. This is the best my bees ever did. I have 21 colonies LOW, and they are all doing very well except two that swarmed twice. Michael Laeinan. Rock Island Co., III. July 8. White Clover — Yellow Sweet Clover. Only a sample of white clover honey has arrived. The bloom is abundant, but it is little noticed by bees. It ap- pears to me, that a difference in soil has something to do with the secretion of nectar by this plant. An observing bee- keeper said to the writer lately, that he noticed bees very thickly working on a small plot of white clover, while there was not one to be seen on a large area of this plant growing near. Where the bees were working, the soil bad been thrown up, making it higher than the surrounding soil. Only a few miles dis- tant, reports come of honey and swarms. Thus far, from 60 colonies, only four swarms have issued. Hives are full to Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'Wbite Alialfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pound tin cans, od board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 7X cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6J^ cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Pine Bass-WOOd Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-lb. barrels. iW A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. fJEOKlJE W. YORK & CO.. 118 Mielli^an Street. CHICAGO. ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, _^ Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and -whitest Bass-wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention tlie American Bee .Tournil. 7Att BEE-KEEPEES SUPPLIES _ We make The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send for Free Illustrated Catalog and Prlce-I^ist. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Ag» lit for the Southwest E. T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. Mr. Abbott !.«-lls our Ilive§ and Sections at Factory Prices. That Gueen-Clipping Device Free I Conldu't Do Wttbout It. I liave clipped 1^ queens, and must say the MonetteQueen-Cllpping Device Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-lieepers as it was to me. ) could not do without one now. Dk. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. Works Like a Cbarm. The Monette Queen-Clipping Device works LIKE A CHARM. Willi it 1 have clipped 30 queens, all in one (lay. when examining my beee. Wm. Stoi.i.ey, Orand Island, Ncbr. PLEASK READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us juxt .""• 'leio name for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-ClippinR Device free of charge. Or. the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You cant earn 30 cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 460 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 22, i!£ri! Beeswax For all the Cood, Pure Vellow Bees-wax delivered to our office till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st., CHICAGO, ILL. One Cent Invested In a postal card will Ket my large CHta- IngolAll Koofs Gouiie. [*end list of what you want, and gel price. M. H. HUNT, Bell Brancli, I»llili. WHEN ANSWERING THIS ADVERTISEMENT. (Mention ^mis jOuriw.. DEC /CCPPRC I Let me send you mv 64- ULl- IVLLrLnO ■ patre Catalog: lor isn". J. m. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala. M.^r-c »/"'■• v'i,(;:;7,'>-, Hi',^. OKDKRS ailed by return mall for the choicest Untested Italian Queeus at BOo eaih. Can furnish i, 3 and 3 tr. Nuclei. A. I. K(iotCo.'.s Supplies. Send for .i6-pa;re Caialog. Jno. Nebel A; Son, Hiuli Hill, Bio. Mention the A meriran Bee Journal 4 A tf .jj ;^-^ m r— 1 *» n r] P zizzzz:.^^ ht ■ ' ■ ■ - ■ ■ 1 :=:; = ^^^^^S^^^?^"^^^^^ r* ^ ift oft- w 2 H A Fence Not Made By Hand. Theavc-raBO farmer can not aflord toindulee In Band made fence, nor hand painted pictures. Even ".he>duS'* "'"""'■'' hiiiibi-lf. a ••botch--aDCl a "dauti wiJlUkely be the result, wliiln the time ci)n>.uuiecl ir properly applied in his rcKukir llusinl.^.^ wi.nki provide meaos lor beautiful iihotOLTuuMs cunrav- mus, elc. aad lots ol the ■■eld, reliable ■ l-age fence PAZi aCV^M VV!R£ FErjCH CO., Adrian. Mich if^f-fir^'S^^'' M 'rr*r.'-'>.r-y>,v,;, iffeti ^^'tA;^"'^ Wc have a few id thcHc lOmer.son stltf cloth- board lilndors for the American Bee Jniiriial. They make a splendid permanent Idndlntr. and hold a full year's nuinbere. The old price was 75 cl»., postpaid, liiil. we will mall you one for only 60 <-1m , or with the Bee Journal for one year— both together for $1.30. GEOKGE W. -iORK & CO.. CHICAGO, ILLS. overflowing with bees, but prefer a crowded home to empty pantries. On page 596, J. L. Gandy, of Nebras- ka, writes, dated .lune ] 3 : "The yel- low sweet clover has now been out four weeks, and the white is not out yet." It is now June 25, and the white sweet clo- ver only shows a very few white racemes, and the plant is very luxuriant, and abundant in all parts of the city, on the bluffs, ravines and gutters. The yellow has been in bloom since early in May — a waving field of golden hue. The bloom is from the ground upward, and very thick, showing very little green. It is not half as tall as the white, and the stalks are very small. Peoria Co., 111. Mrs. L. Harrison. Good Prospects for Fall Honey. The bee-fever broke out here in a mild form, caused by an excellent honey-flow last fall. Bees wintered well, and were already strong in bees and honey when spring came; tho it was cool enough through maple and fruit bloom, they got almost the full benefit of it. My 1st swarm came out April 11; 2nd swarm, April 22 ; 3rd swarm. May 2 ; -ith, May 8 ; and then from 1 to S per day until I was tired of it. The prospect for fall honey is good. W. A. McGee. Bates Co., Mo., July 7. Will Bee-Keeping Pay ? This is a question that often comes to my mind. The love of honey led me to engage in bee-keeping years ago, and I have become so interested in it that I in- tend to keep bees as long as I am able to take care of them. I am in the insur- ance business, and am also Justice of the Peace, in our city. If a messenger is sent to my ofiflce to tell me that my bees are swarming, I drop everything and go home to attend to them. The work has been trying to me this summer, as I have been suffering with lumbago and was so badly crippled that I could hardly walk with a cane, and the lifting of the hives and bending over them was poor medi- cine, but I worried through it. I started in with 28 colonies, and in- creast to 41 by natural swarming. This is the best honey season we have had for 12 years ; still it will not be a full crop as the spring was backward and cold, and the bees were not ready for the honey-flow when it came. I did not have a second swarm : never had but two in my life, and I have been keeping bees for 18 years, and atone time had SO col- onies. I manage them in this way: I take the colony that throws out the swarm, take out two brood frames, put in a new hive, fill up with starters in the sections, carry the balance of the young bees and old hive to a new stand, and throw the new swarm and the field-work- ers all into one hive; it makes a good, strong colony, and in less than three days they are at work in the sections. The old colony is too weak to swarm. In that way I have taken 27 pounds of honey from a new swarm. This year the swarming was done the last of May and tho first of June. I nev- er could understand why some people prefer a strain of l)oesthat won'tswarm. To prove that those that swarm are the best I will give my experience : I had 2S colonies spring count, had VA new swarms and have the sections all off of them ; so I have 26 colonies for fall be- Fouudatlou —Sections— Hives or any Other Supplies. Jf you are in a riif.li, send me your order. I sell the best only, and fill orders promptly at liOWEST PKiCE. BeesAvax wanted In exclianj^e. Working Wax l^o'SfSrc'sn A Specialty. V^' Write for Catalog and Price-Llst, with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AUGIiSTA, WIS, SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Snpplleit ! Root's Goods at Boot's Prices. Pouder's Honey - Jars, and every thing used by bee-beepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat. free. Walter S. Pouder, \Q'l Mass. Ave., Indian.ipolis. Indiana. U'tnpoVDm^,/ '■'Ev ANSwtian ISEMEM Mi^.N -^19 -ICLJPKW-, IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Apicultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., for bis Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. PATE8T WIRED COMB FODNDATIOH Ha« No Sag In Brood-Frames Tliiu Flat-Kottom Fuundation Has Ko PistiboD6 in the Sarplas Booey. aelDK tne cleanesi la iiauaUy worked the quickeBt of any Koundatton made J. A. VAN OEIISKN. Sole Manutftctnrer, riproui Brook Mnntiromery < o.. N. Y. IflToii Keep but One Kfinody '""^^rrouidhe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT ANY PKICE. ^i.h.rtl'.'LlZonet Cathartics %-o. 100 in a Box, *1.00— 17 In a Box, 25c. W. B. House, Dra^wer 1, Detour, Mich. 15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. \f-f:r'\twn the American Bee Jci-fmy., ONE MAN WITH THE UNION ^^'^l^^^^^''^ All do the work of four men using hand tools, in tiipping. Cutttn^-otf, Mi- tring, Rabbeting", Groov- ing. Gaining, Dadoing Edging-up. Jointing Stuff etc. t uU Llueof Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trinl. llaliilo:;ue Free. SKMS^A FALl^S ITIFf;. CO., 46 Water St SENKCA FALLS. N. T lAly '^deniut.. the Amerirmi Dee Joumat By Kctiirii [TIail. Italian Queens Untested, .jOc; Tested, $1.00. Nuclei.:.: lraine.$'2.00,inuhidinjrajfoodQueen Bees l)y the Pound. E. L.. CAUKIIVC; ■■ON, 'J'JAtt I>e Funlak Springs, Fla. 'Mentyyn tlie American Bee Jouma". Bee- Hives, Peciions. Shlpplnj?- ('ases— everything used by bee- keepers. Orders tilled promptl.y. Send tor catalog M1.\»'KS0TA BEE- KEEfERS' StPftV JlFli. CO., Nicollet Ibland, Minneapolis. Minn. CIIAS. MONDBNQ, Mgr, iAtt M'SrMcm the A/m-erttia/au Bee Jaimmik, i6y] THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 4G1 sides the 1 5 that did not swarm. I am now talking ofl their honey. Some of them stored 50 pounds, but the most of them only 27 pounds. Some of the col- onies that swarmed had sections partly filled, and when that was the case the sections were given to the new swarm. This has been a great year for swarm- ing ; a great many of the farmers have bees, and they report to me that their bees do nothing but swarm. Some re- port as high as four swarms per colony. In conclusion, let me say a few words on the color and strain of bees : In my younger days I was a contractor, brick layer, and plasterer, and I never had a man to work for me that I did not learn something from, and that Is the way with sending ofT for queens; if they do not prove to be as good honey-gatherers as those I have at home, it always makes an improvement on them ; I have as fine yel- low bees as I ever saw and they were reared on my place, but if It was not for sending off for new bees they would be just like they were when I first started with them. I am now 54 years old and do not care to take up all new-fangled theories, but if a bee-keeper wants to keep up with the times I would advise him to send away for a new strain of bees. If I had the time I could furnish as good queens as the country aflords. I have queens from different parts of the United States, and am acquainted with all strains of bees, and wish to say that It is not the color that makes the good quality. I have the 5-banded bees that are as good at storing honey as the darker ones, and I have come to the conclusion that it is the way the queen is brought into this world that makes the worker-bees get a hustle on themselves. A queen that is reared in time of natural swarming Is worth half a dozen that are brought forth by making the bees rear their queen. I will tell my reason : I have had colonies become queenless, and I gave them some brood, and they reared themselves a queen, and if that is early, or after swarming- time, the queen is short-lived and her bees are not hustlers; they will just live, but store no surplus honey ; but if in swarming-time you find a colony queen- less, and give them a brood-frame v.ith a good queen-cell, you will have bees that are good hustlers. It Is very warm now, and we mav ex- pect the honey-flow to cease, but \ am expecting honey-dew as It Is now turning dry weather, and has been too wet for honey-dew before. D. R. Rosebrough. Clark Co., III., July 8. Oregon as a Bee-Country. On page 327, " Bands " wants to know if Washington, Oregon and Idaho are favorable bee-countries, and of what the pasturage consists. I can only speak of the most western part of Oregon. I am six miles from the Pacific ocean, and one of the most fertile creek bottoms of the Coast Range moun- tains. I would call this a good bee-coun- try, if it was not for the rain or high fog most of the time, July and August ex- cepted. Bees did not show their noses till the first of April, then they went out and found the Oregon cherry blooming, which is the first pollen-producing plant. In quick succession commenced skunk-cab- bage, alder, huckleberry, salmonberry, vinemaple, and maple, to bloom. The Employ Nature The best physician to heal jour ills. Send lor FKEE Pamiihtet explsiinlDfr how diseases of the Blood. Sliln, Liver. Kidneys and Lunfs caa be cured without drugs. F. IW. SPRINGlS CO., Lock Box No. 1 L.IBERTYVIL1.E, ILL,. Mention the American Bet Jtmr-nal CARLOADS Ol Het-Uivts. Sections. Shlp- pin^-Ciises. Comb Foundation, and Evrrytliing used in the Bee-Industry. I want the name and address of every Bee-Keeper In Aiuer- ica. I supply Dealers as well as eoneumers. Send tor cata- logs, quotations, etc. W. H. PUTNAITI. KiVER Falls. Pierce Co.. Wis. Me^iticn tM s.merican Bee u cmtv.-z..- A GENUINE - Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Eg-ss perfectly throuirh warm weather, just as jrood as frt-sh ones for cookingrand frostinp:. Une man paid 10 cents a dozen for the e^gs be preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can preserve them lor about 1 cent i>ei* dozen. Now is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. ITUlSON, 3512 Monroe Street. - Toledo. Ohio. FOR SALE. 1000 pounds of While Clover Comb Honey. Price. 1.3 !4 cts. per pound. 28A Edw. E. Siiiltli, Carpenter, III. i^e'nv/yr. o-.v Arm-r-^oav, Bet Jcv^''^/. " (Jiieeus (jliveii Away." f Qray Carnlolans and Golden Italfans.f We will give a flue Tested Queen (either race) to all customers ordering 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Qufen to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers in August. Oracle and Prices ^f'^ "'"'^ of Bees and queens SaJ^ ^ept! Untested Queen $ .75 i .65 Tested •■ 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Best Imported '■ 5.00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) .75 .50 Two " •• •• 1.50 1.00 Full Colony of Bees " (in new dovetailed hive) 5.00 4.00 We fi^iarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. Descriptive Price-lilst Free. F. A. Lockliart iV Co., lake^george. 13Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. HAVE A GOOD FENCE • and von ivill have pood neifrhbors. There are * ro trespass suits when the KEYSTONE T FENCE is used. ■\\'hyl It holds stock and • turns stock. Any heiirht desired. See all about T it in our free book on fence building. • KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., • ^ Ko. 3 Rush Street, Peoria, 111. ^i Wa« •¥••••'• •'••'• •'nrrr*'*** ••'•••« Mention xAe^iaencan Bee JcnumaL. last three are our most important spring honey-plants. June 7 I found new honey In the brood- nest In such an amount that I putsupars on most of my colonies. The (low was heavy and lasted a few days more than six weeks. Altho coming so early, I had two colonies finishing 4() sections and filling 10 half-depth extraciing-frames each. The weakest colony, which had been flying more or less all winter, owing to a faulty hive-cover, fllled a set of 10 brood-frames, with the exception of a little brood In the middle ones. Then for 14 days we had lots of bloom — black- berries and other flowers — but no nectar. Now bees are making a living on white clover, but the yield will not be much before July 1 ; besides It rains almost every day. As soon as white clover is al- most over, willow-weed commences, and lasts till the fall rains set in — about the middle of September. April and May we have salmonberry, vine maple and maple; in June, black- berry, thimbleberry and barberry ; in July, white clover ; July and August, wil- low-weed, second growth white clover, and white immortelle. The first in the list and the last produce yellow honey, and the others a honey as clear as our mountain streams. This is my fifth year in bee-keeping, and I twice found a gap between spring blossoms and white clover, and once be- tween white clover and willow-weed. One year, the only spring honey 1 secured was from salmonberry blossoms, as hard rains washt out the nectar from the maples. I have had no swarms yet, altho swarming has gone on in apiaries where box-hives are used, owing, I suppose, to crampt quarters. Her.man Ahlers. Clatsop Co., Greg., June 19. A Last Season's experience. Smart bees — those Germans ! I had put on the netted-hood, tuckt Its folds gently down my manly bosom, and felt armored for a close interview with the colored colony. I approacht with that degree of courage which is supposed to awe bees into docile submission, besides I wielded the smoker with great dignity and dexterity. So far, so good. I took off the cover, then lifted the board, and there 1 decorously and retir- ingly was the mass of living, humming and buzzing honey-gatherers. It was my purpose to introduce a wide-frame of sections in the space left too long vacant — and in which space they had built comb and placed some honey. In tear- ing this formation away the bees entered a protest, which, however, diligence and the smoker subdued. I had gotten this new comb out nicely and placed the frame In Its place, and was about to close the hive when I bethought me to see if other sections were not filled. Lo, and behold, right there, to the right, were eight squares filled with luscious honey ! Forthwith I pried up the frame and took It out, set it on a board, and was about to remove others equally well- capt, when down went the removed frame and all the bees that clung to it, causing consternation among them. Im- mediately they swarmed around me, in- stinctively guessing I was the robber In quest of their well-earned supplies, and came a thousand strong! As bad luck would have It just at this time, thesmok- er had burned out and failed to attend to business. True, I had on the veil, but 462 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July my chin was close against it, and — zipp — zipp — they struck the vulnerable point, and when I had hastily retired from their aJSault I had three good, healthy stings for my trophies of war. I pulled them out and awaited results. 1 felt great confidence that now the smarting would soon stop, but little swelling take place. Alas, for human ignorance. The en- largement increast, instead. In two hours I had a neck approaching that of Grecian classics. In another hour the size of it would have been envied by the chiefest sire of a Durham herd. O, what a night I did put in, my countrymen ! Not a wink of sleep, and early rising brought no perceptible surcease. As I write, I am reminded of the old continen- tals who wore stocks that had their nose In the air and their chins in outward front. If the moral of protecting a projecting chin, and keeping a well-filled smoker for such occasion, enters your heart, I will have accomplisht ail I anticipated by this sad recital. Swollen'y yours, Emm Dee. Bee-Keeping- on the Increase. For some time I have been a reader of The American Bee Journal. I have often thought to tell how bee-keepers in the north-western part of Ohio are get- ting along. But in the last few years bee-keeping was a very discouraging business, and was so up to May 20 of this year, therefore my report prior to May 20 would not have been a very flattering one. The weather was cold and the con- stant rains made it very uupleasant for bees. But since then (May 20) we have had splendid bee-pasture. Our old- est settlers say they never before saw so much white clover in this section of the country any one year. The bees are doing extremely well. All bee-keepers whom I have spoken to lately seem to be well satisfied with the prospects this year. I find the American Bee Journal very educational and profitable for bee- keepers. J. E. Hamburger. Mercer Co., Ohio, July 2. Xiie I>Iickel l>Iate Uoad Has been selected by Commanderln-Chief Clarkeon for the transportation of himself and staff to the G. A. K. Encampment to be held at Buffalo, N. Y , Aug. 23rd to 'JSth. Tickets will be on sale Aug. 21st. 23nd and 23rd at the rate of $10. .iO for the round trip. This will afford an opportunity to the com- rades now Uvin? In the great West and North- west to once more visit the home of friends, and shake hands with those with whom they fought shoulder to shoulder in the groat Civil War. For full Information call on, or address. J. y. Oalahan, Gen'l Agent. Ill Adams St., Chicago, 111. H. Thoiine, C. p. & T. A. Ill Adams St.. Chicago. 111. Bee-Iteeperw' I»liotograpli.— We have now on hand a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likenes-s of 411 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and I'Jl on the other. We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first; then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. Bo those who order first will get the most " faces " tor their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal ofllce. Bee-Keeper's Guide— see page 464. Van Deiiseii Thin Fdn. A few 25-pound boxes of VanDeusen Thin Su- per Comb Foundation at $11.00 per box. Be quick if you want a box of it. Address, THE A. I. ROOT CO., 118 Michigan St. - Chicago, Ii.L. NATURAL SWARMING- QUEENS At 50 cts. each: ^doz,$2.80. Tested Queens at 75 cts. each. The above are all choice, natural-swarming Queens, saved during the swarmlnif season. Address, LEIISIINGEK BKOS., 29Dtf Ft, Jennings, Ohio. DiipESM j College! Penn Ave. and Eighth St. PIT"r'®M13'MQ, I'M. 500 Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dies Literary, Shorthahd and Typewriting. EfBclent and experienced Instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN YORK, Pres. H. G. Ouirin, of Bellevue, Ohio -QUEEN-BREEDER- Offers " Warranted " Golden, or Leather-Col- ored Queens at 50 cts. each, six lor $2 75. Queens are Young, Hardy and Proltflo; no disease In my locality. Have received orders from a single beekeeiierwithin 10 mouths for as high af 150 Queens. My Rees speak for theniselvei). 29A9t M.s'^^wi'. :Jrve. Amenocvn .B'€« /ctCT^.;^. Texas Queens ! By return mall. Best honey-gathering strain in America. Untested, 75i:. Select Warran- ted, $1.00. J. D. UIVEINS, Lisbon, Tex. 9A26t Mention the American Bee JoumaZ AND LUNQ DISEASES. DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, too State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. Illluots,— The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Court House In Freeport, Tuesday, Aug. 17, 1897. All are cordially in- vited. B. Kennedy, Sec. New Milford. 111. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee Journal. Then please call upon them and get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. See the preiniuni offers on page 449 ! Questiojp-Box^ In the multitude of counsellors there is safety. — Prov. 11-14. Increasinsr the Bee's LenKlli of Toiisiic. Query .'>6.— Do you suppose It possible to incvoase the size— and especially the length of tongue— of the races of bees we now have ? If possible, do you think It desirable v— N. Y. P. H. Elwood— Yes. A. V. Brown — I doubt It very much. R. li. Taylor — It's quite possible as well as desirable. J. A. Green — Yes, I think it possible and very desirable. H. D. Cutting— I know it is possible, and think it desirable to do so. Prof. A. J. Cook — Yes, I have no doubt of it, and I believe it is desirable. W. G. Larrabee — I think it would be desirable, but I somewhat doubt its be- ing possible. G. M. Doolittle— Desirable? Yes; but not practically possible with the rank and file of bee-keepers. Eugene Secor — Possible, perhaps, but I have little hope of seeing any definite results in either direction. C. H. Dibbern — Yes, by careful breed- ing from long-tongued stock. It cer- tainly would be desirable. E. France — I should guess it would be a slow process to breed bees up with longer tongues. It would be desirable. J. M. Hambaugh — Here is room for experiment. Let some one try by in- creasing the size of their combs for breedlDg. Jas. A. Stone — I do not know about the possibility, but think it desirable If it did not at the same time increase the length of the sting. Rev. M. Mahin — I think It would be desirable, but I do not think it practica- ble. If we could control the mating of queens it could be done. Mrs. L. Harrison — I think that it is possible and very desirable. Progres- sion is a law of Nature, and the " sur- vival of the fittest" brings improvement. Dr. J. P. H. Brown— With only our present knowledge of controlling fertili- zation, the possibilities in the case rest upon a frail tenure. It would be desir- able. G. W. Demaree — May be possible, but hardly practicable. It is not a demon- strated fact that increase in size in our bees would make them better than they now are. Dr. A. B. Mason — Yes, to both ques- tions. But if Apis dorsata is to be domesticated in this country, there will be no need of improving the races we now have. Chas. Dadant & Son — Yes, to both questions. We can lengthen the tongue of our bees as we increase the fattening disposition in hogs, or the trotting In horses, or the milk in cows, by selection. Dr. C. C. Miller — As there is at pres- ent a decided difference in different col- onies, I see no reason why selection in breeding might not establish a strain with long tongues. It would surely be desirable. Emerson T. Abbott — To answer the latter part of the question first, I will say, as I have often said before, that bees, unlike people, cannot have too much tongue. If there is anything In the doctrine of evolution, yes. J. E. Pond — Not to any extent. It Is barely possible that by giving strict at- tention to the point for a long series of years, that an Infinitesimal length might be added, but I question If the experi- ment would pay, anyhow. As to the desirability, I can't see any reason why an added length would bo an advantage that would have any weight. In compari- son with the diliicultios in experiment- ing and the disadvantages that would arise in consequence. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 463 HDNEY and BEESWAX 91ARKKX QUOTATIONS. Cblca^ro, 111., July 7.— Fancy white. 12® i:ic.: No. I white, lie; fancy amber, 10c. ; No. 1 amber, 7@9c.; fancy dark, 8c.; No. 1 dark. 7c, ; white, extracted, .5@6c. ; amber, 4 @5c.; dark, SHQ-tc. Bee8»ax, aeQa'c. Not any new comb on the market. Extracted offerings are free, and sales very lew. causing a weak market. St, Lonls, Mo,, July S.— Fancy white. 12® 12>4c.; No. 1 white. ll@llV4c.; fancy amber. 10@10^c : No. 1 amber. 9@10c.; lancy dark, 8S@8c.; No. \ dark. 7a8c.; white, extracted, 4X@5c ; amber, 4'-4@4!4o. ; dark, 3H@4c. Beeswax. •23!4(a26e Movement of honey Is very light : the weather roo warm, and prices are nominal. Very little selling. Indianapolis, Ind., July S.— Fancy white. lOai-JHc; No. 1 white, 9®10c ; white, ex- tracted, 4@6c. Beeswax. 2.^@27c. ■ Big crop Is being secured In this Sta'e. No demand lor other grades than those men- tioned. Cincinnati, Ohio, July 5,— No. 1 white, 10 ®iyc,; No. 1 dark. 8@10c ; white, extracted. .5a6c,; amber, 4@oc,; dark, 3H@4c. Bees- wax. 22@25c. There is a fair demand for extracted honey, which, however, must be sold cheap to meet the buyer, as the great bulk goes to the man- ufacturer. Demand for comb honey Is slow, as usual, at this time of the year. Several shipments of new comb honey have arrived alreads'. Albany, IT. Y„ July S.— Fancy white, 11® 12c.; fancy amber, 7@8c.; fancy dark. 6@8c. ; white, extracted. .5c : dark. 4c. But very little is doing In honey this month. There is a small stock of Inferior comb honey on the market, and quite a little extracted. Bees are said to be doing nicely in this sec- tion. Buffalo, H, Y., July 6.— Fancy white, 9® loc. ; No. 1 white, 8@9c.; fancy amber, 7®8c. ; No. 1 amber. 6@7c.; fancy dark, .'i@6c.; No. 1 dark. 4@5c.; white, extracted, 5@6c. Bees- wax. 23®28c. No demand now lor either new or old honey, aitQO It can be sold, of course, at some price. Milwaukee, Wis., July 6.— Fancy white, 12@l.'Jc.; No. 1 white, ll®12c.; fanch amber, 9@10c.; No. 1 amber. 8@9c.; No. 1 dark. 5® 7c.: while. extract^?d, 5®6c. : amber, 4S4@5c,: dark, 4®4!4c.; amber, 4Mi-5c.; dark. 3!^-4c. Beeswax, 30c. New comb honey has begun to come In. but no new extracted. The demand is not large on account of fruit and vegetables being so plentiful. Detroit, Mich,, July 7.— Fancy white. 10- 11c. ; No. 1 white. 9-lOc.; fancy amber. 8-9c.; No. i amber, 7-8c ; fancy darli. b-7c.; white, extracted, 5 -Gc; amber, 4-5c. ; dark, no sale. Beeswax, 25-26c. There Is some old honey In the market and new is arriving. Boston, Mass., July 6.— Fancy white. 13c.; No. I white. 11-12C.; white, extracted, 7-8c,; amber, 5-6c. Beeswax, 2tjc. Honey is selling slowly now. but this is ex- pected during warm weather. Beeswax is practically out of market as far as supply Is concerned, but the demand Is good. Cleveland, Ohio, July 7,— Fancy white, 12!4c.; No. 1 white, lO-llc: fancy amber. 9c.; fancy dark, S-7c. Beeswax. 28-3GC. Honey is moving very slowly; no demand for it whatever. San Francisco, Calif,, July 5,— White comb, l-lb3., 7-90.: amber comb. 4-Gc.; ex- tract et. New York, N. Y. HtLDBBTB Bros. & Skotslken. 120 & 123 W. Broadway. Kansaa City, Mo. C. C. Clbmoms Is. Co.. 423 Walnut 8i BuSulo, N. Y. Batterson & Co.. 11)7 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, IIU. Cbas. Dadant & Son, Pblladelphia, I*a. Wm. a. Selser. 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. A. B, Williams & Co., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. I" Bee-Keepers, and al liowuot frlfes. W\i Falcon Polisiit Sections art' wHrninted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have llie best— xiicli as *ve make. Tlie Americau Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. tAMPLE Free— Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Me>V-jki"'i, the Ariiei'ican Bee ^^crttyn'*'..- Golden Beauties and 3-Banded Or IITIPORTED §TOCK. SIlversGray CaFniolaris. Cntes ed, 50c.; Tested, 7oc. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address. Judge E. Y. TERBAL & CO. 26At£ Oamekus. Texas. Mentior.. the American Bee Jmmni/J.u I ARISE ''PO SAY to the readers J. of the BEE JOURNAL that DOOLITTE.E: has concluded to sell -BKB8 and gUBBNS- In their Beason, during 1897, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in itghtshlpplnff-box $6 00 Five Colonies lisoo Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " *' 10 00 1 teete'l Queen... %\ so 3 " Queens. 3 50 1 select tested queen 2 uo 3 •' " Queens 4 00 Select tested queen, previous season's rearlnR. . 4 orj Bitra Selected for breedlnR.THK vert best. , 5 00 About a Pound of BKBS In a Two-frame NucleuB. with any Queen, 13.00 extra. |^~ Circular free. Rtvinn full particulars resrard- Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, llA35t BORODINO, Onon. Co., N. Y ^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Climate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Paciflc Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Paciflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL, PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. OAL. Mtmtion ttie American liee Jounui'^. READERS or tills Journal who Mfrtte to any of our advertisers, either In ordering, or asking about tlie Gooda oflnjred, ivin picaso state tbattUey U.W Uie AdTeitUemeut In tbU papMk TIADANT^S t FOUNDATION Sliiping-Cases and Cans for Honey. WK CIlJAi: A^rEi: NAriSFACriO.'N. ^Vliut iu<>r<- <:iii :inl>yo<1y «lo? BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS- I.ra£NGS.TR0TH ON TTHm H©]>lB:Y=BE]e, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. BEESWAX WANTED FOR NEXT SEASON'S USE. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 411 ^MOWIOM! Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt o! Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : No. 1 Snow-Wliitc. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for H.75 No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-List of Seclions, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on appiieation. 6A3.5t MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. The Bee-Keeper's Guide This loth and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting new subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite un- necessary— it is simply the most complete sci- entific ant! practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author la also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- ?uire any introduction. No bee-keeper is ully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." GEORGE W. YORK & Given For 2 New Subscribers. The following otfer Is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year : Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with K.OU), and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $l.*i5, or we club It with the Bee Journal for a year —both tog'ether for only $1.75. But surely anybody can get only *2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the bool as a premium. Let everybody try for If Will you have one '' CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, ni. THE ROOT NO-DRIP SHIPPING CASES. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly-made Cases — such as willlet the honey drip through them ? Commission men have told us that honey put up in our Cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient. The Porter Bee-Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the worid. Cleans supers of bees without smoking, brushing, shaking, or uncapping the honey. The Root-Cowan Extractors. Have been and are the standard the world over. Packages for Extracted Honey. We are head-quarters for everything in this line. The New Weed Drawn Foundation. This is a success. Don't take the statement of any one else, but send for sam- ples and try it yourself. I'ieces 4 inches square, running about 11 feet per lb,, are now being sent out. Prives— 3 pieces, 4x4, 10c. ; by mail. Vic. 10 pieces, 25c. ; mail, 30c, '24 pieces, TiOc. ; mail, (iOc. And it we can catch up on orders for the small lots, we will furnish it in half-pound packages at 7.")C. with other goods, or 90e. postpaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Mala Office, MEDINA, O. BK,A.ISrCI€ OFFICES : 118 michigan St., Ciiicuso, ill. Syracuse, N. Y. 102'1 Miss. Str., St. Paul, Ifliiin. Mechanic Fulls, IMaine. 10 Vino SI., Pliiludclplila, Pa. I^uhlisht M'e-elcly at JlS XlicUii^aii Street. ifi.OO a Vear— Sajnple Copy J^ree. 37th Year. CHICAG-O, ILL., JULY 29, 1897. No. 30. Five lloiitlis foNiily 35 Cents NOW FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. Get Your Bee-Keeping Friends and Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send us two neiv subscribers for the Bee Journal before Sept. 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when each will need to pay only 35 cents for the last 5 months of this year, or only about 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an oSer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each 2 new3.5-ct. subscribers you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the followins list: Wood Binder.for the Bee Journal 20c. 50 coiilesof leaflet on "Why Eat Honey?" 'Oc. 50 " " on ■' How to Keep Honey " 20c. 50 ■' " on " Alsike Clover" 20c. 1 copy each " Prepamtlon of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and Uoolltlle'8 " Hive I Pse " i5c i 15c. 1 copv each Dadants' "Handling Bees" (8o.)and " Bee- Pasturaere a Nece-slty " (lOo.) 18c. Dr. Howard's book ou "F)ul Brood" 25c. Kohnke's " Foul Bro d"booK 25c. CbeBblre's " Foul Brood " bookilOc.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees" [8c ] 18c. Dr. Fuote'8 Hand-Book of Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Uoclor. by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and Caponizing 25c. Turkeys for Market and Profit 2oc. Green's Four Books on Frul^Growlng 25c. ttopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. Silo anil Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. BienenKultur LGerman] 40c. Kenda I's Horse- Book [English or German] 25c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 " Sweet " " 25c. 1V4 •' Alsike " " 25c. 1V4 " Alfalfa " " 25c. m " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; In other words, no one sending in his own 35 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. G-EORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. WMtk JUSTUS V.4X DEUSE.\. Some time ago we recorded the death of Mr. J. Van Deu- sen, which occurred March 28, 1S9T. ,We also exprest the hope that we might soon present his portrait, and this week, through the kindness of our esteemed contemporary — Glean- ings— we show a very good picture of our departed friend. It was our good fortune, several times, to meet Mr. Van Deusen at bee-conventions, where he was always a most in- terested attendant. His very presence seemed to be an in- spiration, and his bright, honest countenance ever spoke a benediction. Mr. P. H. El wood, of New York — a life-long friend of Mr. J. Van Deusen. Van Deusen— had this to say of him, in Gleanings, about the time of his death : J. VAN DEUSEN'S death. We have to record the passing from earth to a wider 466 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 29. sphere of usefulness the veteran Justus Van Deusen, in the 83rd year of his life. Wc do not know what heaven is like ; but we have a right to assume that those qualities of heart and mind that we are commanded to cultivate here will, under perfect direction, find wider scope and more ample employment in the hereafter. We rejoice that our friend was spared the period of de- crepitude that usually falls to the aged. Attendants at our national conventions, no matter how distant, have usually found him present, displaying the vigor of body and mind of men a score of years his junior. His presence was delightful, and a visit with him was an incentive to the ways that lead upward. As his nephew, Capt. Hetherington, well says, he was a line example of the Christian gentleman. From early manhood to 1848 he was engaged in the jewelry business. In the year following, the Van Deusen family built the woolen factory at Sprout Brook, which he ran for many years until he converted it Into a comb-founda- tion factory. He was a fine mechanic, and was satisfled with nothing but the highest grade of material and workmanship. It is but justice to say that every skein of yarn and every foot of foundation turned out from his factory had workt Into it the trademark of his life — the best. From small beginnings, because of the prejudices of bee-keepers against the fiat-bot- tom cell, the trade in this foundation has steadily increast to large proportions ; and the greatest tribute ever paid Mr. Deusen's good judgment is the recent adoption, by the most extensive manufacturers of beekeepers' supplies in the world, of the flat-bottom cell in their highest grade of improved foundation. He was the father of the late C. C. Van Deusen, the origi- nator of several valuable inventions in bee-keeping, and whose tragic death, together with his wife, on their way to the World's Fair, so shockt the bee-keeping world. P. U. Elwood. ■ t^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • Open Letter to CB.Baukstou — Errors Corrected BY DR. C. C. MILLKK. I confess to some feeling of pain and discouragement, Mr. Bankston, upon reading from one whom I have lookt upon as a gentleman and a Christian, the items found on page 435 of the "Old Reliable." After saying it is easy to write from imagination, and that actual experience is needed, and that a popular lie is hard to suppress, you hold me up as the first example of a flagrant liar. I wrote, " Whoever saw lay- ing queens fight ? I never did." You quote that, and say this " was easily believed by the inexperienced." The plain inference is that the experienced would not believe it, and that it was not true. Now I want to ask you a plain question, and as a gentleman I'm sure you'll give a plain answer in print: Do you /oiow; that I ever saw laying queens fight? Unless you know that, are you justified In saying anything against my statement that " I never did ?" You say, " If men would write their experience instead of what they Imagine the errors of our fathers would soon be corrected." But just because I did that very thing you hold me up as a liar. One of the traditions of the fathers Is that queens will fight to a finish at the first chance. My ob- servation bad been that this was true with regard to virgin queens, but never having seen laying queens fight, I had the temerity to raise the question whether it was ever true. I wanted what you say is so dear to you — "the unvarnlsht truth" — and what better way than to publicly ask whether others had seen anything of the kind, and to tell the plain truth that I never had. Since writing that I have had further experience, and I now know that laying queens will sometimes kill one another, and sometimes not, and shall be glad of light from you or any one else as to which is the rule and which the exception. A week or two ago, thinking to find out something more about the matter, I put two laying queens In a cage, and watcht to see what they would do. At first for a minute they paid little attention to each other, but then clincht. After a little they separated, and after that moved about in the cage with occasional conflicts. I then added other queens until there were six In the same cage. Throughout the day I glanced at them occasionally, finding more or less appearance of quarreling, but in the evening the whole six were .still alive with no appearance of being injured in any way. This was on Saturday, and I was not again in the apiary till Monday, when I found only one of the six living. The question is whether one of the six was specially belligerent and killed the others, or whether they were all so much so that no two of ihem would have lived together with no others present. You say, " I had not kept bees six months before I found that laying queens would fight to a finish as soon as the oppor- tunity is presented." I think with more experience you will change your opinion, at least you will find there are many exceptions to the rule, if it be the rule. It was formerly held, I think, that two laying queens were never found in one hive. A good many have, however, reported two laying queens lay- ing peacefully in the same hive, and I have had more than one Instance. I think the cases reported have always been mother and daughter, the mother being old and to be super- seded. I had, however, one case last year, in which for weeks two queens were in the same hive, there being no kinship be- tween the two. One was bright golden and the other very dark. I hoped to find both living in the spring, but was dis- appointed. One spring I had a number of colonies so weak that I broke them up, but as I wanted to save" the queens, I caged them and put them into a hive for the bees to feed. Running short of cages I put two in a cage, with little thought that both would live. But after a number of days both were still living, and each of them became the mother of a prosper- our colony. Now after the reports of others who had two queens in a hive without fighting, and after positively knowing several cases in which two queens lived peacefully together, I can hardly see that there was anything very wicked in my saying, " Whoever saw laying queens fight? I never did." Remem- ber that it was after this time that 1 tried the six queens in a cage. I plead guilty to another charge — ihatof saying that good queens can be reared from two to three days' larviie, but as I am only one of a large number in saying so, the burden sits lightly on me. In fact, I have never before known the state- ment to be disputed, and I think you are a pioneer In disput- ing it. You say you can prove that no kind of a queen can be reared from a larva three days old. As that departs so widely from accepted tradition, and as we ought to have the whole truth, I hope you will not fall to give the proof. You say, "Good queens can be reared from two to three days' larvEe. This Is Imagination. Kxperience says that good queens can be reared from two to ten hour old larvaj." I sup- pose that means that good queens cannot bo reared from larvip more than two to ten hours old. Are you sure, my good brother, that you are not drawing on your imagination In this? The highest authorities who have investigated the mat- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 467 ter — Dr. Planta among them — tell us that for the first three days the food Is exactly the same to a worker as to a queen larva. Doollttle takes the safe ground that there Is no dif- ference for the first 36 hours, but cautiously says, "Some- where from this to the time the larvie are three days old, the bees begin to stint them as to food," that Is, the worker-larv;v>. He says : "Hundreds of experiments in using larva) from three hours old up to those of 30 hours, prove that queens from the former are In no way superior to those from the lat- ter, while the bees always choose the latter where the choice is left to them."— (Doollttle on Queen-Rearing, page 43.) As your as yet unsupported dictum stands against the many ex- periments of so careful and painstaking a man as Doolittle, it will be necessary for you promptly to furnish the proof for your assertion, unless you wish to be cataloged in the list of those you so severely condemn, and who have called forth from you the exclamation, "Oh, if we could only be content to write what we know to be actual facts, instead of poisoning the minds of the seekers after knowledge with our imagina- tions, we would be a blessing instead of a curse to humanity !" You have so plainly called me out by name, in making the first count of your indictment, quoting words that In careful reading I have seen from no other pen than mine, that I feel warranted in asking how you know that I do my writing from imagination and not from actual experience. And while I am at It, I will ask how you know that any one of .those you condemn are in the habit of doing that thing. Has not your imagination dwelt so long upon the thought that it is now " stampt on your brain " as true, just as that deer lie was ? I frankly confess that there are very many things in bee-keep- ing that I don't know much about, but, until your expose, I was laboring under the impression that I was writing largely from experience. That experience dates back 36 years, dur- ing which time bee-keeping has been my careful study, and for the past 20 years I have had no other means of livelihood but from the sale of honey, except the amount received from writing. I do not know how much greater your experience may be than mine, but I think I may claim at least some experience. At the present time I am working from early morning till dark, with the aid of an assistant doing the work of 239 colonies, spring count, workt for comb honey, getting up at 3 to 4 o'clock so as to get in the writing I have to do. Would it be asking too much if I should ask you to give us your larger means of observation that saves you the necessity of drawing on imagination ? In the meantime, would It not be well to more earnestly cultivate that virtue commended in the Book we both revere — that virtue which " tbiuketh no evil," " and is kind ?" McHenry Co., III. Atmospheric Conditions and Nectar-Secretion. BY REV. M. MAHIN, D. D. Some few years ago there was quite a controversy in the American Bee Journal concerning the relation of bee-keeping and strawberry culture. I remember that I had a little hand in it, aud said, in substance, that bees did not work on straw- berry blossoms, and that the bees were of no use to the straw- berries, and the strawberries of no value to the bees. That was in harmony with my observation up to the present season. Last year I had a strawberry patch 24x70 feet in extent, and I observed very closely to see if the bees would work on the blossoms ; and I never saw more than two bees in the patch at a time. This year the case has been widely different. From morn- ing until night the hum of the bees among the strawberry blos- soms was constant. They workt as freely on them as they usually do on white clover ; and their distended honey-sacs gave evidence that their labor was not in vain. Whether there is any relation between the visits of the bees to the strawberry blossoms, and the very extraordinary crop of fruit, 1 will neither afSrm nor deny ; but in size and number I never saw anything approaching it. What Is said above of the strawberry will apply without any modilication to the blackberry. In most seasons bees scarcely touch blackberry blossoms; but this season they lit- erally swarmed upon them. And they left them with heavy loads, and the hives were rapidly filled with honey. There must be a cause for these facts, and what Is It ? I think the cause must be iookt for in the fact that the spring has been unusually damp and cool. I can imagine no other reason. In regard to white clover the reverse Is true. When the white clover began to bloom here, the wet, cool weather con- tinued, and the bees, if they visited it at all, quickly left In disgust. But now we have clear days and hot sunshine, and the greatest white clover crop we have bad for many years is yielding a good honey crop. I have many times observed that bees do not visit white clover early in the morning. The sun must be well up, and the air warm, that nectar may be produced by it. Buckwheat, dn the contrary, requires a cool, moist atmosphere. In a dry, hot season, it is of no value for honey ; and as in this country, in the season of Its blooming, the weather is generally dry and hot, the buckwheat bloom is of very little value. Yet once in many years it yields well. The golden-rod is, In this country, another capricious plant. The only variety that Is at all plenty where I am ac- quainted Is SoUdago Canadensis. This is the 27th year that I have kept bees, and in that time golden-rod has yielded honey twice. The first time was in the early '70's, and the second was, I think, in 1881. I am not prepared to state the atmospheric conditions of those years. The facts and observations stated above are very interest- ing from a scientific standpoint, and they would be of great practical value, if we could only control the weather; but so far we have not been able to do that even in the smallest de- gree. So we must do the best we can In existing conditions. Henry Co., Ind. Apiarian Self-Help and the Scrap-Box. BY S. A. DEACON. Few callings would seem better calculated to develop latent mechanical skill or to quicken the inventive faculties than that of bee-keeping, in which emergencies so frequently arise calling for some little dexterity in the use of a few sim- ple tools; and, with a couple of bad seasons at the start, the tyro — who conceives himself endowed with a special mission to increase the world's honey supply — becomes a jack-of-all- trades and general botch ere he has probably produced a sin- gle pound of honey or owns a dozen colonies of bees. He has perhaps essayed to make his own hives, and may even with that " vaulting ambition which oft o'erleaps itself," have had the temerity to invent some new gira-crack or device to ease his labors and expedite the acquisition of expected wealth — and, to exhaust the patience of his long-suffering brother api- arists by making more complex an already far too complicated calling. His smoker he will not unlikely have evolved from a super- annuated coffee-pot and an old kitchen bellows, and which, while It is warranted to subdue the most vicious and refractory of bees, fetches out the fire-brigade each time its services are called into use. His " starters," you will probably find, are cut by a self- feeding miniature guillotine, into whose construction have en- tered sundry parts of an eight-day clock, the handle of a coffee-mill, and the blade of a table-knife, all evidence of the fact of his having establisht that indispensable requisite to successful apiculture — or, at least, to successful amateur 468 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 29, tlnkerinK and carpentering— a scrap-box, and that he has learned the value of "self-help." There are those who will perhaps think I am writing from experience — looking in the glass and painting my own phiz. Perhaps, to some extent, I am ; I will not altogether deny the charge. Tho I venture, at the same time, to think that the picture will pass as a more or less correct likeness of a good many of us as we appeared in our sanguine salad days of bee- keeping in the long, lung ago — ■' When all the world was youn? lad. and everjthing wag green. And every goose a swan, lad. and every las^ a queen. Then, hey ! for boot and spur, lad. and ride the world away— Voung blood must have its course, lad, and every dog his daj-." Yes ; and when a now prominent member of our fraternity (which his name it is W. Z. H.) was won't to gull the public into the belief that his hives were ma,de of more costly stuff than mere wood by marbleizing the wetpaint with the smoke of a lamp, and carefully sweeping in front of them each morn with a broom 1 — (See page 12, Vol. XXXII of the Journal) — W. Z. had developt into an amateur painter, and was no doubt a bit of a tinker and carpenter to boot — and of course knew tJie vitlue of a scrap-box. I hardly care to count the years since a damaged patent lever corkscrew, a derelict sausage-mill, and the entrails of an old Dutch clock formed the nucleus of my own collection of oxidized trash, and to which I still never tire of adding. Indeed, 1 never happen across a bit of cast-away metal — un- less it be some such ponderous trifle as a wreckt railway engine or a rusty ship's anchor and chain — but into my pocket it goes, and reposes there until opportunity offers of adding it to the scores of other " unconsidered trifles " in my now worm-eaten but much cherisht old scrap-box. Half a hinge, or indeed any bit of brass or iron with a hole or two in it, I deem a fairly good find, whilst a battered gun-barrel, an old door-lock, a broken barometer, or an ancient pair of scales, is, either of them, capable of exciting as much ecstasy in the scrap collector's breast as is usually displayed by the enthusiastic philatelist over the acquisition of some such rarity as a "Twopenny green Malta," or " Cape of Good Hope Fourpenny Triangular Blue." Owing to the frequent demands upon its contents, my ovvn scrap-box never gets full. It is a rare and interesting collec- tion ; let me show it you. There, comprising the upper crust, you see inter (ilia some odd nuts and bolts, a rusty hook, the stem of a brass candlestick, a padlock hasp, piece of copper syphon, a clock-spring, ditto pendulum, some brass cog- wheels, iron rings, rusty buckles of all sorts and sizes, from those off a pair of suspenders to that big fellow cut from some rotting harness; a wooden faucet, a hollow saucepan handle — ah, that, by-the-by, first gave me the idea of my new swarm- hiving device, and I shall be using it shortly. When a swarm Issues, you know, the queen but there, wait till it is pat- ented, and then you can tell me what you think of it. Now here's a thing that's always coming in handy — the steel ribs of an old umbrella — every joint with a little hole drilled in it, yoii know; further, there's a rusty curb chain, a broken dog's- collar, some brass cartridge cases, the keyboard of a concer- tina, the mouth-piece of a bugle, and the middle section of a flute— " Their once sweet tones, alas, forever mute." Dive through this upper stratum and you'll find an equally multifarious, and, in my eyes, valuable assortment down be- low. What ! an omnium yallierum, of useless rubbish '? A conglomeration of rusty trash ? Well, my friend, perhaps that's all It may seem to you who may not possibly have two mechanical ideas in your head ; but to me It is a treasure chest, a box of untold wealth, from which I draw inspiration to devise, and substantial aid in perfecting what I do devise. Oh, you'd pitch it all away, would you ? Very likely you would ; nor heed the old adage to keep a thing seven years before getting rid of it. Now, experience has proved to me that were I to-day to throw away even the most insignificant and seemingly worthless thing in that box, and which may have lain there unrequisitioned any time these last 20 years, I should be sure to have an urgent need for that very thing to-morrow. Strange, is it not? but a fact nevertheltss. For instance, a bit of steel, part of the mysterious mechanism of a corset which years and years ago — ah, me ! what memories some of these rusty scraps call up ! Why, there's material for a big book of the most gushing kind of poetry quietly reposing in that worm-eaten old box — which years and years ago, I say, engirdled a thin, wasp-waisted maid, who to-day is a matron fair, fat, and far over forty, and which, after lying fully a score of years in that old scrap- box (the steel, not the matron), has quite recently proved of inestimable value to me, inasmuch as it has enablec^me to util- ize a thousand two-inch sections, which, not fitting my 1%- inch frames, were useless and of no earthly value to me. To reduce their width with a plane was easy enough, but how re- store the slots ? Cutting them out with a knife was far too tedious a process, and my son had once casually suggested " punching them out — somehow." Ah, but how ? Well, one day while rummaging in my scrap-box I came across this narrow steel stay-rib ; an idea struck me ; its time had come, the problem of the slots was solved ; and within less than two hours I was, by its aid, nipping out new slols as fast as my son could plane the sections down, or at the rate of 500 sections per hour. For the benefit of those who may wish to reduce wide sections to narrow ones, aud who may be mechanically and self-helpfully iuclioed, I will, in a few words, tell how it was done : First, I took a (to me) perfectly obsolete tool — a Parker's foundation fastener. On one side of the upper piece I made, by means of a center-bit, an oblong cavity whose sides were the exact shape and size of a section slot. Having first put a sharp edge on my bit of flexible steel, I curved it snugly into this cavity, and then wedged it up tight. In the bottom half of the Parker, and just where this cutter would strike, I chiseled out a J^ inch groove, which I run full of molten lead, and, when cool, smoothed down with a chisel. I then hinged the two parts together, tackt a slightly projecting bit of sec- tion on one side of the bottom half, for a guide (into which the V-groove of the sections to be manipulated fitted), and — • that was all. They cut like cheese, and as clean as a whistle ; and " long before the sun gaed doon " the job was jobbed, and these thousand sections, long regarded as worthless, were now, with a honey-flow at hand, worth fully ten dollars to me. Nor would the closest examination fail to induce any other opinion than that they were turned out just that size from the factory down at Medina, Ohio. The scrap-box served me well that shot ! I would add that reducing the width of sections is easily done by placing about a dozen of them between plauks nailed flat on either side of them, and carefully guaged to the right measurement, then plane away. But, easy and simple as the plane is, I fancy sections are too cheap in your part of the globe for many to bother. Like the poor, the supply-dealer is always with you ; here it is different; owing to frequently recurring drouths, the normal scarcity of beepasturage and poor markets, the apiarist has small encouragement, and hence the "supply-dealer" Is, so to say, unknown. It Is a far cry to the States, and what with heavy sea-freight, import dues, landing, wharfage, storage aud breakage, and having to pay at the rate of }4 a, ton for freight on the smallest pack- age, things come so costly that often one must either help one- self or — go without; and that Is how our ingenuity gets de- velopt. For Instance, we once read how the late Mr. B. Taylor 1^97. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 469 made a, practice of leveling down unfinisht combs In sections. Coming from such an authority we knew it to be good ; but what iwts a comb-leveler ? Root listed nothing of the sort — not then. My first impression was that the combs were simply scraped down ; my son, on the other hand, suggested heat; so the tin shears and soldering iron were brought into requisition ; and when, some time after, I got Dr. Miller to describe Mr. Taylor's comb-leveler in the pages of the Ameri- can Bee Journal, I found we had pretty well hit it. Anyhow, the leveler which we made out of our own " 'eads," or rather out of a gallon kerosene tin and sundry contributions from the ever-handy scrap-box, answers the purpose very well, and — cost nothing. Again ; we used to fix on starters with melted wax and a carael's-hair brush. It was a slow, messy, and unsatisfactory process, and I longed in vain for a better. "Many's the time and oft " I had pondered over that little wood-cut of the Daisy fastener, and wondered, and kept on wondering, how it was workt. At last one day, my son, who was busy leveling down some combs, suddenly exclaimed, " Now I know the principle of the Daisy fastener ! The lamp heats a thin sheet of metal, which melts away sufficient wax to fix the starter in its place." " Can we make one, think you ?" I askt. With that colonial confidence begotten of being so often compelled to help one's self, he promptly answered "Yes, or I'm a Dutch- man." Well, the scrap-box was overhauled, and a spiral steel spring (once part of an automatic cart-brake, and worth that day fully its weight — well, in silver if not In gold) was fer- retted out, and on the following day our Daisy was at work turning 'em out like 'ot-cakes, and fully warranting the as- surance that it was equal to fixing 500 starters an hour; at least we've done 4.50 per hour on uur home-made tool, and that " without a heffort." But wait till our automatic machinery for turning out sections of nice white honey by steam by the million and /or the million, is perfected — if the scrap-box will only stand the strain. No more painful stings, no more sticky propolis, no more plaguy bee-bread, and, better than all, no more pesky bees! A crate of sections is simply shaken out into one big hopper, five barrels of sugar and a pint bottle of Essence of Floral All-Sorts Into another quantum suff. of water, and melted ceresine turned on, the belts adjusted, the lever pusht back, and then — but there, it is not protected yet; when it is, I will let you know — until then, adieu. SrKEADING BROOD AND BREEDING UP. P. S. — Will some one of the California contributors — per- haps Dr. Gallup or Prof. Cook — kindly inform us, through the American Bee Journal, whether spreading brood ;ls had re- course to by the majority of California apiarists at any time during the year t that is to say, not merely at sprinijtime, but may be In the middle of summer, or towards the end, should a let-up in nectar-secreting flowers have reduced the colonies and weakened them for an expected flow. Also, does experience show that colonies may be made to breed up at any time during the summer by artificial feeding, to an extent commensurate with the cost and laborof feeding ? or is it only calculated to expedite breeding up in early spring, when the bees are ready to Dreed up naturally .' "PATENT VENEER WOOD" FOR SHIPPING COMB HONEY. Is McCullum's "Patent Veneer Wood," from which fruit- boxes are now so extensively made, at all likely to be found serviceable for shipping comb honey, and to come into general use for that purpose ? I would much like to see something about this wonderful new invention, and its adaptability to our calling, in the American Bee Journal. It might even do for hives, certainly for supers, as it cannot warp, and is as strong as Iron — at least so it is claimed by Mr. McCullum, who is now in Cape Town, pushing his Invention amongst our fruit- shippers. South Africa. Watery-Appearing Capping in Comb Honey. BV O. M. DOOI.rrTLE. Question. — In the fall of 18!J4 I Italianized a part of my apiary, and during the season of 1895 the colonies which were so Italianized gave me section honey which lookt badly on account of the capping to the cells apparently lying flat on the honey, with no air-space under the capping : I had noticed a very little such before, in colonies that had a trace of Italian blood in them ; but the Italianized colonies gave two-thirds of all the honey they stored, of such a watery appearance that it hurt the sale of my honey much. I do not recollect ever see- ing anything regarding this matter in print, and ask if this capping close to the honey is a characteristic of the Italian bee. Answer. — The matter of watery-appearing honey was the subject of much discussion at our bee-conventions and else- where in the early 70's, at about the time the Italian bee had obtained a good foothold in the United States, and very many condemned them on account of their being so economical of wax and space as to give their comb honey the appearance our questioner speaks of. If the questioner had noticed more closely he would not only have discovered that, besides there being no air between the capping and the honey, the capping itself contained les^ than one-half the thickness in wax that is used by the black bees. While the Italian bee was condemned by many comb- honey men on account of their bad-appearing honey, yet those who used the extractor were loud in their praise of this qual- ity ; " for," said they, " as less wax is used, less honey will be consumed for wax-secretion, and this will give us the amount of honey which the black bees use in secreting wax for us to turn directly into cash." Hence it came about that the Italian bee was especially recommended for an apiary workt for ex- tracted honey, while the blacks and hybrids were thought by some to be the better bees for comb honey. Not long after this it was noticed that certain strains of the Italian bee, and those coming from mothers many genera- tions off from imported stock, gave combs of a whiteness which nearly if not quite equaled those produced by black bees, and so we set to breeding in this direction till the success along this white-capping line was so great that scarcely a thing about the watery appearance of comb honey has appeared for the past eight or ten years in our bee-papers. Here lies one of the objections made by some against the further importation of bees from Italy, that, by such importa- tions, we have a new warfare to begin till we can breed this watery-capping propensity out of them. While I think there is something in this objection, still, so far as I knowfrom per- sonal experience, and some facts gleaned from others, a great advance along the line of white capping of comb has been made in Italy as well as in this country; and our questioner must have gotten hold of some of the very worst bees along this line which are imported from Italy today. With me the Cyprian bees were worse along this watery-ap- pearing-comb line than the Italians; while the Syrio-Italian bees, sent out by a prominent apiarist, were the worst I ever saw — so much so that their honey was hardly salable at any price, without explanation, as the people lookt upon it with suspicion of adulteration, or that it was glucose capt by ma- chinery, according to the "fake" that was then abroad in the land. Had it not been for the many good qualities of the Italian bee, this quality of poor-looking comb honey, that was noticed at the start, would have doomed them just as surely as the stinging propensity did the Cyprians. But the Italian bee is in this country for its many good qualities, and it is here to stay for all time, and in time the objection spoken of by our questioner will be a thing entirely of the past. — Gleanings. Making Bee and Honey Exhibits at Fairs. BV .1. C. WALLKXMETER. [Continued from page 451.') I believe St. Louis has the finest exhibits, and I remember being over-awed by a display of E. T. Flanagan (I believe in 1890), that was simply immense, and he was right in with the pumpkins and cabbages. To show what can be done in this line if the apiarist be an enthusiast, I will say that altho not one cent was offered in premiums by the managers of the St. Joseph (Mo.) Exposition, a very large and fine display was arranged by local apiarists. This proved such a great attrac- tion that the officers the next year offered S120 in premiums, 470 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 29, besides Diplomas, and said they would doubie the amouDt the next year. Mr. Thomas G. Newman, then of ChicaRo, was secured to lecture on " Bees and Houey." Thus the bee-keep- ers of that section were encouraged to such a remarlcable de- gree that they made better progress than that class of api- arists who are cument to pursue the evpn tenor of their way. But to return to my exhibit of lb9J:. Allho I captured all the first premiums offered, my first year's fair experience did not prove very profitable, as I was .$27 out of pocl2.50 per colony — the only county in the State that taxes the honey-bee. Washington. Answer. — In answer to these several questions, which have come up at different times, I can only repeat that they are questions for a lawyer, not for a bee-keeper to answer. Each State has its own laws, and any lawyer or justice of the peace ought to be able to give the laws of his own State. Un- less there is special provision made for the exemption of bees, they should bo taxt in all States. I pay taxes on my bees as well as my horses, and at the same rate according to their value, and I see no reason why I should not. Taxes are paid to keep the machinery running that secures us protection of our property, and if a man should steal one of my colonies 1 would appeal to the law just as promptly as if he stole a horse. If I should refuse to pay the tax, the courts would promptly decide against me. Even if assessors in other counties failed to assess bees, that would make no difference — I would have to pay the tax all the same. Wliite-Eyed Urones. I mail you to-day samples of white-eyed drones. About half the drones in one colony are like these. What do you think of them ? Indiana. Answer. — It is nothing unusual to see occasional specimens of drones with heads of different colors — more strictly speak- ing, with eyes of difTerent colors — but it is unusual to find them in a colony in such large numbers, and especially so strikingly different as these white ones. They present a very curious appearance, and the question arises whether they or the colony to which they belong are as vigorous as others. The deficiency of coloring-matter in the eyes is usually con- sidered more or less a sign of constitutional weakness. Xlie RIcKvoy Foul Brood Xreatiiient is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on "Foul Brood; its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the subject, and should bo in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Itee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 475 BEE-BOOKS SENT POSTPAID IIV Geore:e W. York & Co., Cblcaeo, IIU. Bee« nn«l Honey, or Management, of nn Apiary 'or Pleasnre and Protlt. by Thoiiine G. Newuuin.— Thla edition hits been lurt'ely re written, thoroughly revised, and la " tully "P with the times " In nil the tmprovemenis and Inventions In this rapldly-devel- oplnK pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everythlni; tliut Clin aid In the successful maniiKe- ment of an upiury, and at the same time produce the mo!*t liorR-y In nn attractive condition. It con- tains 'J.'iU pak'es, and 245 lllustriitlons— Is beautifully firlnied In tho highest Btvie of tlie ait. and bound n cloth. Kold-lettered. Price. 51.00. l^anKMtroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadiint— This cliisslc In bee culture, has been entirely rewritten, and is fully Ulustruted. It treats of everything relating to beea and bee-keep- ing. No apiarian library is complete without this standard work by Hev. L. L. Jjangstroth — the Father of American Bee-CuUure. It has 5*^0 pages; bound in cloth. Price. i)Ostpald, $1.25. Bee-K.e::per8* Oiilde, or Manual of the Apiary, by I'rof A. J Cook, of the Michigan At:rl. cultural t'oUeKe.— This book Is not only Instructive and lu-l[»Iiil as a ^ulde In beekeeplnK. but Is Interestlnt,' and ihorounhly practical and eclentlBc. Itcontaliis a full delineation of the anatomy and physiology of bees. 4(;u paxes ; bound In cloth and fully Illustrated. Price, postpaid. $l.'2,i. !9clentl pages, bound Id Cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A Cyclopa'dlji of 4110 pat-'cs. descrlbluj? everythluR pertulniriK t»> tliB care of the honey-bees. It con- tains ;iUJ en^'ravlrms. It was written especially tot beginners Bound Id cloth. Price. $1.25. Advanced Bee-Cnlture, Its Methods and Management, by \V. Z. Hutchinson.— Th© author of this work is too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertalnlni: writer. You should read hia book. itU pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 50 cts. Rational Bee-R.eepln(c, by Dr. .John Dzlerzon —This Is a translatl cts. Coniniereiiil C'aleulator^ by C. Kopp — A ready ('alculaior. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book cumbined in one. Every farmer and business man should have it. No. 1, bound In water proof leatherette, call tinish. Price. 4n cts. No. 2 in tine artiticial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. <;reen'» Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. — Devoted to. 1st. How VVe Made the Old Farm Pay; 2nd. Peach Culture; :Jrd, How to Propagate Kruit- Plants. Vines and Trees; 4th, General Fruit In- structor. Nearly i2i)pa«eB. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Oarden and Oreliard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation. (\iid Storage, Etc. 1)4 pages, illus- trated. Price. 25 cts. KendalPt* HorNe*Book* — 35 pictures, showing positions (il sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Sila«:e, by Prof. A J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 2j cts. Lumber and Log-Book* — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. ITIaple Sugar and the Siijrar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Fiill instructions. Price. 35 cts. Orain Tables, tor casting- up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price. 25 cts. CapouM and Caponlzins:, by Dr. Sawyer. Fanny Field, and others.- Illustrated. All about caponizing f'lwls, ann thus how lo make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Our Poultry Doctor, or Health in the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field.— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Poultry for ITIarket and Poultry for Profit, by Fanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. i>4 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys lor Market and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— AIJ about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price. 25 cts. Rural IjU'e.— Bees. Poultry. Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters, loo pages. 25 cte. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them protitably. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price, 50c. Book Clubbiiig Ofiers. (Head Carefnlly.) The followlnsr flubbing prices Include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Kemember, that only one book can be taken In fauh case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted see postpaid prices driven with the description (i( the books on this pajte. Followlngis thecluoblng-llst: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee 12.00 3. A B Cof Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper"eC_lulde 1.75 4. Bees and llnmj 1 Cloth boundl 1.65 5. Doollttles jcli'utlflc Queen-Hearing. 1.75 8. Dr. Howard's Foul Brood Book 1,10 7. Advanced Hee-Culture l.M n. Blenen-Kultur [German] 1.20 11. Kational Bee-Keeping tPapertoundl i.75 i;. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-Keepin>r for Proflt 1.15 14. Convention IhindBook 1.15 1."). Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys tor Market and ProBt 1.10 17. Capons and (')ipi>nizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Doctor 1.10 IS). Green's Four Hooks 1.15 21. Garden anilDrchard 1.15 23. Rural Mle 1.10 2-1. Emerson Binder tor the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-elal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's llorse-Book 1.10 30. Potato Culture 1-20 32. HandUookof Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture. 1.35 34. Maple Suirar and the Sugar Bush — 1.20 35. Silo and Silage HO .36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng 1.30 37. Apiary Kejrlster (for on Colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Kenlster (for 100 colonlesi . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 10 cISt discount 1 have a Large Quantity of Winter-Sawed Basswood on band, and will make Shipping- Cases at lu per cent, discount trom list price. Cases holding 15 sections. S.^.OO per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for I'rlce-Llst. \V. J. NTAH.nANN, Weaver, ITIiiin. Mention the American Bee JournaL 25A8t IVIllil/c< HONEY-EXTRACTOR lUUlll 0 Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Hoot's Prices. Bee-Keepeks' Supplies in general, etc etc Send lor our new catalog. Practical Hinls " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas. P. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several ot the Clovers by freight or cvpress, at the following prices, cash with order: 5B) lOfc 25ft o0J> Alsike Clover.. 70 $1.25 J3.00 $i.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover ..90 l.SO 3.75 7.00 AlfalfaClover 60 1.00 2.2o 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. TRANSFERRING^^ If you contemplate buying either three or five band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. If you need some of the hest now. send 75 cts. for one. S4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full instructions for introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing good cells will be ^ent free. Money Order office— Warrenton. W. H. PKIDGEN, 21A13t Creek, Warren Co., N. C. Me'/itiwi ths Artiencau Bee --■ r/iij!v-c;\ Our '97 Cataloff —OF— Apiarian Supplies, Bees, Etc. is yours for the asking. It is full of Information. VW Write for it. I. J. STRINOIIAM, 105 Park Place, NEW TORE, N. T. Apiary— Glen Cove, L. I. M«vi.f.'>»'i '"c America?!, Bee Jcuri^-^^'- For tlie 4ii. A. R. Kn<-anipineiit To be held at BuSfalo, N. Y., Aug. 23 to 28 In- clusive, will be sold over the Ntckel Plate Koad at $10.50 for the round trip. Good going Aug 21st, 22nd and 23rd. •The Nickel Plate Koad is the short iine be- tween CblcaKO and Butialo. and Is equipt with the most inodernly cont-lructed day coaches and lu.vurlous sleeping and dining cars. Colored I orti-rs are In charge of the day coaches. an-urpa9t. Commander-in-Chief Clarkpon has si'lected this line for the trans- portation of himself and stall, and respect- fully invites his comrades to join him, Mr. J. V. t'alaban. General Agent, 111 Adams St.. I'hicago, 111., will be pleased to furnish all information In regard to train service, etc. Depot, 12th and Clark Sts. 476 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. July 29, Ex<*ur!!>ion to diaiitaiiake via the Nickel E'l»te A up. Sad. at very low rates. Avail yourself ot this opportunity to vipil one of the most picturesque resorts In ■western New Yorlt. Tiefeets (rood on any of our through trains leaving Chicago dally at lOr-l.T a m., 3:05 p.m.. and 10:15 p.m. Call on or address. J. V. Calj,.4HAn. Gen'l Agent. Ill Adams St. H. Thorne. C. P & T. A. Depot 12th and Clark Bis. 22 Qej;)cral Iten^s^ Bees Had Done Well. 1 have 90 colonies of bees, and they did well until the last two weeks. The first crop of alfalfa is all cut, and the second crop is just beginning to bloom now. I am well pleased with the Bee Journal, and wouldn't be without it for twice what it costs. S. P. Davis. Otero Co., Colo., July 12. Good White Clover Flow. 1 have a colony of bees that has been dying for four months. Some of them die with their loads of honey on, and they are working well. I have six colo- nies now. There was a good flow of honey from white clover and raspberries. Basswood has just opened. Charles A. Breese. Rensselaer Co., N, Y., July 12. Have Not Done Very Well. Bees have not been doing very well here this season. Some of my first swarms are working in the supers, but up to yesterday and to-day It was very slow. There is some basswood bloom on the highlands, and buckbush is heavy with bloom, but the weather has been unfavorable for bees to work lately. It was too wet the forepart of the season — cold and wet the latter part of May, and the forepart of June 1 had to feed to keep the bees from starving. 1 had the first swarm June 1-i, and 1 usually get the first swarms in May. 1 have had them as early as May IT. The weather looks better now, and the bees are working with a will, so I have some hopes of securing some light honey yet. S. LaMont. Wabasha Co., Minn., July IG. Feeding and Feeders. Walter S.Pouder, in his little book en- titled, "Busy Bees and How to Manage Them," gives the best method I have ever heard of. It is as follows : At night tilt the hive back and prop it up with a board ; then pour the syrup on the bot- tom-board, and the next morning the hive can be let down again, as the syrup will have been stored in the comb. Don't be afraid of drowning the bees by pour- ing the syrup in at the entrance, as they will use the combs as ladders. To use this method the hives must have been in use long enough to be well propollzed, otherwise there is some danger of the syrup leaking out. In the fall, when it is time to feed, I go through the apiary at dusk and prop up all the hives that require feed. I then go around with an old cofTee-pnt of syrup and pour about a gallon in each entrance. This I repeat two or three evenings according to the amount of feeding to be done. Feeding used to be the the most disagreeable and Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 73^ cents per pound ; 2 cans in one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6J^ cents. The Cash must accotn- pany each order. Fine Basswood Flavor Honey at same price ; also in 270-lb. barrels. US'" A sample of either honey will be niailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. New London, Wisconsin, Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They. have also one One of tlie L,arg^est Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and ■whitest BasS'WOOd is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mentloQ the Ameiicaa Bee.TourDal. 7Atf BEE-KEEPERS "We make SUPPLIES The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Low Prices. Send fur Free Illiiwlralcd Catalog and Prlec-L,i»t. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Agent for the Southwest"^- ^- '^^^•^^^'joseph, mo. ITIr. Abbott iDells our Hives and Seelion§ at Factor}' Prices. That dueen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Cliarm. The Monette Queen-CUpplng Device woiiKS LIKE A CHAKM. With It I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day. when e.xamliitng my bees. Wm. Stoi.ley, Grand Islauii, Nebr. PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us ]nst mir mw natiir for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Ulipping Device fhek of charge. Or, the Queeu-ClippinK Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn 'M cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 MichJgao St., CHICAGO, ILL. Couldn't Do Without It. T have clipped 19 qvieens. and must say the Monette Queen-Cllpplug Device Is by tar the best invention ever made, aud will be wel- come to many hee-kcopers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dr. Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind. 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 477 riS! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yellow' BeeS'wax delivered' to our office till further notice, we will pay 24 cents per pound, CASH; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casli, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. CARLOADS 1.11' Bee-Hives, Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Found.itlon, auJ Everjfllilng used in the Bee-Industry. We want the name and ad- -; dress of every Bee-Keeper In '' America. We supply Ueal- — ers as well as consumers. We have I>rv Kiln. Improved Machinery. 40 000 leet ol tioor space, and all modern appliances. We make prompt shipment. Wiiie for CatalofTS. Quotations, etc. Inter-State Maiiufactiiriug Co,, HIJD9>UM, ^>l.. Cruix Co., WIS. Mentl/yii, the Amerixsan Bee -joun-A^- For Sale, BEES aud (jlEE.^S Queens, -50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen. J2 00; Two frames, $L..'iO; One frame, $1.00. Full Colonies, $4.00. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSOJ*, 30A.3 SWARTS. Greene Co., Pa. Beautiful Honey-Cases Made by the A. I. Root Co.. at tbelr prices. Beceiwax Wauted. ITI. H. HUNT, Bell Braiicli, ITIicli. When AuSWEBING 'MIS ADVERTISEMENT MEnTiqw v«ib jouRAf.. DCC I^CCDCD^ f Let me send you my 64- DLL~^LL^ LnO i page Catalog for iSar. J. iTI. JenkiUB, Wetumpka, 4.1a. Full Colonies for Sale 30 miles northwest of Chicago. In 9-frame LangNtri)th hives. Bees in good condition. Only Ji lew colonies. Too warm to ship lon^ dietan''e. Prices— S5. 00 oeroolonv ; 5 (-olonies, at $( .75 each ; or 10 colonies at $4. JO each, GEOKGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS 'I'lie .^it-kel Plate Koad Has been selected by CommanderlnChief Clark^on for the transportation of himself and staff to the G. A. K. Encampment, to be held at Buffalo, N. Y, Aug. 23rd to 'iSth. Tickets will he on sale Aug. 2l8t. 2"ind and 23rrt at the rate of *l0..iO for the round trip. Tbls will afford an opportunity to the com- rades now llvinir In the great West and North- west to once more visit the home of friends, and shake hinds with those with whom they fought shoulder to shoulder in the great Civil War. For full Information call on, or address. J. Y. Calahan, Gen'I Agent. Ill Adams St., Chicago, 111. H. Thorne, C. p. & T. A. Ill Adams St., Chicago, III. 21 provokine work about the apiary; but by this method I find it easy. I have tried feeders regulated by thumb-screws. Mason jars with perforated lids, bread- pans filled with straw, or covered with cheese-cloth, etc., but they are all too fussy to suit me. The former have a fashion of leakinc and letting the syrup run out of the entrance, while the rest are dauby and drown the bees. The Boardman entriince feeder has none of these faults, and is the only feeder I use when a feeder is required ; but Pouder's method given above is ahead of them all, as it costs nothing, saves time, is more cleanly, and does not allow the heat of the cluster to escape as do feeders which are placed above the cluster. — Earl C. Walker, in Gleanings. Have Done Moderately Well. Bees have done moderately well, but are checkt at present by drouth. Keep the Bee Journal booming. I am lost without it. R. H. Harkey. Ellis Co., Tex., July 19. Bees Doing Fine. Bees are doing fine this year. There is any amount of white clover, and pros- pects for a fall Pow are good. I put a drone-trap on one of my hives at noon, and by 5 o'clock, p.m., I had between 350 and 275 drones in it. Is not this an unusual large number for one colony ? P. D. Wink. Cherokee Co., Iowa, July 20. Bad Year for Bees. We have had a very bad year for bees in this section. I have taken off only 100 pounds of comb honey from 22 col- onies. Heavy rains in the spring fol- lowed by a drouth is the reason. I had only three swarms from lU colonies. A. W. Faireurn. Santa Rosa Co., Fla., July 19. Not Much White Clover Honey. I like to read all the reports from bee men and boys ; some are nice to read, some make me have a pain. I will get some honey this season. White clover has been very plentiful, but not very rich in nectar. It was a long time be- fore a bee was seen on it, but later they put in their time pretty well. Now, altho there is considerable yet in bloom, very little honey is coming in. I have a little over 100 colonies from 56, spring count. I have a few finisht supers of honey, and some extracting frames full. I am changing my old hives to the Lang- stroth style. I expect to sell my honey at and near home, and will use some leaflets to try to create a greater demand. There will be considerable loose farmers' honey hereabouts, and I am a little fearful about prices ; yet I don't believe in ad- vertising the fact before hand, for we may not get much more honey than we have. W. Spencer. Macoupin Co., 111., July 21. Sections and Section Holders. I have an idea or two that I feel will interest bee-keepers in regard to width of sections, and section-holders. I use sections 1 15, 16 inches in width, be- cause they fit my lU-frame Langstroth Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Ifyouar*' in si rii«li, send meyourorder. I sell llie bewi oiily^ and fill orders promntly at LOWEST I'ltK H. Beeswax wauled In -Wdi-kiiig Wiix ieSr"isf.- A Specialty. B^g^ Write for Catalog and Prtce-Ltst. with Samples ot Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, Ali<;ilsTA, WriS. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - Sii|>|>lirH! Root's Goods at Ruot's Prices. Ponder'N lloiiey . Jar8« and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight r:tte. Cat tree. Walter S Ponder, 162 Mass. Ave.. Indianapolis. Indiana Ul'"PoVDtft'i(" ■ lltfl A0VGR""8f"i ~irs ICii^^f*. ISr IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif., tor his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Me^iU'-O'i' Ih.e A.merwiin itee lniixtwM PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATIOH Han No Sag In Brood-Frames Thin Flat-Kottom Foundation Has So Fishbone io Ibe Sarplus Hooey. BelnK tbe cleanest 1b aaaally worked the qalcksBC of any Foandatlon made J. A. VAN OEIJSEN. Sole Mannfactnrer, Sprout Broofe Mnnitromerv To.. N. T. If You Keep but One ICfiiiody '"''"'rrouidbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best greneral-servlee Remedy to be had AT ANV FKK'.E. ■*,/j ^P^'' "f Zonet Catiiartics '« now- added to each . lox. 100 in a Box, $1.00—17 In a Box. 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15 Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. 'Uf<>iiici-. *'.i\^ .-^/iiier-wfj ti Bee •"'■■■,"''";■"'- ONE MAN WITH THE UNION °°«|;i,*^'°'* an do the work of four men using hand tools, lo Kipping:. Cuttlng--off. Mi- tring. Rabbeting-, Groov- tng. Gaining. Dadoing Edging-up. Jointing Stuff etc. Full Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trial. Calalo^ae Free. .sl^iNfc^^^A VAEaVS ITIFG. COm 46 Water St SENECA FALLS. N. Y lAly Ajentio.. the Amerirnn Bee JoumaL By Keliirii Italian Queens Untested. 50c.; Tested, .11.00. Nuclei. 'J lrame.$2.00, Inciudini^agoodQueen Bees liy t^ie Pound. E. E,. CARKIISCi I 0\, 22AU De Fiiiiiak )«priiis8, Fla. MnttJiyn Vie American Bef. Jimma', -I.. A. w. MKirr— Pliiladelpliia. !*»., Aug;. -A to 7. The Nickel Plate Road will sell tickets for this occasion at one fare lor the round trip. Tickets will be available Auif. 2nd. 3rd and 4th. Good lo return leaving Philadelphia up to and includlntr Auir 9ih For full particulars call on or addrrg . J Y. Cai.i,«han. Gen'I Agent, 111 Adams Si., Chi- cago. 111. IJepot 12th aud Clark dts. 24 478 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, July 29, EmployNature Tbe best pbysiclan to he*l jour ills. Send for FKEE Pamphlet explalnlnfi: how diseases of the Blood. Skin, Liver, Kidneys and Lungs can be cured without drujj-s. F. M. SPRIi\OS CO.. Lock Box No. 1 LIBBKTYVIIiliG, ILL.. Mention the American Bee Journal ■ A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Egirs perfectly throuirh warm weathe'', just as pood as fr- sh ones for cooking and trostlnp. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for 25 cents a dozen. You can & reserve them lor about 1 cent i»er dozen. ow Is the time to do it. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further Infor- mation— Dr. A. B. m.iSON, S.") 12 Monroe Street, - Toledo, Ohio. FOR SAI.E. 1000 pounds of White Clover Comb Honey. Price. 1.3V4 cts. per pound. S8A Ednr. E. 8iultli. Carpenter, 111. i>f*^'i.tion ttvt, Arne^.oo^'- Her JriW'r'/i,'. WOVEN. WM.FENGE! Best on Karlh. Horse- hi u'li, Itiill- stronE;, Pig and fhii-ken-tlplil. \V itli our DITLKX AITOMATU' Mnclilnf voucaii makeeo loilsa^lav for 12 to 20 cts. a Rod. Ovrr 50 stvl*"". Oatalntri'P Fi et', KITSELMAN BROS., Rnx ISH. Ridgevillei Ind. 48Etf Mention tr a nfr^rnn firr .Hrtt'-nat GOLDEN QUEENS And proprenj warranted to take prptntum at the Fairs. Terras upon appiicalinii. J. F. Michael, Greenville. Ohio. Please mention the Bee Journal. 14Etf I have 500 Untested .'i or 5 ilerrt— 45c. ea^'h. Teeied 'i lers '^Oc each. They are Fino, Larfre Queenp, au"i frne from all dist-ape. This l8 a Mont'V Ord^r office Wt'ite tor wh.-lp- eale prices. DAXIEL Wl RTII. FHlmouth, Rush C»., Iiul, 28E4t Please mention the Bee Journal. Bee -Hives, f^ertions. Shipplnp- Crtses— ever\ ihinjr u-^'d b> hen- kfepers. Orders filled iiromptlv. Send tnrratainf? MIMfKSOTA IIEK- KEEPERS' Slll'PrV MFG. tO.. McoUet Island, Mlnnnauolts Minn. CHA8. MONDENG. Mgr. Uueens ^ ft^lffJ^A^'"^. &\/f ^ "mjf^'-'. Wanted— Cdionies (if IJees In Chicago vloinitv, in excliiinge lor Art Work — Klne Pictures, framed or not framed — at wh'iiesale ratings. Address, C P. C , care of this Journal. OltOKKS filled by rcliirii mnll lor the choicest 1 ntested Italian Q leet.s al. (iOc nai h. Can furnish i , -l and 'A tr. Nuclei. A.I. KootCo'8 Shim-lies send for iC-page Calalog. J no. IVcbel \. Son, Hisili Hill, Hlo. Mf.niUtn the American Bee Junmnl. 4Atf H. G. Ouirin, of Bellevue, Ohio -QUEEN-BREEDER- OITers ** Wananied " Golden. *»' l^eat lier-Col- ored QneenH at 50 cts. each six lor * I 75. Oueens are Y()uri^, Hard* aiui Prolific; no dlseawe in my localliy. H ivc n cdved nrderH from a alnyle h»'e k"ef.er wUbin lU months lor as u\uh at 150 Queens. ITly Bees M|io ik lor tlic'iiiMelveH. :i9Af>l BAEKLEY QIO.OO BOAD CARTS and upwards. For Slyle and Fiuiah they can nit be surpassed. HARNESS ■ ■ J^ FROM S5.00 UPWARDS. CARTS 3nd BUGGIES!' FROM $5.00 UPWARDS, This cut shows our S5.60 Harness ■which we make a specialty of and -DEFY COMPETITION We also manufacture a complete lino of GOAT and DOG HARNESS from S1.50to«lS.50per set. GOAT or DOG CARTS from »4.00 to !B7.00. Write for Goat Catalogue. BARELET 855.00 BCOQlEa a.Specialty. Weguar- ancee satlsraction. YEARS have manufactijred and sold to dealfrs, BITT K'OW we are pplling direct to consumers, sav^inp yon the travelinpr man's expanses and dealer's profit. Write for illustrated eat'tlnernp atiH prices. FRANK B. BARKLEY MFG. CO. ^'^^^'^^'^ -''"■'-'■ Read our book of voluntary Testi- onlals from our customers and see what they think of Barkley Goods and Business Methods. It will pay you to do po. CHICAGO, ILL. BABELET 8158. CABRIOLE! Simplicity hives, and give good room for a key-board. I use halfof them open on three sides, putting the wide or closed sides at the ends ot the frames, thereby forming a case at no cost, that answers every practical purpose of Danzeubaker's hive. I make the frames of lath to hold 8 sections 4Jix4)i, and as the sections form an outside case, they adjust them- selves to any width of sections and give a bee-space above and below. I use the middle two sections open on all sides, be- cause It gives the bees openings to move through the case in all directions. Now as to the honey-dew that was mentioned as falling, out in Idaho. It makes me tired to hear a beekeeper speak of a heavy fall of honey-dew, un- less he simply means that it falls from the aphis. Uriah Stephenson. Henderson Co., III. Fair Crop — No Basswood. We have a fair honey crop, nothing extra. Basswood didn't yield here this year. E S. Miles. Crawford Co., Iowa, July 15. The Season in Vermont. This has been one of the worst springs for bees in Vermont that I ever knew. As a rule bees wintered finely, and were breeding up well in the spring until the cold weather came. It rained a great deal of the time, and when it did not rain it was so cold they could not work any, so they secured little or no honey from fruit-bloom. All through June strong colonies were killing their drones, and were on the verge of starvation. Clover opened 15 days later than it did last year, there- fore I had to resort to feeding to keep the colonies alive, but since July 1, and the warm weather commenced, white clover opened very fast, and now the bees are boocning and gatherii;g honey the fastest they ever did from clover, and should this weather continue we will secure a good crop of clover hoiioy yet. I am experimenting along different lines with the bees, and may report the results later. A. VV. Darhv. (".rand Isle, Co.. Vt., July 12. Keeping Bees in North Dakota. Our bees have not done as well this season as last. To begin wiili. we had high water in the spring and they had to be taken out of the cellar before the weather was favorable, and in conse- quence many colonies wore greatly re- duced In numbers. We also had an unusual amount of wind and cold weather. There were several days in succession in which the bees could not be out. In the last two weeks it has rained very hard at times, and we have also had some very hot weather. White clover is now at its best, and some honey is being brought in, but not as fast as we would like to see It. Last season we had 18 colonies, spring count, increast to 40, and ex- tracted 1,400 pounds, mostly all very good honey, which we sold in the home market. Our first swarm came off June 15, and we began extracting on the 26th. So far this season we have not had a swarm, nor have we extracted any, but some are getting strong in numbers, and are putting in some surplus which we expect to take off this week. We were the first to keep bees in this locality, and have started four others, three of whom are doing well. Our friend, Di. Richter, lost all of his dur- ing the winter, but we believe that the Doctor nas grit enough to try it aeain. John Monsgn. Cass Co., N. Dak., July 11. Bees Did Well. Bees have done well so far this year. My best colony has stored 140 one- pound sections of honey. The queen is a cross between the Carniolan and Ital- ian races. L. HiGnnARGEB. Ogle Co., III., July 17. XUe IVic-kel l>iate ICwad Will sell excursion tickets to Chautauqua Lakeand return on Aug. ind. Tickets good on any of nur through Exi>res8 Trains Uo- excplled Dining Car service Day coaches in cliargf of colored porters Try a irii) over this line and be convinced of the superior ser- vice. For full iMf.iriuatinn call on, or address, J. Y Calhh n, Gt-n'l Agent, 1 1 1 Adams .-^t., Chicago. 111. Depot I '^th and Clark Sts. ^2 Van Deiiseii Tliiu Fdii. A few 2o-pound ho.tos of VauDeuseu Thia Su- per Comb Foundatlnri at .$11.00 per box. Be quick If you want a l)o.v of It. Address. THE A. I. KOOT CO., 118 Michigan St. - CniCACo. li.i.. Golden Beauties and 3-Banded «»r IMI* liri;i> STOt'K. Silver=Gray Carniolans. Cntes ed, .50c ; Tcsti-d, 75c. Sale arrival guaranteed. Address. Judge E. Y. TERRAL & CO. 28Atf Camkudn. Texas. menium iJie Anter lean Bee jiyu/rihOtu, 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 479 ^ ^ California ;f you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers Ulimate or Resources. send for a Sample Oopjr of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Atrricultural paper of the Paclflc Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FKANCISCO. CAL. .^'cjUlon the Amcruxm. liee Jourtui'^ A Special Booivlet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a nperlal off«-r on booklets on Bees. Poultry, Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 ceiitM we will mall any 6 of the list below: and lor $1.25 we will mall the TVUoie 4lozeik ' 1. Foul Brood, by Dr. Howard 2oc 2. Poultry for Market and Profll 25c 3. Turke\s for Market and Profit 25c 4. Our Ponltry Doctor .'iOc 5. Captms and Caponlz ng 30c B. Hand- Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25c 7 Kendall's Horse-Book 25c 8. Rural Lite 25c 9. Kopp' I- Commercial Calculator 2-=>e 10. Fiiul Brood, by Kohnke 10c 11. Silo and SUage. ny Prof Cook 25c 12. Blenen-Kultur. by Newman 40c DiKjUESi t Colleije] Penn Ave. and Eighth .--t. FITT^B^RQ, I'm. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercia], La- dies Literary. Sbortbabd and Tynewriiing'. Efficient and experienced iDstructors. Day and Nl^fhi eesslons. Send for Catalog. Prof. l^KWIS EDWIN VOKK. Pres. Texas Queens ! By return mall. Beet honey gatherin*r Ptraln in Am rica. l^ntesfpd. 7.ic. "^el-c Warran- ted. $uOO. J. O. GIVE>S, Msbon. Tfx. 9 A*,'fit Mention the American Bee Journal THROAT AND LUNG DISEASES, DR. PEIPO, Specialist Offices: 1019, 100 State St., CHICAGO. Hours 9 to 4. Kee-UeeperM' Pliotog^rapli We have now on band a limited number of ex- cellent photographs of prominent bee-keep- ers— a number of pictures on one card. The likened of 49 of them are shown on one of the photographs, and 121 on the other We will send them, postpaid, for 30 cts. a card, mailing from the 121 kind first: then after they are all gone, we will send the 49 kind. So those who order first will get the most " faces" for their money. Send orders to the Bee Journal ofBce. Please Send TJs the Karnes of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of 'he Bee JotTRNAL. Then please call upon them &ai get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums wp offer. IlIlnolB.— The annual meeting of the Northern Illinois Bee-KeepC'S' A-soclatlon will be held ai the Court Huuse lu Fr^^eport. Tuesday, Aug. i", 1897. n II are C' rdially in- vited. B. Ke.vnedy. Sec. New Milford. III. See the premium uITers on page 465 ! HONEY and BEESWAX niARKiyr qiJoxAxiu:^,^. Chicag'o, III., July 20.— Some few lots of the n w crop ot white comb has come on the market and sold at 12c. Lots not strictly nice may fail to hr np Ibis figure. Very Ittle sale lor extracted honey of any kind. Prices range from 5S6c. for wolte. 4ia5c. for amber, and dark ;ii4c. Bees- ai steady at 26©27c. San Francisco, Calif., July 14.— White comb, 1-lbs., 7 nc: a'nber comb. 4-6c.; ex- tracted, white liquid. 4^4-5c.; extracted, light amber. :)!4-tc.; d:i k tule, 2?iC. Beeswax, fair to choice. 25-20 _■. Cincinnati, Ohio, Jnly 22,— There Is a fair demand or extracted and comb honey. We have disposed already nf anumberof ar- rivals of flue qualit>. We quote 11 H@ 1 3c. as the range for choice c^^mb hooey: 3H@6c. lor extracted. Demand is fair for beeswax at 22@25c, for good to choice yellow. St, Louis, Mo., July S.— Fancy white. 12® 12^c.; No 1 white, il®ll! tion. Buffalo, N. Y , July 6.— Fancy white. 9® 10c. : No 1 whlte.8(S9c ; fan y amber, 7(tf8o.; No. 1 amber, 6@Tc : fancy dark, ."laec; No. 1 dark. 4@5c.: white, extracted, o@6c. Bees- wax. 2;i'i428c. No demand now for either new or old hone}', a t .o it can be sold, of course, at some price. Ililwankee, Wis., July 6.— Fancy white, 12@i:ic.: No 1 white. Il@l2c ; fanch amber. 9@10c.: No. 1 auiicr. 8@flc.: No. 1 dark. 5® 7e. : white, exiratied. 5®Hc. : amber, 4^® 5c. : dark, 4@4Wc. lieesivax 26'S28c. Thesui'ply of honey Is ample for all de- mat. ds, and some old stock is yet on hand t'lai is very hard to move, as quality is poor. The fancy is n- arly all gone. Extracted moved snme during tbe Ust week. Small re- ceipts of new qualitv common We think our market will be in good order for s ip ments of new croi). We hope there will be a markt Improv' ment in quality and package, all along the line. Kansas City, Mo., July 7,— Fancy white, 13-140.: No 1 wttite. 1 -13c.: fancy ambi-r, 11-12C.: No. 1 amber. lO-i \c.\ fancy dark. 9- 10c. ; No. 1 dark, 8-'io : white, extracted. 5- 5!4i.: No. 1 white, lO-llc: fancv amber. 9c.: fancy dark, 6-7c. Beeswax. 28-30c. Hone\ Is moving very slowly; no demand for It whatever. List uf Uuney and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. ClllCBKO, Ills. H. A. BtiKNETT & Co.. 163 South Water Street, New York, N. Y. HiLDRKTH Bros. & Sbohlken. 120 & 122 W. Broadway. Kansas City, lUo. 0. C. Ci,EMOM8 & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnfialo, N. Y. Battkrson & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ills. Chab. Dadant & Son. Pblladelphla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. A. B. Williams & Co.. 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Lonis, no. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St ItllnneapoIlD, minn. 8. H. Hall & Co. miltvankee. Wis. A. V. Bishop Ac Co. BoMton, mass. Blake. Scott cSc Lee , 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, TIlc-li. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich, ludtanapolls, Ind. Walter i. P jao lit. to ; .\I iss .chusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. MCCULLOCH & Co.. 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Ohio. C. F. MrTH& Son. cor. Freeman & Central A vs. ((■■t-enw antl y Bee-Keeper», and at LiOWOHl ITltcs. OllR Falcon Polislit Sections art* warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods, when you can have Ilie beKt— siicli a» we make. The Ainericaii Bee - Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. bAMPLE fKEE— Address, THEW.T.FALCOmMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. I AEISE TO SA7 to the readers of the BEE JOURNAL that I>001jITT£.E bas concluded to eel I — BKKS and QUKENS— in their seaeun, durlOK 1897, at the following prices : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames, in liKhlahippinK-box $6 00 Five Colonies 25 00 Ten Colonies.. ... 45 00 I untested queen, l OCi 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 1000 1 tested Queen ... 1 1 so S " Queens. 3 5o 1 select tested queen 2 uo S " " Queens 4 ou Selectteaied queen, previous season's rearing 4 00 Extra Selected for breeding, the vkht best.. 6OO About a Pound of BKBS In a Two-frame Nacleas, with any Queen, $3.00 extra. 0 ^r circular f ree. RlvtnK full partlcnlars regard- Ing the Bees and eaob class of Queens. Address G. M. DOOLITTLE, llA25t BORODINO. Onnn. Co . N. Y DESCRIPTION and PRICE-LIST of the J\jnl \ltn~,t J^njiiilar Free ?M Honey ■ Extractor on the marfeet. Will save its cost In Time and and Combs in one season. Address, Van Allen & Williams, Barniini, Wis. 8Etf t't*'„tinti tfifi Ainfrirnn Bep InumO'. JB _^ __ -^ — ' r— -^ •—■ -* — -■■ ' B H , — , . , — — -It s !Z^ g — _ 3 ^, G 'S ^ =K''i -C>---'55. te m ^^ 5a *3 ^i94 NO ELASTICITY IN "STEAL." For many years other manufacturers poohed at Our claims for tbe eluNtfv {krinciple in w\iv fenc> inc. We won the race. Thenct-rtainones who lacked various kindsof "principle" also steel, soimht to re™)ver lo^t irround by Ntenllns oiii* principle. As usual, howiwer. It waa found difficult to dlic poMe of Iho sloleii jjoods. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. — «>:xio I'Aiei:- Xo I*liiliMl<-l|>lii:i und IE«-liirn Via the Nickel I'latn Koad and D. L. & W. Hys. account L. A. W. meet. Tickets good going Aug '2nd. :(rd and 4th. Good to return loav- lug Philadelphia up to and InrludluK Aug. !). E.xcellent Dining car service; smooth road- bed and luxurious sleeping (^ars. Call on or address. J. Y. Cali-aiian, Gen'l Agent. Ill Adams Street. Chicago, III. II. Thome, C. P. Ji T. A. Depot 12th and Clark Sts. -* DADANT^S t FOUNDATION Sliiping-Cases and Cans for Honey. WE dJAIC.l.'M'Ii:!: MA'I'I!SIM<"1'I<>:\. Wliitt iiiort- can aiibyody i inches wide. These were placed in alter- nation with the old-style foundation of the same width. The new article was accepted at once, and comb building begun at its bottom edge, and continued down to the bottom of the sec- tion, nearly. In very many instances such combs were nearly completed before the bees did much with the narrow starters of carwmon foundation, which they had gnawed in many cases. In one or two instances, where the supers of full sheets of drawn foundation and full sheets of old founda- tion were placed in alternation over powerful colonies, the old product was not so far behind in the drawing out. (This was the experience of M. 6. Chase; but powerful colonies are not always to be had.) " But," you may ask, " what kind of comb honey does the new drawn foundation make?" I suppose an ordinary fair test would be to compare it with comb honey made from full sheets of foundation. But Mr. Weed was determined to give it a more severe test still. Accordingly he brought in one of the sections completed that had been made from a narrow starter of druwti foundation. The lower portion, or that built by the bees was, of course, natural drone-comb. In my pres- ence he requested two of the printers to turn their backs while he cut a small chunk of comb honey from the natural- built comb, and one that had been completed over the drawn foundation, both from the same sections. Boss printer Hobart then took a mouthful of one, without knowing which one he took. He chewed it down to a piece of wax, and then took a mouthful of the other, and chewed that also. When askt to state whether one was more " gobby " than the other, he an- swered in the affirmative. On being askt which oue it was, he named the second mouthful, which proved to be the nat- ural-built drone-comb. To make sure that there was no mistake, another printer, Mr. Shane, was tried in the same way, only that the order of the mouthfuls was reverst, with the result in favor of the new product again. It seemed to me hardly .possible that the Weed foundation would give more idinble comb honey with less wax than that built wholly by the bees, even tho it were drone-comb. Then the test was applied on me, with the result that I could see quite a markt difference in favor of the Weed. I askt Mr. Shane what he meant by saying that one was more "gobby" than the other. "Why," said he, "one is harder to chew." Now, understand that this honey from the new Weed drawn foundation was put in to test over against comb built wholly by the hccs, but which, as a matter of fact, was drone- comb, and which they usually build for store purposes during the honey-flow. It should be stated that natural-builtdrone is heavier than natural-built worker ; but the bees don't build much worker- comb for store purposes, as already stated. It will be seen that the fear that the comb honey from the new product be more "gobby" is groundless. Later. — After the above was in type we tried again the same experiment that we did on the printers, with the excep- tion that we placed comb honey from foundation in the test. The tasters were A. I. Root, my sister Constance, my mother, three of the machine-shop men who hardly know a bee from a grasshopper, and last, the cook in our lunch-room. The ver- dict of all was that the natural-drawn comb was heavier and more gobby than either the drawn-foundation honey or that built from full sheets of ordinary foundation. As between the last two, the verdict was that there was no difference. Please understand that none of the tasters above mentioned had knowledge beforehand which sample was which. They were tested independently, with the result aforesaid. To-day (July 12) I took home with me a section built wholly from a full sheet of Weed drawn foundation. I cut it out of the section myself. At the point where it was fast- ened to the wood, it seemed to resist the knife considerably ; but beyond this the blade went through the comb without any sensation of midrib, as is present when the comb is built from full sheets of ordinary foundation. Upon eating the comb I could not see how anybody could think it was more gobby than ordinary comb honey. Strange as it may seem, our household do not ordinarily care very ojuch for honey ; but Mrs. Root remarked how nice and tender this comb was. The whole section had delicate comb, and they all pronounce it fine — even the youngest, who sits by "papa." Now, I do not believe that I am prejudiced; and if any one thinks I am, I hope such person will try the experiment of blindfolding two disinterested persons, placing before thera samples of comb honey. That will surely eliminate the ele- ment of prejudice which is so decidedly pronounced on the part of a few of those who have seen fit to oppose the new article. One man condemned the new drawn foundation severely, even before he had tried it. Now, after having tried it on a small scale (three samples from our first dies that were very inferior to our present ones), on the principle of " I told you so," he condemns it just as severely again, saying that bees would not accept it, and that it had an " awful gob" to it. His experience is so opposed to our'own, in the case of dozens of samples I have seen, that I must believe his preju- dice quite ran away with his judgment. A few condemned ordinary fouudation when it was first introduced into this country. They condemned it beforehand, and then con- demned after they had tried it, saying that the bees would not accept it, etc. It is not at all strange that one who has con- demned severely the new drawn foundation should do so now, after having tried it. — CHeanings. Medina Co., Ohio. 486 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5, THE HO.XKV BEE-(Arter " HiaMatlia.'') BT S. C. MARKON. Should you ask me why these lindens, Why these clover-fields and blossoms, Looming up in yonder forest, Scenting all the air around you, Giving refuge to the songsters. Giving shelter to the chanters, Forming homes for many beauties; I should ask you, I should tell you, From that boney-bee that flying, I should have you ask the insects. Ask the humble-bee and red-back. The little tree-toad the speaker. Ask bim as he clings on linden, Ask him if he sees at daybreak Many busy workers flying Through the foliage and halting At the flowers, richly laden With the sweetest, choicest nectar. Ask the busy, chatt'ring squirrel. If while gathering nuts and corn. If he hears, above, about bim. Many roars of gentle thunder; If he feels his tail-hairs blowing Prom the wings of passing workers. I should point you, I should lead you To the woods of beech and maple. To the basswood and the willows, To the home of busy workers. To the home of the honey-bee. See that tree, a sturdy linden. See the still effect of decades, See the weakened, rotten trunk. There a bole has broken midway From its rooting to its summit, Here a hum of life, nigh, unbroken; Climb and watch, and see the inmates, How they keep their room arranged ; See the white and silver wax-comb. See the thousands of good house-wives, All content their part to labor. See the young in waxen cradles. See the kind, attentive worker Thrust her tongue downdup to nourish; See them guard their den of honor. Fearful lest some meaning insect May intrude to kill their young. When the summer sun is shining. See them come and fly afar off, See them circle, above, about. Watch them as they home returning Pant ard tremble from exhaustion ; Watch the guard as she approaches. Watch them as they meet each other. If perchance it be a lost one. See them on its body waver. Notice on the work-r's hind-legs Spots of yellow, brown and golden ; See it glisten, water, sparkle. Like the stars a-shining skyward. This the food for younger members Of this family, wonderful. Onondaga Co., N. Y. CONDUCTED BY OR. O. O. MILLER, MARENGO, ILL, [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct.! Wliicli Betg arc Best ? Which bees are the very best houey-gatherers and extra- good workers— the 3-banded, the leather-colored Italians, or the black bees ? Iowa. Answeh.— You can generally toll something about a man's belief from his prai^lce. I keep bees not for my health, nor for the fun of It, but for the money I can get from the honey. At the present time I have between 200 and ;iOO colonies, and they vary all the way from the very yellowest to those almost black. In a good season there is a good deal of differ- ence In the amount of honey they store. Some of them hardly pay their rent. Last year— and it will probably be much the same this season — an occasional colony hardly stored 20 pounds, while others reacht nearly ten times that amount. I dou't'feel proud of that. If I were a better bee- keeper I wouldn't have any such poor colonies, and there would be greater uniformity in the strength of all. Compar- ing the kinds, and taking those the farthest apart, I find the pure Italians Invariably outstrip those that have the most black blood. But if a colony distinguishes itself particularly in the way of honey-gathering, the chances are that jvill be neither very dark nor pure Italian, but a cross between the two. That might suggest that the best thing would be to breed from this 3ross. But not being a flxt type the fear is that they might rapidly deteriorate. There is a vigor thart comes from a fresh cross that may not continue if that cross is perpetuated. By trying to keep somewhat near pure Ital- ian stock, there is all the time chance enough for the Intro- duction of black blood from surrounding bees. Answering your question then as you put it, I should say that the pure Italians of the leather-colored kind — and they always have the three bands — were decidedly ahead of the blacks as honey-gatherers. But across the water in England, it seems to be different. There they say the blacks excel. Swarm Dcscrling— Use of Alley-Trap —Caring for Em|>ly Combs — Destroying Beea and Sav- ing Honey and Combs. 1. I have been bothered about keeping swarms iu the hives where I put them. I will state the conditions surround- ing them as nearly as I can, and ask if you can tell me why they got up and left. Some were hived in new hives recently painted on the outside only, but dry, filled with full sheets of foundation. The hives were in the sun, but an extra shade- board was provided. Swarms were mostly shaken from a limb at the entrance of the hive, thus getting the whole clus- ter. Others were hived in hives filled with empty combs, which had been fumigated about two weeks before using, hav- ing been well aired, however. Some would stay 24 hours, others only a few hours, when they would get up and leave for parts unknown. 2. I am so situated that I cannot watch for swarms, and think of using Alley's queen-traps next year to save swarms. a. Is It a sure sign that a colony has swarmed to find the trap full of drones, b. What is the best way to find the queen in the trap among the drones when I wish to divide after they have swarmed ? 3. What is the best way to care for empty combs from winter time to swarming time ? 4. If I should wish to destroy a swarm and save the honey and combs, what is the best way to do it ? Northern Illinois. Answers. — 1. The probability is that heat was at the bottom of the trouble. The weather has been unusually hot, and bees will not stand as much heat when freshly hived as they will after being well settled in housekeeping. If it Is hot when they are hived, they seem to say, "Whew! this is almost too much for us older folks to stand ; guess we'd bet- ter get out before there are any babies in the hive to be roasted." But after getting well started they don't want to go and leave their brood. Arguing on this ground, some say It's a good plan to give a frame of brood to a swarm when first hived, for they will not desert It, while others say the frame of brood Is the very thing to make them leave. I suspect that both are right, and If we understood the matter more fully perhaps we could tell just when and under what circumstances the brood would make the bees stay, and vice versa. But the great thing to look out for, when hiving a swarm. Is to see that It has plenty of air. Of course shade Is very Important, and besides giving a shade-board you might have wet the hive and surroundings with water when the day grew 189: THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 487 hot, but in the densest shade they may desert the hive If it is too close. Let it be open as possible at the bottom, ooen if possible on as many sides as the hive has sides, and for a day or two, if the weather is very hot, let the cover be partly off, leaving a good, big crack for the air to pass up through. 2. a. By no means. A strong colony will uearly always — perhaps always — have some drones during the swarming season, and if a queen-trap is put on the hive you may count on finding drones in it, swarm or no swarm, h. There ought to be no difficulty. If the drones are in very large number, let them run into the hive over a board two or three feet long, or over a sheet. The queen can easily be seen in the proces- sion. 3. Probably the very best of all ways is to put them in an empty hive and put the hive under another containing a col- ony of bees. 4. I don't know. Possibly the most humane way would be to chloroform them and throw them in the fire. But I would first brush all bees off the combs and take the combs away, and it might be well to remove the queen three weeks previous, to save the honey that would be used in rearing young bees, and for the sake of having the combs free of brood. Probably sulphur is used more than all other things combined to suffocate bees. Carrying Out Dead Brood. I had a colony of bees that brought out deaa brood at % small rate. But they increast agreat number. June 27 they cast a large swarm, July 9 they cast another swarm, and the 10th another. The first swarm has begun to have hatching brood. I put sawdust in front of the first new hive to see if dead brood was carried nut. Yesterday I noticed a number of dead bees that had not attained their full growth. They have a hive and a SOpound super full of honey. What is the cause •of this dead brood that they have brought out? New York. Answer. — It is hard to say without personal inspection. The most likely thing would be that the bees were blacks, and that wax-worms were present in the hive, altho it would seem very strange for them to be present in sufficient force in a hive well populated by a recent swarm. That the origi- nal colony should be strong enough to cast a large swarm seems to indicate that the loss of numbers from the death of the young bees is not a very serious matter. A Stray Swarm — Colony Deserlinff. 1. Last winter there was a man lived in our tenement bouse across the road, and last April when he moved away he left his empty bee-hives stackt beside the grapevines. Last Tuesday a swarm of bees lit on the vines, and.then went into one of these empty hives. Now, what I would like to know Is, whose bees are they? 2. One of my neighbors had a new colony leave the hive and go off, after they had filled it with honey. Can you ac- count for it? This is one of the best honey seasons ever known here. We are having terribly hot weather, the thermometer regis- tering 102- in the shade. There have been quite a number of sunstrokes. Not much rain. New York. Answers. — 1. I can hardly venture a guess. If the swarm came from one of John Smith's colonies, and John Smith had followed it and kept it in sight until it entered the hive, then I suppose John could claim it as his. But in the present case it seems to be a stray swarm with no previous owner in the case, and the question is whether the swarm be- longs to the owner of the premises or the owner of the hive. If I should venture an opinion, it would be that the swarm belongs to the owner of the hive, providing he is paying rent to have his hives occupy their position, but if tbey are merely there by the sufferance of the owner of the land, then the swarm belongs to the owner of the land. This opinion is, however, subject to reversal by any higher court, and it isn't necessary for the court to be very high, for this court is a bee- keeper and not a lawyer. 2. No, I can't. For a colony of bees to desert a hive just after filling it with honey seems to be a caseof total depravity in bee-life. I wonder just a little whether it might not have been a case of swarming. That might be, for sometimes a swarm is lodged in a hive and itself sends out a swarm as soon as conditions allow. Honey on meal Tor Bccn — Inserting In a (tucenlcs§ Colony. Quecn.Cclls 1. The books suggest feeding meal to bees by placing honey on the meal. Will not this induce robbing ? 2. It is also suggested that colonies or nuclei should be queenless for 24 hours before inserting queen-cells. In the meantime, should the capt queen-cells be allowed to remain in the hive where reared ? Unless carefully timed in each pro- ceeding, will the queens not be liable to hatch and cause trouble? California. Answers. — 1. Not very likely. Only a small quantity of honey need be used, and as soon as that is consumed the bees are expected to go on with the meal. Besides, the feeding Is at some distance from the hives. * 2. If there are present in the hive queen-cells older than the ones you insert, you may feel pretty sure that the latter ones will be destroyed. If you want the bees to respect the sealed cells you insert, remove all others that are older, the safe plan being to remove all other sealed cells. Hive-Entrances When Supers are On. I am a constant reader of the American Bee Journal, and take great interest in bees. I begun this summer with 4 colo- nies in old gums, and now have lO in Dovetailed hives, and have supers on most of them. The bees are working in the sections nicely. I have pure Italian queens in all of them. Should the entrance be opened larger when supers are on than it is when the super is not on ? Some of my bees seem to be crowded and laying out, and I put supers on and they lay out more, I believe, so I opened the entrance more, which seems to help the matter. Is it best to have full' length en- trances? Tennessee. Answer.— It is hardly probable that the- bees hung out more becouse supers were put on, altho they may have hung out more after they were put on. The hanging out was probably the result of heat and larger numbers, altho it may also have come from other causes such as a letting up of the harvest giving the bees less to do, or an inclination to swarm. In any case, it's a good thing to give the bees plenty of air when you put on supers, and you can hardly overdo the matter so long as you give the air from below. Yes, full length entrances are none too large, and it may be still better to raise the hive at the four corners, so the air can enter on all four sides. Of course that it is possible only with loose bottom-boards. Xbe Horse— Ho-w to Break and Handle.— This is a pamphlet of 82 pages, giving complete instructions for breaking and educating colts, teaching horses to drive, and for use under the saddle, together with many instructions which have never before been publisht, and which are the re- sult of the author's experience covering a period of 20 years. By Prof. Wm. Mullen, with whom the editor of the Bee Jour- nal is personally acquainted. Price, postpaid, 20 cents ; or given as a premium for sending us one new subscriber to the Bee Journal for the rest of the year at 50 cents. Back Numbers Since Jan. i.— We are able to supply complete sets of the Bee Journal since Jan. 1, 1897, to any who may desire, at two cents per copy. There are a number of new' readers who perhaps would like to get some of the first numbers of this year, to complete their volume for 1897. We shall be glad to furnish them as long as they last, at two cents each. 488 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5. CBORCE: W. YORK, - Editor. pnBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, 118 Mlclilsaa St., - CHICAGO. IJ.T,. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. [Bntered at the Post-Offlce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mail-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers^ Ujiioji. Organized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture; to promote the interests of bee-keepers ; to protect its members ; to preveTit tlie adulteration ot honey; Hnd to prosecute the dishonest lioney-cominisaion men. Membership Fee-$1.00 Per annum. Exeautive Committee. President — Geobge W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Whitcomb. Secretakt— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Boarrf of Directors, E. R. Root. E. Whitcomb. E. T. Abbott. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller. C. P. Dadant. Generai ilJanag-er an€l Treasurer. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. Next Annual meeting at Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 24-26, 1897. VoLinyil. CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. M897, No, 31, Editorial Con)n}cr)i^^ Quoting- tlie Honey Market.— It will be inter- estiug to note the market quotations on honey in the various cities the next six months. It is also interesting to note the evident desire on the part of a certain class of dealers to over- quote the market, or quote prices above the actual — appar- ently iu order to induce shipment'! of honey. That was the Horrie-Wheadon scheme here in Chicago in 1895 and 189l). And it workt well, too. They just got piles of honey ; and the shippers got — well, they got beautifully "left" in many in- stances. We noticed about two weeks ago the Chicago market was being quoted to beekeepers something like this : Fancy white comb honey at 14 cents ; No. 1 white, 12 to 13 cents; and amber comb honey at llj^ to 12}^ cents. Upon learning this, we referred the quotations to a large and responsible honey-dealing firm, requesting their opinion concerning the figures as given for this market at that time. Here Is their reply : Chicago, III., July 26, 1897. George W. York, Esq. — Deur Sir : — You ask for our opinion : To write It to you at this time would simply be a repetition of what you and we have long ago agreed upon, namely, that the purpose of It Is to Induce people to send their property because of the necessi- ties of the solicitors. These necessities need not necessarily exist because the solicitor requires food for his physical neces- sities, but may be a mental trait or desire which has become as much of a necessity as dire material needs. Hence we must unite our strength and prevent those less well-informed than ourselves from becoming the victims of unprincipled vendors and self-styled personal representatives. We trust you will give all such communications as come to you, space in the American Bee .Journal, thus making it as a medium between the city as a place of market and the rural districts which supply the necessaries that make city life possible, a valuable auxiliary. The honey supply to-day here is in excess of the demand that will probably be found for the coming two weeks, and advices are such as to warrant us in saying that there is double the quantity of honey en route as compared with this day one week ago. Our market to-day is easy at 12 cents for fancy white clover comb honey. Yours truly, Honey-Dealbrs. We need only say further : Don't allow yourselves to be influenced by high market quotations. If you do, the result will be that your honey crop will be shipt, and when returns are received, in nine cases out of teu, you will be compelled to take just what the irresponsible commission-man feels like sending you, or perhaps what he really can get for you by reason of a lower market than he quoted, of course claiming that prices have gone down since certain high quotations were made. There are many ways to crawl out of a bad deal, and no one understands the crawllng-out process better than the unprincipled commission-man. Again we say : Don't ship honey to irresponsible city commission firms. Better give your honey to your less fortu- nate neighbors, than to help keep in existence the scheming, defrauding, good-for-nothing class of city fellows that live by swindling the honest, hard-working farmers. But, remember, there are reliahle commission-men in every city, and our deuunclatlons, of course, do not apply to them. We are striving to help the deserving firms by driving out the other kind. Xlie Season of 1897 is thus referred to by Editor Hutchinson, of the Review : A good season for honey is the present one. I think I have never seen white clover more abundant, altho I have_ seen it yield more generously ; but, so near as I can learn, the country over has had an abundant honey crop — something as it was in the years gone by, those years that some feared would never return. It is a pleasure to know that Natu'e is yet capable of bringing about those conditions that will result in a crop of honey. It looks as tho an abundance of rainfall (or snow) for several months previous to the honey season has been the one thing lacking In the last few years. The Oniala Exposition in 1898 will do well by the bee-keepers, it seems. Mr. E. P. Newhall, an Omaha bee-keeper, has kindly sent us a clipping taken from the daily Omaha Bee, dated July 23. Mr. J. M. Young, another Nebraska bee-man and correspondent of the American Bee Journal, sent us a similar clipping, which says that the apiary building and Its exhibits are the subjects of consideration at the hands of the management of the Transmisslsslppi Exposi- tion at this tiine. At the last meeting of the Executive Com- mittee, the Department of Buildings and Grounds was author- ized to ask for competitive drawings for this building, and the Department Is now making investigations Into the question of the most approved plans for buildings designed for this pur- pose. Local architects will be askt to submit drawings as soon as it has been determined what manner of building will best answer the purpose. This is a matter in which the hundreds of bee-keepers in that section are vitally Interested. The Iowa State commis- sion was especially Inquisitive about the arrangements which were to be made for the display of exhibits representing the extensive apiary Interests of that State, and representatives of the Nebraska bee-keepers have been Inquiring Into the matter. Iowa stands near the head of the list of States in the extent of her apiary interests and tho amount of business represented. Nebraska Is not far behind, and is rapidly forg- ing to the front. Mr. O. W. Hervey, one of the best local authorities on bees and apiarian Interests generally, was at Exposition head- 2tb7. YHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 489 quarters on July 22, consulting with the Department of Ex- hibits reKarding apiary exhibits. Mr. Hervey stated that the apiarian interests of Nebraska are rapidly increasing, and will soon compare favorably with any State in the Union. He said there are now about 1,000 bee-keepers in Nebraska, and they have been remarkably successful in increasing their stock of bees, owing partly to the fact that the entire section has been singularly free from the diseases which usually at- tack the industrious little insects. The recent scourge which swept across the section immediately contiguous to Omaha, Mr. Hervey stated, was confined almost entirely to Omaha and a small section adjacent ; aside from this he said there had been no general disease among the bees of that State. He also said that Nebraska has a larger variety of honey-plants than any other State in the Union, and these conditions will undoubtedly result in a very large increase in the apiarian in- terests in the near future. It is generally believed among bee-men that Hon. E. Whit- comb, of Friend, will be appointed by the Nebraska Exposi- tion commission to have charge of the apiary section of Nebraska's exhibit. Mr. Whitcomb was President of the Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association for a long time, and was in charge of the State's apiarian exhibit at the World's Fair. Mr. Whitcomb is also Vice-President of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, and a member of the Board of Directors. The Department of Exhibits authorizes the official an- nouncement that it contemplates erecting the cases for in- stalling the exhibits in the apiary building, and will charge exhibitors .Si. 50 per square foot for floor space in these cases. This is regarded as a most reasonable charge, and the announcement is made to correct a rumor which had been cir- culated among bee-men to the effect that a rate of SIO per foot was to be charged them for space. Still Figftiting- S'weet Clover.— In Gleanings for July 15, we find a letter from an Illinois farmer who, with his neighbors, are doing their best to exterminate sweet clover, believing it to be a •' noxious weed." This particular farmer helpt to sow the first sweet clover seed in his locality, and now regrets it, and wants to know the best way to totally destroy it. Mr. A. I. Root gives such a good reply to the let- ter in question, that we take pleasure in copying the greater part of it, which is as follows : My good friend, you and your neighbors are certainly making a big mistake. I have studied sweet clover all over the State of Ohio and in other States, but I have never yet found it in iiasture lots, in meadows, or in cultivated field?. I cannot see why it should be called a noxious weed any more than common red clover, unless it is that horses and cattle must iearn to eat it before they take to it as readily as they do to red clover. But this is not at all strange, for cattle iu Florida will not eat corn until they have been taught. Sweet clover is in our neighborhood, along the roads, as high as the the fences, hui iwuhere else. It grows on the dry, hard clay banks by the sides of the railroads, where no other weed can find a foothold ; but my richly-cultivated ground is also right along by the railroad. Just over the fence, and yet our boys will tell you they never find sweet clover as a weed anywhere. If you and your friends will cut your clover when it is knee- high, or a little more, you will find it will make excellent hay ; and if it were really desirable to banish it from the roaasides, the matter is easily accomplisht by cutting it off before it goes to seed. Teach your neighbors to use this valuable clover, and all prejudice will soon disappear. Put a fence around it and turn the cattle right in — that is, if cattle are not per- mitted on the roadside — and see how quickly it will disappear. If you want the ground for other crops, turn it under with a chain as you would ordinary red clover, and you will find it worth as much as or more than any other clover known, as a fertilizer. I am surprised that you say nothing in regard to its value as feed, for I am convinced that some of your horses and cat- tle have already acquired a taste for it and a liking for it ; and their " opinion " in the matter is certainly unbiast. I do not know why in the world you should go to the trouble of trying to cut off the thick old stalks with a hoe. If you really want to get rid of it, wait till next spring, when the old stalks will all be dead and gone; then plow under, pasture off, or cut the young shoots before they get too far along to be tough and hard. We have between 15 and 20 acres under cultivation, and sweet clover is growing high and rampant all around my cul- tivated fields. Yes, it is at this writing (July 6| six feet or more, and has been growing so for years past, tho we never find it in our strawberries at all, while other weeds are a ter- rible nuisance just about fruiting time. In traveling I have talkt with others, and askt questions in regard to the habits of the plant; but I have nowhere seen it behave any dlffer- erently from what it does here. Perhaps if these mistaken Illinois farmers knew what a fine honey-plant sweet clover is, they'd begin to keep bees and gather in some of its sweetness for their tables, rather than spend their time in trying to destroy it. It seems unaccount- ably strange that some otherwise sensible people will pass un- noticed ragweed and other useless weeds, and then work them- selves into a perfect frenzy when they see the harmless and valuable sweet clover growing on the roadside. But sweet clover will go right on proving a blessing to the bee-keeper, and also to the farmer who has learned to recognize in it one of his best friends. Ti)c Weekly Budgets Mr. Oscar Kerns, of Caldwell Co., Mo., was in our office last week. He is a local bee-supply djaler, and also a very practical honey-producer, running several out-apiaries. Very busy man, but he "gets there," every time. Mr. a. Y. Baldwin, of Dekalb Co., 111., gave us a short call July 2b. He reported his bees doing extremely well this year, some colonies already yielding over 100 pounds of comb honey each. He will sell in the home market at a low or reasonable price, rather than take his chances in the larger markets. Wise man. Dr. C. C. Miller was greatly honored as well as adver- tised in the Chicago Daily News for the evening of July 28. They had him nicely pictured, and about a column article tell- ing about his bees and varied work. But they did him only simple justice — couldn't very well speak too highly of Dr. Miller, as all bee-keepers know. The Central Texas Convention was held at Cameron, July 16 and IT. We are informed that 4:2 bee-keepers were in attendance, and the officers elected were these : President, Judge E. Y. Terral ; Vice-President, O. P. Hyde ; and Secre- tary, C. B. Bankston, of Cameron, Tex. We expect soon to publish a report of the meeting. Dr. E. Gallup, of Orange Co., Calif., writing us July 22, said : " My bees are doing splendidly — 9-1 colonies — now crawl- ing along up to the 100, where I set my stakes last spring.'" For a " young man " over 75 years old, that is a pretty large apiary to take care of. But being in California — that land of wonders — we need not be surprised at it. They do great things out there— that's one of their natural habits ! Mr. H. G. Quirin, of Huron Co., Ohio, writing July 28, asks us to take out his advertisement for awhile, for the fol- lowiag excellent reason : " I have urgent business on hand which has prevented my working with the bees for some time. This business is run- ning down and bringing to justice )toney-thieves. My honey- 490 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5, house was broken into last week and a lot of honey carried off. I have succeeded In landing three behind prison-bars, and expect to get several more shortly. And now, as I have caught them, or at least part of them, I expect to see to it that they go where they belong. There is no use in producing a nice lot of honey and then let some thief come at midnight and carry it off ; and I might as well include honey aduUcra- tors and fraudulent commission-meii. The bee-keepers of the United States seem to be In a state of letharuv- To stop this kind of work there must be action." We are glad Mr. Quirin Is showing the thieving fellows that he means business. If he makes a good example of them, it will put a stop to that kind of "In-Quirln"' around his place, and perhaps serve as a lesson to others. Mr. J. T. Cai.vert, of The A. I. Root Co., called on us last Friday, when on his return from California. He arrived at our office abDut 10 a.m., and left at 7 p.m. the same day, expecting to reach bis Ohio home the next morning, about 8 o'clock. He had been away five weeks, and had had a great trip. In the afternoon, Mr. L. Kreutzinger, the largest Chi- cago bee-keeper, with 150 colonies about (i miles northwest of the court house, took Mr. Calvert and the writer in his carriage out to see his bee-yard, which is located in the midst of hundreds of acres of sweet clover, now in full bloom. He should harvest a large crop of honey. He thought there was then (July 80) 8,000 pounds on the hives. Later we hope to show a picture of Mr. K.'s bee-yard. Mr. E. E. Hasty, it seems by the July Review, is an ac- tive member of some "mutual admiration society,'' judging from this sincere sentence, which appeared in his last "View of Current Bee-Writings :" "I honestly believe. Friend Hutchinson, you need less alteration to make you into the new model editor than any bee-editor we have." Well, Editor Root (E. R.), that settles it, so far as you are concerned. You might as well slop trying to be a "model editor." Need too much " alteration." Why, just think of It, with so many other editors — besides our friend Hutchinson — needing less "alteration," what possible chance can there be for you? There are Editors Holtermann, Abbott, Leahy, Merrill, " Mr." Jennie Atchley, etc., to compete with. Well, you might just as well give up right now, and try to be con- tent with never being a "new model editor" — but just plod on as best you can. It's discouraging, but then, such is life. P. S. — Later. — Hold on ! Perhaps you can yet hope to become an old "model editor" — if you live long enough! Still, it may be that some began to edit before you did. No use, Editor Boot ; you're not " In It." The Bufialo Cuti'vention ISotice has been sent us by Secretary Mason, and reads as follows : Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, July 5, 1897. Mii. Editor :— Will you please say In the next issue of the American I5ee Journal that the next annual convention of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union will be held in the Main Hall of Caton's Business College, corner of Main and Huron Streets, in Buffalo, N. Y., commencing at U) o'clock, a.m., of Aug. 24 next, and closing on the afternoon of the 26th ? Papers are to be read by \V. Z. Hutchinson, R. F. Holter- mann, E. Whitcomb, Hon. R, L. Taylor, Mrs. L. Harrison, R. C. Aikin, G. M. Doolittle, Dr. J. P. II. Brown, Hon. Eugene Secor, Geo. \V. Brodbeek, M. B. Holmes, A. E. Manum, E. Kretchmer and P. H. Elwood ; to which will be added the President's Address, and perhaps the General Manager and the Secretary may have something of interest to present. The programs are now printed and in the hands of the Secretary. There are six bee-keepers' songs, with music. In the program, and abundance of time is allotted to the discus- sion of ail papers, and for the asking and answering of ques- tions. Any one not a member of the Union can have a program sent them by mail on receipt of 5 cents In postage stamps by the Secretary. Several of our well known bee-keepers, such as A. I. Root, Dr. Miller, S. T. Pettit and others who are not on the pro- gram, will be present to help make the convention interesting and instructive. It is probable that suggestions will be made at this con- vention In the line of so amending the constitution of the Union as to remove Its objectionable features and add such other provisions as may seem desirable, and suggestions in this line by those not able to be at the convention can be sent to the Secretary, to be brought before it. Some suggestions have already been received by the Secretary, and others have been made in the bee-papers. Those going to the convention should buy round-trip tickets to the Grand Army of the Republic encampment (not to the United States Bee-Keepers' convention), which meets at Buffalo during the last week of August. The G. A. R. have secured a rate of one cent a mile each w.iy in the terri- tory of the Central Passenger Committee, whicti is included by Toronto, Canada, thence on a line to Port Huron, Mich., all of the southern peninsula of Michigan ; Chicago, Peoria and Quincy, HI., St. Louis, Mo., Louisville, Ky., and Pitts- burg, Pa. The Western Passenger Association and the Trunk Line Association make a rate of one fare for the round-trip In their territory to places in the Central Passenger Associa- tion, from which points the fare will be one cent a mile each way, but tickets must be purchast to Buffalo from the start- ing point. Enquire of your ticket or station agent in all ter- ritory outside of the above-named for rates and the time the tickets are good for, for I have been unable to learn the rates in such territory, but presume it will be the same as that of the Western Passenger and the Trunk Line Association; but be sure to inquire of your ticket agent as above suggested. In the Central Passenger and Trunk Line territory tickets will be good going on the 2 1st, 22nd and 23rd, and if vised at Buffalo will be good, returning, for 80 days. Mr. 0. L. Hershiser, of Buffalo, has charge of arrange- ments at Buffalo, and will attend to the matter of hotel rates. He writes : " I purpose obtaining accommodations in private families for all bee-keepers who prefer such to hotels." Mem- bers of the Union can learn in regard to hotel rates by apply- ing to the Secretary at the place of meeting. If known in time, hotel rates will be given in the bee-periodicals. A. B. Mason, Sec. The Buffalo Programs are going out nicely at the 5-cent rate. When one thinks of the half-dozen bee-songs that go with it — and all for only 5 cents— why, he will of course send for a copy. Address the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, who will mall you as many of the programs as you may want at price named. Better get a copy In advance of the convention, and learn the sougs so that when you get to Buffalo you can help sing them. We expect Dr. Miller to be there to play them, and show us all just how they ought to be sung. But we can all learn the melodies before going, and be ready to join in the " swelling chorus " in the convention ball. Encyclopedia for Beeswax.—Some timeago we offered a splendid work of eight large volumes, called "The New Standard American Encyclopedia," having nearly 4,000 pages, and over 800 colored maps, charts, and diagrams. Size of volume, 2 inches thick, Shi wide, and 1 1 X long. As per that offer, last publlsht on page 181), the eight volumes were offered by freight for only $iy cash. We can furnish a set or two at that price, bound in half morroco ; or will ex- change a set for 75 pounds of yellow beeswax, delivered at our olBco. You would be more than satisfied with the En- cyclopedia, and a sot of such books ought to be in every family for reference. A. BJcw Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, wo propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It Is called "The Wood Binder," Is patented, and Is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should got it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are Invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. < ■ » Noiv is the Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offers made on page 481 ? 189', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 491 BEE-BOOKS SENT ruSTl'AlD BV George W. York & Co., Chicago, Ills. Beea and Ilouey. or Managemeut of on Apiary for Pleasnre and I'rutlt, by TIioiuum G. Newman.— rWs edition has been hirKely rewritten. thorouKhly revised, and Is •■ fully up with the times " In all the tmprovementa and Inventions lu this rapldly-devel- oplnp pursuit, and presents the apiarist with everythhik' that can aid In the successful manntre- ment of uM Hillary, and at the same time produce the niowt lioiiL'y In an attractive cundUlon. It con- tains 2JU pai,'es. and 21a Illustrations— Is beautifully printed In the hltrhest style of the art, and bound In cloth, gold-lettered. Price, $1.00. linnffstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised by Dadant— This classic In bee-culture, has been entirely rewritten, and ts fully Illustrated. It treats of everything relating to bees and bee-kcep- tng. No aplarhin library Is complete wlthimt this standard work by Uev. L. L. J.anL'Btnith — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It has jiiO pages; bound lu cloth. Price, postpaid, 81.25. Bee-K.e2pera* Oulde» or Manual of the Apiary, by I'rof A. J Cook, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.— This book Is not only Instructive and helpful as a guide In bee-keeping, but Is Interesting anueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's way. 17f> pageSi bound la cloth, and tllastrated. Price. Jl-OO. A B C or Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopjedla of 400 pages, describing everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains SOO engravlnt's. It was written especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, 11.25. Advanced Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and Management, by VV. Z. Hutchinson.— The author of this work la too well known to need further description of his book. He Is a practical and entertaining writer. You should read his book. 90 pages, bound In paper, and Illustrated. Price, 60 cts. Rational Bee-K.eep1nK, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest (ierman bookoa bee-culture. It has 350 pages; bound In paper covers. Jl.OO Blenen-Knltur, by Thomas G. Newnan. - This Is a German translation of theprlnclpf' por- tion of the book called Bees of Honev. 10^ page pamphlet. Price, 4U cents. Convention Hnnd-Book, for BeeKeepers. -^ Thomas G. Newman.— It contains tlie parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for discussion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 2o cts. Tlilrtr Vears Among tlie Bees, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience In rearing queen-bees. Very latest work of the kind. Nearly ilkj pages. Price. 50c. Why Eat Honey ?— This Leaflet is intend- ed for FREE distribution, to create a Local Market. lOOcopiea, by mail, ancts.: 500 forSl.'J.^; 1000, $2.00. How to Keep Honey and preserve its richness and flavor. Price same as Why Eat Honey. Alsike Clover Ijeaflet.— Full dlrectlone forgrowmg. SOfor^Scts.; 100 for 40 cts.; ^00. 70c. Aptary Restsler, by Thos. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather binding. Price, for 50 colonies. 11.00; for iw colonies, $1.25. Frepuration or Honey Tor the Market* Including the production and care of comb and extracted honey. A chapter from Bees ant Honev. Price. 10 cents Bee-Pusturuse a Xeeeialty.- This twok sug gesta what and how to plan It Is a chapter fron Bees and Honev. Price. 10 centa. Tbe Hive 1 Use, by G. M. Doollttle. It details bis management of bees, and methods of producing: comb honey. Price. 5 cents. Dr. Howard's Book on Fonl Brood. -Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews the ex- periments of others. Price, 25 cts. Dictionary ofAplcnltnretby Prof. John Phin. Gives the correct meaning of nearly 500 a pi* ultural terms. Price. 50 cts. lil'lntcr Problem in Bee-Keeplnjr. by G. B. Pierce. Result of 25 years' experience. 30 eta. Handling Bees* by Chas. Dudant & Son.— A Chapter from Langstroth Revised. Price, u cts. Hlfitory of Bee-Associations, and Brief Re- orts of the Orst 20 conventions. Price 15 cts Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.- Its Cause and Prevention. Price. 10 cts. Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price 10 cts. Practical HIuIm to Bee-Kee-Keepers- by Chas. F. Muth. Also contains a Foul Brood Cure and How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts. Bee-Koepint; lor Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Ileviaed and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to gel the largest yields of comb or extracted iRmey." 80 p.; iUustraied. 2r)C. EinerHon Binders, made especially for the BEE JoiTRNAi.. are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price. 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C. Kopp.— A ready Calculator. Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman should have it. No. Inbound in water proof leatherette, call tlnish. Price. 4n cts. No. 2 in tine artitlcial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price, 60 cts. Green'M Four Books^ by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to. 1st, How We Made the Old Farm Pay ; 2nd. Peach Culture; 3rd. How to Propagate Fruit- Plants, Vines and Trees; 4lh. General Fruit In- structor. Nearly 120 pages. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Clardcn and Orchard, by Cbiis. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning. Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation, Cold Storage, Ktc. 94 pages, illus- trated. Price, 25 cts. Kendall's Horse-Book* — 35 pictures, showing positions ol sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Silo and Silage, by Prof. A, J. Cook.— It gives the method in operation at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 2a cts. l^umber and Ijog-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. ITIaple Sn^ar and the Sug-ar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, ^5 cts. Grain Tables, for casting" up the price of grain, produce, hay, etc. Price, 25 cts. Capons and Caponizing:, by Dr. Sawyer, Fanny Field, and others.— Illustrated. All about caponizing fowls, ana thus how to make the most money in poultry-raising. 64 pages. Price, 30 cts. Onr Poultry Doctor, or Health In the Poultry Yard and How to Cure Sick Fowls, by Fanny Field,— Everything about Poultry Diseases and their Cure. 64 pages. Price, 3u cts. Poultry for ITIarket and Poultry for Profit, by Kanny Field.— Tells everything about the Poultry Business. 64 pages. Price, 25 cts. Turkeys for lYIarket and Turkeys for Profit, by Fanny Field.— All about Turkey-Raising. 64 pages. Price. 25 cts. Rural Eiife.— Bees. Poultry, Fruits, Vege- tables, and Household Matters, loo pages. 25 cts. Potato Culture, by T. B. Terry.— It tells how to grow them protitably. Price, 40 cts. Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.— Hints about eating, drinking, etc. Price, 25 cts. Bee-Keepers' Directory, by H. Alley.— Latest methods in Queen-Rearing, etc. Price. 5uc. Book Clubbing Oilers. (Bead Carefully) The following: clubbing prices Include the American Bee Journal one year with each book named. Remember, that only one book can be taken In each case with the Bee Jour- nal a year at the prices named. If more books are wanted, see postpaid prices given with the description of the booljs on this page. FoUowlngls the clubblng-llst: 1. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee J2.00 2. A B Cof Bee-Culture 2.00 3. Bee-Keeper'sGulde 1.75 4. Bees and Honey 1 Cloth boundl 1.65 5. Doollttle's Sclentlflc Queen-Kearlng. 1.75 6. Dr. Howard's Fnul Brood Book 1.10 7. Advanced Bee-Culture 1.30 9. Bieneu-KuUur [German] 1.20 11. Rational Bee-Kieplng|.Papertoundl 1.75 12. Thirty Years Among the Bees 1.30 13. Bee-keeping for Profit 1.15 14. Convention Hand-Book 1.15 15. Poultry for Market and Profit 1.10 16. Turkeys for Market and Profit 1.10 17. Capons and Caponizing 1.10 18. Our Poultry Dot-tor 1.10 19. Green'sFour Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 23. Rural Life 1.10 24. Emerson Binder forthe Bee Journal. 1.60 23. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 30. Potato Culture 1.20 32. Hand-Ilook ol Health 1.10 33. Dictionary of Apiculture., 1.35 34. Maple 8utriir unci tbe Sugar Bush — 1.20 33. Silo and Slliige.. 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeplng 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies) 1.75 38. Apiary Regl»(er (for 100 colonies) . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 10 sist discount 1 have a Large Quantity of Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipi'INO- Cases at 10 per cent, discount from list price. Cases holding 15 sections. $5.00 per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for Prlce-Llst. ■W. J. STAH.TIANN, Weaver, I«Iinn, Mention the American Bet JmirnaL 25A8t ]Vlllil/c< HONEY-EXTRACTOR iflUlll N Square Glass Jars. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Supplies in general, etc etc Send tor our new catalog. Practical Mlnlti " will be mailed for 10c. lu stamps. Apply to— Chas. r. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Honey - Clovers I We have made arrangements so that we can furnish seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: ^_ SB) lOIb 25B) 501b Alsike Clover.. 70 $1.25 $3.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4.00 White Clover 90 1.60 3.75 7.00 Alfalfa Clover 60 1.00 2.23 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .90 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, If wanted by freight. Your orders are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. raADB EASY TRANSFERRING If you contemplate buying either three or five band Italian Queens, simply write for my pamphlet. If you need some of the best now, send 75 cts. for one. $4.00 for six, or $7.50 per doz.— and full Instructions for Introducing, as well as the best methods known for securing' good cells win be sent free. Money Order ollice— Warrenton. W. H. PBIDGEN, 21A13t Cheek, Warren Co., N. C. Mentior, ins Arrienca-n, Bee jovjr'oaic -60c each; 6 for $3.00. ITALIAN QUEENS ■•Good Yellow Ones' l-LBi HONEY-JARS $» 50 per gross. Catalog of Apiarian Supplies free. I. J. STRIXGHAM, 105 Park Place. NEW YORK. N.Y. APIARY— Glen Cove, L. 1. Menticrn ine American Bee JcumaL For tlie C A. R. Kncampment To be held at Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 23 to 28 In- clusive, will be sold over the Nickel Plate Road at $10.50 for the round trip. Good going Aug. 21st, 22nd and 23rd. The Nickel Plate Road is the short line be- tween Chicago and Buflalo, and Is equlpt with the most modernly constructed day coaches and luxurious sleeping and dining cars. Colored lorters are in charge of the day coaches, and the facilities for the comfort of patrons Is unsurpast. Commander-in-Chief Clarkson has selected this line for the trans- portation of himself and staff, and respect- fully Invites h;s comrades to Join him, Mr. J. Y. Calahan. General Agent, 111 Adams St.. Chicago, 111., will be pleased to furnish all information in regard to train service, etc. Depot, 12th and Clark Sts. 20 492 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5, ARE VOL' SF.i:Ki:Vi» iti:4'Ki:Ariu:v during the summer months ? If so. send for Summer Outings along- the line of the Nickel Plate Koad, from which you will be able to select quiet and picturesque resorts wtih fa- cilities for Kood flshinjf and bathing. Elegant- ly equipt coaches : luxurious sleeping cars and unexcelled Dining Car Service. Three through trains dally between Chicago and the East. Address, J. T. C.\IjL.\han, Gen'l Agent, 111 Adams St.. Chicago, 111. Qerjeral Iten^s* Never Did So Well. I have kept bees for the last five years, but they never did so well as this season. August Buchhagen. Jefferson Co., Ohio, July 26. Bees Doing Fine. I have about 60 colonies of bees, and can't get aloos without the American Bee Journal. My bees are doing fine this year. I live close to the Scioto Valley, and they are now working on sweet clover and catnip naostly. I have some as fine Italian bees as there are in the State. Joel Pendekgrass. Pike Co., Ohio, July •2,1. Marketing- Honey. Years ago I made up my mind that the best package to put e.^ttracted honey in was the Mason quart jar. As they rep- resent so much cash, if one does not want to out up fruit or jelly in them they are always worth so much money. When I commenced producing extracted honey here in 1876 I got 12 to 15 cts. per lb. for it. The price gradually decreast until, when the hard times of 18'.)o struck us, I found that, if I wanted to sell my honey. 1st or 2nd grade, I had to put the price so that it was not a lux- ury, but necessary— so low that it was nearly the price of syrup ; so that now I keep in all the groceries of this place of 2i»00 inhabitants, quart Mason jars of 2nd grade, with a neat label on, which they retail at 20 cents. ; and I let the stores have them for IS cts., and lake it in trade. I know that I do not buy any- thing these hard times unless I need it and it is cheap ; so it is with others. We must reduce the price or keep our honey. —Dr. S. S. Butler, of California, in Gleanings. Honeyed Kisses, Etc. Talk about honey ! you just ought to have seen the new crop. First, I put one super on that middle hive, and soon after put on another, just to have it there. That was three weeks ago, be- fore an ounce of honey could be seen in either super. Well, last evening I concluded I'd change the supers about, put the lower one on top, and the top one below. Say ! It was all I could do to lift It, and when I had gotten the bees smoked o(f its sur- face there were revealed to mo :i2 sec- tions of as solid clover honey as you ever laid eyes on ! Remember that fine sam- ple of honey yau took to the Toronto convention ? Well, this looks fully as attractive. The second super is being rapidly Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish liVllite Altalfa Extracted Honey, in 60-pound tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, 73^ cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, %'^i cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Basswood Flavor Honey at same price; also In 270-lb. barrels. ^W A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Micliigan Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. ^^^°?^^?bonsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of the Largfest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For Sections, the clearest and -wtiitest BasS'WOOd is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please mention the Ame- icj.a Bee .TournHl. 7Atf BEE-KEEPERS SUPPLIES "We make The Very Finest Line of in tlie Market, and sell them at Low Prices. !^encl for Free IlliislratccI Calalo;; and l>ricc-Lii»t. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special AgHit for the Southwest"^- ^- ^^^%^ Joseph, mo. Iflr. Ahboit sells our Hives and Sections at Fat-lory Prices. That dueen-Clipping Device Free I Works Like a Ciiarm. The Monette Queen-Cilpplne: Device wouks MKE A CHARM. With It I have clipped 30 queens, all in one day. when e.xamlnlng my bees. Wm. SToi.i.Ey, Grand Island, Nebr. rotildii't Do Without It. I have clipped 19 ijueuns. and must say the Monette Queen-Clipping Device Is by far the best Invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-keepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without t)ne now. Dk, Geo. Lacke, Newburgh, Ind, PLEASE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us pisl aiir iieii> nainr for the American Bee Journal a year (with $1.00), and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Devii-e fkee of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for ao ets. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn SO cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. isy, THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 493 ii?i! Beeswax For all the Good, Pure Yellow^ Bees'wax delivered to our office till further uotioe, we will pay 2-i cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchanged for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casb, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan st., CHICAGO, ILL. CARLOADS or Kee-Hlves, Sections, Shlp- piug-Cases. Comb Foundation, and Everythliig used in the Bec-Indu8try. We want the name and ad- j - dress of every Bee-Keeper in " America. We supply Deal- ers as well as consumers. We hiivo liry Kiln, Improved Machinery, 40.000 leet of Uoor space, and all modern appliances. We make prompt shipment. Write for Catalogs. Quotations, etc. Inter-State Maiuifactiirinff Co, HI'DSUiN, St. t'roix Co., WIS. Mention ine American Bee -jcurfvj^^. For Sale, BEES and (jUEENS Queens, 50 cts. Nuclei, three frames with Queen, 12.00; Two frames, $1.50; One frame, $1.00. Full Colonies, $1.00. BIrs. A. A. SIMPSON, 30A3 8WARTS, Greene Co., Pa. Beautiful Honey-Cases Made by the A. I. Koot Co., at their prices. BecHivax Wauted. Itl. H. HIIIVT, Bell Branch, micli. WME^ ANSWEniMG THIS ADVERTI5CMGNT. MENTION T>,iS JOURMm. QCC I^CCDCD? I Let me send you my 64- Dll-NLLi LIIO I page Catalog for ISvlT. J. m. Jeukins, Wetumpka, Ala. MentUm Hie jS.ri>€rican Hef jcut'-wJ. Full Colonies for Sale 30 miles northwest of Chicago. In 9-frame Langstroth hives. Bees in good condition. Only a lew colonies. Too warm to ship long distance. Prices— $.'>. 00 ner colony; 5 colonies, at $1.75 each ; or 10 colonies at $1.50 each, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. Tliv >ic-kel Plate Koad Has been selected by Commander-in-Chief Clarkeon for the transportation of himself and staff to the G. A. K. Encampment to be held at Buffalo, N. Y , Aug. 23rd to 28th. Tickets win be on sale Aug. 2lst. 22nd and 23rd at the rate of $10.50 for the round trip. This will afford an opportunity to the com- rades now living in the great West and North- west to once more visit the home of friends. and shake hands with those with whom they fought shoulder to shoulder in the great Civil War. For full information call on, or address, J. Y. Calahan, Gen'l Agent. Ill Adams St., Chicago, 111. H. Thohne, C. r. ic T. A. Ill Adams St.. Chicago, 111. 21 filled, too. Brood-chamber looks ready to bust ! " Now," thinks I to myself, " I'll just put an empty super in the place of that (illed one, and fool 'em 1" This morning, early, I prepared one and placed it, and I have no doubt from the present pros- pect they'll fill it, too. If they do, that will be 96 sections for one colony. Of course, that isn't 500 pounds, but I'll be satisfied. And here is the sequel : I had just finisht my work, took off my veil, let the smoker smudge out, and was contem- plating the wonderful nature of bees, when I heard around me a persistent whispering, coming nearer and nearer. Then I noticed that it was one of those self-sacrificing Italians flirting with me. just as if I were a young man, telling me all sorts of things, in a high soprano key. Of course I resented such familiarity (my wife was looking just then), but (do you know?) that bee stubbornly persisted, and before I could prevent it shekist me — a hot one — right on my lips — the for- ward thing 1 I tried to explain my innocence to my " better half," but she only winkt her other eye, intimating that she knew a thing or two, and my excuses wouldn't go. Now, I leave it to you, Mr. Editor, were I really to blame? Cook Co., 111., July 29. E. M. Dee. [Yes, we think you were just a little to blame, 'i'ou should never notice a " flirting Italian," no matter how much she " whispers " to you. Next time keep your veil on until you are safely in the house, and your " better half " won't have occasion to wink either eye at you. — Editor.! Doing Well in New Mexico. I have 112 colonies of bees doing well. I have 95 cases of 2-i-pounds to the case taken ofl', and AG more to take off next week ; and I give the American Bee Journal due credit for some of my success. It is choice alfalfa honey, and another flow of alfalfa to hear from yet. Edward Scoggin. Eddy Co., New Mex., July 25. Sweet Clover. Melilotus alba bears a close resem- blance to alfalfa, but it is "larger and coarser every way, and is especially adapted for use on calcarious soils. It will make an excellent growth on lime lands, even on the ' rotten limstone ' hills and on soils so barren that they will sus- tain no other plants ; but it is of almost no value on the red clays and tne sandy pine woods soils, which contain little lime. It is a biennial plant, making ordinarily only a moderate growth the first season, but during the second sea- son it will grow from four to seven feet in height, if not cut, and make stronger and heavier roots than any other forage plant. At the end of the second season it matures its seed and dies and the roots then decay quickly." As regards its uses, "It is not generally liked by animals unaccustomed to it, but as it starts into growth very early in the spring, when other green forage is scarce, stock turned on it at that time soon ac- quire a taste for it and eat it readily through the remainder of the season. When grown for hay, one and sometimes FouHdatioa — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. Jf you arc in a riii.li, send me your order. I sell llie bext only, and All orders promptly at i.owKST iMiK K. Beeswax wanted In excllail;;2:e. Workiii£;Wiixl\^°?°r"lM.-A t38'~ Write for Catalog and Prloe-fjlst. with Samples of Foundation and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AI'<;| ISTA, WIS, ^(iVDtll'i, SEE THAT WINK ! Bee- Supplies! Root's Goons at Koot's Prices. Pouder's Honey ■ Jars, and every thing used by bee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat tree. Walter S. Poader, 162 Mass. Ave.. Indianapolis. Indiana •V-EN Ar,SWL*'|.,(. '. M"S AOVFRTISEMEM . MENT'ors TJTS tOUHfM^ ISr IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely than any other published, send 11.25 to Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Calif,, for his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Mention Uie Arnerwon TSee ImtsnuU- PATENT WIRED COMB FOUSDATIOH Has No Sag In Brood-Frame* Tliiii Flat-Kottom Fouudation Has Ko Fishbone Jo the Sarplas HoBey. BelnK tbe cleanest la asually worked the qalckeBt of any Fonndatlon made J. A. VAN BBIJSKN. Bole Manafaotnrer, Spront BrooJt MontBoni<*rv <'o.. N- Y. II' Voii Keep but Oue Remedy '""^n^Touidbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues of a Medicine Chest. The Very Best general-service Remedy to be had AT ANY PHICE. '^j/V'JP^'' "IZonet Cathartics 's now added to each uox. 100 in a Box, 11.00—17 in a Boi. 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. loAtf Please mention the Bee Journal. yr&Uicii ilie American Bee JoumzZ-. ONE MAN WITH THE UNION «o"^i;,i*^'«='N Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In Kipping, Cuttlng-otf, Mi- tring, Rabbeting, Groov- ing, Gaining. Dadoing Edglng-up. Jointing Stuff etc. t uU Llneof Foot and Hand Power Machinery Sold oij Trial. CaUlogne Free. FALLS MFO. CO., SENECA FALLS. N. T . [he Amerirnn Bee Jouma'. SENE<'.A 46 Water St lAly /Ucntio, Italian Queens By Return mall. Untested. oOc: Tested, $1.00. Nuclei, a frame. *2 .00, including a good Queen Bees by the Pound. E. Ii. CARBINOTON, 22Atr De Fuulak Springs, Fla. Xleution the American Bee JoumaZ Van Deusen Thin Fdn. A few 25-pound boxes of VanDeusen Thin Su- per Comb Foundation at -$11.00 per box. Be quick If you want a box of it. Address. THE A. I. ROOT CO., 118 Michigan St. - Chicago, Ii.L. 494 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Aug. 5. Employ Nature The best pliysiclaD to beal jour Ills. Send for FKEE Pamphlet explaining how diseases of the Blood, Skin, Liver, Kidneys and Luntrs can be cured without drugs. F. M. SPRIXGS CO., Lock Box No. 1 1.1BEKTVVI1.1,E, ILli. dfetition (he Amtrtcan Bee Journal A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Egire perfectly throuirh warm weathe*", just as good as fresh ones for cooking and frosting. One man paid 10 cents a dozen for the eggs he preserved, and then later sold them for -Ja cents a dozen. You can S reserve them lor about 1 cent i>er dozen. ow is the time to do It, while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further lufor-, matlon— . „„ Dr. A. B. MASON, 3312 Monroe Street, - Toledo, Ohio, FOR SALE. 1000 pounds of While Clover Comb Honey. Price. 1.'!!^ cts. per pound. 28A Edw. E. Sniltli, Carpenler, 111. Bee -Hives, Sections. Shipping- Cases— everything used by bee- keepers. Orders filled nromptlv. Send for catalog MhSIESIITA BEE- KEEPERS' SIPPLY JlFCi. CO., Nicollet Island, Minneapolis, Minn. Chas, Mondeng. Mgr, 22A.tf 500 NATURAL SWARMING QUEENS At 50 cts, each; ii do?,., $2.80. Tested Queens at 75 cts. each. The above are all choice, natural-swarming Ouf ens, saved during the (.warming season. Address. 1.EIN1INGBR KKOS., 29Dtf Ft. Jennings, Ohio. " (Jueeiis (Jiven Away." f Gray Camiolans and Golden Italians.? We will give a fine Tested Queen (either race) to all customers ordering 6 Untested Queens, and a fine Select Tested Queen to all who or- der 12 Untested Queens at one time. The Queens given away will be sent to customers In August. . ,, T 1 Oracle and Pricc§ Aj>rii J^ly of Bees and Queens juti!^ sepT. Untested Queen % ."ih S .65 Tested •■ 1.50 1.25 Select Tested Queen 2.50 2.25 Best Imported '■ , 5,00 4.00 One L Frame Nucleus (no Queen) ,75 .50 Two •• •• " 150 100 Full Colony of Bees " (in new dovetailed hive) 5,00 4.00 We euarantee our Bees to be free from all diseases, and to give entire satisfaction. DeBcrlptlve Prlfe-l.l»» Free. F. A. Lockhart k Co., "-ake^george. lUDtf Please mention the Bee Journal. DUQDESJIE ^ COLIjEGEI Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dies Literary. Shorthaiid and Typewriting. Kflicient and experienced instructors. Day and Night sessions. Send I'or Catalog. Prof. liEWlS EnWIN VOKK, I'rcN. two crops can be cut In the fall after sowing In the spring, and during the next season two or three crops may be cut. Unless cut early the steins become hard and woody, and in all cases care is necessary in handling in order to prevent the loss of leaves, which readily drop from the stems. Excellent hay may be made by sowing it on lands which have been set In Johnson grass, the mixture seeming to improve the palatability of either one. " Under such cultivation as much as three cuttings to the acre and two tons for each cutting have been made. Further points regarding this plant are these : " As a restorative crop, for yellow loam and white lime lands, this plant has no superior, and for black prairie soil It has no equal. The roots are very long, penetrating the soil to a depth of three or four feet, are quite large, and by their decay at the end of the second year leave the soil with in- numerable, minute holes which act as drains to carry off the surplus water and loosen the soil so that the roots of other crops can go deeper, find more abundant supplies of food, and bear drought better. While the hay from this plant will not sell as well as that from lespedeza, the crop is heavier, furnishes pasture earlier in the spring, and is by far the most valuable crop we have for a natural fertilizer. Seed should be sown in August or February at the rate of half a bushel- per acre.'" Melilotus alba is not generally much known among us yet, but properly han- dled It Is a success, having special fitness for some situations, and deserving in most places to be at least made the sub- ject of careful and inielligent experi- ments.— Home and Farm. Bees Did Well Bees have done well here this season. I will get between 800 and 1,000 pounds of honey. I sold the first yester- day at 1.5 cents per section. I bad 20 colonies of bees last spring. B. F. Beheler. Summers Co., W. Va., July 24. Bee-Keeping in Indian Territory. Bees are doing fine this weather. I transferred my 10 colonies in early spring into b-frame Dovetail hives, and prevented swarming by using supers. My bees did better this year than ever before. The old Bee Journal comes regularly every week. I am always glad when Friday comes. Long may it and Its edi- tor prosper. I have to hire all my work done about my bees. My brother does It, and I do all the scheming. I work for a grocery firm from l> in the morning to 9 at night, so you see 1 have no time to work with bees. I workt in the mines before I started to work here. I could take a day off once In awhile then and attend to my bees, but now it is work every day but Sunday. Robt. Wh.liamson. Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter., July 24. Getting PossesBion of a Swarm. Is there any law concerning bees when they swarm on a stranger's land '? What right does law give a man, if his bees should settle on a stranger's land ? My bees swarmed July 9, and settled In a 2 A FENCE THAT CAN'T SAG. ,, ...1 KEYSTONK IKNIE. J :.tnictcil with a sin-cial vii-w tu l;iUiiin up all !.la>. CliicaEro, III., July 30.— Some few lots of the n w crop ol white comb has come on the market and sold at r.;c. Lots not strictly nice may fail to tiring iniii figure. Very little sale lor extracted hutiey of any kind. Prices range from .")(aOc. tor white, 4ia5c. tor amoer. and dark liHc Bee8»ax steady at 26a-7c. Cincinnati, Ohio, July 30.— There Is a fair demand lur extracted and comb honey. We have disposed already of a numberot ar- rivals of Hue quality. We quote llHQ'^ic. as the range for choice comb honey; .'iViOfic. for extracted. Demand Is lair for beeswa.x at :J2@i5c. for good to choice yellow. Boston, Mass., July 26. — Fancy new comb. In uirtons, I4c.; No. 1. in cartons. 1'2 to 13c. Extracted, white, 6 to 7c.; light am- ber. ^ to b%c. Our market is well cleaned uo on old honey, and new Is coming slowly. The demand is light. Milwaukee, Wis., July 26.— Fancy white, 12 to l.'ic; No. 1, 10 to lie ; fancy amber. 8 to 10c. ; No. 1. 7 to .Sc; fancy dark, 7 to 8c. Extracted, white. .") to 6o.; amber. 4 to 4Hc. Beeswax. 23 to 27c. The remnants of old crop honey remaining are not very large, and mostly of common and medium quality, and such Is very hard to sell at any price. There has been some new ex- tracted received, but not of the BEST quality —think It was extracted too soon, as it Is thin and watery, and not very salable. The de- mand Is as good as usual at this season. Think we are safe in holding out encouragement to shippers that for the new crop of choice qual- ities of comb and extracted honey this mar- ket will give them as good results as any other. Philadelphia, Pa, July 27.— Fancy white. 12 to i:ic ; No 1. 10 to lie; lancy amber, 9 to 10c, Extracted, white, 5 to Be; amber, 4 to .TC; dark. 4c. Beeswa,T, 2.tc. New houey. both comb and extracted, is arriving in small quantities. Good authority places CalU'ornia crop at 300 cars. Prices will rule low, California honey selling at 3^c. for mlxt cars of light and amber extracted. Buffalo, N, Y I July 26. — Fancy white, new, 11 to 12c ; No. I. 10 to lie; fancy am- ber. 8 to 9c.; No. 1 7 to 8c.; No. 1 dark, 6 to 8c. Extracted while. 5 to 6c. ; amber, 4 to 5c. Beeswax, 24 to •.i7c. Few arrivals; new selling fairly welt. Old Is cleaned up. and moderate amounts of new can now be sold. Ship In crates of. say, 150 pounds, with handles on same, and well secured. Cleveland, Ohio, July 24,— Fancy white, 11 to 12c.: No. 1, iOc; fancy amber, 7c.; fan- cy dark, 6c. Our first shipment of new honey just ar- rived, and selling at 13c. No demand lor old honey, but new, we believe, is going to se.l fairly well. St. Louis, Mo., July 27.— Fancy white, 12 to l;i!^o,; No. 1, 11 to 11 He. : No. 1 amber. 9 to lo)4c.; No. 1 dark, 6 to 8c. Extracted, white, 49s£ to 5!ic. : amber, 4 to 4^c. ; dark, 3 to 4c. Beeswax, 24 to 24 Wo. Extracted honey In barrels has been selling fairly well for two weeks. We sold 4,500 pouiidB of amber last week at 4 %c. Indianapolis, Ind., July 24.— Fancy white 10 10 12!4c.; No 1. '-> to 10c. Extracted, white. 5 to 6c.; amber, 4 to 5c. Beeswajt. 25 to 27c. Fair demand In the jobbing way tor grades mentioned above. No demand at all for dark or amber comb hooey. Kansas City, Mo., July 26.— No. 1 white. 12 to 13c ; fancy amber, 11 to 12c.; No. 1. 10 to lie; fancy dark, 9 to 10c. ; No. 1, 6 to 8c. Extracted, white. 5 to 3i4c.: amber, Hi to 5c.: dark, 3 V4 to 4c. Beeswax, 25 to 30c. San Prancisco, Calif., July 21.— White comb, l-lbs., 7 toiic: amber comb. 4 to tic. Extracted, white, 4',i to 5c.; light amber. 3)4 to 4c.; daik tule. 2JiC. Beeswax, fair to choice. 25-2CC. There Is some inquiry, but no special activ- ity to record. It being difficult to get buyers and sellers to agree on terms. Shippers are not disposed to name over 44c. for extracted, and they want a fine article at that figure. In a local way slightly better prices are real- ized, but demand on home account is ot slight order. Wew York, N. Y., July 29.- Our market is bare of comb honey, and some demand for white at from 10-1 le. Market on extracted Is rather weak; demand slow ot late, and ar- rivals plenty. Wciiuote: Southern, average common grade. 50c. per gallon; better grades from 55-60c.; Calllornla. light amber. 4W- 4=^ ■.; white, 5-5HiC. Beeswax remains steady at 26-27C. Detroit, Mi' h., July 31— Fancy white, 11- 12c. ; No. 1 white, 10-1 Ic; fancy amber. 9-10; No. 1 amber. K-iic. White, extracted, 5 -60.; amber. 4-.'ic. Beeswax, 25-26c. Honey Is not selling very brisk just now on account of the fruit. Albany, It. Y., ,luly 31.— Fancy white. 11® 12c.: fancy amber, 7@8c.; fancy dark, 6@8c.; white, extracted. 5c ; dark. 4c. But very little Is doing In honey this month. There is a small stock of Inferior comb honey on the market, and quite a little extracted. Bees are siid to be doing nicely In this se3- tion. Minneapolis, Minn., July 31, — Fancy white. 12(ai4c.; No. 1 white, ll(ai2c.; fancy amber. 10@llc ; No. 1 amber. 9@10c.: fancy dark. 8(3flc.; No. 1 dark. 7080. Extracted, white, ti@7c.: amber. 5@6c. ; dark, 4@oc. Bees^vax, 24@27c. Demand tor extracted honey is nominal, but at fair prices. Comb very slow on ac- count of warm weather. List of Honey and Beeswax Dealers. Most of whom Quote In this Journal. CIilcaKO, Ills. H. A. Bdbnett & Co.. 163 South Water Street. New York, N. Y. Hildreth Bros. & Seohlken. 120 A: 122 W. Broadway. Kansas City, no. 0. C. Clemoms & Co., 423 Walnut St. Bnfiulo, N. Y. BATTER80N & Co.. 167 & 169 Scott St. Hamilton, Ilia. Chas. Dadant & Son. Pblladelpbla, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. A. B, Williams & Co , 80 & 82 Broadway. St. Ijonis, mo. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St Miuneapollii, ninn. S. H. Hall & Co. milwankee, Wis. A. V. Bishop 6c Co. Boston, IVIass. Blake. Scott & Lee., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, Mich. M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Walter 3. Pjodbh, 16; .Missichusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCulloch & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Otaio. C. F. MuTH & Son, cor. Freeman & Central A vs. AND LUNG DISEASES. DR. PEIRO. Specialist Offices: 1019, loo State St., CHICAQO. Hours 9 to 4. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Bee Journal. Then please call upon them aai get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. See the premium oiFers en page 481 ! 496 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. August 5, 189'^ H B^ ■■ H A Copy of LULL Successful Bee-Keenin£;, r n r ■ ''y ^^- '^' Hutchinson ; ^ I II ■■ ■■ and uur 1807 Catalof^, tor 2- cent stamp, or a copy of the C'ataloi: for llie Axkiiii;. We malie almost Everyiliiii:: used by Bee-Keepern, and at I.o«vui)l VrHfK. OUB Falcon Polish! Sections are warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buy cheaply and roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie best— i>iiicli at* we make. The Americau Bee ■ Keeper [monthly, now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. tAMi'LE Kkee— Address. THEW.T.FALCOMERMFG.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. I AEISE TO SAY to tbe readers of the BEE JOURNAL that I>OOLlTTliE has conclnded to sell -BKE8 and QUKENS- In their aeaBon, durins 1897, at thefollowlDK prlcee : One Colony of Italians on 9 Gallup frames. In light Bhipping-box $6 00 Five Colonies 25 00 Ten Colonies 45 00 1 untested queen, i 00 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 (X) nested Queen... $150 8 " Queens . 3 5o 1 Belectte8tedqueeD2oo S " " Queens 4 00 Select tesied queen, previous seaBon's rearinR. . 4 00 Kitra Selected forbreedlnK. the very best. . 5 Of) About a Pound of BBBS In a Two-frame Macleua, with any Queen, f 3.00 extra. B^~ Circular free, BlvinR full particulars roRard* Ing the Bees and each class of Queens. Address 6. M, DOOLITTLE, llA36t BORODINO. Onon. Co., N. Y PEACE WITH TURKEY. ■ AnoitHT yt';ir s evpiTipnce with the Pa^ie Fence siMiiily UiuiK Hrruiy truuuut, me in the belief that it is t be best ten re on earth. « * • • 1 am certain that quite a uumher ol ytmr agent's sales here this yeararediie to tUe batibtactjou which this fence (Director New York State Bureau Farmers Insti- tutes and proprietor of l.i acre turkey yard, Fayette- vllle). Send for cut and particulars. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. A Special Booklet Bargain ! For a limited time we wish to make our readers a special offer on booklets on Bees, Poultry. Health, etc. Upon receipt of 75 centit we will mall any « of the Hat below: and lor $1.2.''. wo will mall the whole dozen ■ 1, Foul Drood, liy Dr. Howard 25c 2, Poultry for Market and Profit 25o 3, Turkeys for Market and Profit .. 25c 4, Our Poultry Doctor liOc 5, Capons and Caponl/.'ng 30c 6, Hand-Book of Health, by Dr. Foote.. 25c 7, Kendall's Horse-Book 25o 8, Rural Life 25o 0. Kopp'B Commercial Calculator 25c 10. Foul Brood, by Kohnko 10c 1 1 . Silo and SIlaKc. by Prof Cook 2oc 12. Blenen-Kullur, by Newman 40c GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. DADANTTS t FOUNDATION Shiping-Cases and Cans for Honey. WE OIAIB A.^XKi; SAl'Um'.K riO.>. ITIiat iiM.ro «an aiil>y«>«I} «lo? BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS. IraPte^TRQTH Ort THU H©r*®Y=B®l?, Revised. The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. BEESWAX -WAIMXED FOR NEXT SEASOIV'S USE. CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILL. 41 e-MowioMe 41 eMowioMe l=]EEi[:=X Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin ; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : IVo. 1 Snow-White. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2000 for 4.75 3000 for 6. 75 No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Price-Li§t of Sections, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. 6A35t The Bee-Keeper's Guide This loth and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, In neat and substantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here is quite un- necessary—it Is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- ?uire any introduction. No bee-keeper is ully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's GniDE." GEORGE W. YORK & Given For 2 "Sew Subscribers. The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal for one year ; Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with J2.00). and we will mall yen a copy of Prof. Conk's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.35, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year —both together for only 81.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the boo' as a premium. Let everybody try for If Will you have one ' CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, lU. THE ROOT NO-LRIP SHIPPING CASES. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorly-made Cases — such as willlet the honey drip through them? Commission men have told us that honey put up iu our Cases brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient. The Porter Bee-Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the world. Cleans supers of bees without smoking, brushing, shaking, or uncapping the honey. The Root-Cowan Extractors. Have been and are the standard the world over. Packages for Extracted Honey. We are head-quarters for everything in this line. The New Weed Drawn Foundation. This is a success. Don't take the statement of any one else, but send for sam- ples and try it yourself. I'ieces 4 inches square, running about 11 feet per lb., are now being sent out. l*rioc!«i — 3 pieces, 4x4, Kic. ; by mail, 13c. 10 pieces, 25c. ; mail, 30c. 24 pieces, 500. ; mail. (iOc. And if we can catch up on orders for the small lots, we will furnish it in half-pound packages at 75c. with other goods, or 90c. postpaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Main Office, MEDINA, O. BR.A.lSrCH OFFICE3S : lis IfliclilKan St., CImchko, III. Syracuse, K. Y. i024 Miss. Sir., St. Paul, JTIinn. Iflcchanic Fails, Maine. lO Vine St., IMiiladcipliia, Pa. PubHslit \Veekly at IIS A//c-Ji»«an Street. SflMO a Veai — Sample Copj' Free. 37tli Year. CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 12, 1897. No. 32. Five ffloiiths jorjiiily 55 Cents NOW FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. Get Your Bee-Keepiug Friends aud Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send us two new siihscribers for the Bee Journal before Sept. 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when each will need to pay only 35 caits for the last 5 months of this year, or only about 7 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each 2 new35-ct. subscribers you send us, we win mail you your choice of one of the foUowinj? list : Wood Binder for the Bee Journal 20c. 50 copies of leaflet on "Why Eat Honey?" 50c. 50 '■ " on "How to Keep Honey " 20c. 50 " " on " Alsike Clover" 20c. 1 copy each " Preparation of Honey for the Market "{10c. ) and UooUttle'B " Hive I Use " (5c.i 15o. 1 copy each Dadants' "Handling Bees" (8c.) and " Bee- Pasturage a Necessity " (10c.) 18o. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood" 25c. Kohnke's " Foul Brood" book 25c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book (lOo.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees •• [8c ] 1 8c. Dr. Foote'8 Hand-Bookof Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons aud Caponizlng 25c. Tu rkeys for Market and Profit 25c. Green's Four Books on Frult-Growlng 25c. Kopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. SUoand Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. Bienen-Kultur LGerman] 40c. Kendall's Horse-Book [English or German] 25c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 25c. 1 " Sweet " " 25c. 114 " Alsike " " 25c. 1!4 •• Alfalfa " " 25c. 1V4 " Crimson " " 25c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; In other words, no one sending in his own 35 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. Mm "^^J;<^'. Honey-Prices — Some *• Fool Capers" Described BY EDWIN KEVINS. Just look at the honey-prices in late issues of the bee- papers, Mr. Bee-Keeper, and say how you like them. Looks as if the man who will spend time and money to build up an apiary for the production of honey to sell at these prices might be a fool. To add to my disgust and discouragement with the business, there comes a man calling himself " New Edi«i»i Bci'uis. York," asking beekeepers to go into the work of lengthening the tongues of bees. Now it seems to me that if the head end of the bee is to be leDgthened, the tail end will be correspondingly lengthened, 498 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, and I submit it to any sensible beekeeper if that end is not long enough already ! Mr. Doolittle expresses the opinion that this lengthening is hardly possible with the rank and file of bee-keepers, but leaves us to infer that it may be done by the Captains, and Colonels, and Brigadier tJenerals, and Gen- erals, of the industry. Therefore, I move that somebody get out an injunction to restrain them from undertaking the job. Notwithstanding the apparent folly of trying to produce honey at present prices, and the possibility that the tail end of the bee may be lengthened, and perhaps strengthened, it is quite likely that if I live 20 years longer I shall write a book at the end of that time narrating ray experience with bees during these 20 years, and entitle the book " The Mysteries and Miseries of Bee-Keeping." More likely, however, I will call it " A Fool's Errand," and explain its authorship as Judge Tourgee explained the authorship of his book, by saying that It was written by one of the fools. You see, once a bee-keeper always a bee-keeper. Or, in other words, once a bee-crank or bee-fool, if you please, always a bee crank or fool. There is no getting out of this work till one is let out of it by death or let into a lunatic asylum. This is due to those things a bee-keeper will not sell for cash even if he can, you know. And this is a good place to remark that while there are a few things of this sort con- nected with the pursuit, I have found this season, and other seasons, a good many things that I would gladly sell at a dis- count of 99 per cent., and some others on v/hieh I would make a discount of a full 100 per cent., and throw in some- thing besides for the sake of getting them «f my lumds. This last remark might not have been written if the bees in my yard were not so largely made up of a crop between blacks and Italians. 1 want to ask the pardon of the American Bee Journal readers for ever having written a word about bees and bee- keeping. The man who gets a few colonies of bees and reads all, or a good many of, the bee-books and bee-papers, and works aloug through several years of light honey-flow, or no flow at all, may imagine that he knows something about these things. Then let him find himself some June morning with half a hundred to a hundred colonies on his hands, and the bees filling up his hives and supers with bewildering rapidity, and the conceit will soon be taken out of him. He begins to realize that he does not know much of anything, and that what he does know is hard to make available at just the right time and in just the right place. Therefore, readers of the American Bee Journal. I bid you good-bye for 20 years After all, I guess that, before I get out of sight and hearing, I had better " holler back "and tell you about some of my " fool capers " during this season of 1897. This has been a first rate season to note the unreasonable and unnecessary and unexpected things that bees will do when prosperity gives them the opportunity to do as they please. Did any of you ever notice, or rather ever fail to notice, the persistency with which bees will monkey around a hole that would admit them to honey if it were only just as big again? But this is a digression. I started to tell you about some fool capers. STARTING THE KOBBEHBKES. First, and worst perhaps, of these fool capers was leaving some honey exposed in the early part of the season where the bees could have access to It. Since then some robber-bees have followed almost everywhere, and apparently took note of everything I have done. If I put on a bee-escape in the early part of the day, they hunt for holes and crevices, and have nearly cleaned out three or four supers for me. The big extracting hives have telescope covers. These covers are made a little larger than[the supers. Once when I put a bee-escape under one of these supers, the bees crawled up between the sides of the super and the sides of the cover and cleaned out the 10 frames which must have contained at least 30 pounds of honey. HIVING BEES ON EMPTY FRAMES. Next in heinousness was the hiving of a large swarm of bees on frames 11 inches deep with only starters of founda- tion. This was done last season, but the consequences were not made apparent till this season. The colony was strong last spring, and I was expecting much from it, but for some reason it would not begin to work in the supers. I gave the hive an examination, and the combs were all broken down but one. I prepared another hive and placed it on the old stand, and then placed the old hive with these broken combs on top of it. There was a good deal of brood in the old combs, and when it was hatcht I removed the upper hive and gave the bees below a queen after ascertaining that there was no brood in the lower frames. The loss in consequence of my failure to fill those frames last season with sheets of wired founda- tion I estimate at 100 pounds of honey, judging by what other colonies of like strength have done. GETTING BID OF A LAYING-WORKER Oue of my oldest colonies in a big 10-frame hive, which seemed to be all right in the spring, did not get to work when the other bees did, and on looking for the cause I found no worker-brood in the hive but lots of drone-brood scattered all over the combs. Laying worker ! Then I took the hive and set it over that hive which contained the bees that would not work on old foundation, but put combs between the division- board and one side of the hive, I put a newspaper between the two hives, tearing a small hole in the paper. After a few days I found the bees all living together peaceably, and a big hole in the newspaper. Then I set the upper hive in the place of the lower one, making sure that the queen was in the upper hive, and carried the lower hive to a new stand. All the field-bees returned to the old stand, but lots of young bees staid, and there was a good deal of brood in the old combs, and the frames that I had given early in the season. At the first opportunity I stuck a queen-cell onto those old combs, and now all goes merry as a marriage bell in that hive. AN EXPERIENCE IN FORMING NUCLEI. On June 10 I made two 2-frame nuclei of bees and brood in anticipation of receiving queens to give them in the course of three or four days. But floods in Massachusetts and freezes in New York delayed the arrival of the queens, and I didn't know what to do. A colony standing close to one of these nuclei swarmed the day the nuclei were made, and the swarm got away because I lingered 15 minutes too long in the gar- den that morning. I got into the bee-yard just in time to see the last bees of the cluster letting go of their hold on a limb of a peach tree. I could not tell at the time from which hive the swarm had issued, but by observing carefully I found out that day or the next. I paid no more attention to the colony or the nuclei till June 21, when the colony swarmed again. Then I went in search of queen-cells, and found a frame hav- ing two with queens just ready to emerge. One did emerge and dropt to the ground, and I pickt her up and threw her into the hive standing close by that containing the nucleus. In due time I lookt in and saw a circular patch of worker-brood on one of the combs. The other cell I gave to the other nucleus, and on looking (or worker-brood I found the two combs pretty well covered with drone-brood. Another case of laying worker. Then I took one frame of this drone-brood and put it in place of a. frame containing eggs and larvic in another hive, and gave the eggs and larvte to the nucleus, and now all goes well with it. SOME SWARMING EXPERIENCES. Here are a few swarming experiences of the present sea- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 499 One moriiinj; I hived a very small after-swarm, and about the time it got settled another swarm of moderate size came and entered the same hive. Then I put the hive with the two swarms on top of a queeniess colony and left the bees to settle things to suit themselves. I recl feet above the ground, and consists of a single small comb, which the bees, when frightened, temporarily forsake. The queen is at once distinguisht by the comparatively enor- mous size of the thorax ; the drones, too, are very different from the diones of other bees, the dense velvet down on the thorax being wanting, and the abdomen narrower and more curved, but the most curious are the large blunt lobes or pegs on the tarsal seginents of the posterior legs, arising from its anterior upper margin and passing downwards, no rudiment or trace of which can be seen in ordinary drones. These bees are found only in tropical Asia and the islands of the Malay Archipelago ; owing to their small size they are of no use to bee-keepers or to bee-hunters. Only one species is known — Apis fiorea. 2. — The big bees, whose workers are more than ^ of an inch in lengih ; these, too, have their nest exposed, and com- posed of only a single comb, bnt this is a large one and gener- ally placed on inaccessible cliffs or large unclimbable trees, the occasionally In more accessible places. Owing to the po- sition of their nests and the size of their stings these bees can successfully drive off all enemies by day. They, too, are found only In tropical Asia and the islands of the Malay Archipelago. Owing to the quantity of wax in their large comb, it is highly valued by natives, but these bees are not domesticated. Apis dorsata is the common, well-known species, found as far eastward as the Isle of Timore. Apis zonata is a little known species, found only, I think, in the Island of Celebes. 3. — The medium-sized bees, whose workers are more than % of an inch and less than % of an Inch In length ; their nests are always sheltered in hives, In hollow trees, in roofs of houses, or some such places ; they build several parallel combs, and consists of species, varieties and races, scattered over the whole of the habitable old world. Apis indica, the smallest and one of the most distinct, Is found in tropical Asia and the islands of the Malay Archipel- ago. Apis nnicolor, small, dark in color, and distinct from others. Is found in Madagascar. From Africa comes Apis adansonil ; from Egypt, Apis fas- ciata ; from Europe, Apis melliBca ; from China, Apis sinensis. Almost every country h;is a special variety or race ; sometimes these, when brought together, inter-breed, but sometimes two can be found in the same country which appear to keep dls-- tant. Up this Sara.wak River are four species of Apis, viz : 1. — Ai'is Florka. — I saw this bee In Ceylon, it seemed rare in the hill country,«but very common near Anuraadha- poora, where, on their nests being disturbed, the bees fled without stinging, so that Cinghalese boys have no difficulty In eating their honey, and Mr. Davison tells me that the same Is the case in the south of India; but here, altho the bees readi- ly leave their combs, they will sting as well and more effectu- ally than their size would lead one to expect. I have not yet caught a drone here as the wet season is on, and there are no drones now. The workers of these bees vary greatly in the color of their abdomen, the most common thing is for the two basal segments of the abdomen to be colored, and the others black, but In the same nest will be found some without a bit of color In the abdomen, and some in which nearly all the segments of the abdomen are colored. Has Mr. Benton been guHty of this atrocity, or will some amateur detective find an- other culprit In this matter ? 2. — Apis Dorsata. — I have not noticed any difference be- tween this bee and the one like it which I saw in Ceylon, ex- cept that in Ceylon it was quite absent from the flat country round Anuraadhapoora, but here is common both in the low country and in the hills. The workers usually have the two basal segments of the abdomen colored, the other segments black, except for a gray band quite at their base; but some workers have the third segment colored, and some have the whole upper surface of the abdomen colored. I saw quite a number of these last on a nest I examined through a telescope, but could see no drones, I suppose because It is the wet season, yet swarms of these bees are frequently seen flying overhead. 3. — Apis Indica. — The commonest bee here, length of the worker 7/16 of an inch ; these bees do not vary much in the color of the abdomen, in the majority the scutellum Is colored, but in many it is not. At this time of year there are no drones. The bees do not store mu. h honey, they have no winter to go through, and many enemii-s, su they prefer breeding and swarming. They are very quiet bees, quieter than two colo- nies of indica which I examined in Ceylon ; they can be easily manipulated without smoke, but they readily take to the wing — the queen as well as the workers — so that It is impossible to drive them. Four times I have tried transferring to bar- framed hive, and once the simple removal of the queen, In ev- ery case they forsook the hive and all their brood a few days after, but the wet season was on, and the quantity of their brood not large. Amongst the enemies of these bees is a spe- cies of Trigona, yellow and black, and small in size, this, find- ing its way through the cracks in a Dyak hive, establishes its- self in the upper regions of the comb, builds a wall between it- self and the owner of the honey, behind which it eats the honey, leaving the midrib of the comb quite bare, and In pla- ces destroying this too. I opened two hives attackt by this small bee, and in neither case did I find anyof theirbrood, but the Dyaks thought they sometimes had brood in the hives, but say that a few months after the Trigona comes, the Apis gen- erally forsakes its hive. ■i. — Aris Flava. — The proper name of this bee I do not know, so for the present I will use the above name : the work- ers are at once recognized by their bright yellow color ; their bead is yellow, their thorax densely clothed with long yellow hairs, and the ground color of the thorax is yellow, their length is 9\15 of an inch, slightly larger, I think, than an English bee. The drones are not very yellow, the queen not at all so — she is but little larger than' a queen of indica. I have ex- amined three nests of these bees, in one were drones hatching and hatcht, the drone-cells, tho larger than the worker-cells, and furnisht with the convex capping, were mixt irregularly with the worker-cells, not together on a special portion of comb. The colonies are small, and not quite so good-tempered 502 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, as those ot Apis indica, but with the help of smoUe are not dif- ficult to deal with. Whilst uiaiiipulating I have noticed Apis flava to rob from Apis iudica ; and I have seen Apis indica try- ing to rob from Apis llava, but I have not found Apis dorsata, or any wasp out here, trying to rob, tho Apisdorsata frequent- ly comes to drink close to my colonies of Apis Indica. Malays, Chinese, Klings and Europeans here all give bees a wide berth. Dyaks alone keep them. Their knowledge of their habits is much like that of the old Romans ; they talk of the Rajah, tho probably few have seen her. The drones they call badorken, but have no idea that they are the males, or that the rajah lays eggs. A nest of dorsata the Dyaks highly value. They eat the brood, but sell the wax, and the honey, too, if they can, to Ma- lays, who trade up the river. They take the nests by build- ing ladders up the tree or cliff. Ascending these on a moon- less night, they hold a torch beneath the nest and drive off the bewildered bees before cutting down the comb. Next day the bees leave the place and try their fortunes elsewhere. There Is a right of ownership of nests on favorite trees or cliffs. Col- onies of Apis indica they keep in hives made of bark, or hollow logs of wood, narrow, but two to three feet long, with the en- trance in the middle suspended lengthwise from the floors of their houses, which are raised many feet from the ground on poles. They take the hooey and brood at night, driving the bees out of their hives by means of smoke. Next day the bees leave the place. Apis flava they seldom put in hives, for they say it gives less honey and brood than Apis indica. Apis flo- rea I believe they usually avoid. The Malays call Apis fJorea " Peniangat," a word which is applied to small social wasps also, and is their name for the sting of an insect. The Dyak name is"Titi," which is also used for small solitary bees. Apis dorsata is called by Malays " Lanye ;" by Dyaks, " Bunyee." Dyaks cannct pronounce " L" except at the end of a word, so when speaking Malay they say " Ranyee." Apis indica is called by Dyaks "-Ne- waan," or often up other rivers, ''Ranewaan." The proper Malay name is "Lebah," but I have not heard it used here, the Malays commonly using the Dyak name. Apis flava is distinguisht by Dyaks as " Newaan pschear" (?), or the "yel- low Newaan.'' — British Bee Journal. Sarawak, January. Influence of Pollen upon Size, Form, Color and Flavor of Fruits. BY PROF. J. C. WHITTEN. {Head before tlie Missouri State Jlortieultiiral Soeietij.) Before considering the subject of pollination, it is neces- sary to get clearly in mind the relation and arrangement of the different parts of the flower. The ordinary complete flower is Composed of calyx, corol- la, stamens, and pistils, in the order named. The apple flower Is a good representative. The calyx is-the green, outer cup. It is the cover of the unopened bud and expands as the flower opens, into five parts, or sepals. Just within the calyx is the carolla, consisting of five pink petals. This is the most con- spicuous and ornamental part of the flower. Just within the corolla are the essential or reproductive organs. They consist of about twenty s'amens, and a five-parted pistil. The sta- mens are slender filaments, surmounted each by a little sack containing the pollen. These are the male organs. The pis- til is the central, female organ of the flower. Jt consists of a five-celled ovary, bearing the undeveliiped seeds, and five thread-like styles, arising from It, and terminating each in a fleshy surface, called the stigma. Some plants do not produce both .'■tamensand pistils in the same flower. In the Indian corn the pistils are the silk at the ear, while the stamens are borne in the tassels at the top of the plant. Our pine trees bear two classes of little cones, or flowers, in spring. One kind bears the stamen, and is shed ofl' after the pollen has been produced. The other kind bears the pistils, and, after being acted upon by the pollen of the male cones, develops into the large cone from which we secure the seed. Other plants, like the box-elder, soft maple, persimmon and Cottonwood bear the dlflferent sexes upon separate individuals. This is also the case with many varieties of strawberries. The ornamental corolla Is wanting In many flowers, so also may bo the calyx. Each species, however, must .ilways produce stamens and pistils, cither In the same, or in different flowers. These, being tho reproductive organs of the plant, are as essential to the pro- duction of fruit and seeds, as are the two sexes essential to re- production In the animal kingdom. Tho existence of sex, in plants, has long been known. Vague hints of it occur even In the writings of Greek and Ro- man authors. It was not until about two-hundred years ago, however, that its existence became clearly defined. Even then, this view was much disputed, and it was not until the collec- tion of proofs of the sexuality of plant*, given by Linnaeus, in 1735, that the question became a-settled one. When it first became known that pollination in plants was a necessity for the production of seed, very vague ideas pre- vailed as to how the pollen was carried from the stamens to the pistils. This, at first, excited little more tho'ight than the mere idea that the pollen simply fell on the pistils. When it was considered that in some cases, the stamens and pistils are borne on separate plants a new question arose, as to how the pollen was transferred over such great distances. It was found that pistillate plants, growing at a distance from any stamen-bearing plants of the same kind, frequently produced seed. The agency by which the pollen was transferred in such cases, was, at first, ascribed to the wind. A- little later it was suggested that, since some flowers contain honey, and are visited by bees, the insects might be of some use in pollina- tion. It was not thought, however, that this affected cross- pollination, the idea being that they simply shook the pollen from the stamens to the pistil, in an individual flower. The very important part, which insects take in the cross- pollination of plants, was not much known until about one- hundred years ago. At this time Sprengel was led to begin a great number of observations, which showed not only that in- sects carry pollen from flower to flower, but that tho bright colors, scents, and singular forms of flowers serve the useful purpose of guiding insects to their secreted honey. His keen observations are of exceeding interest. He noticed the tiny hairs beneath which honey lies hid, in a little wild geranium, and found, that, while these hairs in no way hinder bees from taking the honey, they effectually turned away the rain drops from the nectaries. From this he reacht the conclusion that the honey was secreted for the bees and that the rain was kept out that they might have the nectar pure and unspoilt. Noting the little yellow ring in the throat of the forget-me-not, he conceived the idea that this might guide the insects on their way to the honey. Upon further investigation he found that the colored dots, lines and other figures surrounding or point- ing toward the honey, actually do serve as honey-guides, or path-finders for the insects. Thus perceiving that the insect is guided to the nectar, once it has settled on the flower, he went still farther, and reacht the wise conclusion that the bright-colored corolla it- self is to guide the insect, from a distance to the flower. Thus it is that the beauty of our peach, plum and apple blossoms serves, not only to gladden the eye, but also to attract these insect pollen-bearers. ITp to this time it was supposed that honey was secreted by flowers, simply to furnish a food for in- sects, and no one even supposed that the insects returned an equivalent service to the flower. Sprengel, however, observed that certain varieties of Iris are incapable of being pollinated and of producing seed, if insects are excluded from them. This led to his further discovery that a great many flowers depend wholly upon insects for transferring the pollen. In all of Sprengle's work, it is perhaps remarkable that he failed to learn the most important lesson which his years of patient study and observation might have taught. While he was well aware of the fact that insects frequently carry pollen from flower to flower, he failed to learn that cross-pollination is the njost important result of insect visits. This great truth remained to bo first hinted at by Andrew Knight. After ex- periiniMiting in self-fertilization and cross-fertilization in the pea, and other plants. Knight, in 171l!», laid down the law that ill no plant does self-fertilization continue for an unlimi- ted number of generations. This theory attracted very little attention until nearly fifty years ago when Darwin came for- ward with his exhaustive experiments and studies, from which he interpreted the natural law that " no organic being fertili- zes itself for a perpetuity of generations, but a cross with an- other individual is occasionally — perhaps at very long inter- vals— indispensable," Darwin showed that in all the higher forms of animals the sexes are Separate, in order that two dif- ferent sources of blood, of relationship, may be combined In the off-spring. He also showed what we now so generally ad- mit, that in-breedIng diminishes strength and productiveness, while a cross with a different strain increases both. [c; included next week ] Tlie MclJvoy Foul Brood Treatiueut Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul I'.rood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is tho latest publication on the subject, and should ho in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. lay'i THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 503 CONDUCTED BY OR. O. O. MILLER, MARETiGO, ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. 1 Swarming — Queen " Fainting:." About a week ago I had a swarm come out very early in the morning, and the queen did not come out. The wind was commencing to blow hard, and they went right back. The wind blew hard all day — sort of a Nebraska zephyr — and as it went down about seven in the evening, they tried it again with the same result. While they were on a tree I opened the hive and found the queen (her wing was dipt), and waited for them to try it again the next morning, which they did about seven ; and they surprised me by coming out with a young queen. She came out with the first handful of bees ; I caught her and hung the cage on a bush right in front of the hive, and they never lookt at her, but immediately stopt coming out, and those that were out went back. Then I divided them, but could not find the old queen. I carefully cut out all queen-cells, and used them in starting nuclei. In four days I examined them, and found no signs of a laying-queen in either hive, and no queen-cells started. I gave them laying queens, and now everything is lovely. 1. Why did they kill their queen ? 2. Why did they not start queen-cells ? During those four days they stored honey to " beat the band." 3. Twice in clipping queens this season, the queen has fainted, or " played possum," once before and once after the wing was dipt. I placed their cage upon the frames, and they seemed to '• come to " and be all right inside of an hour. In each case she had not been laying more than a day or two, and while they were lying apparently dead, there would be a slight twitching of the abdomen, and eggs would appear. I handled them very carefully in the clipping device. There happened to be a worker in with them each time. How do you account for this singular performance. Nebraska. Answers. — 1. When a prime swarm issues, If the colony is strong and circumstances favorable a second swarm may be expected in a week or ten days later. If the queen cannot accompany the swarm, the bees will continue the attempt to swarm, sometimes every day, sometimes not so often, but when a young queen emerges then the " old lady " is disposed of, and the bees go with the one that has flying powers. You will probably find that what your bees did will be the regular program in all cases with dipt queens, if the bees are left to themselves. 2. "Bees do nothing invariably," and perhaps without any reason they sometimes fail to start queen-cells when you think they should. In the present case there may have been no need to start cells for young queens may have been present. Four days from the time of emerging, these young queens would not yet be laying, but the bees would work with vigor, and having no larvae to feed would store with unusual rapidity. It is possible that the queens you gave to the two colonies were retained, but It is probable that they were killed and the young queens commenced to lay eight or ten days after the last swarming. 3. From what others say, it seems this " fainting " of the queen is not a very unusual occurrence, altho I never saw a case of the kind in the hundreds of queens I have dipt. Pos- sibly the manner in which the queen is held at the time of clipping may have something to do with the case. I have never seen but one •explanation suggested, and I don't know whether that is the right one. It is that the queen in her struggles gets her foot caught in the terminal opening of the abdomen, and being held fast in that position either does not or cannot make any further struggle. When the foot is re- least by relaxation, then she is all right again. Xhe BuflTalo Cun-vention Notice has been sent us by Secretary Mason, and reads as follows ; Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, July 5, 1897. Mr. Editor:— Will you please say in the next Issue of the American Bee Journal that the next annual convention of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union will be held in the Main Hall of Caton's Business College, corner of Main and Huron Streets, in Buffalo, N. Y., commencing at 10 o'clock, a.m., of Aug. 24 next, and dosing on the afternoon of the 26lh ? Papers are to be read by W. Z. Hutchinson, R. F. Holter- mann, E. Whitcomb, Hon. R. L. Taylor, Mrs. L. Harrison, R. C. Aikin, G. M. Doolittle, Dr. J. P. H. Brown. Hon. Eugene Secor, Geo. W. Brodbeck, M. B. Holmes, A. E. Manum, E. Kretchmer and P. H. Elwood ; to which will be added the President's Address, and perhaps the General Manager and the Secretary may have something of interest to present. The programs are now printed and in the hands of the Secretary. There are six bee-keepers' songs, with music. In the program, and abundance of time is allotted to the discus- sion of all papers, and for the asking and answering of ques- tions. Any one not a member of the Union can have a program sent them by mail on receipt of 5 cents in postage stamps by the Secretary. Several of our well known beekeepers, such as A. I. Root, Dr. Miller, S. T. Pettit and others who are not on the pro- gram, will be present to help make the convention interesting and instructive. It is probable that suggestions will be made at this con- vention in the line of so amending the constitution of the Union as to remove its objectionable features and add such other provisions as may seem desirable, and suggestions in this line by those not able to be at the convention can be sent to the Secretary, to be brought before it. Some suggestions have already been received by the Secretary, and others have been made in the bee-papers. Those going to the convention should buy round-trip tickets to the Grand Army of the Republic encampment (not to the United States Bee-Keepers' convention), which meets at Buffalo during the last week of August. The G. A. R. have secured a rate of one cent a mile each w.ty in the terri- tory of the Central Passenger Committee, which is included by Toronto, Canada, thence on a line to Port Huron, Mich., all of the southern peninsula of Michigan; Chicago, Peoria and Quincy, III., St. Louis, Mo., Louisville, Ky., and Pitts- burg, Pa. The Western Passenger Association and the Trunk Line Association make a rate of one fare for the round-trip in their territory to places in the Central Passenger Associa- tion, from which points the fare will be one cent a mile each way, but tickets must be purchast to Buffalo from the start- ing point. Enquire of your ticket or station agent in all ter- ritory outside of the above-named for rates and the time the tickets are good for, for I have been unable to learn the rates in such territory, but presume it will be the same as that of the Western Passenger and the Trunk Line Association; but be sure to inquire of your ticket agent as above suggested. In the Central Passenger and Trunk Line territory tickets will be good going on the 2 Ist, 22nd and 23rd, and if vised at Buffalo will be good, returning, for 30 days. Mr. O. L. Hershiser, of Buffalo, has charge of arrange- ments at Buffalo, and will attend to the matter of hotel rates. He writes : " I purpose obtaining accommodations in private families for all bee-keepers who prefer such to hotels." Mem- bers of the Union can learn in regard to hotel rates by apply- ing to the Secretary at the place of meeting. If known in time, hotel rates will be given in the bee-periodicals. A. B. Mason, Sec. A IStcw Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee Journal, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us '20 cents. It is called "The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should get it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. 504 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12. '^Ti^ ^ GBORGE: W. YORK, • Bdltar. PnBLISBT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W, YORK & COMPANY, tl8 Mlcblgan St., - CHICAGO, ILK. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the Post-Offlce at Chicaifo as Second-Class Matl-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers^ Ujiioji. OrKanized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture: to promote tlie interests of bee-keepers : to protect its members ; to prevent tlie adulteration of honey: iind to prosecute the dishonest honey-commission men. Membership Fee— S1.00 Per Annum. Exeoiittv^ Committer. President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.- E. Wditcomb. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Jiittird of Directors. E. K. Root. E. Whitcomb. E. T. Abbott. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller. C. P. Dadant. fVenora/ Manns^cr and Treasurer, Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. Next Annual ineelins at Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 24-26, 1897. Vol. fflVII, CHICAGO, ILL, AU&. 12, 1897, No. 32, Editorial Q>on)n)cr)i^^ BuflTalo, Aug:. 24t 25 and 26— the place aad date. Will you be there ? ■*-'-*■ The Season's Experience will now be a fine topic to write on for many a bee-l, arriving at Buffalo at 8 o'clock the next morning, in time for the opening of the con- vention at 10 a.m., as per the printed program. Since deciding as above, we have wondered If it were not possible for the bee-keepers around Chicago, and those from the West who will pass through here on their way to Buffalo, to make up a special car on the Nickel Plate, and go on to- gether from hero. We find that we can have a sleeping car for such purpose at .¥10.50 for the round trio per passenger, and the berth $1.50 extra, tickets with special return privi- lege of extension to Sept. 20. But there need to be at least 25 persons to go thus together in order to have the special car ; however, 30 or 35 am comfortably get into the car. Of course, ladies will be welcome to go thus as well as the gen- tlemen. Bring your wives and daughters. It will be a grand trip. But shall we all go in that special car ? What do those bee-keepers who expect to go say about It ? We'd all have a fine trip together — from 3:05 p.m. Monday till 8 o'clock the next day. Now, let all who will join in this, write us at least by Fri- day, Aug. 20, so that we can fully complete the arrange- ments. We will attend to getting your tickets and sleepiug- car berths, if you will send us the necessary$l2 to do it with, and have everything ready when you get here Monday. Come on, friends. ♦"•-^^ Honey-Xea. — Mention is made in German papers of an old man who attributes his hearty vigor in extreme old age largely to the use of what he calls honey-tea. Many will find upon trial that this same drink will be for them whole- some and refreshing. Take a teacup of hot water, put into it extracted honey in quantity to suit the taste, and there is your honey-tea all ready to sip. If extracted honey is not at hand, the liquid part drained from comb honey may be used, or even a piece cut from comb honey, only in the latter case the wax as well as the honey is present. If children must have a hot drink this will be much better for them than a decoction of coffee or tea. So says an exchange, and wisely, too. Xhe Illinois Pure-Food Laws. — Mr. Herman F. Moore, a young Illinois attorney and honey-dealer, copied the pure-food laws in force in this State, and forwarded them for publication in Gleanings. They are as follows : Criminal Code, § 471 : Be It enacted, etc., that no per- son shall mix, color, stain, or powder, or order or permit any other person in his or her employ to mix, color, or stain, or powder any article of food with any ingredient or material, so as to render the article injurious to health, or deijrecate the value thereof, with intent that the same may be sold ; and no person shall sell or offer for sale any such article so mixt, col- ored, stained, or powdered. J 473. mixt articles to be markt. No person shall mix, color, stain, or powder any article of food, drink, or medicine with any other ingredient or ma- terial, whether injurious to health or not, for the purpose of gain or profit, or sell or offer for sale, or order or permit any other person to sell or offer for sale any article so mixt, col- ored, stained, or powdered, unless the same be so manufac- tured, used, or sold, or offered for sale under its true and appropriate name, and notice that the same is mixt or Impure is markt, printed, or stampt upon each pdckaijc, roll, parcel, or vessel containing the same, so as to be and remain at all times readily visible ; or unless the person purchasing the same is fully informed by the seller of the true name and ingredients (if other than such as are known by the common name there- of) of such article of fond, drink, or medicine, at the time of making sale thereof or offering to sell the same. i 475. penalties for violations hereof. Any person convicted of violating any provisions of any of the foregoing sections of this act shall, for the./t)'.st nffcnuc, be fined not less than $'>'>. 00 nor more than $W0. For the second offense he shall be lined not less than $100 nor more than $200, or confined in the county jail not less than one month nor more than sf.r monllis, or both, at the discretion of the court ; and for the third and all sid>se'* In an attractive condition. It con- tains 200 pu^'os. and 243 Illustrations— Is beautifully printed In the hluhest stvie of the art, and bound in cloth, gold-lettered. Price, $1-00. l^angstroth on the Honey-Bee* revised by Dadant— This classic In bee-culture. hu8 been entirely re- written, and Is fully lllustruted. It treats of everything reliitlng to beea and hee-keep- InK. No apiarian library Is complete without this standard woik by Uev. Ij. L.. J--ane8troth — the Father of American Bee-Culture. It lias 520 pages; bound lu clotlL Price, postpaid, Jl.S.'i. Bee-Re tpers' Onlde, or Manual of the Apiary, by Prof A. J Cook, of the Mlchlfjan Ayrl- cultural Colleye.— This book Is nut only Instructive and helptul us a Rulde In bee-keei>lnt,'. but Is Interesting' ami thnroimlily practlcsU and scientific. It contains a lull delineation of theanatomy and physlolotry of hues. 4H0 p«t;es ; bound in cloth and fully illustrated. Price, postpaid, $1.25. Scientific t|ueen-Kearlnff, as Practically Applied, by G. M. Dooltttle.— A method by which the very best of t,»ueen-Bees are reared In perfect accord with Nature's wav. ITii pages, bound In Cloth, and Illustrated. Price. $1.00. A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. Root.— A cyclopa'tlla of 4(iU pat:es. descrlbliiK everything pertalnluM to the care of the honey-bees. It con- tains yoj enuravlnKs. It was wrjtten especially for beginners Bound In cloth. Price, $1.25. Advanced Bee-Cultnre, Its Methods and MauaKcment. by W Z. Uutchlnson.— The author of tills work Is too well known to need further description of his book, lie Is a practical and entertalnint; writer. You should read his book. 90 payes, bound In paper, and Illustrated, l*rice, 50 eta. Rational Bee-^eeplnpr, by Dr. John Dzlerzon —This Is a translation of his latest German book on bee-culture. It has ;iiJO pages: bound In paper coyers. $1.00 Blenen-Kultur. by Thomas G. Newrian. -- This Is a German translation of theprlnclpe* por- tion of the book called Bees of HONEY. 10- page pamphlet. Price. 40 cents. Convention IlnndBook, for Bce-Koepers. Thomas G. Newman.— it contains tlie parliamen- tary law and rules of order for Bee-Conventions— also Constitution and By-Laws, with subjects for dlscHssion, etc. Cloth, gold-lettered. Price, 25 cts. Thirty Vearft Amoiia tlie Beem, by Henry Alley.— Gives the results of over a quarter- century's experience in rearing queen-bees. Very latest work ol thekind. Nearly Hio pages. Price, .'^iic Wby Kat Honey?— This LeaHet is intend- ed for FKKE distrlhution, to create a Local .Market, lot) copies, by mail. :jm cts.: oIhj lor$l.-J.j; nifHi,:f2no. Hovp to K**rp Hoiiry and preserve its ij^chness and flavor. Price same as Why Kat Honey. Altxike C'lovfr Ijpaflcl.— Full directions for growing. ,50 for 2:> cts. ; UK) for 4() cts.; 2»»fi, 70c. Apiary Ko^lHtcr, by Thoa. G. Newman.— Devotes two pages to a colony, l^eather binding. Price, for so colonies. tl.iMt; for iw colonies, $1.25. Freparutloi; of IIon(*y I'or the Illarket, Including the ))roaui;tlon iiud care ot coiub and Including L.., ,-. , extracted honey. A chapter Uu.NLV I'rioe, lU cents from Bkks ant Bee-PuHtiiriKre a Necesalty. — This book 8Ug Bests what aiKi hnw to plai- U Is a chaptei- fron Beks and liu.NKV Price. 10 cents. Tlie lllve I llHc, by G. M. DooUttle. It details his management of heea. and methods of producing cnmh honoy. Prlco, o cents. I>r. lloward'M Book on Foul Brood. —Gives the McKvoy Treatment and reviews tiie ei- perlnientHof others. Price, 2', cts. Silo and SllaKo, by Prof. A .l.Cf)ok.— It gives the method In operatlnn at the Michigan Agri- cultural College. Price, 2., ciw. Winter I'rohli-ni lu UpoKeeplnjr by G. K. PlerCH. Uesult of 2.'> years' experience. ;jn cts. Ilaiidllii<> Bcc», by Ch;iH D)ldiiiH & Son.— A Chapter Irom Langstroth Kevised. Price k cts. llUtory of Boe-Assoehulons. and Brief He- orts of the first 20 conventions. Price 15 cts Foul Brood Treatment* by Prof. F. R. Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. Price, lucis. FoHl Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin. Development and Cure. Price lo cts. Practical If IntM to Bee-Kee-Keepers— by CiiAS. F. MUTH. Also contains a Foul Brood Cure uud How to Winter Bees. 40 p.; 10 cts, Bee-Kcepins: for Profit, by Dr. G. L. Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the au- thor's " new system, or how to get the largest yields of comb or extracted honey." 8u p.; illustruied. 25c. KnierKon Binders, made especbilly for the Bee Journal, are convenient for preserving each number as fast as received. Not mailable to Canada. Price, 75 cts. Commercial Calculator, by C, Ropp.— A ready Calculator, Business Arithmetic and Ac- count-Book combined in one. Every farmer and businessman shtiuld liave it. No. 1, bounU in water proof leatherette, c;iU tlnish. Price, 4o cts. No. 2 in dne artificial leather, with pocket, silicate slate, and account-book. Price. 60 cts. Green'» Four Books, by Chas. A. Green. —Devoted to, 1st. JIow We Made the OIi! Karm Pay; 2iid. Peach Culture: 3rd, llow to Propagate Kruit- Plants, Vines and Trees; 4th, General b'ruit In- structor. Nearly 120 panes. Fully illustrated. 25 cts. Garden and Orchard, by Chas. A. Green —Gives full instructions in Thinning and Marketing Fruits; Pruning, Planting and Cultivating; Spray- ing. Evaporation, Cold storage. Etc. U4 pages, illus- trated. Price. 25 cts. KondalPs Horse-Book> — .S."> pictures, showing positions ol sick horses, and treats on all their diseases. English or German. Price, 25 cts. Lumber and I-os-Book. — Gives meas- urements of lumber, logs planks; wages, etc. 25c. Iflapie Susar and the Sug-ar Bush, by Prof. A. .1. Cook.— Full instructions. Price, 35 cts. ipotis and Caponl/,iiig 1.10 IS. OurPoullry Doitor 1.10 in. (Irien's Four Books 1.15 21. Garden and Orchard 1.15 •;;!. Itural Lite 1.10 2-1. Emerson Binder lor the Bee Journal. 1.60 25. Commercial Calculator. No. 1 1.25 26. Comme-clal Calculator, No. 2 1.40 27. Kendall's Horse-Book 1.10 .•30. Potato Culture 1.20 :Vi. Hand-Book of Health 1.10 3:j. Dictionary of Apiculture l.;J5 34. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush 1.20 35. Silo and Silage.. 1.10 36. Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping 1.30 37. Apiary Register (for 50 colonies!. . . 1.75 38. Apiary Register I for 100 coloniesl . 2.00 39. Bee-Keepers' Directory 1.30 iBlirmscouNT 1 hare a Large (.luantlty of Winter-Sawed Basswood on hand, and will make Shipping- Cases at 10 per cent, discount from list price. Cases holding 15 sections. J5.00 per hundred net. First-class work guaranteed. Write for Prlce-List. AV. J. STAHMANN, Weaver, Minn. Mention the American Bee JcumaL 2 5 A8t Ulllfl/C! HONEY-EXTRACTOR iilllUI N Square Ulass Jars. Hoot's Goods at Root's Prices. Bee-Keepers' Suppi>ies in general, etc etc Setid for our uew catalog. Fraetical HinlH " will be mailed for 10c. lu BtampB. Apply to— Chas. F. Muth & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio. Honey - Clovers I We have made arraua-ements so that we can furnish seed of several ot the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with order: 5ft lOIb 251b 501b Alsike Clover.. 70 $ .25 13.00 $5.75 Sweet Clover (white). .60 1.00 2.25 4,00 White Clover iiO 1.60 3.75 7.00 AlfalfaClover 60 1.00 2.25 4.00 Crimson Clover 55 .!>0 2.00 3.50 Prices subject to market changes. Add 25 cents to your or.ler. for cartage, if wanted by freight. Vour onlers are solicited. GEORGE W. YORK & Co. CHICAGO. ILL. THE ROUND-UP ! I am still i)repared to till onlers promptly with Fine Plire-.^lali s wishing to reniaiii in sleeping cars at liuffalo, to have the cars trackt convenient to streetcar lines to any part of the city. Call on or address .T. Y. Calaban, Gen'l. Agent, 1 1 1 Adams St., Chicago, III. 2S lay?. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 507 QuGstiot^'Box^ In the multitude of couosellors there is safety.— Prov. 11-14. Bee-E«capcs and Their V§c. Query 57.— Mr. Slmmina' book eondemns the use of bee-escapee, saying- that putting them in position a'arms the bees and makes them puncture holes in the cappiugs. 1. Have you found the same objection ? 'J. What other O'jecllon, if any. have you found? — Nebr. •R. L. Taylor — 1. No. '2. No serious one. Mrs. L. Harrison — I've had no experi- ence. J. M. Hambaugh — I have never used them. E. France — We have no use for bee- escapes. P. H. Elwood— My name is " Thomas " just here. Chas. Dadant & Son— No. We like them very much. J. E. Pond — I have never used them, so can give no opinion. Jas. A. Stone — 1. No, No. 2. None — but all things in their favor. Dr. J. P. H. Brovpn— O well, that is only a Johnny Bull whimslcalUy. Eugene Secor — 1. No. 2. I have found no objection to escapes. They are all right. Rev. M. Mahin — Not having any ex- perience with bee-escapes, I can give no opinlou. Prof. A. J. Cook — I have found no ob- jection to their use, and regard them a great aid. A. F. Brown — I have used bee-escapes larifely. If properly put on I have no trouble with holes punctured in cap- pings. G. M. Dnolittle— 1. No, not to the same extent usually given by any other way of ridding the surplus honey of bees. 2. None. Dr. A. B. Mason— 1. No. 2. I have found no objection to their use, but great beueSt and saving of time and labor by using thetn. Dr. C. C. Miller— 1. I think not. 2. The principal objection is, they work too slow. Where thieves abound they might be unsafe to leave on over night. W. G. Larrabee— I have never found this or any other objection. I think they are a great help in taking off honey, especially at the end of the har- vest when bees are liable to rub. Emerson T. Abbott— I. No. 2. None. It seems to me folly to try to produce comb honey without the use of bee- escapes. Just as well try to farm with- out a harrow, using In its stead a bunch of brush to drag over the land. C. H. Dibbern — Mr. Simmins Is surely "awaviilT" in thl* instance. I have re- moved thousands of pounds by means of bee-escapes, and have noticed particu- larly that puncturing the combs was much less than by any other method I have ever tried. G. W. Demaree— In the honey season proper, the bee-escape works all right. After the honey-Dow has ji(-sf closed, and after there are oo unsealed honey in Finest Alfalfa Honey ! IT SELLS ON TASTING-. The Honey that Suits All Who Buy It. Low Prices Now! We can furnish 'White Alfalfa Extracted Honey, In 60-pouud tin cans, on board cars in Chicago, at these prices : 1 can, in a case, T}-^ cents per pound ; 2 cans In one case, 7 cents ; 4 cans (2 cases) or more, 6J-2 cents. The Cash must accom- pany each order. Fine Bass'wood Flavor Honey at same price; also in 270-Ib. barrels. i:^" A sample of either honey will be mailed to an intending purchaser, for 8 cents, to cover postage, packing, etc. We guarantee purity. GEOIIGE W. YdRK & CO., 118 Micliiffiiii Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Page & Lyon Mfg. Co. Ne-w London, "Wisconsin, Operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight million feet of lumber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest price for the manufacture of Bee-Keepers' Supplies. They have also one One of ttie Largest Factories and the latest and most-improved machinery for the manufacture of Bee-Hives, Sections, Etc., that there is in the State. The material is cut from patterns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For .Sections, the clearest and -whitest BaSS^wood is used, and they are polisht on both sides. Nearness to Pine and Basswood forests, and possession of mills and factory equipt with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the Best Goods at the Lowest Prices. Send for Circular and see the Prices on a Full Line of Supplies. Please meutio'i tho Americau Bee .Touroil. 7Att' BEE-KEEPERS SUPPLIES We make The Very Finest Line of in the Market, and sell them at Lo^w Prices. Send for Free Illustrated Catalog and Pricc-Uist. G. B. LEWIS CO., WATERTOWN, WIS. Special Ag» ut for the Soiithwest^^- ^- ""^^^^'joseph, mo. Iflr. Abbott sells our llivcs and Sections at Factory Prices. That Q,ueeii-Clipping Device Free I C'oulduH Do Without It. I have clipped 13 queens, and muat say the Monette Queen-Clipping IJevice Is by far the best invention ever made, and will be wel- come to many bee-beepers as it was to me. 1 could not do without one now. Dk. Geo. Lacke. Newburg-h. Ind. Work** Like a Cliarni. The Monette Queen-CUppIng Device works LIKE A CH.\KM. With it I have clipped 30 queens, all In one day, when examining my bees. W.M. Stui.let, Grand Island, Nebr. PLE.A.SE READ THIS OFFER TO PRESENT SUBSCRIBERS : Send us )asi one ruw name for the American Bee Journal a year (with si.OO). and we will mail you the Queen-Clipping Device free of charge. Or, the Queen-Clipping Device will be sent postpaid for 30 cts. But why not get it as a Premium by the above offer ? You can't earn W cts. any easier. Almost every bee-keeper will want this Device. GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., CHICAGO, ILL. 508 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, scattering cells, the escape does not work so well. Use good judgment in its use, ami you will Hnd it a useful device in the apiary. Every useful device to save labor must be used intelligently. H. D. Cutting— I never would think of producing comb honey without a good bee-escape, Simmins or no Simmins. If you cannot put a bee-escape under a super without the bees doing damage to the comb, you are a bungler, or are using a hive that should be discarded. J. A. Green — There is no such objec- tion. In fact, their use prevents just this thing, which is one of the reasons wny itey are valuable. There are some objections to their use, but the advan- tages gained are so great that they are hardly worth considering. Qet;)eral \icn)S. Bees Doing: First-Rate. Bees in western Connecticut are doing first-rate this season. There is more white clover than there has been in ten years altogether. H. H. Knapp. Fairfield Co., Conn., July 26. Honey Crop an Entire Failure. The honey crop of Minnesota this year so far is an entire failure. I have about 200 colonies but not one pound of sur- plus honey so far. Caterpillars did it all. F. Gent. Wright Co., Minn., July 31. Thinks He Did Well. The honey season closed with July 15, but I did real well, at least I think I did, for I got 1225 pounds of nice white honey from 29 colonies, and increast to 51 by natural swarniing, and put all second swarms back. L. A. Hammond. Washington Co., Md. Aug. 3. Clover Yielded Well. White Clover yielded well during July. Bees are booming at present on second crop of red clover, and there is consider- able white clover still in bloom. Bass- wood did not yield any this season — only about one out of five trees bloomed at all. F. L. MURKAV. Lafayette Co., Wis., Aug. 2. A Year of Plenty for Bees. I am happy to report a year of plenty for the bees in this section. We have had so many off years that I did not ex- pect anything out of tlie ordinary, but the bees seemed to know better than their keeper when to look for a honey flow, for they commenced to swarm and after-swarin, and the prime swarms would casj swarms until I was heartily sick of swarming. 1 did not want in- crease, so I have run ihcni back and doubled up till every hivo in the yard, supers and all. Is brimful of bees. I am master of them at present, but these strong colonies — '.JO in number — might make It quite interesting for me yet. I have been successful with the method or plan of uniting swarms in two hive-bodics for a day or two, and then Foundation — Sections — Hives or any Other Supplies. If you are in a riiKli, send me your order. I sell llie be*l only, a,nd fill orders promptly at LOWEST PHIOE, l*ee»\vax wanted iu exoliaii^c. Working Wax 'TJtl^'ltm A Specialty. ^^ Write for Catalog and Price-Ltst. with Samples of Foundatioa and Sections. GUS DITTMER, AIJfillNTA, WIS. SEE THAT WINK ! Bee - KupplioM I Root's Goods at Koot's Priues. Pouder's Honey - Jars, and every thing- used by i^ee-keepers. Prompt ser- vice, low freight rate. Cat tree. Walter S. Pouder, 162 Mass. Ave.. Indianapolis. Indiana •Wnr''PoViDtR'-ifi>' 'V-'Et ANS^L' l^r IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more completely tlian any other published, send 11.2.5 to Prof. A.J. Cook, Claremont. Calif., tor his Bee-Keeper's Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. J^Jc■o^'or• i}i,c Amcrieim lift- Irni.riut'. PATEHT WIRED COMB FOnSDATIOB Han IMo Sag In Kroofl-Framen Thin Fl>it-i;oUum Foiindation Has Rio Fisht)ODe in the SerplDS Done;. Helnu tbe cleaneai 1b usualiy worker tbe galckest of any KoaDduttoD made J. A. VAIN DEI'SKIN. Sole Manufaotarer. Soront Brnofe MnniBomerT ( o ** V II' You Keep but One Kenifdy '"""^\'i?Xou,dbe YELLOWZONES They Combine the Virtues ot a Medicine Chest. Tbe Very Best greneral-servJce Remedy to be hud AT AINY PKICE. A supply otzonet Cathartics '» "ow adiifd lo each i ox. 100 in a Box, 11.00—17 In a Hos. 25c. W. B. House, Drawer 1, Detour, Mich. 15.\tf Please mention the Bee Journal. Hc'iticn >;/'-« American Bee jOtiTTiGl ONE MAN WITH THE UNION <=°-|;--'°~ Can do the work of four men using hand tools. In KIppluK, CutthifT-otr, Mi- tring. Kabhetlng. Groov- liiK. Gaining. Dadoing *=Tr-^--=/.7^V^iJft' E"jglng-up. Jointing 8tuff T^ ^ j/j!^^^ etc. Full Llneol" Foot and "*^" ^*^ " ■ ^- *^ Hand Power Machinery Sold on Trial. Caliiloj-up Free. MiNK»'A KAl,l,«i HIFG. CO., 48 Water St SENECA FALLS, N. y lAly '.i/entio.. the Amerimn Bet .utuma' Hy ISeHiru Iiiail. L'nt.esled, .)0(!. ; Tested, $1 .00, Nuclei.:; I rami'. $i.UO. Including a good Queeu Itee.s hy tf'C Pound. E. ii. <;AUUir«<> HON, 22Atr Ue Kiiiilak Nprlii:;*, Fla. Merdifm the American Hee. Jnurna'- Vail Deuseii Thin Fdii. A lew 'J.^-pound ho.xcs ol VanDeuscn Tliiii Su- per ComLi Foundation at *11. 00 per box. Be quick If you want a box of it. Address, TIIK A. 1. ICOOT 4:0., 118 Michigan St. - Ciiic.«ii). li.i,. Italian Queens drive them into one and pile on the supers. I hive after-swarms in a box on the parent colony, aud shake them out the next day. It beats queen-cell cut- ting, two to one, for the swarming mania must be satisfied in some way, or they will sulk during the harvest. Sad experience that of Emm Dee, in his honey-take and wide-frame mishap. No doubt the good Doctor will have a full bee-space under his chin covering the next time, and his lamp trimmed ready for emergencies. Perhaps you might persuade him, Mr. York, to get a modern hive, with supers and bee-escape. A. B. Baibd. Fayette Co., Pa., July 26. Bees Booming'. My bees are booming. I have taken 3800 pounds of white clover honey. G. F. Daniels, Will Co., 111., Aug. 2. Good Prospect for Fall Crop. I have a fine lot of extracted white clover honey. Bees are still doing pretty well, and 1 think the prospect for a fall crop is good. J. W. Sanders. Marshall Co., Iowa, Aug. 2. White Clover Nearly a Failure. White honey is nearly a failure in this (Tompkius) county this year; too wet. Basswood was two weeks late, and it has rained for three weeks nearly every day — 5 Inches of water. I shall be in Buffalo if it is possible. The convention comes in a very bad time. Buckwheat bloom will be in Its height then. W. L. Coc4G8HALL. Tompkins Co., N. Y., July 80. * Honey Crop Cut Short. The continued dry weather during the first half of July, has cut our crop of honey very short — none to speak of. The linden bloo'n lasted only two or three days, tho the bloom was good ; but two or three days of hot winds dried it up. Bees were in fine condition to gather a large crop. Just what the fall harvest is going to be we are unable to tell at this date. We got a little white clover honey, and that is all, and but a few new swarms. J. M. YouNG. Cass Co., Nebr., July 23. A Report from West Virginia. I commenced this season with 25 col- onies, all black, but May was so cold and wet they dwindled all through the month, and did not build up to do much good till late in June, aud during May and until June 20 we had such sudden cold winds ; the sun would shine and the bees would lly out, when up would come a cloud with" cold wind and rain, and thereby chill and cause a loss, perhaps half of the field-bees. About .luno 25 it turned warm, and still rained, and is still raining, so the bees cannot get out to the field half of Ihe day, so our honey crop will be very short. Our bees did not begin to swarm till July S — the latest I ever knew bees to swarnj. I let 5 colonies swarm, then I stopt It. I have gotten 100 one-pound sections harvested to date (July 22), and it Is I6y7. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 509 i!£^! Beeswax For all the Ciood, Pure V'ellow Bees'^ax delivered to our oflice till further notice, we will pay '2i cents per pound, CASH ; or 27 cents for whatever part is exchauped for the Bee Journal, Honey, Books or Seed, that we offer. If you want casta, promptly, for your Beeswax, send it on at once. Impure wax not taken at any price. Address as follows, very plainly, GEO. W. YORK & CO. 118 Michig-anst., CHICAGO, ILL. CARLOADS Ol Hee-Uivcs. Sections, Ship- ping-Cases. Comb Foundation, ftnrt Everytblng used in the Bee-lndu8try. We want the name and ad- - dress of every Bee-Keeper tn ■^ America. We supply Deal- ers as well as consumers. We have Dry Kiln, Improved Machinery, 40 000 feet ot Uoor space, and all modern appliances. We make prompt shipment. Write for Catalogs. Quotations, etc. Inter-State MauiifactiiriBE Co,, HI>D!i, 30A3 SWARTS. Greene Co., Pa. Beautiful Honey-Cases Made by the A. I. Root Co., at their prices. Beetitvax Wanted. n. H. HII>T, Bell Branch, micli. Whew Answcriho -his Advertisement memtioh ^^m jouRn<>. pec I^CPDPDC I Let me send you my 64- DLL~^LL^LnO ■ page Catalog lor lSvJ7. J. ITl. JeukinSf IVetumpka, 41a* Full Colonies for Sale —FINE ITALIAN.HV BRIDS- 30 miles northwest of Chicago. In 9frame Langstrotb hives. Bees In good condition. Only a lew colonies. Too warm to ship long distance. Prices— $5.00 uercolon\ ; 5 colonies, at $J.75 each ; or 10 colonies at $4..")0 each, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., CHICAGO, ILLS. XHi-: a^ii)rica:\ siioier i,i:>i': ClIK'AtiiO A.XO KI l'FAI,0,>. V. is the Nickel Plate Road. Tickets will be on sale Aug. 21st, 22nd and 23rd at $I0..50 for the round trip account G. A. R. Encam^pment. Returning cither via rail or water. Arrangernents have been made for the comfort of our patrons. Extension of time will be granted until Sept. 20th, if tickets are deposited with the Joint Agent in Buffalo, between Aug. 23rd and 27th. Mr. J. Y. Cala- han, Gen'l. Agent, 111 Adams St., Chi- cago, III., will be pleased to furnish in- , formation in regard to train service, etc. H. Thorne, C. P & T. A. 29 very fine honey, tho quite red and very thick and sweet. I take it to be clover honey. I think I will get one super of 28 one-pound sections filled by each colony, spring count. I would bo glad if some one would give an article in the American Bee .lournal on color, taste and gravity of honey, of a few of the leading honey- plants. Long live tho "Old Reliable," as it Is a welcome visitor every week. I could not do very well without it. Ira Shocket. Randolph Co., W. Va., July 21. He Makes It a Big: Success. I made a trip with 100 sections of comb honey one day last week, and re- ceived §25 in cash for the 100. This was just fun for me and my noble horse. We will make another trip this week. I had a pretty good crop this year — 28 colonies in the spring, and now have 49 to go into winter. Yes, you always send the Bee Journal right along, paid or not paid ; when I begin to sell honey or ex- hibit bees at a fair, it reminds me that the Journal pays itself. Neighbors and others wonder so much how in this world I manage to produce such a nice, large amount of comb honey, or even have bees on exhibition at a fair. Yes, and then when I pronounce or show the American Bee Journal, and say, " This is my guide," they look at me as tho they doubted it. E. B. Kauffman. Lancaster Co., Pa., July 26. Kerosine a Bee-Sting Remedy. From time to time I see the question askt in the American Bee Journal about the best remedy for avoiding swelling from bee-stings. I will give a simple treatment, which I have found to be all right. Having some 60 colonies I have had to work quite a little amongst the bees, and whenever I was stung my hands and arms would swell and be painful and irri- tate for 3 or 4 days. Having heard that kerosine was good for mosquito bites, I thought I would try it for bee-stings, and I have found it to overcome the swelling and pain. This is how I pro- ceed before working on my hives : I roll up my shirt sleeves, take the kerosine can and rub my hands and arms well with the oil. 1 then slip a pair of old stockings with the feet cutoff (which I keep for the purpose) over my arms, and go to work, and tho I may get stung, I find there is no after swelling nor irri- tation. May be some of our fellow bee- keepers, whose skin is rather tender, may find this remedy a good one. J. W. Dkntf.b. Middlesex Co., N. J. ^X. Poor Season in Minnesota. In the Bee Journal July 29, under "Editorial Comments," it says that marketing a large honey crop will be the principal work of a good many bee- keepers during the next six months. But I tell you, Mr. Editor, if a change doesn't take place soon, the bee-keepers in Minnesota won't be troubled much in marketing their honey. The bees along in the forepart of June had to be fed or they would have died. The latter part of June and the forepart of July they did very well — stored honey in the brood- P. P OI^ECAI^OET RICH. If he makes enoiiph money n and savfs it, I The Market Garden j/^^ MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., V/^ Tells how to make and save -\(^S money at Market Gardening. 50c a year. Sample Tree AieiUian the American BeeJ^yumal. The RURAL CALIFORNIAN Tells all about Bees In California. The yields and Price of Honey; the I'aatur- aire and Nectar - Producing^ Plants; the Bee- Ranches and how they are conducted. In fact the entire field is fully covered by and expert bee-man. Ilesidee this, the paper also tells you alt about Caliroriila AsxriciiUiire and Horllciiliiire. $1.50 per Year; Six Months, 75 cents- Sample Copies 10 cents. THK RURAL CALIFORNIAN, 218 N. Main St., - Los Angeles, Calif. Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Head what J. I. PARKNT.of Cha KLTUN. N. v., Bays— "We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, laat winter 5i' cbaff hives with 7-in. cap, H«J honey-rackB. 5()0 broad f rameB, a.fx m honey-boxes and a Kreat deal of other work. Thi8 winter we have doable the amount of bee- hives, etc., to make and we expect to do it withthisSaw. It will do all you say Itwill. CutalOKue and Price • List Free. AddreSB. W. F. A.JOHN BARNK8. 45Ctf No.99.=i KubyBt.. Kockford, 111. GOLDEN QUEENS And protreny warranted to tnke premium at the Fairs. Terms upon application. J. F. Michael, Greenville, Ohio. Please mention the Bee Journal. 14Btl n . . ■-. n >.. n I have 300 Untested 3 or 5 IJllPPrm Banders— 4.ic. each. Tested 3 U^LLUW^i-l Banders. TOc. each. They are Fine, Large Queenp. and Tree from all disease. This is a Money Order office. Wriie for whole- sale prices. OAIlfll HlRTll, Falmontli, liusli Co., Ind. 28E4t Please mention the Bee Journal. UNG DISEASES. .in years' experience. If your case is sufficiently serious torequire expert medi- cal treatment, address Dr. Peiro, liX) State St.. Chicago. ^ ^ ^ California If you care to know of Its Fruits, Flowers OUmate or Resources, send for a Sample Copy of California's Favorite Paper— The Pacific Rural Press The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely Illustrated 00 per annum. Sample Copy Free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 220 Market St.. - SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. JT67)f 'O'i t/i€ Amcricu'iL ace JoumaJ^, Golden Beauties and 3-Banded Or IMPORTED STOCK. SUver-Gray Carniolans. Dntes ed, 50c ; Tested, 75c. Safe arrival guaranteed. Address. Judge E. T. TEBRAL & CO. 26Atf Cameko.v. Texas. MeniK-n the American Bee JoumaJU 510 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Aug. 12, EmployNature The best plij-sichm to heal jour ills. Scud lor FREE Pamphlet explainlDg how diseases of the Blood. Skin. Liver. Kidneys and Lungs can be cured without drugs. F. HI. SPRINGS CO., Lock Box No. 1 l,IBEKTVVIl,l,E, ILL. Mention the American Bee Journal A GENUINE Egg Preservative That will keep Hen's Esfi-'S perl'eetly Ihrousrh ■warm weather, just as (food as fr sh ones for cooking and frostiuK. One man paid 10 rents a dtiz^^n for llieevgs he preserved, and then later sold them for 'J.i cents a dozen. You can preserve thetn tor about 1 cent i»er dozen. Now is the time to do It. while eggs are cheap. Address for Circular giving further infor- mation— Dr. A. B. m.VSON, 3j1 2 Monroe Street, - Toledo. Ohio. WHEN Answering this advertisement, mention this journm. A Special Booklet Kargaiii ! For a limited lime we wish to make our readers a i»[ie<-lal oftVr on booklets on Bees. Pouliry. Health, etc. Upon receipt ol 75 cent** we will mail any onlz ng HOc 0. Hand-Book ol Health, by Dr. Foote.. a5c 7. Kendall's HorfcEook 25o 8. HuralLife 3ftc !). Kopp's Commercial Calculator 2ne 10. Ki.ul Brood, by Kohnke 10c 11. Silo and Silage. Iiy Piof Cook 2.=)C 12. Bieneu-Kultur, by Newman 40c GEORGE W. YORK & CO., - CHICAGO, ILLS. D11PES1\'E f COLLECiE ! Penn Ave. and Eighth St. Thorough Courses — Normal, Commercial, La- dles Literary. Shorthahd and Typewriting. Klliclenl and experienced instructors, l^ay and Night sessions. Send for Catalog. Prof. LEWIS EDWIN VORK, Preti. For Sale or Exctiajige. Good Farm and 40 Colonics of Bees. Address W. E. HIATKIN, Howell, Ark. vi:i Tin: :\i4-i*:i':i. i>i.,%'ri: i:4»ai» account the G. A. R. Encanipment. Choice of either rail or water trip re- turning. Do not miss this opportunity of attending one of the greatest reunions of the old comrades. Tickets on sale Aug. 2 1st, LilJtid and LJlird. For full In- formation, call or address J. Y. Calalian, Gou'l. Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, 111. 27 lfllniie»4ota. —The third annual meeting of the Southern Minnesota Bee-Keepers* Ass<)ui- ution will be held In vvinona. Wednesday and Thursday, Sept. 15 and I'J 1S!)7. opening at n o'clock, a.m., each day. Ail are cordially Invited to come and bring thi'lr fi-iends. Winona, Minn. E. C. COHNWEor,, Sec. nests and started in the supers, having It in all stages, a little capt, but not much, and some had cases of '27 sections to the case nearly all filled with honey, but they didn't get any honey to finish them. They have only made their liv- ing for the last three weeks, with plenty of white clover and Alsike. I would not be surprised to see them taking the nncapt honey down to the brood nest, but I suppose we must live in hopes of better times coming. John Turnbull. Houston Co., Minn., Aug, 4. Bee-Keeping in 'West 'Virginia. The season here has been wet and not very favorable. Spring count I had six colonies, which I have iucreast to 15. White clover has been very pleirtiful. From three colonies I have taken 85 one- pound sections of honey and sold them in the home market for S>I2.75. My bees are the Adel strain. I regard them as the best and hardiest I have ever had. Success to the American Bee Journal. S. F. Samp.son. Greenbrier Co., W. Va., July aO. Doctor^s J-Jirjts Ily- Dr. PEIUO, Central .Music Hal!, *» Chicago, III. ♦iraceful Figure.— The nearer woman follows in the steps of Nature the most perfect will he her form and health. Tight lacing not only deforms an attractive body, but engenders con- ditions from which arise some of woman's most painful and fatal diseases. The better way to acquire a suple, wil- lowy form and carriage is by daily, but gentle, physical exercises which can be learned from a variety of reliable text- books on the subject, which can be bought of any reliable book-store. The rubber gymnastic tubes, bought for a dollar or two, are very good and will last years. A book of directions accom- panies the purchase. Persist in well doing. Soft, "White Hands.— All girls (and ple^uty of the other sex) are anxious to have them, and it is perfectly proper they should. Of course, playing tunes on the wash-board, digging " taters " and raking hay Is not likely to bleach the hands or make them soft, but even where such work must be done the hands can be kept In excellent condition with a little care. If on going to bed you put a handful of bran in warm water, and soak the hands for ten min- utes, dry well and apply this ointment, well rubbed in, you will notice excellent results : Mutton suet, camphor gum, and ni- trate of bismuth ; a teasoonful of the last two ingredients to a pound of the suet, put in a cup and melt In a dish of hot water (not on the fire) and let cool. Rub a little of the ointment thoroughly over the hands (no damage from its use), then put on an old pair of kid gloves and remove them In the morning, briskly rubbing the hands before wash- ing them In warm water and thoroughly drying. This should bo done daily to keep the hands pliant and soft. In time the skin beomes like velvet, Imparting a A Buok Heeoiuniciided by Dr. Gtillup. THENEWMETHOD lis Health, and disease. By W. E Forest. M. D.. 13th Edition. Re- vised. Illustrated, and Enlarged. This is the greatest and best work ever publisht as a Home PnTsiciAN, and as A CaiiUlc lo llealtli. It makes the way from Weakness to $$tr<-iij^tl> so plain that only those who are past recovery (the very few) need to be sick, and the well who will follow its teachings cstnnol be !iMea!i>e!i> are considered, and there is not a curable disease that has not been belpt by some of the ^' Xt'w Jl/i'lhfid.s'" given here; even those who have been pronounced i'on- »^itii«ptiv4' have been entirely cured. While for ISlx-'iiiiialisiii. In.r!>i>«-|><>i:i, I'oiisligtaaion, DyKfnlar.v, B.ivoi- :iii«l liiy 'I'l-oBiUlf^M, 4':ilaa*i'li, lOiiisicia- lion. is. Don't Spice the Cliildren.— No, Mrs. Sinclair, it is unadvisable to allow children stimulating substances in their food — red pepper, mustard, or even considerable nutmeg and ginger. They are not only injurious to digestion, but too exciting to their tender nervous sys- tems. These strong stimulants have, no doubt, been responsible for much evil, and should be avoided. Dr. Peiro. 4(ii«en!< an«l to 6o,; amber. -t to -l^c. Beeswax. '2.> to '27c. The remnants ol old crop honey remaining are not very latere, acid mostly ot common aud medium quality, and such Is very hard to sell at any price. There has been some new ex- tracted received, but not of the best quality — tblnk It was extracted too soon, as it is thin and «atery. and nut very salable. The de- mand is as good as usual at this st-ason Think we are sale in holdiug out encouragement to shippers that for the new crop ot choice qual- ities of comb aud extracted honey this mir- ket will give them as good results as any other. Philadelphia, Pa, July 27.-Fancy white. 12 to lyc ; No 1. 10 to lie; fancy amber.!) to 10c. Extracted, white. 5 to Be; amber, 4 to .=10.; dark. 4c. Beeswax, 2.ic. New houey. both comb and extracted. Is arriving in small quantities. Good authority places Calilornia crop at 300 cars. Prices will rule low. California honey selling at 314c. for mlxt cars of bgflt aud amber extracted. Buffalq, IT. T., Jnly 26. — Fancy white, new. 11 to 12e ; No. 1, 10 to lie; fancy am- ber. 8 to He: No. 1 7 to 8c.; No. 1 dark, 6 to 8c. F.xtracled white. 5 to 6c.; amber. 4 to 5c. Beeswax, 24 to ■i7c. Few arrivals; new selling fairly well. Old is cleaned up. and moderate amounts of new can now be sold. Jhlp In crates ol. say, 150 pounds, with handles on same, and well secured. Cleveland, Ohio. Jnly 24.—Fancy white, 11 to 12e: No. 1. 10c. ; fancy amber. 7c.; fan- cy dark. 6c. Our first shipment of new honey just ar- rived, and selilug at 13c. No demand lor old honey, but new. we believe. Is going to se 1 fairly well. St. iouis. Mo., July 27.— Fancy white, 12 to 12^0.; No. 1. 11 to 1 1 lie; No. 1 amber. 9 to loVic: No. 1 dark. 6 to 8c. Extr.icted. white. 4Ji to 5'.ic. ; amber, 4 to iVic; dark, 3 to 4c. Boeswax, 24 to 24^0. Kxtracted honey In barrels has been selling fairly well for two weeks, We sold 4,500 pounds of amber last week at 4 'Ac. Indianapolis, Ind., July 24.— Fancy white 10 to 12!4c.; No 1. ;J to 10c. Extracted, white. 5 to 6c. ; amber. 4 to 5c. Beeswax. 25 to 27c. Fair demand in the jobbing way for grades mentioned above. No demand at all for dark or amber comb honey. Kansas City, Mo., Jnly 26.— No. 1 white. 12toi:sc; laiKvamber.il to 12c.; No. 1. 10 'ollc; fancy dark. 9 lo 10c. ; No. 1. 6 to 8c. Extracted, white .". tooKc. ; amber. 4V4 tooe; dark. 3V4 to 4c. Beeswax, 23 to 30c. San Prancisco, Calif., Jnly 28.— White comb. 1-lbs.. 7 to He; amber comb. 4 to 6e. Extracted, white. 4>4 tooe; light amber. 3^ to 4c.; daik tule, 25^0. Beeswax, fair to choice. 23-263. , , . There Is some inquiry, but no special activ- ity to record. It being difficult to get bujers and sellers to agree on terms. Shippers are not disposed to name over 4Hc. for extracted, and they want a tine article at that figure. In a local way slit'htly better prices are real- ized, but demand on home account is ot slight order. New York, N. Y., July 29.- Our market Is bare ot conib himcy. and some demand for white at Irocii lO-llc. Market on extracted 1« rather weak; demand slow of late and ar- rivals plenty. We quote: Southern, average comiuoii grade. 5Uc per gallon: better grades from 33-60C.: (Jalllornia light amber. 4H- 4}£ ■.; white. 5-3'4c. Beeswax remains steady at 26-27e Detroit, Mi h., July 31— Fancy white, 11- 12c.; No. 1 ivhiti', 10-1 le; fancy amber. U-10; No. I ambHi-, H-yc. White, extracted, 5 -Be.; amber, 4-5c. Beeswax. 2o-26c. Honey Is not selling very brisk just now on account of the fruit. Albany, N. Y., Jnly 31.— Fancy white, 1 1® 12c.; fancy amber, 7@8c.; fancy dark. 6@8c.; white, extracted, oc ; dark. 4c. But very little Is doing In boney this month. There is a small slock ot inferior comb honey on the maruet. and qcdte a llitle extracted. Bees are Slid to be doing nicely in this sec- tion. Minneapolis, Minn., July 31. — Fancy white. 12f®14c.; No. 1 white. Iliai2c.; fancy amber. lOffflllc ; No. 1 amber. 9 Oty, .Tlo. 0. C. CLKMOM8 & Co., 423 Walnut SI RuShIo, N. ¥. Batterson c& Co.. 167 & 169 Scott Si. Hamilton, Ills. CHA8. Dadant Jfc Son. Phlladelplita, Pa. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St. Cleveland, Ohio. A. B. Williams & Co., 80 & 82 Broadway. St. LonlH, no. Westcott Com. Co.. 213 Market St 7Iinneapolis, minn. S. H.Hall & Co. milnraukee. Wis. A. V. Bishop k Co. Boaton, IHaoH. Blake. Scott & Lee., 57 Chatham Street. Detroit, Mirta. M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Wai-teh i. ? IJO.JII. Icj ! .VI iss ichusetts Ave Albany, N. Y. Chas. McCullocu & Co., 380 Broadway. Cincinnati, Oblo. C. r. MOTB & Son. cor. Freeman & Central A vs. Tested 50 CENTS EACH lilol ' My new [18971 book on Queen- AUei Bearing win give a method for «,„„„„ rearing Queens in the brood- vUtclls chamber while the queen Is pres- ent. Mailed free to all who pur- chase Queens. H. AIiIiEV, 3>A4 Wenliani, 7Ia88. Mention ^heAmcncan Bee .'o'l'-n.c.!. Please Send Us the Names of your neighbors who keep bees, and we will send them sample copies of the Beb JoimNAL. Then please call upon them aal get them to subscribe with you, and secure some of the premiums we offer. 51 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. August 12. 1897. ■i a^ ■■ M A Copy of tlILL Sui-cessfiil Kee-Kcepiiig, i n i r I'y W. Z HutcblDSon : I 1 1 Ib k and our 1897 Catalog, tor 2- cetit stamp, or a cnpy of the Cataloii lor llie Af>kiiis. We make alinust Everyiliiiis used by Bee-Keepcrs, and at liOwoNt Frices. Oi'R Falcon Polisht Sections a,rt' warranted Superior to All Others. Don't buj" cheaply nnd roughly made Goods. when you can have ilie best— »tii-li an we make. The Amerif ail Bee - Keeper Imonihly. now in its 7th year] 36 Pages— 50 Cents a Year. t AMPLE KKEE— ADDKESS, THEW.T.FAIAmEHMFIJ.CO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. Texas Queens ! By return mall. Best honey g-atherlnir strain in America. Untested, ".iu. Select Warran- ted. $1.00. J. n. ^ilVE^S, Lisbon, Tex. 9A26t Mention the American Bee Journal I AEISE TO SAY to the readers of the BEE JOURNALthat DOOLITTLE has concluded to sell -BKE8 and yUKENS- In their 8eaH<.>n. during 1897, at thefollowlnc prices : One Colony of ItalianB on 9 Gallup frames. In lishtBhippinK-boi $fiO0 Five Cofonlea 25 00 Ten ColonieB 4SO0 1 untested queen, i w 6 " queens 5 50 12 " " 10 00 1 teate'l Queen... fi50 8 " Queens . 3 5o 1 select tested queen 2 i.o 3 " *' yueenB4'X» Selecttesied queen, previous season's rearing . 4 on Bxtra Selected for breedtng. the vert best. . 5 0.-iKe 1' eisco is I ho Bdelityof ourlhousamlsofAKenus Miuiyot Ih.-iii claiinthat it islhc Kcnuino »ati«lacllon deny ■(! - ' '--■■-^ r.-itlicrth;iii tiic frtmi iKHMlliiiu' 1 li p...li rv bt'sf :irti jrll] ul tlir liiisinc'ss. Cll-liiilllTS arc Iri'c lor-xprcss lli;nil:s l..r li:ivinc Im-i-ii iiulufca tt>|mrch;isi_.. Kiiouu'li i.i iiiaUc ;irnl"Kly ii;ii>py PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. '»,'.."y.if;": ■"-ye .■ :-ifi 'Jce jV'-ir'^,v, ^^ Of the lipst strains 11 ■ ■ ^^ ^k ■<• .«k "' «Joldi-ii mid UllRRnS "'''-^^^■""' ULIvlwllw One. 7.iu.; '.i, $1 40; % :i, $i. 00. Tested. $1 gate arrU'al and satisfaction guaranteed. 1 and 2 cent stamps taken— wrap carefully. Address, Van Allen & Williams, Wmmn, Wis. 8Etf MenlSonUie American Bee jDunia^, •QADANT^S t FOUNDATION Sliiping-Cases and Cans for Honey. « i: «iJ|lAKAI\ri;i'; S.III^FA* ri«."\. niiat moi-*- yo«ly €lo? BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS- The Classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. BEES'WAX -WAXTEO FOR NEXT SEASOIV'S USE CHAS. DADANT & SON, Please mention the Am. Bee Journal. HAMILTON, Hancocli Co., ILL. 41 eMowiO'Me 411 eMowioMf t 1 Our business is making Sections. We are located in the basswood belt of Wis- consin; therefore the material we use cannot be better. We have made the fol- lowing prices : Ko. 1 Snow-White. 500 for $1.25 1000 for 2.50 2O00 for 4.75 3000 for 6.75 No. 1 Cream. 500 for $1.00 1000 for 2.00 2000 for 3.75 3000 for 5.25 If larger quantities are wanted, write for prices. Priee-List of Scclioiici, Foundations, Veils, Smokers, Zinc, Etc., Sent on application. oAiot MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. The Bee-Keeper' s Guide This 15th and latest edition of Prof . Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and substantial cloth binding-, we propose to give away to our i>resent subscribers, for the work of getting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. A description of the book here Is quite un- necessary—it is simply the most complete sci- entific and practical bee-book published to- day. Fully illustrated, and all written in the most fascinating style, The author Is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to re- quire any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, with- out "The Bee-Keeper's Guide." GEORGE W. YORK & Given For 2 Xcw Subscribers. The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers— simply the Bee Journal tor one year : Send us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Journal (with *2.U0), and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book free as a premi- um. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for81.'i.5, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year —both together for only 81.75. But surely anybody can get only 2 new subscribers to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the boo' as a premium. Let everybody try for if Will you have one ''' CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicafiro, 111. THE ROOT NO-DRIP SHIPPING CASES. Why throw away good money on home-made or poorlj'-made Cases — such as will let the honey drip through them ? Commission men have told us that honey put up iu our Ca.ses brings one or two cents more per pound. A word to the wise is sufficient. The Porter Bee-Escape. Acknowledged to be the best in the worid. Cleans supers of bees without smoking, brushing, shaking, or uncapping the honey. The Root-Cowan Extractors. Have been and are the standard the world over. Packaares for Extracted Honey. We are bead-quarters for everything in this line. The New Weed Drawn Foundation. This is a success. Don't take the statement of any one else, but send for sam- ples and try it yourself. I'ieces 4 inches square, running about 11 feet per lb., are now being sent out. I'l-ioes— 3 pieces, 4x4, 10c. ; by mail. 13c. 10 pieces, 35c. ; mail, iiOc. 24 pieces, .'iOc. ; mail. (iOc. And it we can catch up on orders for the small lots, we will furnish it in half-pound packages at 7.")C. with other goods, or 'tOc. postpaid. THE A. I. ROOT CO. Factory and Mala Office, MEDINA, O. BK-A-rrCK OFFICES : 11§ lTIiclii;:an St., Chtcaso, III. Syracuse, N. Y. 10'.il Miss. Sir., SI. I>aiil, ITlinn. mechanic Falls, lUainc. lO Vine St., Pliihulelphia, Pa. l^uhUsUt ■Weekly at llt> XlicUlgau Street. SIMO a year— Sample Copy jPree. 37tliyear. CHICAGO, ILL., AUGUST 19, 1897. No. 33. Now New Subscribers 4 September— Oct.— Nov.— December 4 4 MONTHS FOR 25 GTS. 18 Weeks — 16 Copies — of the American Bee Journal for but 25 cents ! Can you afford to miss that f Get Your Bee-Keepiug Friends and Neighbors to Take the Old American Bee Journal. We would like to have each of our present readers send us lii'O new subscribers for the Bee Journal before October 1, 1897. That surely will not be hard to do, when each will need to pay only 25 cents for the last 4 months of this year, or only about 6 cents a month for the weekly American Bee Journal. Any one with only a colony or two of bees should jump at such an offer as that. Now, we don't ask you to work for us for nothing, but will say that for each 2 new25-ct. subscribers you send us, we will mail you your choice of one of the followini; list: Wood Binder for the Bee JourDal 20c. 30 copies of lenflet on " Why Eat Honey?" -'Oc. 50 '• '• on ■'How to Keep Honey " 20c. 30 •■ " on " Alsike Clover" 20c. 1 copy each "Preparation of Honey for the Market "(10c.) and UooUttle's " Hive I Use " I3c.i 15c. 1 copy each Dadants' "Handling Bees" {8c.)aDd *' Bee- Pa8tura»re a Necessity " (lOc.) 18o. Dr. Howard's book on "Foul Brood/' 25c. Kohnke's " Kuul Broud " book 23c. Cheshire's " Foul Brood " book (10c.) and Dadants' " Hand- ling Bees" [8c ] 18c. l)r. Foote'8 Hand-Bookof Health 25c. Rural Life Book 25c. Our Poultry Doctor, by Fanny Felld 25c. Poultry for Market and Profit, by Fanny Field 25c. Capons and Capouizing 25c. Turkeys for Market and Profit 25c. Green 8 Four Books on Frult-Growlng 25c. Kopp Commercial Calculator No. 1 25c. Silo and Silage, by Prof. Cook 25c. Bienen-Ku Itur [German] 40c. Kendall's Horse- Book [English or German] Q5c. 1 Pound White Clover Seed 23c. 1 " Sweet '• '• 25c. IH •' Alsike " " 23c. Ii4 •• Alfalfa " " 23c. m •' Crimson " " 23c. The Horse— How to Break and Handle 20c. We make the above offers only to those who are now sub- scribers ; in other words, no one sending in his own 25 cents as a new subscriber can also claim a choice of the above list. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 118 Michigan St., - CHICAGO, ILL. jSE Laying Queens Fighting — An Experience. BY J. A. GOLDESr. I saw Dr. Miller's question (" Whoever saw laying queens fight? I never did"), and was going to write what little ex- perience I had observed along that line, but let it slip by, and after reading Mr. Bankston's remarks, which I thought at the time were very much uncalled for in the way he exprest J. A. Golden. himself, and sure enough Dr. Miller is quite justified in writ- ing his open letter on page 466. A moral lesson should be learned from it, for it is getting to be a very common thing for some one to up and confound some one's experience as 514 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 19, falsity in apiculture, just because they had not realized the same results; then to Rive vent to his over-charged caliber, and say, "These are immaginary notions ; there's nothing in it," and so on. There is much to learn in apiculture — about bees, queens, and the production of honey, and I apprehend that there is no one so wise in the long catalog of bee-keepers but may learn something about bees, and that's the grand mission of our jouruals oa bee-culture — to distribute this knovfledge. My answer to Dr. Miller's question as I had discovered, is as follows: 1 think it was in 1894,1 had reared from an imported Italian queen one of the blackest queens I ever saw, and called her "Black Bess," and took much delight in show- ing her and her yellow progeny. I often said I would give a nickel if anybody would show me a two-band bee in the colony. Having, as I thought, a queenless colony, I took " Black Bess " and introduced her to that colony, and reared one from her colony from which she was taken, and after her bees be- gan to fly I noticed about as many hybrids in the play as the yellow, and I began to study the cause. I at once made an examination, and on the flrst frame examined " Black Bess " was busy laying. Not satisfied, and looking on the third frame there my curiosity was satisfied — a fine, large, mis- mated queen was also depositing eggs. Thus they continued until I requeened another colony with " Black Bess." The same year I bought a queen, and when introducing I usually take oue out and put the other in by the candy plan. Having the two cages- lying handy, I caught the queen and accidentally, or carelessly, pickt up the cage, took out the end plug, and let the queen run in, putting in the plug, and turned the cage wire side up, and found I had put the queen in the wrong cage, and in a jiffy my dollar queen was cut nearly in two, and if any one doubts this statement, I am ready to affirm it. The honey-flow throughout this locality is fairly good. I expect to report the result of my hiving-back method at the close of the season. Morgan Co., Ohio. Sweet Clover Defeuded^ — Its Varied Values. BY MK8. L. E. R. LAMBRIGGER. I shall preface my remarks with a statement that may be taken unkindly by some, but let us keep good-natured, at all hazards. I think all will agree with me that it is to the in- terest of each and every bee-keeper that they learn all that it Is possible to learn concerning every one of our honey-plants. To succeed in any calling we must have knowledge and apply it intelligently. Beekeepers as a class are lame in botany — awfully lame ; this ought not to be, it 7iced not be. Sweet clover has been dubbed a " noxious weed " by local law-makers who know less about the plant than our cattle, since the latter know it is good to eat. Bee-keepers resent this charge, they declare it is not In any sense a " noxious weed," but aside from the fact of its being a money crop to them, they have so far not been forthcoming with proof of their assertions. How many, I wonder, have consulted their dictionaries and know what all the word " noxious"' embraces? The latest authority gives the following definitions: "Hurtful, harmful, baneful. Injurious, unwholesome, per- nicious, mischievous, causing or liable to cause hurt, harm or Injury." Now, then, what Is a ifecd ;' "A general name for any useless or troublesome plant ; a term applied indefinitely and generally to any plant or botanical species growing where it is not wanted, and either of no use to man, or absolutely in- jurious to crops." Does sweet clover belong to the class above described ? Let us see. My encyclopedia gives the names of all chief weeds found in grain crops, and winds up with the thistles and docks, but as it happens (?) sweet clover is not found in the list. We will now consult Henderson's "Hand-Book of Plants" — a grand work by a grand author. On page 249, I find the fol- lowing under the head of Melilotus: "This genus consists of about 20 species, mostly belong- ing to southern and central Europe and western Asia. Some of the species are grown in their native countries as fbrage plants. M. (ifflclnnlis, with yellow flowers, and M. alha, with white flowers, are common on the roadsides in the United States, having become naturalized from Europe, and are some- times cultivated as ' bee-plants.'" The foregoing was written many years ago, and may be considered " behind the times." So, with your permission, reader, we will have recourse to something later and strictly up to date. On page 3087, Vol. Ill, of The New Encyclope- dic Dictionary, I quote : " Melilotus, so called from the quantity of honey which it contains. It is found in the warmer parts of the Old World. Known species ten, two are wild in Britain — Mel. officinalis and Mel. alba. A third, M. arvetisis, is an escape. A decoc- tion of the/ir.st is emollient, and sometimes used on the conti- nent in lotions and enemas. The second produces swelling in the belly of cattle which graze upon it. The flowers of M. cocrulea are used to give the peculiar odor and flavor to Schab- zieger cheese made in Switzerland, and more particularly in Glarus ; the plant is said to be a styptic. The seeds of M. parviflora are regarded as useful in diarrhea, most especially of infants: the plants are esteemed in India as forming good pasture for milch cattle." Now, then, an emollient is applied to soothe inflamed parts and relieve pain ; a lotion, to bathe and cleanse ; an enema is simply an Injection. The word "officinalis," as used in Pharmacy, means " of or belonging to a plant em- ployed in preparing medicines recognized by the Pharmaco- poeia, and therefore kept by druggists for the use of physi- cians." The foregoing ably bears mo out in the statement made publicly several times that sweet clover had great medicinal virtues, tho it is the yellow that carries off the honors. Let me cite one proof of this in my own experience, before I pass to the next point in hand. One of my children fell against a box heating-stove, producing a serious burn larger than my hand ; the skin was left on the stove, and the print of the Iron was left on the sore. My first application to relieve pain was the white of an egg beaten up in fresh lard ; after that, three times a day a dressing of sweet clover ointment of my own preparation. A handful of yellow sweet clover leaves /ricci in about half a teacupf ul of fresh lard or hen's oil. This was all the remedy I used, and in eight days I removed the bandages for good ; a new, smooth skin bad formed, and two months afterward not even a trace of a scar remained. Shall such a plant be destroyed on the ground of its being pernicious, baneful unwholesome, anrf 0/ no use toman? Its value for honey goes unquestioned ; its value for hay and fod- der has been fully establisht ; and its recognized value as a medicine is but a question of time. As to its being a weed when out of place, what then ? So is alfalfa, so is the mullein, the tobacco-plant and the deadly nightshade, yet all have their uses in the economy of man ; even the much-despised thistle furnishes a dainty tid-bit for the humble donkey. All this hue and cry about sweet clover will exhaust the promoters in time, and dwindle down to nothing; it will be only another Instance of " Lo ! the mountain has labored and a mouse is born." The yellow sweet clover Is better for honey, better for hay, better for pasture, yields more seed, and is better for medicine than the while, tho both are good, and I challenge any man ur woman .to prove the contrary. It never troubles 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAm 515 any fields that are eultlvatpd, and is the the very easlst plant I know of to destroy and stamp out of existence. If wanted for hay, cut sweet clover when first coinini? into bloom ; a second cutting can be made, and still have fine f;ill pasturage. Every animal we have eats it with a relish, from the horse to the laying hen. Can any other clover boast a better showing ? P. S. — M. firuensis Is the jlelA melilot, and M. parvifloni (more correctly parvifoUa) Is the small leaved melilot. L. E. R. L. A Few Notes from California. BT PROF. A. J. COOK. Sage vs. White Cloveb. — I used to think that the white clover honey was the very riKuintun bonum of delicious sweet- ness; but I have just been sampling some sage honey, in im- maculate one-pound combs, from Mr. Taylor's apiary, near Perris, which seems to me to be a little the most exquisite in flavor and appearance of any I have ever eaten. Mr. Taylor was formerly a successful Michigan bee-keeper, who is now one of our best honey-producers in California. I have askt several to test this honey, and all with one accord have pro- nounced it the best honey they have ever eaten. The Seasox.9 in California.— The honey season the present year has not been on the whole quite equal to that of two years ago. Mr. Taylor, of Riverside county, says his crop falls quite decidedly below, in quantity, while in quality it is unsurpast. The bee-keepers of Ventura county, on the whole, have done as well as they did two years ago. One beekeeper started with 4:25 colonies, which were increast to 515, and secured over 24 tons of extracted honey. Another started with 800 colonies, and secured over 50 tons of honey. One apiarist with 150 colonies secured seven tons, and still another with 160 colonies extracted over nine tons. This gives about the general range in Ventura, Santa Barbara, and northern Los Angeles counties. The Be°-Keepers' Exchange has made a good start. A goodly number of beekeepers, including some of the very best, have joined its membership. It is to be regretted that more — yea, all — do not join its ranks. While all, as is also true with the Citrus Fruit Exchange, believe it a good thing, and a move in the right direction, yet many, hoping to receive the benefit, and to do better on the outside, refuse to become members. This seems a selfish policy, and we are sure it is a mistaken one. The Exchange has demonstrated this season that it can save its members a large per cent, in their pur- chases. We hope it will be equally happy in proving its value in making sales. We understand that the Exchange has ar- ranged to advance money on honey as soon as it is in the warehouse. If this be so, it removes one of the most reason- able objections heretofore made to the organization — the poor people must have money on their crop before it is marketed, or possibly before it is all produced. We believe that all our agricultural industries will fail of their best accomplishment until full and complete co-operation Is accomplisht. Los Angeles Co., Calif., Aug. 4. Influence of Pollen upon Size, Form, Color and Flavor of Fruits. B1 PROF. J. C. WHITTEN. {Read before the Miasouri State Horticultural Hociely.) [Continued from page 502.1 In his extensive work, "Cross and Self Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom," Darwin conclusively proves the value of cross-fertilization in plants. Giving years of patient, untiring labor to the work, he carried on a series of experiments in both self and cross fertilization, in morning-glories, petunias and other plants, for a number of generations. Uo found, that, where continued self-fertilization was practiced, the plants dl- minisht in size, vigor, and productiveness, with each genera- tion, and that a single cross of these seedlings, with another strain, greatly improved them. He also cross-fertilized a great many flowers, saving the seeds and again crossing the seed- lings grown from them. These experiments were carried through many generations, with difl'erent kinds of plants. He found that cross-fertilized flowers produced much larger, heavier and more vigorous seeds, and that the seedlingsgrown from them were correspondingly stronger and more fruitful. The most important conclusion, resulting from Darwin's ex- tensive studies along this line, during which he carefully com- pared his own observations with those of other investigators, is exprest in one of his own seutences — "Nature thus tells us. in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors perpetual self- fertilization," which is found in his work on " Various Contri- vances by which British and E'oreign Orchids are Fertilized by Insects." Experiments are ample to prove to us, that cross-fertiliza- tion between niants of the same species is beneficial. Through laws of adaption and selection, the stronger, cross-fertilized plants would naturally enough crowd out and supplant the weaker self-fertilized ones. It is not surprising, then, to find that most of our flowering plants are actually constructed to bring about this result, nature having so modified their flowers as to render self-fertilization the exception rather than the rule. In many flowers the pollen and the pistils are not ready for fertilization at the same time, hence such flowers are de- pendent upon pollen from an earlier or a later flower. Fre- quently the pistil is longer than the stamens and reaches above them, out of reach of their pollen. In other cases the stamens and pistils are borne on separate plants as is the case in some of our cultivated strawberries. In such cases cross-fertiliza- tion must always be the result. Sometimes the pollen of a certain plant is entirely impotent upon the pistils of that plant. Many of our wild plums are of this class. Frequent instances are cited where plum trees, producing an abundance of pollen, failed to set fruit until a tree of another variety was set among them, when they produced abundantly through the perfect potency of the new supply of pollen. Certain plants are dependent upon one or more species of insects for the fertilization of its flowers. Our native yuccas being dependent upon a single species of moth, to perform this function, is a most remarkable example. A complete account of the life history of this insect, and its remarkable habits in securing the fertilization of the yuccas may be found in the reports of the Missouri Botanical Garden. For a long time it has been well known that the fig is dependent upon a certain fly for its perfect fertilization and that, when the pollen is carried from flower to flower, by the insect, the fruit is much larger and of more delicious flavor, than when the flowers are fertilized through any other agency. The Department of Agriculture has publisht a most inter- esting and instructive bulletin upon the pollination of pear flowers. After ample, careful, experiments in cross and self- fertilization of different varieties of pears, the following among other conclusions were reacht: " Many of the common varieties of pears require cross- pollination, being partially or wholly incapable of setting fruit when limited to their own pollen. Some varieties are capable of self-fertilization. "Cross-pollination is not accomplisht by applying pollen from another tree of the same grafted variety, but is secured by using pollen from a tree of a distinct horticultural variety. "The impotency of the pollen is not due to any deficiency of its own, but to a lack of affinity between the pollen and the ovules of the same variety. "The pollen of two varieties may be absolutely self-sterile, and at the same time perfectly cross-fertile. " Pears produced by self-fertilization are very uniform In shape. They differ from crosses not only in size and shape, but also, in some cases, in the time of maturity and flavor. " Self-fecundated pears are deficient in seeds; crosses are well supplied with sound seeds. Even with those varieties which are capable of self-fecundation the pollen of another variety is prepotent. "The normal, typical fruits and finest specimens, either of self-fertile or self-sterile sorts, are crosses." Cultivators of strawberries express a preference for cer- tain varieties of pollinators of the various pistillate sorts. This preference is founded upon the fact that the pollen of some staminate varieties is prepotent, as compared with that of certain other varieties which flower at the same time. It is a commonly noted fact that most piltillate varieties produce 516 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 19, finer fruit thaa the staminate sorts. One reason given for this is that the pistillate sorts must always be cross-fertilized. Since cross-fertilization, as thus far disoust, refers, pri- marily, to the crossing of plants of the same species, it may not be amiss to mention briefly the subject of hybridization, or crossing of two different species. Without going into a lengthy discussion of this subject, it may bo stated that, in the vegeta- ble as well as the animal kingdom, there are very few un- doubted hybrids. Experiments in the hybridization of plants has generally proven barren of beneficial results. Where hy- brids have been secured that have often been monstrosities, being abnormally developt in certain characters and deficient in others. Where hybrids are not actually sterile, it has been shown to be difficult, in most cases, to fix a type in their off- spring. Finally we may conclude that where cross-fertilization be- tween different varieties is favored, we may expect the most beneficial results. Insects are the active agents through which cross-pollination is best effected. Experiment may yet iprove the comparative value of different varieties as polleni- zers of other varieties. A judicious mixing of varieties is pre- ferred to planting solid blocks of a single variety. Keeping honey-bees in the orchard insures better pollination. Rearing Queens — Drone Progeny of Queens. BY L. L. SKAGGS. C. B. Bankston, on page 435, says that queens can't be reared from larva^ three days old. Now, we know that if bees are made queeuless they very often hatch a queen in nine days. Mr. B., how is that ? I would like some information on this. Will Mr. Bankston make me the same offer that he did his friend — to give §10 apiece for queens that were reared from larvae three days old? And how much proof does he want? If there is auy chance to sell these queens for a good figure, I will try my hand at rearing a lot of little worthless queens, as I know that such queens are no good. I see Mr. Bankston claims that drones are changed by the mating of their mother. I was like him when I first com- menced bee-keeping, but observation has taught me differently. I hated to give up nearly as badly as he did about killing the deer. I have had a splendid chance to test this. I have moved my bees three times. I keep the 5-banded Italians. A great many of my neighbors' queens mate with my drones. I have never seen a single yellew drone in their hives. The first season they were all as black as tar. I think I have exam- ined at least 50 different colonies, and askt my neighbors to watch for them, and no one has reported having seen a single yellow drone till the second season. If there is the least bit of Italian blood in the queen, you will find yellow drones, or, if black bees and Italians are in the same yard, you will see yellow drones in every hive. Drones go into the first hive they come to. Tbey are at home anywhere. Bees must be over one-half mile, or the drones will get in with the swarms when they come out, and stay with them. If Mr. B. had been here last spring, when I was trapping my neighbors' drones, I could have proved it to his satisfaction, that he is wrong. Mr. Bankston has loft such a good opening that I felt I must joke him a little. Is he sure that he didn't get his bee- notions in the same way he got the deer yarn that he could hardly give up? Llano Co., Tex. Our Chinese Bee-Keeplng Friend Again Heard From. Mi.isTKR Lkditor : — It is a long tlime slince I lote you last — I gless you must have florgotten me 'tis slo long agio. Flaps some ylour leaders may remember that I lote you slonie letters about tlee ylears agio. At that tlime I klept blees — sugar-flies — niear Slan Flan- cisco. As I made heap moneo fiom my sugar-fly hloney, I thought I wonld glo to ray old hlome in China to see my wifo, my chlinden, and clusens. I went flirst-class — all samee, Melican man. Ladies in clabin treat me heepee nice. Belly sweet on me — thley mlust have known that I was englaged in sugar-fly blisness in Claliflornia— Claliflornia heep sweet place, you know. On shlip I meet some of Mr. A. I. Loot's flends ; they glo China to make clistian of heethen Chinee, they say. I hope they slucceed. One lady heep nice — she all slame sluggar-fly honey — she so slweet. If I had no wifo in China, I think I ask her to beclome my wifo. In China my fiamly belly glad to see me. My chlinden grow heep big and belly smlart — almost slame Melican bloys and glirls. I find that my big bloy learn slome Lingish, and lead Loot's "Gleanings In Slugar-Fly Clulture." She get tea- box and make hive of him. She call him " Slymplicity hive." I look him obler belly muchee, and thiukee him the neeplus ulthra (I learn some Latlin lately, you see) of slymplicity. She glet belly nice suglar [honey], and sell him hare for one sen plound — heep too cheap. But wha' flor? I tly to glet mlore, but no can do. War with Japan dome on. Pletty sloon, blime bye, Hon. Li Hung Chang, my 32nd clusin, send sloldger alfer me to dome and flight Japan man. Residence of Wuny Lung, Norlh Tcmescal, Cnllf. You see I no glo, I lose mly head — heep bad, you bet. So I glo. I flighter heepee muchee, and make heepe Japan'ee debil bitetee dirt. You see when I laised legetables in Temescal, nlear Slan Flancisdo, I learned how to shootee glopher and squirrlee. Slo, when the blattle Port Arthuree come on, me made Captain one of the clompanies. I now wear fline clothes. Japan debil make target of me — shootee at me heep muchee. Slixteen blulitts go thloo me — heep llghtee enter my body. Me hap die. For long tlime lay on flield. My wifo follow me to war, flind me hap die, give me plenty lice gin [whiskey], and me dome to life ouco more. Wifo tlake me lospital ; heep nursee me, and one yiear me pletty muchee well aglin. For slix molnths I lookoo latter my slon's sugar-flies — get slome belly nice sugar [honey], and slell for two sen plound — war make sugar go up 100 per slent. When I get heep well — which tlook tloor [2] yIear — I go black to Slan Flancisdo. I heep slorry I have to leave wifo, China — can no let me tlake him to Mclica. I flind my Melican sugar-flies heep flIne. They fly heep muchee, and make heep sugar. My old plartner look after him slatiflactorly — big word for Chinaman to slay. I now got 15 slwarms. Me sloon buy lax lextractor, wax blase ma- 1897. THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 517 chineen, and beep other flixinss. This ylear we have tiptlop apliary — all samee DIoolittle and Dloctor Pliller. Pletty sloon, not long agio we glo on tllp among supar- fly man in Claliflornia— me learn heep mnchee about sugar-Uy. (I forgot to slay me learnee how to ridee blycikee. Me go on him mlost lebley where.) I see Lainbler, Flylark, Mr. Myl- der, Ur. Trotter, Mr. Blodlick, Plofessor Kitchen, Mr. Old- man, Mr. Plyawl, Mr. Slevering, and heep other sugar man. Next tliine I lite me tell you ablout slome of my tlip. If you like to lustrate my letters I will slend you slome potografs of places I slopt while tlavling. You see I also added a snap- shot plicture machinee to my outfit, all slamee Mr. Loot and Lambler. Glood bly for the plesent. WuNG Luno. Slan Planciscio, Jan 1, 1897. Factors Influeaclag the Cause of Swarming. BT L. A. ASPINWALL. Forty-five years ago M. Quinby, in his first edition of " Mysteries of Bee-Keeping Explained," assigned three requi- sites as constituting the cause of swarming, I quote from page 189: " The combs must be crowded with bees ; they must con- tain a numerous brood advancing from the egg to maturity; the bees must be obtaining honey, either being fed or from the flowers. Being crowded with bees in a scarce time of honey is insii'ficient to bring out the swarm, neither is an abundance sutBcient without the bees aud brood. The period that all these requisites happen together, and remain long enough, will vary with different colonies, and many times do not happen at all through the season, with some." I cannot refrain here from giving expression to the won- derful accuracy of Mr. Quinby's investigations. In discover- ing the three requisites he was unaided by the movable-comb hive. With the advantages of movable combs, other minor factors present themselves to the investigating mind. By careful and comparative investigation with a number of swarming colonies, we find certain factors, altho trivial iu themselves, entering into, and constituting a force bending to a common end — swarming. Allho it is generally conceded that the three factors given by Quinby, are the requisites which induce swarming, I shall came one as the prime cause, with factors which I shall here- inafter refer to, acting in conjunction, constituting a force to hasten or retard the impulse, proportionally as they are present. I will here state for the benefit of those concerned, that all my experiments the last five or six years have been based upon the foregoing fact. The first or prime cause of swarming is, hets. As Mr. Quinby gave it, a crowded condition. All the other factors may be present, but without a crowded condition, no swarms will be forthcoming. Of all the adjunct requisites, a houey- yield is the strongest factor, and with the natural increase of maturing bees, which tends to a crowded condition, a large brood is usually present. Still, with a crowded condition, al- tho the flowers may yield no nectar, swarms will occasionally issue, which is evidence that an abundance of bees constitutes the strongest or prime factor. A crowded condition renders their abode somewhat untenantable, and it also interferes with the duties of the queen. It is a well known fact that temperature is an important factor in influencing the swarming impulse. A number of col- onies located iu a pent-up atmosphere, subjected to the burn- ing rays of the sun, will swarm much sooner than a like num- ber equally strong, but protected by shade. Ventilation also governs largely in the matter ; and its necessity becomes more apparent with hives exposed to the sun's rays than otherwise. In a previous article under the head, "Drones as a factor in swarming," I alluded to my experiments with artificial comb, by which I proved them to be a factor in swarming; they being necessary in reproduction. In numerous experiments I have also found that a remov- al of the combs containing pollen retarded swarming. This I have proved by comparison with an equal number of colonies from which the pollen was not removed. As already alluded to, honey is undoubtedly the strongest factor influencing the crowded condition. With combs well supplied, a failure in the sources will not always prevent the issue of swarms. This is particularly true when colonies have been confined to the hives by unfavorable weather after a good honey-flow. We frequently see swarms issue a week or ten days following fruit-bloom, when they have been confined by cold or rainy weather. Having begun preparations under the Influence of a honey-yield, an intensely crowded condition by reason of confinement, during which time a failure of the honey- yield is not realized by the colony, swarming is almost certaia to occur when honey is plentiful In the hive. With an aggregation of colonies under the control of man, we also find another factor which does not present itself where colonies are isolated as in a state of nature. I refer to the swarming impulse as being contagious. I have known It to manifest itself under certain circumstances and in certain seasons favoring the circumstances to an excessive degree. These circumstances include some of the factors already named, such as heat, want of ventilation, honey-yield, etc. This contagion spreads by reason of bees entering neighbor- ing hives. We find another factor in the inherent tendency, or sensi- tiveness of some colonies to the foregoing factors. The Carni- olans are a notable example of a variety in which both bees and queens are extremely nervous, and susceptible to outside influence. I have already intimated that the queen is impeded in her work of laying by reason of a crowded condition of the colony. It is barely possible that queen-cells are then constructed un- der circumstances similar to supersedure ; the queen being un- able to fulfill the requirements of the colony. I have fre- quently observed many empty portions of comb-cells under such circumstances. I have also noticed that swarming fre- quently takes place in case of supersedure, when the colonies are overflowing with bees. In such case the queen is liable to succumb the following winter. I had such an occurrence the past season. As a summary we have as the prime cause of swarming — Bees, and some eight or nine factors : Temperature, ventila- tion, drones, pollen, honey, the influence of a honey-yield ex- tending into a failure of the honey-sources, the swarming im- pulse, the inherent tendency, and, lastly, that under the cir- cumstances of supersedure. With a crowded condition, one or more of these factors influence the issue of swarms propor- tionally as they are present. — Review. Report of the Central Texas Convention. BY C. B. BANKSTON. At Cameron, Tex., July 16 and 17, 1897, the Central Texas Bee-Keepers' Association met, with Pres. E. R. Jones in the chair. After a brief address, stating the main objects of the organization, the Rev. A. J. Peeler ofl'ered prayer. Judge J. M. McGregor then delivered an address of wel- come, to which Judge E. Y. Terral responded with one of his characteristic speeches. There were 42 members in attend- ance. The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows: President, E. Y. Terral; Vice-President, O. P. Hyde; Secretary, C. B. Bankston. BEST HYBRID BEES FOR HONEY. "What hybrid bees are best for comb and extracted honey?" Quite a number favored the blacks, and Italians crost for comb honey production; pure Italians for extracted honey ; and a cross between Italians and the silver-gray Carniolans had some strong advocates. C. B. Bankston read a paper on some of the mistakes In bee-keeping, touching principally upon the same points that appeared in his article recently publisht In the American Bee Journal. 518 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 19, COMB FOUNDATION. The subject of comb foundation was pretty thoroughly discust. O. P. Hyde said that he had experimented with the Weed drawn foundation, and could safely say that there were some very objectionable points about it. 1st, The bees do not accept It as readily as the shallow-wall foundation. 2nd, The bees are inclined to cut the cells down. 3rd, Its use caused fish- bone in the comb honey. 4th, It costs too much. Quite a Dumber said that the samples on exhibition were a master- piece of workmanship, and believed that the Roots would make it a success. HONEY-DEW. C. B. Bankston — If I did not know what honey-dew is, it would be necessary for me to compile some high-sounding phrases, which you could not, to save your life, comprehend. But as I happen to know what it is, and as the truth is always simple, I will just say that it is no more nor less than an ex- udation of a bug or insect, or both, as it is discovered on just a few varieties of plants. I presume that the bug sucks the sap from this particular plaut, then at night, or at some time, discharges this sweet stuff on the leaves. Some of my friends try to prove that it falls from the heavens, as the rain or dew. I think it is absurd. I would about as soon say that the good Lord was running a sorghum-mill for the special benefit of the adulterators of food-products, as it is exceedingly unfair. Mr. Hodges — I do not hesitate to say that honey-dew falls from the heavens. J. C. York — I never investigated the matter, but my im- pression is that it falls from the heavens. I do not believe I ever saw it on corn stalks, as some claim to have seen. .Tudge Terral— I believe it is exuded from different kinds of insects. John Cairns — I am satisfied that it is a production of the bugs. E. R. Jones — I believe that it exudes from plants, which become somewhat overloaded with saccharine matter, and then through the pores of the plant this substance issues. Fred L. Hennington — I think it must fall from the heavens, otherwise I cannot understand the source from which it comes. John Pharr — If it falls from the heavens, why does it not fall on rough leaves as well as slick ones? Mr. Gruess— I think it is refuse matter cast off by the plants. My bees gathered this honey from walnut trees, and it had a flavor very much like the leaves. The By-Laws adopted by the association (with the excep- tion of the ninth clause, which was stricken out by a majority vote) are as follows : 1.— This Association shall be known as the Central Texas Bee-Keepers' Association. 2. — The officers of this Association shall consist of Presi- dent, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer. The Secre- tary may also be Treasurer. 3. — The object of this Association shall be the promotion of apiculture. 4. — This Association shall meet semi-annually, at such places and times within its territory as may be designated by a majority vote of the Association. 5. — The officers of this Association shall be elected an- nually by a majority vote of the mouibers present. 6. — No member is eligible for election for the same oflice of this Association to succeed himself. 7.— Each member shall pay an annual fee of 50 cents to pay the expenses of the Association. ciJ 8. — All white persons Interested In apiculture are eligible to membership In this Association. 10. — All MiLMiibers of this Association shall be governed by such rules and regulations as adopted from time to time by a majority vote. 1 1. — All questions coming before this Association shall bo settled by a yea and nay vote. 12. — No rule or regulation of this Association shall bo changed except by a two-thirds vote of the assembly. 13.— The President is empowered to appoint delegates at any time to represent this Association on all occasions when in his judgment it is to the best interest of this organization. REPORTS FOR THE SEASON OF 1S97. Mr. Aten reported that the honey crop in his neighborhood was very good. He has about 500 colonies, all except a few run for extracted honey. Mr. Gruess has about 150 colonies run for extracted honey ; crop good. Mr. Hyde has about 300 colonies run for comb and ex- tracted honey ; crop good. Mr. Noe, about 30 colonies ; crop good. J. J. Baggett, 20 colonies; crop not very good. Judge Terral & Co., 400 colonies; crop very good. R. W. Coye, 20 colonies run for increase. John Pharr, 20 colonies run for increase ; no surplus. J. C. York, about 15 colonies ; crop very good. E.R.Jones, 30 colonies run for comb honey; good crop. Mrs. Hages, 60 colonies; good crop. Mr. De La Vergne, 15 colonies; good crop of comb honey. R. S. Booth extracted 28 gallons from 5 colonies ; pretty good. E. Nabors, 30 colonies ; good crop. W. R. Dennis, 14 colonies; comb honey crop good. John Hill, run for increase. All the members seemed well pleased with their crops. They were better this season than they have been for several years. Some of the large bee-keepers have takeu off 1 1 tons already, and expect more. Judge Terral delivered a speech on ancient and modern bee-keeping, which lasted about one hour and a half, and was one of the best and most interesting speeches that was ever delivered on the subject. It will soon be printed in the bee- department of the Texas Broncho, and a copy sent to the American Bee Journal. On Friday night there was an entertainment given by the bee-keepers at the home of Judge Terral. Everybody enjoyed the occasion very much. The following resolutions were past unanimously : Whereas, The Hon. E. Y. Terral, his good wife and ac- complisht daughter. Miss Lee Terral, and kind son, Mr. Sam Terral, have most hospitably entertained the entire member- ship of the Central Texas Bee-Keepers' Association at their home ; and. Whereas, Eich and every member of this Association feels iudividually under obligations to the family of the Judge ; therefore, be it Resolved, That we, the Central Texas Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation, by a rising vote, extend to them our heartfelt grati- tude for their kindness. The convention adjourned to meet in Cameron the first Thursday and Lf'riday in February, 1S9S, There will be an entertainment given by the editor of the Sand Grove Tattler, on Thursday night. C. B. Bankston, Sec. The Horse How to Break, and Handle.— This is a pamphlet a( 32 pages, giving complete instructions for breaking and educating colts, teaching horses to drive, and for use under the saddle, together with many inslrnctions which have never before been publisht, and which are the re- sult of the author's experience covering a period of 20 years. By Prof. Win. Mullen, with whom the editor of the Bee Jour- nal is personally acquainted. Price, postpaid, 20 cents ; or given as a premium for sending us one new subscriber to the Bee Journal fur the rest of the year at 50 cents. A New Binder for holding a year's numbers of the American Bee .lourual, we propose to mail, postpaid, to every subscriber who sends us 20 cents. It is called " The Wood Binder," is patented, and is an entirely new and very simple arrangement. Full printed directions accompany each Binder. Every reader should got it, and preserve the copies of the Bee Journal as fast as they are received. They are invaluable for reference, and at the low price of the Binder you can afford to get It yearly. ■» » > Now is tUe Time to work for new subscribers. Why not take advantage of the offers made on page 513 ? 189', THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 519 CONDUCTED BY DR. O. O. anXtER, XIARJEXGO. ILL. [Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal, or to Dr. Miller direct. ^ Transferrins Bees. 1. I have a colony of bees in a tall box-hive, and wish to transfer to a regular dovetailed hive. Can it be done now ? If so, how shall I proceed ? The hive I will use has two full sheets and six half sheets of brood foundation. I might pos- sibly take a frame or two of honey from a new swarm if obliged to. I'd rather feed if necessary. 2. This colony sent out a swarm (its first and only one) July 3. If any bees are left in the hive, will they be apt to start any queen-cells ? or is it too late in the season ? New York, July 26. Answers. — 1. The best time to transfer your colony was already past when your letter was written, that is 21 days after the colony had swarmed. Your best plan is to leave the colony where it is till fruit-bloom next year, and many are coming to the opinion that you will do still better to wait till the bees swarm, hive the swarm in the hive you desire, and then 21 days later, when all worker-brood has hatcht, empty the old hive. 2. Queen-cells, as a rule, are started before a swarm issues, and are sealed at the time of swarming. So by the middle of July there was probably a young queen laying in the hive from which the swarm issued July 5. Of course there is always some chance of failure and consequent queenlessness. ^ — ^ Several Que!»tions About Bees. I am very thankful for the information I received through the American Bee Journal in regard to queen-rearing. I got more information from one copy of it than I got from two books that cost yi.2.5 each. I don't see how any one can do without the American Bee Journal and be successful with bees. I dislike to impose upon good nature, but I would like to ask a few more questions. 1. I made my own hives, and the frames are 113^x11}^ inches, which makes them near the size of the Langstroth frame, except it is deep and short. My hive is 12}^xl2Jix- 12)^. If I make the second story larger, so as to get as many one-pound sections in them as the regular size hive, will the bees work as well in them ? 2. If a colony becomes queenless at this time of the year, and the bees rear a queen, will she be mated ? 3. Will it cause bees to rob if fed on honey at night ? 4. Is cheap molasses a good food for bees in summer ? 5. Will bees rob when honey is flowing ? 6. Will bees rob in the night, or any more in the day, by being jammed together 1 7. I bought one untested queen from a Florida dealer. She is a bright Italian, and the young bees are large, sleek, black bees, but not like the regular black bee. What is she crostwith? Vikgisia, July 26. Answkrs. — 1. They will work in your sections all right, altho perhaps not so well as over the common size, for you have a smaller surface for sections to be placed over. Your hive being smaller, you can hardly have as strong colonies, and strong colonies are the ones that do the best work in sections. 2. There is no trouble about drones being plenty enough any time up to heavy frosts. 3. Not if there is no feed exposed the next morning after the bees are flying. 4. Almost anything they will take will do to give them when bees are flying every day, but better not give them enough to have it stored in the combs, just enough so It will be all used up in brood-rearing. 5. Generally not, altho you may start robbing even in a honey-flow, if you allow brood-combs standing around un- protected. 6. By being " jammed together " you probably mean hav- ing the hives placed very close. There Is little danger from this source, even if the hives should be touching. But it isn't a good plan to have more than two hives at a time jammed together. You may have a dozen hives in a straight row, the first and second close together, then after a space of perhaps four feet, the third and fourth close together, and so on ; but if the whole 12 are placed close together instead of being in pairs, there is likely to be a good mixing of bees, and some danger that young queens will enter the wrong hives on re- turning from their bridal trip. 7. Hard to say. Very likely with the common black bee. Don't be worried about sending questions. Glad to get them. That's what this department is for. One or the ITIint§. I enclose blossoms of two plants, also sections of the same. No matter what other flowers are in bloom at the same time, these plants are covered with bees from morning to night. It is not uncommon to see 12 to 15 bees on a single stool of one- half dozen stems. Please give what information you can as to their worth as a honey-plant. They are not common here. I have seen them only in one small locality. Missouri. Answer. — It is one of the mints, but I don't know enough about honey-plants to say which. The mints are much valued as honey-plants. m I m Piitlins Pollen in the Sections. I experienced considerable trouble and loss this year on account of ray bees putting pollen in the sections, and I would like to know if there is any way I can overcome this annoy- ance in the future. In many cases the cells were filled out with honey and capt over, and it could only be detected by holding the section to the light. It was a colony of Carnlolan bees which contained the sections referred to. How can I remove the pollen ? or will the bees themselves attend to it if I break the cappings and stir it up '? If that is a feature of the Caruiolaus, do not bother with any details, as this is my last year with such stock. Pennsylvania. Answer. — I'm sorry to say I don't know enough to help you out very fully. Sometimes bees put pollen in sections with no apparent reason, at least none that I could see. The comfort is that it is not a common occurrence, and whatever the cause may be, it is not likely to occur next year. I doubt whether the Carnlolan blood has anything particular to do with it. There is no satisfactory way to get the pollen out of the sections. If it is in such quantity as to make it unfit for eating, as is probably the case with you, there is not much for you beyond the poor consolation of knowing that those sec- tions will make excellent food for your bees. If you uncap them and leave them on the hive long enough, at a time when bees are not storing, you may find the bees gradually working out the pollen, and you would have the empty combs left to be filled another year, but they might not by that time be very desirable for section honey. The McETOy Foul Brood Treatment Is given in Dr. Howard's pamphlet on " Foul. Brood ; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment." It is the latest publication on the'subject, and should be in the hands of every bee-keeper. Price, 25 cents ; or clubbed with the Bee Journal for one year —both for $1.10. 520 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 19. CBORGB 'W. YORK, • Editor. PHBLISHT WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY, US Aliclileaa St., - CHICAGO, ILL. $1.00 a Year— Sample Copy Sent Free. (Bntered at the Post-Offloe at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter. United States Bee-Keepers' Ujiioii. Organized to advance the pursuit of Apiculture; to promote the interests of bee-feeepera ; to protect its members ; to prevent the adulteratit>n of honey: and to prosecute the dishonest honey-commission men. Membership fee-S1.00 Per Annum. Hx&cittivG Cozninittc^e, President— George W. York. Vice-Pres.— E. Whitcomb. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Board o/ Uirocf ors, E. R. Root. E. Whitcomb. E. T. Abbott. W. Z. Hutchinson. Dr. C. C. Miller. C. P. Dadant. GGnGml Manager and Trt^asurer, Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. Next Annual Meeting at BuiTalo, N. Y,, Aug. 24—26, 1897. Vol. imil. CHICA&O, ILL, AU&. 19, 1897. No, 33. Editorial Con)n)cr)t^^ On to Buflalo!— Thafs the cry now. If it isn't the biggest and best bee-conveution ever held on this continent, it won't be the Executive Committee's fault, that's certain. But we just expect that at least our Eastern bee-keepers will simply "swarm" to Buffalo, and that the Main Hall of Galon's Business College, corner of Main and Huron street?, will be a veritable hive of bee-keepers. A good representa- tion ought to be present from the West, especially when such low railroad rates will be in force. Better take next week off, and go to the convention, and see the wonderful Niagara Falls, besides. It is also the chance of a lifetime to get in touch with those big Eastern bee-keepers. We certainly expect to see and hear Doolittle, Elwood, Manum, Capt. Hetherlngton, and many other notable and "wise (bee)-men of the East." Only $10.50 for the round-trip from Chicago. It's worth half that to just see Doolittle — 'cause he's a big man no matter in what way you look at him. We've seen him, and so speak from experience. "Put Me OfTat Buflalo" will likely be the re- frain sung out most next week. Wo hope at least 500 of the " refralners" will bo bee-keepers who will also attend the convention. We expect to see many of the O. A. R. men who are bee-keepers. It will bo such a fine chance for them to attend both meetings — dividing their time between them. It might help some If each would get a copy of the program, and see just at what sessions of the bee-convention they prefer to be present. Send 5 cents to the Secretary, Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, and he will mall you a copy. Remember that six bee-songs also go with it. If you possibly can do so, just add 95 cents more to your remittance, and become a member of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union. Dr. Mason will then mail you a membership receipt as well as a copy of the Buffalo program. Xlie Buflalo Convention Progfrani is an un- usually meaty one. As there will be many who cannot go, and who have not as yet sent their 5 cents for a copy, and yet will desire to kmw what subjects will be talkt about, we give here the principal part of the program as publlsht : " Experimental Work at the Ontario Experiment Station " — R. F. Holtermann, of Canada. Secretary's Report — Dr. A. B. Mason, of Ohio. "Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs" — Hon. E. Whitcomb, of Nebraska. "Suggestions on the Making of Exhibits at Fairs " — W. Z. Hutchinson, of Michigan. ' "Relation of Bees to Horticulture "—Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Michigan. " Bee-Culture for Women " — Mrs. L. Harrison, of Illinois. President's Annual Address — George W. York, of Illinois. " Improved Methods in Extracted-Honey Production" — R. C. Aikin, of Colorado. "Successful Bee-Keeping"— G. M. Doolittle, of New York. "Needs of Bee-Culture in the South "—Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Georgia. Report of the General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, of Iowa. " Cn-operation Among Bee-Keepers "—Geo. W. Brodbeck, of California. "The Progress of Bee-Keeping in Canada" — M. B. Holmes, of Canada. "Profitable B''eeding of Bees, or Feeding for Profit" — A. E. Manum, of Vermont. " Marlcetiug Honey" — P. H. Elwood, of New York. " Shipping Comb Honey " — E. Kretchmer, of Iowa. It will easily be seen that for any one to miss the above rich program will be a great misfortune. Better be there if you can possibly arrange it. Of course discussions will follow the reading of the papers, and it is intended to devote some time of each session to the question-box. •* • p Lodgfing: During the Convention.— As there will be several visitors in Buffalo besides the bee-keepers, it will require a lot of room to furnish sleeping accommodations. But we find if we can fill the special sleeping-car with bee- keepers, we can use that same car during the three nights we will be in Buffalo at a cost of only about 75 cents for each person per night. Of course there will be no trouble to get something to eat; and with a good place to sleep assured, why, all who go in that carload will have no reason to com- plain. Now, wo hope that 25 or BO bee-keepers around and west of Chicago will write us at once, or telegraph, so that we can secure this sleepling-car, and make ail arrangements. We must do this on I'^riday afternoon (Aug. 20) without fail. If the special car is to be taken by the bee-keepers. Surely, we ought to have at least 40 bee-keepers to pass through or start from Chicago, when the round-trip is only $10.50 I Let's surprise the East with a big attendance from the West. It will do all of us good to get better acquainted. Canadians "Will Be There !— A letter received from Secretary Mason, reads as follows : Sta. B, Toi.kdo, Ohio, Aug. 12, 1897. Friend York:— A few days since I received a letter from a Canadian friend, saying : " I am pleased to see that you are making every effort to have a grand convcMition at Buffalo, N. Y. From what I can judge, you will succeed. I have every reason to believe that there will be a good attendance of Canadians as well I may give you a hint : I expect to see as many Canadians as 189'^ THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 521 United States bee-keepers at the convention, and if there are, we may vote it a Canadian instead of a United Slates organi- zation. Ua ! Ha !" I sent the above to such bee-journals as I thought I could reach in time for this month's issue, and asltt them to sound the note of warning to the Yankees. We've whipt .lohnny Bull twice, and it would be a shame to let some of his oftspriiiK come and whip us on our own soil. Perhaps I'm a little more sensitive about this than any other of your readers, for at the battle of Buffalo, in the war of 181:^-13, one of my grandfathers was killed (tomahawkt by an Indian ally of the British). So please get all the Yan- kees to be at the convention that you can, and help me to be avenged on our foes (?). Don't let any one show the " white feather," for I believe we can rout the whole " caboodle " of them without shedding a drop of blood ! At any rate, I'm ready for the " fray," and am going to take Mrs. M. along to help, and you know what the result always is when the ladies have a hand In matters. A. B. Mason. Whoop-ee ! Think of it — "as many Canadians as United States bee-keepers" at Buffalo! (Jood. Come on, you Canucks. You'll have to get there lively to equal the New Union Yankee boys. And every one of you paying his mem- bership dues and wearing a " U. S." badge, can vote and shoot — off your mouth — in convention. So far as we are con- cerned, if in the " battle of the ballots " you win, you can call it a " Canadian organization," or anything you please. It will be good enough for the stay-at-home Yankees. But you hadn't better " count your chickens before they're hatcht." Your Yankee Brother Jonathan has a way of " getting there " that is quite surprising, as your ancestors learned to their sorrow on at least two occasions, one of which Dr. Mason seems to have occasion to remember. Arouse, ye U. S. bee-keepers! and "on to Buffalo!" Your fair honey-land may be in danger of being over-run with the festive Canucks across the border-line. Arouse ! Get there!! Buffalo!!! •*-*-*' Good Advice on Marketing.— Mr. J. W. Rouse — one of Missouri's best bee-keepers — gives this paragraph in the Progressive BeeKeeper for August : While there will be a good honey crop this season, I would advise honey-producers not to demoralize the market by rush- ing their honey to market too early ; and also be careful about shipping honey to parties not known. In fact, I have always managed to find sale for my crop of honey around home. I would rather give my neighbors the benefit of low prices than to ship my honey, and be compelled then to take a low price. Of course, more honey may be secured in some localities than one can find a demand for, but there are very many people who seldom, if ever, get any honey to eat. So with push, one may dispose of a good crop. A good article is very likely to find customers, for it is delicious, and people want it. *-.-• "Much Ado About NotJ-ing."— We were re- minded of this quotation, upon receiving the following from Secretary Mason : Sta. B, Toledo, Ohio, Aug. 13, 1897. Mk. Editor: — I have just received a letter from a friend (I say friend because he tries to have me do rhjhl) in New York or New Jersey — can't tell which — saying : " You tell every bee-keeper who expects to attend the Buffalo convention, to He right out and out to the ticket agent in order to save a few dollars. You ask him to use deception, fraud, hypocrisy. Y'ou tell them in plain words that they should buy round-trip tickets to the G. A. R. Encampment, not to the bee-keepers' convention ; shame on you. When, oh when, will men cease to advocate fraud ? You know full well that the bee-keepers are not going to Buffalo to attend the G. A. R. Encampment Yet you ask them to throw away their manhood just for a trifle ; it sounds bad, Dr No doubt you are fighting the adulteration of honey, and want honey put up honest, and sold for just what it is, and yet you ask the very men who produce this honey to defraud the rail- road company by telling a falsehood. Suppose the agent at your station asks you if you are not going to the bee-conven- tion instead of the G. A. E. Encampment, what are you going to tell him ? Let me tell you what to tell him— tell him the truth." Snydk.r. All right, Mr. Snyder; I'll take your advice and "tell him the truth," and I wish I could take back what wrong advice I gave (if I gave any), and will, as far as it Is possible to do so ; and say to all the beekeepers, and others who might be influenced by my (wicked'') suggestion: Don't tell your station agent where you want to go, unless you want to, nor what you are going for. Just ask him for a ticket to BulTalo at the reduced rate, good for 30 days. Will that suit you any better. Mr. S.? I hadn't the slightest idea of defrauding any railroad. It is the custom, and they expect it. It didn't occur to me that there would be anything wrong in it. Since receiving the above-mentioned letter, I've been to our railroad station and askt the agent if he would sell me a ticket to Buffalo at the G. A. R. rates to attend the conven- tion of the United States Bee-Keepers' Union, and explained to him why I askt. His reply was : "Certainly. We don't care where you are going, nor what you are going for. All we want to know is that you waut a ticket for Buffalo at the reduced, or G. A. R., rate." Is that satisfactory ? If not, any one who desires is at perfect liberty to pay full fare for a round-trip ticket, or do any other way his conscience may suggest, and I'll find no fault with him, for I want to see as many bee-keepers at the convention as can possibly be there. Sadly, but hopefully, yours for the right, A. B. Mason. Right you are, Dr. Mason. The railroad ticket agents care nothing about what any one is going to Buffalo for. Each fellow just pays his fare on certain days at the reduced G. A. R. rate, and no questions askt. Of course, after the ticket is bought on account of the G. A. R. Encampment, the purchaser can throw it away and buy another at the full reg- ular rate, if he " has money to burn ;" or if he chooses he can put both tickets in his pocket and stay at home, if he is afraid he might in some way defraud the poor railroad company, if he should use either ticket ! A Special Car of Bee-Keepers.— Lately sev- eral of our friends have askt us when and by what route we expect to go to Buffalo, to attend the bee-keepers' convention. We had intended going a few days before the meeting, and stopping off to see our near and dear relatives in northeastern Ohio, but we have been compelled to change that intention, and now expect to leave Chicago on the Nickel Plate railroad at 3:05 p.m., Monday, Aug. 23, arriving at Buffalo at 8 o'clock the next morning, in time for the opening of the con- vention at 10 a.m., as per the printed program. Since deciding as above, we have wondered if it were not possible for the bee-keepers around Chicago, and those from the West who will pass through here on their way to Buffalo, to make up a special car on the Nickel Plate, and go on to- gether from here. We find that we can have a sleeping car for such purpose at S10.50 for the round trip per passenger, and the berth ^1.30 extra, tickets with special return privi- lege of extension to Sept. 20. But there need to be at least 25 persons to go thus together in order to have the special car ; however, 30 or 35 can comfortably get into the car. Of course, ladies will be welcome to go thus as well as the gen- tlemen. Bring your wives and daughters. It will be a grand trip. But shall we all go in that special car ? What do those bee-keepers who expect to go, say about it ? We'd all have a fine trip together— from 3:05 p.m. Monday till 8 o'clock the next day. Now, let all who will join in this, write us at least by Fri- day, Aug. 20, so that we can fully complete the arrange- ments. We will attend to getting your tickets and sleeping- car berths, if you will send us the necessary S12 to do it with, and have everything ready when you get here Monday. Come on, friends. 522 THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 19. Ideal Location for Bees.— So many young bee- keepers ask as to the best location for an apiary, and this advice from the Editor of Gleanings, who has tried about every kind of a place for bees, will help the beginner, and perhaps the more experienced, in selecting the best or ideal place for putting the apiary: For myself, at least, I have decided that the ideal place for an apiary Is in an orchard, where there are low-spreading trees. If the queens' wings are dipt, there will be compara- tively little climbing after swarms. Some prefer shade-boards ; but after having tried both, for the comfort of the. apiarist and that of the bees, I decidedly prefer the shade of low- spreading trees. Grape-vines do tolerably well, but they do not protect the apiarist ; and at this time of the year, when the shade is most needed, they are sending out shoots and branches that Interfere with the handling of the hive ; and grape-vines do require an excessive amount of trimming just at the time bees need the most attention. The colonies at our out-yard are placed In groups of three on the north side of the low-spreading basswoods. It is a great comfort as well as a pleasure to work among the bees compared to what It is In the home yard with the grape-vines. Vernon Burt has his apiary in an apple-orchard, and the grass Is neatly kept down by sheep that are allowed to run among the hives at will. The lawn-mower does not compare with them. TJ?e Weekly Budget. Mr. E. R. Lee, of Crawford Ark., writing Aug. 1, said: " Bees are doing well in this ' neck of the woods.' " Dr. E. Gallup, of Orange Co., Calif., reported Aug. 3 : "This has been a phenomenally good honey season with me." Dr. Miller, of M^'Henry Co., 111., writing us Aug. 7, said: " Buckwheat is just coming into bloom, and clover Is hardly done." Dr. H. Besse, of Delaware Co., Ohio, expects to be at the Buffalo convention, we note by a letter just received. His sweet clover lawsuit is expected to come off' about the middle of September. Miss Mathilda Candler, of Grant Co., Wis., writing Aug. 4, said : "The bees have done pretty well so far. I have taken off some very nice honey." Mr. Jas. a. Stone, of Sangamon Co., 111., Secretary of the Illinois association, wrote us Aug. 6 : " Bees are not storlng'any honey now, but I believe we will have a good flow this fall." Dr. a. B. Mason's youngest son, we learn, was married recently. Shows how a father's example will be followed, sometimes. But we congratulate the young couple, and wish them long life and much happiness in their new "Masan-lc" home. Mr. R. 0. CoNDR, of Saratoga Co., N. Y., had this to say recently when sending three new subscriptions for the^ Bee Journal : " I could not get along very well without the American Bee Journal. There Is ,