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Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JAN. 1, 1903.

No. 1.

" 1. A scene on the Georgetown and Silver Plume Scenic Trip, near
Denver. „ ,

2. ■■ Umbrella Rock " in the fiarden of the Gods, near Pike's Peali.
H. Little Luella Hall and a lii.,-pound swarm of bees.
4. Bee-yard of flS colonies, belonging to F. W. Hall.

.5. Home of F. W. Hall, of Sioux Co., Iowa.
6. Carnival Parade Wagon with Honey and Glass Hive ol bees
7 Bird's-eye view of Georgetown, Colo., from the bouth side.
S. A snap-shot from car window near foot-hills west of Denver.
9. A corner of Central City, Colo.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 ErieSt.,6hlcaoo, III.

Entered at the Post-Oflice at Chic8.go as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

Editor — George W. York.
Dbpt. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,

Emma M. Wilson.
Special Correspondents — G. M, Doolittle,

Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C.Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.

' IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
Is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"decOl" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1901.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
beet i-eceived and duly credited.

A.dvertising Rates will be given UDon ap-
plication.

The National Bee-Keeners' Association,

OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

Thomas G. Newman
G. M. Doolittle,

E. Whitcomb,

W. Z. Hutchinson,

A. I. Root,

R. C. AiKiN,

P. H. Elwood.

E. R. Root,

I W. F. Mare

I J. M. Hambadgh

C. P. Dadant,
I Dr. C. C. Miller

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. Hhtchinson, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.

Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.

Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.

JBSrlf more convenient, Dues may be sent to
the office of the American Bee Journal, when
they will be forwarded to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.

Note. — One reader writes;
** I have every reason to be-
lieve that it would be a very
good idea forev.^ry bee-keeper
to wear one [of t;ie buttonsi
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or less honey; at any rate It would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many i person in regard to honey
and bees." i

The picture shown herewith is a reprouuo-
Hon of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
aishing to bee-kespers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents,
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
et tie Americac ^e Journal.

Forty Years
Among the Bees

By DR. C. C. MILLER.

The above is the title, and name of the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
some time in January, 1903, as it is now in the
hands of the printers. It is a book that every
bee-keeper in the world that can read English
will want to own and read. It will contain over
300 pages, be bound in handsome cloth, printed
on good book-paper, and illustrated with over
100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken
by Dr. Miller himself. The book will show in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.

The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted to an interesting biographical sketch of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years. While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new one, it all reads like a good new story of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.

How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's

" Forty Years Among the Bees."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-
paid ; or, if taken with the wkeki^y American
Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for
$1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the
American Bee Journal whose subscription is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new book free as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers to the Bee Journal for one
year with $2.00. This is a magnificent oft'er.
Better send in the new subscriptions before
Jan. 1, so they can begin with the new year.
Or, if sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee Journal free to
the new subscribers.

GEORGE W. YORK S CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

UK. C. C. MILLER.

^1861

'^ERICAt^

(£>/V„

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ELL, JAN. 1, 1903,

No.l.

^ Editorial Comments. ^

A Happy New Year to all the readers of the old Ameri-
can Bee Journal is our sincerest wish. May it also be, in
every way, the very best year of all the years you have
seen.

Crediting New Queens Fairly.— In a thoughtful article
in the American Bee-Keeper, Arthur C. Miller calls atten-
tion to the impropriety of giving credit or blame to a queen
for the success or failure of a colony during the first year
of her introduction. Even if a queen were introduced as
early as May 1, and 60 days be allowed as the average life
of a worker, " it will readily be seen that from a third to a
half of the crop is all that should be credited to the new
blood." If Mr. Miller has made any error in his estimate, it
is probably on the side of allowing the new queen more
than her proper share of influence upon the crop.

A Canadian Honey Exchange — Mr. Morley Pettit in-
forms us that at Barrie, Ont., Dec. 18, 1902, a number of
bee-men of the Province met to organize a honey exchange.
W. A. Chrysler was appointed chairman, and Morley Pettit
secretary, /iro /^)«. The Association is to be called " The
Canadian Honey Exchange," and the following officers
were elected :

Directors — C. W. Post, W. A. Chrysler, Jno. Newton,
and H. G. Sibbald.

Officers— President, H. G. Sibbald; Vice-President, W.
A. Chrysler ; and Secretary-Treasurer, Wm. Couse.

The membership fee is $1.00.

We wish the new organization every success. And con-
gratulate them on getting ahead of the United States bee-
keepers. But the latter will catch up later on. Large bodies
move in a less rapid manner.

Bogie Man for Vicious Bees. — In the British Bee Jour-
nal there was a case reported in which some vicious bees
vented their spite upon a scarecrow or dummy dressed in a
man's clothes. The cross bees appeared to leave their
stings in the bogie man, and there was no trouble from
them afterward. One of the leading contributors of the
Journal, D. M. M., thinks the bogie man might do good by
familiarizing the bees with the presence of something in
the semblance of a man, but seems to feel almost positive
that there was some mistake about the bees stinging the
bogie man, arguing that bees are so discriminating that
they do not sting inanimate objects, and that if it should
sting anything like a felt hat there would be no loss of the
sting, which would be safely withdrawn by the rotary
motion of the bee. However, it maybe in England, "in
this locality " cross bees will attack a felt hat by the
hundred, leaving the hat well spotted with stings that they
have failed to withdraw.

Liquefying Honey in Small Packages,— One way that
has been recommended is to set a case of small glass or tin
packages in the oven of a cook-stove, or in some similar
place, and allow gradual heat to bring the granulated honey
to a liquid conditiou. Mr. Greiner says in the American
Bee-Keeper that he has had very satisfactory results from
using a solar extractor whenever there is sufficient sunshine.

BoxcHives are favored by a correspondent in the Farm,
Bee, and Poultry Review, who says " it is the hive in most
general use, and in the hands of an expert it is a good hive ;
for a brood-chamber I would ask for nothing better ;" and
Editor Colbourne adds, "I, too, am using a few box-hives
for brood-chambers, and find that I get the best results from
them."

Australia must be different from " this locality." The
probability is that most bee-keepers in this country have
not for years seen a box-hive with bees in it. What one
would do " in the hands of an expert " of the present day
can not be told, for the probability is that no expert would
have one.

Proportion of Honey to Wax. — F. Greiner says in the
American Bee-Keeper that he once melted 27 sections and
obtained 12!2 ounces of wax. If we assume that those 27
sections contained 25 pounds of honey, that would mean
that it takes a pound of wax to contain 32 pounds of honey,
or that it takes one-half ounce of wax to contain a pound of
honey.

Shall the National Do flarketing?— There is in prog-
ress a healthy growth in the feeling that it is important for
bee-keepets to unite and organize for various purposes, and
gradually there will come crystallization of thought as to
the best things to be done, and the best way of doing them.
Not of the least importance is the matter of marketing
honey. Shall the National Bee-Keepers' Association take
hold of the matter directly without aid from any other
quarter? Shall the National have nothing to do with it,
and a separate organization be established ? Shall a par-
tially separate organization be formed, the two co-operat-
ing 7 These and other questions are open for considera-
tion, and careful thought should be given them. The fol-
lowing, bearing directly upon the subject, is from an edi-
torial in Gleanings in Bee Culture :

Whether or not the National Bee-Keepers' Association
should establish warehouses at various points is a question.
The Association, as now organized, could not very well un-
dertake a vvork of this kind ; and it is doubtful in my mind
whether it should do so ; but it might work in harmony
with another organization kindred to it. For example, the
bee-keepers of Colorado have what is called the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association — an organization that has
for its object the holding of conventions at certain seasons
of the year. Then they have also another allied to the first
one, known as the Colorado Honey-Producers' Association,
which has for its object the receiving of the crop of the
members and placing it on the market to be sold when the

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

market reaches its highest notch in the mind of an expert
employed by the Associatiou.

I remember it has happened several times that a buyer
has gone through Colorado attempting to break down the
market established by the Association. In vain did he try
to get honey at less than the ruling prices ; for so well vpere
the Colorado bee-keepers organized that he went back home
almost empty-handed, and finally had to pay the price sim-
ply because the bee-keepers of Colorado were so well organ-
ized that one central head controlled the price demanded,
and, of course, obtained it — not only for one man's crop,
but for all the members who put their honey into the hands
of the central organization.

It is possible, then, that the National Bee-Keepers'
Association might be affiliated with and indirectly connected
with another organization which could take care of the com-
mercial interests of bee-keepers, the same to receive their
crops, properly grade them, and then dispose of the product
after the market has been cornered, at a price that is not ex-
orbitant, but which would give bee-keepers a fair living
profit on the investment.

Editor Morehouse, of the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal,
seems to hold much the same view, saying :

The National occupies a peculiar field, and serves a
general purpose that does not come within the scope of an
organization whose specific office is to market the products
of its members. There is plenty of work for both a
national bee-keepers' association and a national honey-
producers' association, and while the membership in each
may be nearly identical, we feel that bee-keeping interests,
in general, will be better served by keeping them distinct
as organizations.

We are quite in accord with the idea that the National
Bee-Keepers' Association is not organized for the purpose
of marketing the honey product of its members. A distinct
and separate national company or organization should be
formed for that purpose. This will be done, we think, if
ever anything worth while is accomplished in the direction
contemplated. The National can help greatly in getting
the new organization started, we believe.

Next week we hope to have more to say on this subject,
when we expect to publish a splendid article by Prof. A. J.
Cook, that we have had for some time, waiting until after
we had published that part of the Denver convention report
which appears this week.

I * The Weekly Budget. * l

Sympathy for Dr. Mason's Family. — Mr. G. W.
Vangundy, of Uinta Co., Utah, writes us as follows :

I am sorry to hear of the death of Father Mason. There
are nine members of the National Bee-Keepers' Association
here, and we all join with you in extending sincere sym-
pathy to the bereaved family in their untimely loss. There
are five or six of the Valley bee-keepers that are not mem-
bers of the National Association, who unite with us in
sending respects to the family of Father Mason.

G. W. Vangundy.

Mr. F. W. Hall, of Sioux Co., Iowa, whose pictures
appear on the first page of this number, wrote us as follows
some time ago :

Friend York: — ^When we read your notes concerning
the Denver convention and your several side-trips, it made
us fee! badly that we had to come home before ascending to
the summit of Pike's Peak ; however, the altitude at Silver
Plume was about as much as my wife could stand. We felt
sorry to have missed going to church and Sunday-school
along with you at Colorado Springs ; although my wife was
very tired and felt quite poorly at the time, I was mainly to
blame for not having gone.

I have quite a number of snap-shots of the scenery
taken at various places through Colorado, which I will send

to you when I have had more time to print them. You will
remember the " burro " at the beginning of the " Rockies,"
on the " Loop " trip ; well, I have one of those finished, and
one a little way from Central City, and one of Georgetown,
on the same trip. I will send them to you now, and the
others after I get them ready. F. W. Hall.

Mr. Hall finally finished up the pictures, and we have
put some of them into the group as they are on the first
page. Nearly all of the Colorado ones were taken while the
cars were in motion. Some of them will doubtless be appre-
ciated more by those who were privileged to take some of
the side-trips after the convention.

In reference to the picture (No. 4) showing Mr. Hall's
home apiary, he says :

As you will see, it was taken in two exposures, and the
two prints fitted together as nearly as could be. The house
on the left is a neighbor's across the alley. The top of our
kitchen chimney shows slightly, the view being gotten from
the roof of the dwelling. The feeder, as described to you
in my former letter [see page 812], shows in the foreground
at the right. Only one feeding-board was in operation at
that time. It was necessary to add two more such, making
three feeding-boards besides the lower trough, in order to
give ample room for the bees to feed without too much
crowding. F. W. H.

The Ontario Bee-Keepbrs' Association. — Mr. Mor-
ley Pettit sent us the following on Dec. 23, in reference to
the Ontario convent ion :

Representative bee-men from all parts of the Province
met at Barrie, Ont., to attend the annual convention of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention, Dec. 16, 17 and IS, 1902.
Pres. J. D. Evans occupied the chair. Among those present
were Prof. Creelman, B. S. A., superintendent of Farmers'
Institutes ; Prof. Frank T. Shutt, M. G. F. I. C. chemist ;
Mr. Jno. Fixter, apiarist. Dominion Experimental Farm,
Ottawa ; and Wm. McEvoy, Provincial Inspector of Api-
aries for Ontario. The discussions were principally along
the line of advancement in business methods, more system-
atic reporting of the honey crop for mutual benefit, and
the formation of a honey exchange.

The officers for 1903 are: President, W. A. Chrysler ;
Vice-Presidents, J. W. Sparling and H. G. Sibbald ; Secre-
tary, Wm. Couse, of Streetsville ; Treasurer, M. Emigh ;
Inspector of Apiaries, Wm. McEvoy, of Woodburn ; Assis-
tant Inspector, F. A. Gemmill, of Stratford.

Next place of meeting, Trenton, Ont.

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly ofifering as rewards for
such efi'ort.

Convention Proceedings.

Report of the Utah Bee-Keepers' Convention.

The little busy bee, and how to make it improve each
shining hour to the fullest extent, formed the theme of sev-
eral interesting discussions at the recent annual meeting of
the State Bee-Keepers' Association held in Salt Lake City.
It was generally agreed that the production of honey, in
Utah, is a pleasant and profitable occupation, when right
methods are used.

Pres. E. S. Lovesy gave an interesting account of the
recent National Bee-Keepers' Convention in Denver, which
he and some others attended. They worked among the de-
legates to have the next convention held in Salt Lake City,
and he thought their efi^orts may be successful. Favorable

Jan. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

comments were indulged in on the subject by many of the
bee-keepers present, after which a resolution was offered,
and unanimously adopted, instructing the President and
Secretary to send a special and urgent invitation to the
Executive Committee of the National organization to hold
the next convention in Salt Lake City.

Judge J. L. Bunting gave an interesting account of the
industry in the southwestern part of the State. He said the
bee- keepers in that section had obtained over an average
yield this season.

Frederick Dart and Vice-President R. S. Rhee, of Weber
county, gave interesting sketches in regard to the progress
in their localities. Mr. Rhees has over 100 colonies, and he
disposed of his products at profitable figures.

In the general discussion it was shown that with the
exception of those places where drouth, grasshoppers or
smelter-sraoke prevailed, the bee-keepers have obtained from
a fair to a good crop of honey throughout the State. It is
hoped that the smelter-smoke problem will soon be settled
by the use of smoke-consumers.

Of interest to the housekeepers was the assertion of
Mrs. Mary A. Sorenson, that she has used honey to good
advantage as a substitute for sugar, in putting up fruit.

As illustrative of the possibilities in bee-keeping, Mr.
F. W. Young cited a case of a man in his neighborhood
who had 8 colonies of bees from which, in one season, he
extracted an average of 300 pounds of honey from each, be-
sides having several new swarms.

J. B. Fagg, the regular Secretary, being absent in
Europe, J. N. Elliott was chosen to fill the position. A
resolution was passed thanking Secretary Fagg for his long
and faithful service in the interest of the Association, and
also delegated him to represent the Utah Bee-Keepers' Asso-
tion in England during his sojourn there.

Among the bee-keepers present who took part in the
discussions were the following : Judge J. L. Bunting, Fred-
erick Dart, Vice-Pres. R. T. Rhees, Fred Schach, Mrs.
Mary A. Sorenson, F. W. Young, N. D. Jenson, N. C. Jen-
sen, T. X. Elliott, Mr. Woodbury, of southern Nevada, and
others.

President Lovesy's Address.

I am pleased to meet our bee-keepers, under fairly fav-
orable conditions at this time. While owing to the drouth
and grasshoppers in some localities some of our beekeepers
have not obtained a full crop the past season, from reliable
reports obtained from nearly all over the State we note that
the average crop of bee-products in Utah has been equal to
those of any other State, the average fiow as reported rang-
ing from 50 to 300 pounds. Some wrote that it was the most
prosperous season they have had in from 3 to 5 years. In
many localities the high-grade product itself is proof of the
excellent flow. We took some samples of honey on our late
visit to the National Bee-Keepers' Convention in Denver.
Some of it was equal, if not superior, to anything in the
convention samples. It was presented to the Governor and
other prominent Colorado citizens. Had we thought of
coming out on top we would have taken more of it. We
were treated so grandly by our Colorado and Eastern bee-
keeping friends that we will ever look back to this trip as
one of the most pleasant events of our lives. There were 6
Utah bee-keepers at the convention, and all enjoyed their
trip.

We gave the Association a hearty invitation to hold
their convention in Salt Lake City, in 1903, and if they
accept we will try. as far as our feeble efforts will prevail,
to make their visit as pleasant and agreeable as ours was
while in Denver. We believe that if our bee-keepers take
sufficient interest in this matter, the Association can be in-
duced to come here ; besides, everybody wants to make one
or more visits to Salt Lake City, and as the great Irrigation
Congress will be held here about the middle of September,
1903, the rates will be low, and we can conceive of no reason
why our bee-keeping friends should not meet with us. As
very few of the prominent bee-keepers of the Association
have ever visited Salt Lake City, we hope they will not miss
this opportunity.

As the question of a stronger organization is the order
of the time, we hope our bee-keepers will make an effort to
get into line. There is great need of improvement, espec-
ially in collecting information as to the amount of bee-pro-
ducts produced through the country each year, and how to
obtain reasonable prices. To begin with, as many of
our bee-keepers have obtained a fairly good crop, they must
not rush it on an' overstocked home market, at any price.

Our Secretary, Mr. J. B. Fagg, has left for Europe,
where he will travel for two years, and will represent the

Utah Bee-Keei*ers' Association while there. It will be
necessary to elect another Secretary to fill the unexpired
term. Our long association has been pleasant and agree-
able, and while I regret his absence I wish him a pleasant
journey and a safe return. E. S. Loves v.

THE DENVER CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 33d Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, held in Denver, Col., on Wed-
nesday, Thursday and Friday,
Sept. 3, 4 and 5, 1902.

[Coutiaued from pa^e S22.'

Vice-Pres. Harris — Can any member inform me where
Mr. Mclntyre's paper is, or whether there is one present?
It was not read, and I see it was on the program for this
morning. It is a little out of the regular order, but if there
is no objection our good-looking Secretary will read the
paper.

Dr. Mason — Do you mean me ?

Vice-Pres. Harris — Yes, I mean you.

Dr. Mason — I thought the remarks of Mr. Harris would
let me out when he said " good looking." You don't want
to " put you foot in it " that way.

Dr. Mason then read the following paper prepared by J.
F. Mclntyre, of California, on

" SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY AT WHOLESALE;
HOW TO GET THE BEST PRICES."

The statement that " to him that hath shall be given,"
etc., still holds good, only it should be made plainer. To
him that hath money shall be given a high price for his
produce, and from him that hath not money his produce
shall be taken at a very low price, is the saying up-to-date.
I believe that this law is as inexorable as Fate, when the
words " at wholesale " govern what is said. A poor bee-
keeper could peddle his honey, selling directly to consumers
who do not know his weakness, at a good price, but the
large producer can not do this ; his honey must pass
through several hands before reaching the consumer, and
the price is governed by the market.

It is said, "All things come to him who can wait."
Ah 1 there is the rub. How can a man wait who has hungry
mouths to fill, and interest gnawing at his vitals ?

I have before me San Francisco's Prices Current of
July 4, 1902. Under Honey it says, " Buyers and sellers
are too far apart in their ideas of values for much trading."
Do you know what that means? It means that those hav-
ing honey to sell now in California can zt/aiV. If there was
one man who could not wait the buyers would get his honey
at the present low price.

I don't know a single neighbor bee-keeper that has his
last year's honey crop now on hand ; they have all sold at
a low price to speculators. Only a ■small portion of their
honey has reached the consumer; the balance is in the
hands of strong men who bought at a low price and are
holding for a high price.

At our conventions this is often asked, " What are
we going to do with the small producer who is too weak to
hold his honey, and breaks the market?" I always look at
the questioner to see if he wants to kill the small producer,
let the speculators eat him up, or or^a/;/-*? him. The ques-
tion has never been answered to the satisfaction of every
one present, but nearly all seem to feel as if the man had
done wrong by selling so cheap.

The big-hearted man, with the love of humanity thrill-
ing in his breast, gets up and says, " We really must or-
ganize these poor fellows so they will be able to hold their
honey for a better price." The stoic gets up and asks " how
much longer 100 of them would hold out than one, if thej-
were all in the same fix and imcst have money /" The deal-
ers would laugh at such a weak corner on honey as that,
and wait a very short time until it went to pieces. The
" bulls '■ must have real slrength : bellowing and pawing
the dust does not scare the " bears " very much, so the or-
ganization fails to make its corner efifective, the officers are
blamed, and things are in worse shape than they were
before.

Is there no hope, then, for the man who is too weak to
hold his crop ? Yes, there is still hope. The citrus fruit-

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

growers have done much to solve the problem. Their pro-
duct was perishable, and could not be held, no matter how
much money they had. Their business got into such bad
shape that they were receiving expense bills instead of
returns for car-loads of oranges shipped East. They had to
do something or quit the business, and they did it. They
organized to sell their fruit and get honest returns. They
placed agents, under bonds, in every large city in the
United States. These agents kept the head office in Los
Angeles posted. Eleven million dollars worth is now con-
signed to these agents annually, and honest returns are
made to the producer, and the acreage of citrus fruits has
doubled instead of declining.

This organization, known as the Southern California
Fruit Exchange, has become so successful that the mem-
bers have all become co operative cranks, and now propose
to give other producers, who are too weak to maintain
agencies of their own, the benefit of their agencies to sell
their products.

The weak bee-keepers in this " neck of the woods" may
now organize and market their honey at any time of the
year through these agencies. The producers are finding
out that the consumers are paying a good price for all the
honey they use. The speculator, who is always a " bear"
to the producer and a " bull " to the consumer, has over-
reached himself, and the bee-keepers now have an avenue
through which they may market their honey without letting
it pass through his hands. J. F. McIntyrB.

Owing to the absence of Mr. T. Lytle, of Colorado, Mr.
Harris called upon Mr. George W. York, who read Mr.
Lytle's response as follows :

SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY AT WHOLESALE;
HOW TO GET THE BEST PRICES.

The best prices for extracted honey— and the same
might be said of comb honey also — will only be obtained
when bee-keepers realize that modern, up-to-date business
methods in production, transportation, distribution and
selling, such as are sucessfully applied to other lines of in-
dustry, must be adopted and strictly followed.

Let us take as an example the citrus fruit industry so
well brought to your attention by the paper just read. From
very small beginnings, in the face of great obstacles, and
without precedents, a great business has been established,
placing these fruits in every city, town, and even village,
of our broad land, tempting the buyer and profiting the
grower. Many other business enterprises are following the
same paths with equal success ; the road, therefore, may be
said to be well defined and traveled.

The obstacles, as I see them, are, first, a failure on the
part of most bee-keepers to produce a thoroughly well-
ripened honey, extracted or comb. Poo-hoo as much as you
please, honey is not at its best for table use, if indeed for
any other, when taken from the hive as soon as gathered.
It lacks the aroma, the rich mellowness of well hive-ripened
honey, and fails to please the taste, to make the continual
consumer that the well-taken article does. Cleanliness and
good surroundings at the bee-yard will not force the taking
of honey as soon as stored, and an experience of over 20
years without one failure to get above the ruling prices,
confirms me in my opinions. I continue in the same mar-
kets, my honey is known, and sells in preference, and if
true of comb honey it must be more true of extracted honey,
so generally taken before ripe, and necessarily lacking in
the points I have mentioned. I believe these things are as
true, though perhaps in a slightly lessened degree, equally
in the irrigated districts with the rain-belts, the irrigated
areas having the advantage of a dryer atmosphere to keep
it good after removal from the hive. I believe that those
who maintain other views have never fairly tried to produce
the best ; and I have met quite a number who would not put
on their own table that which they sent to market, pre-
ferring the better-ripened article.

Second, every distinct brand of honey should be prop-
erly and plainly labeled. Many a person will eat either a
sage, alfalfa, basswood or buckwheat honey continuously,
who would not care for the other brands, and it is poor busi-
ness that fails to let one have that which he desires.

Of course, labeling presupposes a suitable package for
the consumer, and all such packages, if handled by an
agency such as the fruit-men have, should be of uniform
and suitable size, and should bear the guarantee of such
agency. One can easily see an orange or apple — every one
knows what they are. How many really do not know the
iaste, even, of good honey, and yet buy poor and dangerous
sweets just because they are constantly before them in the

stores. Selling through one great agency, the demon of
adulteration could be much better fought, and, cost what it
may, this fight should be to a finish.

Let me heartily commend the matters brought to your
attention by the paper to which I respond. Like a good,
sturdy guide-post it points To Success J"'"'. In my opin-
ion, nothing else that the National can do could in any way
compare with making plans for such handling of our pro-
duct, either by this agency or some other equally well
equipped. But it must be one agency, all others must be
merged, or quit. Competition and failure we have. Let us
try to get into real business methods. T. LyTLK.

F. E. Brown — I think that this is perhaps the impor-
tant question, and I am very glad indeed that this thing
has been sprung, and that we have these two papers deal-
ing with the marketing of our honey in a wholesale way.
We have listened to people from Colorado and other places
wherein they produce their honey and sell it to consumers,
but in California and other places we do not produce our
honey, do it up and sell it ; there is very little honey con-
sumed in the State of California, and, perhaps, in other
States where they produce large quantities. Our honey all
seeks a market in a wholesale way, and the question is as
to how we can derive the best results. We have before us
such as the Citrus Fruit Growers' Association and the
Raisin Growers' Association, which are examples indeed
worthy for us to follow. A few years ago the raisin-growers
of California associated together in order that they might
maintain prices. Before that the growers were digging up
their vines by the acre because it was not profitable to grow
raisins ; now the Raisin Growers' Association has placed it
upon a paying basis ; the same way with oranges — the
orange growers in California maintain a price by which it
is a profitable business. When I buy oranges in ray own
State I pay from 20 to 40 cents a dozen, the same price you
pay here in Denver. When our honey seeks the same chan-
nels we will achieve the same results : and it seems to me
this question should be agitated through our journals, in all
assemblies, and in every way by which it is possible to get
this before our people, in order that we may have our honey
placed upon a profitable and substantial basis by which we
may receive the actual value of the goods.

Dr. Mason — For the first five years that I was secretary,
at every convention we had a paper on co-operation in some
way or other, and some of us thought that was an impor-
tant subject, and now we have a great question ahead of us,
and it will be well now if we could do something definitely.
It always does well to talk, but you can't accomplish any-
thing by talking ; you have to devise ways and means.
Now, if Mr. lirown could tell us what we, as the National
Association, ought to do, we would have something to work
upon. Make it brief and to the point, and it will be just a
great, big step in advance of where we have been. It seems
as if it would be a proper thing for the National Associa-
tion to take hold of this thing, and get it in shape. Of
course, it will take time.

Mr. Brown — Of course, I could not tell you exactly how
this thing should be ; it is a deep question, it is a question
that involves hundreds and thousands of dollars, but if the
National Association would take hold of the selling of the
honey, then I would have confidence to place my crop in the
hands of the National Association where I would not in any
local organization. To illustrate that, in central California
I am the Business Manager of the Central California Bee-
Keepers' Association ; they voted me that position and
placed their honey in my hands, that I might put it upon
the market in a wholesale way for sale. They have confi-
dence in me simply because they know me, but we can not
expect to know individuals or certain salesmen, commis-
sion merchants, and so on, sufficiently to have confidence
to place our goods there ; but in the National Association
we will have confidence, and I am willing to place my entire
product in the hands of the National Association, and that
can be done in this way : In each locality let them place
their honey, not simply by shipping it to a certain point,
but by reporting. I might report I have in my locality ten
cars of honey, represented by samples submitted to the
management of the National Association ; and the man-
agement of the National Association, having in their hands
their reports of the honey all over the United States and
Canada, or other territory, are in a proper position to mar-
ket this honey at the difiFerent markets that are open for the
product, and not to force or overcrowd any particular point.
That has all been discussed before. The small holders —
the men who must sell, and must have the money in our
local association — bring in their report to me, and I will go

Jan. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

with them to the bank and secure money for them, and they
will pay interest upon the money they use. This very same
arrangement can be worked out throug^h the National Asso-
ciation. If I was in need of money and could not wait until
the Association sold my goods, then I could afford to pay
interest on the money that I had to have.

Dr. Mason — Instead of selling your honey at a sacrifice.

Mr. Brown — Yes, that is the point. The Raisin Grow-
ers" Association do it in this way. They pool their product ;
it is all placed in the hands of the management of the Asso-
ciation as goods belonging to the Association, not in the
hands of the individual at all ; the goods were placed with
them under written, signed contracts ; the Kaisin Growers'
Association place the goods upon the market, and when one
car-lot is sold each person receives his pro rata, and so on
until the whole store of goods is disposed of, declaring
dividends at certain times as they proceed. The same thing
can be arranged through the National Association in sell-
ing our honey.

H. Rauchfuss — Couldn't it be done much cheaper by
consolidation and co-operation ? Couldn't it be carried one
step further ? We all admit it is done cheaper under the
Raisin and Fruit Growers' Association than individually.
Wouldn't it still tend to lessen the expense if the different
organizations had one store-house and one management to
market their production from ?

Frank Rauchfuss — In the first place, we found that if
we wanted to do any business in this State we had to make
it a stock company at the start. Now, if a person belong-
ing to the Association brings in his honey to be sold by the
manager, he is charged 10 percent commission for storing,
selling the honey, and having it insured against fire, and
collecting the money. Now, that might look rather big, 10
percent commission ; I suppose it is, but we have to make it
that large to be on the sure side ; and two years ago we
would also buy a little honej- from the outside, and sell it to
people that did not belong to the Association ; then, we
would make a little money out of the supply business, and
in this way, after the season was over, and we closed up
our business, it cost us one-tenth of one percent to have our
honey stored, sold, money collected, and all. Just think of
it, one-tenth of one percent ! I would like to say, where is
the association or business house that could do business for
less than that ? And we got an excellent price for our
honey.

If there is a member of our Association that is short of
money he will bring in a hundred cases of honey and say,
" I would like to have some money on that." He can have
his money at very low interest. If it is only a week until
his crop is sold the interest is off.

I believe it will do a great many of our members good
to look into the matter a little closer, and get some of our
constitutions and by-laws and study the matter; but we
ought to have something provided, we ought to be con-
nected with this Association, or with some other associa-
tion— we ought to have a central organization.

Of course, we of Colorado are trying to spread out and
trying to have our local organizations — for instance, we
have one at Longmont, and as we grow we will have some
at other places, but really it ought to be done by some one
else ; it ought to be done by the organization, and they
ought to go to work and do it. But how we could do it is
very hard to determine. You can not figure these things
out in five minutes. It took us a good many years before
we could incorporate, before the people could be gotten in-
terested in it and do anything for it. So far it has been
successful, and I would like to make a motion to the effect
that our chairman be empowered to appoint a committee of
five to consider the matter, and find ways and means to
organize and get closer in touch with such organizations ;
we shall call them business organizations, for that is really
what they are. I don't think it is practical to have any
State Association or any other of those organizations do it ;
it has to be nothing but a business organization. It takes
money to do it. Here in this State it has to be a stock
company.

J. Merkley — I second the motion.

The chairman stated the motion, and, on the question
being called for, put the motion, which, on a vote having
been taken, was declared carried.

(Concluded ne.xt week.)

Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

Rearing Prolific and Long- Lived Queens.

BY C. I>. DADANT.

THE discussion which has taken place in the American
Bee Journal about this matter has drawn the attention
of bee-keepers throughout the world. It may be of in-
terest to the readers to hear some of the opinions expressed.

In the "Revue Internationale," of Switzerland, for
October, 1902, Marius Barthelemy writes as follows :

" It was by crossing and selection that I obtained
queens that are beautiful and robust, and producing bees
which resist the diseases that prey upon the race, and
which I attribute mostly to degenerescence by weakness.
One must be very careful in condemning a method, for all
depends upon the manner in which it is used, the least over-
sight, the least fault, leads to failure.

" To obtain good queens, we need a temperature of not
less than 65 degrees outside ; eggs or young larvae from
choice queens whose laying has been stimulated by feeding;
plentj' young bees from active colonies ; a copious supply of
food till the queens are sealed ; and, lastly and sine-qua-non,
the nucleus or colony must be ^o/.f^a' with bees. It is not
necessary that the hive be large, if it is strongly supplied
with bees.

"I find the Doolittle method excellent for extensive
bee-keeping, but I like also the Alley method. . . . But my
opinion is that the great effort must be in the direction of
choice breeders to improve the race."

In L'Apicoltore, of Milan, Italy, the editor of that
progressive magazine — the Signor DeRauschenfels, who is
the author of a treatise on bees, and who has for years sus-
tained the most progressive methods — writes the following
in reply to statements and enquiries on the matter of queen-
rearing :

"As to the opinion of Malan Brothers, that queens
reared, as it is called, artificially, are less robust and suffer
more from long travel than those reared at the swarming
season or in replacing an old queen, we assert that though
it is customary to prefer a swarm's queen-cell, to a ' sup-
plied cell,' the queen which issues from the latter, provided
it was reared in a normal colony, transported with sufficient
care to a sufficiently populous, so that neither heat nor care
could be wanting until the queen hatches, is neither less
robust nor alert than the one which is reared in the normal
family."

For many, many years, the tendency of our queen-
breeders has been in the direction of color. All, or nearly
all, their efforts were on this one point. The Italian bees
were yellow, and the yellower the bees the purer they were
thought to be. In-and-in breeding was a natural conse-
quence of selecting always from the yellowest. Thus the
breed was weakened, by a very unreasonable and yet very
natural selection. Whatever popular sentiment demands is
sure to come on the top. We are much less prone to look to
color, because the Italian bee is very thoroughly established
in this country, and hybrids few. So we are running much
less risk of having our queens bred from only one pattern.

I believe that these discussions will lead to a great deal
of good. Whether we decide that one man or another is
right, we will certainly all come to the conclusion that we
must use great care in the selection of our breeding-queens ;
and that we must, as much as possible, get our drones
from choice stock also. All will also recognize that the
queens must be bred in hives having a strong population,
and lacking in nothing in the way of warmth, nourishment,
and nurse- bees. Hancock Co., 111.

A Central Honey-Producers' Exchange.

Writlrn fur Ihf Wlscotisin Convenlion held at Madison in February, 1902,
BY GEORGE \V. YORK.

PROF. A. J. COOK, in his article published some time
ago in the American Bee Journal, told of the wonderful
success with which co-operation on the part of the pro-
ducers of certain orchard products had met in California,
notably the citrus fruit-growers. He urged a similar or-

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

ganization for the producers of honey. And Prof Cook is
right.

But the question is. How shall an effective co-operative
organization be formed among bee-keepers? I wish that I
might prove myself a modern Moses who could lead out the
children of Langstroth from the land of bondage of low
prices and uneven distribution of honey to the Promised
Land of fair prices and fair profits in bee-keeping. But
though this may not be, still I may at least try to offer a
few suggestions that will perhaps start some abler mind on
the highway to wise planning and successful achievement.

I have long thought that in Chicago there should be
organized and conducted a stupendous honey-producers'
exchange. This central organization should ascertain the
probable amount of honey in the country at the close of the
honey harvest ; should have large suitable space for the
storage of honey ; and be in a position to advance, if neces-
sary, say a quarter of the actual value of the honey it un-
dertakes to handle. It should also be in close touch with
every large or small honey market in the United States, and
be able to make shipments to foreign countries. Having
the proper facilities and brains to manage all its affairs, it
should soon be in a position practically to handle all the
honey to be sold outside the home or local markets of bee-
keepers in this broad land of ours.

Let it be generally known throughout the country that
there is a great Honey-Producers' Exchange in Chicago,
and from every town or city of any note in the United
States there would come inquiries for honey. Many car-
load shipments would be made not only direct from Chicago,
but much in freight charges would be saved by telegraph-
ing to the centers of honey-production (in California, Col-
orado or Arizona, for instance) for car-loads to be sent
direct to St. Louis, New Orleans, Cincinnati, or to the East-
ern markets. Of course, the surplus honey stocks should
be used first to supply the needs nearest where produced,
then afterward ship honey in from a distance. By so doing
there would be secured a more even distribution, preventing
an over-supply at any given point, and putting a fair
amount of honey where now, perhaps, but little if any is
used.

This central exchange should adopt and use (also
authorize to be used under proper restrictions) its own brand
on every case, can, jar, or comb of honey that is moved
under its supervision. By so doing, in a very few years the
honey put on the market by the Central Honey-Producers'
Exchange would have a value that could not be estimated,
for every pound of honey bearing its brand— and so its
purity and quality backed up by the greatest honey-pro-
ducers' exchange on earth— would command a higher price
in every market on the globe.

Now, maybe I am visionary. Perhaps I have sawdust
where bright brains should be. But to me this all looks
feasible. Of course, it would take some capital to start it.
A large storage warehouse should be leased ; one efficient,
pushing man, capable of managing large affairs, should be
employed, and given the power to add such assistants as
may be necessary. He should be the directing genius, re-
sponsible only to a board of say five directors, elected an-
nually by the stockholders. Stock could be taken at so
much per colony of bees owned, perhaps two or five dollars
a colony. That is, if a man owned 100 colonies he would
need to put in $200 or $500, as might be arranged. It should
prove a handsome dividend-paying investment. But no
honey should be excluded because its producer is not a
stockholder, and all the honey of local bee-keepers should be
brought up in instances where it is found that such honey
is being offered at a price below what it should bring in
view of its grade, and the carefully estimated amount of
honey produced in the whole country that season.

Oh, I might go on, and on, and give detail after detail,
but all that will unwind itself when once the thing is
started.

I suggest further that this subject be taken up in the
jjee-papers and conventions from now until the next meet-
ing of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, when defi-
nite action can be taken either by the Association itself or
by individuals who may get together and organize for the
purpose of planning and carrying out an exchange such as
is here proposed, or one similar to it.

Bee-keepers need to do something, and that right
speedily, in order to help themselves, by maintaining just
and fair living prices for their honey. The National
Bee-Keepers' Association could help greatly in getting this
very important subject before the bee-keepers of the coun-
try, and in a way that will bring tangible results — results
that will mean more to every houey-producer than anything |

else that has happened since Father Langstroth unfolded
the inside of a bee-hive to the view of wondering mortals.
It would also mean much to the honey-consuming public.
How few there are who really know the great value of
honey as a daily food. Its medicinal qualities are scared}-
dreamed of by the majority as yet. All this valuable in-
formation could be brought to the attention of the public
through suitable advertising matter — by leaflets and
through the newspaper press — all of which would tend to
increase the demand for the delicious pure honey put on the
market by the honey-producers' exchange.

I, personally, have had sufficient experience in the honey-
selling business itself to warrant me in saying that here is
a profitable field whose develpment only awaits — yea, pleads
— the coming of a honey-producers' exchange such as I have
outlined. And the bee-keepers themselves, could they once
understand its objects, would hasten to embrace the oppor-
tunity to place themselves in line so that its beneficent
results might extend to them.

If the bee-keepers of this land would be as wise and
alert as are the bees they own, they would soon organize
along the lines indicated, and thus place themselves and
their precious product before the people in away that would
command not only high respect, but would also create an
unlimited demand for all the concentrated sweetness in the
shape of honey that could be produced annually by all the
bees in all our grand country.

Cook Co., 111. Jan. 17, 1902.

^ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters l

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, ill.

Good-Natuped " Drones " are Welcome— Smoker-
Fuel.

Referring to the article on page 760, I may say that
however dangerous it may be in general for " any old
drone " to attempt to enter this department, he may make
the attempt without the least fear if his coming is accom-
panied by as good-natured and bright remarks as those of
Mr. Whitney on the aforesaid page. Neither is our genial
Afterthinker in the danger Mr. Whitney supposes. We
shall always deem it an honor to have him consider the
sisters of sufficient consequence to think about them,
whether his thinking be before or " after."

As to apple-wood for smoker-fuel, it is again as Mr.
Whitney says, a question of " locality." In the home api-
ary and in the Wilson apiary, aside from chips, apple is the
favorite wood, while in the Hastings apiary it is never used,
burr-oak having the preference. The first two apiaries are
located in apple orchards, while the Hastings apiary is in a
lovely little grove of burr-oaks.

A Beg-inner's Experience with Bees.

My Dear Miss Wilson :— I take the American Bee
Journal, and write to tell you how interested I have been in
your articles on " Bee-Keeping for Women." I am a be-
ginner, and am very much interested in bee-culture ; in
fact, I have what they call the "bee-fever."

In the summer of 1901 I got the " A B C of Bee-Culture "
and studied it all summer and all winter. In the fall I
bought two colonies of common bees in Simplicity hives.
One colony died of starvation. The other, by feeding, man-
aged to pull through. So, in the spring, I had one colony.
I practiced stimulative feeding. I put a hive-body on top of
the old one, to give them plenty of room, and to keep them
from swarming, but they cast a large swarm the tirst of
June, which I lost. In order not to lose a possible after-
swarm, I took the top story off and set it on a stand by it-
self. I then bought a red clover queen and put her in. I
clipped her wing first, but as I failed to cut out all the
queen-cells I didn't for a moment believe she had been ac-
cepted. But I find the bees in that hive are different from
the others. Many of them are very yellow ; some of the
drones are nearly all yellow.

1. Do you suppose she was accepted, after all ?

2. If so, why are the bees not all yellow ?

3. Do you suppose there could be two queens ?

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

That colouy gave me 60 sections filled with as beautiful
white hone)' as I ever saw. I got only 10 from the other
colony. I have sold it nearly all for 16 and 20 cents a sec-
tion.

I now have the colonies packed on the top with chaflF
cushions, as the books direct, but I have put nothing on tlie
sides. One is the Simplicity hive, the other is a Danzen-
baker, which I bought in the flat, and nailed up and painted
myself. The hives are very heavy with honey.

4. How do you think I have succeeded with this my first
venture ? I knew nothing whatever about bees ; what I have
learned has been through reading, and I read everything I
can lay my hands on. I enjoy it thoroughly, all but the
stings; they bother me quite a little. There is no pain of
any account, but when the poison begins to go through my
system I become unconscious, followed by nausea and vom-
iting. I am hoping in time I will get over that.
• 5. What do you think about it ?

There is one thing I don't believe I will ever be able to
do, that is, to find the queen in a full colony. It seems to
me next to an impossibility to pick her from the mass of
bees.

I don't care to bother with extracting, so I am going to
work for comb honey entirely. I will use the Danzenbaker
hives. I know nothing whatever about them, or any other,
for that matter. I bought five in the flat last winter, and
put them together without any assistance. It was like
working out a puzzle, though, to get all the parts together.
I had nothing to go by except the instructions in the little
book that came with them.

I live in a town, and have my bees in the rear of the
lot. No bees are kept for miles around. I can not give
them much attention from the middle of June to the first of
September, as I am away during that time.

I hope. Miss Wilson. I have not taken too much of your
time with this preamble. But I did want to talk to some-
body who knows about bees, and tell hjm or her what I have
done. It seems to me I have done fairly well. The season
was wet and cold, and not a good season for bees, the
American Bee Journal says. I am sure no one could get
along without a bee-paper of some kind.

Monmouth Co., N. J.. Nov. 25. LuELLA R. Hall.

Answers. — 1. Yes, I think she was accepted ; she prob-
ably destroyed the queen-cells.

2. It is nothing uncommon to find that the bees are not
all marked alike in the same hive, even if the queen be
purely mated. If the hives are close together I think the
bees mix more or less, as I have often noticed that where a
colony of verj' yellow bees stood next to a colony of dark-
colored ones, I would often find some very yellow bees in
with the dark bees, and some black bees mixed with the yel-
low ones.

3. No, I do not think it very likely that there were two
queens in the same hive. It is only rarely that two queens
are allowed to remain in the same hive, and they are usually
mother and daughter.

4. I think you have every reason to be proud of your
first venture — 60 sections from one colony was doing very
well indeed. And you succeeded in getting a good price for
it, too.

5. I am very sorry that bee-stings affect you so un-
pleasantl)', but I will say for your comfort that when I first
commenced to work with bees, a sting would make me sick
for two or three days. A sting on the hand would probably
swell my eyes shut. Now, when I am stung I do not suflr'er
at all except the pain the sting inflicts, and in a very short
time can not tell where I was stung. The system becomes
accustomed to the poison in time.

Don't worry about not being able to find a queen. In
time 3-ou will laugh over the idea that you even thought
you could not find her, although at present it looks like a
big undertaking.

Too bad that you have to be away from your bees just
at the time they need attention most.

Don't worry about taking too much of my time. I shall
hope to hear from you often. I shall be very much inter-
ested in hearing how you are succeeding.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of f 1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year m advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasset.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

ABOUT THE SHAKEN OR FORCED SWARMS.

Anent the "shook" and how it should be shook.
" Important that the bees should be gathering honey
and secreting wax." — H. R. Boardraan. Strong hint
that bees, especially black bees, sometimes resent the per-
formance and swarm out. — (Harry Howe.) M. A. Gill dis-
covers for us that it is essentially the same as "driving ; "
which the bee-keeping Abraham, if not the bee-keeping
Adam, used to practice. E. F. Atwater thinks it very im-
portant to give the shook more bees from time to time.
Pouder (we are not surprised to learn) get's 'em up five
stories high — the colonies made out of the residuary frames
of brood. Ernest Root puts first the tremendous importance
of rendering practical (if the thing fully works) a non-
swarming out-apiary run for comb honey, and with small
brood-chambers. Page 717.

BEES AND HONEY AT THE ST. LOCIS FAIR.

At St. Louis bees and honey won't be put upstairs, nor
down cellar, because there is not to be any upstairs or down
cellar in the agricultural building. Good. S3S, 000,000 to
be spent there, eh ? The Yankee genius for wasting money
is hugely developed, but it would be sad and queer if they
wasted all that. Page 726.

HEALTH CERTIFICATE FOR MOVING BEES.

Hambaugh is right. No colonies to be sold or moved
out of an infected apiary till written permission of the in-
spector can be given. Page 727.

SHADE FOR HIVES.

W. R. Ansell is right — to the extent that a gooi and
sufficient shade-board is a little ahead of any practicable
living shade. May play truant, and be absent when needed
most, which the latter does not do. Page 728.

IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN QUEEN-LARV.E FOOD ?

That bees may put a large lump of extra jelly in a
queen-cell and yet the quality of the jelly be so poor that a
very poor queen must necessarily result. This proposition
drawn from Henry Alley, page 729, seems improbable to me.
somehow. Mr. Alley calls for chemical analysis to show.
I don't believe we have any chemists that are fully equal to
a task of that sort. They may understand it, more's the
pity. The difference between good and poor in similar
foods (while often tangible enough) may be an exceedingly
elusive distinction.

DR. MASON'S PICTURE.

The picture of Dr. Mason on page 739 is an excellent
one. I have often wondered why the picture reproduced on
the outside of No. 49 was so much in vogue. A base slander
on the good Dr. Imputes a dull, corpse-like look to a man
who both looked and was very much alive.

THE QUEEN AND SWARMING.

I would reply to Dr. Miller, on page 745, that although
Alabama's first case is not technically an exception to the
rule, that a queen of the current year is a remedy for swarm-
ing, it is a serious shortcoming in the rule — one of the
things which prevent it from being of much use to us prac-
tically.

BEES CARRY DOWN COMB HONEV.

I think George Brown is liable to have cases, some time
in the future, when bees that are light of stores below will
provokingly neglect to carry down comb honey even when
it is uncapped. Page 748.

COMB FOUNDATION IN SECTIONS.

Have a little more charity, Mr. Bartz. Use it in full
sheets, and put in bottom starters of it, too. Not probable
that such a lot of men, and such good men, hold their views
insincerely to advise foundation. Neither is it probable
that their ignorance averages a much greater density than —
ours, for instance. I'm in the same boat with you as to
practice — do not myself either use or advocate full sheets of

10

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

foundation in the sections — but still I am willing to assume
that at least some of the folks in the other boat have ad-
justed themselves correctly to their own locality, bees and
circumstances. Page 732.

BEES AND A RAINY CLIMATE.

And so in the most rainy county of the most rainy State
(where the inhabitants are accused of having fins and
scales), a good many farmers keep a few bees — sure sign
that a rainy climate is not a total bar to honey-storing.
Page 749.

MANY KINDS OF PHACELIA.

Thirteen species of phacelia in one section of Califor-
nia. Thanks to Editor Cowan for posting us about the
phacelias. Evidently the tansy-leaved phacelia is a great
producer of honey ; but whether the amount and quality of
the green forage it can be made to yield will tempt our
farmers to raise it — aye, there's the rub. Page 750.

A LOT OF DONKEYS !

My, what a lot of donkeys gaze out upon us from the
title page of No. 48 !

Questions and Answers, i

CONDtJCTBD BY

OR. O. O. aULLER, Afareng-o, HZ.

[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv mall.— Editor.1

Moving Bees by Railroad in Winter.

Could I move a few colonies of bees to Alcona, Mich.,
about the middle of January ? It being cold at that time,
would the combs break down in transportation ?

Would the bees freeze before I could get them on their
new stands and fixed for cold weather ?

Please tell me all that is required for such handling.

Ohio.

Answer. — The weather, the condition of the combs,
and the manner of handling, all have a bearing on the case.
The colder the weather, the more brittle the combs. If the
combs are old and tough, there will be less danger of break-
ing. Wired combs arc safer than those not wired. Unless
the colonies were very weak, there would be no danger
from freezing the bees. The distance is so great that you
would probably move them by rail. Place them in the car
so that the frames run parallel with the railroad tracks.
Fasten them securely so that they cannot move about in the
car. The entrance closed with wirecloth will give them all
the ventilation needed for such cold weather.

Spacing-Anchor for Brood-Prames.

I have noticed complaints as to spacing-staples used in
the ends of the brood-frames. I herewith enclose a cut of a
home-made "spacing-anchor" which I hope will satisfy
complainants' taste, as it is very simple and made of the
same size wire as the common staples comes in.

The spacing anchor is inserted through small holes
pierced through the ends of the top-bar, and the sides of the
frame. The holes are put in the middle of the bars, about
'4 inch from the side-bars in the top-bar, and one inch from
the top-bar in the side-bars. J. HillER.

Answer. — The " spacing-anchor " as explained, passes
through the top-bar '4 inch outside of the end-bar, and is
then bent to pierce the end-bar an inch lower down. This
makes the frame practically a wedge, which if let down
evenly must automatically go to the right place. It cer-
tainly looks all right, and before I ever tried any end-
staples I invented and used the same thing. In actual prac-
tice, however, it does not work so well as the staples. The
very feature that commends it in theory is against it in
practice. IT ntil it is very nearly down in place, it allows
one end to drop down inside, whereas the minute the staples
strike at all, it prevents the possibility of the other end
dropping down. This dropping down is the thing that has

been complained of, and the staples prevent it more than
any other plan. It is possible that those who have had
trouble about dropping down do not have the most accurate
work, as others have no trouble of that sort.

If any one wishes to try the plan proposed he can easily
try one or more frames by driving in a thin wire nail
through the top-bar, and then bending it in to the end-bar.

Bees Humming in tfie Cellar— Odd-Size Frames.

1. Do bees always keep on humming in the hives all
winter when in the cellar, in which the temperature is 45
degrees ? If not, please tell me the cause.

2. What will be the price, per hundred, for frames of
these dimensions? Langstroth length bottom-bar, but 13
inches deep from top to bottom, outside measure.

Iowa.

Answers. — 1. I believe there are some who say their
bees are found entirely quiet, but I think mine never are. A
humming, more or less pronounced, may always be heard.
They seem to go somewhat in waves, occasionally stirring
up so as to make quite a little noise, but almost entirely
quiet during the rest of the time. These periods of occa-
sional waking up differ in the different hives, so that when
one stands to listen at the door of the bee-room there is a
constant, gentle murmur, which I confess I rather enjoy
hearing.

2. I don't know. Such a frame, being an odd size, is
probably not listed in any catalog, and would have to be
made to order; but if you will apply to any manufacturer
he will no doubt quote a price.

Piling Up Hives with Bees for the Winter.

Would it be safe for me to stack up the hives with bees
each upon the other in a warm room, without any fire near
by, for the winter ? Also, would it do to stop up the
entrance with some small strips of wire-screen to keep the
bees in ? If so, would they need water before the winter is
over? I am a beginner in the bee-business, just began last
spring. North Carolina.

Answer. — The probability is that it would not work
well. Something depends on what you mean by a warm
room. It is generally considered that 45 degrees is warm
enough. If, however, you could have them in a room
with steady heat, in perfect darkness, with pure air
all the time, it might do to have them a good deal warmer.
Don't think of fastening the bees in the hive. Some have
tried it to their sorrow. When a bee tries to leave the hive
in wititer, if it finds itself penned in, it will raise a commo-
tion and set others trying to get out, whereas if the entrance
is free it will quietly go without disturbing any one else.
The thing to do is to try to keep bees from wanting to leave
the hive, not to fasten them in.

Sowing for Bee-Pasturage— Moving and Wintering Bees
—Shower-Grass.

1. Just adjoining my place is a railroad right-of-way,
and on it a very high field, a quarter of a mile long. What
can I sow on this right-of-way best for bee-pasturage ? Of
course the seed cannot be worked or cultivated, it can only
be sown on top of the ground, and take the chances on
growing.

Then, again, the weeds on this right-of-way are cut
twice during the summer, by the section-hands. Now, as
the seed cannot be worked in, and as the weeds and grass
are cut twice a year, what would I better sow ? There are
several acres, and I would like to turn it into a bee-field.

2. Is it best to move bees when thej' have to be moved
several miles now, or wait until spring ? I prefer to move
them now.

3. My home is built with an L,, facing the south, and
in that L I can put several colonies of bees. The house will
protect them from both north and east winds. The sun can
shine right into the face of the hive. Will that be a good
place for bees in winter ? I cannot keep them there in sum-
mer.

4. What do you think about " shower-grass " for Ken-
tucky ? Kentucky.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. I think I should take my
chances on sweet clover. Seed sown either spring or fall,

Jan. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

especially if the stock could tramp it in, would be likely to
make a catch, and if only a few plants should start, the
seeds from them would make an increase. You should sow
two years in succession, for the plants from the first seed
would not bloom and mature seed till the second year. The
cutting- twice a year might do harm, and it might not— de-
pends on when it takes place. If the first cutting- should
take place a little while before the time of blooming, it
would be an advantage, probably. For if white clover

abounds you do not care for sweet clover till later, and cut-
ting at the right time will make the sweet clover bloom
later.

2. It would probably be a little better to move them in
the spring, but in Kentucky the difference would probably
not be much.

3. I £:ucss it would be a good place. Try it.

4. I never heard of " shower "-grass before. Perhaps
some one else will tell us about it.

How To Make Money

With Poultry and Incubators.

That is the title of our new I'.m;; I k -l-Ji; I ir^^e pages. It

nif, broiler
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or roasters, drawn from the evi' ~re\pertsin

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r YPHFR ^ INCUBATORS

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Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writing.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturaitje and Nectar-
Producing- Plants; the Uee-Rauches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.(H) per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

AI^.tt*n;il '^^* 's o^^i" 3 quarter of a
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its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

AmeFiean Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

] Do It Quick! P

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Sample Free

The Modern Farmer
and Husy Bee, fSOc;

All for fl.OO if you
mention this paper—
and address —

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
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SO chaff hives with "-in. cap,
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This winter we have double
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to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. V. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Good Prospects for 1903.

We are havinir a very wet time here, snow,
rain and ice, but no cold weather.

The bees are doing well on their summer
stands. I exjieela t^ood honey crop next sum-
mer. I have 10 acres of crimson clover, and
it is tine, and about 4 acres of alsike, and lots
of white clover. We icannot help getting- a
frood honey crop, and I will try and take jjood
care of it. L. A. Hammond.

Washinjjton Co., Md., Dec. "20.

Bees at Work in California.

I have 4 ooloiiie.< of black bees, aud one of
Italian. They are packing in pollen as hard
as they can, and :i weeks ago I had a colony
of black bees that had only one comb built;
it was a late swarm that was given me. I
looked at them the other day and they had 6
combs heavy with brood and honey.

I am going to buy a lot of old boxes with
bees right here and transfer them. One mau
has some bees and he never gets a swarm, and
his sister got a patent hive and put one swarm
in; it would not stay, so she caught another
one, and said she would make this one stay
in, so she poured hot water on them, and they
died. She wondered why !

There are lots of eucalyptus flowers and
Narcissus. The fruit-trees are budding out,
and there are lots of roses and violets.

R. Thompson.

Martin Co., Calif., Dec. 10.

The Season of 1902.

It was a poor season for bees here; it was
very cold in .June, and the bees dwindled
badly. I lost 14 colonies, and 3 more were
breeding up very slowly, so I killed the
queens and put swarms in with them, and
they were all right. The first of July the
weather was somewhat better, and the bees
began storing in the extracting supers. I had
4" good colonies, increased to "l.and got 3200
pounds of first-class honej'.

Edward Knoll.
Grey Co., Ont., Dec. 17.

Results of the Past Season.

The bees did next to nothing the first part
of the season, but did well the latter part. I
got 1400 pounds from 32 colonies. The honey
was darker than usual.

The bees have gone into winter quarters
strong and heavy. The prospects for another
year are grand. C. A. Fairbanks.

Jones Co., Iowa, Dec. 11.

Bees Prepared for Winter.

I bought .T colonies last spring, and in-
creased to 10; they are yellow and blacks, and
I have them in '.i-frame chafl-hives. I pre-
pared them for winter, as follows: Removed
the oilcloth and placed a frame-work over the
brood-frames, tu allow one inch for the bees
to pass over tlie frames, and then the straw
mat, which is about 3 inches thick, to absorb
the moisture; and packed outside, on 3 sides,
with straw, and under the bottom-board, also

To make c

Counting Chicks Before Hatching

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^¥T-j». .1.^-1 An honest partner and up-to-
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mostly in 10-F. Hives. References wanted, and
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H. W. LUEBKERT, Brush, Colo.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writinp

MoyntUnlonGollefle I

Open to both sexes from the begin- \[
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade V
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Dittmer's Foundation !

Retail— Wbolesale— Jobbing.

I use a PROCESS that produces 'EVERY
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at prices that are the lowest. Catalog giving

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with prices and samples^ tree on application
BEESWAX WANTED.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Flease --ifintioii Bee Journal when -WTiUiig.

^PRAVING

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WetUm agfntt, I/cnion 4- UubUU .Chicago .ill.

please mention Bae Journal w>'en wiii^-ng

12

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

Discount lor urn orders.

On all cash orders received before Jan. 1, 1903, we will allow you a discount
of 4 percent ; before April 1st, 2 percent. Send us a list of the goods you want
and we will. quote prices by return mail.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, WATERTOWN, WIS., U, S. A.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien ■WTitin&

WHITE COMB HONEY WANTED.

Please write us, stating- source gathered from, quantity, and price delivered
here. It must be put up in no-drip cases. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

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There wa-s rrvore morvey nr\a>.de by FaLrmers
a.r\d Ga.rder\ers lr\ 1902

.ninany previous year in the history of the United States. 1903
wiii equal if not excel it. Good seed is scarce — buy early.

I Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual

for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the create
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photographs and is free. Shall we send you a copy?
Johnson & Stokes, 217-219 Market St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

t Money Bringers c

raato has no competiti

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r^alSfncnia I U you care to know ol itt
WdlllUnilcl I Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
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=BEST=

I ExiraGiefl Honey For §al6 1

^ ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS. ^

Alfalfa
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Thisis thefamou'i
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m '" — '" ' — ^

the entrance, which is 5-16xl3ij. I left the
opening about 2 inches wide.

The Ijees have not tal<en a flight since
November 13. The other day it was fairlj'
warm, and I noticed that halt of the bees in
one hive were dead, so I disturbed them,
and found moldy combs. What caused the
combs to become moldy, and the bees to die t

My bees have honey enough for the winter,
but I did not get any surplus — too much rain
and cool weather. My bees are well sheltered
against the cold winds, on the north by hills,
and on the west by timber.

I do not see how any bee-keeper can get
along without the American Bee Journal.

Chas. J. DOPPEL.

Ozaukee Co., Wis., Dec. 23.

Bees Did Fairly Well.

My bees did fairly well the past season. I
received about 35 pounds of honey per colony,
and my best colony gave 'M pounds, 72 pounds
during the month of September.

I run for extracted honey, and winter the
bees on the summer stands.

1 will have to call Dr. Miller's attention to
the fact that I had a laying queen that crawled
through the queen-excluder (a new one), and
laid eggs in the extracliug-super. She was a
good-sized queen, at that ; of this I am posi-
tive.

The American Bee .Journal is all right.

Chas. M. Darrow.

Vernon Co., Mo., Dec. 16.

Bees Starved to Death.

1 hear complaint of bee-keepers (in a small
way) that their swarms of last summer are
now dead from starvation. A few of our bees
were carrying in water until the close of
November.

We have calls for honey frequently, but
have none to supply the demand. A car-load
of comb honey arrived lately from California.
Mrs. L. Harrison.

Peoria Co., 111., Dec. 15.

A Bad Year for Honey.

We have had a bad year for honey. The
bees will have a hard time of it next spring, if
they are not well fed. G. D. Hawk.

Sullivan Co., Tenn., Dec. 5.

Honey-Yield Disappointing.

The yield of honey has again been disap-
pointing to the bee-keepers of northern Penn-
sylvania as a whole, although a few in some
localities were more fortunate than the many.

Apple-bloom and other spring flowers
yielded an abundance of honey, so .that the
colonies were very strong, and all hands were
on deck in great expectation of harvesting a
big crop of clover and basswood honey. But
it was not to be. It has been many years
since white clover blossomed as it did the past
summer. The cold, wet weather caused the
failure. Buckwheat yielded a very little
honey. Had it not been for favorable fall
weather the bees would have needed feeding;
as it was, they gathered an abundance of
stores for their own use, and some surplus. O

My yield of white honey was about 15
pounds per colony, and not ;so much fall
honey. dD C ( '■

We feel thankful that the prospect is very
good for next year, as the wet season did won-
ders for white clovei-. George Spitlek.

Crawford Co., Pa., Dec. 9.

Bee-Keeping in Cuba.

I you were within hearing of my bees you
would hear a mighty roar, and that means lots
of work for the bee-man. They are now work-
ing on the purple bellflower (Aguinaldo raar-
ango), with white bellflower (Aguinaldo
bianco) just coming into bloom.

I now have 300 colonies of bees. I shipped
a ton of comb honey this morning; this comb
honey venture is largely an experiment. I
hope for success from it. however.

There are many things to contend with here,
as well as in the United States. It seems to

Jan. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

13

ine there are more vexatious. For instance,
we are haviog swarms every day, bees do not
behave half so regular as in California. Just
Ihinlc ot it, bees swarming in December!

Your humble servant is against another pro-
position. Bee-keeping is an all-the-year-
round grind here, not much let-up. In Cali-
fornia we had 4 months ot labor and 8 months
of rest. •'. H. Maktin.

Cuba, Dec. 5.

A Report for 1 902.

With ISO colonies of bees in the spring, I
increased to 206 which I put into winter quar-
ters Nov. 2ti. I harvested .iOTO pounds of
honey, which is all sold at 10 cents a pound.
A. L. Beaudin.

Chateauguay Co., Quebec.

"^

EEPOH boiled;

j^2^^^

A Plucky Cuban Bee=Keeper.

Editor Hill, says of Col. tianzalo Ciarcia
Vieta, in the American Bee-Keeper ;

Without previous knowledge of the busi-
ness, the Colonel purchased the apiary estab-
lished on the south coast of Cuba by the
editor of The Bee-Keeper some sixteen years
ago. During the late war the Spanish burned
all his bees, which numbered about 2,000
colonies, and also his very complete apiarian
equipment. Since then, however, Col. Vieta
has gone up again like a rocket, and now has
about 1,S00 colonies, in five or six apiaries,
scattered through the mountains. Since his
return to Cuba, we are advised that even be-
fore the bellflower had begun to bloom, about
15 tons of honey had been extracted. The
prospect for 150 tons of honey this winter is
very favorable ; and the colonel's enterprise
is deserving of all the success which may
come to him.

Our Consumption of Sugar.

The people of the United States now con-
sume eight times as much sugar per capita as
they did in the first quarter of the last cen-
tury, four times as much as the average per
capita during the decade ending with 1850,
and twice as much as they did in any year
prior to 1S70. In the years immediately prior
to 1825 the average consumption of sugar was
about 8 pounds per capita; in the decade
1840-.50 about 16 pounds per capita; in the
years immediately prior to 1870 the average
was about 32 pounds per capita, (omitting

MONEY IN POULTRY

For the Next 30 Days Only,
»ill mail oiir fine valuable Poultry

k FKEE. Tells YOU all about poultry.

/ to make big money with poultry and

JOHN BAUSCHER, JR., Box 94. FREEPORT. ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal "when "writinc

PreYent Honey Candying

HENRy'alLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

r^ The New Regulator

ITer.

nprovfment.jf \ .-iir
double price for. lid »t\
icetourh.jok aii.l 1 r^

"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO

Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio
Please mention Bee Journal "when wiitinR.

y^«'fg»EiFi;°gsypRiCE$i2YE^ji/ARaNTEE

iN'"'«]gfe^HERC0,irsC^illSPRIN0Fi»Pc>HiO.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writing.

Headquarters FOX Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stoclt for 1903 now on liand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is wliat I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

Office and Salesrooms— 2146-4S Central Ave. /^ I IVT/^ I NT IVT A TI /^ I-l I /^

Warehoases-Freeman and Central Aves. Wll>IC/Il>l>l/\I 1, UniLI.

Please mention Bee Journal -when writing

RY IT FIRST

That's the way ive sell the

ROY&L INCUBATOR,

ROYAL INCUEATOR CO.,
Oept. 78. Des Moines. Iowa.

FOR 30 DAYS

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
"'-=35© mention Bee Journal ■when ■wntine.

A FRIEND

to poultrvmen— to chickens.

Adam's^B^^K^E^ Cutter

It runs easily because it has
ball bennnes. It cuts clean,
kly and perfecly. Makes a fine
i shaving such as chickens re-
e. Before you buy send for
catalogue No. 9
J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILL.

CatDJp Seed Free!

We have a small supply of fresh,
clean Catnip Seed on hand, and will
mail free, two ounces of it, to any
present paid-in- advance subscriber of
the American Bee Journal for sending-
us One New Subscriber for one year
with SI. 00.

Two ounces of this seed will give
you a good start of one of the best
honey-producing plants known. We
will also send to the new subscriber
on this offer the rest of this year's
Journals free. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie street, - CHICAGO,ILL.

$rv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
L^^ We will present you with the first ifc:>you
»^^take in to start you in a good payinpr Imsi-
Bness. Send 10 cents for full line ot samplea
^' ^»and directions how to begin.

^^ DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO.. Chlcaro. Ills.
Please n^entioii Bee Journal -wlven writing.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. W ^"cen^\";o''uYri

H***^* ^^^^^^*^ ^^ v«..^».. ♦ CASH— for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & C0./144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

HiVKS, $$U4»K ■:■{•<». i:xrKAt"i'ORS, FOi .■M».4 rio-%

AND ALL. - .

Please Nention the Bee Journal

■when writing
Advertisers ...

14

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with

""'°"'"= Sft lOft 2516 SOB

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 tl.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsike Clover I.UO 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 cfe 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILl .

46A26t Please mention the Uee Journal.

"Bees in Colorado"

I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and a good many people
without visible axes to grind have said
it is a valuable and attractive thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or 5 two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.

" Bees in Colorado " is tlie title of a 48-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up to Ijoom
the Denver convention. Its author is D. W.
Working, the alert secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association. It is beauti-
fully illustrated, and printed on enameled
paper. It is a credit to Mr. Working, and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side of Colorado with the bee and honey
characteristics and opportunites of that
State. — American Bee Journal.

D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Golo.

*neas?e mention Bee Journal -when ■writing,

Queen-Clipping
Device Free....

The MoNErxE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thinp for use ia
catching and clipping Queens
wings. We mail It fcr 25 cents;
or will send it FREE as a pre-
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal roa
a year at $t.O0; or for$1.10 we wUI
mail the Bee Journal one yezt
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORaB W. VORK & COMPANY,

rhica.go. TO.

lAfAKI^Cn WHITE CLOVER EX-
VVMIN I EU TRACTED UONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Att Front and Waluut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

o meet thoBc w to work for us. Cow keepere f.1 « avB
lave money. We start you Id buslnesc. You mike
arge profits. Esay work. We furoiBb capital. S«&(1
0«nt« for fall line of namplesaiid paitict.lars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., CfalcaKo. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal "wTien, "WTitlngr

FOR SALE.

7000 lbs. Extracted Basswood Honey, stored in
basswood barrels and kits. Large barrels each
holding 330 lbs.net; Ji barrels, ISO lbs.; kits,
33;4 lbs. Prices— 7>4c per pound in barrels, and
8c in kits, f.o.b. cars at Viola. Cash must ac-
company order. Sample by mail, 10c. Address,
41A13t N. L. HENTtlORN. box 83, Viola. Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when -WTitina.

the war years, in whioli the consumption was
light,); from 1S7U to ls80 it averaged aljout
40 pounds per capita; from 1880 to ISilU 50
pounds per capita: in 1891 the figure was ()6
pounds per capita, and has ranged from tS to
08 pounds per capita since that time, the figure
for 1001 being 68. 4 pounds. These are the
oflicial figures of the Bureau of Statistics of
the Treasury Department. They show an in-
creased consumption from 8 pounds in 1835
to 68 pounds in li»01.

Considering the rapid growth of that " sweet
tooth," this nation would probably be happier
—certainly healthier— if it could be gratified
largely with honey, instead of so much sugar.

Sugar for Queen-Cage Candy.

Confectioners' sugar will not do for queen-
cage candy. It should be of the right kind if
queens are to be successfully sent through the
mails, although it may not be easy to detect at
a glance the difference between the right and
wrong kind. As to distinguishing the two,
Editor Root says in Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture:

In general, confectioners' sugar is brought
to a finer state of pulverizaliOD than the ordin-
ary pulverized sugar. It you examine the
former with a glass you will see besides the
cane-sugar crystals something else, and that
something else is starch. Pulverized sugar
should show nothing but minute crystal
cubes when examined with a glass of high
magnifying power. But there is another way
whereby you can detect the starch, and that is
by the taste. If you can some time get hold
of some confectioners' sugar and a sample of
pulverized, taste one and then the other. You
will then perceive a difference. There is, still,
another difference. Confectioners' sugar has
more of a tendency to lump up. While the
pulverized will do so to some extent, the other
will cling together in chunlcs that have a sort
of flaky, brittle feeling.

Introducing Honey at Agricultural
Fairs.

When the crowd began to increase toward
the middle of the day, I produced a quantity
of nice white biscuits from my lunch-basket,
and with my honey-knife — clean and bright —
I cut some of them into slices. I then opened
a can of my finest honey and spread a little of
it on each slice, using a small silver spoon
for the purpose. Everybody was then invited
to sample the honey. Hundreds of people un-
doubtedly had their first taste of extracted

POVLTRY PAYS

the hens lay. Keep them

. For hatrhing and bioud-

e the best rensonable priced

In^'Ubatora and Brooders — built

upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS "

1. A. Bantu, LlEonler, Indiana

45A20t Please mention the' Bee Journal.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are Interested In Sheep In any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

W^ool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO ILL.

The Greider Strains^

fifty of them, nre l.rt.l in mnke pri/.e winners.
Very low prices on l.inls and eups.cnnsnlerintr
quality. Elep-ant l'.'i):i i-.itulogue sent postpaid
for 10 cents. "Write t.. iluy .
P B. H. GREIDER. RHEEMS, PA.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Front and Walnut Sts.,
CIN'CIN'l^.A.TI, OHIO.

MUTH'S
1 - pound,

SQUA R E

with patent ^lass stoppers and steel spring are
the best; only $5.50 per gross.

HONEY JARS

SEND FOR CATALOG OF BEE-SUPPLIES.
SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

5 IjyE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
0 Ml ICAN Bee JooRNAL who seek a col-

6 le^e for themselves or friends to inves-
a ti^ate

I MountUnionCoileoe

0 Our motto in all departments is "Max-

ii imum efficiency at minimum cost."

§Our scholastic training is equal to the

._ best, our reputation first-class. All ex-

■3 penses for a year, aside from the cloth-

6 ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co-

6 education, health conditions, moral and

7I religious influence, superior.

g Send for catalog.

9 3IOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

0&QSQ!

iSQ&QSSSSSSSQSSSQSSQQSS0

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Hee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best g-oods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these thing's. Write
and get our sug-g-estions, our catalog" and our
di.<:counts for winter-time orders~.\LL free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

ul(.m E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.
r4'iA2f>t Please mention the Bee Journal.

LanQSMlion..-
TiieflojyBee

Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.25, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $1.75 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

U/AUTCn The Mav, 1102, No. of PROt; R ESS
WANluUlVE BEEKEEPER; April and
May, V>02, Nos. of CANADIAN BEE JOUR-
NAL. Will pay cash for same.

Address, DEPT. ENTOMOLOGY,

5:A2t COLLEGE STATION. TEX.

t^ease mention Bee Journal "when "writina

Jan. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

15

lioney on those two days I kept up my lunoh
counter, and ■iniiuy sales were made right
there anil then. When pioplu become ac-
<iuainted with a Rood arlii-lc of extracted
honev, they will often buy it in preference to
comb, even at the same price, for it is more
convenient to use.— F. Greisek, in the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper.

Prevention of Increase.

When an early swarm issues, if I have a
weak colony I piit on it a queen-excluder and
set the brood of the colony that swarmed with
all adhering bees over this one (first cutting
away all iiUeen-ccUs), and leave it say a week
or ten days, then I shake oil the bees and run
a new swarm onto these combs, first saving
any of the combs that may not have much
pollen in, for use in extracting supers, and
supplying their place with foundation in the
center of the brood-nest. This plan has
worked very well with me.— A. Boomer, in
Canadian Bee Journal.

A New Bee-Keeper's Song—

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by QEOROE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Pricks — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents. Or, for SI. 00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 1-46 Erie St.. • CHICAGO, ILL.

$300,000,000.00 k ichrf

and veil may Lave pait df it if you work
for lis. Unt-le Sam'B poultry prn.lmt pii\s
tbiilsum. SendHK-fui .-.uti.i'l''-'""! pu'tn-
ulars. We furnish (.-ai'itjil to »t;i' t vo'i m
buaineus. Draper Cublbbiog Co.. Cbicaco, II.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY IS.^BELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover— gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, CHic..iGO, III.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 50 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only fl.40. It Is
a fine thin^ to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this "Emerson" no further binding Is neces-

'"'' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee=Books

SENT I'OSTI'AID BT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by rrof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees,
.ill pages. 29.T illustrations. Bound in cloth.
1902 edition— 19th thousand. Price, SI. 20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, ?1.2.5.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I, Root.—
A cyclopedia of 400 pages, describing every-
thing pertaining to the care of the honey-
bees. Contains 300 engravings. It was written
especially for Ijeginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, SI. 20.

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman, — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages, bound in cloth. Price, in cloth, .50
cents ; in paper, 30 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
90 pages, bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Ilee-Keeping for Beginners, by Dr.

J. P. H. Brown, of Georgia. — A practical and
condensed treatise on the honey-bee, giving
the best modes of management in order to se-
cure the most proHt. 110 pages, bound in
paper. Price, 50 cents.

Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr. G. L.

Tinker.— Revised and enlarged. It details the
author's " new system, or how to get the
largest yields of comb or extracted honey."
80 pages, illustrated. Price, 25 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
—This is a Germun translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called " Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howartl's Book on Foul-Brood.

—Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. li. Pierce.— iiesult of '25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

u work for us. We wlU start >tm io
less and fumisli tlie capitaL Work
and eoey. Send 10 cents for full
[if samples and particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, llli.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

94 MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, Dec S.— There is no special chan(rc
in the honey market, prices remain as last
(luoted and the volume of sales are not large.
The weather is such as usually prevails at this
season of the year, and the cold may induce
people to buy more freely. Itest lots of fancy
white comb honey brings \i>c per pound; No. 1
to choice, l£c; off grades, 2c to 5c less, and not
much demand for them. Extracted. 7@Mc for
while; amber, 6@Tc; Southern, 5J^@6c. Bees-
wax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Nov. 22.— Honey market is
still in strong position with ready demand for
all receipts at good prices. Fancy white comb,
16c; A No. 1, 15c; No. 2 and mixed, I4j^f«,l5c;
buckwheat, 14@145^c. Extracted, buckwheat
scarce at t%@l%c\ light grades more plentv at
6}^@7c. Beeswax, 29<^30c. H. R. Wright.

Boston, Oct. 20.— Our honey market remains
firm, with good demand and fair stocks on
hand. Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
quote our market as follows: Fancy white 1-
pound sections in cartons, 16c; No. 1, 15c; No.
2, very light supply, 14c; glass-front sections
generally one cent less than this. Extracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, TJ^c.

Blake, Scott Sl JUbb.

Kansas CiTV, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case.
24 sections, $3.50; No. 1 at $3.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3 25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Mc. Beeswax, 27@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. s.— The demand for honey,
both extracted and comb, has eased ofE some-
what the past few weeks, however the prices
rule steady, as follows: Extracted, amber, in
barrels, 't(a'7c; white clover, .s[fli9c. Comb honev,
fancy, l(>@17c; amber, ll(gii2c. Beeswax, 2'>@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Dec. 23.— The market on comb
honey is dull and inactive. While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at 15c; No. 1, 14c; No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from ir^l2c. Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7!i^c; light am-
ber, 6^@'7c; dark, 5^^6c. Beeswax firm at
from 28(a;2''c. Hildreth & Sbgblkbn.

Cincinnati, Dec. 12.— The comb honey mar-
ket is a little quiet, almost everybody is filled
up. As there is hardly any new supply coming
in, there \a no change in prices, namely : Fancy
water-white, 16c; off grades less. The market
for extracted white clover shows a slight ad-
vance. Fancy "white clover brings 8J^fS,'>c; al-
falfa water-white, 65^(g.75^c; but amber, if any-
thing, has weakened. I quote same, in barrel's,
5K@5Mc. Beeswax, 27<ai28c.

C, H. W. Wkber.

San Francisco, Nov. 12.— White comb honey,
10K@11 cents; amber, ^©lOc; dark, 5@— c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6@654c; light amber, ■^^ilS5V%c\
amber, 3J^@4c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26(a27c; strictly fancy l = ?ht, 29(31—.

White is reported scarce; light amber honey
in fair supply. The bulk of California produced
honey is sold for Eastern shipment in carload
lots from producing point at bottom price.
Small lots of choice honey that can be used in
local trade bring more. Quotations here given
are current prices to producer, f.o.b. shippiapf
point, on Eastern basis for extracted and Cali-
fornia basis for comb.

6omD and Ex-
tracted Honeu!

Please raention Bee Journal -when wiitiiia

\]|/_„4^J— Extracted HONEY

WanteUMail sample, and state
^^^,^^^^^^^__^^ style of package and price
^MMMMMo^Ban^^a^^ delivered in Chicago.

John F. Campbell, 53 River St., Chicaoo, III.

34Atf Mention the American Bee Journal.

WANTED I

Honey and Beeswax. Mall sample and state
price deliTered Cincinnati. C. H. W, WEBER.
2146-214S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
:iAtf .Meatlon the A merlcan Bee Joarna

16

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1903.

I BEE=KEEPERS, ^

g Save Money by Buying

I Hives, Sections, Brood
g Frames, Extractors,

5 Smokers, ^^d everything

J? ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ELSE YOU NEED, OF

g THE, W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
g Jamestown, N. Y.

•2 *g" Our goods are guaranteed of supe-

2 rior quality in every way.

K Send for our large illustrated catalog,

g and copy of

Q THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

0 a raonthly for all bee-keepers ; SOc a year.

0 (Now in 12th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.)

g (y W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottinghan

V N. H., carries a full line of our goods at

6 catalog prices. Order of him and save

Please meutiou Bee journal wnen writing,

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T P. RINaHAM. Farwell. Mich

Tip^Top Glass Honey- Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we l<now of.
It is made of the clear-
est Hint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
makes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,

which is an important, thing with honey-
sellers.
We can furnish these jars, f.o.b. Chicago,

at ttiese prices: One gross, $5.00; two gross.

$4.7" a gross; five or more gross $4.50 per

gros
If, >u try them once you will likely use no

other wind of top or sealing arrangement for

honey ars.

"*> JEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 di 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, II<li.

BEE^'SUPPLIES!

^A r floors /s/?/c£"S:.
Wut^ — ■ — 2,iX— -^

ng used by bee-keepers.

HONEY
Low Fr__„
CATALOG

ght Rates.

WALTER S.POUDER.

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, GiriB, oldandyounpalikb,
niake money working for us.
We fumlbh capital to start yon in bDsi-
oeM. StfDd OB 10c BtUDps or silver for full InQtructionn and a line of

vDpleBto work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO.,Chicago,lll.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole ApicuUural Field more

completelj than any other published,

seud $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

tie^y^ie.je^vi,:ii^ia»je,^e,ja»ss,ja,.^i,.y^

25tll
year

Dadant's Foundation ?ti?

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

No SAQQINU,

W/h-»7 i\€\c^a. i'f coll at\ n/f^ll V Because it has always giyeo better satis-
Wliy UUCA IL sell »U WCIl r faction than any other. Because In 34 yeara

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeners' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-BeG — Rc!\/isc:ci,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail.

BEESWAX wanted
at ail times

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill.

^i'9rv[^sr'sr'9r*s(--sir'9i-'s^^s>r'9r-9f^^

The Holidays Are Almost Here,

And you are doubtless undecided as to what to get your
friends for Christmas.

Why uot get

The "Post"
Fountain
Pen^ —

The very best in the market; regular price, $3.00, and not obtainable under this
price anywhere. The Six Cardinal points Peculiar to the " Post " :

Self-Filling, Self-Cleanlu^;. Simplicity, Durability
Reliability, No l.eakiius'.

Given flDsoloielu Free

■ill be advadced 2 years, and the Pen fnr

'or two new subscriptions to Gleanings
nd your own renewal with $3,00; or for
ne new subscription and your own re-
ewal with Si.SO; or 3 our own subscrip-
ihed for $2.50.

In each case all arrears, it any, must be paid in addition, the above offers be-
infi for subscriptions fully in advance only. We believe we can say truthfully, with- _
out fear of contradiction, that no fountain pen ever put upon the market ever re- '
ceived in so short a time so many unsolicited testimonials from such distinguished
men as the POST. The above drawing shows its construction. To till the POST, all
you have to do is to dip the nib into the ink-ljottle, draw out the plunger, and the
pen is ready for use. Compare this with unscrewing the ordinary style, and refill-
ing with a glass filler that you can not always find when wanted. The self-cleaning
feature of the Poet, as illustrated, will also commend itself. With most pens spe-
cially prepared ink must be used or they are soon of no use, because they become so
gummed up and it is well nigh impossible to clean them. With the POST you
simply dip the nib in water, draw the plunger bad; and forth like a syringe or squirt-
gun, and in less than five seconds it is clean and free tor a perfect fiow of any inlc
that may be handy. We will send, on request, a few of the many testimonials from
noted men in various callings who have written merited words of praise for this
most valuable invention. We can not otter the pen for sale tor less than $;3.00; but
by special arrangement WK are enabled to offer it free as a premium with (ileauings
in any of the following combinations : All arrears, if any, must first be paid at *1.00
a year. Then for.?3.00 we will send Gleanings tor one year, to two new names; for
one year to yourself, and send you the pen free. For JS.iiO we will send_ you the
pen and Gleanings for one year, and to one new subscriber a year; for $2.50 we will
send the pen and Gleanings for two years. If you have ever been disappointed with a
fountain pen we assure you that you will not be with this one.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^"t.i^^K^Mt:''

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Seud to
them for their free Catalog.

A National Honey Exchange.

Rearing Good Queens.

PROF. A. J. COOK.

HENRY ALLEY.

p,|WERie/l/v

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ILL. JAN. 8, 1903.

No. 2,

18

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Intered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

Editor— George W. York.
Dept. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,
Emma M. Wilson. ;Z3

Special Correspondents — G. M. Doolittle,

Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C.Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.

' IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this pape?
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"decOl" on your iabel shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1901.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money he.s
beeL i-eceived and duly credited.

Advertising Rates will be given uoon ap-
DlJcation.

Tlie National Bee-Keepers' Association.

OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

I Thomas G. Newman
1 G. M. Doolittle,
I W. F. Marks,

I J. M. HAMBAUC5H,

C. P. Dadant,
Dr. C. C. Miller.

E. Whitcomb,

W. Z. Hutchinson,

A. I. Root,

R. C. AlKlN,

P. H. Elwood.

E.R. Root.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. HnTCHiNSON, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.

EnoENE Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.

Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.

J8£ff"If more convenient. Dues may be sent to
the office of the American Bee Journal, when
they will be forwarded to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.

A Celluloitl Queen-Button is a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.

Note.— One reader writes;
" I have every reason to be-
lieve that it would be a very
good idea for ev *ry bee-keeper
to wear one (of i^ie buttonsj
as it will cause people to ask
questions about the busy bee, and many a con-
versation thus started would wind up with the
Bale of more or less honey; at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many % person in regard to honey
Sjad bees." 4

The picture shown herewith is a reprouuo-
ition of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents ; two for 10 cent* ,
or 8 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
cf the .Amerlcftir 'See Journal.

Forty Years
Among the Bees

By DR. C. C. MILLER.

The above is the title, and name of the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
some time in January, 1903, as it is now in the
hands of the printers. It is a book that every
bee-keeper in the world that can read English
will want to own and read. It will contain over
300 pages, be bound in handsome cloth, printed
on good book-paper, and illustrated with over
100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken
by Dr. Miller himself. The book will show in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.

The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted to an interesting biographical sketch of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years. While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new one, it all reads like a good new story of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.

How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's

" Forty Years Among the Bees."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-
paid ; or, if taken with the weekly American
Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for
$1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the
American Bee Journal whose subscription is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new hook free as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers to the Bee Journal for one
year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer.
Better send in the new subscriptions before
Jan. 1, so they can begin with the new year.
Or, if sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee Journal free to
the new subscribers.

GEORGE YV. YORK S CO.,

144 & 140 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

DR. C. C. MILLER.

$=ci)>!5!E^^°"^J^^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL,, JAN. 8, 1903,

Na2,

^ Editorial Comments. ^ |

A National Honey Exchange. — This is a subject to
which we have given some thought for several years.
Sometimes we feel that we have almost perfected, theoreti-
cally, a plan or plans by which it could be made a great
success. Then, after thinking some more, we don't feel
quite so certain about it. But we think we have about set-
tled, in our own mind, that if ever a successful honey ex-
change is formed, it will have to be done by those who have
had large experience in handling honey. Perhaps a few
extensive local bee-keepers can manage a local exchange,
but when it comes to organizing and conducting an ex-
change commensurate with the honey business of the whole
country, it will require the most experienced and most
level-headed business men to be found in our ranks.

One of the first things, we think, is to get men of tinan-
cial and moral standing to undertake to form and manage
the organization. It will have to be men in whom bee-
keepers have full confidence, else they will never consent to
trust them with the handling of their crops of honey.

It will take time to make a success of the work. Per-
manent and profitable enterprises do not develop in a year.
The first few years may prove discouraging. Things may
not proceed as anticipated. Quite likely the less determined
ones will want to drop out. But final success will depend
upon sticking together. Are bee-keepers ready to do that ?

It is true, as Prof. Cook says on another page, that the
marketing of the crops in other lines have been profitably
managed in the interest of the producers. But it must be
remembered that in every case the products controlled were
those to be found practically in a single State, or even in a
single section of one State. Honey is produced everywhere.
Citrus fruits in Southern California. When New York, and
Michigan, and Ohio, and Pennsylvania, have large crops of
honey, where will the larger Western crops be sent to ?

It's a big subject. It needs wisdom and experience in
order even to get started. But by discussing it, and get-
ting our best minds to work on it, it is possible that by the
time another crop of honey is ready to be marketed, plans
may be sufficiently perfected to begin the new honey ex-
change. We hope it may be so.

The columns of the American Bee Journal are open for
the best ideas YOU have on this or any other subject of in-
terest to bee-keepers.

Shpping Bees to Cuba.— The A. I. Root Co. report the
shipment of 500 colonies of bees to Cuba so successfully
that " not a colony was lost nor a single comb broken."
They were shipped in two fruit-cars to New York, thence
by steamer to Havana, and then 100 miles inland by rail.
Hot weather and poorly ventilated cars made the last 100
miles the hardest.

Southern and Northern Bee-Keeping. —In general it
is known that in the South the winter problem does not
trouble ; that the season is perhaps three months earlier
than at the North ; but Editor H. E. Hill gives in the Bee-
Keepers' Review some striking differences not so generally
known. Comparing the location of J. B. Hall, in Canada,
with southern Florida, he says in part :

Mr. Hall can store quantities of comb honey in the fall
without fear of deterioration. In the humid atmosphere of
South Florida it would most likely become worthless as a
merchantable product within a week after being taken from
the hive. Only continued artificial heat in a close room
would save it from " weeping " or "sweating." This is a
result of the well-known affinity of honey for moisture.
During a great part of the year extracted honey exposed in
an open tank, though sheltered, would become thinner in-
stead of increasing its body. In this respect the contrast
between the influence of the asmosphere in this country
and the arid West is most striking.

Mr. Hall can store his extracting combs in an open shed
from season to season. In South Florida they would be
destroyed within a very few days by the moth-larvaj. Here
the webs of this destroyer may always be seen during sum-
mer, in combs that have remained off of the hive over
night ; as they sometimes do during the extracting season.

Bees consume vastly more stores in Florida than in the
North ; hence, the increased item of "board " is consider-
able. This is a logical result of their continued activity.
For the same reason the period of a queen's useful life is
reduced about one-half.

"The Disappearing Trick" is a term coming into
common use among Australian bee-keepers, and there's
nothing funny about it, either. The older bees of a colony
disappear in a sudden and mysterious manner, the strongest
colonies appearing to be the ones most afi'ected, causing
very heavy loss of colonies. The bee-keepers are asking
that government come to their aid by making investigations
looking to cause and cure.

The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association is a

great success, notwithstanding the fact that only about 20
percent of the Colorado beekeepers have entered it. This
offishness on the part of the majority is looked upon with
some degree of discouragement, but the Rocky Mountain
Bee Journal is inclined to be optimistic, and thinks there
are two good reasons why there has not been a more gen-
eral participation in the benefits of the Association. The
first is that " new ideas, no matter how meritorious they
may be, seldom attain popularity with the masses," so time
must be allowed.

The second reason for apathy is one that may well be
considered in reference to what may be done by organiza-
tions elsewhere, and, indeed, with reference to an organiza-
tion taking in all. Editor Morehouse says :

The ware-room of the Colorado Honey -Producers' Asso-
ciation is a long way from some of the honey-producing
sections of the State. Freight to Denver, in some instances,
is nearly as much as freight to the great centers of con-
sumption and distribution. So far as we remember, the
Association members have never publicly announced a plan
whereby members could ship through the Association and

20

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

avoid the payment of local rates to Denver, except by the
organization of branch associations. This is not always
practical, and it also entails a great expense. If it is an-
nounced that arrangements can be made at any point in
the State to consign cars of honey through to tinal destina-
tion without having to stop and unload for inspection in
Denver, we believe that the Association would immediately
enjoy a phenomenal and substantial growth. Here is a
local case for illustration :

Boulder is 29 miles from Denver. It is too far to haul a
large crop of honey by wagon, and the car-rate is f3S. This
makes the ware-rooms of the Association partially out of
reach of the Boulder honey-producer. What, then, is the
remedy ? At the close of the honey season each member of
the Association at Boulder can report his number of cases
of honey to the Manager, and that he is ready to deliver at
the car. When the Manager sees a market for his honey
he can call for it to be delivered on a certain day, and if
there is no one among the Boulder members proficient
enough in the art of grading and loading, he can send some
one who has had this training to inspect and receive the
honey. The car can then be consigned directly from Boul-
der to the Eastern market, and the local charges to Denver
avoided.

The plan is feasible for any railway station in this or
any other contiguous State, and places the Association at
the service of every bee-keeper in the State, no matter
where he may be located.

The Election of the National, which was held in
December, seems to be very unsatisfactory. Not as to its
result (for at this writing no one knows who is elected), but
as to the manner in which the ballot was prepared ; also no
amendments were submitted, though such were proposed at
the Denver convention. In view of these irregularities,
Mr. France writes us as follows for publication :

Editor American Bbb Journai, —

Z)^ar ^jV.-— I feel thatthe lately issued ballot for offi-
cers of the National Bee-Keepers' Association is unfair.
For the good of the Association I ask that a new ballot be
ordered, said ballot to name all candidates for each office,
so that each member can take his choice. Also, the said
ballot to provide for voting on the proposed amendments to
the Constitution. Yours truly.

Grant Co., Wis., Dec. 31. N. E. France.

We are glad that Mr. France, who was a candidate for
the office of General Manager, has sent us the above let-
ter, which he informs us he has also sent to all members of
the Board of Directors, for if he is ever elected to any office
he will want to get it in a fair manner.

Here is an exact reproduction of the ballot submitted to
the membership so far as the wording is concerned :

BALLOT : to be used by members of
National Bee-Keepers' Association in
December, 1902.

For General Manager for 1903, to suc-
ceed Eugene Secor, who wishes to
retire,
(N. E. France, of Wisconsin, has been reg^u-
larlj and properly nominated, and is be-
lieved to be worthy of your support.)

(Write uams voted for)

For 3 Directors to succeed Thos. G.
Newman, G. M. Doolittle and W. F.
Marks.

(Write 3 names below!

Sign your name and mail AT ONCE.

We can not conceive who could possibly get up
such a ballot. If any candidates are to be named, surely

a// should be given. ISut it was unnecessary to name any
on the ballot. None have ever been so named before. It
has every appearance of being a scheme to defeat Mr. Ab-
bott for the position of General Manager, who, with Mr.
France, was also nominated for that office, in the American
Bee Journal. Three or four candidates for directors were
also nominated.

We have refrained from expressing publicly our per-
sonal opinion on the General Managership muddle hereto-
fore, but we think it is now time for us to have our little
say, which is this :

In our opinion, Mr. Abbott, when elected General
Manager by the Board of Directors last summer, should
have been allowed to serve to the end of the year 1902 ;
then, if he showed, during that time, that he was unable to
fill the office, another man could have been elected to suc-
ceed him. Had those in charge taken this view of the mat-
ter, a lot of trouble could have been avoided, as well as a
half year of wasted time. Now let the membership settle it.

Of course, a new election must now he held, a fair and
straight ballot sent out, including the amendments to the
Constitution proposed at the Denver convention by Mr. Ab-
bott. True, a lot of time and the Association's money have
been wasted, but tiow is the time to straighten things up,
and put an end to a lot of foolishness and mismanagement.
The Association has done, and can still do, much good for
bee-keeping; but unless all fussing and splitting of hairs
among its officiary are ended for good, it may as well sus-
pend operations. But we believe it has a greater future
than its past has been, and that very soon all difficulties
will be satisfactorily adjusted. As its new Secretary we
shall do all in our power to have the National Bee-Keepers'
Association do the work for which it is organized, and we
believe the bee-keepers will help when they are satisfied
that all is well with it and its management.

\ * The Weekly Budget. ^

G. M. DooLiTTi,E has had a break made in his life by
the death of an invalid sister. Notwithstanding a very
busy life, he has for the past two years found time almost
daily to give her the ministrations of a loving brother.

Editor Leahy, who was present at the Chicago con-
vention, thus speaks of it in the Progressive Bee-Keeper :

" The Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association,
which held its convention Dec. 3-4, was the best convention
we have had the pleasure of attending for a long time.
Besides the social features many interesting subjects were
discussed with profit, we think, to all."

The Apiary of Mr. E. H. Beardsi,Ey is shown on
the first page this week. Here is what he says of it :

The view is taken from the south side of the yard look-
ing north. The building on the left is my shop (12x20 feet,
and 12 feet high), where I do all my work, but the honey
(when I have any) I carry into the house. The large build-
ing is the residence occupied by myself and wife, and a
daughter and her family.

I brought my bees here April 6, 1900, about 45 colonies.
I lost three or four colonies, but my crop for the season was
5500 salable sections, and some I cut out and sold as chunk
honey ; also quite a lot of bait-sections.

The next spring I found I had foul brood in the yard,
and nearly all the colonies were affected. 1 shook them
from the combs and gave them full sheets of comb founda-
tion, and doubled them two to three, and sometimes three
to one. Some stuck, ai:d some swarmed out and went into

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

21

other colonies, and when they got settled I had saved H
colonies out of 48.

I bought more nuclei and built up, and in the fall I had
35 colonies and 2400 sections of salable honey, and lots of
partly-tilled sections.

Last spring (1902) the bees appeared to have come
through the winter nicely. I lost only one colony before
the middle of April, then they began to disappear, and by
the middle of May I had lost 8 or 10 colonies more. Well,
I bought more nuclei, ordered early, but did not get part of
them until after the first of July. Oh, you know what
weather it has been 1 Some of the nuclei built up (the ones
I got June 1), and the late ones I doubled up and stole combs
from old colonies to try to keep them over. I got very little
honey, and it's poor stuff compared with that of other years.
I have lost some with foul brood (destroyed two colonies in
September), but I am hoping to do better next year.

I think now I have a sure cure for foul brood, and if
you wish, here it is (I'm not selfish) : Smother the bees in
the night, dig a hole four feet deep, build a fire in the bot-
tom of the hole, and when it gets hot put in the hive, bees,
and all, and burn until it does not smoke. Then fill up the
hole, and you have got that one, sure.

There is now a splendid show for white clover another
year, but I am fearful for the sweet clover. So much rain
drowned out all the young plants except on the higher land
and on the sides of the streets where they are graded up.

E. H. Be.\rdsi,KY.

A Fence-Raii, Colony. — Frank Rasmussen, of Mont-
calm Co., Mich., sent us the following picture and account
of an open-air colony of bees :

This colony of bees, living and prospering the past sea-
son, as you see, without a hive or any protection whatever,
was first discovered about Aug. 15, by a farmer known as

M-O-l^

'-'^tiS.i, '» ■__ >iiLS^-r' ■\

" BCFFA

.!> HIS FENCE-BAIL COLONY.

" Bufi^alo Bill," on his lane fence about two miles from my
apiary. The fence is of the patent rail kind, and the combs
are built on the under edge of a large rail, the fence run-
ning north and south.

There are five combs, the outside ones bulging clear out
beyond the rail, and are at all times exposed to sun and
weather. The outer comb on the side not shown in the
picture, had, at the time I made the picture, a patch of
sealed brood about 5 inches square, some healthy and hatch-
ing, and some dead from exposure. The inner combs were
well filled with brood in all stages. The combs contained
but very little honej-.

The bees are hybrids, and are still doing business at
this date ( Sept. 29) at the old stand. The man shown in the
picture is the finder and owner — '■ Buffalo Bill."

Frank Rasmussen.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

THE DENVER CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedings of the 33d Annual
Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, held in Denver, Col., on Wed-
nesday, Thursday and Friday,
Sept. 3, 4 and 5, 1902.

(Contiaued from pape 7.)

Mr. Taylor — What business is there to come before the
Association before the final adjournment 7

Pres. Hutchinson — Committees to hear from.

Mr. Taylor — I would move that we take a recess and
complete the business at the banquet hall this evening.

Dr. Mason — I second the motion.

The President put the motion to take up the reports of
the committees at the banquet in the evening, which, on a
vote having been taken, was declared carried.

The convention adjourned at 3:45 p.m., to assemble at
the banquet hall in the evening.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APICULTURE AND THE NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT.

Whereas, The National Bee-Keepers' Association,
composed of nearly 1000 members located in all parts of the
Union, and represented at its 33d annual convention in
Denver, Colo., in 1902, by many States and territories, ex-
presses hereby its gratification at the recognition given
apiculture in the United States Department of Agriculture
at Washington, and the Association heartily indorses the
work thus begun. At the same time it seems evident that
a fuller, wider scope might, in the near future, be given to
investigations in apiculture under the auspices of the De-
partment, were more liberal and specific appropriations for
this purpose to be made ; and that the most advantageous
application of such appropriations to the purpose intended,
could be secured through the establishment (under the direc-
tion of the Honorable Secretary of Agriculture, in whose
judgment and liberal-mindedness we have great confidence)
of a separate division to be known as " The Division of
Apiculture." Therefore, be it

Resolved, That we do hereby petition the Honorable
Secretary of Agriculture, the Committees on Agriculture of
both Senate and the House of Representatives, and the
whole Congress of the United States, for such action on
their part as will secure the establishment of the said
Division of Apiculture in the United States Department of
Agriculture, with an adequate appropriation for the pur-
pose of conducting investigations in apiculture, both scien-
tific and practical.

Further, your committee would recommend that the
Board of Directors of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion be requested, after due deliberation and consultation
with those in charge of such work, make suggestions as
to the most advisable lines of work to be undertaken by
such Division of Apiculture, to the end that the latter and
the National, and the various State and local apiarian socie-
ties, may work in harmony for the common welfare of our
pursuit. James U. Harris, 1

R. L. Taylor. I

George W. York, J Com.
F. E. Brown, |

Orel L. Hbrshiser, J

report of committee on exhibits.

J. B. Adams, of Colorado, showed fancy glass jars of
fruit made of wax.

J. U. Harris, of Colorado, 2 cases of honey.

J. C. Carnahan, of Colorado, 12 cases of fancy comb
honey.

J. C. Belden, of Colorado, 10 cases of comb honey and
bee-way sections.

J. S. C. Sterrott, of Colorado, 4 cases fancy comb honey.

AH of the above was from Mesa county.

W. L. Coggshall, of New York, sample of buckwheat
I honey.

22

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

O. L. Hershiser, of New York, sample of clover and
buckwheat honey in jars with aluminum screw caps.

Rauchfuss Bros., of Colorado, 2 nuclei of imported Cau-
casian bees, and combined section-press and foundation
fasteners.

The Colorado Honey-Producers" Association showed
bee-hives, smokers and general supplies made by G. B.
Lewis Co., and comb foundation made by Dadant & Son ;
also samples of extracted honey in glass jars and comb
honej'.

Frank Benton, of District of Columbia, showed samples
of shipping-cages for queens.

J. Cornelius, of Colorado, sample of seeds of honey-
producing plants.

Frank Rauchfuss, of Colorado, samples of fruit put up
with honey.

W. Z. Hutchinson, i

O. Iv. Hershiser, ;■ Committee on Exhibits.

George W. York, )

report of committee on rhsoi,utions.

Your committee would recommend the adoption of the
following resolutions :

Resolved, That we are greatly indebted to the Colorado
bee-keepers, and especially Messrs. Working and Rauch-
fuss, for the excellent preparations for the convention, and
for the very cordial reception we have experienced ; and we
express our hearty thanks for the enjoyment of the trolley
ride with its bracing air to sharpen our appetites, followed
by a banquet to satisfy those sharpened appetites.

Resolved, That we thank the Denver and apicultural
press for their effective help.

Resolved, That we express our appreciation of the
courtesy of the authorities in allowing us the use of the
beautiful Hall of Representatives.

Resolved, That we return our thanks for the instructive
and entertaining lectures of Messrs. Gillette and Root, and
for the music we have enjoyed.

Resolved, That we tender our thanks to Messrs. Wm.
Bomgardner, Robt. Orr, James Smith, and the Fruit Grow-
ers' Association of Grand Junction, Colo., for their gener-
ous donation of some of the choicest fruit of Mesa county ;
and to the Arkansas Valley Bee-Keepers' Association for
the brotherly cordiality shown in their present of some of
the famous melons of Rocky Ford.

C. C. Miller, \ ^
J. A. Green, \ ^°"'-

Two of the foregoing reports were given at the short
meeting held just preceding the banquet tendered members
of the convention on the last evening.
(The End.)

Contributed Articles.

The Need of a National Honey Exchange.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

I HAVE been asked to give my opinion at length on the
matter that came up at the recent National Convention
at Denver. I am glad to do so as I have thought a great
deal about it.

As I read the signs of the times there are two tremen-
dous movements now on foot ; tremendous in themselves,
even more tremendous in their promises and influences. I
refer to Consolidation and Co-operation.

Consolidation is in the very atmosphere. Hardly a day
passes that we do not hear of the formation of another
gigantic trust. These bring with them so much of good
policy, wisdom and economy that we can never hope to say
them nay. All must admit that were all people generous,
unselfish, and possessed of the Christ-spirit, trusts would be
wholly a blessing. Trusts imply organization, and so we
find all the great commercial interests thoroughly organ-
ized. Even where they have not yet consolidated into
trusts, they are almost invariably organized beyond their
mere corporate limits. They pool their interests ; at least
they work with an understanding that though not so potent
to aid as when developed into the real trust is yet very full
) helpful influence. Thus co-operation is wider and more

general than consolidation. Unwritten cooperation is
wider in its reach than most of us even dream. In all our
towns or cities three or more meat or milk carts traversing
the same street show how consolidation would ply a helpful
oar. Cooperation is already at work for all sell at the same
price, and each, if rational, regards the interests of the
others. The fact that livery hire in a large city is precisely
the same at each stable for like ser%'ice shows how co-opera-
tion is reaching out everywhere. Uniform sleeping-car
rates, and the nickel car ride, are further evidence. We
cannot make all people generous and unselfish. We can
hope for such in the future, but we see a long stretch between
us and that.

WHAT CAN WE DO ?

We can all organize and co-operate. That is what we
must do. That is to be the grand consummation of the
present century. The Magna Charta, Bill of Rights,
Habeas Corpus, French Revolution, our own blessed gov-
ernment, none of them came easy. Each was born of great
effort, struggle and hardship. Each came with blessing to
the common people.

Co-operation among all classes implying very thorough
organization will force men to do what unselfishness would
do of its own volition. Our laboring classes will never
secure their rights and a fair share of the world's fruits, or
a right recompense for their labor, until they are all thor-
oughly organized and able to act as a unit. This time must,
will come. If we are wise and right-minded we will all
wish to help it on.

The recent serious coal-strike would be even more de-
plorable except as it will surely help to usher in this good
time of universal organization of labor. One man, or even
the craftsmen of one mine or factory, can never stand even,
with capital massed and united as it is. All must combine.
All will combine, as " ever the right comes uppermost, and
ever is justice done." This so long as we have a greedy,
selfish world is the laborers' only hope.

It will come slowly, and may take very long, but come
it will.

God speed the day.

DOES THIS BODE DANGER ?

Some will say, " Alack the day. Labor is ignorant,
impulsive, uncontrolled, savage. With the reins in her
hands there will be rough driving." I have no fear. I be-
lieve we are as safe, very likely safer, in the hands of the
humble toiler as in the grip of the capitalist. The present
strikers are recently from the poorest and most ignorant of
Europe's lowest peasants. Yet for the most part how self-
controlled has been their habit even under the most trying
of circumstances.

FARMERS LAST TO ORGANIZE.

The farmers, including bee-keepers, are dependent, but
not as dependent as are the general laborers, so they are not
as certainly oppressed nor do they feel the hand of co-opera-
tion and consolidation as do the trades-union people. Yet
with high freights and poor market they feel pressure that
can only lighten when they, like the capitalists, and the
trusts, have potent voice in the output and the value that
shall be placed on it. How tremendously the farmer is in-
terested in the development of markets, in wide and wisest
distribution, in the curtailment of unfaircompetition. Yet
at present how utterly unable he is to exercise control in
any of these lines. His products are unique in being staple ;
they are very necessities, and so they and their producers
should exercise a leading control. This grand consumma-
tion is coming. We can all help to hasten the glad day.

ORGANIZED CO-OPERATION, POSSIBLY CONSOLIDATION, THE
SOLUTION.

In the very successful working of the Southern Califor-
nia Fruit Exchange we see the very successful forerunner.
Half of our citrus groves have already combined and done a
business of $30,000,000 in less than nine years, and nine
million in one year, and yet have sustained almost no loss,
less than one-fortieth of one percent Even its enemies ad-
mit its marvelous success, and that it has served the citrus
industry very greatly even if it has not been its salvation.

Our orange-growers were far from markets, freights
were exhorbitantly high, competition with Sunny Italy with
short distance and cheap transportation was terribly severe ;
except from the wise management of interested salesmen
the industry would have been swamped. On the shoulders
of the Exchange it has risen from the ashes of a red-ink
decadence to perhaps the most prosperous rural industry of
the country. There is no reason why apiculture and other

Jan. S, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

23

branches of farming- may not reap similar benefit. Of
course, if they are less concentrated in locality, and have
not so intelligfent a conting^ent, they must wait longer for
this Rood fruit.

HINDRANCES TO SUCCESS.

There are serious inherent obstacles to rapid success in
these directions. Our farmers, including- apiarists, are
isolated. They are generally unacquainted with the meth-
ocls of trade, in these stirring times ; they are suspicious,
and fear to trust others : the3' often are very slow to give
their products into the hands of others to handle ; in short,
reluctant to do what the successful railroad and factory
must, and safely do in their operations. Our farmers must
be educated to see the necessity, safety and great wisdom,
of course. It will not be the work of an hour. Such ex-
perience, however, as that of Southern California Fruit
Exchange is a valuable object lesson and a quick teacher.
Are -not our bee-keepers sufficiently educated to organize in
like way ? And thus become the second teacher in this
great school of advanced and improved methods of business.

A second embarrassment comes from the need of first-
class management. These combinations do a tremendous
business. This requires great integrity, push, business
sense, and breadth of mind and judgment. Such qualities
are not lying around hunting for employment, and must be
patiently sought for and generously recompensed. Rail-
roads appreciate this fact and act accordingly. Farmers
are not likely, from their very life habits, to appreciate
such business character rightly, are slow to acknowledge
its rarity, and are reluctant to recompense it as do other
lines of business. This is certainly a grave obstacle but
must be pushed aside, with more time and wisdom. Our
people must recognize the value of business judgment, and
must be willing to pay for it. A simple exercise of superior
business instinct may win or save many times a high sal-
ary. How short-sighted, then, to refuse it when large in-
terests are involved !

A MENACING COUNTERPART.

A threatening companion of thiswise, competent mana-
ger is his cupidity. He may so fully appreciate his own
value that he himself will put an enormous price upon his
service. California has already suffered in this way. Mr.
Kearney, of the Raisin Combine, won a very large success
the first year of the organization. He was paid a very
large salary. No doubt it might have been better to have
retained him even at a much larger salary. It is not strange,
however, that the farmers chafed under a proposition to
increase the recompense largely. It has seemed strange to
me that men cannot be broad enough to see that there is
glory in such service far beyond the value of money. I
should suppose that Mr. Dennis Kearney, and the fine busi-
ness men that have helped to bring the Southern California
Fruit Exchange to such tremendous proportions and to such
gratifying success, would take such pride in their achieve-
ment that they would be more than content, and would be
the last to jeopardize the further success by any proposi-
tion of higher remuneration. I can but believe that men
will be raised up who will not only be able to push this work
to its highest accomplishment, but will also be more than
willing to accept salaries that will be tolerated, without irri-
tation, at least, by our most wise and progressive farmers.

With this as an introduction I will leave the subject for
a time, when I will outline what seems to me, in view of
the experience already enjoyed in Southern California, may
be adopted in the marketing of our honey product. I have
a hope — not over sanguine, I must say — that with our excel-
lent bee-papers and wide-awake, intelligent beekeepers, we
may commence a work of education that will soon bring us
a honey exchange in California if not in the whole country,
which will rival in interest and value that of the Southern
California Fruit Exchange. There is every reason to be-
lieve that Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and very likel3' several
other States, will quickly fall into line even if they do not
lead California in this new enterprise.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

Pear-Blight and Sowing for Bee-Pasture.

BY J. E. JOHNSON.

I AM enough of a fanatic to be cranky on two things.
The first is pear-blight, and second, sowing for beepas-
turage. I have made pear-blight a study for years, have
an orchard of 900 trees, and not the slightest trace of
blight, although neighbors around me have blight, some

orchards being nearly ruined by it. Some might think me
wild to run up against such a high fence as the authority
of Professors Cook and Waite, but I ask for nothing better
than a severe criticising from either, as I believe I have ray
thumb on the blight question, and can prove them both to
be on the side-track. A Stray Straw in Gleanings says
Kiefler pears were fine this year from trees which bore
worthless fruit last year. They were not good last year be-
cause the trees did not contain enough blossoms to attract
bees from other trees. Kieflfers do not fertilize themselves
sufficiently to make perfect its fruit, but will set fruit well
unaided, but some fruit will always be ill-shaped, and not
good, (hence the grading of Kieffer from 0 percent to 100
percent.) We have had ripe pears to eat from July 15 until
winter ; many trees were white with blossoms, and not one
twig of blight.

Now I am going to criticise Dr. Miller, just a little.
Catnip does not grow better in the shade, nor as well as it
does in the full sunshine. It grows in hedges because of
leaf-mold and protection from the tramping of stock, not
because of shade. I had patches this year in places where
old brush-piles had been rotted down in the form of a wash-
pan inverted, from 3 to 7 feet high, thick and thrifty, and
alive with bees every day, wet or dry, providing it was not
raining or too cold for the bees to work. Now, from what I
know of catnip (not so very much), I would say that ten
acres, in addition to the other honey resources we have,
would, in most seasons, give us a good crop, whether it was
a wet or dry season. Without catnip, the same seasons we
would sometimes get no surplus, because the flow from
clover comes in jerks, (it is now you have it and now you
don't have it). I have figured it thus : If you go over a
white clover pasture and find one bee to every 10 feet
square, on an average, all through its bloom, would not that
be about right ? Now I have seen SO or more bees, as near
as I could count, on 10 feet square of catnip, in these same
old brush-piles, right in the sun. Now, according to this,
10 acres of catnip would equal 500 acres of white clover, be-
sides catnip yields wet or dry, nearly all summer. Is it
possible bees would work so eagerly on it if it did not yield
well, and of good quality ?

I have one acre sowed in catnip, slightly mulched to
protect the young plants from the heat of the sun until well
rooted, when it will be able to look after itself, so I shall be
more able to know about this matter.

I began to sow seeds of different honey-plants nearly 20
years ago, but only in waste-places, and during this time I
have lived in different parts of Illinois, as well as in Kansas,
but I now have a nice little home of my own (80 acres of
land). I will send you a picture of it this summer, if I live,
as well as some of our fine Spoon River scenery, and I shall
try to sift this matter of bee-pasturage to the bottom. Our
great bee-men have done much in solving questions in bee-
keeping, but did any bee-keeper east of the Mississippi
River ever try any honey-plant in suflScient quantity to
know any thing about it ? Or at least to j udge of it, that is,
for honey alone ?

Now, with me, white clover always yields in dry
weather, if we have the clover, but this is the way it works :
When real dry we have not the clover ; when real wet it does
not "give down." I do not know which is the best, but
sweet clover is a stand-by, unless extremely wet. Alfalfa
is so closely related to it that I am positive it will act much
the same, from what I can learn of it in the West. I was
visiting in Kansas last fall; their soil is sandy, and the
roots will soon creep down 8 or 10 feet in the ground ; but
here it may take several years to become adapted, but when
it does you maj' be sure it will not disappoint us ; it is not,
however, a low-ground plant.

Bee-pasturage east of the Mississippi River is the great-
est unsolved question in bee-keeping, and notwithstanding
all arguments to the contrary, I shall work at this one thing.
It would mean much for many bee-keepers who have had
failure after failure. Knox Co., 111., Dec. 16.

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of .
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

24

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

Can Good Queens Be Reared by a Cupful
of Bees?

BY HENRY ALLEY.

DURING the hot political times that followed the Civil
War, a Union freneral by name of Kilpatrick stumped
the State of Masschusetts for the Republican party.
General Kilpatrick was a fine speaker, and drew crowded
houses wherever he spoke, and in every speech he made, he
so framed his remarks that when a certain part was reached
some one in the audience would ask a certain question,
" Ah," General Kilpatrick would say, "I wanted you to ask
me," and then the interrogator got a quick reply. Now I
have no intention of making a political speech, as I am not
a politician, and never was, yet I had an idea that all my
statements would not pass unquestioned, as they are so at
variance with the experience of many other bee-keepers.

Even the Editor could not permit some things to pass
without a question. That's right, express your opinion ;
I'll find no fault. I am more than glad that some one has
given me an opportunity, and an excuse, to say more on the
subject of queen-rearing. On page 707, I am quoted thus :

"As fine queens as any one should desire can be reared
with a cupful of bees, and as poor queens as ever lived may
be produced by a bushel of bees;" and then the Editor
says: " Unless he means that the cells are to be reared in
a strong colony."

No, I don't mean to say the cells are first reared in a
strong colony. I have seen good queens reared by a few
bees, and the meanest queens ever reared by the strongest
colonies. But the queens in both cases were reared under
quite different circumstances. When the few queens reared
their queen, the honey-flow was at its height ; when the
bushel of bees reared the poor queens they completed their
cells over an excluder — had a young queen in the brood-
chamber — and the flow of honey had ceased, but the bees
were liberally fed all the time cell-building was going on.

The cupful of bees were queenless, and wanted a queen ;
the bushel of bees had a good queen, and were in no need of
another one. Does the reader see the point ? Isn't this
argument in keeping with what I have said in this Journal
about rearing queens above an excluder while the bees had
a queen, and a colony in a normal condition ?

No, I did not mean any one to understand that the
cupful of bees merely kept a few queen- cells warm that
other bees had completed. The few bees did the whole
business, from the egg to the fertile queen.

Excuse me if I partially repeat what I once said in this
argument on queen-rearing. All the readers know that I
use for nuclei a small-frame hive or box. The frames are
about 5x5 inches square. Well, these little colonies can be
brought up to a high state of prosperity, as they gather
honey and pollen just the same as the large colonies of bees,
and the queens fill the combs solid with brood. Now, when
a cover is taken from one of these little hives, and the
beautiful golden-bees are exposed to view, I tell you that
they present a beautiful sight. Ask Arthur C. Miller if this
is not so. He has seen them many times in my apiary. All
my queens are fertilized in these miniature colonies.

Now, perhaps I have made this system of nuclei more
of a success than some other people could. At any rate, the
system is a success with me, and has been for nearly 30
years.

I allow the queens to remain in the nuclei from one to
three weeks after they become fertile. By that time the
combs 7.re solid with brood, and in cases where a queen re-
main in a nucleus 3 weeks, young bees are hatching from
her eggs, and thus a queen is tested for her purity, or im-
purity, as the case may be, and the little colony is in prettj'
good condition to rear a few queens.

Now, don't you think that if the queen is removed from
one of these little colonies when in the above condition, the
bees win rear as good a queen as can be reared by any pro-
cess we know of ? Well, I never reared queens in the above
way, but when queens are so reared they are good ones.

Now, when I remove a queen from a nucleus in such a
condition as above described, and a virgin queen is given
the bees and destroyed, and the fact not known until about
the time the fertile queen should be found laying, but in-
stead of finding a laying queen there are more or less
queen-cells, would you preserve or destroy such cells ?
Wouldn't you cut them out and make an eftort to save the
young queens? I certainly do in all cases. I now have in
my apiary 20 as fine queens as can be found in America,
and all of them were reared by the process just given — they
are a sort of come-by-chance queens.

The first week in September, 1902, I had no virgin
queens to give nuclei. One fine fertile queen was removed
from one of these little boxes, and the bees given a chance
to rear a queen. One cell was built, and from this cell I
got a beautiful queen. In due time this queen was fertil-
ized, and as she was so large, beautiful and well-developed,
I have taken special pains to keep her through the winter.

Let me tell a little story here that in a way illustrates
the difference there is between one best queen that ever was,
and a still better one : Until within a very few years all the
farmers here in New England used oxen on the farm, and
every farmer was very proud of his animals. One old
farmer was exhibiting his oxen one day to a neighbor, and
of course had to speak of their good qualities. " Well,"
said the farmer, " that off ox is the best ox I ever see, and
the nigh ox is a blamed sight better one than he."

That is just the way we feel about our favorite queens.
The fact is, I cannot say sometimes which of the good
queens are the best in the apiary. However, I will tell the
readers of this Journal what I got from one of the little 4-
frame nucleus colonies. A very large, fine queen was re-
moved from a 4-frame bos, and a virgin queen introduced
at the proper time. Two weeks later I went to the above
hive expecting, of course, to find a laying queen, and one
all ready to mail, but instead of a queen I found 4 large
queen-cells. They seemed to be so promising that they
were removed and the young queens allowed to hatch out,
and one of the queens seemed to be very much better
developed in every way than the other three, and her great
beauty and prolificness caused me to keep her until I could
test her~a thing I did pretty thoroughly, too, before the
season was over. One thing I did was to rear 400 queens
from her eggs, and all her progeny proved as good as her-
self. This particular queen will spend her days in my .
apiary, and I would not think of selling her for SIOO.

How this statement will make Editor Hill, of the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper, jump ! Mr. Hill does not think any queen
is worth $100. I do; and I know the full value of a good
breeding queen, and I think there are many queen-dealers
who appreciate the value of a good queen.

One point more and I am done : One of the readers says
I put the percent of inferior queens sold too high, when I set
it at 90 percent. My remarks were based upon my own ex-
perience. Once in a while I purchase a queen of some one
who advertises his stock on the sky-rocket plan. I will say
that I have never been fortunate enough to get a good
queen from any source. It is only justice for me to say
that I never purchased a queen of Mr. Doolittle, A. I. Root
Co., nor W. Z. Hutchinson. And, further, no strain of
their bees was ever in my apiary. The only strain I now
have is the Adel, except a queen a man down in Alabama
sent me in August. He says the queen was reared from
imported stock. I am inclined to think she was so reared,
as nearly all her worker progeny are black.

By the way, why do people send to Italy for queens 7
Do those people expect to get better queens than American
breeders can rear ? Why, one man in California wrote me
in August that he bought 8 queens from a dealer in Italy,
and not one of them filled out two frames with brood. Dr.
Gallup should hunt this man up and " go for " him. Such
a queen-dealer needs a good deal of "doctoring." I am
glad that Mr. Doolittle and myself can do much better than
the Italian queen-dealer. We get that much credit from
Dr. Gallup. Essex Co., Mass.

3( .J:C^.^«>^.^<.^.JtL^.^:C^.^itJ!CJ!C^'^iC^.J!t/^-^M;

I Our Bee-Keeping Sisters ^

Conducted bu EMlttft M. WILSON, Marenao, III.
Shaken Swarms in the South.

Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, in speaking of shaken swarms,
says in the American Bee-Keeper :

" I have used the method for ten years, and in some
cases nothing answers better. But when you hear some
one say, to brush all the bees ofi^ the combs and set them
aside until enough young bees hatch out to take care of the
brood, then you should use a little of your own common-
sense, and do nothing so foolish. At least that is what it
would be if done here.

" Every natural colony of bees I have ever examined

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

25

always has brood in all stages of development. Now, if
you take all the bees away the brood must sutler before
enough young bees will be hatched out to go on with house-
keeping. And is it well to keep food from the unsealed
brood for so long ?

"Then, even incur warm climate I do not believe it
would be warm enough for the brood. And last, but not
least with us, just as soon as the combs were freed of the
bees, the ants would start in and clean out all the brood
and honey."

Dropping the Bee-Paper in Winter.

Editor American Bee Jduknal —

I received the notice last evening that my subscription
to the American Bee Journal expires the last of this mouth.
When my time is out will you kindly stop it until next
spring ? The winter is the only time I have to study, and I
am very remiss in my bee-knowledge, and I want to study
my " A B C of Bee-Culture" and also Prof. Cook's " Man-
ual of the Apiary." I have had them both for over two
years, and know but very little that is in either one.

The Bee Journal is all right, and I would not be with-
out it when I am in my apiary, for every week there is
something in it that I want to know about. But this win-
ter I want to study my text-books.

I have i4 colonies ; they went into winter quarters in
good shape, very strong. I will divide them in the spring.
We had a very good honey season this year.

I like the Bee Journal very much, and I will read my
last year's book all over this winter. Mrs. Subscriber.

I read "Subscriber's" letter over with a feeling of
genuine regret. I fear you are making a big mistake.
Your test-books you have with you, and you can study them
whenever you have a little spare time, but if you stop your
bee-paper that is so much that is lost entirely, and a single
number may contain just the information that you espe-
cially need, and that single number may be worth at least
ten dollars to you. I should certainly want my bee-paper
every week, and put in whatever spare time I could find on
my text-books. As I said, they will keep, and you are sure
you are not going to miss what is in them, although it may
take you a little longer to get through with them ; but if
you stop your bee-paper, that is so much gone for good.
That is the way I should feel about it.

Surely, the long winter evenings, more than any other
time of the whole year, ought to afford leisure to become
familiar with the fundamental principles taught in the
text-books, and at the same time to keep pace with the
advance chronicled weekly in the " Old Reliable."

Ants and Clipped Queens.

Here is a bright and breezy bit of an article written by
Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, of Florida, in the American Bee-
Keeper. She says :

" A funny thing happened to me last spring. I read,
one evening, G. M. Doolittle's article on clipping queens, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and as each point in favor of
clipping came up, I, like the three good school trustees,
nodded my head and thought, 'Them's my sentiments, too,'
and rather patted myself on the back and thought, ' Sally,
aren't you glad yours are all clipped ?'

" Well, next morning my daughter reported a swarm.
I went out and looked to see where it had come from, and
soon I found the hive with the queen in front dead, with
about 100 meat-eating ants stinging her and trying to move
her to their nest. I looked and thought of the evening be-
fore, and could only sit down on a hive and laugh. As you
perhaps know, Mr. Editor, such subjects for merriment are
the only ones we Florida bee-keepers have had for some
years.

" I still believe in clipping all queens, but scald your
antnests before swarming-time."

Of course, conditions are somewhat different with us in
the North. We are not troubled with ants as they are in
the South.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of SI. 00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

\ % The Afterthought. ^

a

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasset.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

NEW BELGIAN DOCTRINE OF FOUI, BROOD.

I am not going to rage and pitch on the subject, nor to
be " Hasty " in any extreme way, but as to the new Belgian
doctrine about foul brood I just quietly don't believe it. We
happen to have evidence that the very highest of scientific
authorities sometimes disagree point-blank on bacterial
matters. We shall hear in due time, from some institute
just as high up, that bacillus mesentericus vulgaris, alone
and of itself, is not capable of starting a case of foul brood.
It occurs to me as possible that the real bacillus alvei may
have escaped observation hitherto. Observers looking at
b. m. V. while another and smaller microbe was doing the
mischief. In a number of diseases pretty well known to be
germ diseases it is freely confessed that the real germ can-
not be shown as yet. If we may suppose the same foul
brood it will help us out of our present trouble, and assist
in some old ones, also. We have been told pretty authorita-
tively in the past that there was little or no danger of in-
fection by means of honey — while practical experience is
peremptory and positive that honey is the main means of
infection — communicates the real microbe of the disease,
but not the Belgain chap with long name, mayhap. Same
(in the opposite direction) of the question whether beeswax
communicates infection or not — the laboratory says yes,
and experience says no.

The great majority of high authorities say human be-
ings can take the tubercle bacillus (consumption) from the
cow ; but Prof. Koch, of Berlin, the highest single author-
ity of the lot, denies this, and sticks to it like a Trojan.
Don't be in a hurry to throw overboard all your previous
scientific lessons at one little heave of an adverse sea.
Page 787.

OLD BROOD-COMBS.

As to the dispute alluded to on page 755 there may be a
solution yielding somewhat to both parties. There are old
black combs atid old black combs. If they have never been
allowed to get filthy and moldy, and then dry as bones,
mere blackness and a little extra weight doesn't harm Ihem
any for use irr the brood-chamber. Manifestly they should
be warmer and tougher. The cocoons and adhering nitrog-
enous matter do not accumulate forever, but are torn out
from time to time. This serves as salad to go with the too
exclusive honey-diet of winter. But a heavy old comb once
permeated through and through with the fibers of mold, it
may well be that such a one is never again quite as highly
esteemed as a new comb would be. The mold fibers do not
die, probably, but are always in there waiting for a chance
to do more harm. Quite likely in some apiaries pretty much
all the black combs have been at some time too badly dam-
aged to recover fully.

PUTTING DP HONEY FOR RETAILING.

Five cents for honey and fifteen cents for other things,
eh ? What if thy brother, misled by the figures, should eat
the other things and leave the honey ? Or suppose that you
yourself lived a double life in the style of A. I. Root ; would
you put up honey that way in your country home to be used
by yourself in your city home ? And where does the Golden
Rule come in ? All right to supply the small demand of
those who really want that sort of thing. Then let's turn
in and do what we can, in the best way we can, for the
great mass of the people. Page 758.

GRANUL.^TED HONEY FOR THE MARKET.

As for Mr. York (Perhaps you're heard of him), when
he says he don't believe in feeding all creation with honey,
one begins to feel that his denial of being an Irishman can
hardly be accepted, he gives away his cause at such a rate.
Further on, where he intimates that it is not pleasant to
spend the hours explaining to everybody that our honey
isn't sugar, nor lard, nor yet goose-grease, why, then he
gets in a good weighty shot. But honey granulates in glass
as well as elsewhere. And the rogue who adulterates will •
have his stufl" looking well for the longer period — and so
please the grocer. Some hard old facts we have to face in
this hard old world. The man who'll invent a satisfactory

26

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

way to control swarming-, and the woman who will invent a
satisfactory way to control granulation, they shall be king
and queen among we'uns. Page 759.

GETTING FINK GRANULATION OF HONEV.

If I understand Mr. Coggshall rightly on page 760, it is
a deft and valuable kink he is giving us. Honey well stir-
red just at the time it is beginning to granulate will have a
finer grain and seem nicer to the palate of the eater. I
think that's so. Presumably the stirring makes granulation
proceed so rapidly that the granules do not have time to get
big and coarse.

Questions and Answers, i

CONDUCTED BY

US.. O. O. SHVLLER, Afarenero, ni.

CThe QuestloDS may be mailed to the Bee Journal oflBce, or to Dr. Miller

Swarms Deserting Hives.

A neighbor of mine says that when he kept bees, and
was ready to hive a swarm, he would first wash the hive
thoroughly with salt water, and then hive the bees ; and said
he never had a swarm leave when he hived it in that way.
What do you think of it ? New York.

Answer. — Washing out the hive with salt and water is
an excellent thing, if the hive is dirty. It might do just as
well without the salt. If the hive is clean, it may do as well
without any washing. The principal precaution against
having a swarm desert a hive is to see that the hive is well
shaded and ventilated. You can wash a hive in an ocean of
salt water, and if you set it in the hot sun with a small
entrance a swarm will desert it.

Dr. Gallup's "Umbilical Cord," and Baron M.Lieawful.

Please tell us what you think of Dr. Gallup's umbilical
cord, and of Baron M. Lieawful ? Inquirer.

Answer. — Having never seen Dr. Gallup's umbilical
cord, I am hardly competent to give an opinion of it.
Neither can I say with any degree of certainty whether the
experiments of Baron M. Lieawful, as reported on page
829, would have precisely the same results in some other
locality. Indeed, I have some little doubt as to the entire
accuracy of some of the Baron's observations. A man who
could be so careless in the use of scientific terms as to write
■'pupaskinna castoffica '' instead of "pupaskinna; castofficaj"
is not entirely free from suspicion as to errors in other re-
spects. He is also unpardonably careless in speaking of a
queen as being " full of years " after having had 299 lives
injected into her. She was full of lii'es — indeed, very full —
but in scientific parlance it will hardly do to consider lives
3.ad years as synonymous. I dislike very much to say any-
thing calculated to injure the Baron in any way, but I feel
called to utter a word of warning against accepting all that
he says with too implicit confidence vrithout having the
same things repeated by him or some other person in a dif-
ferent locality.

Bees Gnawing Through Paraffine-Coated Material.

1. I have read somewhere that bees will not gnaw
through any material coated with paraffine. I fancy it
would be an easy matter to coat the under surface of cush-
ions to be used for covering hives by giving the material a
free sprinkling with paraffine shavings and then going over
it with a hot smoothing iron.

2. By the way, if a bee can make a hole through duck
and through building-paper, as it seems to me a bee can do,
how is it that it cannot break through the skin of a grape ?

Ontario.
Answers.— 1. That bees will not gnaw through any
material coated with ^paraffiue, is a thing that in the lan-

guage of the newspapers "needs confirmation." Atone
time I tried covering sheets with melted propolis to prevent
the bees gnawing them. Whether the bees would gnaw it I
never learned, for I did not make a success of distributing
the propolis. If I were still using sheets or cushions I
should at least try the paraffine.

2. Conditions are difl'ereut. If a sheet of tin were lying
before you, you could easily take hold of it with one hand,
and lift it. Suppose that sheet made into a hollow sphere
twelve inches in diameter ; you will find yourself powerless
to lift it with one hand, because there is nothing you can
grasp. The bee is just as powerless to take hold of a grape as
you are to take hold of the polished sphere. It can, however,
easily get hold of the threads of duck or the particles of the
paper. But varnish the surfaces and the case is different.
I formerly used enameled sheets in quantity. I doubt that
a bee ever gnawed one unless the surface were first broken,
or unless it could get at the edge of the cloth. The only
question I should have about the paraffine would be whether
it would not be so soft as to yield, as the skin of a grape
will not.

*-•-»

Candy for Winter Feeding of Bees— Space Over Brood-
Frames— Width of Top-Bars.

1. Which is better for winter feeding of bees wintering
out-doors, hard candy, or " Good" candy ? and how should
the " Good " candy be fed ?

2. What do 3'ou consider the "exactly right "space over
the brood-frames ?

3. What width of top-bars do you prefer' 1 '^ or 1 1-16 ?
or is there any practical difference ? I expect to make a
number of hives this winter, and want to get them right.

Michigan.
Answers. — l. Feed " Good " candy in cakes laid over
the top-bars.

2. One-fourth inch is probably about right.

3. I am using I's-inches with good results.

Wintering Bees Outdoors— Dividing for Increase.

1. I have IS colonies of bees, and have made a place for
them on the south side of the building, and covered it with
straw. Will it do to leave the south side open, or shall I
close it ? Which will be best ?

2. How about dividing bees in the spring instead of
letting them swarm ? I read in Prof. Cook's "Bee-Keepers'
Guide," to cut out a queen-cell and put it in the nucleus.
Why can't I take a whole frame with a queen-cell and put it
in the nucleus ? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Perhaps both. Close it partly, but leave
plenty of chance for the bees to fly whenever a warm day
comes. Better have it open entirely than to close it too
much.

2. It may be all right to take a comb with a cell on it,
providing the cell is in the right place. But quite commonly
queen-cells are on the edges of the combs, and that would
not do so well, for there is danger that the cell may be
chilled. It should be centrally located, where it will be sure
to be kept warm by the bees.

Making and Using an Observation Hive— Mice in the
Bee-Cellar.

1. How can I make an observation hive, that is, the
exact size, the inside and outside measure ?

2. When I have the observation hive ready, I will take
a frame with wired comb foundation, put that in the hive,
then I will hive a little swarm in it. Do you think this
swarm will stay there and begin to work ? You may say,
"Take a comb with bees from another hive and put in the
observation hive." But I do not want to do that.

3. Do you think an observation hive with one frame,
full of bees, will winter all right ? or do they need feeding ?
If so, when shall I do that ?

4. I have about 20 colonies of bees in the cellar, with
hive-entrances about "s of an inch wide, and the full length
of hive ; there are some mice in the cellar. Do you think
they will hurt the bees ? Would they destroy some colonies ?
or what do you think about ? Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. There is no one size. You can make it
any size you like, but the size should correspond with the
size of the frames used. If a single frame is used, the inside

Jan. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

27

dimension should be enoug-h longer and deeper to allow a
bee-space of one-fourth inch or a little more all around the
frame, and perhaps 2 '4 inches in width. The outside dimen-
sion will follow itself. If your frame is the Langstroth,
make your observation-hive of the same dimensions as your
regular hive, only make the width about 2'+ inches.

2. Yes, if the temperature and ventilation are all right,
I think they may succeed.

3. I think success would be doubtful ; but therejis no
law against your trying it.

4. It is not likely that any colonies will be utterly de-
stroyed, but the mice will do a good deal of mischief by
gnawing the combs. The entrance of each hive can be
closed with wire-cloth having three meshes to the inch.
That will keep out the mice without obstructing the passage
of the bees. It is not so well to lock the barn after the
horse is stolen, and yet it may do some good to close the
entrances now. If a mouse is imprisoned in a hive, it may
do less damage than to have free run of all the hives.

Doi\'t Pay Double.

We'll sell you a better hatcher

— - — -j-sr-^ for the money than any other

2 il incubator concern on cartli. Newim-

30 i' y proved reguUlor, that can't get out

MH¥. llATdl INdRATOK CO.,

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Prevent Honey Candviuff

Sent free to all, ^

HENRY ALLEY, Wenhara, Mass.

J 51Atf Please meotioti the Bee Journal.

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etc. We can save you monev. Send listof ^oods
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*^«as« mention Bee Journal when wntina

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For Next 30 Days Only,

will mail our fine valuable Poultry
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FKEE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.

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Ml) Keystone

...Honey-Jars

These are clear flint glass jars hold-
ing just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone. They are 7's inches hig!i,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax or paraffin. We can fur-
nish them in single gross lots, with
corks, f.o.b, Chicago, at S3. ,50 ; two
gross, S3. 25 per gross ; or five or more
gross, at S3. 00 a gross. These are the
cheape.st glass one-pound jars we know
anything about. We have only a few
gross of them left. So speak quick
if you want them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, IL,L.

FROM MANY FIELDS |

House-Apiary fop 80 Colonies.

Please suffgest any plan for Ijiuldiug: a
house-apiary to accommodate 30 colonies for
comb honey. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of such a plan over wintering
on the summer stands ? .John P. Tull,

Philadelphia Co., Pa.

[Will some one who has had experience
please answer Mr. Tull * We should be
pleased to publish not only a full description,
but also pictures showing inside and outside
of the house. — Editor.]

Not a Good Honey Season.

The past season was not a very good one
for honey, too cold and wet, I had to feed
the late swarms ; the earlier ones gathered
some surplus.

The prospects for a honey crop next year
are good; there is an al^undance of white
clover and thistle. G. C. Allinger.

Marion Co., Ohio, Dec. 9.

Season Almost a Failure.

The past season was a bad one for the bees
in this locality, all on account of too much
rain. They did not store any honey in the
summer, but in the fall stored enough for
winter, and I took oil atjout 200 pounds of
white honey in one-pound sections.

This is a good location for bees, as there
are hundreds of acres of prairie-land, and ver-
vain grows abundantly, and there is some
white clover, but this year it was flooded
nearly all summer. The prospects are good
for next vear. C. J. Sittler.

Henry Co., 111., Dec. 9.

A Young Queen-Breeder, Etc.

We have the youngest queen-rearing Ijoy in
the United States. He will be 13 years old
next Februarj". He understands his business
all right. His name is Thomas .Judd Holgate,
and his bees are in good shape for winter. He
will become a memljer of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association Jan. 1, 1903. If there
is another boy or girl of the same age that
does as well I would like to know their where-
abouts.

I notice that my name is mentioned for one
of the Directors of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association. If I am elected I will do all I
can for the interest of the Association and the
bee-keepers. I think L'tah is entited to one
director. .January 1 we will have 12 members
in a little less than six square miles, I have
been working for the Association for the last
two j-ears, and I expect to make it win before
I quit.

Bees are in good shape for wintering. I
have mine put away nicely.

G. W.-Vanguxdt.

Uinta Co., Utah, Nov. 22.

Tincture of Arnica for Bee-Stings.

As 1902 is about to expire, I take pleasure
In renewing my subscription for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. I consider I have had very
good value for my money in the American
Bee Journal — one thing alone — the use of

The Fred W. Nnth Co.

Front and Walnut Sts.,
CIN"CIlSrN"A.TI, OHIO.

MUTH'S
1 - pound,

SQXJf

HONEY JARS

with patent g-lass stoppers and steel spring* are
the best; only,$5.50 per gross.

send:fqr catalog qf bee-supplies,
special inducements.

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. K-^ep them
laying. For hairJiini; and ItriKxl-
itiff use the besc reasonable pinrcd
Incubators and Brooders — hnilt
upon honor, sold upon cuaran''^'-.

THE ORMAS "

I.. A. Bants, LIsanier, Indluuu

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"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLB HOKTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver,) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago. III.

t MouniUnionGollGoe I

W Open to both sexes from the begin- »

\ ning. Founded in 1S46. Highest grade V

TL scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 w

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jrf leges of equal grade. Any young person \

\ with tact and energy can have an educa- f*

A tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

*rf for catalog. . i^

3 MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

71 Alliance, Ohio. w

.'•ease mention Bee Jo'i^oal when -wTitrng,

iwrnauiai CCilOCf stromgest

ilcken-
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'atalotr Free,

itnuYMmi im

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''"**'™"""'™ Box ,^* ITIccln-iler, Indliua, I'. 8. i.

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IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders— ALL free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., iNDia.NAPOLis, Isn.

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28

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

DlsGOonis lor Eariu orders.

On all cash orders received before Jan. 1, 1903, we will allow you a discount
of 4 percent ; before April 1st, 2 percent. Send us a list of the goods you want
and we will quote prices by return mail.

a. B. LEWIS CO.,

Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, WATERTOWN, WIS., U. S. A.

please mention Bee Journal wlien writing

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Manufactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Snplies in tlie NorMest

»-ot ', • f-V'^' ' Minneapolis, Minn.

Lowest Prices, anil Best SMmiinp: Facilities.

Tion Beo jinirnal -wheu wrifii.'"

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alog? oil illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST (joods
at the LOWEST prices. Alternatitigr hives aud Fert'usotj supers. Sent FREE; write for it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa n; price-list free.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO , box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.

Agencies: Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.; Shugart & Onran Council Bluff Iowa; Chas.
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tincture of arnica, which some one advised
for taKiufj pain out of stings — has been of
great benetit. I atn one of those people that
a Bting gives considerable trotible, quite a lot
of pain and considerable swelling. Tincture
of .irnica gives great relief to me. but I will
say that an application of tincture of arnica
to the sting, followed by another Immediate
application of tincture of myrrh, both applied
as soon as possible after being stung, have
given me so much relief that in three minutes
after being stung I wotild never know from
the feeling that I had been stung. Both
liquids are very cheap.

About IS years ago I was stung on the
back of the neck on a vein. I reeled and fell
to the ground in a very few minutes; they
had to make quick work of getting a doctor,
as I was commencing to get cold in the legs.
The doctor advised a liberal application of
whiekey on the inside, and I took two good,
stiff glasses of straight whiskey, and an out-
ward application of ammonia. I never felt
the effects of the whiskey in the way of mak-
ing me feel drunk in the least. I have had to
use this treatment twice, both times by the
advice of different doctors, but I am not an
advocate of the use of intoxicating drinks in
anj' shape or form, as I consider them a curse
to humanity. W. D. Harris.

Ontario, Canada, Dec. 23.

Wild Cucumber— Bee-Eseapes.

On page 755 I notice an article about wild
cucumljer as a honey-i^lant. There are two
kinds growing here, but one kind the bees do
not work on; it has two seeds in a pod, and
only blooms two weeks. The other kind the
bees work on freely, and it blooms all sum-
mer. The seeds grow in a cluster of six or
seven, unprotected, only covered with line
stickers. Any person wishing to get ac-
quainted with them can come here and take
a walk through the corn-fields and the river-
bottom. They introduce themselves. The
honey from them is white and of good flavor.

I received a Porter bee-escape about six
weeks ago. gave it a good trial, and have
found it is impossible to gel along without it,
after one knows what it is, and how easy it
makes the work. I did not use the smoker
when I took off the honey, and I did not find
one bee in the super. P. H. Harbeck.

La Salle Co., 111., Nov. 31.

Report for 1 902, Etc.

My rejiort for lilOi is not very good. From
36 colonies of bees, all in good condition. I
got only 1000 pounds of extracted honey. The
summer was too cold and rainy. In 1901 I
got over 3000 pounds from 29 colonies.

I am not in favor of the Constitutional
Amendment proposed at the Denver conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
It seems to me that the question of locality of
an officer ought not to be raised. I regard all
the bee-keepers of North America as one fam-
ily, and it can not make any particular dif-
ference in what particular town or State such
officer resides. What we are after is men well
qualilied to till the offices. I understand that
this organization is for the benefit of bee-
keepers, and not for office-seekers. I would
not like to see such wrangling for office as we
have in politics. Fred Bechlt.

Poweshelk Co., Iowa, Dec. ?.

Wintering Bees Improve Winter-
Time.

Since Deo. 1 the bees have been confined to
the hives. To-day six inches of snow is on
the ground, and it is beginning to thaw. We
have had zero weather during the last ten
days and several nights. To-day the bees
coiiki be seen nosing around the entrance in-
side, pushing out their dead comrades. This
denotes that the hive is warm inside, giving
the bees a chance to move their position in
the hives in reaching their stores, if necessary.

This year I had my bees fixed up during
the month of September. All surplus ar-
rangements were removed from the hives and

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

29

put ttwav Ions before October. Years ajro i
practiced the plan of lettiti'r the frost drive
the bees down, by removing the caps or covers
ilurinjj very cool nights. In the morning all
I had to do was to go around early and carry
the surplus arrangements away to the honey-
house. The plan is a very good one, it one
is a little careless or negligent, but I find that
an up-to-date bee-keeper will " get a move
pn " him long before Jack Frost comes
around.

Years of experience have taught me that the
■winter is the proper time to make preparation
for the following season, by tixing up hives
and such things as are needed about the api-
ary during the summer. To prepare such
work six or eight months ahead seems a little
foolish to a beginner, but an experienced api-
arist will recognize the importance of such
preparations by having all his supplies ready
at a, month's notice, for there will be so much
work to attend to during the busy season that
no time will be had for such work.

I do not like the sawed-otf or short-end top-
bar frame. It is all right it the hives are all
made just alike, and of the same length.
Unless they are njade thus it may be the
frames will get to " bucking," and one end ot
the frame will be up or down half of the time.
I commenced to use them, but after a fair trial
I ■■ tired " them almost as soon as I took them
up. Again, bees have a fashion of filling
propolis in at the ends. The short-end frames
are a good deal like the old metal-covered
frame, sooner or later they will be all daubed
up ; at least that has been my experience.

In advising beginners, I would say that all
copies of bee-papers should be taken care ot,
and then when the busy season is over, or
during the winter months, they can be over-
hauled and looked over carefully. A vast
amount of information will be obtained. A-
blank book should be kept, and whenever the
reader comes across a good article that he
thinks he would like to refer to afterwards, it
should be written down where it can be found
— the name ot the paper, number of page,
etc. Of course, the index at the end ot each
year would show all this, but I like the blank-
book plan much the best, because it contains
just what suits the reader's ideas.
Cass Co., Nebr., Dec. 15. J. M. YotJNG.

Small Crop of Honey.

The season for bees in this locality was very
poor — too much rain, wind, and cold weather.
Some have a small crop of surplus.

Bees, generally, are in fair shape for win-
ter. There was plenty of white and sweet
clover, but it was of little use to the bees, on
account of the weather. About three weeks
of hot weather in July, and the bees swarmed
at a great rate. I had 9 colonies in June, and
34 in September; I caught the most ot them.
James Godfrey.

Niagara Co., N. T., Dec. -3.

and easy to
if you work for us. We will start you in
DUslness and furnish the capital. U ork
light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcago, Ill<.

The Chicago Poultry Show is to be
January 19 to 24 Inclusive.

r" Commercial Poultry tor Sept. 5, 1902, said :
During the Chicago poultry show we shall
publish a daily edition of Commercial Poul-
try, and this we purpose making better than
the editions we have published during the
last two shows. During the week of the poul-
try show we shall also tender a banquet to
the judges who place the awards on the birds
in the show, and another banquet will be
given to all winners of first prizes who exhibit,
three or more birds.

With improved press facilities we shall also
add to our artistic fdrce and make Commer-
cial Poultry still more distinctively the leader
of the poultry press of the world from the
artistic point of view. We shall continue to
make our own style and not model after any
other publications, and in all its departments
make Commercial Poultry better and brighter
than it ever has been, maintaining the place
it has secured as the leader in circulation as
well as literary excellence.

CYPHERS

GUARANTEED.

It is to eivK uniformly bicker
per cents in hatches than any
other incubator, or your money
back. Self-regulatinK. self-ven-
tihitine. supplies moisture auto-
matically. The machine that
makes its ownwayinio all parts
of the world. Our brand i\ew
poultry -book of 1% pages shows

,Self

Supplied
Moisture
Cyphers Incubat

and Brooder seen

,'. I-:nt,'Inn.1. (.ernian.-, Hollan^l, New Zealand, etc..
,LU9se'i from prn tical and scientific standpoints al-
very ph.ase of tiie poultry business. It is without
n the greatest catalogue and general poultry

i^lease mentiou Bee jouraal "When ■wntinfi.

«!a_RUMELY?

ely Se

e model threshing outfit.

nil find the latest catal..(,'

Geared Traction Engines and

full of thre<;hen

M. RUMELY GO., LA PORTE, IND.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

ReUII— Wholesale— Jobbing.

I nse a PROCESS that produces 'EVERT
ESSENTIAL necessary to make it the BEST
and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO-
CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my
own inventions, which enable me to SELL
FOUNDATION and

Worlt Wax Into FoMilation For Cast

It prices that are the lowest. Catalog glvlnff

Full Line of Supplies,

with prices and samples, tree on application
BEESWAX WANTED.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please 'nRntion Bee Journal "when "WTiUug.

W^

FOR 5ALE.

7000 lbs. Extracted Basswood Honey, stored in
basswood barrels and kits. Large barrels each
holding 330 lbs. net; M barrels, 180 lbs.; kits,
33'3 lbs. Prices— 7^c per pound in barrels, and
8c in kits, f.o.b. cars at Viola. Cash must ac-
company order. Sample by mail, 10c. Address,
41A13t N. L. HENTHORN, box 83, Viola, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when •WTitin&

THE TEST

of a fence i8-"U.nv lone does It last, •• and. "How
well does it serve its purpose." How s ours (
I'AiiK (VOVKN WIRE FKSCK CO., ADHIAN, MICH.

INVITE all readers of the Amer- Q

CAN Bek Journal who seek a col- &

lege for themselves or friends to inves- ft

tigate t?

I MouniUnionColleoe f

J Our motto in all departments is "Ma-x- S

9 imum efficiency at minimum cost." iff

Z Our scholastic training is equal to the jZ

Z best, our reputation first-class. All ex- fZ

Z penses for a year, aside from the cloth- JZ

' ing and trave'ling, less than $200.00. Co- g

2 education, health conditions, moral and fZ

2 religious influence, superior. g

3 Send for catalog. S
'9 MOUNT UMOX COLLKGK, 0
9 Alliance, Ohio. g

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

I large profits. Easy work! We funiisb capital. Send
r 10 cents for fnll lice of aamplesand paiticuiars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcago. Ills.

Please MeHtion Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

^mh\i^t\llfi\lli/\lhh\h\h\h^^^^

=BEST=

^.

1 ExlraGiefl tioneo For sale i

^ ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS. >:

.^ Alfalfa

If Honey J^

!^ This is the famous
:*5 White Extracted
. «^ Honey gathered in
fS the great Alfalfa
. ^ regions of the Cent-
ra "^al West. It is a
.^ splendid honey, at;
;5 nearly everybt :
.^^ who cares to e .:
;^ honey at all can ■
.^ get enough of the
:5 Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
HoneyJ^

This is the well-
known light-colored
honey g'athered from
the rich, nectar-
laden basswoodblos-
soms. It has a
strong-er flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

§ Write for Quantity Prices by Freiglit, if Interested. g

A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage, g^

^ Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. ^

^ We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^;

^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^^

• ^ above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^

■^ this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. ^;

If QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & m6 E. Erie St., Chicago, III. ^

30

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, Hr3.

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction gruaranteed. I^ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying- from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal -when "WTiting"

$&&4

There ■wa.s more morvey ma^de by Fa.rmers
a.r\d G&rdervers in 1902

Lninaoy previous year in the history of the United States. 1903
will equal if not excel it. Good seed is scarce — buy early.

I Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual

for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the greatest Money Bringers
offered. Shall we send you a copy? It is free. Sparks' Earliana Tomato '
in the extra early class — enormously productive of large, fine.
smooth, solid fruit. Has made more haLfd cak.sh for our custom-
ers than anythine ever before introduced by any seedsman.
Pkt. 20c. oz.Sl.OO. ' " - Our Manual is illustrated by direct

photographs and is free. Shall we send you a copv?
Johnson A Stokes, 2t7-2t9 Market St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

Please mention Bee journal when ■writlns

^$ I

FOR THE BEST

■lirES, S.UOKUKS, EXXRACXORS, FOIJ!\l>AXIOJ^-

AND ALL

KKK-KKEPKRS- SUPPI.IES.

CaXitnfnia I If yon care to know of It*
Wailiurilld t Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural

&iper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam*
pie copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, C&L,
Please mention Bee Journal when. Wrltlna

»rv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
jL^ Wf will pit-sent vim with tlie tlrst Ki vou
f flktiikv ill t.i Bturt vuii ill a noi'ci puviiiK huai-
^ BiiL-SH. Send 10 centy for full line ol^stimplea
ff' Hiin.l illreetiona liow tn beftln.

^V^ DRAPER PUBLISHINa CO., ChluEO. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when writina

Queen-Clipping
Device Free....

The MoNKTTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine tmnp for use iii
catching and ciipping Queeas
wings. We mail It for 2S cents:
or will send it FREE as a pre
mium for sending us ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Jonrnai roi
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will
mail the Bee Jotirnal one yuu
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aBORQB W. VORK & COMPANY,

Chicago, 111

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. *" EsrrrF^

r CASH — for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

mifhm)OH BOILED^

'^g'lsahi^

Wholesale Marketing of Honey.

B. S. K. Bennett makes iu Gleanings in Bee-
Culture the following rather surprising state-
ments :

The great bakery trust in the United States,
with factories in each main city, is such an
extensive user of honey that they pay their
honey-l:)uyer .?1.5,000 a year, or 5^7 a day. This
man does nothing but manipulate the market.
How does he earn his salary > It matters lit-
tle to him how many buyers there are. He
sets the price, and sees to it, as has just been
demonstrated in California, that no click can
get a corner on the market nor on him (this is
all private information), but it is what I went
into the honey-business to learn. California
producers have an offer, through one of the
agents of this bakery trust, of i^{ cts. per
pound for all amber extracted honey for a
three-year-delivery contract. In good years
we rarely get above 3'., cts. Is this a feeler
as to our condition ? or is it an expectance of
an advance in price through the efforts of
organization.

Then and Now— Organization.

The editor of the Australian Bee-Bulletin
gives a discouraging picture of the condition
of bee-keepers in that far-off land, crediting
it largely to the big stories that were told of
the profits of bee-keeping. His closing words
show that organization is in the air, even on
the other side of the globe. He says in part :

" Take some ten years ago, when bee-keep-
ing first became prominent in Australia.
What were the stories told about it by persons
who wished to avail themselves of a good op-
portunity to make monej' by selling supplies?
The honey industry was going to excel the
butter industry; there was to be more money
in bee-keeping than in gold-mining: a square
mile of forest and a hundred colonies was an
assured income of €200 a year ; a hive of bees
in the bush would average 2.50 pounds of
honey a year; in the town 150 pounds; it
would add so much to the income of the pub-
lic servants, and occupy but little of their
time, and that would be all pleasure. Had
there been less "blow'' then, the industry
would have been in better condition now.
How have these beautiful pictures been real-
ized ? Not long since hundreds of empty

your neighbors. Leaflet telling how. and 3
packets earliest tomato si'ed, for 25c in stamps.

** Bees in Colorado''

I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and a g-ood many people
without visible axes to g^rind have said
it is a valuable and attractive thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or S two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.

" Bees in Colorado " is the title of a 48-
page and cover pamjihlet gotten up to boom
the Denver convention. Its author is D. \V.
Working, the alert secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association. It is beauti-
fully illustrated, and printed on enameled
paper. It is a credit to Mr. Working, and
will be a great help in actiuaiuting those out-
side of Colorado with the bee and honey
characteristics and opportunites of that
State. — American Bee .lournal.

D. W. WOF?KING, Box 432, Denver, Colo.

"lease mention Bee Journal "wiien "writing.

Jan. S, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

31

hives coukl have been purchased all over the
colony of New South Wales for next to noth-
injj; almost j^iven away. Bail seasons, de-
crease of forests, a limited market, lost hope
in foreitrn marl<ets. Wliat is to be done '. For
those producers who have survived, no mat-
ter in a small or larjie way — to maintain and
help the Bee-Farmers' Association — to imrk
loi/ellier honestly aud sincerely /uj- Wip/c om'»
guod. I'roducers should work, and at least
onde a year do their best to meet, too; it
nothing more, talk over the things conceru-
inir their welfare, and develop as much as
possible a spirit of union and friendship.

Basswood for Frames.

Basswood has been recommended by some
as better than pine, while others say basswood
is unfit for lumber in hives because it warps
and twists so badly. According to G. C.
Greiner, both are right, the difference being
in timber itself. He says in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:

In my earlier days, some forty years ago, I
was occasionally called on to assist in clear-
ing up and fencing land, all suitable timber
being split into rails. The timber was mostly
beech and maple, with now and then large
basswoods from three to four feet in diameter.
These latter we cut into logs twelve or four-
teen feet long, and with maul and wedge split
them into rails. The logs of some trees split
very easily. After starting the end with an
ax, two or three wedges driven from the top
into the opening would be sufficient to roll
the halves apart. The split surface of these
half-logs would sometimes be so straight and
true that nothing short of a saw could have
bettered it. The grain ran true in every way,
something lilte pine ; in fact, lumber cut from
such trees, as I did in latter years, would fill
the bill of pine for many purposes.

Other trees only a few rods from the first,
would act very differently — whether on ac-
count of different soil oralittle difference in
the lay of the land, I cannot say ; but the fact
remains the same, all our efforts to split the
logs cut from them would fail. Even the ap-
plication of gunpowder, blasting-rock fashion.
would not separate the halves. The grain of
these seeiued to wind about the tree — so much
so that, in the length of our logs, it would
make a quarter revolution; besides, the dif-
ferent layers were so completely braided or
woven together that those logs which we did
succeed in spliting had to be chopped the
whole length before they would separate. I
imagine that Mr. Niver's Groton top-bars
were made of lumber like the former, and
venture the assertion that his confidence in
basswood top-bars would vanish like dew be-
fore the rising sun if he should ever come in
contact with some made of the latter kind.

i I «^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

BOYS

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III. ILaX ^X^
46A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, Girls, old and yountr alike,

make money working: for u9.

We fomif-h ca]iital lo start yon in basi-

DOBS. Sena hb 10c stamps or silver for full InRiructions and a line of

voplesto-ork.uh. URAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cliiciisa,lll.

The Ormas Incubator. — We have be-
fore us the new catalog and price-list of the
Ormas incubators and brooders manufactured
by L. A. Banta, of Ligonier. Ind. While this
catalog is not as large nor as gorgeous as
some of the incubator concerns are putting
out, we doubt if any of them tell the story
with more directness than does Mr. Banta's.
For a moderate-priced incubator the Ormas is
making an enviable reputation for itself. We
would advise our readers who are interested
in incubators to write for one of these cata-
logs before purchasing. It is free. Please
mention the American Bee .lournal when
writing.

Catnip Seed Free!

We have a small supply of fresh,
clean C.\tnii' Seek on hand, and will
mail free, two ounces of it, to any
present paid-in- advance subscriber of
the American Ree Journal for sending^
us One New Subscriber for one year j
with SI. 00.

Two ounces of this seed will give
you a good start of one of the best
honey-producing plants known. We
will also send to the new subscriber
on this offer the rest of this year's
Journals free. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie street, - CHICAGO.ILL.

Short Seed Crop. — 1); will soon be the
seedmen's catalog time when every good
farmer and grower will be e.xpecting to re-
ceive the various seed catalogs issued by these
enterprising merchants. Among the most in-
teresting will be found the " Garden and Farm
Manual" of Messrs. .Johneon it Stokes, 317-
211) Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. This cata-
log differs from those offered by any other
seedmen in this country, as it is illustrated
throughout with handsome photographs taken
direct from the vegetables and flowers them-
selves. This gives it not only a distinction
and quality of its own, but gives it an added
value to the planter, as he can see exactly as
though the vegetable itself were in front of
him what the seed which he is ordering will
produce. This old firm makes a specialty of
introducing sterling novelties, and their suc-
cess in this direction has scarcely been equaled
by any other seed firm in this country. One
of their latest introductions, and which has
brought them a very considerable amount of
favorable comment, is their "Sparks' Earliana
Tomato." This has proven to be a novelty of
very sterling merit, being the finest, large,
round, smooth tomato and coming as early if
not earlier than any other known sort. But
it, together with nearly all other seed crops
this year, is a very short crop indeed, and
those wanting it will have to secure their sup-
ply early, as there will not be nearly enough
seed to fill the large demand that is sure to
come for it. This situation also applies to
nearly all the early peas, cucumber seed, all
muskmelon and watermelon seeds, and beans.
A copy of this " (iarden and Farm Manual "
will be sent free if you mention that you saw
this notice in the American Bee .Journal.

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

J? MARKET QUOTATION3. g.

\At A Kn"C r^ WHITE CLOVER EX-

VYMIN I tU TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W, MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Mease nr.entioii Bee Journal -wlxen -writins.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

Sns 10ft 2Sft 50ft

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

Alaike Clover 1.00 1,80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Chicago, Dec S. — There is no special change
in the honey market, prices remain as last
quoted and the volume of sales are not large.
The weather is such as usually prevails at this
season of the year, and the cold may induce
people to buy more freely. Best lots of fancy
white comb honey brings 16c per pound; No. 1
to choice, l£c; off grades, 2c to 5c less, and not
much demand for them. Extracted. 7(S*Sc for
white; amber, 6(«,'7c; Southern, 5M(s6c. Bees-
wax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co,

Albany, N. Y., Nov. 22.— Honey market is
still in strong position with ready demand for
all receipts at good prices. Fancy white comb,
16c; A No. 1, I'Sc; No. 2 and mixed, 14J^faa5c;
buckwheat, 14(<ul4J^c. Extracted, buckwheat
scarce at 6J^@7^c; light grades more plentv at
6>^@7c. Beeswax, 29@30c. H. R. Wright.

Boston, Oct. 20. — Our honey market remains
firm, with good demand and fair stocks on
hand. Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
quote our market as follows: Fancy white 1-
pound sections in cartons, 16c; No. 1, ISc; No.
2, very light supply, 14c; glass-front sections
generally one cent less than this. Extracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, 7Hc.

Blakb, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24 sections, $3.50; No, 1 at $3.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J.^c; amber, 6rrt'6>^c. Beeswax, 27(a30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. S.— The demand for honey,
both extracted and comb, has eased oflf some-
what the past few weeks, however the prices
rule steady, as follows: Extracted, amber, in
barrels, 6^'.7c; white clover, S@9c. Comb honey,
fancv, I6@17c; amber, ll@i2c. Beeswax, 29@30c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Dec. 23.— The market on comb
honey is dull and inactive. While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at ISc; No. 1, 14c; No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from lC^'12c. Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7Hc; light am-
ber, 65^@7c; dark, 5H(aibc. Reeswax firm at
from 28@29c. Hildreth & Sboelkkn.

Cincinnati, Dec. 12.— The comb honey mar-
ket is a little quiet, almost everybody is filled
up. As there is hardly any new supply coming
in, there is no change in prices, namely: Fancy
water-white, 16c; off grades less. The market
for extracted white clover shows a slight ad-
vance. Fancy white c\over brings Sj4(a,'>c; al-
falfa water-white, (>%(^l}^c; but amber, if any-
thing, has weakened. I quote same, in barrels,
5M@55^c. Beeswax, 27@28c.

C. H, W.Weber,

San Francisco, Dec. 17.— White comb honey,
n%@12Hc; light amber, 10@Hc; dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, t>@6J^c; light amber, 5^5Jic;
amber, 4@4J^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.

The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing points at bottom price. Small lots of
choice honey that can be used in local trade
bring more. Quotations here given are current
prices to producer, f.o.b. shipping point, on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.H

WflllbBfl traGt6d"fton6ul

Please mention. Bee Journal -when, -wiitiiia

-Extracted MONEY

[ail sample, and state

Wanted

JohnF.Ganipbell, 53 River St.,Ghicago, III.

34Atf Mention the American Bee Journal.

WANTED I

Honey and Beeswax. Mail sample and state
price delivered Cincinnati. C. H. W. WEBER.
214* 2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
2lAtf Mention the American Bee Joarna

32

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1903.

[ BEE=KEEPER5, ^

' Save Money by Buying •?

Hives, Sections, Brood g
Frames, Extractors, g
Smokers, ^f*" everything g

^^_^^^^^^^^^ ELSE YOU NEED, OF g

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. GO., g
Jamestown, N. Y. g

*S" Our (foods are guaranteed of supe- S

rior qualitv in every way. JS

Send for our large illustrated catalog, g

and copy of tS

THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER, a

a monthly for all bee keepers ; SOc a year. S?
(Now in 12th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.)

tS" W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottingham, j,

N- H., carries a full line of our goods at fZ

K catalog prices. Order of him and save %

jS freight.

flease menoon tsea juuiuai wuttu wTlt.ili..'-,

B

IINGHAIH'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.

Tip=>Top Glass Honey- Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made of the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
nialies as handsome a
pacliage as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which is an important thing with honey-
sellers.

We can furnish these jars, f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices : One gross, $5.00; two gross,
$i.T' a gross; fiye or more gross $4.50 per
gros

If. >u try them once you willlikely use no
other !ind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey ars.

-* JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, UrU

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
fnr us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c fnr samples and partio-
ularn. We furnish capital to wtart you in
buKiness. Draper Publishing Co.,Ctiicago,lll.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cool(, Ciaremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts ti> tite Trade.

^is^is^ifi.js^ifi,.y^\s^y^is^sf^is.jfi^is,js^is^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation l^i?

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^,-^'':u^^^&°%tLll^^S:''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

"Whv Hnf>« It SpII «n well? Because it has always given better satis-
Wny UOeS IL &CI1 »U WCll r faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS •<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee — Re\/iseci,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

•?ir^ 'W-"W'W'^-^^*-^'^*^^'^*^5*"^'r^'5fr*r^^-^-"*r^'ifrw>^r^'^fr^jc

Why not get

The "Post"
Fountain
Pen^ —

The very best in the market; regular price, 83.00, and not obtainable under this
price anywhere. The Six Cardinal points Peculiar to the " Post " :

Self-Filliug^ Self-Cleanin;;, Simplicity, Diirabilitj',
Reliability, I%o l..eal<ing^.

Given mmm, Free S==:ss5Hii

~' newal with $i.SO; or j our own subscrip-

tion will be advadced 2 years, and the Pen furnished for $2.50.

In each case all arrears, It any, must be paid in addition, the aboye offers be-
ing for subscriptions fully in adyance only. We believe we can say truthfully, with-
out fear of contradiction, that no fountain pen ever put upon the market ever re-
ceived in so short a time so many unsolicited testimonials from such dlstinguisheil
men as the POST. The above drawing shows its conetructioa. To till the POST, all
you have to do is to dip the nib into tiie ink-bottle, draw out the plunger, and the
pen is ready for use. Compare this with unscrewing the ordinary style, and refill-
ing with a glass filler that you can not always find when wanted. The self-cleaning
feature of the Post, as illustrated, will also commend itself. With most pens spe-
cially prepared ink must be used or they are soon of no use, because they become so
gummed up and it is well nigh impossible to clean them. With the POST you
simply dip the nib in water, draw the plunger back and forth like a syringe or siiuirt-
gun, and in less than five seconds it is clean and free for a perfect flow of any ink
that may be handy. We will send, on request, a few of the many testimonials from
noted men in various callings who have written merited words of praise for this
most valuable invention. We can not otier the pen for sale for less than .?:^.00; but
by special arrangement we are enabled to offer it free as a premium with Gleanings
in any of the following combinations: All arrears, if any, must tlrst be paid at .$1.00
a year. Then for 513. 00 we will send (ileanings for one year, to two new names; for
one year to yourself, and send you the pen free. For S3. ,50 we will send you the
pen and Gleanings for one year, and to one new subscriljer a year; for$;i.50 we will
send the pen and Gleanings for two years. If you have ever been disappointed with a
fountain pen we assiu-e you that you will not be with this one.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^mif Io'illT''

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPIdES IN CHICAGO.
them for their free Catalog.

The Ontario Convention Report.

Getting Ready for Next Season.

nORLEY PETTIT.

a. M. DOOLITTLE.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JAN. 15. 1903.

No. 3,

34

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1903.

WEEKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK & COMPANY

144 & 146 Erie St., Chicapo, III.

Sntered at the Post-Offlce ftt Chicago as Qeeond-
Class Mail-Mat'i*r.

Editor— George W. York.
Dept. Editors.— Dr. C. C. Miller, E. E. Hasty,

Emma M. Wilson.
Special Correspondents — G. M. Doolittle,

Prof. A. J. Cook, C. P. Dadant,
R. C. Aikin, F. Greiner, A. Getaz, and others.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journa.;
is 11.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"decOl" on your label shows that it 13
paid to the end of December, 1901.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not sena
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money he.s
beer, received and duly credited.

Advertising Rates will be given unon ap-
•olication.

Tlie National Bee-Keepers' Association,

OBJECTS:
To promote and protect the interests of its
members.
To prevent the adulteration of honey.
To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
E. Whitcomb, I Thomas G. Newman

W. Z. Hutchinson, I G. M. Doolittle,
A. I. Root, | W. F. Marks,

R. C. AiKiN, I J. M. Hambaugh,

C. P. Dadant,
I Dr. C. C. Miller.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
W. Z. Hhtchinson, President.
James U. Harris, Vice-President.
George W. York, Secretary, Chicago, 111.

Eugene Secor, General Manager and Treas-
urer, Forest City, Iowa.

Membership Dues, $1.00 a year.

J8®"If more convenient. Dues may be sent to
the office of the American Bee Journal, when
they will be forwarded to Mr. Secor, who will
mall individual receipts.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a verv
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.

Note.— One readei writes:
" I have every reason to be-
lieve that it would be a verj
g"ood idea forev^ry bee-keeper
to wear one [of Lie buttons,
as it will cause people to ask
.juestiona about the busy bee, and manv a con-
rersation thus started would wind up with the
sale of more or. less honey; at any rate it would
give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to
enlighten many a person in regard to honey
aad bees." >

The picture shown herewith Is a reprou uc-
4ion of a motto queeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten It.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents,
t«r 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to Uie offlctt
©i the Am.ericaB "^ee Journal,

4i^Vi/\i/\l/\l/\i/\i/ii/\iA>/ii/ViAiAiAl/\d/\d/\i/\^^

I Exiraciefl Honey For Sale i

^ ALL IN 60-POUNO TIN CANS. ^

I Honey a: gg^^^^^Bl HoneyA: |

5 ^1^%:^^! ■! This is the wen- g

.^ Honey gathered In 1 1, ^^H known light-colored — ^

rS the great Alfalfa i ^- , ^Hi honey gathered from ^

.^ regions of the Cent- ■ L ,- ^^H J '"^^ rich, nectar- ^^

■^^^ r^i vjac* Ti iQ ^ Hn "iL~^ •^^■nn laden basswood bios- ^^

BBST-

Alfalfa ^
Honey <^

This is the famous
White Extracted
Honey g^athered In
the ^reat Alfalfa
reg-ions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who cares to eat
honey at all can't
g-et enoug^h of the
Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
HoneyJ^

the
lig'ht-colored
honey gathered from
rich, nectar-
1 basswood blos-
soms. It has a
strong^er flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

■$ Write for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested. ^

^ A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. §^

•^ ' ^

^ Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. ^:

5 We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^^

^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^

js above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some mone^, can get ^

'^ this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. ^"

^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111. S'

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one jiidtv— Three Bees 00 the other side

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cot is tub t'OLi, Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say )ust what name and
4ddress you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, .ind we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lininsrs are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destiov the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the •' Novelties," your Pocket- Knifs will serve as an identifier; and is
.';ase of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present; What more lasting memento could a mother
ifive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
tae name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oJ
this]|beautiful knife, as tb>» ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th«
Due sending iis\hki:e new suesckiheks to the Bee Journal (with$.''.'».l We will club the Noveitj
Suife and the Bee Journal for one vear, both for f 1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO,

*iirPleaae allor- -bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tiliea.

Chicago, IlL

Please Mention the Bee Joarnal ^^«" ^'*"«

Advertisers «.

JSsTABt,5

^^^^;g&fERICAi^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL,, JAN, 15, 1903,

No, 3.

^ Editorial Comments. ^ |

The International Exposition of BeeoCulture, to be

held at Vienna, in Austria, April 4 to 26, bids fair to be an
event of much importance. There will be on exhibition
from the dififerent nations colonies of living' bees, hives,
implements, products of bees, direct and indirect, etc. In-
terest is added by the fact that the Government Apicultural
School, with rts large apiary, is located at N'ienna. It is
the intention to have the groupings such that the status of
bee-culture can be studied by countries. Living or pre-
served specimens of the enemies of bees will be displayed,
from the bee-louse to the great bear. Honey-plants in
great variety, so far as possible in bloom, will appear. Not
the least matter of interest will be the opportunity to meet
face to face bee-keepers of all lands.

Exhibitors and others may obtain desired information
by addressing Ausstellungs-Komitee, Wien, 1, Schaufler-
gasse 6.

The Knotty Problems of Bee°Keeping. — From an es-
teemed correspondent comes the following :

" I like the American Bee Journal, and enjoy reading
the communications of the various contributors, yet I am

somewhat disappointed Can't you get some of your

many bee-men to roundup each long-discussed subject, like
shaken sivarms, with a plain, practical digest of the whole
matter ? and give us little, young fellows some practical
facts that we can understand and put in practice ?"

Sometimes you may see hanging up in a store a sign
with the legend, "If you don't see what you want, ask for
it." Same here. The department of " Questions and An-
swers" is open "at all hours" for those who desire informa-
tion. In the editorial department will be found from time to
time epitomized views upon important subjects, and more
or less in the same line from experienced correspondents.
Yet with all this there will be times when conflicting views
will be expressed, especiall}- upon matters more or less new,
and so long as the testimony is not all in it is not an easy
thing to give anything like a summarized opinion.

Taking the matter of shaken swarms referred to : A
summary would add nothing that has not been given, and
no one would be competent to say that such and such testi-
monj- is reliable, and such and such is to be disregarded.
Indeed, there may be conflict of the most emphatic charac-
ter between two witnesses without any deviation from the
strict line of truth on either side, the difference to be ac-
counted for by difference in conditions or locality. So each
one having the vrhole facts before him must judge for him-
self what will best fit his own case.

More than one writer has already given in these col-
umns a summary of his procedure in the matter of shaken
swarms. What our correspondent probably would like to

have would be something like an authoritative statement as
to what will be the very best thing to suit his own case. It
would, indeed, seem a most desirable thing to have implicit
instructions given as to all the different things pertaining
to bee-keeping. So far as that is possible, it is done by
means of text-books and bee-papers ; but when all is done
that can be done, there will always be still left much for
the judgment of the individual bee-keeper. Therein lies
the charm, and at the same time the despair, of bee-keep-
in_g — the constant solving of problems that arise, only to be
followed by others as fast as solutions are found for those
already on hand.

It will be, in the future as it has been in the past, the
pleasure as well as the duty of this journal to help so far as
possible each one, especially the beginner, to solve the
difficulties met with, and to this end questions as to those
difficulties are always in order.

" If you don't see what you want, ask for it."

Cleaning Smokers F. L,. Thompson says in the Pro-
gressive Bee-Keeper that he burns them out, and also
cleans them "by soaking in water for 24 hours or more,
when the creosote flakes off easily with the assistance of a
knife." Of course, the metal part is separated from the
leather and wood before being put to soak. A good kink.

Advertisements of Sugar for Bees, either in the form
of sugar or candy, are quite common in English and conti-
nental bee-journals, which seems a little strange to Ameri-
can readers. One reason for the difference in this respect
between this and other countries lies in the fact that in this
country little is thought of the difference in sugars, the
general belief being that granulated sugar made from
beets is just as good as that made from sugar-cane. On
the contrary, in other lands there is held to be an important
difference. Especially in England is beet sugar strongly
objected to as bee-food, being considered entirely unfit for
winter food. So bee-keepers of that country look carefully
to the source of their sugar. The latest number of the
British Bee Journal to hand contains one advertisement of
cane-sugar and five of bee-candy, the price of sugar being
much the same as in this country, and the candy from 10 to
18 cents a pound.

Defense of the Kingbird. — The Florida Times-Union
claims that the harm done by the kingbird or bee-martin
to the bees is largely outweighed by the good it does in
driving away hawks. It says :

When the hawk appears the king calls to his mate and
the two rush to the attack with the directness of Schley's
ships, and almost with the swiftness of a shell from the
Brooklyn. They attack on opposite sides, and each tries
to rise above the other — the female distracts the attention
of the enemy while eluding blows from beak and talons by
sudden turns and quick rushes to get in. But woe to the
hawk that delays to strike at her — her mate has rushed
above and then down — he clutches the feathers at the base
of the skull and strikes straight for the eyes while beating

36

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1903.

with his wing-s to confuse and distract. Then the hawk
takes to headlongf flight, and will drive through thick trees
to free himself, or. blinded by the wings, will sometimes
kill himself by striking against an object in the way.

Let the farmer recognize the kingbird as his friend,
and give him the toll of a few bees gladly — he has earned
them.

Retailing Basswood Honey; — On page 40 is an article
by Mr. A. W. Smith, detailing his experience with bass-
wood honey among his private family trade. But we think
the explanation is principally located in his statement that
about half of his trade prefer buckwheat honey. If any one
prefers buckwheat honey, in all probability he will never
like basswood honey.

But we think the basswood honey Mr. Smith's locality
produces must be very different from the fine basswood
honey found in Wisconsin and Minnesota. We have quite
a quantity of as fine flavored basswood honey in stock now
as any one ever need care for.

We have wondered whether Mr. Smith has not had
basswood honey that was not well ripened. If so, it is
about the worst stuff that can be put on the market. We
think we should always prefer buckwheat honey to unripe
basswood honey. But if the basswood honey is properly
ripened it is indeed a fine honey to eat.

Of course, tastes differ so much. We personally prefer
alfalfa honey, and can eat our share af it. But there are
other people who prefer white clover honey, basswood
honey, sage honey, tupelo honey, or even buckzuheat honey !

Replacing Queens — The Australian Bee-Bulletin ad-
vises the replacing of queens two years old, and gives the
following sad picture of the condition of a colony left to its .
own devices :

It does not pay to keep queens two years old, as a rule.
They gradually cease to lay, and the colony dwindles. If a
daughter supersedes she may be lost in her wedding-flight.
As the colony dwindles the nurse-bees decrease to become
honey-gatherers. The brood is neglected. Honey may be
gathered, but the last honey-gatherer at last dies. The
queen may even survive all, or the old queen may die, and
a young one come out and not sufficient bees to attend to
her, she herself dying for want of food and attention.

Either conditions are different in Australia from what
they are here, or else there is a marked difference in bees.
Some of our ablest bee-keepers think it the wiser course to
leave the matter of superseding entirely to the bees, and
they would hardly expect one casein a hundred of entire loss
if the bee-keeper never meddled. Before a queen becomes
unfit for work — often before the bee-keeper can see the
least sign of failing — she is superseded by the bees, the
change of queens not affecting the strength of the colony
in the least. Is there not some mistake about the nurses
neglecting brood to become honey-gatherers ? Will not a
worker continue the occupation of nursing so long as
needed for that purpose, without regard to age ? Do work-
ers not continue to be nurses in spring when six months old?

\ * The Weekly Budget. * \

A Series of Bee-Kbepkrs' Institutes will be held in
the State of New York as follows :

Canandaigua, March 2 and 3 ; Romulus, March 4 ;
Auburn, March 5; Cortland, March 6 ; Fulton, March 7 ;
Syracuse, March 9 and 10; and Amsterdam, March 11.

Prof. Frank Benton, Apicultural Investigator, fur_

nished by the United States Department of Agriculture at
the expense of the Bureau of Institutes of the State Depart-
ment of Agriculture, will address the meetings.

The New York State Association of Bee-Keepers' Socie-
ties will hold its annual meeting at Syracuse, March 10, at
10 o'clock a.m., in the City Hall. Prof. Benton and other
prominent bee-men have informed us of their intention to
attend this meeting, and a profitable and interesting session
is in store for those who attend. Special rates have been
secured for entertainment at the Manhattan Hotel, Fayette
St., at $1.25 per day. C. B. Howard, Sec.

Mr. Wm. Couse is also a director of the Canadian
Honey Exchange. Through an oversight his name was
omitted from the list given on page 3.

" A B C of Bee-CulTdre," edition of 1903, is on our
desk. It is a handsome volume in every way, and now con-
tains about 500 large pages. It has just been thoroughly
revised and brought down to date in everything that per-
tains to bee-keeping. More copies of this work on bees
have been sold than of any other book devoted to the sub-
ject. The price is $1.20, postpaid, or, if taken with a year's
subscription to the American Bee Journal, the two will be
sent for $1.75. Send all orders to the office of the American
Bee Journal

Yon Yonson's quaint sayings are much enjoyed by
some, while those who are little familiar with the Swedish
dialect have difficulty in understanding them. Some of the
words that trouble most frequently are as follows: Ma
(pronounced may) means with ; ay means I ; po means on
or in ; dom means them, and sometimes they or those.

The question has been asked whether Yon's story about
the telephone business has any foundation in fact. All that
he has said about it is literally true, and Yon may well be
proud of the part that he has had in the matter.

The Amusements of Children. — An article on the
amusements of children in The Delineator for February
contains a wealth of practical suggestions. Most mothers
are usually at their wits' ends to provide suitable entertain-
ment for the children. The kindergarten is an aid in the
solution of this problem ; but it only occupies a portion of
the child's time. The work of the kindergarten should be
supplemented by play and instruction of a like character in
the home. The seed sown in the heart and mind of the
child bears abundant fruit in later years, and the good that
they derive from song and story and healthful bodily exer-
cise can not be overestimated. A love of Nature, habits of
neatness and order, politeness of manner can be instilled in
the little one by intelligent effort.

Mr. J. Alpaugh, of Ontario, Canada, writing us Jan.
3, from Florida, says :

Editor American Bee Journal —

I am on a winter tour through this State, but have just
received word that all my bees and bee-appliances that I
had up in Bruce County, Canada, were "burned up, Dec.
27. I had the bees in the cellar, and all the fixtures in the
house above. The loss was about $800. No insurance.
Yours truly, J. Alpaugh.

We regret very much to learn of the loss reported by
Mr. Alpaugh. It is too bad that he had no insurance. We
think it behooves every person who has insurable property
to be careful to have it insured at all times. The $800 would
pay the insurance premium on a large amount for a number
of years.

We hope Mr. Alpaugh will be able to stock up again
with bees, that he may have a good season this year, and
thus recover from his heavy loss.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Jan. IS, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

37

Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,

Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17

and 18, 1902.

REPORTED BV MORLBY PBTTIT.

The annual convention of the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association was held in the Court House, in Barre, Ont.,
Dec. 1^, 17 and 18, 1902.

Pres. J. D. Evans called the meeting to order at 2 p.m.,
and Mr. J. K. Darling offered prayer.

Sec. Wm. Couse read the minutes of the last annual
meeting, which were approved.

Pres. J. D. Evans then read his address, as follows :

THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

I am glad to greet you again, to renew our friendship,
and exchange our experiences. While the past year was
not a record-breaker in the yield of honey, still the yield
was fair, and quality and price good.

One of the lessons we have learned is, there is never a
good crop in all parts of Ontario in one year, and any api-
arist who has a large crop of honey should make inquiries
as to the honey-yield in the whole Province before jumping
to the conclusion that it is abundant and going to be cheap ;
the importance or correct information on this point, and
the influence of the Association in keeping up fair prices,
was well illustrated in the disaster that befell the attempt
of certain commission men in Toronto to break the honey
market last fall ; and in this connection I wish to say that
the thanks of the Association is due Mr. Byer for his
prompt and energetic action in the case.

I am much disappointed in the slow increase in our
membership. Early in the year the executive prepared a
circular showing the usefulness of the Association to bee-
keepers, and had it mailed, at considerable expense, to about
7000 bee-keepers in Ontario. I regret to say that the in-
crease in membership did not justify the expense. It seems
amazing to me that any bee-keeper should be so blind to his
own interests as to stand aloof from so useful a society. 1
was surprised at receiving only six applications for the ser-
vices of the inspector of apiaries during the year, and wrote
Mr. McEvoy asking him to let me know what applications
he had received, and what apiaries he had visited. The in-
spector refused to give me this information, and quoted
some old resolution passed in the time of the late Mr. Prin-
gle, forbidding him to give any information of this kind ex-
cept to the Minister of Agriculture.

If any such resolution is on the books of the Associa-
tion it is of no force whatever, as by the statutes of Ontario
the inspector has no authority to visit an apiary unless
when sent by the president of the society. See Sec. 3, Ch.
283, S. A. 1897.

Section 6 of the same Act provides a fine of not less
than S20, or more than SSO, or imprisonment for two or three
months, for any owner who conceals the fact that foul brood
exists among his bees.

Section 10 of the same Act reads: " Every bee-keeper
or other person who is aware of the existence of foul brood,
either in his own apiary or elsewhere, shall immediately
notify the president of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion of the existence of such disease, and in default of so
doing shall, on summary consideration before a Justice of
the Peace, be liable to a tine of S5 and costs."

Section 12 of said Act orders the Association to report
to the Minister of Agriculture each year, the number of
colonies destroyed, and the locality where found, so that
the secrecy sought to be observed is contrary to law, and
absurd.

I think the Association should seek for the authority to
appoint a spb-inspector in each of its districts, and thus
save unnecessary travelling expenses ; and that in the
future our presidents should strictly enforce the law, that
no inspector or sub-inspector inspect any apiary unless
directed by the president for the time being. It would be
well to have a by-law passed defining the duties of the in-
spectors, and the Act for the suppression of foul brood
among bees, printed in the minutes of this session.

I greatly regret that througli some misunderstanding
Prof. Harrison was not in a position to carry out his experi-
ments in curing foul brood with formalin. He wrote the
secretary early this season asking for samples of foul and
black brood, and asked that Mr. Gemmill supply them.
Unfortunately, through the delay in the correspondence,
and the fact that the sub-inspector ((Jemmill) was busy, sam-
ples were not sent until it was too late, and we will have no
report this session from the Professor. I hope he will be
supplied with all necessary materials for his experiments
next season, for they are of the utmost importance.

I hope that we may have a pleasant and profitable
meeting. J. D. Evans.

Wm. McEvoy thought people whose bees have foul
brood should do as they do in Wisconsin — report directly to
the inspector. The president changes every year, and has
not the oportunity of understanding the situation as the
inspector can.

R. F. Holtermann — We must act in a legal way. If the
Act is wrong, have it amended ; but in the meantime the
inspector should comply with the Act ; then he has the Act
to back him.

Mr. Gemmill — The Foul Brood Act of Ontario was the
first law of its kind in America. We can not expect it to
be perfect ; but if we do not like it let us appoint a committee
to have it amended.

On motion, a committee composed of the following was
appointed to amend the Foul Brood Act : Messrs. Darling,
Sibbald, Gemmill, Byer, and Newton.

KKKDING FERMENTED HONEY,

"Can slightly fermented honey be safely used for
spring feeding?"

W. A. Chrysler — Yes. I prefer to heat it and evaporate
to the consistency of ripe honey, then add water to make it
thin enough for feeding.

J. K. Darling indorsed this.

KNOWING FOUL BROOD AND CURING IT.

" How do you know foul brood, and how is it cured ?"
Mr. McEvoy explained the symptoms and gave his
valuable cure. To dispose of the brood leave about a quart
of bees, and pile up two stories high for 10 or 12 days till
most of the brood hatches. Treat this colony for foul
brood in the usual way, and give them a queen. All opera-
tions should be done in the evening, and during a good
honey-flow. If the flow should stop suddenly you must
feed. You can't cure foul brood in fruit-bloom — the flow is
too risky. If it should stop you might have starved brood.
Wait till June. Mr. McEvoy has not much faith in forced
swarms curing this disease, as one shaking does not rid the
bees of the diseased honey in their sacks.

WEED-PROCESS COMB FOUNDATION.

" What is your experience with Weed-process founda-
tion ?"

Mr. Chrysler — I have not used it.

W. J. Brown — It is no advantage.

Jas. Armstrong — For the brood-chamber I would not
use anything else. There are more sheets of the founda-
tion per pound, and it is stronger.

Mr. Holtermann — The objection raised to section foun-
dation is that the bees do not work on it so readily. Pres-
sure in milling it makes it harder.

C. W. Post — It is good when properly manipulated.

W. J. Craig — The hardness depends on the wax used.
Wax from cappings is much harder than that from old combs.

Several members said they found the bees prefer old-
process foundation. Some maintain the contrary.

FULL SHEETS OF FOUNDATION AND FORCED SWARMS.

" Is it advisable to use full sheets of foundation in
making forced swarms ?"

Mr. Chrysler — If you do, put an empty hive-body under
for a few days.

Mr. Post — For extracted honey use foundation. For
comb honey use starters. Five or six starters give worker-
comb ; more than that give drone-comb.

FORCED SWARMS.

"Is forced swarming a success?"

Mr. Chrysler — Yes, if you do not shake prematurely.
Wait for some sign of swarming.

F. A. Gemmill— This matter has been well discussed in
recent bee-papers. Forced swarms should be made when
there is honey coming in. The bees should be allowed to

38

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. IS, 1903.

fill themselves before shaking. These swarms should be as
much like the natural as possible.

Mr. Evans — I prefer shaking on full sheets rather than
on starters.

Mr. Holtermann — I have been practicing this more or
less for ten years. A colony should not be "swarmed"
until cells are started. When one is found in this condition
smoke and jar to cause the bees to fill themselves, then go
on to the next hive. Continue until No. 1 has had plenty
of time, then shake. Do not shake off all the bees.

GETTING KID OF ANNOYING ROBBBB-BEBS.

"How would you get rid of robber-bees following
around the yard and bothering while you are working ?"

Mr. Chrysler — Fitid out which colony is doing it, and
shake them ofl' on starters. This gets them roused up and
filled with honey. Give them sections, and they go to work.

Mr. Holtermann— I do not see how robber-bees can be
gotten rid of in the way mentioned. On every hive we have
a portico with grooves in the front into which we can slip a
screen and confine the bees to that portico. When any
work has to be done at a time when no honey is coming in,
and robbers are about, put on these screens early in the
morning. Every colony in the yard is thus confined to the
hive in a way that does not worry them, for they can fly
about in the portico. No robber-bees can leave home to dis-
turb at any other hive, and you can clip queens, extract
buckwheat honey, or do any other necessary work, without
the annoyance or danger of robber-bees.

Mr. Post advocated setting out a few smeared combs
for the bees to clean up. After that they will be quiet for
the rest of the day.

THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPBRS' ASSOCIATION.

" Is it advisable for this Association to adopt similar
work to that of the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?"

Mr. Gemmill — As members of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association we have its full protection, and nothing
further is needed.

Mr. McEvoy read an invitation from N. E. France, ask-
ing the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association to join the Na-
tional in a body.

Mr. Craig— The National has refused assistance in the
case of Brock vs. Patterson, although Mr. Patterson is a
member.

Mr. Holmes— They refused on the ground that Mr.
Patterson's lawyer was not in their employ.

WINTER TEMPERATURE FOR BEES.

"Would you expect bees to winter well where the tem-
perature remains constantly at 41 degrees, Fahr.?"

Morley Pettit— I would consider it a perfect cellar if
the temperature never varied from 41 degrees, Fahr., pro-
vided a chaff cushion or some such top packing is on each
hive.

Mr. Byer— My cellar has that temperature, but I feared
it was too low.

Mr. Holmes recommends 40 to 42 degrees as the right
temperature.

Mr. J. E. Byer then read his paper on

MARKET REPORTS.

For different reasons it was with much reluctance I con-
sented to write a short paper on this phase of our business.
My chief objection was my lack of experience as compared
with a number of my hearers to day, coupled with the fact
of certain peculiar and somewhat unpleasant conditions
existing the past season ; the same, no doubt, that prompted
our executive committee to bring this subject before you at
this our annual meeting.

From the first it has seemed to me that the term " mar-
ket reports" was hardly comprehensive enough. "Crop
reports," to ray mind, is a little more expressive. With
this thought in view, I have taken the liberty to use the
two phrases, not exactly as synonymous terms, yet in con-
junction the one with the other. For the sake of conven-
ience I have divided the subject-matter under two headings
— " Market or Crop Reports," as published in the regular
market columns of our bee-papers and other papers, and
" Market or Crop Reports " appearing from time to time in
the news columns of our dailies and other periodicals.

With the first-named part of the subject I believe there
are few of our bee-keepers who have much to complain of.
As far as I have been able to ascertain, the bee-papers giv-
ing us reports of crops and prices of honey, are reasonably
correct, and are endeavoring, to the best of their ability, to
give the bee-keepers all the information they are able to do

under conditions as they exist to-day. As to our daily and
weekly papers, I have never noticed that the general pub-
lic, or merchants either, for that matter, take much notice
of honey quotations in the regular market columns. Some-
times I have received more for my honey than the market
quoted, and at other times less. From the " Honey Col-
umn " in Gleanings for Sept. IS, I copy the following ex-
tract of report forwarded to said paper, under date of Sept.
'02, by a Toronto firm that handles considerable honej' each
year: "Extracted honey, white clover, good body, 8c per
lb." Some was bought at 9c, even at 10c, but the crop turned
out better than was expected, and bee-keepers are willing to
take less. It seems a mistake that beekeepers are all
crowding their product on the market at the same time, and
what they can not sell they consign to commission houses
that always break the price. The facts, as outlined in this
report, are so simple as to need no comment from me.

While not aware that any considerable quantity of
honey was placed in the hands of commission men so early
as Sept. 10, I am, however, quite alive to the fact that it is
quite natural for the bee-keepers (especially men of slim
pocket-books) to exchange their honey for money just as
soon as they can get what they consider a fair Vemunera-
tion for their product. Let me add that as long as the
marketing of the honey crop is conducted in the haphazard
manner of to-day, any amount of preaching to the contrary
will not prevent the bee-keeper of limited circumstances
from converting his honey into hard cash at his earliest
opportunity. These remarks might perhaps be applied to
the small producers as well, a class, by the way, that has
been censured so much in the past that we can well afford
to leave them alone in the discussion to-day.

The second division of our subject is, no doubt, by far
the most important one for us to take into consideration —
perhaps the only part of the question that we are much in-
terested in. For some inexplicable reason anything appear-
ing in the news columns of our papers is at once swallowed
as gospel truth by the majority of their readers. This fact
has often been the means of prompting people to circulate
false items and reports for the sake of the "sensational,"
for notoriety, individual gain, and other selfish reasons.
It ma)' be that some who took the baits held out in our papers
the past season, and who are yet smarting from the effects
of the baits, will be hoping that a tirade of abuse will be
showered on the headsof those " awful fellows " — the whole-
sale men. While not in sympathy with methods of busi-
ness as practiced by certain firms, yet I realize, as every
fair-minded man must, that this question, like all others,
has two sides to it. So, instead of denouncing the " other
fellow," my purpose today will be rather more to see if we
as bee-keepers are not sometimes, to a certain extent, in-
directly responsible for reports being circulated adverse to
our interests. "Charity begins at home," likewise some
other virtues, so I win give an instance in my owh experi-
ence the past season, which taught me a little lesson.

During the busiest part of the season the editor of one
of our local papers paid us a visit in the apiary one after-
noon. Being very busy, I forgot to " put a flea in his ear "
before he left us, as to any report of his visit he might write
up in his paper. The following week I was surprised to
find in a quite racy account of his visit with us the state-
ment that we would have so many to>is of honey this year.
While the item was not so much of an exaggeration, yet I
felt sure that it would have a bad effect, for, to the average
reader, a ton of honey seems like something prodigious.
Although I at once interviewed the editor of our other local
paper, and asked him not to copy the item in question, this
did not prevent local editors in adjoining towns from copy-
ing the same. Now, as to results : In a short time letters
came to me asking for quotations on honey, coupled with
statements like these, " Honey must be a great crop this
year ;" "As you have so much it must be very cheap," etc.

A much more forcible illustration in this line was the
notorious statement, published in one of the Toronto dailies,
purporting that honey was a great crop in all sections of
Ontario, consequently it would be cheaper than for some
years ; also stating that a certain wholesale firm had had
the refusal of a large quantity of extracted honey. To make
matters worse, the; Associated Press copied the article,
which was scattered broadcast over the land, and somehow
the authority of the Department of Agriculture became
attached to the same. It is only fair to say that the firm in
question, aftersome time, repudiated the statements credited
to them. However, that did not prevent a number of bee-
keepers from stampeding in the meantime, and selling their
honey at a very low figure.

Now, as to the bee-keepers part in causing reports like

Jan. IS, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

39

this to be sent out, while, as before intimated, not endors-
ing methods employed by certain firms to find out what the
crop of honey, yet the fact remains, that if they are goinj;
to do business in a business manner, they must in some
way at least have an idea as to the amount of honey in
sigfht. As loiigf as^we as bee-keepers do not provide them
with better plans for gaining information of the honey
crop, we should not be too emphatic in saying just what
they should do, or just what they shall not do. I venture
to say that if we could have the privilege of perusing so)iii-
of the letters sent to the wholesale firms by bee-keepers, in
answer to the query as to their crop of hone)', we would be
greatly surprised at the glowing accounts of big yields, etc.
We would not wonder that wholesale men sometimes jump
at conclusions.

Some time in September of this year, speaking with
different wholesale men in Toronto, I was surprised to hear
them speak of bee-keepers coming to them and telling of
their big crops of honey. One man in particular, who had
a fair crop of honey this year, seemed to have visited nearly
every firm for the purpose of expanding himself. I did not
wonder that when I tried to assure them that there was not a
large crop of honey in Ontario this year, they shook their
heads in a knowing way, intimating that I had "an ax to
grind;" or I would not talk like that.

In conclusion, while having treated this subject only in
a superficial way, yet I frankly admit that as conditions are
to-day I have no suggestions to offer, other than the very
simple ones that will readily occur to the mind of every one
without me taking the time to mention them. The only
logical solution of the problem of reporting and marketing
the honey crop is, that we want to change existing condi-
tions. While prices for honey, as for nearly all other prod-
ucts, must always be largely controlled by the laws of sup-
ply and demand, yet this is the case to a greater extent
with some things more than others. For instance, many
varieties of fruit are of a very perishable nature, and in the
event of a large crop there is not time for proper distribu-
tion. On the contrary, good honey will keep indefinitely,
and even if we have a fair crop no glutting of the markets
need take place if it be properly distributed. As it is to-
day, a fair crop in one locality will often overload the near-
est market, even should there be a comparative failure of
the crop in other sections. This will at once bring to our
minds the paramount issue before the bee-keepers of to-day
— commercial organization. In this age, when the combi-
nation spirit is so rampant in the land, that some one has
suggested that " ten mills make one trust, ten trusts make
one combine," should be added to our tables of weights and
measures, I feel that we should be very careful how we
move in this direction. I have nothing to offer along this
line, indeed, it would be presumption on my part to do so,
as we are shortly to listen to a report from a committee
appointed to look into this matter. Nevertheless, I feel
sure that anything that will better the conditions of the
bee-keepers, and at the same time not violate the principles
of the Golden Rule, will receive the hearty support of the
majority of the members of the Association.

J. L. Byer.

Mr. Craig — This subject was under discussion in the
Canadian Bee Journal last season, but no definite conclu-
sion was reached. Mr. Byer's paper has left the matter as
we all see it. So far as the journals go, they receive their
information from the very best sources. The directors have
faithfull)- given reports, and every member of this Associa-
tion, and every reader of the Canadian Bee Journal, from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, have been kept posted with ref-
erence to the condition of the honey crop. The trouble lies
with bee-keepers who think to save money by staying out
of the Association and not taking the Journal. We have
suffered from press reports ; we can't control these. The
report sent out by the Associated Press last season came
from the hands of manipulators. Postal cards were re-
ceived by the leading bee-men of Ontario, asking tlie
amount of honey they had. Some were foolish enough to
reply to these. They had no business to reply. If the
house which sent them out wanted honey, and asked for
quotations, well and good ; but by telling them our business
we leave ourselves at the mercy of these men. I can't offer
any remedy except a honey exchange.

Mr. Sibbald said that he was a bee-keeper in summer,
and wholesaler in winter, so he had a chance to see both
sides. He pointed out that a dealer would not buy unless
he had an idea of the Province. It is important that some
one be ready to buy our honey, and to sell it we must give
the dealer some idea of the crop, so he can buy in a way to

make a profit. But beekeepers do give some funny reports.
For instance, one man writes in that he has 250 pounds per
colony, and you afterwards find out he has two colonies.
Another reports 15,000 pounds of honey, but it turns out that
he has 300 colonies. If we had a honey exchange we could
get a fair price all around, and dealers would rather deal
with a corporation. The market situation here is about like
this : For two years the crop was practically a failure.
Some who had crops, sold at a fair figure, and the dealers
made well on it. This made the dealers keen, and when
better years came the bee-men made well, but dealers
loaded up too heavily. Next year they are going to be
wary ; there are more bees in the Province than ever be-
fore, and if a good crop comes, look out for a big drop in
the price.

Mr. Couse — Buyers have a right to learn the supply.
Sellers want to learn the price. Our honey has to compete
with South American honey, Cuban honey, etc., which are
shipped to Toronto for manufacturing purposes, and buyers
need to be cautious.

Mr. Dickenson — In the British market our honey does
not compete with these southern honeys. They are for
manufacturing purposes. Ours is solely a table honey. In
Liverpool our honey commands twice the price that Jamaica
honey does.

Messrs. Couse, Holteriuann, Heise, Byer, Sibbald, and
others, pointed out that in Toronto our honey is in direct
competition with southern honeys. Large quantities are
used in manufacturing, and although superior as a table
honey it is no better for manufacturing than the others. It
is manifest then that so long as Canadian honey is crowded
into Toronto its price can not rise above that of the inferior
southern kinds.

Mr. Dickenson insisted that we should ship to England,
where it is appreciated for table use.

Mr. Evans — Manitoba and the Northwest is a good
place to ship. Send it candied in 10-pound pails. These
pails are very useful out there. But to save freight it is
almost necessary to ship in car-lots.

Mr. Chrysler — Our extracted honey is not all good table
honey. It should be graded, and let No. 2 honey compete
with outsiders ; No. 1 will bring a good price.

Mr. Holmes — What is the opinion of the convention
with reference to telling wholesalers how many pounds of
honey you have ? How would their question compare with
my asking how much money they have ?

Mr. Evans — Don't report a big crop enthusiastically,
nor conceal the fact of a failure.

Mr. Holtermann — The report of the best bee-men is not
a fair representation. Let the report be fair, and not in-
flated.

Mr. Chrysler — Give the yield per colony, and compare
with last year's yield.

(Coutiaued next week.)

Contributed Articles.

'vr^^'srvr-ffT'sr-gr'sf-si^

Getting Ready for the Next Season.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLK.

BY the time this reaches the readers of the American Bee
Journal, their bees will all be in winter quarters, and
they doubtless, as many another has done, well be ask-
ing themselves what next they can do to be best preparing
for another season. All who are truly bee-keepers will not
think of idling winter away, waiting for spring to come to
see what will turn up with the bees and their business, but
will be looking around immediately to see if it is possible to
be in better readiness than they were the year before, and
especially how they may be gaining more knowledge re-
garding their pursuit.

I do not think there will be a dissenting voice when I
say that the all-important point is a thorough knowledge of
apiculture. And if this is so, there is no better time to gain
that knowledge than the long winter evenings which are
now before us. Get around the back volumes of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and other bee papers and books, if you
have them, .and read them carefully and thoroughly, so as
to put what you learn in practice the next season, and thus
you will have just what you wish at your " fingers' end " in

40

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. IS, 1903.

the busy part of the season, when you would not have time
to ask questions or visit some bee-keeper to find out just
what you might wish to know. In this way anyone can al-
ways be advancing, instead of retrograding.

Don't be found around the country store or saloon on
winter evenings, sitting on dry-goods boxes and barrels,
filling the minds of others, or allowing your mind to be
filled with idle gossip, and often worse than idle gossip ; or
spend your time over an old, dingy checker-board, or musty
pack of cards, or the billiard table. These things are not in
place for an energetic, wide-awake bee-keeper, with plenty
of unread bee-literature at hand. "Read, study, think,"
should be our motto always, and especially at this season of
the year. And we will find only fun in these things, if we
are interested enough in our business to make a success of
it.

Then, during the daytime, we can be getting everything
ready that we wish to use during the next season, so it can
be put right where we want it at a moment's notice. The
first to get ready should be our supers or surplus arrange-
ments, so that we can set the whole on in one day, if neces-
sary, just when the honey-flow begins. Get these around,
and scrape off all the propolis adhering to them and the
separators, and all bits of comb, should there be any fas-
tened to any part of them. All bits of comb should be saved,
and to save them best the wax-extractor should be close at
hand, and all waste pieces of comb put into it during the
whole season. As often as it is full, get out the wax and
have it ready to fill again.

All sections that are partly filled with honey should
have the honey extracted from them, unless you will need it
to feed in the spring, as this honey will not be likely to cor-
respond in color or quality with that which the bees will
put in to finish out the sections the next season. To extract
this nicely, fix a shelf close to the ceiling of your room, put
the honey thereon and keep the room so warm that the mer-
cury will stand at from 90 degrees to 100 degrees for four or
five hours before you commence to take the honey out. By
placing the honey near the ceiling we do not need nearly so
much fire to heat it as would be required if placed on
floor or bench. These partly filled sections, if we tried to
extract them without warming, would be all ruined, so far
as the combs are concerned, and the apiarist's prospect of a
good yield of honey the coming season would be quite badly
damaged also ; for, according to my value, these are better
than money in the bank, and will give a greater interest.

After the honey is extracted, these sections are to be
put in the center of each super, as "bait-sections," thus
securing an early commencement of work by the bees in the
supers, and also so the full sections shall come off at once,
which, as a rule, makes the bees loth to enter a second lot.
I usually put in from two to eight of these baits, according
to the number I have in proportion to the colonies I expect
to run for comb honey the nextseason, when the rest of each
super is filled out with empty sections, each having a starter
of thin foundation in it, or fill the sections with full sheets
of foundation, as you prefer. Having the sections all nice
and each super filled and all complete, pack all nicely away
where they will be kept clean and free from dust till wanted
for use.

The next work is to secure the material for further sec-
tions, by buying or otherwise, and make it up. To arrive
at the number I wish, I allow ISO one-pound sections for
each old colony I expect to work for comb honey during the
next season, and after 30 years of experience I find this esti-
mate is not far out of the way. Of course, there are many
seasons in which I do not use them all, but when we have a
season like that of 1901 in this locality, with an average of
180 one-pound sections all complete, we are pleased to have
150 of them all prepared at the beginning of the season. It
is well always to be sure to have nearly enough, for it is far
better to have some left over unused, than to find ourselves
with not half enough when the honey season is in full blast.

Many put off this getting-ready part till spring, so that
they may know how their bees winter, but the one who ex-
pects to make a successful bee-keeper will not do this ; for
if the getting-ready part is put off till just before the honey
harvest, the result always shows a greater or less loss.

Having the section part all in readiness, we next come
to our hives, frames, covers, bottom-boards, etc., all of
which should be looked over, repaired or built new, just in
accord with the number of colonies we expect to increase to
the next season. Then having these all in readiness, we
next wire the frames we expect to use brood foundation in,
and put the foundation in also, so that this part will be in
readiness. Many put off this part, thinking that the bees
will not work this "old foundation " after it has been in the

frames for some months, but, rest assured, that the bees will
work this foundation just as well when wanted, as they
would had it been put in the frames an hour before placing
them in the hive. After having the frames thus prepared,
place the number you wish to use in each hive, and pack all
nicely away.

We are now done, all but the material for any experi-
ments which we may have planned to make, and we can get
this out to suit our fancy, and have all in readiness, by
which time probably spring will be upon us, and the bees
call us to the active duties of the season of 1903.

Now, after any have done as above, who have not been
in the habit of doing so before, they will find that they
have enjoyed the winter better than ever before, while at
the same time they have advanced more in the pursuit of
bee-keeping than they ever did in any two years before. If
they do not so find, then their experience will be entirely
contrary to that of many of our most practical apiarists.
Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Selling Basswood Honey to Consumers.

BY A. W. SMITH.

MY object in writing this article is to give my experience,
and try to find out if it is the same as the experience
of bee-keepers in other parts of the country.

The bee books and papers say, " Develop the home mar-
ket," and I have followed that advice so that from a market
of a few hundred pounds, 20 years ago, I now have a market
for from 6,000 to 8,000 pounds per year, and nearly all of it
is sold direct to consumers, or to retailers who sell it to con-
sumers, and it will probably average about 's comb and %
extracted each year.

I can sell raspberry, clover, buckwheat or goldenrod
honey, or a mixture of either two or all of them, and my
customers will be well satisfied ; but when it comes to the
basswood honey they will not take it at all, if they can get
any other ; and a mixture of even ten percent basswood
honey with any other kind I get will spoil the flavor of the
whole lot. If they have to take basswood honey because I
have no other kind for them, they are sure to tell me, when
they buy honey of me the next year, that they do not want
any more basswood, and they frequently tell me that they
gave away what they had, or else say they have most of it
on hand, because they did not like it.

Basswood honey is the whitest honey I get, and looks
very nice, and would sell well if it even had a fair flavor,
but its nice looks are a damage to the honey market, for
persons who are not in the habit of buying much honey will
buy some of that once, because it looks so nice, and, by the
time they have eaten that, they have concluded that their
folks " don't like honey, anyhow ; " and the chances are ten
to one that they will not buy honey again even when they
can get the choicest clover or buckwheat.

A large number (perhaps 40 percent) of my customers
prefer the buckwheat honey, but if they cannot get that they
will take any other kind I happen to have — except the bass-
wood — and be ready to buy again next year.

If a beekeeper desires to develop a good home market
with basswood honey he must have a different quality of
basswood honey from that which the bees get in this part
of New York State, or else have a different lot of customers
than those who buy honey of me year after year.

Perhaps some may think I am too much prejudiced
against basswood honey, but I have simply given the facts
as I have found them while developing my home market.

Sullivan Co., N. Y.

[See editorial comments on page 36. — Editor.]

«^

More on the Queen-Rearing Question.

BY DR. E. GAI,LUP.

IT seems that Mr. Alley is getting hot under the collar.
He saw his first queen in 1859, while I saw mine in 1835
— 24 years before.
I received two queens from him which he says were per-
fect in every way, yet in another place he says that they
were reared by a method he now condemns. First, they
were small and inferior in size, but the two Mr. Doolittle
sent were at least one-third larger than Mr. Alley's, and the
shape of the Doolittle queens was much more nearly perfect
than Alley's. The shape of the queens has a great deal to

Jan. IS, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

41

do with iny judgfmont in deciding their good or bad quali-
ties. See my article in a previous number on " The Shape
of (Jueens."

Mr. Alley says, " I do believe that fully 90 percent of all
the queens reared are as worthless as so many house-flies."

Now, I am so foolish as to think that is a more sweep-
ing condemnation of all (jueen-breeders, himself included,
than I ever thought of making. No one can place a finger
on' any article written by me where I have condemned queen-
breeders promiscuosly. I have only been telling how many
of the queens received have turned out, and explaining so
that the evil can be remedied.

See page 506 (1902), an article by W. H. Laws, a queen-
breeder of experience; and page 596, under the head of
•' Strong Colonies for Queen-Rearing." See also page 652, a
proposition to Mr. Alley by Edward Scroggin. Why not
take up with that proposition, Mr. Alley ? Are you afraid
that Jbut 10 percent of your queens would be good ? See
page 603 on " Rearing Queens," by R. J. Gary ; and also
page 493, under the head of '• Hand-Shake for Dr. Gallup."

When I said that Messrs. Alley and Doolittle complied
with the requirements, etc., I have to acknowledge that I
was mistaken. I supposed that Mr. Alley, having had
large experience, must know that a pint of bees could not
keep up the necessary warmth and amount of food for a
perfect queen.

As to his statement that good queens could not be
reared in a colony with a laying queen, how was it queens
reared before Mr. Alley was born managed to survive ? Do,
or did, all bees have their queens taken away before start-
ing queen-cells ? So far as my experience goes, with one
exception where queens were reared by natural swarming,
the first cells are sealed before the queen leaves the hive.
In natural superseding the egg is laid in the cell, and the
queen, when hatched, lives in the same hive with the old
one until she dies. We get the best of queens in that way.
I have had two instances where both have lived through the
winter together.

There is an item in the Pacific Bee Journal, credited to
a German journal — Deutsche Bienenzucht — which saj-s that
queens reared in natural-swarming time are always larger
and of greater longevity than queens reared from worker-
larvae. Now, whose theory does that correspond with, Mr.
Alley's, or mine? German writers are quoted as being well-
informed.

Mr. Alley says the talk about the umbilical cord —
"missing link " — is nonsensical, out of place, etc. Well, it
must be, if his statements are true, that queens reared in
small nuclei containing a pint of bees are equal to any
queens ever reared. He affirms ; I deny that statement,
positively. Now, Mr. Alley, it is just as far from my house
to yours as it is from your house to mine. Why was, or is,
that " missing link " attached to some embryos and not to
all? If I examine any number of queen-embryos during
swarming or superseding time, and all have that attach-
ment, it must have been placed there for some purpose.
Then, if we examine hundreds of cells built in nuclei, or
in any ordinary colony that we compel to rear a queen by
taking away the old one, and cannot find a single embryo
with that, something is lacking ; Nature makes no mistakes.

I has'e said heretofore that the embryo, after being
sealed up, draws sustenance or nourishment through that
tubular cord. This nourishment adds both size and long-
evity to the queen. Now, the reader will, I hope, understand
that in no case in all my observations on bees have I made
my conclusions from one sample or specimen, as Mr. Alley
accuses me of doing.

In the days of 1859 to 1860, Mr. Alley says there was no
"missing link." I venture the assertion that it was always
there, with properly-reared queens. I discovered my first
one just 43 years ago, and have been looking in vain for
one on all nuclei-reared queens ever> since. But in order
to bolster a false theory, he thinks it necessary to deny
facts. Falsehood and misrepresentation cannot disprove
facts. I wonder how, in the name of common-sense, he
could, after dissecting a cell to see whether there was an
umbilical cord, have the queen hatched, and assert that slie
was either perfect or worthless ? He is either compelled to
ignore the umbilical cord, or abandon the statement that
queens are as good reared in nuclei as those reared naturally
in strong, populous colonies.

It would be a peculiar coincidence if in rearing queens —
10 percent only being good, as he asserts — he did not have
two good colonies in his apiary. I said, years ago in the
American Bee Journal that all the colonies of an apiary
could be bred up to the same approximate standard of excel-
lence. Why does not Mr. Alley do so ? Is it to be wondered

at that his patrons do some tall kicking, as he says in his
article ? It wouU'. look to a man up a tree like a sort of lot-
tery business if only 10 percent of the 50,000 queens that he
boasts of were go^d. Mr. S. Q. Conkle, a neighboring bee-
keeper, says he received two queens from Mr. Alley of the
90-percent or "fly" class. I have heard of other parties
complaining of the same trouble. If he did not have com-
plaints it certainly is to be wondered at, so long as he advo-
cates rearing queens in small hives with but a pint of bees.

I suppose that it is a great comfort to Mr. Alley to build
a man of straw and call him " Gallup," so as to show the
reader how easily he can knock him down ; or to dress Gal-
lup up in bear-skins and try to set the dogs on him. Now,
if Mr. Alley does not know that falsehood and misrepresen-
tation is not argument, I do.

I am sorry that I brought Mr. Doolittle into this contro-
versy, but I hope he will survive. Mr. Sutton, a near neigh-
bor, says he had a splendid queen from Mr. Doolittle, and
different parties say that they have received splendid queens
from him. See my article in a late number on exchanging
queens with Dr. Hamlin, and the results, reason why, etc.

Did you know, Mr. Alley, that the one that kicks hard-
est demonstrates that he is the most guilty ? Only think,
90 percent of 50,000 worth as much as so many flies I No
wonder you kick. If I were as guilty as that perhaps I
might squirm a little myself, who knows ?

Orange Co., Calif.

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters \

Conducted bij ElWMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Honey for a Bad Coug-h.

The following is from the " Health and Beauty " depart-
ment of the Chicago Daily News :

" Equal parts of honey, olive-oil and pure home-made
wine made from grape-juice or currants, is both soothing
and strengthening for a bad cough."

Cleaning' Out Unfinished Sections.

On page 781 (1902) Mr. Bevins gives his plan for clean-
ing out unfinished sections, and says I may find all the fault
I please with it. Now, I am not going to find one word of
fault with your plan, Mr. Bevins. It is an ideal plan if you
can get your bees to empty out the honey and carry it down.
The trouble with the plan with us was that we could not get
the bees to do it with any degreeof certainty. Occasionally
they would do all right, but only occasionally, even with
an empty hive-body put on and the sections placed above
that, they seemed to think it was all right to let it remain
where it was.

I am sure we tried your plan most thoroughly before we
gave it up. We vranted a plan we could feel sure that every
drop of honey would be emptied out. With the robbing
plan you can feci perfectly sure that all will be emptied.
With us the other plan was too uncertain.

I wonder why your bees will carry the honey down, and
ours are so stubborn about it, for, as you say, it is an advan-
tage to feed where it is needed. I would go farther with
your criticism than you did, for I believe the colonies that
have plenty of stores get the most of the honey, as they are
usually the strongest. As far as feeding colonies is con-
cerned, it is not a very satisfactory way to do, but for get-
ting the sections emptied it is a success.

We would much prefer to use your plan if we could only
succeed in getting it to work. So far as I can see, we did
exactly as you did, and we even put on the empty hive-body
between, but they refused to take it down, and they needed
the stores, too. Is there some kink about it, or is this to be
laid to locality, too ?

I am very glad to know, however, that some one else
has had trouble along the same line. Does that sound sel-
fish ? Well, you know " misery loves company," and I con-
fess I felt better when I read, on page 811, this from the pen
of such able authority as Mr. Hasty :

"A beginner will say to me: 'Why not leave the
sections on the needy colony when you have got them there

42

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1903.

once ?' To make bees clean up combs placed over them and
carry down the honey, is one of the provoking' things of
apiculture — more frequently failure than success."

A Temporary Bee-Shed.

Perhaps our bee-keeping' sisters would like to know
how one of their number built a shelter for her bees. Well,
here is the story of that structure, which, by the way, was
more useful than beautiful :

Imitating the example of Gail Hamilton, I went out one
morning to build — not a barn — but a bee-shed. Like her, I
did not know exactly how to build my proposed edifice, but,
in her words, I could " keep up a mighty clatter till some
one should come that did know," which amounts to the same
thing.

In my case the carpenter had disappointed me about
coming to make the shed, and while waiting for him the
weather had suddenly turned cold. November winds were
howling, and, in this extremity, I went out to erect a tem-
porary covering for my bees wherewith to bridge over the
time till the carpenter should appear. Briefly, my architec-
ture was as follows :

I put a barrel at each corner of the hive, and as the hive
rests upon a bench, I was obliged, in order to make the
roof high enough, to lay thick boards from barrel to barrel
across the tops. Over all of this was placed a disused door
as a roof, while against the open spaces at the sides and
back, were leaned pieces of boards. And now, behold with
your mind's eye, the completed structure !

To use the words of Ovid, I did not know whether " the
workmanship surpassed the matertial," or, reversing the
sentence, whether the material surpassed the workmanship.
Doubtless the building would have disgusted a bee on ac-
count of not being hexagon in shape, but so far as my own
opinion was concerned, the barrels — or columns — even if
not of the Doric order, seemed to possess a proudly swelling
air, as if to assure me that I would be justified in hanging
out my shingle as a carpenter.

However, the shed served its purpose, although its mis-
sion was short, for in a few days the weather moderated,
and with the first warm rays of the sun came a man laden
with nails, hammer, and saw. Soon a bee-shed was made,
and soon the hive itself was prepared for winter.

Now I can gaze upon the whole aifair with satisfaction,
hoping that my bees will go safely through the winter, and
that when spring comes again the queen will be able to open
parliament under the most happy auspices. Vive la mere
abeille ! Kate V. Austin.

Wayne Co., Ind., Dec. 10.

Talk about women not being able to drive a nail 1
Well, here is a woman that can build a whole building with-
out driving a single nail. How's that ?

i ^ The Afterthought. ^

Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By E. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

OLD BLACK COMBS AND OUEEN-RBARING.

I guess A. C. F. Bartz is right, that old black combs
when cut are not built out again with nearly the readiness
which the new comb would be. But they build queen-cells
on the cut edge just as readily, or at least readily enough
for use. Page 761.

LATE STRAWBERRIES — BEANS, ETC.

Two quarts of fall strawberries for northern Illinois is
not only doing pretty well, but it is also one more of the
numerous evidences that the earth's weather has been un-
hinged somewhat for a year or more. I'm fond of lima
beans, and take much pains to have plenty. Last year, al-
though the plants grew luxuriantly, there was not a single
pod on a great part of them. And some that had pods had
no beans in the pods. This yearlimas bore the most beans
I ever knew them to. Sweet potatoes were just the opposite
— best I ever had last year, best in yield, and biggest pota-
toes. This year there was not one that could be fairly
called big enough to eat on a patch that looked finely as to

outward appearance — myriads of long, slender roots that
never fatted up. When ihefruit of plants is so variable we
need not be surprised that the nectar-flow varies. Page 763.

SHOCKED S\V.\RMS.

And now, on account of the shock of the shake when
the shaking is shocking. Shaker wants 'em called " shocked
swarms." A suggestion altogether shocking. I suppose if
you then put a shock of corn-fodder around them for winter
protection they'll be double-shockers. Page 765.

LIGHT IN THE BEE-CELLAR.

Yes, why not take a little pains to have the bee-cellar
so it can enjoy health-giving light so long as light does no
harm? But the fellow with the big " forgettery " might
forget to darken his cellar until after much harm has been
done. Page 771.

AN INDEX TO AN INDEX.

I fear Mr. F. L,. Thompson's index would itself have to
have an index. Page 772.

SCISSORS VS. KNIFE IN QUEEN-CLIPPING.

If I am right on the scissors versus knife question, it is
not the cutting off of the queen's leg, nor even half of a leg,
that is the main thing to be feared ; its a cutting off of a
foot, or a part of a foot. Some love their queens so well
that they don't want their feet to be in the condition in
which men's hands are apt to be in the buzz-saw and
shingle-machine regions. This is an old idea, and I was
not the starter of it when it did start. I think Mr. Doolittle
has spoken of it pretty freely — can't be sure. May have
been somebody else whose writing produced the strongest
impression on my mind. Somebody (whose suggestion I
will warmly second) says, hold a queen's wing in the blades
without clipping for a spell, and minutely watch results.
Ouick as a flash she will put a foot between the blades in
the effort to push the scissors away. Finding they cannot
be moved she takes it out ; but she will probably repeat the
effort a great many times. Her movements are so much
quicker than yours that seeing the coast to be clear is of no
avail. You order your hand to operate at the instant when
things are all right ; but the fraction of a second that has to
pass between the mental order and the hand's execution is
just the time when she pushes at the scissors once more and
gets a mained foot. And her master never (that is to say,
hardly ever) takes pains to know what he has done — never
mained a queen in his life. The proposition is that mathe-
matically it can't very ivell be otherwise than that a consid-
erable percentage of queens clipped with scissors in the
most common styles have a mained foot — and that Dr. Mil-
ler has a lot of them this minute. Hope the brethren will
" peel their eyes," and put on big specs, and just honestly
see once. As for me, I confess I don't knoiv. I only cogitate.
Page 771.

>VJV»v>vja>ji%j<

CONDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. SilLLER, Mareaso, 111,

[The Qttestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail. — Editor.1

Wants to Increase Fast.

I am desirous of increasing my apiary as fast as possi-
ble the coming season.

1. Would it be advisable to allow a colony to cast a
prime swarm, hiving it on the old stand, then divide the
frames of the old hive into 2-frame nuclei, allowing but one
queen-cell to each set of 2 frames ?

2. If advisable, how much time should elapse from the
casting of the swarm until dividing ? I wish to secure as
much honey as I can together with increase, and these
question are based on the supposition that swarming will
occur during May and June. Illinois.

Answeks. — 1. There is a sort of discrepancy in your
questions. In the first place you say you want to increase
as fast as possible, and afterwards that you wish to secure

Jan. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

43

as much honey as you can together with increase. There
is an old saying- : "You can't have your cake and eat it,
too." If you want to increase as fast as possible you must
give up the idea of surplus ; and if you want to secure as
much honey as you can, you must do little or nothing in
the way of increase. Answering your questions specifically,
it may be said :

1. The plan you propose will favor a good crop of
hbney. for it will leave all the foragers on the old stand,
but it will leave the nuclei rather weak. A little change of
program will not interfere seriously with the honey-crop,
and vpill leave your nuclei in better working order. When
the colony swarms, leave the old hive on its stand and set
the hive with the swarm as close beside the old hive as pos-
sible. A week later take away the old hive and use its
brood for nuclei, setting the swarm in place of the old hive.
The field-bfees of the mother colony will to a large extent
join .the swarm, but so many young bees will have hatched
in the old hive that the nuclei will be strong in bees.

2. As already said, the division will be made about a
week after the issuing of the swarm. Are you not setting
the swarming period rather early for northern Illinois?
You are just about as I am, and bees in this locality are
more likely to swarm in July than in May.

Langstrotli-Simpllcity Hives.

How many Langstroth-Simplicity Sframe hives are
made the same size ? The reason I ask this question is, I
sent to one firm for hives, and to another for extra supers
of the same size and make, but they didn't fit.

Wisconsin.

Answer. — It is an unfortunate circumstance that it
sometimes happens that two different concerns use different
measurements for things that go by the same name. Gen-
erally, however, there is a standard size for things that have
a recognized name, and a super professing to fit a L,ang-
stroth-Simplicity hive ought to do so, and in case it is by
some mistake of the wrong measurement you will probably
find that the manufacturer will be ready to rectify the error.

Queens Getting Through an Excluder.

On page 12, Charles M. Darrow says :

"I will have to call Dr. Miller's attention to the fact
that I had a laying queen that crawled through the queen-
excluder (a new one) and laid eggs in the extracting-super.
She was a good-sized queen at that ; of this I am positive."

From that, one would suppose that I had said some-
thing understood by Mr. Darrow to teach that such a thing
would not happen, and I wish I knew what it was. I should
expect a queen to pass up into an extracting-super in any
case where the perforations were sufficiently large. The
case is different with a section-super. It is a rare thing for
a queen to go up and lay in sections that are filled with
foundation, even if no excluder is used.

Cellar-Wintering Shaken Swarms— Extracting Amount

of Stores for Winter— Large Yields Catnip or

Sweet Clover.

1. I have 40 colonies of bees in the cellar, and the most
of them have plenty of honey now. The cellar is under a
part of the house where there is no fire. It is rather damp,
water standing in it every time it rains much, in the fall or
summer, but dry when it is frozen up. Now the point is,
how cold will I have to keep it ? It has been about 35 or 36
degrees since I put the bees in. My idea is that it would be
better to have it 38 or 39 degrees, as it is a damp cellar and
liable to mold the combs. What do you think about it ?

2. I don't want my bees to swarm naturally next summer.
Suppose I take two brood-combs, about May 25 or the first
of June, from each colony, with what bees that will stay on
them, and put them in an empty hive, then take 6 more
brood-combs from each colony, shake all the bees off of
them and put them in with the new queen. Don't you think
that would be all right for a shaken swarm ? By that time
the old colony would have 4 combs left in a 10-frame hive.

3. How many stories do you think a colony of bees
ought to have to extract from ? I extracted from the brood-
combs last summer, just having the lower story, and got 80

pounds of white honey. Could I have gotten more if I had
on one or two mofe sets of combs ?

4. I have a colony of bees with a super of sections on,
partly filled with honey, and the bees are all up in there.
Will the bees go down in the lower story when they eat the
honey, or will they stay up there and die ?

5. A bee-keeper here told me that a colony of bees ate
15 pounds of honey in October, 10 pounds in November, but
5 or 6 pounds would last them until the middle of March.
How much does a good colony of bees require each month,
from the first of November until the first of May ?

6. Do you think it possible to get from 250 to 300 pounds
of honey from one colony of bees, in one season ? It looks
rather big to me.

7. Which do you think is the better to sow around in by-
places for bees, catnip or sweet clover ? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I think there would be less mold, and the
bees would do better, if you have it warmer, say about 45
degrees.

2. The great trouble with the plan is that you could not
have queens of the best character by letting such nuclei do
all the work of queen-rearing. Until the young queens are
nearly ready to emerge from their cells, it is better to have
the cells surrounded by a strong force of bees.

3. With 10 frame hives, one upper story might do if you
extract often enough. If you do not extract till the
honey harvest is over, then enough stories should from
time to time be added so that there would never be any lack
of room for storing. From this you will see that the num-
ber of stories depends much upon the strength of the colony
and the goodness of the season. One story might be enough,
and five might be needed. It is quite possible you might
have had more honey with more room. If there were no
objection against extracting from the brood-combs, a suffi-
cient one would be that there is danger of throwing larvs,
and of spoiling the honey by throwing out the pap of the
young bees.

4. That depends. If it should be warm enough, they
will move down, providing, of course, that there is honey
below. If too cold they will die on the empty sections. You
could help matters by moving the hive into a warm room
(better at night) and giving them time to make the change,
of course fastening the bees in the hive with wire-cloth.

5. There is such a variation as to make it impossible to
give an exact answer. The practical point is to know what
will be safe. While one colony might use only 10 pounds
of honey from the first of November till the iirst of May,
another may use three times as much. It will do no hurt to
let the first have 30 pounds, but it would do a lot of hurt to
give the second only 10 pounds; so the wise plan is to give
too much rather than too little.

6. Oh, yes, there have been greater yields than that.

7. Sweet clover, if the ground is to be trodden down
much ; I don't know which, if the ground is protected.

Will the Bees Winter Well ?

The year just closing has been the poorest for bees and
honey of any year in the past 30, to my knowledge. My
bees built up strong and were put in their winter " over-
coats " in good shape, and left on the summer stands. I
say in good shape, but others may differ from me in regard
to ventilation, which is only at the entrance, narrowed down
to 7 inches long by -s inch wide, and 2 inches of sawdust on
all sides and top. Have I done right to have the bees win-
ter well ? Or should I have gone around and cracked the
tops all loose and put something under them to give upward
ventilation ? I know this has been advised by many old
heads, but is this correct? I have my doubts, and think
the bees know best, else they would not be so sticky in warm
weather when they will persist in sticking up every crack
and crevice, no difference how warm the weather. And the
closer the top of the hive is stuck up, the warmer it will be,
and the more honey you will get. So? Illinois.

Answer.— So far as possible the covers of my hives are
all left glued tight. But, then, my bees are wintered in the
cellar. If they were wintered outside, I should want some-
thing else than a single board over them — either under or
over the board — something to keep them warm. The bees
are warmer with all glued tight, so long as all keeps dry.
But if a lot of moisture from the bees should settle and
freeze on the cover, and should then thaw again and corne
dripping down on the bees, they might be worse off than if
the moisture had been allowed to escape.

44

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1903.

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To parties sending us an order for Supplies amounting^ to $10 iio or more, at regular prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals: Gleanings in Bee Culture (semi-monthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly ) 70c. List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -wrriting.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

Retail and Wholesale.

This foundation is made by a process that
produces the superior of any. It is the clean-
est and purest. It has the brightest color and
sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, be-
cause it has the thinnest base. It is tough,
and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to
the pound than any other make.

Working: tvax into Foundation
fof Cash a Specialty. KeesAvax
always wanted at liigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES
with prices and samples, FREE on applica-
tion.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

please ■~iRntion Bee Journal ■when. *WTi1,iiig.

■5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

"■ \ill piet^ent you with the Iti-.st gi.% you
[I to eturt you in a noud payiiij; husi-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to bepin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, ills.

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

And How to Qrow Them.

The best boolc on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells how to grow the biggest
crops of big berries ever produced. The bool^
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to malse plants bear Big Berries
and Lots ofThem. The only thorough-
bred scientifically-grown Strawberry
Plants to be had for spring planting. One
of them is worth a dozen common scrub
plants. They grow BIG KKD KKRRIKS,
The book is sent free to all readers of the
American Bee Journal. Send your address to

R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.

3D6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

jThe Cyphers

Irvcubator

^Alf Bl is the one incubator wbich differs from
c'„ ii' jBI all others. It is the only machine of
Supplied I • this kind which is nvadeontherenowned
Moisture! Cyphers Plan, which embodies thegreat-

est discovery of modern times in the field of successful incu-
bation by artificial means. To know just how much bft-
ter they nre than any others you should get a copy
ofournewl9U» Book, *'llow- to Make Moiify With
I'oultry and Ineiibators," It devotes much space to
this subject and has chapters on the different profitable
branches of poultry keeping, duck growing-, broiler raising,
e^g farming, winter production ofwinter chickens and roast-
ers, etc.,al'l by the best experts in-thiscou-ntry. Photographic
views of largest poultry plants from all over the United
States. England, Germany, Holland, New Zealand and
other foreign countries. Send 10c for book No. 5»topay
postage I'lMpage book, 8x11 inches, is free.) Circulars free.

Cyphers Incubator CompaLny,

Buffalo, N.Y., ( Dica--<>, III., ltftbton,31as>i.f New York, N.Y.

Please mention Bee Journal wbea wi'ltlsa

IT IS A FACT

Tkat our line of Eee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best g-oods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our sugfjesiions, our catalog- and our
discounts for winter lime orders— all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washing-ton St., Indianapolis, Ind.

4'}A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty striclcen are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON,
227 E-4ST Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

WSKH^,

Mnlh's Special the Best [

Cover and Bottom-Board L

Warp- Proof. T

Finest lumber and workmanship. Cost us L
more, but we sell at same price as regular. ^

Send for Cat.\log, and See Our Special ^
Inducements. w

THE FRED W. MLTH CO. ►

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. W

Froat A: Walnut Sts., CINCI NN ATI. OHIO. L

Please mention Bee journal when writing

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

at*. >t<

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. W Es^"r7^

*^ CASH — for best yel

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.

Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

The "Charge" of Dr. Gallup.

Just see the Dr. Gallup

On a wild and ruthless charge.
To wreck the reputation

Of the queen-breeders at large.

All methods give us worthless queens.

Excepting his alone.
And this the Doctor hurls at us

In no uncertain tone.

But in a sortie up H. Alley —

Which proved to be not blind —
He found it hot on either side,

And hotter still behind ;

And ere he reached the end of it

He ran against a Root
Which " shook " him up in Ernest,

And barred his way, to boot.

And alter all the Doctor's said.

And all the Doctor's done,
I doubt it from his favorite plan

One queen-breeder he has won.

From their years of wide experience

His charges seem so brittle.
That to change the course of queen-breeding

He surely will Doolittle.

And he must think he's bullet-proof,

Or else he is a '• Shriner,"
To face the great guns of the craft.

Including Brother Greiner.

Volusia Co., Fla., Dec. 15, 1902.

Ginseng Growing and Bee-Keeping.

In reply to F. Durant's question on page
S12, I would say, as a rule, it takes ginseng
seed IS months to germinate and grow, and
when the plant is 5 years old it is at its best
stage to dig for market.

I generally stratify the seed for 12 months,
and then plant. I get best results in this way.
I have been cultivating ginseng for some
years. It is easy tocultivate, and goes well
with bee-keeping. It takes some time to get
started in business, but after once started, by
planting the seed every year you can have a
nice bed of roots to harvest every year, and at
present prices it is quite profitable.

W. G. M. Shaffer.

Berkeley Co., W. Va., Dec. IS.

Little Queens— Robbep-Bees.

1 hatched out seven queens from a mother
direct from the Island of Cyprus. One queen
was so small but for her form she could
scarcely be distinguished from the workers.
I removed a black queen from a hive and in-
troduced her. In two weeks she was as large
and line a queen as you would wish to see,
and a splendid layer.

For prevention of trouble from robber-bees
I always use cheese-cloth (cheapest grade).
I cut the pieces so as to tit tight over the
front of the hive, and draw it back and tack
on the sides. It gives plenty of ventilation.
I use it on hot-beds and cold frames. It is
cheap, and with care will last many seasons.
O. M. Blastos.

Washington Co., Wiss.

A Poor Year for Honey.

I am well pleased with the " Old Reliable "
for the year that I have taken it, and think it
a very good investment. While the past year
has been a poor one for honey, I have learned
some new things.

I have y9 colonies on the summer stands,
some in good shape and some in poor shape.
The bees gathered honey here only the first
and second weeks in .luly to amount to any-

Jan. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

45

Counting Chicks Before Hatcliing

IOWA

ROUND
INCUBATOR

R. C. Bftuernilnster, Norwood, Minn., got493<^'hicke
from MS e^KS. He followed directions, the ma-
chine did the work, because it was built on right
principles and by pood workmen. The IOWA
has fiber-board cose, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect.
Our free book gives more testlnionials and full
particulars. Everything about incubation free.

lOVA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 198.DES MOINES, IOWA

ORIGINAL.

WewereweiiTint' 1'
years before any utlu ^ .....v ...,^, ,„...., ..„., .., ^,.
Ifetence, was in busiuess. We are weaving It vet.
PAGK WOVEN WIUK KENCECO., A KUIAN.iMiril,

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are interested la Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

W^ool Markets and Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foreaiost and all the time.
Are you interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS ANO SHEEP. CHICABO. ILL.

T^DpEGROWN Sa^.llS^SJ^?
r* rorr ourbook

r ,., r r lAir "owTOGRow

7REIGHTpaV^« '^"-L rRu,T
TITUS NURSERYnemahanes

Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Great Poultry Book Kree '. — I In an-
other pa^e of this issue of our paper will be
found a new season's advertisement of the
Cyphers Incubator Co., Bullalo, N. Y. We
wish to point out to those of our readers who
have seen their annual books and catalogs in
the past, that the New Year Book for 1003, en-
titled " How to Make Money with Poultry
and Incubators," now beinf; sent out, is in
every way superior to its predecessors. Every-
thing is made so plain that it can be under-
stood by all. Those of our readers who have
never seen a "Cyphers" Annual Guide, and
are interested in the latest developments in
incubators, brooders, poultry food and appli-
ances, should write at once to the Cyphers In-
cubator Company's nearest office, Buffalo,
N. ¥., Chicago, 111., Boston, Mass., or New
York City, N. Y.. and they will send a copy
free, postage paid (during uext 30 days only)
providing you mention the American Bee
.Journal.

Catnip Seed Free!

We have a small supply of fresh,
clean Catnip Sked on hand, and will
mail free, two ounces of it, to pny
present paid-in-advance subscriber of
the American Bee Journal for sending
us One New Subscriber for one year
with $1.00.

Two ounces of this seed will give
you a good start of one of the best
honey-producing plants known. We
will also send to the new subscriber
on this offer the rest of this year's
Journals free. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO,ILL.

Please tueution Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

thing, but the prospects are good for a good
crop of honey next season, if the winter is not
bad on while clover. The fields are well
covered with it. S. A. Palmer.

Henry Co., Ohio, Dec. "24.

A Poop Honey Year.

We had a poor year here, although the fall
was beautiful. No cold weather until to-day.
The few bee-men 1 know say the nights were
too cool and dews too heavy for bees to gather
much honey. Those who had combs already
built, and extracted what was brought in, got
a moderate amount. I tried for comb honey,
and had no combs built, so got very little.

P. T. Lbma.ster.

Spartanburg Co., S. C, Dec. '26.

Osmosis and Atavism.

I wish you would get some of your con-
tributors to write an article on Osmosis, and
so shut off reference to the *' umbilical cord "
in bees. It is a very interesting study, and I
should enjoy seeing it followed.

I note Cheshire declines to consider the
legs which appear for so short a time on the
larva as referable to atavism. Can you tell
me what theory is accepted ; (See Cheshire,
Vol. 1, page 340.)

By the way, 1 have a very simple plan for
amateur introduction of queens which I have
found useful. Shall I send you a sketch ;
George W. Adams.

Essex Co., Mass., Dec. 2ti.

[ Perhaps Prof. Cook will help out on the
subjects suggested.

Y'es, we will be glad to publish your method
of introducing (jueens. — Editor.]

A Surprising Season— Feeding Bees.

Last season was one of surprises all through.
It began with a fair promise of another
drouth equal to the previous year, or, even
worse; but May 3 we were surprised with the
heaviest rain that had visited us for about two
years, and the rains kept right on surprising
us once or twice a week all through the sea-
son. September 13, Jack Frost surprised
about GO percent of the corn before it was
ready for it, and killed what honey-producing
flowers remained, cutting off as nice a flow of
honey as I ever knew at any time of the year.

I started the season with 21 colonies, very
light in stores; I fed them right along until
well into June, when they were able to care
for themselves. The first two weeks of July
they stored about 200 pounds of white clover,
partly basswood, in the sections, and did con-
siderable swarming. Then the honey-flow
stopped— I supposed for good, on account of
the wet weather, but from August 21 to Sep-
tember 10 the bees surprised me by storing a
good 1000 pounds of honey in the sections,
besides all of them laid in plenty of stores in
the brood-chamber for winter. My "round
up'' for the season is 1200 pounds of honey,
and an increase to 32 colonies, all strong in
bees, and heavy with winter stores.

I lay the strength of the colonies to the
feeding in the first part of the season, which I
did in this way :

I secured a lot of empty fruit-cans, from
half a pint to a quart capacitj' each; filled
them with granulated-sugar syrup, placed a
thick cloth over the top. and a small piece of
board over that, then turned the whole bot-
tom up on boards laid over barrels on the
opposite side of my shop from the apiary, so
the bees could lly over or around the shop to
get at the feed. There being no other bees
kept nearer than two miles as the bee flies,
I had no trouble with neighbors' bees, and, I
will add, not a single case of robbing, as I
have had when trying to feed inside the hives;
and not a colony injured by wax- worms this
season.

While this method of feeding is not "ac-
cording to the books," it has proven very suc-
cessful, and perfectly satisfactory with me. I
made the syrup quite thin, so the bees could
suck it out through a cloth. Of course, I re-
moved the cans on days when the weather
was not suital-ile for the bees to fly.

Besides looking after my bees, I have made

PRAVING

Our 111

I lUs •

sprayers i

Hand. Knapsack. Bucket.
Field, Barrel, and Power

FTTnyers, twenty Ftylei*. Hon t nozzles
mailo. attachmpntu, rnrniulnf* etc.
Select the i.sefuIimlreliahl-.C.italot; free

THE DEBONG CO.. Salem, Ohio.

Wntem agenU, Uenion if- lludbfU ,CI\irago,lH.

Please mention Bee Journal -when -writlna

^ BJSE^^POULTRY^ BOOK

^*f^ pOBtpuid, 10 cents. Calendar for I90.'i on cover.
^^a^ B. H. GREEDER, RHEEMS, PA.

Please mention Bee Journal -when "writine.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than aay other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

D

ON'T PAY MONEY

tor an incubator you
have not tried, when
you can get the best,
Koyal Incubator, on|
30 days free trial. It is entire-
ly automatic and certain in

results. Trj one. Catalogue free.

ROYAL INCUBATOR CO.,
Dept. 1% Des Ilolnes, Iowa.

•=as<* mention Bee Journal "wnen ■wntina

IS GOOD MONET

SHEEP MONEY and i

f you work for us. We will start you iq
usinees and furnish the capital. Work
trht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
ne of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Chicago. IIU.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for

3Atf R H. SCHMIDT & CO , Scheboygan.Wis.

IB MONEY IN POULTRY

For the Next 30 Bays Only,

we MiUmailourlhievaluablel-oultry

BookFIiEE. Tells you all about poultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
efrcs; contains colored plate of fow'lg '

B

Send 1

c for

aWni

jBUge.

JOHN BAUSCHER, JR.,Bo]t 94, FREEPORT, riL.

3ntion Bee Journal -wt-en wntjoe*

PreYent Honey Candying

HENRY "alley, Wenham, Mass.

51Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

TheSure Hatch's Latest

.■ubH

any
made

villi

.taloj^anrt free t
"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO..
Clay Center, Neb,, or Columbus, Ohio,
flease mention Bee Journal -when wt itma.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this "Emerson" no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144& 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, II#I*.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

46

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1903.

&6(f(

There ^va-s

y rrva^de by Fa.rrrvers
ers irv 1902

luiy ofihu United States. 1903
- d seed is scarce — buy early.

Johnson & Stokes' Garden and Farm Manual

for 1903 illustrates by photographs and describes some of the greatest Money Bringers ever
Shall we send you a copy?_ It is free. Sparks* Earliana Tomato has no competition

nore morn
\d Ga.rder

year in the hi
=scel it.

copy.' It IS free. Sparks' Earliana Tomato h

in the extra early class — enormously productive of large, fine,
smooth, solid fruit. Has made more ha.rd ca^sh for our custom-
ers than anything ever before introduced by any seedsman.
Pkt. 20c. oz. $1.00. ' Our Manualis illustrated by direct

photographs and is free, shall we send you a copy?
Johnson & Stokes, 217-213 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa.

u

Please mention Bee Journal ■when -writing

FOR THE BEST

IfllVKS, SnOKER!^, EXXRACrORS, FOIIx^MAXIOr*-

AND ALI

... XjEJ^II"2" IV^FO. CO.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

Sits loss 25ni son

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 fl.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.S0 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI .

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

£very Chicken HBan Needs

a green bone cutter.

The Adam

nlone is ball bearing, it cleans itself,
it cannot become clogtred or choked,
it is fed at the pleasure of the oper-
ator. You will want to know o£ it,
Rend for our Illustrated Catalogne
No. 9 before you buy. Sent Free.

W. <l. ADAM, Joiiet, Ills.'

Flease mention Bee Journal ■wlien 'writlnfr

JW'""H^Jgfe^HERCQ.Ig'J«,ISPRIN0Fi»9^>.iO.

Mease mention Bee Journal when writina

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

ew Co work for 118. Cow keepera al.i aya
We start you in busioess. You make
large profilfl. Easy work. We furnish capital, bend
lOctnta for full lire of Bamplefland yiaitirulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago. Ills.

Please mention Bee Jnumal -when -WTitlii&

Headquarters FO" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. I,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog. ^

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal -wnen ■'vrit'ive

Please Mentiou the Bee Journal

•wlifen writing
Advertisers,*,

it my business to chase up the hens, about 135
of them, and have <rathered and sold eggs to
the amouat of S83. HJ, besides what were used
[U the family, and raised chickens.

I was greatly shocked and pained to learn
of the tragic death of Dr. A. B. Mason. Of
course, I knew him only in bee-literature, and
as a lover of bees, and respected him as such,
as 1 am inclined to feel toward all men— and
women, too— engaged in that business.

A. F. FOOTE.

Mitchell Co., Iowa, Dec. 15.

Gpowing Ginseng.

In reply to F. Durant, on page 812, I will
say: It takes ginseng seed 18 months to ger-
minate. For instauce, seeds gathered and
planted in the autumn of 1903 will not come
up until the spring of 1904. The roots will
reach their best size in six years from seed,
when they should be taken up and dried.
Young plants begin to bear seed when two
Tears old. C. W. Bradish.

Lewis Co., N. Y., Dec. 33.

Lost in Winter and Spring.

There was a general loss of bees last winter
and spring, with nearly every one that had
bees. I lost all my colonies but one, and it
was very vveak ; I got no surplus honey from it
until in the fall. Nearly all others were in the
same way. Cold winter and late spring were
the cause of loss and failure ; the bees are in
belter shape tor winter now than they were a
year ago. We hope they will do better next
year than they have for two years past.

H. M. Shekfet.

Washington Co., Tenn., Dec. 29.

A Report from Washington.

I started last spring with 7' colonies, which
were on the place I bought. I paid S2.00 a
colony. I took hold of them .June 1. and to
my surprise I found them in very poor condi-
tion— they had apparently had very poor
attention, combs built iu every which way,
and too late in the season to straighten them,
so I concluded to let them alone until next
spring, when I shall try to put them in proper
shape.

I have the black bee, or nearly so, but will
improve the stock just as soon as I can. I
increased to 14 colonies, and, as near as I can
tell, they are all in good condition, with
plenty of stores to winter. Bees are wintered
on the summer stands here, without any pro-.
tection, with only a little chaff on top to keep
them dry. My bees have Ijeen Hying almost
every day up to this time.

.ludging from what my bees did the past
summer, and from what I can learn of those
that have kept bees here in the past, I would
call this a fairly good bee-country.

Two of my colonies proved to be of no
account, or at least did not store any surplus.
So from 5 colonies, spring count, I received
over MO well-filled sections of nice, white
honey, as nice as I had when keeping bees in
Chicago. I can sell it right here in town at
13' .J cents a piece or section.

Our principal honey-plants are alfalfa and
sweet clover. Our honey season here is a
tritle longer than in Chicago. We get our
surplus from June 10 to the middle of August.

I shall try to increase from year to year, and
if I find the business profitable I may devote
all tqy time to bees in a few years.

I certainly love to be around bees. It makes
my heart glad to hear their hum. I do wish
you could be with me about the middle of
April, when my 10-acre apple-crchard is In
full bloom — everything white with blossoms;
it is a sight to behold, and to hear the '• Hum
of the beesin the apple-tree bloom,'' a regular
bee-paradise.

1 enjoy the old American Bee Journal as
much as ever, and would not like to be with-
out it; if anything, I read it with greater in-
terest since I am out here than I ever did be-
fore. Wm. Miller.

Y'akima Co,, Wash., Dec. 9.

I Mr. Miller lived in Chicago until last
spring, when he removed to Washington. He
was one of our intimate neighbors, and was

Jan. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

47

very successful with bees. In fact, we do not
recall any one else who was such ii suceessful
bejciiiner as was Mr. Miller. We wish him
anil his delightful family all kinds of good
luck in their new and far-away home. — En.]

CONVENTION NOTICE.

New York.-Tbe annual meeting of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1O03.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

$ I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

r

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincyllll

Please ment

The White Mfg. Co.

wants to sell you your Supplies. Send for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free. Best goods for best
prices. Address,

THE WHITE MFG. CO.

3A4t BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien ■writing

E INVITE all readers of the Amer- 0
ICAN Bee Journal who seek a col- 49
lege for themselves or friends to inves- &
tigate a

w

MoiintUnionCollege |

Our motto lu all departments is **IMax-

efficif

I cost.

Our scbolastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.

Send for catalog.

MOUNT UMOX COTjI.KGI:, 69

Alliance, Ohio. il

fi^QQSQ^QSS^Q^Q&SQQQSQQ

wnen WTitJx.c

POULTRY PAYS

■when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For batrbing; and broud-
inp use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee,

THE ORMAS ►^

I*. A. Benta, Lteonlcr, Indiana

46A20t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping
Device Free....

The MoNKTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing' for use Izi
catching and clifpmg Queeaa
wings. We mail it fcr 25 cents;
or will send it FREE as a pre
mium for sending as ONE NEW
subscriber to the Bee Journal roi
a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we wtU
mail the Bee Journal one yeau
c.Dd the Clipping Device. Address,

OEORQE W. YORK & CX)MPANY.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

l-lb Keystone

...Uooey-Jars

These are clear flint g^lass jars hold-
ing just one potind, and the shape of
a keystone. They are 7;s inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax or paraffin. We can fur-
nish them in single gross lots, with
corks, f.o.b. Chicago, at $3.50 ; two
gross, $3.25 per gross ; or five or more
gross,, at $3.00 a gross. These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about. We have only a few
gross of them left. So speak quick
if you want them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

The Iowa Round Incubator.— When

the Iowa Round Incubator was first intro-
duced there was considerable discussion con-
cerning the radical departure it made in incu-
bator construction. Incubators had been
made square so long that people were in-
clined to think that was the proper way to
build them. Then the proprietors invented
the catch-line, "No cold corners," and at
once thinking people began to understand the
advantage of an incubator in which the tem-
perature could be kept exactly at the same
degree in all parts of the egg-chamber.

While the principle was always right, and
the Iowa has been a success from the very
tirst, a constant elTort has been made to im-
prove the construction of them. The heating
apparatus, the regulator, the ventilation were
all perfected, but it was felt that the liability
of wood to shrink, swell, warp, crack and
split left something to be desired in the way
of material from which to construct the case

Wood bijlits Kasily
or body of the machine. Metal would not do,
for it expands and contracts under varying
temperatures, and corrodes under all circum-
stances. Finally ■■ trunk board," a fiber board
used for making trunks that cannot be
smashed, was hit upon. This trunk board is
capable of being bent so as to make 'the case
of the Iowa Round Incubator one solid piece
except where the ends are joined together.
Trunk board does not shrink, swell, warp or
crack, and it cannot be split even with an ax.
It is water and air proof and yet light and
strong. No material ever invented is so, per-
fectly adapted to the use to which it is put as
is trunk board for the Iowa Round Incubator.
They have just published a little book tell-
ing all about their incubators and brooders,
which contains mtich valuable and interest-
ing information. This book together with
other printed matter, will be gladly sent to
any of our readers who will ask them for it
and mention this paper. All requests should
be addressed to Iowa Incubator Co., Box 19^,
DesMoines, Iowa.

$300,000,000.00 A UM

and yi.ni may have part cf it If you woik
for iK'i. T'ncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOc* for Bamplesaud partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

business. Draper PubIl&tilQKCo.,CblcaEO,lll.
entioa Bee Journal -when "wrlttaz

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Jl«i«l«l«i*i»i«

iViQQQSSSQQSQS

Chicago, Jan 9.— The demand is not more
than usual; hence sloclcs are sunicient, espe-
cially as Cuba has now comb honey on this
market. This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as it obvi-
ates the necessity of laying- in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw from in the
winter and spring months. The best grades of
white conil) sell at 15(W16c per pound, with
travel stained and light amber. I.ifail4c: darker
grades, luwi.; Extracted, 7(asc for white, and
ii^Tc tor ambers. Beeswa.'c steady at.30c.

R. A. Burnett <& Co.

Albany, N. Y., Jan. ".—Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb. IS cents;
mi.xed, 14c; buckwheat, 13(9il4c. E.xtracted,
white, ~fj''Ac; dark and buckwheat, 7w7Hc.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
here. H. R. Wright.

Boston, Oct. 20.— Our honey market remains
firm, with good demand and fair stocks on
hand. Honey is not coming forward as fast as
usual, and the tendency of prices is steady. We
qucte our market as follows: Fancy white 1-
pound sections in cartons, Ifjc; No. 1, 15c; No.
2, very light supply, 14c; glass-front sections
generally one cent less than this. E.xtracted,
light amber, 8c; amber, 7Mc.

Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24 sections, $i 50; No. 1 at $3.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3 25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Kc. Beeswax, 27(Si30c.

C. C. Clemons &. Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 7-The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S}i(i'lj\^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8(g.9Hc. Fancy white comb
honey, 16fa>17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 29(ffi30c.

The Fred W. Mhth Co.

New York, Dec. 23.— The market on comb
honey is dull and inactive. While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at ISc; No. 1, 14c; No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from 10tol2c. Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. "Mc; light am-
ber, 654@7c; dark, 5!-^(a'6c. Keeswax firm at
from 28@29c. Hildreth & Seqblkew.

Cincinnati, Jan. 3.— The comb honey mar-
ket is a little quiet, almost everybody being
filled up. As there is hardly any new supply
in, there is no change in prices, viz.: Fancy
water-while, 16c; off grades less. The market
for extracted white clover shows a slight ad-
vance. Fancy water-white brings S%Cq,'^c: al-
falfa water-white, b%<S,T)ic; amber, in barrels,
S]i@5Hc. Beeswax, 27(a»28c.

C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, Dec. 17.— White comb honey,
llK@12i^c; light amber, 10@llc; dark, Siabi^c.
Extracted, white, 6gi6J^c; light amber, tasiic;
amber, M^^lic. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26®275^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.

The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing points at bottom price. Small lots of
choice honey that can be used in local trade
bring more. Quotations here given are current
prices to producer, f.o.b. shipping point, on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.

HONEY ;

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Klease ir.entiOL Bee Journal ■when ■writing

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when •writuia.

48

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. IS, 1903.

iQSQQQSQQSQSQSQQQO^ ^ia^ia,.V!.se^ia,^i^ia,jgm.3a,ji^iamja^ia,ss^^

BEE=KEEPERS,

Save Money by Buying

Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,

Smokers,

THE W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

S^ Our goods are guaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.

Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of

THE AHERICAN BBE-KEEPER,
a monthly for all bee-keepers ; SOc a year.
(Now in 12th year. H. E. Hili,, Editor.)

tW W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottingha .
N- H., carries a full line of oar goods at
catalog prices. Order of him and save
freight.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM, Parwell. Mich.

Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made o£ the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
maizes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which is an important thing with honey-
sellers.

We can furnish these jars, f .o.b. Chicago,
at these prices : One gross, $5.00 ; two gross,
$4.7' a gross; five or more gross $4.50 per
grofc

It >u try them once you will likely use no
other jind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey ars.

*■ JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M« dl 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, HU.

BEE=SUPPLIES!

l-rS <j00o,s y]

l^AT ROOTS /=>R/C£\.

„ _. g used by bee-Keepers

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Pro
service. Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALGIi FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

r'alifnt*ni!l ? If yon care to know of Iti
V/aillUrilld 1 Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

Tbe Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - SANFRiNcisco.CAi,

WE WANT WORKERS

BO.VB, Girla. uldandyounKaliko,
' " By working ior ub.

pital to start you m bosl-

BOYS

26ttl
Year

Dadant's Foundation \\^

V farnlahci
afl 10c BUmpa or flUver for full

work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,Cliicato,ili,

Wf» 0-mir*int*»*» ^nticfjirf inn What more can anybody do? beauty.

we gudranLcc ,:7d.usiciCLion. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa,

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

"Whv doe< it sell Sn well? ?«<:ause it has always given better satls-
ry liy UUC» IL »C11 »U WCll r faction than any other. Because in is years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS »'

J^J^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, f 1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, «

tiamllton, Hancock Co., Ill L

We Beg to Announce the

flk m% Edition of the " A B C of Bee-Culture.'

> 85th Thousand.

This is a book of over 500 pages, like some of the previous editions, has been brought
clear up to the times. Even brushed and " shooked " swarms are mentioned and described
under the head of " Swarming." The latest methods of bottling honey are given under the
head of " Extracted Honey." A new list of honey-plants, especially those found in the South
and tar West, particularly thote that are big yielders of honey, have been incorporated, and
many new engravings have been inserted here and there.

If there is any particular feature in which this edition is different from all others, it is in
the fact that it is written to conform to nearly every locality in the United States. When the
book was put out.in 1S7S, the instructions were intended more particularly for those who lived
in the North Central States. But the several trips of the reviewer over various portions of the
United States from time to time have led to some moditications here and there — particularly de-
tails of management. The subject of Swarming, for instance, has been modified to Bt the con-
ditions as they exist in Texas, California, and the far West, as well as the Eastern and Central
States of the North. Several new articles have been inserted. Among them is one on Locality.
This chapter goes into detail showing how one State or Province differs from another; and how
methods of management must be varied to fit special conditions.

The subject of Wax-Presses has been thoroughly overhauled,
showing rendering and pressing in open air, in hot water, and in
steam.

In the matter of Wintering, again special instructions are
given for the Southern and Western bee-keeper where wintering
protection is not necessary, but where there is danger of starvation.

The biographical department has been largely revised, and
new subjects have been added to take in some of those bee-keepers
who have lately risen to prominence in the bee-keeping world.

The picture gallery, while it has some of the old well-known
views, has a number of new ones, particularly some in the West
and South.

. As usual the book has been enlarged, and, altogether, we
are putting out for 190:i an edition that is new from cover to cover,
or is as nearly such as it could be if it were written during the lat-
ter part of 1902, word for word, paragraph for paragraph through-
out the entire book. The fact that it has been kept standing in
type during all these years has made it possil:)le to make changes
anywhere at any time when necessary.

Price, in cloth, by mail $1.20; or clubbed with Gleanings in
Bee-Culture one year, both post-paid, %\.~h.

The A. I. Root Company,

p. S.— This book may be bad of any deale
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.-

MEDINA, OHIO.

B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^HicAjiMLLT''

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog^.

Improving the Race of Bees.

ADRIAN QETAZ.

"Missing Link" in ^neen-Rearing.

DR. E. QALLUP. ^//'^^^^'^'''''C,'./,

■ KQlMr' •-

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JAN. 22, 1903.

No. 4.

o^, ,1!»0;?%

..-^^S^-,

50

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

144 & (46 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS.

R, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Ijabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one .side — Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i'*OLL Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— Wheo orderiug-, be sure to say just what name and

address you wish put ou the Kuite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a uovelty The noTelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
I rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-'Steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usag-e.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the ''Novelty " is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad»
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling", and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the "■ Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting- memento could a mother
grive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying- cu' piv^es a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as th^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $3-00.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK & CO.

ffiTPlease allor* "^bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilie<i.

Chicago, UL

An Italian Queen Free

IN MAY, 1903

To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.

We wish to make a liberal offer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid ia advance. It is this: We will send you FREE by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending- us $1.00 and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you 7Sc.

We are booking orders for Oueens now for next May delivery. Will
you have one or more? This offer ought to bring in many orders. Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.

Address,

George W.York & Co.. 144 East Erie St., Chicago, 111.

^^^^^ERICAgr^^^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 22, 1903,

Na4.

^ Editorial. ^ I

The Pure-Footl Bill has passed the
National House of Representatives by a vote
ol 73 to 21. It prohibits the introduction into
any State or Territory of any article of food
or drug which is adulterated or misbranded.
Having gone through the House with so little
opposition, it ought to go through the Senate
with a whoop; but just by way of making a
sure thing doubly sure, it would be a good
thing for each bee-keeper to sit him down as
soon as he reads this, and compose a short
epistle to his Senator, urging the passage of

the bill.

*■

Bees Working in a Tent.— In the

American Agriculturist we are told that Mr.
Bunce tried growing cucumbers in a tent,
and not a cucumber set until the doors of the
tent were opened to allow -the entrance of
bees, and then some grew large enough for
small pickles. It says further:

" The presence of bees in a tent is consid-
ered by Mr. Bunce indispensable to success.
He thinks if the doors of the tent were left
open in the middle of the day, bees would
come in. When asked if other and unwel-
come insects would not also enter, he replied
that the moth producing the tobacco-worm
flies only at night. He says strawhern'e.'< have
been (J row II iiiiiier rlot/i on Long Island with
brilliant success, the fruit maturing two
weeks earlier than in the open. But bees
must be allowed free entrance."

Southern Honey.— Some of the bee-
keepers in the South object in vigorous
terms to having their product called " south-
ern " honey. And why not call it so ? Is not
all honey produced in the South ''southern
honey V And yet it sometimes happens that
a thing that looks all right on the face of it
may be all wrong. If the term " southern ''
honey has come to mean honey of a decidedly
inferior character, one can hardh- wonder that
a man who produces what he knows to be
honey of a superior character, even though it
be produced in the South, should object to
having applied to it a term that labels it of
inferior quality.

Editor Hill, at present himself a Southerner,
voices the sentiment of up-to-date Southern
bee-keepers, by saying among other things-

'' It is doubtless a fact that the South puts
upon the market a larger percentage of low-
grade honey than any other section of the
country. The unprogressiveness of many
sections of the South is well known. The
product of the ' bee-keeping' element in such
localities, as well as that of other branches, is

necessarily inferior: but this is no reason
why the up-to-date producer of the South
should have to suffer the stigma which be-
longs, obviously, to a product which he has
not been guilty of placing upon the market."

And this time he is right.

Butter and Honey. — " Honey," says the
American Bee-Keeper, "is frequently recom-
mended as a substitute for butter, to spread
on bread ; but no one appears to have ob-
served the fact that butter and honey consti-
tute a combination that's not at all disagree-
able to take."

Yes, that's a combination not to be des-
pised, one that was held in high esteem cen-
turies ago. Said an ancient writer (Isaiah i,
" Butter and honey shall he eat, when he
knoweth to refuse the evil, and choose the

good."

*■

General 3Ianager's Explanation. —

On page 20 is an editorial on "The Election
of the Xational," in which we called attention
to several errors and irregularities, besides
giving a letter from Mr. N. E. France, who
also asked that a new ballot be taken. The
reasons why a new ballot was called for were
stated.

We have now received the following letter
from Mr. Secor to President Hutchinson, the
latter saying, " I think, in justice to him
[Secor], it ought to be published:"

Forest City, Iowa, Jan. .5, 190.3.
W. Z. IlrTCHiNSON. Hres. NaflB.-K. Ass'n.

Jiy iJeiir Sir: — I have your recent letter in
which you state that there is some dissatis-
faction among some of the members of the
Association in regard to the form of the bal-
lot recently sent out, and because there were
no constitutional amendments submitted.

I am sure that any fair-minded member,
when he learns the facts in the case, will ex-
onerate the General Manager from blame in
both cases.

The reason why Mr. France's name was
mentioned on the voting blank was that he
was the uiihj prmon nominated in a proper
manner. His name had been regularly pre-
sented to the Chairman of the Board, and
seconded by at least half a dozen members.
It, therefore, came to me officially, and I was
obliged to notice it.

It may be said that other names were men-
tioned through the bee-journals. Granted.
I now think I remember one person who
nominated thrrr or four meinlxr.i for tlie snine
offlre in this manner. By what constitutional
provision is the Board of Directors, or the
(general Manager, retiuired to take cognizance
of every suggestion that every person may
write to periodicals published in the United
States ; Why were not these nominations
made to the proper officials of the Associa-
tion ? Unless these matters are brought to
ijie officially I can not take the responsibility
of indorsing thein.

Now, as to the constitutional amendments
offered at the Dt-nver convention. How
could I submit so important a matter as that
to a vote without a word from the Secretary '.

In tact, I never saw a copy of them until
after the voting blanks had been sent out.
and then only a stenographer's report of
them. Cf J

Dr. Mason wrote me, just before his death,
that he had no copy of the proposed amend-
ments; that they had never been turned over
to him. If the Secretary of the Association
conld not certify what the proposed amend-
ments were, how could I be expected to take
the responsibility of interpreting them ? I
said before, and now repeat, that I did not
see even a purported copy of tne amendments
till after the voting blanks had been printed
and mailed.

If we do not wish to be governed by con-
stitutional authority why have a constitution <

If we do not practice business methods, and
follow parliamentary usages, our Association
is but a rope of sand, and not worth saving.

I hope soon to turn over to my successor
the records and funds of the largest and most
prosperous bee-keepers' association in the
world; and if we will stop our quibbling
about unimportant matters, and put our
shoulders to the wheel in the spirit of frater-
nal helpfulness, the future of the Association
will be brighter than ever; but if factionalism
and love of office prevail, it will be rent in
twain and die a premature death.
Sincerely yours,

Eugene Secor, Oen. Man.

There are several points in Mr. Secor's let-
ter of explanation which we would like to
touch on in full, but we must be brief.

In the first place, we contend that Mr.
France's name should have been omitted from
the ballot, for it was not necessary that any
one be nominated at all, nor necessary to
print names of nominees on the ballot. Why,
a person not previously nominated might
have been elected, so the nomination cuts no
figure whatever. We can not account for the
naming of Mr. France in any other manner,
than that some one thought it would be an
excellent way to defeat Mr. Abbott, whom the
majority of the Board of Directors did elect
General Manager last summer.

As to the omission of the amendments
from the ballot, Mr. Secor's excuse is rather
weak, for he says Dr. Mason wrote him, be-
fore he died, about the amendments. It seems
to us that a General Manager knowing there
were amendments to be presented on the bal-
lot would make at least a little effort to get
them. Dr. Mason died the forepart of
November, and we did not get our ballot
until Dec. 20— surely ample time to find a
copy of the amendments if they were really
wanted for voting purposes.

We have reason to believe that the inten-
tion was not to present the amendments at
all, as they were not favored by some in
authority. It was the Secretary's duty to get
a copy of the amendments before the Denver
convention closed, and see that they were
forwarded to the General Manager in time for
balloting. The General Manager, knowing
there were amendments to be voted on, should

52

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22 1903.

have insisted on having a copy of them to
mail with the ballot to the members, as pro-
vided by the constitution.

We may say further, that we think it will
hardly pay any officer to be so red-tapy as
Mr. Secor's letter indicates he was; surely,
it will not tend to inspire confidence in the
Association to follow such a precedent.
Also, we think it shows poor taste for Mr.
Secor to intimate that the " love of office "
is inspiring the opposers to unfair methods,
who insist that common-sense and ordinary
business practice shall be used in the man-
agement of the National Association, when
Mr. Secor himself has been in the office of
General Manager as many years as he has.

No-Drip Cases Without Paper.— Dr.

W. O. Eastwood, finding it troublesome to use
paper in shipping-cases, poured in melted
paraffine, running it clear around the bottom
and then pouring it out. That required only
a small quantity, and left the shipping-case
with no more chance for leaking than if it
contained the paper.

Although this plan must have its limitations
(for it can hardly be used with 24-section
eases having the bottoms in two parts), it is
well worth trying by those who are not ex-
pert at using the paper in 13-section cases. It
will probably be necessary to nail the bottom
at the middle to the back and to the front
strip, otherwise the weight of the sections
might spring down the bottom and break
apart the paraffined joint. If the plan is a
success, it will no doubt be found easier for
the inexperienced than to use the paper.

Of course, the no-drip strips must not lie
omitted.

I Weekly Budget. I

Mr. C. H. Piekce, of Columbia Co., Wis.,
called on us last week. He expects a good
season with the bees this year. His are win-
tering well.

Mb. N. E. France has been talking on
fruit and bees at the farmers' institutes in
Wisconsin this winter. He knows how on
both subjects.

Calipornia Bee-Keepebs to Organize.
—We have received the following which will
be of interest to California bee-keepers par-
ticularly :
To THE Bee-Keepers of California: —

At the recent session of the State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, held in this city, the subject
of co-operation for the disposal of our prod-
uct was again presented, and forcibly empha-
sized by F. E. Brown, the successful manager
of the Central California Association.

The necessity of such a luovement seems
evident to all, but the question of method
has been the one great difficulty to overcome.
George L. Emerson, the enterprising Orange
County producer, presented a plan that met
the hearty approval of those present, result-
ing in the appointment of the following com-
mittee to consider and devise a plan of organi-
zation ; F. E. Brown, George W. Brodbeck,
L. S. Emerson, M. 11. Mendleson, L. E.
Mercer, and J. F. Mclntyre. The committee,
not being able to complete its task before the
adjournment of the State Association, take

this method of presenting it to the bee-keep-
ers at large.

The approaching season, the necessity of
prompt and decisive action, have resulted
in the committee taking steps to incorporate
the California National Honey-Producers'
Association. The principal place of business
will be Los Angeles; capital stock .?2.5,000,
divided into 500, UOO shares, value 5 cents —
each share to represent one colony of bees,
thus confining this organization entirely to
bee-keepers. SiitHcient stock has been sub-
scribed to inaugurate this movement, and in-
sure its undoubted success. With the object
of enlisting the interest of all bee-keepers,
and for them to learn the details of this pro-
ject, a meeting has been called to be held at
the Chamber of Commerce, in Los Angeles,
Jan. 20, at 9:30 a.m.

We further desire to call attention to a few
reasons why bee-keepers should combine :

First of all, " In union there is strength."

By joining together, freight-rates, supplies,
and other expenses, are reduced to a mini-
mum.

By marking aud sealing our honey we
guarantee its purity, thus preventing the pos-
sibility of adulteration. The guarantee of
purity will increase the demand.

The establishment of uniform prices and
grades will prevent individual competition
and the consequent depression in prices.

The combination of the small producer with
the large one gives strength to the former and
removes him from the clutches of the specu-
lator.

The entire management will be in the
hands of bee-keepers, with no other interests
involved, assuring equal benefits to all.
Facilities for storage will be provided. All
honey will be graded and sealed by an official
grader.

Members will be permitted to retail in less
than car-load lots. Advances will also be
made on consignments, if desired.

The above are a few of the details which we
present for your consideration, and urge your
attendance at the meeting called.

Geo. W. Brodbeck, Cor. .S'tr.

We hope this new organization will prove
to be what California honey-producers need
in order to control the marketing of their
product, so that it may be disposed of in a
way that will bring good returns to its mem-
bers. They have a large contract on their
hands, but it is well worth pushing to com-
pletion, as we believe it will prove a success
when once gotten in working order.

Your Name aku Address. — We take the
following from Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and
only wish that it might be read by every per-
son in the world, or at least by all who ex-
pect to do any business with others. The
experience of The A. I. Root Co., as described
in these paragraphs, does not differ from the
experience of every other firm :

Every man and woman, and, (or that mat-
ter, every child, should be urged very early to
adopt some particular way of signing his
name and address. Yes, as soon as a child
can write his name he should be urged to
adopt some particular form. If he decides to
use only initials, let him always do it the
same way. If his name is Smith, in view of
the great number of Smiths, he would better
spell out in full his first or second name; but,
having once decided ^perhaps by the aid of
his friends) just how he is going to make his
signature, let him stick to it. And he should
also be encouraged to have a rubber stamp to
put on his stationery, so that all can know in
plain and unmistakable letters just wfutt he is
called, and huw he is addressed. JIarried
women especially should heed the above. It
is a woman's privilege to write her name Mrs.
•John Smith or Mrs. Susan Smith; hut she
should be urged to do always one or the
other. A few days ago " Mrs. .lohn Smith "
complained that she sent us some money, and
we did not give her credit. After much fuss
and bother our book-keeper found she signed
her name Mi's. Unsan Smith, aud wrote from

a different postofflce from what she had ever
written before, and, therefore, the book-
keepers were obliged to open an account with
Mrs. Susan Smith at some other postoffiee;
and hadn't one of the employees happened to
remember some honey being placed on the
book where no account could be found, I do
not know what would have been done.

The better way. by all means, is to have
your correct name and address printed on en-
velopes or writing-paper, one or the other, or
both. It can be done for a few cents. But if
this is too much trouble, then get a rubber
stamp, and stamp everything you send out,
not only to save this great, busy world time
and money, but to save yuurnelf annoyance
and disappointment. Lots of people make
haste to call great business firms dishonest,
just because these people themselves have not
got enough life and push to avoid the trouble
of blundering addresses, as I have indicated
in the above. If you can not scrape up
enough energy to let folks know who you are,
and where you live, in black and white, you
ought to have l>een born a century or two
ago, when it did not matter so very much
whether the outside world knew whether you
were alive and kicking or not.

Rev. L. L. Langstroth a Presbtterian.
— It seems from the following that through
an oversight, or lapse in memory, we made
an error in reference to Father Langstroth :

Mr. Editor:— In that delightfully gotten-
up periodical. Class Advertising, an article
appears which was written by the Editor of
the American Bee .Journal, all of which I can
indorse except the statement that the movable-
frame hive was invented by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth, " a Congregational clergyman."
Father Langstroth would be neither a better
nor a worse man for being a Presbyterian
rather than a Congregationalist, but it is just
as well to be accurate in regard to everytliing
pertaining to one who played so prominent a
part.

When 26 years old Father Langstroth was,
for two years, pastor of the Second Congre-
gational Church in Andover, Mass., but many
years ago he became a Presbyterian. When
jDreparing for Root's "ABC of Bee-Culture "
a biographical sketch of Father Langstroth,
desiring to be entirely correct, I wrote to him,
and in reply he said, under date of March 26,
188S:

" I am now a minister in the Presbyterian
church. Although not a settled pastor, I
preach occasionally, and deiight in nothing
so much as the Christian work. My parents
were members of Mr. Barnes' church, the
mother Presbyterian church in the United
States."

I have good reason to believe that he con-
tinued in the same connection during the re-
mainder of his lite. Last summer, when
giving a talk before the Winona Assembly, I
spoke of Father Langstroth as a Presbyterian
clergyman. Afterward, one of my auditors
made the correction that Mr. Langstroth was
a Congregationalist. The pastor of the Pres-
Ijyterian church at Dayton, Ohio, who hap-
pended to be present, replied, "Mr. Lang-
stroth was a member of our presbytery, and
it was while preaching in my pulpit that he
fell dead." C. C. Miller.

Of course, it is always best to be exactly
correct in all statements, but, really, isn't
there just about as much difference be-
tween a good Congregationalist and a good
Presbyterian as there is between tweedledum
and tweedledee i We would think just as
much of Dr. Miller if he were a Methodist in-
stead of being a Presbyterian I But, after all,
it is not the particular denomination that a
man belongs to, but his Christian living that
counts, not only in the preseut time, but in
the Eternity beyond, if the Good Book be true.

However, we want to thank Dr. Miller for
calling our attention to Father Langstroth's
Presbyterianism. We will try to be more
careful the next time we have occasion to
refer to it.

Jan. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

53

kI^^.k^VJ^^J^I^VJ^.

Convention Proceedings

Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,

Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17

and 18, 1902.

RBPORTED BV MORLBV PKTTIT.

(Coatinued from pa^e 3').)
UNITING I.ATE SWARMS.

" How and when would j'ou unite late swarms ?"

In Aug-ust and September. Set one on top of the other.

Mr. McEvoy — Unite them in the evening. Get the bees
to fill themselves, then shake the bees of one hive down on
the entrance of the other, and let them run in. Smoke
them well.

Mr. Heise — Remove from each hive all the frames not
occupied by bees. Lift the remainder with the bees on
them out of one hive into the other, and the deed is done.

BEST WAY TO FEED LIGHT COLONIES.

" What is the best way to feed colonies put away too
light, no combs of honey being available ?"

Feed them cakes of candy put over the frames.
This does not disturb them much, and by absorbing the
moisture the candy gradually liquefies and also adds to the
dryness of the bees.

Mr. Evans told of a man who bored a hole in the top of
a box-hive which he had in the cellar, poured in a little feed
every few days, and the bees wintered well. He did not
recommend this method as one to be generally adopted,
however. Mr. Holtermann would feed two or three pounds
at one feed, then run the chances on saving them by feeding
the first thing after they come out of the cellar. A shallow
pan shoved in under the combs on the bottom-board is used
in Germany for this purpose.

Mr. Armstrong — I have fed bees syrup every month in
the year except February and March. I use a feeder in a
super on top of the hive.

Mr. McEvoy — This would be all right for strong colo-
nies, but no good for weak ones.

EVENING SESSION.

The following paper was written and read by W. J.
Brown :

WHY I AM A bee-keeper.

This may be considered a very simple subject indeed. I
often thought that something outside of the ordinary worn-
out subjects of spring management, summer management,
the best method to produce comb honey, extracted honey,
etc., at our annual reunions was necessary in order to make
them a little more interesting. But I hesitated for a time,
then after seeing a synopsis of the program for this meet-
ing in the October number of the Canadian Bee Journal,
and seeing your humble servant was down for a paper, and
that, about the first paper on the list, and without any sub-
ject assigned me, I scratched my head for a time, not know-
ing whether your executive committee was only having a
little fun with me on account of my Hibernian strain or not ;
and I finally concluded that in all probabilitj' that was the
case, particularly so when they selected that clever young
Dutchman over there to knock me down faster than any
two of you could pick me up.

My first impulse was to present you with something a
little more out of the ordinary than even the one which I
have adopted ; but remembering that some one, a few years
ago, brought in some subjects that received pretty hard
knocks because those subjects did not treat directly on bee-
lore, I concluded that such ground would not be safe for me
to tread upon, and so I decided to tell you why I am a bee-
keeper.

First, because of a natural fondness for honey — a fond-
ness that never relinquished its hold, and I never expect
that it will. Well do I remember when I was a " kid," how
I used to rummage the wild bumble-bees' nests ; even to get
one drop of sweet nectar made my heart glad.

As manhood advanced, so also my ideas ; so then to my
joy a box-hive of bees I bought.

My second reason for being a bee-keeper was that my

instinct of nature ltd me on to search, and, if possible, find
out the mystery of the mysteries connected with the honey-
bee in those primitive days — at least primitive they were to
me, as I had not the opportunity of studying standard works
on the honey-bee, and bee-papers galore, as you, fellow
bee-keepers, have to-day. Yet every moment and every
hour of my time that I could possibly spare from other pur-
suits was taken advantage of in the study of my little
workers, and thus add to my joy and knowledge.

My third reason for being a bee-keeper was the great
pleasure of having honey (Nature's sweet) on my table three
times a day the whole year round, and at being able to treat
my friends and neighbors to a feed of honey when they
come in ; and at hearing the hum of the honey-bee in the
apple-tree, the clover field, and elsewhere.

My fourth reason for being a bee-keeper was the financial
side of the question, as I had an idea for a long time that
there was more money in bee-keeping than in any other
line of business on the face of this broad earth. But while
my taste for honey is as keen today as ever, and my appe-
tite for research in the mysteries of the honey-bee is as
ravenous as it was a quarter of a century ago — and there is
little even yet that afi^ords me more pleasure than to be able
to treat my friends and neighbors to a little honey, and to
hear the merry hum of those dear little honey-bees, when
they are in the clover and buckwheat fields — I must say I
am slightly disappointed in my fourth reason for being a
bee-keeper, viz.: the financial side of the question. True,
with proper care and management on the part of the manip-
ulator there is money in bee-keeping, but for the one who
has made a pile out of it a dozen have made a failure. For
my individual part, I have nothing to complain about, in
having taken it up as a pursuit, as I like the honey, I like
the bee, I like to work among them, and I like to see the
dollars come in as the result of my being a bee-keeper.

And now look out and see how Mr. Heise will come
along like a hewer in a lumber camp, with his broad-ax,
and make the chips fly. But I am here on the ridge-pole,
and can fight bees, wasps, or even Dutchmen, as well as
any one. So, roll up your sleeves, and get ready to pitch
right in and make things lively for a little while, anyway,
even if you can not lick me, by showing Mr. President and
the cream of bee-keepers of this banner Province of Ontario
assembled here this evening, some better reason why you
are a bee-keeper than I have shown you why I am a bee-
keeper. W. J. Brown.

Mr. Heise — These reasons would fit most of us, and
perhaps the financial reason is the greatest.

SPRING MANAGEMENT.

R. F. Whitesides read a paper on " Spring Manage-
ment."

Mr. Post — For outside wintering we want things tight
and dry, and good packing on top of the hives. Great care
must be exercised in spreading brood, not to do it too early
in the season. Cellar-wintered bees should be kept in until
they can be set out to stay.

Mr. Fister — Bees should be set out early. We set some
out this year on March 22, with a foot of snow on the
ground, and they did all right.

Mr. Miller— Queen-clipping should be done in fruit-
bloom.

Mr. Dickenson — If snow is on the ground when bees
are to be set out, sprinkle some straw around the stands.

Mr. Pettit — Clipping with us in southern Ontario
should be done before fruit-bloom, else the hives are so full
of bees it is difficult to find the queen.

Mr. Darling sees no advantage in waiting for a suitable
day to put the bees out. When the time of year comes put
them out in the evening, and they will be quiet until a suit-
able day comes for them to fly.

Mr. Heise — Early clipping refers to cellar-wintered
bees. For those packed outdoors, we do not like to unpack
them until it is time to put supers on. I h'ave also noticed
that in a prosperous colony it is often easier to find the
queen than in one that is very weak.

SPRING PACKING OF CELLAR-WINTERED BEES.

■' Would you advise packing in spring for cellar-win-
tered bees ?"

Mr. Miller— I used to do it, but don't any more.
Mr. Holmes — Put newspapers under the cover.

CARING FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

" How take care of extracted honey ?"

Mr. Miller— Put it into cans or barrels as soon as pos-

54

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

sible, and store in a dry, warm place. Do not leave it ex-
posed to the air.

FREEING COMBS OK POLLEN.

" What is your method of freeing combs from an over-
abundance of pollen ?"

Mr. Gemmill — Spray them with a fine spray, then
throw out the pollen with the extractor.

DEAD BROOD — WIRING FOUNDATION.

" Dead brood in the hive a few days after casting a
swarm. What is the cause ? The result ?"

Mr. Dickenson — This may be caused by turning the
parent hive around too often, and so depleting it of bees
for the sake of the swarm.

" Is it advisable to wire foundation ?"

Mr. Miller — Yes, it enables me to use section foundation
in shallow frames.

Mr. McEvoy uses seven vertical wires in the frame,
laced back and forth from staples in the top-bar and bot-
tom-bar.

There was a division of opinion on the advantage or
disadvantage of wiring, some of Canada's most successful
bee-men being on either side of the question.

HIVE-ENTRANCE FOR OUTDOOR WINTERING.

" What size entrance do you prefer for outdoor winter-
ing ?"

Mr. Miller — 'ixl'i inches.

Mr. Holtermann — Whatever style of entrance we have,
the top packing must be porous enough to allow of upward
ventilation. If the change of air has to be accomplished by
the entrance alone, the bees must exert themselves to create
a draft, and this is not good.

Mr. Sparling — The nature of the packing above has
much to do with good wintering.

Mr. Armstrong could not see that it made any differ-
ence whether the top packing was tight or not. The en-
trance should be JsxS inches.

Mr. John Fixter then read the following description of
experiments on the question,

DO BEES INJURE SOUND FRUIT?

During the summer of 1901 an experiment was started
when there was no surplus honey to be gathered from plants
outside, with ripe fruit of four different kinds— peaches,
pears, plums and grapes. These were exposed in different
places near the Experimental Farm Apiary, where it was
easily accessible to the bees. This experiment was con-
tinued during the season of 1902, with the addition of straw-
berries and raspberries. All fruit was placed in the same
position as in the experiment of 1901.

On July 2, 1902, ripe fruit of four sorts of strawberries
was tried in each place— the Williams, Clyde, Buback and
Warfield — exposed in different places where it was easily
accessible to the bees : a. Inside the bee-hive ; b. On
branches of trees in the apiary enclosure ; c. On shelves in
a workshop, to which bees had access through an open win-
dow. Every care was taken that all the fruit used in this
experiment should be perfectly sound.

Fruit exposed inside the bee-hives. The fruit was ex-
posed in three different conditions : 1, Whole fruit without
any treatment ; 2, Whole fruit that had been dipped in
honey ; 3, Fruit that had been punctured in different places
with the blade of a pen-knife.

Four colonies were selected for the experiment, all of
about equal strength. Each of these colonies was in a hive
upon which was placed a super divided in the middle by a
partition. In each one of the four hives the whole speci-
mens, of fruit not dipped in honey, were placed within three
empty frames, tied together as a rack ; in the brood-cham-
ber, the whole specimens of fruit dipped in honey were
placed in one compartment of the super, and the punctured
specimens were placed in the other. The bees began to
work at once, both upon the dipped and the punctured fruit,
and kept continually on it as long as any liquid could be
obtained. They also clustered thickly on the whole sound
fruit, but did not appear to be getting, or even trying to
secure, any substance from the berries.

Fruit exposed on the shelves in a workshop the bees did
not visit at all, nor on branches of the trees in the apiary ;
in the two latter places the fruit appeared to dry up and
mold. In the hives all fruit decayed more quickly from the
extra heat from the bees ; this experiment was tried but one
week.

July 29, experiment with four varieties of raspberries—
the red, purple, very light-colored, and the black-caps.

Each box contained some of each sort. They were placed
in hives in exactly the same position as the strawberries.
At this date there was considerable honey coming in. The
bees did not touch any of the fruit in the hive, super, trees,
nor in the house-apiary. On July 31, half of each sort of
berries that were sound were cut in halves to see if they
would attack the fruit, but they did not touch any of them.
All the sorts in the hives decayed much sooner than the
fruit exposed. That exposed to the air dried up consider-
ably and molded.

A second test has been made with peaches, pears,
plums, and grapes, with practically the same results. The
bees actually starved where separated from fruit-juice only
by the skin of the fruit. John FixTER.

COMB FOUNDATION EXPERIMENTS.

Mr. Fixter also reported some experiments with foun-
dation from the results of which he recommended hiving
swarms on combs or full sheets of foundation. He also
recommended alternating combs with foundation to get the
latter drawn out.

Mr. Evans thought it not desirable to put foundation
between combs in the super. The combs will be bulged,
and the foundation will only be slightly drawn out. When
you come to extracting you will have thin, tender combs
which you can scarcely extract.

Morley Pettit — This will not happen if the foundation
is alternated with frames of brood ; but the best place to
have combs built is in the super. The bees will there build
the combs fast to the bottom-bar much better than in the
brood-chamber. In order to avoid the bulging mentioned
we have what we call a " foundation separator " to place
between the comb and the foundation. This helps sustain
the weight of the bees and relieves the foundation of that
sagging influence, and causes them to build full, even
combs.

Mr. Sibbald — I consider hiving swarms on combs a
waste of combs — a bad thing ; hiving on foundation is half
bad ; on starters is just right. We want all the combs we
can get for the extracting-supers. Give a swarm a hive
full of combs, and the queen will soon fill them with brood.
Now, if you have a short honey-flow you have a lot of use-
less bees hatching out just at the close of the honey-flow.
We don't mind drones — the workers will kill them off.

Other members were skeptical about the economy of
the last statement.

Mr. Chrysler — If we hived swarms on combs for comb
honey they would store honey below instead of in the sec-
tions, and then swarm.

Mr. Sibbald— The parent colony has good combs and a
young queen. If you do not wish increase, the swarm can
be returned at the close of the honey season, and the poor
combs melted up.

Mr. Pettit — If the swarm is hived on about six starters,
and the rest of the hive filled up with dummies, ?. large per-
centage of these starters will be built into good worker-
combs. The rest make good extracting-combs, and are all
the better for having been bred in once — they are stronger,
and less liable to break in the extractor or in cold weather.

Mr. Sibbald — If I hived my swarms on six starters they
would not stay.

Mr. Pettit — Very well, then ; hive on a full set of
starters, and in a couple of days remove what starters they
have not begun work upon, and put dummies in their place.

Mr. Newton and others indorsed Mr. Pettit's view, but
Mr. Sibbald did not consider this a "short cut."

Mr, Sparling — In a few weeks you can replace the dum-
mies with combs.

Mr. Sibbald is not particularly anxious for worker-
combs. These combs are tougher for having been bred in
once.

Mr. Miller — They should be washed before using.

Mr. Dickenson — After the first extracting I can see no
difference in them.

(Continued next week.)

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards, for
such effort.

Jan. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

55

X V4>#CisW4>J*/^4>*CJ*-

Contributed Articles.

No.6— Improving the Race of Bees.

BY ADRIAN GETAZ.
(Concluded {rom page 534-1902 )

I WANT to begin with an apology. In a previous article
I said that the West cages cost too much. Somehow or
other, I had in my head an idea that the price is 25 cents
apiece. I discovered since then that they are much cheaper.
Near the top of page 518 (1902), the compositor seems to
have s"kipped a line. What I meant to say was : " Perhaps
plenty of food and big cells go together, and we know that
good queens and plenty of food do go together."

SOME CRITISISMS ANSWERBD.

I wish to answer briefly some criticisms which have
been made.

I am accused of being too dogmatic. That fault is more
apparent than real. I used to write differently, but I was
very often misunderstood, or something essential had
escaped the attention of the readers and spoiled the contri-
bution. This has led me to adopt a clear-cut, positive style
of writing.

The "theories" concerning heredity, etc., that I have
tried to condense in these contributions, are the conclusions
reached by hundreds of scientists, eminent thinkers, stock-
breeders, etc., during the past two or three centuries. As
such, they are entitled to some consideration. To what ex-
tent I have succeeded in "condensing" is, of course, an-
other question.

A critic not finding some things that he thought ought
to be there, charitably (?) suggested that perhaps I did not
know. The fact is I had to leave out a great many things
in order to keep within the limits of space at my disposal.

I am also accused of ignoring the recent discoveries in
beedom. I suppose reference is made here to the Gerstung
and Dickel theories. In my opinion these theories (at least
for the present) decidedly " lack confirmation."

To avoid misunderstanding, I should have stated that
the drones reared in worker-cells cannot pass through the
ordinary perforated-zinc.

INFLUENCE OF NURSE-BEES.

I said that the characteristics of nurse-bees, such as
color, aptness to gather honey, etc., are not transmitted to
the larvM they feed. That statement has been challenged.
The critic says that if corn is planted in a soil containing
hyposulphite of magnesia, the young plant will bear blos-
soms quite different from that of corn.

The point is quite important as it has a bearing on
queen-rearing. Suppose we have a Jersey calf. Does any
one think that by feeding it with milk from a Shorthorn
cow that the calf would acquire the color, disposition of
taking fat, etc., of the Shorthorn stock ? Not at all. And
we may safely conclude that it is the same with bees, at
least until positive proof of the contrary is given. There
cannot be anything like hyposulphite of magnesia in the
food given to the larval bees. That food is a mixture of
honey, pollen, and secretions of the stomach-glands of the
bees, the whole partially digested before being given to the
larva'. The composition of that food is practically invari-
able, so it matters not which race of bees we employ as
nurses. But it matters very much whether enough of that
food is given to our young queens or .lot, or whether they
are well cared for or not. The three following conditions
are therefore imperious :

1. Plenty of food — or rather raw material for same —
nectar or feed.

2. A large number of nurse-bees to prepare the food and
take care of the young queens.

3. A colony strong enough to keep up the temperature.
I want to insist on that last condition, as it is seldom

noticed. It is necessary that the proper temperature should
be kept up, not only during the larval stage of the young
queens, but also until they are ready to emerge from the
cells.

When the cells are capped the young queens are, after
all, not much more than mere worms. The real develop-
ment takes place while they are in the sealed cells. Unless

the temperature is at the proper point, this development
will not take place as it should. Cases are on record of
queen-cells exposed to the cold hatching out queens with
defective wings and legs, and very probably with defective
interior organs, also.

QUEKNLESS COLONIES VS. UPPER STORIES.

Both can be used, evidently. But in using an upper
story, it must be remembered that the bees have then a full
quota of brood to take care of in the lower story, and if the
apiarist is not careful the upper story may be neglected.

I prefer a queenless colony, adding (by exchange) a
comb or two of hatching brood from some other colony every
few days. This process will keep up the strength of the
colony especially in young bees, and, as there is but little
brood to take care of, the young queens, even if they are
numerous, will be well cared for.

NUCLEI VS. FULL COLONIES.

Somebody said as good queens as any have been reared
in even small nuclei. I guess so. I also guess that worse
queens than any have been reared that way, too.

I don't see why good queens could not be reared in
nuclei, if the nuclei are not too weak, z/ the weather is warm
enough, and //'the honey-flow is good. But let the weather
be cool, and a nucleus will not be able to keep the tempera-
ture up to the proper point. Let the honey-flow slack, and
robber-bees set up business ; then the whole force of the
nucleus will be needed for the defense of the home, and the
care of the young will be neglected.

(THIS IS NO JOKE.)

About a year ago now, I met a brother bee-keeper, Mr.
X.

Mr. X. had just read something about artificial queen-
rearing, and was quite enthuiastic about it. He gave me a
glowing description of it.

Unfortunately, his memory was at fault on some points.
He spoke all the time of transferring eggs instead of larvae.
As soon as I saw my chance, I asked him : " Brother X, yoii
say they put the stick of cells and eggs in the gum. Now
the cells are turned down. 'Pears to me that those eggs
ought to fall oEf ? "

Brother X looked very much embarassed, scratched his
head once or twice, and all at once brightened up and said :
" Oh : They just put a little bit of thick honey in the cells,
and the eggs stick to it I " Knox Co., Tenn.

Experience with Forced Swarming.

BY J. T. HAIRSTON.

I HAVE had considerable experience with forced swarms.
I wish to say there is no diff'erence between them and
natural swarms, if rightly made. What applies to one
applies to the other, and practically there is nothing new in
them. Transferring by drumming is identically the same.
As to forcing before or after cells are started, it doesn't
make any difference ; only if the apiarist has as many colo-
nies as he wishes, he should force only those that have cells
started, as they would swarm anyway.

I have found by experience that giving a frame of brood
does no good, but harm. I tried giving brood until I found
the bees would stay far better without brood ; and as to giv-
ing honey, after the swarm has become established it is all
right, provided the bees are not gathering any honey ;
otherwise it is useless.

If the colony is run for extracted honey it doesn't mat-
ter whether the bees are hived on drawn combs ; if run for
comb honey, hive on Jj-inch starters, or full sheets of
foundation, but nez'er on zt'ide starters.

If hived on starters, after the queen begins to lay, three
frames should be removed, and space filled with dummies ;
and after the five frames are filled with full sheets or drawn
combs. The super should be put on the hive when the
swarm is hived, partly filled with " baits," with a honey-
board on.

If the swarm has plenty of room, ventilation, and shade,
until it has become established in its new home, it is not
likely to abscond. But I have found that if a frame of
brood is given it begins, unually, to construct cells prepara-
tory to swarming.

If, as I previously stated, a forced swarm is rightly
made it is not likely to desert its hive. The bees should be
made to fill themselves with honey, and be treated like a
natural swarm.

56

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

Forced swarming is a boon to the specialist with out-
yards, as he can handle his bees with less help, as one daj-
in the week is all the time needed for each yard. He can
examine each strong colony, and all that are preparing to
swarm can be shaken, and there's no watching for swarms.
Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., Dec. 29.

The " Missing Linii " in Rearing Queen-Bees.

BY DK. E. GALLUP.

SOME forty years ago, when I first moved to Iowa, I saw
the largest and strongest colony of bees that I had ever
seen, up to that date. They were in a hollow basswood
log, and the queen was the largest, by nearly one-third, that
I had ever seen. The log contained as much comb as four
10-frame L,angstroth hives, and all was worker-comb. Here
was where I first saw the "missing link," and the largest
queen-cells that I had ever seen.

That fall I saw, at Decorah, another large colony in a
dry-goods box, and another extra-large queen. It seems
the owner had four large swarms to cluster together, and,
not knowing how to divide them, had hived them all to-
gether, and they had built all worker-comb.

The following spring I found another extra-large colony
in a hollow butternut-tree, and when I transferred them
they had another of those extra-large queens and all the
comb was worker-comb. Previous to this, in Wisconsin, I
took an extra-large colony out of a small house four feet
square, by six feet tall, built on purpose, and stocked by
setting a common box-hive on sticks at the top of the house
without a bottom-board, consequently the bees had extended
their comb down and outside the hive, and all was built
worker-comb. I studied long and seriously on the question
of why those extra-large colonies and extra-large queens.
I reasoned that the queen must be extra-prolific, and the
bees must be longer-lived, or they could not keep so popu-
lous winter and summer, year in and year out.

Therefore I built my large hives to test the question,
and other questions that puzzled my mind. I filled those
hives with all worker-comb, and after superseding the first
queens I had extra-large queens, and long-lived ones, and
long-lived workers as well, and I demonstrated to my own
satisfaction that bees reared queens to suit the capacity of
the hive, to a certain extent. Remember that I was not
ridiculed into this idea, and I don't think it very likely that
I shall be ridiculed out of it in a hurry.

On page 696, E. F. Atwater says : " Now the larger part
of our bees are run for extracted honey, with little or no
swarming." A little farther on he says : " How shall weex-
plain the fact that the Dadants have so little swarming
with their large hives? " Simply because they run for ex-
tracted honey, and manage purposely to prevent swarming,
as they have informed you in back numbers of the American
Bee Journal. Further on, he says : " Astonishing to say,
when given the opportunity, they respond nobly, with 10,
12 or IS frames of brood." M'ell, who said they would not ?
But will they keep it up for S or 6 years ? That is the " ques-
tion before the house."

I wrote an article for publication, a number of years ago,
and asked this question : If one or more colonies in an
apiary produce twice as much honey, and twice the number
of bees, of the balance of the hives, in the same apiary, why
can not we rear queens and bring the balance, approxi-
mately, up to that standard ? We «r/a/«/r can. " If not,
why not ? " If one or more queens will lay eggs right up to
the full capacity, for 5 or 6 years — and even then examine
them as closely as we may, we cannot see any diminution
of the number of bees in the colony, when the bees super-
sede her — can we not rear other queens equally as good ?
" If not, why not ? "

If we can rear 10 percent of our queens good, and 90 per-
cent poor, why not rear 90 percent good, and only 10 percent
poor? If the bees in one colony live to be 90 days old in
working season, and another colony lives to be only SO or 40
days old at the same time, and in the same apiary, what is
the cause of the difference ? If we rear our queens in small
nuclei, and they cease their prolificness at the age of from
one mouth to one or two years, and they are small and infe-
rior in size when compared with those reared in extra-large
and populous colonies, and those reared in the nuclei lack
the missing link, while those reared in the populous colonies
have that appendage, what is the cause? Of course, I mean
under the swarming impulse.

Now, Mr. Atwater, you have the same privilege of

learning that I did ; I studied and answered all those ques-
tions, and more, long and seriously, and I may say intensely,
and I answered them satisfactorily, at least to myself. Do
not theorize as many do, but confine yourself to actual facts.
Theory is not practice. As I have never reared queens for
sale, and never expect to do so, no one can accuse me of
seeking a free advertisement of my queens.

Remember, at my age it is quite a task to sit down and
write an article for publication, and go into all the minute
details, all the whys and wherefores, so that the merest
novice in bee-keeping can comprehend what is meant, per-
fectly and undertandingly.

Soon after I learned to drum out, and make artificial
swarms, by Mr. Wellhausen, in Wisconsin, bee-kejpers sent
for me far and near to divide their colonies. We knew noth-
ing of movable-comb hives them. Well, I worked at it more
or less for two seasons, and in the meantime I divided mj-
own bees, instead of waiting for them to swarm naturally,
and I began to notice that the old colony that was compelled
to rear a queen did not appear to do as well as they ought.
Many of them became queenless, etc. This puzzled me. I
studied long aud seriously over it, but did not find any solu-
tion to the question. When I divided nearly 100 colonies
and found dead queens in front of the hives, and some
queens crawl out of the hives, and crawl off when only four
weeks old, I was puzzled still more. I had begun to use
movable-comb hives ; then I had no such trouble when my
bees swarmed naturally.

When I found the first missing link I cut out all extra
cells, to prevent swarming ; I examined every cell, but found
no missing link in a single cell. Then I began to think I
was mistaken, and never had seen a missing link. But I
finally stumbled onto one in a naturally-built cell ; then I
soon discovered that I could find them every time when dis-
secting natural cells, built at swarraing-time, or when super-
seding. If was a very easy matter then to come to the con-
clusion that they were placed there by Nature for a purpose,
Mr. Alley to the contrary notwithstanding. The reader
will please notice that Mr. Alley tries to ignore or deny that
it is of any benefit whatever. But Nature makes no useless
mistakes of that or a similar kind. His argument will not
even hold water. Orange Co., Calif.

\ Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters \

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, III.
*' I Don't Know "— Probably Counted All.

Mr. Editor : — Do you think Mr. Hasty meant anj'-
thing wicked by what he said about the donkeys on that
title page ? How many do you think he coiuited ?

Honey for Putting Up Fruit.

Honey used in caramels is delicious, and in some kinds
of cookies and cakes I think it better than sugar. Now.
the question is. Can fruit be put up with honey success-
fully ? and is it as good as sugar 7 Have any of the sisters
tried putting up fruit with honey ? If so, what kinds of
fruit have you put up ? How much honey did you use ?
What kind of honey did you use? What was the result ?
Please tell us all about it.

Shade-Boards vs. Living- Shade.

On page '», Mr. Hasty says: "Mr. W. R. An sell is
right to the extent that a good and sufficient shade-board is
a little ahead of any practicable living shade. May plaj-
truant, and be absent when needed most, which the latter
does not do. Page 728."

Now, my bee-keeping sisters, let the men-folks work in
the broiling sun if they want to, but don't you be misled bj-
any such sophistry. Those shade-boards may do as well
for the bees as living shade, but how about rc"/ If I had
to work with bees on an open plain without any shade, I
don't think I would work with them long. For one thing,
the men don't care for their complexions ; we do. If you
have out-apiaries, and those shade-boards have to be placed

Jan. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

57

on the ground when a storm approaches, or there is dan^ji-T
of their blowing- away, then I think they will do exactly
what Mr. Hasty says they won't do — "play truant."

A serious objection to shade-boards, aside from their
not shading the bee-keeper, is the fact that they have to be
taken down and put up again every time a colony is over-
hauled. That would take both time and strength.

My ideal would be to have, if possible, living shade for
the bee-keeper, and where that can not be had the next best
thing is to have a movable shade. This I have greatly
enjoyed.

So far as the bees are concerned, if they can not have
living shade, the right thing is a double cover of thin
matei'ial. Even if there is living shade, such a cover is a
desirable thing, for the dead-air space makes it cool for
summer and warm for winter.

Remedy for Hoarseness.

The juice of a lemon, half an ounce of glycerine, half
an ounce of honey, is an excellent remedy for hoarseness,
and is easilj' prepared. Take a teaspoonful every few hours.

Wetting- Brittle Sections for Folding-.

If you have sections that you have kept over from last
year without making up, and they have become dry and
brittle, breaking badly when bent, try pouring a little boil-
ing water in the V-grooves, but be careful not to get the
water on the dovetailed ends of the sections, else you may
have trouble in putting them together. The sections usually
come 500 in a crate, and you can wet the whole 500 at one
time. You would better take out a few of each layer, then
wedge them up tight before wetting. If you don't take any
out, thej' will swell after they are wet, and will be wedged
in so tightly that you will have trouble in getting them out.

To take them out easily before wetting, turn the crate
on its side, then the ones that are left will not tumble when
some are taken out.

If you take a funnel and put in a plug whittled down to
a sharp point at the lower edge, leaving room for only a
small stream of water to pass through, and hold the funnel
directly over the grooves, pour the hot water into the fun-
nel and move quickly along the line of grooves, you will
find it works well. A small tea-kettle about half full of
boiling water makes it easier to manipulate without spilling
the water where you don't want it to go. Be sure the water
passes clear through to the other side of the crate, so that
all the sections will be wet.

Some advise putting sections in a damp cellar before
using, but I believe the hot water is better.

You may think it a little early to talk about making up
sections, and perhaps it is, but it is better to be too early
than too late, and really they can be made up any time dur-
ing the winter whenever you find time for it.

Husking--Bees.

Miss Rural — And were you never in the country during
the season for husking-bees, Mr. Sappy ?

Mr. Sapp)' — No. The idea I How do you husk a bee,
anyway ? — Philadelphia Press.

The Buffalo Convention Report is issued in pamphlet
form, size 6x8'. inches, 80 pages and cover. Besides a full
report of the proceedings of the 32d convention of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, held in Buffalo, N. Y.,
Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901, it contains fine half-tone portraits
of all the officers and directors of the Association ; also the
Constitution, a list of the membership up to the end of
1901, and the two latest bee-songs — " The Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom " and " Buckwheat Cakes and
Honey." We believe it is the finest ever gotten out for the
Association. Of course, all members of the Association
receive a copy free, but there are thousands of our readers
who are not 3'et members, but who should have this valuable
Report. Better send for a copy, if you have not yet re-
ceived one. Price, postpaid, 25 cents, or with the American
Bee Journal one year — both for $1.10. Send all orders to
the office of the American Bee Journal. Better order soon,
before all are gone.

.*-»-^

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. L,ook at them.

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlajsea.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

JOINING "TUB GREAT MAJORITY."

I am so got up, somehow or other, that I cannot see a
statement which involves a false idea without a certain
measure of distress. Am I unusual in that, or are there lots
of other folks affected that way ? And is it a good way to
be got up, or is it a misfortune ? On page 773 it is said that
the rest of us will soon be called to join " the great, major-
ity." This figure of speech is accepted by nearly every-
body. If we think of the whole world, and all time, the ex-
pression is in accord with facts; but we don't carry the
whole world in our thoughts. We are thinking about the
present races in our own country, that o«r dead are much
more numerous than our living. Believing this implicitly,
I once (for what reason I cannot imagine) started in at a
little study and figuring to answer the question, When did
our dead become a permanent majority ? The result aston-
ished me ; perhaps it will astonish those who read this —
they can easily verify the figures. Our living are 76,000,000 ;
our dead have not nearly attained that figure yet. The next
discovery was also surprising in its way. The dead never
wiU be a majority till the present rate of increase stops.
Take our total population at successive periods, not too far
apart, and (Be careful there, not to kill the same person
twice !) divide the great flocks into dead and living — the
earlier ones of course all dead. Or apply a reasonable
death-rate per thousand to the figures of each successive
census.

PUTTING IN FOUNDATION WITH A SCREW-DRIVER.

And so Mr. Abbott still puts in foundation with a
screw-driver. I don't know what we are going to do about
it. As long as the foundation goes in — goes in as well and
as rapidly as he cares to have it, 'spects we'll have to sub-
mit. Even if he picks cherries with his mouth instead of
his hands, he must be the boss. Page 773.

THE BEST MANAGEMENT.

" He who can so manage as to exchange all surplusbees
grown during the season, for honey, and come out with the
same number of colonies he started out with, has solved the
problem best."— F. Greiner, page 776.

Just so. In religion folks oft think they have the
graces because they can tell about them in words ; but in
bee-culture I don't think many will make a similar mistake
about the above. Good to have the things in words, and to
repeat the words o'er and o'er ; but though we watch,
though we fight, possibly though we also pray, most of us
are going to fall short. Those words occur in a meaty arti-
cle. The experiences that shaken swarms sometimes abscond
even when brood is given them, and that once a shaken
swarm managed to come to nothing with an entrance-guard
on — these experiences are valuable, lest we run too much to
theory on current fads.

BEAUTY AND GOODNESS A SPAN.

I don't know but it's time to say once again the little
word that there is to be said on the other side — have heard
so very often the manifest truth that beauty in bees is not
what we want. Sure, and it is'nt — but jist listen : The
scrub cow has no beauty, and her milk is blue. The Jersey
■ is delicately beautiful, and her milk is surprisingly rich.
Beauty is not what is wanted in this case ; but somehow the
beauty and rich milk are pretty sure to be found in span.
Same of the nice-looking Holstein. Her looks are an out-
ward and visible sign that she can lick the scrub out of her
boots in the number of gallons. 'Spect it's rather the rule
than the exception that a valuable quality has some look —
usually a nice Aw/-— that sticks closely to it. But this is no
excuse for the scandal of selling mere prettiness when no-
body knows or cares what the honey-qualities are. Page
776.

THE " LAYING HABIT " OF QUEENS.

And isn't W. J. Stahmann att/ajy o^in thinking that
limited laying for the first week or two is going to do any-
thing to make a young queen unprolific ? Reasonable that
laying habits running the whole first season might persist

58

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

through life, providing it's so. And, in good sooth, the
other, in case it's so, is much more important for us than
if it looked reasonable. Reasonableness can probably be
found later on, if the fact is assuredly just as claimed. Is a
queen like a rocket ? A rocket held down for a very short
time is going to fly lower on account of it. Page 776.

EMPTYING HALF-FILLBD SECTIONS.

The experience of Edwin Bevins is that with a super
bottomed with burlap in such a way that the bees can only
get through a hole at one end, they empty half-filled sec-
tions pretty promptly. Wonder how often this will fail.
Suspect that sometimes a weak colony will vote that the
chamber is a little cool, and they can just as well bring
down the honey some other day. Page 781.

^Ifi^Jfi^^itmJfi^jamJIMt

Questions and Answers. \

CONDUCTED BT

DR. O. O. laiLLER, Mareago, HI,

(The QuestlonB may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editok.1

Sweet Clover.

1. How many pounds of sweet clover seed does it take
to sow an acre ?

2. Will it grow on new land very roughly plowed ?

3. Which is the better honey-producer, the white or the
yellow ? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. Sow the same amount of seed that is
generally sown of red clover in your neighborhood. Half
as much will do if seed is scarce and land plenty. But if
you want sweet clover to bloom every year on the same
land, you must sow two years in succession, for it is a bien-
nial.

2. Yes, and it will grow on land not plowed at all, if
the seed be tramped in by stock.

3. I don't know. Some claim that yellow is better than
the white, but the white is better known. It would be a
good plan to try both.

Shaken Swarms and Other Old Ideas.

How new that shaken swarm idea is ! C. J. H.
Graven horst gave it more than 30 years ago. Then read
J. H. Nellis' catalogs, and the half-Langstroth frames and
half-cases way back in the seventies ; also in The Exchange.
The Gravenhorst swept swarms is an old and well-tried sat-
isfactory practice. I have known of its use 26 or 28 years.
Mr. Heddon got lots of his work from the Nellis half-cases.

The old-timers are not all dead yet. Some remember
the past use. Connecticut.

Answer. — Yes, forced or shaken swarms are much older
than many suppose. The plan is so much in accord with
natural swarming, being merely a way of anticipating it,
that it is quite the natural thing that one should think of
operating by it, and so it comes to pass that probably a
good many in different quarters conceived of it independ-
ently of each other.

Some Cross Italian Bees.

that you have been unfortunate in getting a colony excep-
tionally cross. It is also possible that another season you
may find them more gentle. The past season was in your
locality one to give cause for ill-nature in almost any colony
— cool nights with heavy dews and little storing.

Oregon and Washington for Bee-keeping.

Please give what information you can about Oregon
and Washington in regard to apiculture. What is the main
source for honey ? How does that country compare with
Minnesota for bees ? What about climate and soil ?

Minnesota.

Answer. — These questions are too much for me, and I
am not sure just where is the best place to apply for infor-
mation— possibly by addressing Hon: James Wilson, Secre-
taryof Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

My bees needed shaking this year, they did not swarm
or work, either. I bought 6 colonies in box-hives last win-
ter, and transferred them to Heddon hives. They were
blacks, and tartars at that, and I had a job, too. I thought
from all I had read that if I put in Italian queens their
brood would be gentle, but I was mistaken. They are as
pretty as can be, but are just as cross as the blacks were. I
dare not take a friend in the garden where they are, as they
dispute possession, every time. Why is this ?

South Carowna.

Answer. — Italians as a whole are gentler than blacks,
yet they are not all alike, and sometimes a colony of Ital-
ians is anything but remarkable for good-nature. It may be

When to Transfer Bees.

I began the bee-business about four months ago. I
bought 33 colonies of bees, and find the ones in large hives
in better shape than those in the small hives. I have taken
as high as 40 pounds of white honey from one hive, and only
cut off the hive 6 or 8 inches to put on a super in the spring.
I have about 12 colonies to transfer. When would be the
best time to transfer them ? Tennessee.

Answer. — The usual time for transferring is in fruit-
bloom, although there is an increasing disposition to defer
it till three weeks after the casting of a prime swarm.

Were They Prime Swarms.

I had a swarm of bees issue from the parent hive July
13, and hived them on 10 drawn combs, on the old stand,
moving the hive from which they swarmed some distance.
On July 14 they swarmed out of the hive ; I put them in
again, and then took a comb of unsealed larva; and put in
the hive, and put them back again. This time they stayed
and went to building queen-cells. I tore the queen-cells
down, and they built them up again, and on August 4 they
swarmed again with the old queen clipped. Were they both
prime swarms ? Nebraska.

Answer. — I don't know. A swarm issuing with a lay-
ing queen is usually entitled to the name of " prime swarm,"
and when such a swarm sends out a swarm the same season,
the latter is called a virgin swarm. It looks as if there was
something abnormal in the case you mention, the second
issue being by dissatisfaction of the bees with their queen,
and I don't know enough to say positively as to the proper
nomenclature.

Extracting Honey — Comb vs. Extracted.

I see in a catalog that the Cowan Extractor, No. 15^ is
made for the Langstroth frame, of which the top-bar is 17 >^
inches long, 9's inches deep.

1. Can I extract a frame that is not so long ?

2. Or from frames not so deep as the Langstroth ?

3. Is there more profit in producing extracted than
comb honey ? Oregon.

Answers. — 1 and 2. Yes, a shorter or shallower frame
can be extracted in such an extractor all right.

3. I don't know. In some places one kind, in other
places the other kind is the more profitable. The kind of
honey may have something to do with it. The man may
have a good deal to do with it, There are many bee-keep-
ers who work for extracted honey exclusively, and they
probably think that under all the circumstances there is
more profit in that kind of honey for them. The same may
be said of comb honey. It is possible that no man living
can tell which would be better for you without actually try-
ing the two side by side.

Average Income per Colony— Book for An\ateurs-
Worms in Colonies.

upon your reply to the following question will depend

whether I follow bee-culture as a business, or for pleasure :

1. What is the enclosed sage ? Is it a honey-producer?

Jan. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

59

2. I am situated about 900 feet above valley level, out of
the frost-line ; within 2 miles, in either direction, are about
1000 acres of enclosed sapre, 100 acres orchard (prune and
apricot), 3 acres eucalyptus, and larjje quantities of flowers.
How many colonies of bees will they support, there being
no bees in any quantity in the neighborhood ?

3. What should be the average income per colony ?

4. I have " Bee-Keepiiig for Beginners," by Dr. Brown,
and the " Cook's Manual." Would you suggest any other
book for an amateur ?

5. I have purchased 5 colonies of black bees containing
about as many worms as bees. What will I do with them ?

CALIFORNIA.

AxswKKS. — 1. [The enclosed plant is a Fleabane, but
too dry and withered to determine the species. It belongs
to the Composite family. — C. L. Wai.TON ]

2 and 3. I don't know. Questions like these are exceed-
ingly difficult to answer. Indeed they have no exact answer.
If you should ask me the average yield per colony in my

location for the past five years, I might tell you exactly ;
but if you ask about the next year or the next five years, I
must say I don't know. It may be very much more or very
much less. If you can get some one situated as you are to
tell you what his results in the past have been, it will give
you some data on which to base a guess. Sorry I cannot
give you any more satisfactory answer.

4. " Dadant's Langstroth " and Root's "ABC of Bee-
Culture " are both worthy of the highest commendation.

5. Go through all the colonies and dig out at least the
worst cases. Wherever you see a web of the wax-worm, dig
it out. Take a wire-nail, dig open one end of the gallery,
then start at the other end and tear it open till you have
opened the whole length. That will generally dislodge the
worm, which you will dispatch. Do all you can to keep the

I colonies strong, and as little as possible to weaken them.
Weak colonies are the ones that succumb to worms. As
soon as you can, Italianize. With strong colonies of Ital-
ians you will not need to pay any attention to worms.

$

47^

H M OUR
HPHCENUINE'
SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL

TOP BUGGY

is sold direct from tne makers at 8^47 .SOaud
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL

tvfd before acceptance. This is YOUR
^iunce. Just drnp postal for catalogue.
OiilO (AKKLU.E fflFG. TO.

StKtIOD G. - - (illClDDBll, Ohio.

n

"I

Flease mention Bee Journal ■when writinp

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalog — it's free.
3A13t R. M. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.

There are Some

exclusive eoo<l features in Paize Fences that have
never been Imilated, namely, mir peculiar wire,
and our process of coilinK it.
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If you arc Interested In Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.
Wool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheepbreeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO ILL,

mMfnim

The thresherman has many reasons, too many to give
here. Summecjup.it means the model threshing.' "utftt,
lhet>esl mniieycan t.uy. You will find the i atest calalui:
'^^'n Rumely's Rear Geared Traction Engines and
New Rumely Separators full uf llire-^liermen*'; \<i::ic..
ar^.:ino!itlh,-it c.uMn.es. Write us f._.r it. Mailed tree.

M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.

''lease mention. Bee Joiimai -wtirtii ■wruiiUi.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

- — ^FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Quide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

_ _ and f^any to
If you work for us. We will start you in
^ouelness and fumLsh the capital. Work
■light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
'line of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, llli.
•^'eajTO mention tsee Journal when -wnXiiis,

LFROM MANY FIELDS |

SmokeF-Fuel— Wintering Well.

The smoker-fuel question I have watched
with a vigilant eye, but I have not seen the
liind mentioned that I use. I do not know
its reai name, but I call it " stump smoke."
It grows on the side of old, decayed stumps
in the woods. Find it when it is dry; if you
gather it then, you will tind it the very best
fuel for smokers there is. One smoker-full
will last and burn from 4 to 9 hours. Try it
and report.

Bees are wintering well at this date.

R. J. Cart.

Fairfield Co., Corin., Dec. 29.

Trying Year in Texas.

This year has been a trying time on farmers
and bee-keepers. I have 186 colonies of bees,
and they went into winter quarters in tine
shape, i still live in hopes, if I die in despair.
We have had an abundance of rain which
brought up the mint crop, and if we have the
right season in I'.IOS we will surely be in the
light on honey. F. .J. K. Davesi-ort.

Ellis Co., Texas, Dec. L'6.

Catnip as a Honey-Plant.

I think catnip is one of the best honey-pro-
ducing plants we have, as it produced some
forage for our bees about six months the past
season. Where I found it growing the thrift-
iest, was in an old abandoned quarry, where
the sun beats in very warm. There wasabout
two acres of it. Arthck Stanley.

Lee Co., 111.

[We can supply catnip seed at 20 cents an
ounce, postpaid. — Eiutor ]

Paraffin in Bottom of Shipping-
Cases.

I have found the use of wa.xed-paper in
the preparation of no-drip eases a little
troublesome. I have to send away for it,
moreover. Hence the necessity for inventing
some other contrivance. It oecured to me
that the joinings between the bottom-board
and the side and end, and those at the angles
for an inch up, might readily be made water-
tight by the use of paraffin. I tried the ex-
periment just now. With a small iron plane
I made some puraffin shavings. These I put
in an empty tin box, that had Ijeen used for
holding beliadoiia plaster, and melted. I
then poured a suiall quantity of this liquefied
parafliu into one corner of a case, and by tilt-
ing it as required I the case, I mean,; Icaused
the paraffin lo How all around in the angles at
the four corners. This scheme worked very

Grand New Book

for 1003. "How to Make Money
I With Poultry and Incubators."

Si.-e 8x11 inches. 106 pages. Con-
t;iins among itsmany other invalu-
able things fcrPoultrymenthefol-
lowing Special Chapters; I. Start-
ing Wilh an Incubator; II. Hand-
ling Chicks in an Incubator; III.
Feeding the Chicks: IV. Duck Pro-
ducing on a Large Scale; V. Broiler Raising; VI.
Profitable Egg Farming; VII. The Egg and Poultry
Combination; VIII. Egg and Fruit Farming; IX.
Scratching Shed House Plans; X. Incubator and
Brooder House Plans; XI. Feeding for Eggs, and

XH. standard Bred Poultry. We usually request lu cents to
pay forthe mailing of this book, but tor the next 80 days

till

papl. .-

Address r

CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.

Boffalo, N. \, Chicago, 111. Boaon, MaBB. New York, S. T,

Flease mention Bee Journal ■wheu ■WTitins,

^^ FENCE!

STROMGEST

MADE. Bull

strong, Chicken-

the Farmerat Wholesale

Prices. KnllrWarraiiled. Catalog Free.

Boi

Please mention the Bee Jonrual

WEEKS before

your neighbors, Leatlet telliufr how. and 3

packets earliest tomato s.-ed. for 2Sc in stamps.

J. F. MICHAEL,

2Etf R. 6, WINCHESTER. INO.

Flease mention Bee journal when ■writing-

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For hatfhing and brood-
intr use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS >-

li. A. BBnta, I.lffonler, Indiana

[^ 4bA20t Please mention theEee Journal.

The White Mfg. Co.

wants to sell you j'our Supplies. Send for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free. Best goods for best
prices. Address,

THE WHITE MFG. CO.

3A4t BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.

Please mention Bee Journal -when •writinB

I!i§ New Regulator

i.r !. I I .1 ,1 ^(vleniai:hines.

:;.i .HI, 1, , , i ivi.'u tiinl oltfr.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.,
Clay Center, Kcb., or Columbus, Ohio. .

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

60

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

G. B. LEWISCO.,

Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.

BEE-K:-H!EFER,S' STJFFLiIES

1903 Catalog Ready.— I£ you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed you FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS.— On all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
count of 2 percent.

To parties sendintr us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10.00 or more, at reg^ular prices,
• we will mal^e the following low rates on Journals: Gleanings in Bee Culture (serai-monthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) TOc. List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Jounial when -writiug.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

Retail and Wholesale.

This foundation is made by a process that
produces the superior of any. It is the clean-
est and purest. It has the t^rislitest color and
sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, be-
cause it has the thinnest base. It is tough,
and clear as crystal, and give's more sheets to
the pound than any other make.

Working tvax into Foundation
tor Casli a Speolalt j . Ueestvax
alM'ays 'wanted at liigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES
with prices and samples, FREE on applica-
tion.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please •nention Bee Journal ■when "writiiig,.

" MouniiUiilonGolleoe I

Open to both sexes from the begin- V

mng. Founded in 1S46. Highest grade V

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 J£

instructors. Alumni and students occu- ^

pying highest positions in Church and ^

State. Expenses lower than other col- V

*rf leges of equal grade. Any young person k,

\ with tact and energy can have an educa- r*

/| tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

jrf for catalog. \.

\ MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

?| Alliance, Ohio. V

®t:?TrTr>rT'rw^^>^>rTrTr>r®
TOSTARTYOJINBU^INESU

We will present you with tlie fli-st t.').vou
take in to etait yon in a good paving I usi-
nesd. Send 10 Cents for full line oi s-.mplea
and directions bow to betrin.
nRJPFR PimjIct'iMfi rn rm,. . ..
Please menti on Bee Journal when writing,

9 I «^.80 For
I f£ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction nml
action. Hatclie3 every rerlil'_-
egg. Write for catalog to-iluv,

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, 111.

46A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

IT 15 A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
dif^counts for winter-time orders — all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
In Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.

40A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

)pE GROWN V'A^llHkll^

OURBOOK

HOWTOGROW
FRUIT
SEND FOR IT

E freichtpaV,

JLtiTUS NURSERYne'maha-neb
Please mention Bee Jovimal wbea 'Wi'ltlBg

"What Happened to Ted"

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuuate in citj life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6J^ inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.

227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

Please Mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

"^■*.sgi

Mulh's Special the Best

Regulation dovetail with ys Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

I^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

Froat & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee journal vrhen •wxltlna

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. T ^rv'rri

* CASH — for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.

Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

nicely, indeed. AH that now seems necessary
to perfect the arrangement will be to put some
excelsior in the bottom of the crate on which
rests the cases. I leave the plan with you to
speak for itself, free from any restriction as to
whatever use you see to ma:teof it.

At preserving-time, I find the plane a con-
venient instrument for maliing the paraffin
shavings, which my wife uses by puttingthem
in the jelly tumblers and before she pours in
the hot jelly or fruit.

Dk. W. O. Eastwood.

Ontario, Canada, Dec. 19.

Prefers lO-Frame Hives.

I started last spring with 10 colonies, and
increased to 37, which I have in the cellar,
having put them there Nov. 2ij, in good shape.

My honey crop was light ; I had only ISO
pounds of section honey, which I run for al-
together. I look for a good honey crop next
season. I never saw as much white clover as
there is now.

As to the hives that suit me. I prefer the
"Wisconsin" to all others. I bought 11
Danzeubaker and 5 Wisconsin last spring,
and find I like the Wisconsin the better; the
Danzeubaker is too shallow. I found that my
bees swarmed twice as much in S-frame hives
as they did in 10-trame. I will not use any
but 10-frame hives in the future.

As to wintering bees in the cellar, I had
such good luck last winter that I am trying it
again. 1 put a ventilator 9 by 13 inches in it,
so I can ventilate it to suit me.

E. B. Pbitchett.

Warren Co., Iowa, .Ian 5.

An Old Subscriber.

I commenced in the days of Wagner, and
have taken the American Bee Journal about
all the time since, and am now over 80 years
old. It is much belter today than it has ever
been before. Long may it live.

.J. W. Robinson.

Columbia Co., Wis., Dec, 2.

Queen-Rearing.

They say that in a multitude of counsellors
there is safety, but I tell you that as far as
queen-rearing is concerned, (iallup. Alley.
Doolittle, etc., have got me where I hardly
know where I am at. I rear queens only for
ray own use, but I want the best that can be
reared. I have tried nearly all the methods
given, with varying results, during the last
few years, and have thought that 1 had set-
tled down to the best way to rear queens, but
now comes a host of old veterans {as witness
the last volume of the American Bee Journal)
and almost quarrel over the way queens
should be reared. So you see where it places
us ordinary mortals, who just begin to think
we know something. But let them come,
and while you are about it, let W. H. Laws
finish what he promised us on page 598 of the
American Bee .Journal for 1902.

Yours for further enlightenment,

L. L. Travis.

Wyoming Co., Pa., Dec. 30.

[All right, there are no laws, as far as we
know, against Mr. Laws finishing the queen-
rearing story he began. He can send on more
of it any time he finds time to write it out. —
Editor.]

Didn't Get Any Honey.

This is the first year since I commenced to
keep bees that I did not get any honey— not
one pound from 45 colonies; but everything
looks favorable for next year. 1901 was too
dry, and 1902 too wet, but I got SOO pounds in
1901, JouN A. Blocher.

McLean Co., 111., Dec. 2r.

Swarming— Light Honey- Yield.

Although 85 years t)ld next month, I still
keep a few colonies of bees, not for the profit
but for pleasure and pastime, I live in the
city and have not room for more than 30 or 40
colonies, I run them for comb honey. I coa-

Jan. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

61

ti'ol swanniiijj by destroying the ciueen-cells;
if tliey should swarm, 1 always save them. I
have not had a swarm abscond for 15 years. I
watch them closely, and as soon as they are
all out I open the old hive and take out a
frame of brood, place it in a new hive with
frames and starters, and put it near where
they are about to alight. Quite often they
go in without alighting; if not, shake a few
of' them in front of the hive. As soon as they
are in the hive move it slowly to the place
where it is to remain for the season. The
scouts come back and find the swarm gone,
tly around until discouraged, and go back to the
old home. In about 3 days I put on a super
with sections and foundation.

The past season was very light in the honey-
yield. I had i'i colonies, spring count, got
an average of 40 pounds per colony, and sold
it at li,ome at 1.5 cents for full pound sections.

I cannot do without the "old reliable"
American Bee .Journal. .John Ci.ine.

Lafayette Co., Wis., Dec. 31.

Forced Swarm from Two Colonies.

The following plan, given by .1. E. Crane,
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, will suit some
who want to increase:

Some place their bees out in the spring in
pairs, two colonies close together; and when
the swarming season arrives one of these col-
onies is shaken into a new hive, while the
other is removed to a new location, and given
the brood-combs from the one from which the
bees have been shaken. Thus, one new col-
ony receives all the bees from one old one,
and all the mature bees of the other with sur-
plus boxes, etc.

A little later, however, the colony having
the double allowance of brood will need
another shaking to prevent swarming. Here
is the plan given by L. Stachelhausen, in the
same paper:

These artificial swarms can be used in dif-
ferent combinations. For instance, to pre-
vent swarmmg in out-apiaries I use the fol-
lowing management, which Doolittle recom-
mended some years ago : The strongest col-
onies are brushed or shaken on starters on
the old stand. The brood-combs and a queen
from a nucleus in a Miller cage, closed with
candy, are set on the place of another strong
colony, and this is set on a new stand. In
this way swarming is prevented in too strong
colonies.

For comb honey we need very strong colo-
n'l's, so we can shake all the bees from two
suong colonies into one hive, and set this
swarm on the stand from which it received
the C|ueen. The brood-combs of both colo-
nies are set on the stand of the other colony,
without the queen. With the queen, if she is
a good one, and one or two brood-combs, we
can form a nucleus. Ten days later this col-
ony is brushed off, and the old or a young
queen introduced. So we have two strong
colonies which can be used for comb-honey
production, and a number of combs contain-
ing capped brood, which can be used for
i|uickly strengthening nuclei or other weak
colonies.

Bacillus Alvei and Mesentericus.

Are they the same? Dr. Lambotte thinks
he has proven that they are; our "After-
thinker" is skeptical; Adfian Getaz also
demurs. In the American Bee-Keeper, be-
sides giving reasons for some doubt, he gives
so succinctly the reasons for Dr. Lambotte's
belief that it is worth while to quote at
length, as follows :

The bacillus mesentericus is not always,
and, in fact, not often met in decomposed and

FOR THE BEST

IIIVK!!), j^.nOUKRS, EXTRACTORS, FOIirWOATIOlV-

AND ALL

KEE'KEEPKRS' SUPPLIES,

Address, X-.E.A-H'Y" l^wdHHC^-. OO.

lig-g-insville, 1730 S. 13th Street,

Mo. Omaha, Neb.

Hease mention Bfie Journal when writina

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping (Jueens
wings. It is used by many bee
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at ?1.00; or for §1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one j'ear

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 14(3 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, II L

TO BE GIVEN AWAY.

For Next 30 Days Only,

ne «ill mail our fine valuable Poultry
II iok FKKE. Tells .vouallaboutpoultry.
how to make big money with poultry and

JOHN BAUSCHER. JR.. B]i 94. FREEPORT.Ill

Mease mention Bee Journal ■when ■WTiting

PREC

^^— Wm rr. t'J-'''^v, or for Ic. in. stamps and the r
^HIB.BbBb of ;; iifiirhburs who are actual seed buye
■ we^vi^lsendourcat^llM-ueand packet of ,
^theCiant Red, Madam Perret PANSY

ifyou write befnre Mar.. Ii \bth. Address,

COLE'S SEED STORE. Pella. Iowa.

:iuai seeu uuyeri

SEED

Tip=Top Glass Honey- Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made of the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
makes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,

which is an important thing with honey-
sellers.
We can furnish these Jars, f.o.b. Chicago,

at tliese prices : One gross, $5.00 ; two gross.

$4.7" a gross; five or more gross $4.50 per

gros
It , >u try them once you will likely use no

other iind of top or sealing arrangement for

honey ars.

•> JEORGE W. YORK & CO.

1+4 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI^

DAIRYMEH ARE DELIGHTED

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters FOX Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from rae. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book order.s for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

Office and Salesrooms— 2146-4.8 Central Ave. /^ I M/^ I IVT IVT A TT I f\%-il f\
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves. W I i^ W I 1^ 1^ /\ I 1< KJ ll l\J ,

Please mention Bee Journal -wlien ■writing

Please .fleDtion the Bee Journal iJlJrS^SS...

62

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

putrefj'in? substances. Wet bread and cold
cream are the substances on which it is
usually seen. The numerous germs which
are always present in the air, and so rapidly
decompose dead substances, belong nearly all
to another order ot beings.

Briefly, the arguments presented by Dr.
Lambotte are these ;

1. The bacillus uiesentericus and bacillus
alvei have the same shape, the same size, and
present the same arrangement when culti-
vated.

2. Both bacilli produce (out of the matter
in which they live) a ropy, glue-like sub-

3. Both have the same effect on the serum
of the blood, when injected in the veins of an
animal. This last consideration is presented
by Prof. Lambotte as conclusive.

4. A "culture" of bacillus mesentericus
was spread over some brood to give them the
disease. The larv:v were killed, but after
three days the bees had cleaned them out, and
no further damage was observed. This ex-
perience was repeated a number of times with
invariably the same result.

Prof. Lambotte then tried another plan. He
took a number of larv.-e, ground them, and
made a " culture '' with it. In this culture
he introduced some bacilli mesentericus--re-
peated the operation on the same set several
times, so as to get them used to that kind of
food. These are not the terms that he used,
but it is the meaning. Then he applied the
culture to a comb of brood. The result was,
that about one-fifth of the larvje were dis-
eased, and the remainder had been cleaned
out by the bees, when examined.

Well, as Dr. Miller says sometimes, " I
don't know," but, .iudging by Dr. Lambotte's
own report, I should rather think he is wrong.

As to this first item, I may say that the two
bacilli, though apparently identical, may yet
be different. Bacilli are very small things,
and only their general size and shape can be
ascertained under the microscope. It is very
much like looking at two men at a distance of
a quarter of a mile with our natural eyes.
Their general size and shape can be seen, but
all the details of the face, hands, etc., escape
our sight entirely.

As to the second point, while the products
obtained are in both cases ropy, glue-like,
and ot about the same consistency and color,
they may yet not be identical. And if they
were it would not be impossible that two dif-

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, Girls, old and younjr alike,
make niouey working for us.
We fnmlBh capital to fltart y^TJ In bu&U
Dwa. Send as 10c stamps or silver for full incitructioDB and a line ot

vDpleatoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cblcago.m.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bat 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only J1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-

*"^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

14*& 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILIr.

Forty Years
Among the Bees

By DR. C. C. MILLER.

The above is the title, and name of the
author, of a new bee-book which will be ready
early in February, 1903, as it is now in the
hands of the printers. It is a book that every
bee-keeper in the world that can read English
will want to own and read. It will contain over
300 pages, be bound in handsome cloth, printed
on good book-paper, and illustrated with over
100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken
by Dr. Miller himself. The book will show in
detail how Dr. Miller does things with bees.

The first few pages of the new book are de-
voted to an interesting biographical sketch of
Dr. Miller, which finally tells how he happened
to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago
he wrote a small book, called, " A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been out of
print for a number of years. While some of the
matter used in the former book is found in the
new one, it all reads like a good new story of
successful bee-keeping by one of the masters.

How to Get a copy of Dr. Miller's

" Forty Years Among the Bees."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-
paid ; or, if taken with the weekly American
Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for
SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the
American Bee Journal whose subscription is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's
new book,/>r^ as a premium for sending us Two
New Subscribers to the Bee Journal for one
year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer.
Better send in the new subscriptions before
Jan. 1, so they can begin with the new year.
Or, if sent at once, we will throw in the rest of
this year's numbers of the Bee Journal free to
the new subscribers.

GEORGE H. YORK S CO.,

144 & 14(5 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL,.

DR. C. C. MILLER.

Send for Our Catalogue'

cut this ad uutand

please mention Be© Journal -when writiEe

MARVIN SMITH CO.,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

63

terent bacilli could produce the same sub-
stance.

The fourth item seems to me a clincher
atcaiost the Professor. A culture of bacillus
alvei from a diseased colony applied to sound
brood, as the Professor did, would have, in
each and every instance, developed a raginfr
ease of foul brood, while the application of a
culture of bacillus mesentericus failed to pro-
duce any disease. However, I do not want to
be too docmatie. The Professor says that
some of his attempts at introducing the bacil-
lus alvei also failed.

The fifth item is not very conclusive. One-
fifth of the larviv got sick, and very sick at
that, and their sickness was almost, if not
altogether, like foul brood. Still, it might
not have been foul brood. We might prepare
a concoction of putrid meat, •'embalmed
beef,''X)r such things like that, which, when
eaten, might produce a sickness very much
like cholera morbus, and yet it would not be
a case of cholera morbus.

If that tifth of the larv;v which got sick
were really a case of foul brood, the whole
colony would become diseased entirely in the
course of a few months. Unfortunately noth-
ing is said on that point.

In view of this failure to develop foul
brood by inoculating cultures of bacillus
mesentericus, it maj- seem strange that Prof.
Lambotte still insists that it is the same bacil-
lus which produces foul brood. He claims,
however, that the spores are probably always
present, and only develop when the conditions
are favorable, that is, lack of proper food, too
much dampness, etc.

Those who know how rapidly foul brood
spreads throughout a whole apiary even when
the colonies are in the very best condition,
are not likely to accept such an explanation.

Rules for Making Forced Swarms.

1. Don't brush unless it is very strong.

'.i. Don't brush unless there is a good flow,
or to control the swarming fever, as perhaps
you will have to do at times.

3. Be sure that the bees gorge themselves
with honey.

4. If you don't leave a few old bees in the
old hive you must not shake out the thin un-
sealed honey, for the young bees use it as a
substitute for water, and, of course, the force
left will all be needed to nurse the brood.

5. If you use any drawn comb in the
supers, and none in the brood-chambers, you
will catch some pollen. Unless an excluder
is used, the queen will go above and lay in
the sections that contain drawn comb.

6. Don't use an excluder if you can avoid
it, as it tends to discourage the bees from
promptly entering the supers.

7. Have your hive level and shaded.

S. Be sure to reinforce the swarm with
another drive from the old hive within seven
days. — J. E. Chambers, in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet Feb. 4 and 5, in Mad-
ison, Wis. Special program prepared. Ex-
cursion railroad rates and special hotel rates
secured. N. E. France, Pres.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. V., Saturday, March 7, I'WS.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

iVlichigan.- The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 3 and 4, l'i03, in the Council Rooms of the
City Hall, at Lansing. The rooms are in the
third story, back away from the noise of
the street, yet they can be reached by the ele-
vator.

Arrangements have been made at a nice, clean
hotel, the Wentworth House, only two blocks
from the place of meeting, wliere bee-keepers
will be accommodated at $1.50 a day.

The Michigan State Dairymen will hold their
convention at the Agricultural College, Lan-
sing, on the same dates, as also will the State
Veterinaries, thus enabling the members of all
three societies to come at reduced rates. When
buying your ticket you will pay full fare, and
ask for a certificate " on account of Michigan
Dairymen's Convention," as the secretary of
tbis convention is to sign the certificates for all
three of the conventions. This certificate will
enable you to go back at one-third fare.

The first session will be on the evening of the
3rd, when E. R. Root will show us " Bee-Keep-
ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific, as seen
through the Camera and Stereopticon." This
will consist of portraits of distinguished bee-
keepers, of apiaries, hives, implements, meth-
ods, etc., all lully explained. A more enjoya-
ble entertainment for a bee-keeper can not te
imagined.

Mr. C. A. Huff, who has been experimenting
the past season with formalin for curing foul
brood, has promised to be present. jNIessrs.
Soper and Aspinwall are not tar away, and will
probably be present. Mr. Aspinwall has kept
about 70 colonies for the past 10 years, without
losing a colony in winter. He can tell us how
be has prevented this loss; also how he pre-
vents swarming. Mr. T. F. Bingham, who has
been so successful wintering bees in a cellar
built like a cistern, is also expected. Messrs.
A. D. D. Wood and J. H. Larrabee will help to
make the meeting a success.

This is the first time that the convention has
been held in the Southern part of the State in
several years; let us turn out and show our ap-
preciation of the event.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

Prevent Honey Candying

HENRy'aLLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

We are tlie Largest Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send for catalog.
A.

1

i •■■rw9^i^^^^^.^.;:':^^-. Minneapolis, Minn.

^ We MTe tlie Best toofls, Lowest Prices, anil Best Stiippins: Facilities.

Have You Seen OurjElue Cat-

alog? 60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST goods
at the LOWEST prices. Alternating hives and Ferguson supers. Sent FREE; write for it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa'*!; price-list free.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.

Agencies: Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.; Shugart^&Our
Spangler, Kentland, Ind.

Council Bluff lo

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

K MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, Jan 9.— The demand is not more
than usual; hence stocks are sufiicient, espe-
cially as Cuba has now comb honey on this
market. This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as it obvi-
ates the necessity of laying in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw from in the
winter and spring months. The best grades of
white comb sell at 15@16c per pound, with
travel-stained and light amber, 13@14c; darker
grades, 10(a»i2. Extracted, 7@.Sc for white, and
t)@7c lor ambers. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Jan. 7. — Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mixed, 14c; buckwheat, 13@14c. Extracted,
white, 'fa'iic; dark and buckwheat, 7Sj>7'^c.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
here. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24 sections, $3.50; No. 1 at $3.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7Mc; amber, 6@6Jic. Beeswax, 27@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at SK@6^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, SS^^tc. Fancy white comb
honey, 16(ail7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 29@30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Dec. 23.— The market on comb
honey is dull and inactive. While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at ISc; No. 1, 14c; No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from lOfiii^c. Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7Hc; light am-
ber, 65i@7c; dark, 5H!(a>6c. Beeswax firm at
from 28@29c. Hildrbth <ft Sbqblkbr.

Cincinnati, Jan. 3.— The comb honey mar-
ket is a little quiet, almost everybody being
filled up._ As there is hardly any new supply
in, there is no change in prices, viz.: Fancy
water-white, 16c; off grades less. The market
for extracted white clover shows a slight ad-
vance. Fancy water-white brings SJ^igOc; al-
falfa water-white, 6}^(S7J^c; amber, in barrels,
5yi@5M;c. Beeswax, 27(fi.^2Sc.

C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Dec. 17.— White comb honey,
ll!^@12i^c; light amber, 10@llc; dark, 5@bHc.
Extracted, white, 6ig65^c; light amber, SsSiic;
amber, 4@4J^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
2b®27]4c; strictly fancy light, 29@30c.

The bulk of California produced honey is sold
for Eastern shipment in carload lots from pro-
ducing points at bottom price. Small lots of
choice honey that can be used in local trade
bring more. Quotations here given are current
prices to producer, f.o.b. shipping point, on
Eastern basis for extracted and California basis
delivery point subject to agreement for comb.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted aud let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.

INCHAM'S PATENT

|2£ Smokers

Z^Atf T. R BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich

PIea*?e mention Bee Journal -when ■writing,

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

' - ' ■ a iiuiy liuvf i.iart of it if you work
Vm.-le Sam's poultry' product pava
m. Send 10c for samples and partio-
We furnish capital to start you In

business. Draper PublishloK CcChicajoJII.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien wrlttni^

B

64

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1903.

BEE=KEEPERS, |

Save Money by Buying

Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers,

TtlE W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

S" Our ^oods are guaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way. Jj
Send for our large illustrated catalog, Tj
and copy of 7i
THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER, S
2^ a monthly for all bee-keepers; SOcayear, S
0 (Now in I2th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.) G

L»' E»" W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottingham, 1

N- H., carries a full line of our goods at J

catalog prices. Order of him and save %

freight. 2

PleP^e tnention Bee Journal wnen vrriting

ANOTHER CARLOAD

OF THAT FINE

Wbite Alfalla Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

I^A sample by mail, lOc for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago: 1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at 8'2C
a pound ; 2 boxes or more (4 or more
cans), at 8c a pound. We can furnish
Basswood Honey at '^c a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPLIESf

arS GOoi-

<iT ROOTS fSfiicE-

Everything used by bee-keepers

-- JARS. Pre

ght Rates.

HON

Low „

CATALOG

FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ^iitma,

C aXi^ixfrtttx I If yon care to know of Its
V^aillUnild 1 Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultnral

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Gal.
Hease mentioi. Bee Journal when writina.

S(i!V>^li&J^i«%K>^Ji%J^ii&J^l^VJ^JaVJ^J^&K>^Ji%Ji%JaVl^JiV>^ii%J^l^Ji%J«

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26111?
Year ^

Wf> a-<<nmnt<^(^ ^nf icfjirf inn What more can anybody do? beauty.

we guarantee .^dusidciion. purity, firihness, no sAoaiNa,

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Hrtpe if «*»!! en Wfll "? Because it has always given better satis-
U<J&^ II. s^li o\J wtii i faction than any other. Because in 25 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Why

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material. ?,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. J5

Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS •*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Rc\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

?«-^'^'^sr^'*rvr-^'vr'^*^«-^*^w^^*^W5r^*^^"^"^jr^'*r5*^^r^^^sr^K

NEW
IDEAS

CONTAINED

—IN—

ROOT'S

CATALOG

for 1903

THE

A. I. ROOT CO.,

riedina, Ohio.

The New Danzenbaker Nailless Cover. This is one

which we believe will become very popular. It is a reversible
flat cover. The flat cover is preferred by many large bee-
keepers. It is metal-boudd and already put together before
leaving the factory. See catalog for illustration. This can
be ordered for our regular Dovetailed hive either 8-frarae or
10-frame. Investigate the merits of this cover before placing
your order.

The "A" Bottom-Board. This is something entirely
new this season. It consists of a 2= rinch rim with a tilting
floor-board, allowing an adjustmeni of depth of entrance to
suit season or individual preference of user. This bottom will
also be found veiy valuable for cellar-wintering, and for mov-
ing bees there is nothing equals it for convenience and safety.
Mr. F. A. Salisbury, of Syracuse, N. Y., a bee-keeper and sup-
ply-dealer of over 25 years' experience, says: " The new style
' A ' bottom can not be beat. We put up one, and it is the

German Wax-Press. This we've improved since a year
ago, placing a heavy oak cross-arm above in place of cover-
plates. We believe it is perfect in construction.

Cornell Smoker for 1903 has a

clined to topple over at the most
zle is supplied with wire-coil hai
with projected metal bindings
strengthen the bellows-boards, pi
form a verv convenient hold in

new nozzle which is not in-
inopportune time; this noz-
idle. The bellows is bound
which protect the leather,
'event warping of same, and
operating the smoker. The

general plan is the same as heretofore, but these added im-
provements make it much superior to anything we have
formerly supplied. Made in three sizes. Prices: Jumbo,
$1.25; Standard, 85c; Junior, 6£c. Postage, 25c extra.

Vesuvius Smoker. This is the
we are preparing to furnish this yi
ferent from anything we have he
breech-loading hot-blast, with renn
cover. The nozzle of this smoker i

lame of the new smoker
ar, which is entirely dif-
etofore offered. It is a
vable grate attached to
fastened permanently to

barrel. This has same metal binding as the new Cornell.
Price, $1.00; postage, 25c exta. See illustration in the catalog.

Brass Smokers, we can s

large-size Bingham smoker
additional.

Super SprlngfS. The supers sent out this season will con-
tain removable springs instead of the stationary springs as
formerly supplied.

Other Goods. We are always on the lookout for improve-
ments in bee-keepers' supplies, etc., and will introduce such
as soon as we are satisfied of their superiority over the ones
now in use.

Agencies carrying a stock ot our hi ves, etc., will be supplied
with these improvements in good time for this season's trade.
If you are not posted as to where you cin buy our supplies
advantageously, write us.

B*" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^ifiitlo !Li,r'

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

B^P* Let every bee-keeper in the United States write to his Senator in Washing-ton,
DC, urging him to call Up and vote for the NATIONAL PURE FOOD BILL that has
already been approved by the House of Representatives. Do it NOW.

p^lWERre^qyv

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JAN. 29, 1903.

No. 5.

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"i;^-^

APIARY OP V. H. PISHEK, OP GRUNDY CO., IL,r.

(Sii' page lis.)

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66

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV

GEORGE W. YORK S CONPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

IiLLER, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, ia the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address oa one side— Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the i?'ULL Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When orderlug-, be sure to saj just what name and

address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
[ rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the ''Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is lor a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cu' f,Mves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oJ
this^beautiful kuife, as ttv* ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal {withS-^W.) We will club the Noveitj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO,

J®*Please aUor* '»bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilieo.

Chicago, UL

An Italian Queen Free

IN MAY, 1903

To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.

We wish to make a liberal oflFer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid in advance. It is this : We will send you hKbb by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending- us $1.00 and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you /So.

We are booking orders for Queens now for next May delivery. Will
you have one or more ? This offer ought to bring in many orders. Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.

Address,

George W. York & Co., 144 East Erie St.. Chicago, 111.

,XOOl >^^ ■^Ri^^R^'^^'^i^ .^--^^-/N AMERICA

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JAN. 29, 1903.

No. 5,

Honey for Tired Eyes. — It is said that
when the eyes are tired from long study and
reading, a little honey rubbed on the lids at
night will relieve them. Easy enough for
bee-keepers to try, if they ever have the tired

Shipping and Grading Comb Honey.

—This is a subject that we have written oa
several times during the past few years, and,
judging from our annual experience we ought
to write on it every time the season comes
around for handling comb honey.

Recently we purchased a lot of honey from
an Iowa bee-keeper. He did not ask us how
we wanted it packed for shipping, nor did we
volunteer the iDtormation, thinking that of
course he knew how to do it all right.

There were over 40 twenty-four-section
cases in the lot, and, would you believe it *
They were shipped singly, instead of being
packed six or eight cases in a crate, with
straw under them, and the crate with two
handles at each end.

And what of the result i There were just
seven cases of it entirely broken out of the
sections, and some more combs cracked more
or less. What a pity, to produce comb honey,
and then through inexcusable carelessness or
ignorance ship it in a way that must inevit-
ably result in a loss, besides a miserable, sticky
mess to clean up, as it all had to be handled
over section by section, wiped off, the cases
washed out, and the honey put back into
them, after sorting the broken from the
whole combs.

Now, as to the grading: There wasn't any
attempt at this. There was No. 1 white,
amber, buckwheat, and granulated, all mixtd
in a case ! Out of some 40 cases there were
eighteen of amber and buckwheat, one of
granulated, two of culls, and the balance No.
1 white. Had this lot of honey been shipped
to some commission men, thej* would likely
have paid about 8 cents a pound for the lot,
calling it all amber and broken. They would
not, in all probability, have gone to the extra
work of sorting out the various grades, sep-
arated the broken combs, and cleaned up the
dauby mess.

We hope this experience will not only teach
a lesson to the particular snipper who sent
this lot of honey to us, but our description of
it should serve as a warning to all our readers
who produce and ship honey, to prepare it

properly for safe transportation on the rail-
road.

About the same time we received a ship-
ment of nice, white comb honey from Wiscon-
sin, which was prepared properly, with shav-
ings in the bottom of the crate, and not a
comb was broken down. It was also properly
graded. There was a great contrast between
the last shipment and the first one referred to.
It was a pleasure to handle the Wisconsin lot,
while the Iowa shipment was discouraging all
the way around — undoubtedly to the shipper
as well as to us.

Siniinins' Forced Swarms.— All the

time there is coming to light fresh evidence
that forced swarms have been made by many
who have said nothing about it, and there are
not wanting cases in which publicity has been
given to the practice, but for some reason less
attention was formerly given than lately to
the matter, and so a repetition of things said
years ago will now be timely. A letter from
the well-known English authority, Samuel
Simmins, calls attention not only to the
method of forced swarms, published by him
many years ago, but to a material difierence
in details which is worthy of serious considera-
tion. Mr. Simmins says:

FORCED SWARMS.

Did you ever read my '■ Non-Swarming
Pamphlet," published in 1886? It so, you will
see how forced — then called artificial — swarms
were to be hived on starters in preference to
full sheets of foundation, with this very im-
portant difference :

'^ AU t/ie beis were taken from one colony,
halt the bees from another. The latter had all
the spare combs — hence, still two powerful col-
onies and HO increftse. ' '

Now, why do you make two weal; colonies
out of one strong one, as you are all doing ?
Is that progress ? Will that give you the
highest results ? Certainly it will not.

In my own case I was obliged to add one or
two combs of brood, principally because the
Ijees having nowhere to place the incoming
pollen, would take it into the sections. After
that there was no trouble in that direction.

Here is an extract from my " Non-Swarm-
ing Pamphlet,'' IssH, page 29, chapter on
" How to Control Swarming:"

" When the honey-flow has commenced,

select any two strong colonies no matter

how far apart ; remove from one all the brood-
combs but two left in the center and fill

up with three frames having guides only on
either side. Now reluru all the bees by s/kU--
'■«^ and brushing fr<im the combs: and also
one-half of those bees from the second colony

Then put on supersof a capacity of not

less than 40 pounds at one time, with all see-
tions,A7W with [drawn] combs."

The brood-combs removed were given to
the other hive deprivid of part of its popula-
tion and this afterwards supered for either
extracting or comb, and, with so many combs,
this colony gives up all thought of swarming,
though presently having an immense popula-
tion. Samuel SiMMtNs.

The Future of Alfalfa, so far as it re-
lates to bee-keeping, is a matter of interest to
Western bee-keepers. While some feel no
anxiety in the matter, others feel that the
doom of alfalfa as a honey-plant is not many
years in the future. The whole matter hinges
chiefly on the time of cutting alfalfa for hay.
It is maintained by some that for best results
alfalfa should always be left standing till at
least well advanced in bloom, while others
maintain that it must be cut much earlier.
The conclusions of the experiment stations as
to this are not reassuring. Those of Colorado,
Kansas, and Utah, are agreed that alfalfa
must be cut when first coming into bloom —
say when one-tenth is in bloom — in order to
get the largest amount of protein — that part
which is absolutely necessary in order to form
Ijlood and muscle. When the cutting is de-
laj'ed till the plants are half in bloom, there
is a falling oft' in protein, and a still greater
falling off when in full bloom.

Even it all should agree that for best re-
sults alfalfa should be cut when not more
than one-tenth in bloom, the plant will, no
doubt, continue to be an important factor in
bee-keeping. That tenth will mean a good
many tons of honey. Then there will always
be a liability to delay. Where a very large
surface is to be cut it will not be possible to
cut all in one day, it indeed in a goodly num-
ber of days, and every day's delay will mean
just so much addition to the larder of the
bees. A considerable acreage will be used as
pasture, giving a continuous yield, and always
there will be a considerable amount allowed
to go through its full season of bloom for the
purpose of maturing seed.

So at the worst there will still be no little
for the bees, and with the usual hopefulness
of bee-keepers the producers of alfalfa honey
will keep right on gathering in their precious
harvest until the time of failure comes — if it
ever comes.

The Value of Foods. — The following
clipping from that important English periodi-
cal, Chambers' Journal, has been sent by a
Canadian physician. Dr. W, O. Eastwood :

We once heard an intelligent child com-
plain that " all the nicest things to eat seem
to be unwholesome." It that child, now of
larger growth, should happen to alight upon
the report of a lecture delivered lately before
the South-West London Medical Society, by
Dr. Robert Hutchinson, he will rejoice
greatly, for the lecturer demonstrated that
many nice things have a very great dietetic
value. He condemned many of the much-
belauded patent foods, and showed that, upon
analysis, they compared very unfavorably with
meat, eggs, milk, and sugar. "A pound of
honey at ninepence," he said, " is a better
source of sugar than a pound of malt extract
at three shillings," And, speaking of cod-
' liver oil as a means of administering fat, he

68

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

remarked: '* In cream you get a more val-
uable substance, because ordinary cream con-
tains more than .50 percent of fat, and butter fat
ie as easily digested and absorbed as the fat
of cod-liver oil, besides being much more
palatable and considerably cheaper.

The lecturer also spoke highly of the value
of chocolate and Everton coffee, because in
both you get a combination of fat and sugar
without water. Unfortunately it is diflicult
to make people believe in the great value of a
diet within their reach. They will turn away
from such commonplace things as milk and
eggs, and go to any amount of trouble to pro-
cure costly preparations having only a tithe
of their value as food. The lecturer's good
opinion of cream, honey, chocolate, and cof-
fee will be received with enthusiasm by the
rising generation, it not by their elders.

It Is gratifying to see that the medical pro-
fession are assigning to honey the important
place it once occupied as an article of food
and medicine. It certainly does not seem that
the inclination to gag on the part of the
patient aids in the assimilation of cod-liver
oil, and it something at less cost can be sub-
stituted tor it, at the same time substituting
a pleasurable sensation for the gagging, com-
mon-sense would approve the substitution.

And the same common-sense would ap-
prove the substitution of honey for malt ex-
tract, however highly the latter may be es-
teemed, if the honey " is a better source of
sugar " at one-fourth the cost.

May the tribe of Dr. Hutchinson increase !

^ YVeekly Budget. I

Mr. Morlet Pettit, who was present at
the Chicago-Northwestern convention, has
begun a report of that convention in the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, which shows that Mr.
Pettit has his observer and his condenser both
in good working order.

The Death op Rambler— John H. Martin. |
—The following we take from Gleanings in
Bee-Culture for Jan. 15:

THE RAMBLER SICK IN CUBA.

Mr. J. H. Martin, better known as " The
Rambler," has been very sick with fever; but
from the last account he was on the mend.
He is getting to be pretty well advanced in
life, reaching (33 last December ; and the last
time I saw him (in California) I could see
that age was beginning to tell on him. He
has been working hard in Cuba, securing a
crop of honey, and we trust he will now save
his strength sufliciently so we shall have the
opportunity to enjoy again his good-natured
chats.

Later, Jan. 13. — The sad news has just
been cabled us by our Manager, Mr. de Beche,
that Mr. Martin is dead. Of course, there
■*ere no particulars ; but the run of the fever
was evidently too much for him, and the end
came all too unexpectedly.

Rambler's hosts of friends will sincerely
regret to learn of his death. We hope to be

able soon to give a picture of him and some
biographical notes in these columns.

The Apiary of V. H. Fisher appears on
the first page. When sending the engraving,
Jan. 17, he wrote as follows:

I started in the bee-business in 1894, with
one colony, and now have nearly 50, besides
having sold a number.

The picture does not show all the hives.
The building is a honey-house, for storage of
honey, hives, supers, extractor, tools, etc.

A folding bee-tent is also shown, piles of
supers, and a solar wax-extractor near me,
when I was holding a large frame of honey.

The hives are all improved 10-frame Lang-
stroth, made by myself, as I am a carpenter by
trade, and a manufacturer of hives in a small
way, putting in all my spare time in winter
and rainy days in the shop making them.

I have a 3-hor,se- power gasoline engine saw-
ing machine, and other wood-workiqg machin-
ery in the shop. I make an improved gable
cover for hives, which is first-class. If kept
thoroughly painted on both sides it does not
warp, check, or leak.

The latter part of the past season was first-
class for honey (too wet early) ; I had supers
fairly well filled that were put on Sept. 13 and
14. This was eight or ten days later than I
have ever put on supers, and the sections were
filled. I obtained about a ton and a half of
comb and extracted honey from 30 colonies,
spring count.

The prospects seem good for the coming
season, as the bees went into winter quarters
in good shape, with plenty of stores. Every-
thing points to early swarms.

V. H. Fisher.

Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,

Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17

and 18, 1902.

REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.

(Continued from page S4.)
WEDNESDAY — Morning Session.

PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF EXTRACTED
HONEY.

The subject assigned me by the committee is not one
which I would have chosen, but as so much has been said in
the past, and that by men of wider experience and a more
thorough knowledge of the business, it might not be amiss
for me to touch on some points which might raise a discus-
sion, and in that way be of more service than would a
lengthy essay, no matter how well put together.

First, in the production of honey, it is conceded we
must have the bees to start with. Then we must have the
man, and as neither one can produce extracted honey with-
out the other, I would say the man is of far more impor-
tance than the bees. A first-class man will do far more
with an apiary of inferior bees than could a useless man
with the same number of colonies of the best strain of bees ;
and both together can not produce honey if there is no nec-
tar to be gathered, as many of us have found to our disap-
pointment. Granted all these conditious are favorable,
what then ?

First, we should aim to produce an article which will
sell itself, if possible to do so.

Second, produce as much of it as possible. Quality first,
quantity second, every time. What is " quality ?" Flavor
first, always ; then body and color, or color and body, as

circumstances require. This for the home market. For
shipping purposes I would put color first in quality, flavor
second, and body third. Why the difference ? For ship-
ping purposes honey must be attractive and catch the eye,
and there is a pretty general idea abroad that lightness in
color is a sure indication of superior quality, and we must
please the eye. Now, if we can combine the richest flavor
and firmest body with the lightest color — almost or quite
water-white, if you wish — we will have the ideal honey. In
actual practice, how many get that ? You who have been
selling honey of different shades direct to consumers may
answer that question. Why should not a fine-flavored
honey, which is a rich straw-color, or an amber color, stand
ahead of a water-white which is lacking in flavor?

Question : How can we secure the highest flavor with
the lightest-colored honey every time ? Localities differ.
Seasons differ in the same locality, and so does the flora in
the same locality. Pure clover honey differs in shade in
the same locality in different years, and so does it differ in
different localities in the same year. Why is this 7 How
should such honey be graded ? I would say flavor should
stand first. Allowing honey to be well ripened in the hive
gives a finer, firmer body. Does it give a richer flavor ? I
think it does.

Second, the marketing. This is a matter needing our
most careful attention. If it is the home market, just show
the would-be purchaser some of that first-class honey, and
it is sold — at least as much of it as they need for the pres-
ent. A word of caution here: Don't sell too much honej'
in one house at one time. Let them clean up their dishes
every few weeks. A jar of granulated honey on the top
shelf of the pantry is not likely to help sell a very fine
liquid article which comes to the door. Better let them
want honey a few days. Supply a good article at a fair
price, and you are tolerably sure of your customers, unless
you keep them waiting too long.

Is the honey to be shipped and sold to strangers ? Well,
I give it up. There are commission men — good men and
true, at least some of them — perhaps they don't know much
about handling honey. Then there are men who are want-
ing to buy all the honey in sight, but are not prepared to
pay much — there has been such an enormous crop. Ar
they any help in marketing our honey ? Then there ar

Jan. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

69

some who might purchase a quantity at wholesale and pay
a fair price, but who will bring the producer and dealer to-
gether ? What about that honey exchange?

J. K. Dakung.

The discussion was at first on the amount of honey
which should be sold to one private customer. The conclu-
sion was that to new customers we should not sell large
quantities, but an old customer knows what he wants.

With reference to candied honey, if we sell the honey
liquid we should explain to the customer that it will granu-
late, and tell him to put it in sealers from which he can dig
it out and use without melting it up.

Mr. Holtermann described a novel way of selling granu-
lated honey. A barrel of honey is set up in a grocer's win-
dow, and the barrel taken off, leaving the barrel-shaped
cake of honey. One grocer, last winter, sold three 600-
pound barrels in this way after Christmas, and this fall
gave an order for five barrels " as a starter." The honey is
cut off the barrel with a wire, as cheese is cut, and wrapped
in paper by the pound, or in any quantity the customer
desires. This makes a splendid advertisement. It becomes
the talk of the town.

This idea met with much opposition. The paper would
taint the honey, the honey would collect dust and flies, it
would absorb moisture and melt down, etc.; but Mr. Holter-
mann said that the proof is that it has been tried and has
worked.

Mr. Dickenson — I like honey best candied, and my fam-
ily does, too.

Mr. Brown— Bottled honey sells best liquid.
Mr. Sibbald — We frequently have bottled honey sent
back because it has granulated.

Referring to Mr. Darling's paper, quality is most im-
portant. Many bee-keepers send out poor honey, even
honey that will ferment. This hurts our business more
than anything else.

Mr. Newton — We are not making much impression on
people trying to teach them to use candied honey. They
prefer the looks of it liquid.

Mr. Pettit — The trouble is, when we sell people liquid
honey, and it candies on their hands, they say it has all
"gone to sugar." Better sell it in its natural state, and put
on a label with directions for liquefying.

Mr. Holmes— The barrel is a good thing if practical.
Yet it is at variance with the modern tendency toward
small packages.

Mr. Byer — We must use our judgment as to the trade.
If put up in glass it must be liquid, yet we should further
the sale of granulated honey as much as possible. For the
home trade I use 5-pound and 10-pound pails, labeled with
directions for liquefying.

Mr. Miller — Honey granulated in 5pound slip-cover
pails is clean to handle ; if a customer tips a pail it does not
drip, and it is always ready for sale.

Mr. Couse — If a man orders aquantity of honey I do not
let him have it all at once. I can care for it better than he
can, and take it to him liquefied just as he needs it. If the
honey always goes out in good shape a great deal more can
be sold.

Mr. Whitesides — We should get the honey into the
hands of the poor as cheaply as possible. Selling in paper,
or in lard or butter trays, tends in this direction. If honey
is sold liquid it requires to be liquefied so often, and where
it is in bottles this is difficult. It may be done by setting
the bottles in a room kept at a temperature of 140' degrees,
Fahr.

Mr. Morrison prefers a small tin package.
Prof. Shutt — We have learned that honey is very
absorptive. In a dry atmosphere Mr. Holtermann's barrel
might be all right, but in a damp climate it would accumu-
late moisture.

Mr. Holtermann — In a small city a. barrel will be sold
in ten days, so it has not much time to accumulate moisture.
Mr. Evans — Small barrels might be used for a smaller
trade.

CUPPING QUEENS' WINGS.

'■ How do you clip queens' wings ?"

Mr. Miller — Set the comb on end. then follow her with
the thumb and finger until you can grasp her shoulders.
Then clip with a small pair of scissors, either on the comb
or in the hand.

MOST PROFIT.^BLE M.\NAGEMENT OK BEES.

" How would you manage bees to get the most money
with the least labor ?"

Mr. Miller — This is a big question. Roughly speaking,

it is by out-apiaries, short cuts, and learning to get along
with little skilled labor outside of your own.

SPKIN<; PROTECTION OF BEES.

" What do you advise for spring protection of cellar-
wintered bees ?"

Mr. Miller — Reduce the entrance, and have good top
packing.

Mr. Fixter — Set the bees in a place sheltered from cold
winds.

THE BEST CLOVER.

" What is the best clover for both bees and farmers ?"

Mr. Miller — Alsike clover.

Mr. Fixter — Alfalfa and sainfoin give more honey.
Sainfoin is not so woody, and is cut later. It is also a bet-
ter fertilizer. It gives a second crop, as alsike does not.

The general opinion was that alfalfa does not yield
honey here, the climate being too dry.

MANAGING OUT-APIARIKS.

" In managing out-apiaries, would you have a f nil outfit
at each yard?"

Mr. Miller — Yes, and haul the honey home as soon as
possible after the extracting is done.

SIZE OF BROOD-CHAMBER.

" Is 2000 cubic inches sufficient capacity for a brood-
chamber to suppress swarming ? '

Mr. Miller — We need a large brood-chamber.

Mr. McEvoy — Yes, the brood-chamber should not be too
large.

Mr. Holtermann — The Dadants have used large hives
successfully for IS or 20 years. If you are a good bee-
keeper you can get a 12-frame Langstroth filled with brood.
The shorter the fiow the more bees you want, and the less
you want them to divide up by swarming.

C. W. Post — If you have a large hive you can reduce it
when necessary.

Mr. Dickenson prefers a smaller hive for a short flow.
Mr. Heise — With a hive holding 10 frames 11 inches deep,
and an exclusive clover flow, averaged 133 pounds per
colony.

Mr. Chrysler — A good queen can fill a large hive with
brood in fruit-bloom.

QUEEN-EXCLUDERS.

"Would you advise an all-metal or slatted queen-ex-
cluder?"

Mr. Armstrong — The Heddon excluder made with strips
of wood and perforated metal is the best, but it is difficult
to make. The all-metal excluder does not clog up so quickly
with propolis.

Mr. Sparling has some excluders with 2-inch strips
across the middle, which seem to work just as well as the
all-metal.

DEPTH OF FRAME— PROSPECTS FOR 1903.

" Would you use a deeper frame than the L,angstroth ?"

Mr. Heise — I use a frame 11 inches deep.

Mr. Holtermann — It is best to keep to the standard.

" What are the prospects for next year's honey crop ?"

Mr. Armstrong— They never were better. There is the
most clover we ever had. If the alsike does not heave, and
we have a good fall set, we may be sure of a good crop
next year. I speak particularly for heavy clay land.

RETURNING SWARMS TO PARENT COLONY.

" Is it a good plan to return swarms to the parent hive
after two days ?"

Mr. Armstrong — No, they would be out that day or the
next.

Mr. Darling — If it is a second swarm cut out the queen-
cells and return them at once. In cutting the cells liberate
on the combs all the queens which are ready to hatch, and
run the swarm in at the entrance. If you "happen to miss
any cells they will swarm again ; but these free virgin
queens are different, and they insure the colony against
accident to the queen which is out with the swarm.

CELLAR-WINTERING OF BEES.

Mr. Dickenson blocks each hive up from the bottom-
board on four blocks, and tiers them up three high. Win-
tering is a matter of temperature, dampness cuts no figure.
He runs his bees in on a truck ; can put in 150 colonies in
four hours. The bees are all right if they are quiet.

Mr. Brown lives near Ottawa. He wants to get his bees
in Nov. 10 to 15, a day or so after a good tlight. He re-

70

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

moves the wooden cover and leaves only the propolis quilt
on all except the top hive in the pile, on which he leaves
the cover. He is not particular, but blocks up the hives
where convenient. He has less than 3 percent dead in the
spring when carrying them out. Temperature 40 to 45 de-
grees, Fahr. A ventilating stove-pipe runs from the lloor
up to the pipe of a stove in the drawing-room overhead. He
tinds the 10-frame Gallup winters better than L,angstroth
hives.

Mr. Holmes— Change the propolis cloth for a cotton and
sawdust cushion.

Mr. Miller — I would do away with the blocking by leav-
ing off the bottom-board and piling one hive across two.

Mr. Fixter— Mr. Pettit's plan works perfectly. Pile
the hives on a bench which is higher at the back than at
the front. Block up the back of the hive from the bottom-
board with ;Js-inch blocks. Put on a chaff cushion to keep
the top of the hive warm, so the moisture will not condense
and run down on the cluster.

HOW TO BAT HONEY.

" How would you eat bread with honey on it if you have
a large mustache ?"

Mr. Armstrong— Perhaps Mr. Newton can tell.

The opinion of the meeting was that jou should have
Canadian honey of good flavor and body, then either turn
the bread upside down or else stand on your head I

AN ADDRESS ON "PROGRESS;"

Prof. Creelman, B. S. A., Superintendent of Farmers'
Institutes for Ontario, gave a stirring address on the sub-
ject of Progress, at the second afternoon session. The ob-
ject of these associations is to give information, and people
are anxious for it. Twenty thousand persons attended the
Winter Show at Guelph last week. A lecture room seating
600 was not able to accommodate one quarter the people
who sought admittance. Here lectures were delivered at all
hours of the day by men competent to speak on all branches
of farming. Farmers were asking questions about bacon,
poultry, beef, cheese. There is coming to be as great a
demand for information about honey. All these other in-
dustries were but a short time ago in their infancy. When
they began to boom, people feared over-production, but the
demand has increased with the supply. A few years ago
Canadian pork could not compete with Irish or Danish
pork, but Canadians combined and forced in a good article.
Jno. Bull is conservative, yet when he got a taste of Cana-
dian " pea-fed " bacon his appetite for it increased at the
rate of one million dollars' worth per year. We supply 70
percent of the cheese on the English market. Twenty-five
million dollars is spent by England for Canadian cheese,
and it comes mostly from Ontario.

Now give them a taste of Canadian honey ; always send
a good article, and there is no chance of over-doing the
honey-business. In going from Liverpool to London you
pass through large cities whose names j'ou have never
heard. All manufacturing cities produce not one pound of
food, but all require to be fed from outside the country. Let
the bee-men of Ontario get into line with the fruit-men and
poultry-men, and create a more lively interest in the indus-
try and the Association.

Prof. Creelman advocated a closer relation with the
Department of Agriculture. He suggested an affiliation
with the Fruit-Growers' Association. As we also have
some common interests we could meet at the same time and
place, and so get reduced railroad rates ; advertise together ;
have joint evening sessions, etc. At the Fruit-Growers'
convention each director was asked to bring in a written
report of what they had done to advance the interests of
the association during the year. The directors take pride
in this sort of thing. If not, they are not elected next year.
The Department of Agriculture is ready to do what they
can to help every association as soon as they see good use
is being made of the money.

With regard to selling honey, we must create a demand.
Keep the papers full of it. Keep store windows full of it.
Get people to eating honey instead of the adulterated jams,
marmalades, etc.

The following is the

REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

During the season of 1902 I visited bee-yards in the
counties of Huron, Middlesex, Perth, Brant, Wentworth,
Lincoln, Welland, Halton, York, Cardwell, Grey, and Sim-
coe. I inspected 91 apiaries, and found foul brood in 30 of
them, and dead brood of other kinds in many others which
had been mistaken for foul brood. I also found several fine

apiaries completely cured of foul brood that had been re-
ported to be diseased.

The frequent showers that we had in the early and mid-
dle part of the past honey season kept the bees in their hives
for hours at a time, and this taking place when the bees
had a very large quantity of larva; to feed, caused a rapid
using up of the stores, and as fast as the cells were emptied
the queens layed in them, and soon after that all brood-
chambers became full of brood, and as they were left in that
condition, with the bees being driven in from time to time
by the rains, which were followed by sudden warm spells,
brought on the greatest rage of swarming ever known in
the Province of Ontario, and created a great demand for
comb foundation, and some bee-keepers not having any on
hand, and not expecting to get any very soon, used some
old combs (that were saved from colonies that had died from
disease), and spread the genuine article — a thing the same
parties will never do again.

All old, diseased comlps should be melted and put
through a wax-press, as that is the only kind of an extractor
that will take all the wax out of old combs.

It would greatly improve the apiaries in many localities
if their owners would use more foundation, and melt a part
of their old combs each year until they were all renewed.

While on my rounds through the Province I was much
pleased with the very generous treatment that I received
from every bee-keeper. Wm. McEvoy.

(Concluded next week.)

Heredity in Bees— Further Explanations.

BY L. STACHKLHAUSKN.

ON page 422 (1902) I wrote a short article in which I tried
to explain the way the worker-bees can transmit to
their offspriug their own qualities. Prof. A. J. Cook
honored me by considering this article, and wrote an answer
to it on page 567. Probably I did not express my ideas plain
enough, because Prof. Cook speaks of the evolution in bees,
and says ;

" In all organisms parents. .. .are ever producing off-
spring varying from each other. . . . Thus while all parents
tend surely to transmit their own peculiarities to their
progeny, there is always as surely a like tendency to varia-
tion."

In all this I fully agree with Prof. Cook, but in
my article I did not intend to write about evolution of the
bees, or the possibility of variation, but to consider the
transmission of all regular characteristics, form and power
of organs, and other peculiarities of the worker-bees,
through the queen to the offspring of the luorker-bees, while
the queen and all her ancestors never possessed these pecul-
iarities. This surely can't be called a variation, and so
Prof. Cook's article does not cover the case.

We know that from an impregnated egg a queen can be
reared, and this is quite in accord with other organisms, as
the young queen is very like her mother (variations are pos-
sible). This needs no explanation, at least not for our pur-
pose. Now comes the dividing point : By a certain nour-
ishment of the young larva we get no queen, but a worker-
bee from the same egg. (And under certain circumstances
even animals, which are part queens and part worker-bees).
These worker-bees are not variations of the queen, but the
regular progeny of the queen, and quite unlike herself. The
problem is to explain this, and this is entirely impossible,
if we consider queen and worker-bees as independent
animals.

Our theory is, that the queen is no perfect anim.al ; her
sexual organs and functions are fully developed, but all
organs for nourishment are undeveloped, or entirely miss-
ing, not only the inner organs but the exterior organs of
nourishment, as for honey, pollen, etc., too. The queen is
not able to preserve her life without the worker-bees, not
even for some hours. On the other side, in the worker-bees
the sexual organs are rudimentary, but all organs for nour-
ishment are fully developed. We say the true female ani-
mal is queen and worker-bees eombined. With bees we have
the peculiarity that the sexual organs are in a separated
body, and the organs necessary for nourishment in another

Jan. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

71

separated body. The way in which they are neverthe-
less closely connected, I tried to explain in different articles.

Another theory is possible : We can say some ancestors
of the queen had all the organs and instincts which we at
present observe with the worker-bees, and the power to
transmit these peculiarities remain latent in the queens,
and appear reg^ularly by a certain nourishment of the
larva?. This theory is very improbable, and, if true, would
make impossible any further evolution of the bees.

If we accept our theory we have no more difficulty. In
the same way, as it is possible, that the egg of a mammalia
inherits the disposition to develop into an animal with the
same form of the head or the legs, etc., as the parents have ;
it is impossible, too, that the eggs produced by thi&conibinei/
female bee can develop into a queen or into a worker-bee
(or into a drone, if not impregnated) : and which one of
these forms will develop depends entirely on the food given
to the larv;e. The food is deciding, but the disposition for
these different developments must be inherited. The fact
that in the female bee the sexual organs are in a body sepa-
rated from the body which contains the nourishing and
blood-forming organs, is a peculiarity of the bees, and does
not alter the functions of the organs at all. The discovery
of how these different bodies work together is one of the
most important discoveries in the physiology of bees, and
solves problems which were unsolvable before, and it was
the purpose of my article to explain this. It is astonishing
that all this is entirely ignored by the bee-keepers in the
United States.

On page 568 (1902) Prof. Cook says: "This mother-
queen had the power to transmit them [the good qualities
of the worker-bee] else they [the young generation of
worker-bees] would nat possess them." Just so. But the
question which I raised is : How can she transmit these
qualities which she or her next ancestors never possessed ?

If an Italian queen is mated to a black drone, thedrones
from this queen, according to parthenogenesis, will be pure
Italian drones ; but if our theory is correct, and the worker-
bees are hybrids, these drones should show at least a small
sign of black blood. Different prominent bee-keepers
(among them Mr. Doolittle) are said to have observed this
small amount of black blood. Some concluded, from this
fact, that parthenogenesis was an error. As we had other
proofs for parthenogenesis, we considered these observa-
tions as impossible, and mistakes ; but if we accept our
theory we have no more difficulty in explaining the fact.
That the influence of black and hybrid nurse-bees is not
more visible in the color of the offspring is no proof against
the theory, as the power to transmit certain pecularities
may be different, so that queen and drone have more power
to transmit the color.

What Prof. Cook says about the evolution of animals,
especially bees, is very interesting. That a change of en-
vironment causes some variations in animals is surely true,
and we see this in all our domestic animals which at present
are so much different from the wild animals from which
they are descendants, that we, in some cases, have to con-
sider them as different species. Bees, too, to a certain de-
gree change their habits. If we use very large hives, for in-
stance, the bees will by and by lose all desire to swarm.
Even here these peculiarities must be transmitted to the
progeny from the worker-bees, if they should become fixed.

Another way of evolution is by acquired peculiarities.
If the worker-bees of a colony should, by much stretching
and using of the tongue, acquire a longer tongue, this
would not help anything toward improving our bees if the
worker-bees could not transmit their own peculiarities to
the coming generation. Bexar Co., Texas.

Sweet Clover— Is It a Noxious Weed ?

BY C. P. DADANT.

I NOTICE on page 803 (1902) that a reference is made to
us in regard to what we have said about the sweet clover
being easily destroyed by cattle. I wish to give the sum
of my experience on the subject.

Sweet clover was introduced in this part of the country
by an old friend of ours, in the fifties. This person at the
same time brought the seed of dandelion. There may have
been others who brought these seeds as well, but we know
of these instances because our friend told us that the two
plants mentioned were not in existence around here until
he sent for the seed. He had sowed the sweet clover in a
very steep hillside near the Mississippi river, on the com-

mons, but the place was so steep that the cattle could not
get all of it, and it kept reproducing itself till my father
went and gathered some of the seed for a trial of it in culti-
vation.

We had then a narrow strip of land fenced in by the
original owner on the outside of our farm limits. This
strip was three-cornered, and unpleasant to plow, and for
that reason we put it to sweet clover. It remained in sweet
clover probably for ten years or more. At the end of that
time, a survey showed us that it was outside of our farm
limits, which we did not know till then. We concluded to
remove the fence to the line. This left the sweet clover ex-
posed to all the cattle of the vicinity, as all open land was
at that time.

Within two years, that sweet clover which had grown to
the height of six feet or more, and had been so thick that a
man could make his way through it with difficulty — that
clover, I say, had all disappeared, and had given place to
the blue-grass and white clover that usually cover our com-
mons when regularly pastured. When I say it had all dis-
appeared, I mean it in its broadest sense, for there was not
a single plant left. It had been entirely destroyed by two
years' pasturing that only causes the blue-grass and white
clover to thrive that much better in the same spot. Of
course, it was close grazing that did it. Our farmers will
all remember that pasturage became very short upon the
commons of Illinois just before the law was passed which
forbade cattle running at large. Had this been a fat pasture,
I suppose that enough of the sweet clover would have been
left to keep it alive in a small way.

Now the fact I have just narrated evidences the ease
with which the clover can be eradicated, and this is of some
use to the bee-keeper. Many persons have accused bee-
keepers of introducing a noxious weed when they sowed
sweet clover in their neighborhood. But this is not a nox-
ious weed. Although it will grow wherever other weeds
will grow, it does not invade cultivated fields. It cannot in-
vade them since it is a biennial, and therefore offers two
seasons in succession for its eradication. Granting that it
may come up in a field during the year, it cannot bloom the
first season, and therefore the plowing of the following
spring will destroy it before it has seeded itself.

Sweet clover is rank in growth, and masters the soil
only in out-of-the-way places where neither stock nor culti-
vation interferes with it, and in those places it takes the
places of much more noxious weeds than itself. It emits a
sweet perfume, which is certainly preferable to the smell of
the jimson- weed (datura stramonium), and it does not cause
diseases like the ragweed which we all know is responsible,
through its pollen, for the existence of hay-fever — a disease
which is only known where the ragweed exists. The sweet
clover not only occupies the place of the latter weed but
chokes it out of existence by its most vigorous growth
wherever these two weeds are left free to fight the battle of
the " survival of the fittest." In addition, sweet clover is
one of the greatest soil-enriching plants in existence, for its
roots are long and large, and it takes most of its nourish-
ment from the atmosphere.

Those who complain of the existence of sweet clover
do not take into consideration the fact that some weeds
must grow where sweet clover grows. So is it not much
better, and more profitable to the community, to have a use-
ful honey-producing, sweet-smelling, healthy and a soil-en-
riching plant, than the rank, ugly and unhealthy, useless
ragweed ?

Do not understand me as saying that sweet clover is a
good pasture plant. If it is allowed to grow, it is too rank
for a good pasture plant. If pastured close, it does not
stand the strain. So it is only an inferior pasturage plant.
But it makes good feed for stock if taken at the right time.
We have a friend in the Province of (Juebec~a Mr. Pelo-
quin— who has repeatedly told us that sweet clover proved
quite a boon to them in their cold climate. When spring
opens in Quebec, it takes a long time for pastures to be-
come good. But it appears that sweet clover of the second
year's growth gets to be about a foot high before any grass
can be had. They then mow it and feed it to the stock.
This mowing does it no harm, and they can still count upon
a honey crop and quite a little feed from it even after hav-
ing secured from it an early stock food-crop which nothing
else would furnish.

I think the reader will agree with me that the sweet
clover deserves no blame, but that, on the contrary, it
should be introduced on all soils where weeds are expected
to grow, even if it were not a first-class honey-producing ~
plant. Hancock Co., 111.

72

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

The Nucleus Method of Rearing Queens.

BY DR. K. GAH,UP.

MR. ALLEY says, " How this must surprise my friend
Dr. Gallup," after saying that he worked on the plan
that if a colony was deprived of its queen the bees
would rear another. Yes, I was surprised that a man after
having- as much experience as he claims he has had, should
still advocate the rearing of queens on the nucleus plan and
recommend others to use it.

Farther on he says that he knows by actual experiment
that just as good queens can be so reared, as can be reared
by any other method ever given to the public; and I know
by actual experience that they cannot be, and are not as
good. I have come to the conclusion that Mr. Alley does
not even know what a good queen is. I quote from Prof.
Cook's Manual, pages 91 and 92 :

"We should infer that the best queens would be reared
in strong colonies, or at least kept in such colonies until the
cells were capped. Experience also confirms this view. As
quantity and quality of the food and the general activity of
the bees are directly connected with the full nourishment of
the queen-larva;, and as these are only at the maximum in
times of active gathering — the time when queen-rearing is
naturally started by the bees — we should also conclude
that queens reared at such seasons are superior."

My experience — and I have carefully observed in this
connection — most emphatically sustains this view. Now,
Professor, how dare you so emphatically contradict Mr.
Alley, a man who according to his own statement, reared
queens in nuclei before you or I knew anything about bees ?
Isn't that funny ?

Mr. Alley says at the conclusion of his article that he
will risk his reputation as a queen-breeder on the result. I
cannot see for the life of me, how his reputation can be
very great when by his own showing 90 percent of his
50,000 queens reared have turned out to be worth as much
as so many flies. Only think, 45,003 worthless queens he
must have been rearing just for fun 1 Isn't it astonishing,
how large minds often run in similar channels ? I started
in and reared my first queens by tying a piece of comb v^ith
a string to the top-bar of a frame, and using a small quan-
tity of bees, for I then supposed that a queen was a queen,
no matter how she was reared ; but, it did not take me SO
years to find out that queens reared in this way were worth-
less, and inferior in every respect, and that the plan is un-
natural, unreasonable and unscientific. It is unnatural to
deprive a colony of bees of their queen and compel them to
rear a queen at any time, whether conditions are right or
not.

Now, what are the natural conditions ? The colony is
strong in numbers, they are gathering abundance of stores,
thus keeping up an abundance of warmth and vitality, they
also have lots of nursing-bees to prepare the royal jelly,
etc., all of which is lacking in the nuclei. The cells are
started and the queen deposits the egg in the cell. If even
after the cells are started, and all is proceeding right so far,
if from any cause the supply of forage is cut off suddenly
swarming is abandoned, the cells are cut down, drones are
expelled, and there is no more swarming that season, even
if the weather is ever so propitious, until a new crop of
drones is reared. This accounts for the bees clustering out-
side and not swarming so many seasons in old box-hive
times. How many seasons we have watched in vain for
swarms, and no swarms came out. Any person, we care not
who, that practices the nucleus plan of rearing all his
queens, for a series of years, will find his colonies running
to the lowest ebb. Any person, we care not who, that prac-
tices rearing his queens in extra-strong and populous colo-
nies, and under the swarming impulse, will find the reverse,
and he will find the first-named queens and workers short-
lived and unproductive, while the last-named will be long-
lived and productive, even in comparatively poor seasons.
Don't expect to bring your queens up to the standard in one
season.

I wish to say to A. C. F. Bartz, on page 760 (1902), please
don't class me with the professional queen-breeder, as I
have never reared queens for market, never have sold a sin-
gle queen to my recollection, but there is probably no man
living that has expended so much time and labor in experi-
menting with bees, on nearly all lines, purposely for my
own satisfaction, and as I have been a noted and prominent
writer I wished positively to know by my own experience
what I was writing about, regardless of what other people
said. I am keeping a few bees now on purpose for my own
amusement, and for experimentation.

At the time I had such a great loss of queens, you can
see all were reared on the Alley plan, that is, no queen in
the hive. In losing the queens I also lost the colonies, as
none of them were superseded. Why? Because the queens
failed so soon and so suddenly that there was no unsealed
brood or eggs for the bees to rear a queen from. When I
saw the first queen crawl out of the hive, I picked her up
and placed her back into the topof the hive, and she immedi-
ately crawled out at the entrance again. I then opened the
hive and examined for queen-cells, and found none, and the
brood all too far advanced to rear queens from. In watch-
ing closely I saw 4 other queens crawl out in the same man-
ner, and no queen-cells and no brood to rear queens from.

Now, Mr. Alley cannot say that the loss was owing to
my ignorance in introducing in those cases. I will give Mr.
Alley the credit of trying to crawl out of a smaller hole than
I ever attempted to crawl through. The reader will see that
those queens were not introduced at all, but reared right in
the hive. Don't understand me as saying that I saw all
those queens crawl out in one day, or at one time, but on
different times and days. The most of those that died in
the winter I found either on the bottom-board or dropped by
the bees in front of the hive.

I had noticed the loss of queens and colonies previous
to this, but did not pay much attention to the matter. All
were reared on the Alley plan of depriving a colony of their
queen. But the above wholesale loss set me to studying
into the matter. I have tried the plan of filling a colony
full to over-flowing with young bees, brood, etc., and then
taking their queen away and compelling them to rear
queens. They usually rear a lot of queens and do fairly
well for two seasons, but they do not begin to come up to
good queens reared under the swarming impulse. In fact,
as far as I have discovered, they lack the missing link.
Please see Mr. Riker's article, on pages 766 and 767 (1902).

Please do not borrow any trouble about Gallup not be-
ing able to keep up his end of the row. Alley's tirade of
abuse and misrepresentation harms no more than water
harms a duck's back. I am just enjoying the fun, and in
the meantime trying to interest the general reader. I am
not, and never have written for the benefit of those that
know more than I do, but for those that know less. I never
claimed to know it all.

Now, let any person that wishes to improve the race of
bees try the Alley plan and see for himself, if he chooses.
This is a free country ; but I can tell that he will make a
move in the wrong direction. Then let him try the plan of
rearing queens in large hives, with strong and populous
colonies — the stronger the better — and see how he comes
out. Let him start with the very best queen he can get in
every respect, not one that has been reared on the Alley
plan, for it may take three or four generations to bring
them anywhere near the natural standard ; then see which
he will choose for profit. That is somewhat different from
Alley's advice. Any one has the same privilege to go over
the same ground that I went over years ago, instead of be-
lieving either Mr. Alley's or my bare statement. You can
readily see Mr. Alley is seeking a free advertisement, while
I have nothing to sell. The contrast between the two kinds
of queens will be so great that a blind man with his eyes
shut can note the difference. Orange Co., Calif.

\ Our Bee-HeeDing Sisters \

Gonductetl bij EMIwn M. WILSON, Marengo, ill.
Amount of Foundation to Use in Sections.

It is very necessary that foundation be used in sections,
at least enough for a guide, so the bees will build straight.
There may be a diversity of opinion as to how much is best
to be used, but all, I think, will agree that at least a starter
is a necessity.

Some think it cheaper to furnish just a starter, and let
the bees build their own comb ; while others think it best to
give the bees all the advantage they can in the way of
foundation by putting in full sheets.

So far as concerns getting the comb started in the mid-
dle of the section, a starter half an inch deep will answer.

Jan. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

73

Of course, this means a saving in the purchase of founda-
tion.

There are, however, good reasons why some think it
better to put in a large amount of foundation, even to fill-
ing the section full.

Where a small starter is used, there will be more or less
drone-comb built, and a section containing part drone-comb
does not present so good an appearance ; and you know
that n comb honey the matter of looks is important.

Another thing : There is generally very little drone-
comb in the brood-chamber, not as much as the bees would
like to have used for drone-brood, and when drone comb is
built in the sections there is much likelihood that the queen
will lay in the sections unless queen-excluders are used.

Even if excluders are used, the bees will hold some of
the drone-comb open for the queen to lay in, thus leaving
parts of sections unfinished.

Another advantage, and at times the greatest advantage
of all, is the fact that when a flood of honey comes, the
bees have a greater surface to work on with full sheets,
and there seems plausibility in the claim of some that more
honey can be secured than by using small starters. It
surely must be a saving of time for the bees.

The question for each one to decide for herself is
whether the saving of cost of foundation by using small
starters will be worth more or less than the advantages of
full sheets.

We have decided the question, that for this " locality "
we can not aiford to have anything less than full sheets.

Look Out for Mice in the Bee-Cellars.

You are not forgetting those mice in the cellar, are
you ? If you are, you will be ready to vent your vengeance
on them next spring when j'ou see the big holes they have
made in your nice combs. You would better vent it now
with a little strychnine and cheese. It will be more to the
point.

I think I hear some one say, " She told us that before."
So I did, but if you are any like me you will need some one
to tell it to you often, else you forget.

A Thermometer for the Bee-Cellar.

Have you a thermometer in your cellar ? If not, you
would better get one and keep it there. Y'ou can get one
for 15 or 20 cents.

About 45 degrees is generally considered the best tem-
perature for bees, but all thermometers are not alike. If
you have a lot together you may find that they vary ten
degrees. How are you to know which is right ? Put your
thermometer in your cellar, then keep close watch of your
bees, and see at what temperature your bees keep the most
quiet, then try to keep them at that temperature.

That is the right temperature for you. At least that is
what your bees say.

Honey-Mufflns.

Two eggs, 2 cupfuls tlour, '+ cupful extracted horey, ^4
cupful milk, 1 '4 tablespoonfuls butter, 1^4 teaspoonfuls bak-
ing powder, '2 teaspoonful salt.

Separate the eggs. Beat the yolks until thick, melt the
butter, add it and stir in the honey, milk and salt. Sift in
the flour, beating until smooth. Then fold in the whites of
eggs, which have been beaten stiff. Add the baking pow-
der at the same time. Bake in muffin-rings set on a grid-
dle. When done, drop a bit of butter on top of each,
sprinkle with pulverized sugar, and serve ; or, omitting the
sugar, pass extracted honey with them.

For special occasions a delicious sauce is made from
honey and almonds, two tablespoonfuls of finely shredded
blanched almonds being mixed in each cupful of honey. —
The Delineator.

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. e. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

BASY FALL INTRODUCTION OF QUEENS.

Glad it was the careful Mr. Doolittle that said the
usual precautions of introducing queens can be dispensed
with late in the fall when brood-rearing has entirely ceased.
Reasonable — but we want some good testimony in addition
to sweet reasonableness when a queen's life is at stake.
Just remove old one — wait two days — drop in new one. That
the bees shall be quiet, and not cross at the time, is to be
assumed, I suppose. Page 787.

UNTESTED AND TESTED QUEENS.

It would be nice to say, " Untested queen," " Color-
tested queen," "Tested queen " — making three grades; but
the breeders, or some of them, are going to hang on like a
bulldog to the old established use of the term, " Tested
queen." You see. Page 787.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE HONEY CROP.

So 48 out of 400 Colorado bee-keepers return a postal
card sent to them with request for information about the
crop. And Californians are not " spry " to give away their
information to Coloradoans, and vice versa. Shall we scold?
Or shall we smile — and say, L,et's quit trying to travel on
the good-nature of other people ? Page 789.

OLD LOCALITIES VS. THE NEW.

Yes, many old localities must see their crops gradually
decline (on the average) ; while on the plains, as dandelions
and white clover and sweet clover, etc., come in, the change
is the other way. Interesting to see that in Hall Co., Nebr.,
from 1860 on, bees lived six or seven years — no surplus, no
swarms — but now swarms and surplus all the same as in the
white man's country. Wm Stolley, page 791.

WISE BEE-KEEPERS STORE NOW.

Bees are not storing now, but wise bee-keepers are. Just
so, Sister E. M. W. Page 792.

ADVANTAGE OF OBSERVATION HIVES.

Ralph D. Cleveland is right. There ought to be lots o'
more simple, cheap observation hives. The reasons he
gives are correct — and in addition it would advertise our
business and sell our honey much more than enough to pay
cost. Pages 801, 805.

BALLED QUEENS.

Against Mr. Doolittle this time. Can't back him, ex-
cept that possibly he may be right as to his own locality.
When the bees of a newly-hived swarm ball their queen,
give up to them at once — that the incident is a failure, and
that the bees may as well go back to the old hive first as
last — do that anyhow. This is about what my experience
indicates. He says it is exceptional for them to ball her the
second time after she has been properly released. Page 804.

WHY THE BEES ATTACKED THE HATPIN.

On the issue between Mrs. Snyder and Miss Wilson, as
to why the bees attacked a black hat-pin and not the black
veil where drawn over the edge of the hat, I'll venture this
guess: \t taM.e&hXa.c)!. co\oT plus something else to stir the
dander of bees very much. Probably the hat-pin sparkled
which the veil did not. Possibly also it had a little chain,
or dinglet of some sort, that kept bobbing around. I have
seen bees attacking the end of a stove-pipe out of which
smoke was crinkle-crankling. Sparkles and quick motions
much worse than any possible color. Page 609.

APIARY GARMENTS— SMOKING BEES.

Mrs. Snyder's best new idea is that a garment worn in
the apiary and nowhere else will contract an odor concilia-
tory to the bees. Looks quite reasonable.

To smoke a colony — wait ten minutes — smoke again —
wait ten minutes more— smoke again — rather expensive of
precious time. But I once had a colony I so dreaded to en-
counter that I wouldn't have minded the time. For timid
persons, just for the first time getting up spunk to handle
bees, I should Jcall it an excellent device— one of the best
possible. Page 609.

74

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

CONDUCTBD BY

DR. C. C. MILLER. Maren^go, ZU.

[The QneBtions may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mall. — Editor.1

Sowing Sweet Clover on Waste Land.

I want to know something about planting sweet clover.
I am thinking- of going into the bee-business, and if I do I
will go to Butler Co., Pa. I would have two or three hun-
dred acres of worn-out ground for pasture ; briars and curly
grass grow on it now. If I sow sweet clover around
over the ground, would it take hold ? Or what could I
plant on it for pasture ? Ohio.

Answer. — The likelihood is there is nothing better
for your purpose than sweet clover. If you scatter the seed
where it will be tramped in by horses or cattle it will be
pretty sure to catch, no matter how hard the ground. In-
deed, it seems to grow better on a hard roadside than on
soft plowed ground. There is one danger, however, and
that is, if stock that has learned to eat sweet clover is allowed
to run on it when it is young, they may eat it down so
closely as to kill it.

•*—-*

Pollen in Combs.

I send a piece of comb that I cut out of a brood-frame,
and would like to know what is in the cells. It was gath-
ered about the middle of June. Will the bees clean it out?
If not, what can I do with it ? About half of the brood-
chamber cells are filled with it. Michigan.

Answer. — I find nothing in the cells except a good sup-
ply of pollen, and that is in fine condition. If there is an
unusual amount of it in the hive, you can give some of it to
other colonies in the spring. In most places a pound of pol-
len is worth as much as a pound of honey ; when scarce it
may be worth a good deal more.

Sowing Sweet Clover.

1. When is the right time to plant sweet clover ?
2 Does it bloom the first year ?

3. What kind of land should it be sown on ? I want to
order a S-pound package, and before sowing I want to know
all about it.

I have 2 colonies of bees to commence with next spring.
They are in box-hives, but after swarming I intend to trans-
fer them into good hives. They are Italians.

Missouri.

Answers. — 1. The seed may be sown in your vicinity,
and it is well to have the ground made quite solid with a rol-
ler or otherwise. One of the most successful ways of get-
ting a stand of sweet clover is to sow it on hard ground
either fall or spring, and they have it well tramped in by
live-stock.

2. It does not bloom till the second year, and dies root
and branch the following winter.

3. It will not grow on solid rock nor in clear water ; al-
most anything between these two will answer. It makes a
fine growth on tough clay where nothing else cares to grow.

Average Per Colony from linden, Etc.

1. How much can 6 good colonies store in an average
year, from say 25 average-size linden trees ?

2. I work in the Cleveland parks. Would the honey
from park shrubbery, where there is some Kalmia latifolia,
rhododendrons and azaleas, be injurious ? Ohio.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. In a very good year I
should think the bees would have all they could do while the
yield lasted, there being four trees to each colony ; and if so
the amount they stored would depend on the length of the
harvest and the amount of yield each day. The daily yield
might be 10 pounds for as many days, making 100 pounds

per colony. But then my guess that four trees would keep
a colony busy may be all wrong, and a good many years
there would be nothing at all from the lindens, some years
a light yield, and some years a very short yield. Possibly
the average yield might be 25 or 30 pounds to the colony,
but I'm ready to let some one that knows more about it
prove that my estimate should be doubled — or cut in two.
2. I should not be very anxious about it.

Will August Bees be of Value in Spring ?

Will worker-bees reared in August and September live
through the winter ? and long enough in the spring to be
of any value in brood-rearing ?

They had out-of-door exercise until Dec. 1, 1902; since
then they have had no flight at all. It is now Dec. 28.

Arkansas.

Answer. — The lease of life of a worker-bee is a very
variable quantity, chiefly depending on the amount of work
done. With a good fall flow, a bee born in August is likely
to die before November. If there is nothing for it to do
from the'time of its birth till cold weather, it may live to do
fair work the following spring.

McEvoy's Plan of Increase is given in the Canadian
Uee Journal. His plan of putting frames of brood into ex-
tracting-supers, barred from the queen, so as to be sure of
brood well fed and all sealed, is worthy of attention. He
says :

Early in the honey season I lift two combs full of brood
(aboui ready for capping) above the queen-excluders in many
of my strongest colonies, and leave them there for nine
days (the time it takes from the egg to the capped brood), so
as to get all the brood extra-well fed and capped over.
After these combs of brood have been nine days above the
excluders, I collect two combs of brood from one super, two
from another, and two from a third, with plenty of bees to
cover them, and place these six combs of brood in an empty
hive, and then give them a protected queen-cell, or a comb
with eggs in from one of my best colonies, so that they can
rear a queeti, or cage a queen on the comb for about 24 hours,
if I have one. The brood in these six combs being far
advanced when it is placed in a new hive, will all be hatched
out in a few days after.

I add brood to these young colonies from time to time
until they are very strong in bees, and place supers on the
early-made ones, and from these in fair honey seasons I get
a super full of nicely capped honey.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. LfOok at them.

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of SI. 00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year tti advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3'. x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

f Jan. 2'), 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

75

P Save Trouble

\re voii o

■> of

th<

se people

vho

h

r lilt

IKl."

aiulneik'li

lorst

or Ji-

vel

.1

o that you can pe

, up

talliniior'iet f<

: &

premium 1

11 Just quit

•litht

nm

■. Send Ub

""';

,dlmier set, and keep tlie good will o( your friends.

EI}-9iau Pattern, Seml-Porcelain Ware.

This ^lepant ware is made ^v J. .<:: 'I- Menkin
[ Hanley. England. Kach pi'^--- )■■ ms tin- stamp

.f the Royal e

nandthcii

tMc....«illn ^.

like Kreni'h china. The shapo 1 . n-wn

in the cut. The decoration i- ;i ! l>...,|< -r of

-i.Toll and flower work all un.lei ti.,.- K'"/i --<■ it is
(■erfectly smooth to the touch and can never wear
-IT. The color is a bluish green, something en-
tirely new and in excellent taste. It is all of the
lirst selection. No seconds or imperfect pieces,
and is such a set as vou would be lucky to get for
eia.OO in any retail store. The set contains 12 each
l-ie Tea. Breakfast, Sauce and Butter Plates; 12
Ciinsand Saucers, 2 covered Vegetable lUshcs. 2
ecallop Vegetable Dishes, 1 covered Butter Dish,
2 Meat Platters, 1 Sauce Boat, 1 Supar, 1 Creamer.
1 Bowl. 1 Pickle ^*fJ*^„l'^J[^*"^ '".fj" '"^""'L^^t'fH

This would make 112 pli

live in MichlKan don't answer .....oc^... ..v .

only sell to the trade in Michigan, but .uiMa
Michigan you now have the opportumtv x<>
aiivthlnii vou want in Fiimiture. (_arp<t>, I
Curtains, Vall Paper, China, Silvers art-, 11
ware, and house Furnishing Goods at ac
Wholesale Prices. Tou can save h to l< on „..
vour purchases in this line. All Furniture deal-
en? biiv in Grand Rapids. TVhy don't ynu! %V
manufacture or import direct almost everj-thin
we sell. Free samples of carpets or wall papt .
sent on receipt of 10c to pay postage. Send for
our 300-page illustrated catalog. We pay postage

H. LEONARD CSt SONS,
46 Spring St. Grand Rapids, Micti.

Hease mention Bee Journal ■when ■writine

30

Days
Free
Trial

The Royal

is so good and works
so wellthatwedon'ti
ask vou to buyitbe-f
f. re you tTT it. Entirelj- 1

incubate

71

SMlu. May we eeod you one 1

n trUl? Catalogue free. 1

KOVALINCrKATOU

COMPANY,

Dop. ;s,UesMolae9,Ia. |

L^ 1

^

f lease mention Bee journal whe

V.V.- X INMAJIASTEEL* Wl« CO

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10.000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for

3A13t "r. H. SCHMIDT & CO , Sclieboygan.Wis.

"How to Make Money with Poultry and Incu-
bators" is Ihe title of the new V«I3 Poultryman's
Guide and Catalog 11% pagesi of the Cyphers Incu-
bator Co., of Buffalo. N. Y. It shows photographic
views of the largest and most successful poultry
plants in the United States, England, Germany,
New Zealand and South America, and contains
twelve special chapters, each written by an expert,
treating of prohtable poultry keeping in all its
' -.^uches, as follows: Starting
ith Incubators. Handling Chicks
Brooder, Feeding Chicks, Duck
I Producing on Large Scale, Broiler
sine, Profitable Egg-Farming,
' Egg and Poultry Combination.
J and Fruit Farming. Scratching-
Shed House Plans. Incubator Cel-
and Brooding House Plans,
Feeding for Eggs, Standard-Bred Poultry, Most
valuable book of the kind ever issued. Write to-day
for free copy, asking for book No. 50. Sixty pages
devoted to illustrated description of Cyphers Non-
Moisture Incubators. Apartment Brooders, Poultry
Foods and Clover Products.
Please mention Bee Jotimal ■when ■writing.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Encouraging Signs in California.

I have the pleasure of tellinir that ■we had
about 2,'2 inches of rain, as a liod's blessinfj
on our dry earth. Since the middle of last
April we have had no rain, but we are haviiig
tine weather in Southern California. The new
life of green sliows everywhere, as the new
hope of a good crop of everything.

At Christmas it is a beautiful sight to see
the valley flowering and green, and the heads
of mountains covered with snow.

This last year our honey crop was almost a
failure ; some got only 300 pounds from 7.5
colonies. My bees gave me 4 tons of honey
from 200 colonies. F. S. BucnnEiM.

Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 27.

Good Convention— The Exeliange,

I am going to take the American Bee .Jour-
nal as long as I live. It is worth more than
the dollar.

We had a good convention at Barrie, and
started a Honey Exchange, the Directors
being as follows: H, G. Sibbald, C. W. Post,
Wm, Couse, W. A. Chrysler, and .John New-
ton. I have unlimited confidence in every
one of these five men, and in the near future
I expect to see them handle over 100 tons
yearly, of the best quality of honey in the
world.

The bee-industry of Ontario is booming,
and after our Honey Exchange gets into good
working order it would not surprise me very
much if it would handle as much as 300 tons
or more of choice honey every fall.

I canvassed every man at the convention,
and got nearly every one to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, While on my
rounds through the Province I will canvass
every bee-keeper to join the " Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Exchange" and National Bee-Keep
ers' Association. Wm, McEvot.

(Jntario, Canada, Dec, 26.

Indigo for Stings.

sir. W. S. Harris recommends tincture of
arnica and tincture of myrrh for the sting of a
bee. I have used indigo, and recommended
it for others, and have not known it to fail to
stop the pain almost instantly. It is good tor
any insect poisoning. F, M, Kerk.

Crawford Co., Ohio,

Clipping Queens with Scissors.

I am wondering very much whether our
Afterthinker holds queens differently from
the way I bold them when he clips with scis-
sors. He talks ipage 42 1 as it the queen
makes it her business to keep trying all the
timp to push the scissors away while the clip-
ping is going on, and the clipping is done by
a quick move on the part of the bee-keeper
during one of the times when, for an instant,
her feet are out of the way. There is nothing
of that kind in this locality. The work is
deliberately done on the part of the bee-
keeper, and the clipping is done when the bee-
keeper sees and l.numi that no foot is in pos-
sible danger. He cogitates that mathemati-
cally it can't be otherwise than that I have a
lot of maimed (|ueens this minute.

Now^, look here Mr. Hasty, you keep inside
your own domain. You're not to make wild
speculations and guesses— you're to after-
think. And when you come to give a sober
afterthought to the matter, you will hardly
want to say that without my knowing it I
have a lot of niaimed queens just because you
don't know how to clip with scissors.

Say, Mr. Hasty, come around with me at the
time of spring overhauling, and if you can
find a single queen that I have maimed by
clipping, I'll— I'll— I don't know what I will
do, but I believe I'd be willing to have you

To make cows pav. use Sharpies Cream Separators
Book Bu8ineB8.I)airylnK4Cat.212 free, W.CheBier,Pa

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arran^ementa so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sft lom 25ns som

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 ILW $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alslke Clover 1,00 1.80 4.25 8,00

White Clover 1,20 2,30 5,50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 X2S 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK « CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL

Don't Pay Double.

a better hatcher
loney than any othe

Please mention Bee Journal when wntme.

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

And How to Grow Them.

The best book on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells how to grow the biggest
crops of big berries ever produced. The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants Ijear Big Berries
and Lots of Them. The only thorough-
bred scientifically-grown Strawberry
Plants to be had for spring planting. One
of them is worth a dozen common scrub
plants. They grow BIG BED BERRIES,
The book is sent free to all readers of the
American Bee Journal. Send your address to

R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.

' 3D6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

POULTRY PAYS

hen the hens lay. K*?ep the
laying. For hatching and brootl
inp use the best reasonable priet'ii
Incubators and Brooders — btnlt
upon honor, sold upon guarani ^v..

THE ORMAS "

I« A. Bonto, LIgonlcr, Indlunn

4uA Alt Please mention the' Bee Journal.

^, , -,

-— -

— -T-q-^

— 1

r-

— -pi

p

\w

^

m^

\M

WE'D RATHER^

fM^l". ";'™i'''e'w;;rth^;^;n'""thMn"!: i;;;™ mj^

say. ••Itisn'tsosrof.d, hut it cosis l.-s..

PAtlE WOVKS WIKK FENCK ( (>,. A DUIAN.MICH.

Please mention Bee journal when writing.

GRAYING

Onrllne of sprayers ana appli-
ances llts every man's needs.

Hand.Knapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power

Jrdiabl-.Cltalogfrec

THE DEMTNG CO,^ ,Sa,',«^? *"4°

" agent*, Ui . "" •' "'

Vlease mention Bae Journ.il -w> ■

D/%VC WE WANT WORKERS

■C^^ ■ ^^ Boys, Girls, oldandyo'jDKalilie,
■ mmV ■ ^ V make money working tor us.
^^^f ■ ^^ WefnnlihopltaltoaUrtyoomball-
Bna. Send US 10c •tamps or silTcr for full iD.lnjctioc.anda line of

u>[>laiowork<ritlL DRAPER PUBLISHINa CO.,Clilcato,IU.
ptease mention Bee Journal when writlna

76

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., I. S. A.

BEB-ICBBFBrg,S' SXJFFXjIBS

1903 Catalog Ready.— H you have not received a copj annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed you FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS.— On all cash orders received before April 1, l')03, we allow a dis-
count of 2 percent.

To parties sending us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10 00 or more, at regular prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals: Gleanings in Be^ Culture (semi-monthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c. List of Agencies mailed on appiicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -wriung.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing for a tee-lteeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to
introduce the suijject of honey, "and fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.— One reader writes: "I have every
DQ to believe that it would be a very good
idea for every bee keeper to
wear one [ui the buttons] as it
will cause ppople to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many a conversation thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey ;
at any rate it would give the
bee-keeper a superior oppor-
tunity to enlighten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.

The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 2.5 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

IT 15 A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best g-oods in the woild, and that
our system of dealingr with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plentv of testimony from
satisfied customers proves the ie things. Write
and g'et our sug-g-estions, our catalog and our
discounts for wintertime orders — all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washing-ton St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

^^■■^ ^BHi Our handsome Garden Annual and Seed
^^'^Jl ^ ^ Catalogue. Send your address on a postal
^L_ Wm r r to-day, or for 4c. in stamps and the names
■■■■-■■k of^ineitrhbors who are actual seed buye
Hwewill send our cataln^'ue and packet of
■the Giant Rod, Madam Porret PANSY
ifvou write before March 15th. Aildress.

COLE'S SEED STORE. Pella. Iowa.

;iuai sceu uuycrs

SEED

and easy to

if you work for ub. We will start yoii in
DUsinesB and furnish the capital. w ork
nght and easy. Send 10 cents for full
'line of aamplcB and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. lilt.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made l)y a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is lout,'h and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working: Max into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Ueestvax
always 'wanted at liigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

^ Muth's Special the Best

Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

lt^"rSee special^inducements in our 1903
Catalog. CZ_ i ' ' L. t — ■

E3 THE~FRED_W.JVU]THCO,

HONEY~AND~BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES"

™'""Front iTwalnut StsTT CINCINNATI, OHIO. ^

Flease mention Bee journal vrlien \vrltins

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. '¥- SHrSl-:

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK SkiiCO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Please Mentioii the Bee Jwirnal IfcSri'

tiud a queen with all six feet gone, for the
sake of having a chance to play with you for
a day. (.'. C. Miller.

McHenry Co., 111.

Report for Season of 1 902.

We had a poor honey crop here last season.
I had 46 colonies last spring, in good condi-
tion. I got 600 pounds of e.\tracted honey.
1050 pounds of comb honey, and inceased to
76 colonies, by natural swarming. They are
all in good condition at present.

There was an abundance of white clover
here last summer, but the weather was too
wet and cold. I winter my bees in a cellar,
under a workshop. It is 14 by 20 feet high,
with good ventilation. It has a cement floor.
Theopore Rehorst.

Fond du Lao Co., Wis., Jan. 5.

Growing Ginseng.

It takes about .5 or t', years for ginseng to
mature for good, cultivated seed; then it is
not full-grown, but it will do to market.

Wright Co., Minn. F. Gent.

A Farmer Bee-Keeper.

I started in bee-keeping with a box-hive
colony which a neighbor gave me 7 years ago:
since that time I have been working with
bees, and with the help of the " Old Reliable''
I have been able to make them pay me3 times
as much, for the amount invested in them, as
any other property I have.

I am a farmer, and there are lots of bees in
old Franklin county, but not much interest
taken. Some are in box-hives, some in logs.
I love my bees. I winter them on summer
stands. I had 26 colonies, all in Langstroth
hives, the spring of 1W02 ; I increased to 49,
and got 1,000 pounds of honey, which I sold
for 10 cents per pound,

I now go all over the country transferring
in Langstroth hives; I also rear some queens
from the best queens that I got from the
queen-breeders. M. H. Sossamann.

Franklin Co., Ark., Dec. 28.

What is a Swarm?

There has been some controversy in the
American Bee .Journal in regard to " shook ''
or brushed swarms. Some claim they should
be called brushed swarms, others " shook ''
swarms. I think it all depends upon whether
they are shaken off the combs or brushed off.
But why call them swarms ? When is a colony
of bees a swarm of bees ! My idea heretofore
has been that a colony of bees can only be
call a swarm of bees when they are out of
their hives and flying in the air — when they
are swarming. As soon as the swarm clusters,
or at least when they are hived, then they are
no more a swarm, but a colony. Perhaps I
am wrong, but if I am right then it is wrong
to say a brushed swarm or a shook swarm.
The one is a shook colony, and the other a
brushed colony, and not a swarm at all.
Fulton Co., Ind. S. Morrett.

Cotton-Waste for Smolser-Fuel—
Siiade-Boards.

Seeing so much lately in the Bee Journal
about shade-boards and smoker-fuel, I thought
1 would tell what I consider the best smoker-
fuel, and my plan of making shade-boards.

1 have kept bees for several years, and am
now nearly 7S years old. During my time I
have used all kinds of rotten wood, planer-
shavings, and all kinds of old rags. In the
first place, I would say that rotten corn-cobs,
well dried and pulverized, are better than any
rotten wood; still, I have something that
beats everything else I ever tried. Ills what
is called •' waste. " It is what the engineers
and flremeu use to clean their engines with.
When it becomes saturated with oil they
throw it away. When they stop for any
length of time they generally clean up. My
first experience with it was about eight years
ago. I took a bunch of it and put it in the
smoker, and since then I don't want any rot-
ten wood. All you have to do is to take a

Jan. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

77

Imnch just large enoujjh to lill the smoker,
aiul just loucU a match to it, and you aru
ready for business. You may set your smoker
down, and when you piclt it up it is all ready
for business; it will not go out when ouce
tilled, and lasts nearly half a day.

As to shade-boards, 1 make tbem with shin-
gles and strips, say Ix-'i inch, shingles only
one thickness. As to size, any man can
choose what suits him best. It it did not
take so much time and space I would give my
plan of putting them together.

Our honey crop in this part of Minnesota
was not good. I commenced last spring with
00 colonies, and took about '.'.iO pounds of
comb honey. I put Ul colonies into winter
quarters. E. B. Hcffm.\n.

Winona Co., Minn., Jan. 2.

Bee-Keeping in Cuba.

The Gleaniutrs in Bee-Culture's man "Ram-
bler.'' and other Americans with bees in their
bonnets, have invaded the western end of our
beautiful Island, but I want to tell you this
I.aGloria Colony is rapidly branching out is
the bee-industry.

We have had the preliminary meetings of
bee-keepers, representing several hundred
colonies of bees, looking to the formation of
•■The Eastern Cuba Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion." Our aim is to represent several thou-
sand colonies of bees, audco-operatein knowl-
edge. Then, too, we aim to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, if permissible, and
get in with the National commercial organiza-
tion, if one is formed.

Our field for honey-production is good —
royal and other palms, black mangroves, and
many varieties of flowers through the woods.

Cuba,'Dec. 6. Dr. E. M. Davidson.

Poorest Crop in 30 years.

Our last years' honey crop was one of the
poorest in my 30 years' experience in bee-
keeping. Some of my colonies began to
starve by Sept. 1, consequently I fed all the
bees in the month of September, and hope to
get them through the winter all right. Pros-
pects for next season are very good.

Johnson Co., Kans. M. Zahner.

Introducing Queens.

The past season was a very poor one here,
very little comb honey.

As 1 have never seen it in print, I will tell
the way I introduce a queen, and have never
lost one by this way ;

The next morning after the queen arrives I
remove her from the colony I wish to intro-
duce her, and wait until they get to the
height of their excitement, as bees always are
when their queen is lost. I then place two
little sticks, 'Vxl inch thick, just far enough
apart so the cage of the queen comes in will a
little more than reach, and set them on top of
the frames, so the queen will not be over the
space between two frames; and put an empty
super on the hive, put on the cover, and leave
the colony entirely alone for four days, so as
to give the bees plenty of time to eat the
candy out and release the queen.

■If the bees should happen to start queen-
cells you can wait two days and cut them out,
unless you want your bees to swarm.

Sometimes a queen will arrive in a feeble
condition, or daubed all over, and then in-
stead of waiting for the bees to eat out the
candy I release her myself as soon as the bees
are very uneasy from the loss of a queen, wiih
the result that I have always found them safe
and sound. Frank S. Degroff.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec. '29.

The Blight Question— Sowing for
Bees.

In Prof. Cook's article, page 2'2, he strikes
the nail on the head (as he usually does),
when he says; '' All must combine, and all
will combine, as ever the right comes upper-
most, and ever is justice done." I am strictly a
lay member, but would be pleased to be kept
in the straight and narrow path.

While not agreeing with the California fel-
lows on the blight question, and while not ad-

, -^""•^'Ok..

SPARK S EARLIANA

Most profitabk' tomato ever f^iown. One
Trucker clearcil $6000. Many others in
proportion. For history of this and other

Money Making Novehies in Seeds.

See our Gardtn a>id Farm Maniiat for
1903. Most complete and yjractical Seed
Catalogue I'ublished. Sent free to Seed
Buyers. Write at once to

JOHNSON <a STOKES,

217-219 Market St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

flease mention B^e Journal -when -writina,

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lovpest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

7^

ORDEI^o EARLy

1 bucgy afld wantt

made to yoar order
;ud for'ihe mammoth ciitaloi
SPLIT HICKORY VEHICLES

It once. It will tell yon ^Lbout our 100 eiclnsive styles of vehicles made of
seoondgrowthSplitliicliorj— split, not sawed-auy of which will be made

fJT..^^^n^l 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL

returnable after trial if not jast as yoo eipected. We have satis-

fied iboQsaods

efy you.

Our SPLIT HICKORY SPECIALat$

lathe bii:Be9t bngKy ba

bed in fall inooroatalonae. i
italoBae lietore yna I as down tl
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG.

lend forlhat

CO..

Please mention Bee Journal -when writinff

BARGAINS IN SEEDS
Choice kinds of Vegetable and Flower Seels it 2 cents
per Packel. Kjower Plants, .i cents eich. M.inv . I,..i. e
novelties. Don't buv until you see our New Catalogue.
Mailed FREE if vou mention this paper.
IOWA SEED CO., D£S MOINES, IOWA.

%

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the tlr^t fco you
;ake in to start you in a prood paving husi-
less. .Send 10 cents tor rull line ui jimples

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cl.lr» ^ ni.

FOR THE BEST

Hires, s.noKERS, exxractors, fou.^oaxio.^

AND ALL

UKE-KEEPKRS'' SUPPLIES,

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal

when writing
Advertisers...

78

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

Here is a Hummer!

We want 1000 subscribers among the readers of the American Bee Journal.
The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee $.50 I ^ /\

^-^---^^'-=^ I All iQ|, 50 {^ents.

"The Horticultural Visitor" is among the best of the fruit-papers published.
" The American Poultry Journal " is one of the oldest and best of its kind.
" The Modern Farmer,"— well, we will let that speak for itself.

Gleanings, The Modern Farmer, and either of the above — one
year— $1.00,

This ad. will not appear again. Do it quick, if you want a bargain. Address,

THE MODERN FARMER, St. Joseph, Mo.

A FRIEND Tip-Top Glass Honey- Jars

Adam's^^o^E" Cutter

It runs easily because it has
"ball beannga. It cuts clean,
quickly and perfecly. Makes a fine
bone shaving sucb as chickens re-
quire. Before you buy send for
Wree catalogue No. y
-W.J.ADAM, JOUET.ILL.
Please mentioa Bee Journal -when -wrltiiifi:

in llfE INVITE all readers of the Amer- «

§5 Ml ICAN Bee JoQRNAL who seek a col- ^

lege for themselves or friends to inves- 49

tigate g

MouniUnionGolleoe |

Our motto in >11 departments is *'Max- ^

imum efficiency at minimum cost." &

Our scholastic training is equal to the g

best, our reputation first-class. All ex- g

penses for a year, aside from the cloth- g

ing- add traveling-, less thaa $200.00. CO' g

education, health conditions, moral and g

religious influence, superior. g

Send for catalog. g

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, g

Alliance, Ohio. b?

9QSSS^QQS&QQQ^Q^

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTEU

to meet thoB« who work for ub. Cow keepers always
have money. We sUrt you In buslnesa. You make
targe profita. Ewy work. We furnish capital. Send
10 cenu for fntl line of samptesand r.rticolars.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Cbicago. Ills.

KieUl-Xoto. — All farmers and ever}'one
who has a garden will be interested in the
new catalog just issued by the Iowa Seed Co.,
of Des Moines, Iowa. It is the largest and
most complete book of this kind every pub-
lished by any seed-firm west of the Missis-
sippi, which, as our readers are doubtless
aware, is the great seed-growing section of the
United States. This firm claims now to stand
first in their line among Twenty Million peo-
ple, and they make a specialty of supplying
the best quality of Seed Corn and other farm
and garden seeds direct frotn the grower to
the user. Catalog will be mailed free on re-
quest. Please mention the American Bee
.Journal when writing.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It , is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
2.'-i.-..|it^-. or will send it FREE as
:i |>iiiiiMitn for sending us One
\,-\\ subscriber to the Bee Journal
fur ;i yrar tit SI. 00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Tournal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QBORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made of the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
makes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which is an important thing with honey-
sellers.

We can furnish these jars, f .o.b. Chicago,
at these prices; One gross, $5,00; two gross,
?4,7" a gross; five or more gross $4.5i) per
gros

If. lu try them once you willlikely use no
other sind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey ars.

^ JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M4 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI*

The White Mfg. Co.

wants to sell you your Supplies. Send for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free. Best goods for best
prices. Address,

THE WHITE MFG. CO.

3A4t BLOSSOM, Lamar Co., TEX.

Please mention Bee Journal -when writine

*'Bees in Colorado"

I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and a good many people
without visible axes to grind have said
it is a valuable and attractive thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or S two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.

" Bees in Colorado " is the title of a 48-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up to boom
the Denver convention. Its author is D. VV.
Working, the alert secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association, It is beauti-
fully illustrated, and printed on enameled
paper. It is a credit to .Mr. Working, and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side of Colorado with the bee and honey
characteristics and opportunites of that
State. — American Bee .lournal.

D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Colo.

^ease mention Bee Journal "when WTitlng.

vancing any cure for blight, I once happened
to live one summer where there were no bees,
but in a district where nearly everything in
frtjit line blighted, especially in the varieties
of pear and apple, and it was all kinds, too —
tree, litiib and twig, also fruit-blight — and it
was impossible for it to have been done by in-
oculation by bees or insects, especially the
twig and fruit, as one day they were all green,
thrifty and growing, the next day blighted,
shriveled and brown by evening. The people
called it " electric blight," claitiiing there was
no blight there until the telegraph and tele-
phone lines were stretched through their dis-
trict.

As I feel a little critical, I noticed another
article by J, E. Johnson, of Knox Co,, 111,,
who claims he has an orchard of ttOO trees and
no blight. Now, whether that is not a smooth
way of securing an "ad," I am not sure, as
after the assertion he leaves the subject, I
would prefer that he would get the affidavits
of some disinterested neighbors to that affect,
and then give us the formula or peculiar
method of cultivation. I.e., if he wishes to be
a great public benefactor. The seed-sowing
part of his article is all right, provided there
is waste or uncultivated lands to scatter seeds
on, but when we use good, tillable land for
raising bee-pasturage only, I am afraid it will
hardly pay, while all kinds of blooming crops
give two dividends, I find that turnip is a
tine honey-plant, blooms at a season just after
fruit-bloom, and the bees literally cover it
from morning till dewy eve. If florists in
their " ads" and circulars would always say
whether or not certain flowers were honey-
secreting, they would secure many sales from
apiarists that at present they do not.

There are the ''Sisters '' that call a fellow
an " t)ld Drone," Not being a bachelor, this
probably is admissible, but suppose afellow is
not " old," and more, it there is another in-
sect that really deserves sympathy more than
the drone-bee, I am not acquainted with it. In
the first place, Mr, Drone-Bee is fed on the
fat of the land, groomed and kept sleek, not
allowed to wait on himself, hovers the brood
in cool nights and after a time of elegant leis-
ure is pounced upon and ruthlessly driven
from his own home to starve. Just think of
it! W. S. Mitchell.

Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter.

Feeding Bees— Dividing or Shaking.

I thought I might write how I fed the bees
200 pounds of sugar, I fixed up some feeders
with fioaters in them that gave me far better
results than the Miller feeder,

I keep the mice out of my cellar by the use
of poison and traps,

I have practiced dividing my bees for 15
years; I suppose every large bee-keeper does
this, I always run out-apiaries by the shaken
or dividing plan,

I took all the honey from my bees last fall
and fed sugar syrup, I have sold nearly all
my comb honey, for the last two years, as
chunk honey, cut it up and put it in Mason
jars, and then filled up with extracted honey,
I find ready sale for this kind of a package,
I found a way to keep the honey from granu-
lating in the jar. Put in just a little tartaric
acid, I do not see that it hurts the honey.
What do you think ! C. J. Barber,

Monona Co., Iowa,

New and Old Things in Beedom,

When will there cease to be something new
in the bee-keeping line ! I've been puzzling
my brain over that fellow, who came over
from Canada, " by letter," to have a talk with
Mr, Doolittle, How that could be done, " by
letter," and have the questions and answers
in such consecutive order, and have them so
interwoven together-r-firsl one asking a ques-
tion and then the other ; and each answering
the other's question— is more than I can get
through my stupid noddle. If a 'phone were
used, it is easy to understand it; or, it wire-
less telegraphy were brought into requisition
we might comprehend it; but the other thing
beats me. It is worse than the 13-14-15 puz-
zle, I give it up.

Not only something new, but old things —
matters we might suppose were buried out of
sight— bob up, like Banquo's ghost, to annoy

Jan. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

79

us, and tjet us ''all by the ears " apiin. Now,
it's the color of what we wear in the bee-.vard.
I'll be careful to " slug low,'' for 1 don't
want any hair-puUins — have but a few stray
locks left, and prize them hi);hly. Have
always worn black — or nearly always — but
not of the rough, woolly texture. Usually
have a pair of black-silk stoekinf; legs drawn
over my shirt-sleeves, to keep them from
being soiled as I work in the hive. Never
have experienced any inconvenience on ac-
count of annoyance of the bees by so doing-
Perhaps ui,v bees were better-natured than
some others. Often roll up my sleeves to my
elbows, go down to the very bottom of the
hive of a strong colony without a sting;
never wear gloves.

Have seen bees alight all over a person
wearing light-colored fuzzy garments, but
when exchanged for something smooth, it
seemed to take all the flght out of them. You
know, a cross bee will make a bee-liiie for
one's eyes if she can get there, but if the eyes
are protected, will get as near as she can.
How she will buzz around, peeping through
your veil from side to side, hoping to And a
place to dart through !

There is a reflection of light from the eye,
as we always see in the photograph. The bees
are attracted by it; or they seem to know
that there is the vulnerable point for attack.
The head of the "hat-pin." which has been
recently referred to, has just such a point of
reflection, seen from any point of view, and
becomes an attractive object for investiga-
tion. I think it would make no difference
whether the head of the pin was white or
black, red, green or blue. Wearing this hat-
pin is a new idea. Think I'll stick a couple
or so in the top of my old bee-bat for the bees
to play with.

There is another thing that has attracted
mj attention not a little since commencing
the study of the honey-bee, and that is a kind
of miller, differing materially from the moth-
miller which we often see infesting the hive
of bees. Hear of them occasionally as being
among colonies of bees and comb honey, but
in all my experience, have never found so
many as this year. Have found more than I
ever saw in any old box-hive of black bees.
They seem to do no particular harm. Who
can give us any light on the subject '.

Walworth Co., Wis. Wm. M. Whitney.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

WUconsin. — The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet Feb. 4 and 5, in Mad-
ison, Wis. Special program prepared. E.x-
curslon railroad rates and special hotel rates
secured. N. E. France, Pres.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego Connt J Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

MOKTiMER Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

Michigan.— The Michigan State Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual convention
Feb. 3 and 4, 1'lOS, in the Council Rooms of the
City Hall, ac Lansing. The rooms are in the
third story, back away from the noise of
the street, yet they can be reached by the ele-
vator.

Arrangements have been made at a nice, clean
hotel, the Wentworth House, only two blocks
from the place of meeting, where bee-keepers
will be accommodated at $1.50 a day.

The Michigan State Dairymen will hold their
convention at the Agricultural College, Lan-
sing, on the s.'ime dates, as also will the State
Veterinaries, thus enabling the members of all
three societies to come at reduced rates. When
buying your ticket you will pay full fare, and
ask for a certificate " on account of Michigan
Dairymen's Convention," as the secretary of
this convention is to sign the certificates for all
three of the conventions. This certificate will
enable you to go back at one-third fare.

The first session will be on the evening of the
3rd, when E. R. Root will show us " Bee-Keep-
iog from the Atlantic to the Pacific, as seen
through the Camera and Stereopticon." This
will consist of portraits of distinguished bee-
keepers, of apiaries, hives, implements, meth-
ods, etc., all luUy explained. A more enjoya-

ble entertainment for a bee-keeper can not te
imagined.

Mr. C. A. Huff, who has been e-Kperiuieutiug
the past season with formalin for curing foul
brood, hss promised to be present. Messrs.
Soper and Aspinwall are not tar away, and will
probably be present. Mr. Aspinwall has kept
about 70 colonies for the past 10 years, without
losing a colony in winter. He can tell us how
be has prevented this loss; also how he pre-
vents swarming. Mr. T. F. Bingham, who has
been so successful wintering bees in a cellar
built like a cistern, is also e.spected. Messrs.
A. D. 1>. Wood and J. H. Larrabee will help to
make the meeting a success.

This is the first time that the convention has
been held in the Southern part of the State in
several years; let us turn out and show our ap-
preciation of the event.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

Mb Keystone
...Boney-Jars

These are clear flint glass jars hold-
ing just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone. They are Vjs inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax or paraffin. We can fur-
nish them in single gross lots, with
corks, f.o.b. Chicago, at $3.50 ; two
gross, $3.25 per gross ; or five or more
gross, at $3.00 a gross. These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about. We have only a few
gross of them left. So speak quick
if you want them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

,^ The Greider Strains^

^^jg Very It'w pri'L^ on birds and eggs, considering

^^y'^ forlOcents. Write tn-day.
^a^' B. H. GREIDER, RHEEMS, PA.

Please taention Bee Journal when "writinet.

Honey For Sale.

20OO lbs. Basswood E.xtracted honev, at 'ic a
pound. All in Ml lb. cans. Warranted PURE

HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.

5Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Prevent Honey Candying

Sent free to all. '-'

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

"What Happened to Ted"

EV IS.^HELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stridden are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, hound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver. ) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Bindei with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year — both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this ** Emerson " no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Jan 9.— The demand is not more
than usual; hence stocks are sufficient, esp;-
cially as Cuba has now comb honey on this
market. This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as it obvi-
ates the necessity of laying in a stock durinjf
the summer and autumn to draw from in the
winter and spring months. The best grades of
white comb sell at 15@16c per pound, with
travel-stained and light amber, 13®14c; darker
grades, 10(o>12. Extracted, 7@i<c for white, and
(j@7c lor ambers. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett Je Co.

Albany, N. Y., Jan. 7.— Honey demand and
receipts litrht. We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mi.yed, 14c; buckwheat, 13@14c. E.xtracted,
white, 7(ai'7^c; dark and buckwheat, 7faa!^c.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
here. H. R. Wrioht.

Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24 sections, $3.50; No. 1 at 13.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3,25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J^c; amber, 6@(,)4c. Beeswax, 27@3Dc.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5^i@6^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8(219^0. Fancy white comb
honey, 16^17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 29@30c.

The Fred W. Moth Co.

New York, Dec. 23.— The market on comb
honey is dull and inactive. While the supply
is not large the demand has fallen off to a large
extent and prices show a weakening tendency.
We quote fancy white at ISc; No. I, 14c; No. 2,
13c; and buckwheat at from 10(8120. Extracted
is in fairly good demand; white. 7j.tc; light am-
ber, 6i^®7c; dark, 5^@6c. Beeswax firm at
from 28@29c. Hildrbth & Sboblkbh,

Cincinnati, Jan. 20.— The demand for comb
honey has fallen off, which in general happens
right after the holidays, although prices rule
as before: White clover, IS^c; extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand for lower grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows: Amber, in barrels, 5Ji@5^c; in cans,
6c; alfalfa, ~^c; white clover, 7J^(gf8>4c. Bees-
wax, 28@30c. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
llJ^@12Hc; light amber, l(i@llc; dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, o@ti5^c; light amber, S$S%c;
amber, 4(gJ4%c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26fa27J^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of 1902 in the State at IS cars," worth S'^Wbc per
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

UONEY !

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. ri. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

Z^Atf T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, M»''

Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing.

$300,000,000.00 A Y£AR

ami you may have part, of it if you wofli
I'oruB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pars
that sum. St-nd 1(X- for samples and partio-
ulurs. We furnish capital t.j start vi>m in

buolnesB. Draper Publisbiag Co.Chlugo, 111.

Please mention Bee Journal
I when writing advertisers.

80

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1903.

BEE=KEEPERS, §

^ Save Money by Buying

g Hives, Sections, Brood
*? Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, ^^d everything

^^^^^^^^^^J ELSE YOU NEED, OF

THE W. T. FftLGONER MFG. CO., '^
Jamestown, N. Y.

»S" Our goods are guaranteed of sup

rior quality in every way. 9i

Send for our large illustrated catalog, JZ

and copy of 92

THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER, S

S amonthly forall bee-keepers; SOcayear. fcj

0 (Now in 12th year. H. E. Hill, Editor.) O

W jy w. M. Gerbish, E. Nottingham, JZ

K N- H., carries a full line of our goods at 52

S catalog prices. Older of him and save 52

PleP=ie mention Bee Journai when -OTTiting

ANOTHER CARLOAD

OF THAT FINE

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

^ui.is^iiiJ^AJiS..iS,J^ia,.ii>^ia.ja,ja,je^ja.ja,ja,ja^

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago: 1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'jC
a pound ; 2 boxes or more (4 or more
cans), at 8c a pound. We can furnish
Basswood Honey at ,'ic a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE^SUPPLIESr

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

ervice. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

512 MASS. AVE. INDUNtPDLIS.IHO.

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^aillUnilci 1 Frnlta, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Cali-
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The leading Hortlcnltural and Agricnltnral
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OF ALL
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at all times.

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It is a fact that Root's catalog for liXI3, the 92nd edition, ^

contains information valuable to fverij bee-keeper, whether he ^.

has one colony or a thousand colonies. The catalog is ready 5?^

for mailing, and will be sent free to all applicants. If you will ^;

give us the names and addresses of ten or more bee-keepers, we ^*

will send you in addition our 40-page semi-monthly journal, S;

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It is a fact that bee-keepers using the Danz. hive get better
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Uin'tiat' Drira " '^ '^^^^ * '*''' "^^'' ''^^ honey in Danz. Sections generally

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lOr nUncy . sections who had to hold his honey because of a dull market.

It is a fact that Root' 6 Goods are in demand everywhere. For
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raLlO AUUU I Pull of information, and sent to any address tor a 3c stamp, or
Dpac f'''"' '^ you mention this paper.

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.

^ W^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '''oiihfiot^lT' T.

^ are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to ^
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Wax-Presses vs. Sun-Extractors.

H. H. ROOT.

The Ontario Honey Exchange.

W. A. CHRYSLER.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. FEB. 5, 1903.

No. 6.

82

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Gtiicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Mii,ler, E.E.Hastv, Emm

. M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SI. 00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

CBLI<-CUPS AND FINISHED CELI.S.

CAGES OF QUEEN EXCI,UDING METAI<.

Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder

An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Times.

One of the greatest objections urged against
a lamp-nursery, or any kind of a nursery
where bees are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are robbed
of the actual care of the bees. When the
bees have access to a cell, and the time ap-
proaches for the queen to emerge, the wax
over the point is pared, and, as the queen
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts to leave the cell. A queen hatched
away from the bees loses all of this food,
cheer, and comradeship; and, until intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would secure were she
among the bees.

All of these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills. Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell to a No. 12 gun-wad. By the use
of melted wax these wads, with the cell at-
tached, are stuck, at proper intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width of a Langstroth brood-frame. Two

(Patent Applied for.)

wire staples driven into the inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.

The process of transferring larvie to the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be repeated here. When the cells are
sealed they may be picked off the bar (still
attached to the gun-wads) ; and right here is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in. Each cell, as it is removed, is
slipped into a little cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding zinc, the cage being about
two inches long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad Uts snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of the cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad. Long rows of these cages, filled
with sealed cells, are placed between two
wooden strips that fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire staples that fit into slots cut in the ends
of the strips. To hold the cages in their
places, holes, a trifie larger than the diameter
of the cage, are bored, at proper intervals,
through the upper strip, thjs allowing the

cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way through the lower
bar.

A frame full of these cages, stocked with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no attention whatever except to
remove the queens as they are needed. The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the cells, care for them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.

These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a cage to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her. They can be-
come acquainted with her, and give her the
same scent as themselves. When desirable to
release her, one end of the cage can be
stopped with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.

By putting food in one end of the cage, a
queen may be kept caged, away from the
bees, the same as in any other cage.

Price, $5.00, by Express,

Or with the Americati Bee Journal
one year — both for $5.50.

^i^m

Send all orders

.0 GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 5, 1903,

No. 6.

* Editorial. ^ k

Bee-Keeping in Illinois.— The follow-
ing concerning the value and importance of
the bee, honey and beeswax iudustrj of the
State of Illinois, is taken from the United
States census report for 1900 ;

Number of bee-farms or apiaries . 81,932

" colonies of bees 179,953

" pounds of honey a,961,0S0

" " beeswax.. 75,290

Value of honey and beeswax $343,300

In the order of largest amount of honey
produced by States, Illinois is 5th. Texas
takes the lead, except in average number of
pounds per colony, and in this Arizona is
first.

Surely, with such a showing as Illinois is
able to make, her bee-industry deserves recog-
nition at the hands of the Legislature, by way
of an anti-foul-brood law, which should be
passed this winter. It will not do for Illinois
to be the last in the list of progressive States
in this regard. Already Wisconsin, Colorado,
California and Michigan are ahead.

Bee-Keeping in the South is, in its

leading features, the same as in the North.
The natural history of the honey-bee and its
habits are the same everywhere. Tet there
are differences due to locality that can not be
ignored except at a loss. Wintering in the
South scarcely needs a thought ; in the North
it is a perplexing study; and if the attention
be closely given to this and some other differ-
ing points, one is likely to imagine a greater
difference than really exists between the two
regions. This leads a correspondent from the
South, .while greatly appreciating the value of
the American Bee Journal, to say:

" I am somewhat disappointed in not seeing
anything from this section, or anywhere near
us at all. Our climate and conditions are very
different from those described by most of your
writers. I am only a beginner, and therefore
not able to write for old veterans, or I would
try now and then. Can't you stir up some of
the Southerners ?"

This journal, as its name implies, is not sec-
tional. It is intended for the whole country.
If our correspondent will go through the dif-
ferent numbers of the American Bee Journal
for the past year, and cross out all matter not
applicable to his section of country, he will
probably be surprised to tind how little will
be crossed out, and what a large mass of use-
ful reading he will have left.

Moreover, it is largely what its subscribers
make it. If one part of the country sends in

more contributions than another, it is mainly
because the contributors so will it. Neither
is our correspondent alone in finding no con-
tributions from any one within easy hailing
distance. This is a country of a good many
siiuare miles, and correspondents are well
scattered. Many a reader at the North can
also say, " I find no writer from anywhere
near us at all."

Our correspondent, and others like him,
may help the matter by putting aside their
modesty and sending in contributions them-
selves, telling of their experiences and their
wants, and they will probably find that noth-
ing will more quickly draw out others situated
in like conditions, so that they will not have
long to complain of hearing from uo one
"anywhere near us at all.''

Insects and Plant Diseases. — At the

Universal Exposition to be held in St. Louis
in 1904, under the classification of Useful In-
sects and Their Products, Injurious Insects
and Plant Diseases, there will be installed in
the Agriculture Palace displays as follows:

Systematic collections of useful and inju-
rious insects.

Bees. Silkworms and other bombycids.
Cochineal insects.

Systematic collections of vegetable parasites
of plants and animals.

Appliances for rearing and keeping bees
and silkworms. Their products — honey, wax,
cocoons.

Appliances and processes for destroying
plant-diseases and injurious insects.

There will be no charge for space occupied
by such exhibits, and a limited amount of
power for the operation of mechaaical devices
to illustrate processes of special interest will
be furnished to exhibitors without charge.

Producer's Name on Honey. — We

have received the following from Mr. P. D.
Jones, of Livingston Co., N. Y. :

Editor Yokk :— Will you allow me a small
space in the American Bee Journal to say a
few words on your comments on marking
honey-cases, on page 027 (1902) ;

You say that you received a nice lot of
honey with the producer's name on each sec-
tion and case, and that you scraped off all the
marks, and put on your own name. Now, I
ask, Was that act an honest one ; I say no.
You robbed that producer of the honor and
credit of producing and shipping a fine crop
of honey, and look all the credit yourself.
His address on his eases was to let dealers
know where to find honey that was all right,
and well put up for the market, so that next
season there might be others that would want
to deal with him, and it would make competi-
tion for his honey, and a better price, which
means more money for his honey.

You say that it is not a safe rule to put your
name on comb honey. Why uot * I have
kept bees aud soUl honey for .55 years, and I
have never been hurt yet. I have no trouble

in getting rid of my honey, and my name is
on every case that I ship.

You say that you have worked up a demand
for "York's Honey," and not Smith's, or
Miller's, or Nelson's. But how did you do it!
You bought some very nice honey that some
one had taken a great deal of pains to pro-
duce, and put up in very fine style, and scraped
off his name and put on your own, and
palmed it off as your own production. Now,
is that right { I say no. Had I ever sold you
honey and learned that you scraped off my
name and substituted yours in its place, I am
certain that our dealings would have ended
right then and there.

If the commission merchant wishes his
address on the honey he buys, let him send
his stencil-plate to the seller and ask him to
use it on the cases, and not object to the pro
ducer's name being on at the same time ; his
wishes will be granted without fail.

You say that you have a right to put your
name on it you are willing to stand responsi-
ble for its purity. What an idea ! Did you
ever buy any comb honey that was adulter-
ated ? If you have, and get any more, please
send me some at my expense.

Some persons are ever ready to criticise
others, but do not like to take the medicine
themselves. P. D. Jones.

We do not expect to buy any honey of Mr.
Jones — wouldn't take it as a gift, if we were
compelled to keep his name on it. We are
not quite so foolish as to keep the producer's
name on any honey we offer for sale, for
Jones, nor Smith, nor several other producers
would each produce all we sell during a sea-
son. Aud we don't care to have grocers ask
us for more of Smith's honey, and be com-
pelled to tell them we are out of it, when we
have a lot more on hand from several other
bee-keepers that we know Is just as good,
if not better than Smith's.

It is all right for Jones to put his name on
his honey if /"■ is retailing it hiinnelf, or selling
directly to grocers, but we wouldn't care to
have his nor anybody else's honey with name
of producer on it.

We never say on our labels that we are the
producers of the honey we sell, not even if it
is really from our own apiary. That isn't
necessary at all.

We hope that on the next wheat, or corn,
or potatoes, or hogs, Mr. Jones produces and
sells he will be sure to put his name — he
should brand the hogs, see that his name is
on every grain of the wheat, on every ear of
corn, and on every potato ! Any one can see
the ridiculousness of all this.

We have spent hundreds of dollars in work-
ing up a demand for " York's Honey," and
not that of Jones, Smith, or even Yon Yonson.
And our conscience is as clear as a bell on
this subject, too.

Bees Carrying Pollen. — Do bees use
judgment in carrying pollen ! In some cases,
perhaps in some places, bees carry in more
pollen than in others. Some complain that

84

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

more is stored than is needed. Possibly this
ma3' not be true in every case where it is sus-
pected. In spring a large amount of pollen is
used to carry on brood-rearing, and if a stock
of it had not been stored up in the previous
summer the amount of brood reared might be
curtailed. It is an interesting (luestion to
know whether the bees use enough judgment
to let up on gathering pollen when they have
a large stock on hand, or whether, like honey,
it is gathered at all times when it can be had,
whether the stock on hand be large or small.
One way to help decide the matter would be
to take from a colony that had been queenless
a long time all its combs of pollen and give
them to a colony with a laying queen. Then,
if the bees use any judgment in the matter,
the bees with the laying queen might lessen
their pollen-gathering and the queenless col-
ony increase it, unless there is something in
the nature of the ease that makes old bees
cease to gather pollen.

The National Association. — We have
received the following announcement from
Pres. Hutchinson, giving the result of the
election held by the National Bee-Keepers'
Association in December, 1902 :

Having received from Ellis E. Mason, Sec-
retary of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, the results of the December election for
General Manager and three Directors, I make
the following announcements:

Whole number of votes cast for General
Manager 610, of which N. E. France received
489; E. T. Abbott, 11"; scattering, 4. Mr.
N. E. France is hereby declared elected as
General Manager.

Whole number of votes cast for Directors
567, of which G. M. Doolittle received 364 ;
W. F. Marks. 262; Thomas G. Newman, 349;
Udo Toeppervvein, 149 ; Wm. A. Selser, IO.t;
Wm. McEvoy, 86 ; G. W. Vangundy, 74. The
rest of the votes are scattered among 120
members, no one of them receiving more than
32 votes. Mr. G. M. Doolittle having received
a majority vote, is hereby declared elected as
Director. No other candidate for Director
having received a majority vote, as is required
by the Constitution, no other is elected. The
Constitution says that the Directors' term of
office '• shall be four years, or until their suc-
cessors shall be elected and qualified;" thus
Mr. W. F. Marks and Mr. Thomas G. Newman
retain their ollices, at least for the present.

W. Z. Hutchinson,
Preaidetit yational Bee-Keepers'' Ansoclaiion.

On the subject of the election muddle In
which the National Association now finds
itself, Mr. Herman F. Moore, an attorney,
and Secretary of the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association, has this to say :

Cook Co., III., Jan. 27, 1903.
Editor American Bee Joi knal —

I have read everything that has been
printed on the General JIanagership trouble.
There is no doubt but that the words, " has
been regularly and properly nominated, and
is believed to be worthy of your support,"
should never have Ijeen printed on the ballot.
I can not excuse Mr. Eugene Secor for their
presence there. He, a practical politician,
must have known their impropriety at the
time. Perhaps he thought this was only a
family matter, and the ordinary rules of
ethics did not apply. I hope lam not unjust
or uncharitable when I say that I believe the
Iriie reason for his action was a desire to " get
back " at Mr. Abbott. The presence in his

Annual Report, of words indicating that Mr.
Abbott had never turned over the money,
goes to prove this view.

Mr. Abbott never was my personal prefer-
ence for General Manager, nor was Mr. France.
But I felt that, as Mr. Abbott had agreed to
submit his status to the election in December,
there should have been no attempt to prevent
such a submission. I believe the said words
so printed on the ballot were the result of an
effort on the part of some of our otlicers or
members to " do up " Mr. Abbott, at all
events. If so, such action is on a par with
the most disreputable party politics, and must
be openly condemned.

However, I think the old National is in no
danger of immediate dissolution, any more
than the family is in danger when the boy
comes home and announces to father and
mother that he is " not going to school any
more." The young man gets a certain needed
chastisement, and the great institution goes
along very much as before.

Let me say while I am writing, that our
great body ( the greatest bee-keepers' society
in the world) must be governed by strict
parliamentary rules. All bodies of men, asso-
ciated for a common interest, have from time
immemorial submitted themselves to certain
rules that make for harmony and the dispatch
of business. There are " Roberts' Rules of
Order," " Reed's Rules," etc. Some of the
errors into which our officers have fallen
would have been easily avoided by following
closely the rules of order applicable to such
cases. This great body of loOO American
citizens can be controlled in no other way.

I am satisfied that no new election is pos-
sible under our Constitution, which says.
'■ The election shall be held in December each
year." No new ballot can be cast until
December, 1903, and none of us desires 12
months to elapse and nothing doing. The
matter has gone to the voters in the regular
way, and they have decided for Mr. France.
This should end the dispute. I think even
Mr. Abbott would not desire to go to the
voters again for another beating.

I think I am within the facts in saying that
Mr. N. E. France, the General Manager-elect,
has no enemies, and will make a good officer,
satisfactory to all. Let him serve his term,
and let our National Bee-Keepers' Association
move on to victory. Herman F. Moore.

Convention Notices. — We would like to
suggest to secretaries of bee-keepers' associa-
tions that they send in notices of their meet-
ings at least 30 days in advance of holding the
same. Recently we received two notices too
late to get them published before the meetings
were to be held. W^e are always glad to pub-
lish such notices if received in time, but, of
course, it is of no use to have a notice appear
after the meeting has been held.

We trust all secretaries who read this will
kindly remember it. Also remember to write
the convention notice on a separate sheet of
paper.

Mr. .J. S. Barb and Apiary. — When Mr.
Barb sent-the photograph for the engraving
on the first page, he wrote thus :

I send a picture showing our home and a
part of my apiary. My grandfather, Gabriel
iiarb, settled on this place in September, 1821.
He had built a log-house where our present
home now stands, which was built in 1863.
When my grandfather moved here he brought
a colony of bees along in the old log-gum that
my left hand is resting upon.

My father, Isaac Barb, was born in the log-
house Dec. 18, 1822, and lived all his life on
this place until he died, Nov. 21, 1886. I was
born in the old log-house March 5, 1850, and
have lived all my life so far on the old farm,
and will stay here the rest of my life. Bees
have been kept continually since 1836, and
there will be bees kept here as long as I stay.
Is it any wonder that I tuve to work with the
bees ?

In the foreground of the picture are two
other pioneer hives, also a straw-hive that

was made 34 years ago. I have an old box-
hive that father used to keep his bees in, and
in the season of 1869 he took a box of honey
from that hive that held a little over 30
pounds, and It sold for 30 cents per pound;
it came to -?10, and the next year he took a
box from the same hive which weighed 36
pounds. This box was sold at 25 cents per
pound, and brought S9, or .*19 worth of honey
from the same colony in two seasons.

In 1870 we started with 25 old colonies; the
first swarm issued .June 5 or 6, and-from that
time until July 3 we had 76 swarms. Our bees
were nearly all in bo.x hives, and we did not
know then about cutting out queen-cells and
returning after-swarms.

In the fall of 1874 we had 30 colonies when
winter began, and in the spring of 1875 there
were 8 colonies left. In the fall of 1878
father had 36 colonies and I had 9. In the
spring of 1879 he had 3 colonies left and I had
none. I had some fun that spring taking out
honey from the hives and getting out bees-
wax. We took nearly 200 pounds of honey
from the hives the bees died in. and 60 pounds
of beeswax. Those were some of my earlier
experiences in keeping bees. I have had
some about as discouraging since, still I- stick
to the bees (and they stick pretty close to me,
sometimes, too).

You will notice a hive to the left of the ex-
tractor; that colony belongs to a stock of
bees that were on the farm of my uncle,
William Sanger, near North Bristol, Ohio, for
over 90 years before I brought it over to its
present location, as I am keeping it on shares
now. There were 4 colonies when I brought
them over four years ago last spring, but only
one is left. I got a rousing swarm from it
last season. I took nearly 50 pounds of e.x-
tracted honey from the 2-story hive back of
me at my right.

There are two hives, one on each side of my
wife, and also oue back of the 2-story hive
which has two cases of sections on. I traded
a 5-weeks old pig for those 3 colonies, and 15
cents extra, a year ago the first part of last
June. I got about 40 pounds of honey from
them last season. I wintered all three of
them, and another colony I got on another
trade two .years ago last June is shown right
back of the hive between my wife and me.
From those 4 colonies and their increase (3
swarms) I took nearly 150 pounds of comb
honey last season. My best yield from one
colony is 55 pounds of comb honey; total
yield about 2.50 pounds of comb, and nearly 50
pounds of extracted honey.

I commenced the season with 14 colonies,
bought 4 swarms at *1. 00 each, I furnishing
the hives, and I now have 29 colonies. I gave
the boy at my right in the picture two after-
swarms put together — one July 2 and one
July 4. August 13 they cast a good-sized
swarm with a young queen, as I heard two
young queens piping in the hive the evening
before.

Those cfiaft hives shown between the two
trees in the upper row are empty. The tree
back of me is a hard-maple tree which was
planted in the spring of 1876 — Centennial
year; it measures 5 feet in eireumference a
little above the ground. I carried it nearly a
quarter of a mile when I planted it.

The other persons in the picture are my
wife, Eliza Barb, her nephew, Harry Royer
(who is living with us), and my aunt, Mrs.
Elizabeth Duhl, my father's only sister, who
was also born in the old log-house Jan. 39,
18;i0.

I call this the Hillside Pioneer Apiary. I
commenced taking the American Bee Journal
in January, 1S83, and have taken it ever since.
It grows better and better. J. S. Barb.

Keep Them Qolng.

" One step won't take you very far —
You've got to keep on walking;
One word won't tell folks who you are —
You've got to keep on talking.
" One inch won't make you very tall —
Y'ou've got to keep on growing;
One little ad. won't do it all —
Youv'e got to keep them going.''
— The Implement and Vehicle News.

Feb. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

65

WAX-PRESSES.

Their Advantag-es Over the Sun-Extractors-
Directions for Making- and Using- a Cheap
But Effective Hot-Water Extractor.

BY H. H. ROOT.

WERE we to go to Cuba we should find some men who
keep bees only for the wax they produce. Much of
the honey is fed back or wasted, because the natives
think it pays them better to ship the wax than to bother
with the honey. If they were to come here to the United
States they would find some men who run apiaries solely
for the purpose of getting the honey, paying no attention
to the was, but wasting it by throwing away old combs,
etc. These men represent extremes, and probably there are
not many bee-keeper who would advocate either method ;
but it is a recognized fact that a great amount of wax is
wasted by being thrown awaj' as dirt, old comb, etc. It is
pretty generally known now that the sun -extractors are not
the most economical in the long run. They have their uses,
and are very convenient to leave in some handy place in the
apiary, to act as a receptacle for small pieces of burr-comb
which collect all the time. I do not know that any estimate
can be given of the percent of wax that is wasted in render-
ing old combs in a sun-extractor, as it depends on the age
of the combs, and how much dirt there is in them.

Lately the most up-to-date bee-keepers are beginning to
use extractors in which the wax is pressed out of the old
comb by means of a screw or a heavy lever, while the con-
tents are heated above the melting point. There are three
methods of rendering from old combs : 1. Pressure on the
combs, when heated by steam ; 2. Pressure under hot
water ; 3. Pressure on the comb which has been heated
somewhere else.

In my experiments with wax-presses I consider steam-
presses by far the most efficient. They are quicker, easier
to operate, and do better work. Some have said that the
old comb should be under hot water when the pressure is
applied, because, as the mass of wax oozes out from the
dirt, it instantly floats to the surface, giving place to that
which may come afterwards ; or, in other words, the hot-
water method "takes in the slack." However, I believe
this to be simply theory. I do not see why melted wax can
not drop down from the old comb, which is surrounded by
steam, just as well as it c^n float up from it when surrounded
by hot water. Lest some one should say this is also theory,
I would state that by actual test I have proven its correct-
ness.

All other things being equal in my experiments, I have
found that there can be just as much wax obtained by the
steam method, and in mucli less lime, than by the hot-water
method. Aside from this, there are many objections to the
hot-water. The juices from the dead bees or larvx' give the
water a very dark, reddish-brown color, darkening the wax
to a very great extent. After the pressure has been applied,
and about all the wax comes out of the old comb that will
come, it is then very hard to get the melted wax off the sur-
face of the water. The only way is to let the whole mass
cool so it may be taken from the top in the form of a cake.

In the third, the comb is heated in a wash-boiler or
some other receptacle on the stove, and then poured into the
press. I have not had as good results with this as with the
other two. I admit that it is a quicker method ; but when a
bee-keeper renders out wax it is usually done in the winter,
when his time is not the most important item. I am con-
vinced that a great deal of wax is left in the comb unless
the said comb is kept at a high temperature during the pro-
cess of pressing. Again, lest some should say that this is
theory, or that my experiments have not been made cor-
rectly, I would say that one writer, after reading an article
in Gleanings in Hee-Culture for Sept. 15, on the subject of
wax-presses, stated that he could get more vpax by his
method of pressing the comb after it had been heated else-
where than by pressing it in hot water or steam. To prove
his statements he sent a sample of the pressed-out comb,
saying that we could test it for ourselves, to show that it

contained no wax. As he suggested, we did test his sample
in hot water, and found that it contained 25 percent pure
wax. I do not mean that this method of pressing out old
combs, which has been heated in another receptacle, leaves
25 percent of wax, but I do assert that it leaves a great deal
more wax than the two other methods — that is, of pressing
under hot water or with steam.

In describing a home-made press, since steam would re-
quire a more expensive apparatus, I will tell about a home-
made wax-press using hot water as the method of heating,
and giving very good results, though not as quickly as with
a steam press :

The first thing to get is a water-tight barrel. Saw it
off, making a tub about one foot in depth. Bore a whole in
one side near the bottom, and insert a short piece of pipe,
to be used to drain ofl^ the hot water and wax after pressing.
A wooden plug should be fitted into the end of this pipe, to
act as a valve.

We must next consider how we are going to apply the
pressure — with a screw or with a lever. In my experiments
either works about the same, only a lever take two to oper-
ate it, making it more expensive, and not quite so quick. I
prefer a screw, and used such a one as can be found in an
ordinary carpenter's bench-vise — something that can be ob-
tained very cheaply at any hardware store. A cross-piece
of hardwood, 4 inches wide by 3 inches thick, should be
placed across the top of the tub, and one of corresponding
dimensions underneath. These should be connected by two
side-pieces, also of hard wood, about an inch from each side
of the tub, and the whole firmly clamped together by long
half-inch bolts with heavy washers. The nut belonging to
the screw should be placed in a hole bored through the mid-
dle of the hardwood piece extending across the top of the
tub, and the tub itself is to rest on the under piece. A
plunger must be made having a smooth, hard top on which
the screw is to rest.

When ready to begin operations, wrap up (in cheese-
cloth) about 5 pounds of old comb or refuse from the solar
wax-extractor, and place this package of comb in the tub.
Next, pour on top of this one good-sized pailful of boiling
water. It will be enough since the tub is only one foot
high. Place the plunger on top, and slowly turn the screw
down. The wax will immediately float to the top until the
screw is clear down. Next, turn the screw up ; and after
tipping up the plunger with a stick, haul over the contents
of the cheese-cloth package, and again apply the pressure.
By this time all the wax, or as much as can be obtained,
will be at the surface of the hot water, and the whole may
be poured off or drawn off through the spout, and allowed
to cool. By keeping four or five pailfuls of water going it
is not diflicult to have hot water as fast as necessary. In this
way I succeeded in getting 18 ounces as the average amount
of wax from 5 pounds of very old combs, and in less than
20 minutes. This amount would, of course, vary greatly
according to the age of the comb and the amount of dirt or
old cocoons in it.

Save up your old combs; and some winter day, when
your time is not worth much, render them out and you will
be surprised at the amount of wax that you receive. You
can easily make SO cents an hour — a very low figure — and
in time which would otherwise be worth very little.

Medina Co., Ohio.

Easy Bee- Keeping— Prolific Queens-
ducing.

Intro-

BY E. A. MORG.^N.

ON page 776 (1902), in an article by F. Greiner, reference
is made to the bee-keepers' convention last winter where
a friend gave his management of bees. It consisted in
giving plenty of room — two extra 10-frame brood-chambers
full of comb were added below. It prevented swarming.

It might have prevented it in one instance, but it is not
the want of room which causes bees to swarm, especially
Carniolans ; location controls everything. It is prosperity
that makes bees swarm. I well remember several years
ago paying an enormous price for a few non-swarming
queens warranted never to swarm. But in my location
every one swarmed, though given as much room as our
friend gave. I learned later that they were reared in a dis-
trict of great scarcity, and had not enough prosperity to
swarm.

The advice given — invest $60 in catnip, keep 15 colonies
of bees, then give plenty of room and go a-fishing 5 days of

86

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

the week, would hardly work up here. The fishing on Yel-
low river is good, but the mosquitor,s here in the woods are
No. 12 size, and the way they attack a man, piercing right
through a thick coat and gloves, makes it impossible to fish ;
to me every bite is worse than a bee-sting.

Four hundred pounds surplus per colony, at IS cents —
6000 pounds $900, a la Dr. Gandy. Investigation proved
only a small garden patch of catnip was growing in his
vicinity, and no honey in sight. I think catnip and sweet
clover good honey-plants, and the planting should be en-
couraged, but none of us expects to get 400 pounds surplus
percolonj', with $60 worth of seed sown, and few will make
a living at bee-keeping and go a-fishing 5 days in the week.

PROLIFICNESS OF QUEENS.

Mr. W. J. Stahmann, page 776, speaking of prolificness
of queens says we cannot have prolific queens without a
large hive, and in his experience a queen reared and allowed
to lay eggs for a space of a week or more in a small hive,
or having a small amount of bees, will seldom make a pro-
lific queen, regardless of the stock she comes from. I have
been a queen-breeder quite extensively for 20 years, and
have all my queens mated in 2-frame nuclei, keeping them
there until I have orders for them or want to use them
myself, and I often keep them one or two months in such
nuclei with a small force of bees, without in any way affect-
ing their prolificness. When introduced to a mammoth
colony they are just as prolific and long-lived as though
mated in a big hive. In fact, I think all queen-breeders
confine young queens to small quarters for a longer period
than one week, without injuring them.

TROUBLE IN INTRODUCING A ODEEN.

On page 779 (1902) if Washington had placed his queen
in a Miller cage at once instead of waiting 48 hours, then
in 48 hours removed the plug, filling the entrance with a lit-
tle comb and honey, then close the hive, in two days she
would have been laying. Waiting 48 hours after removing
the old queen gives the bees time to start queen-cells, then
they will continue to rear them and become hostile to a new
queen. My plan is to run their own queen into the intro-
ducing cage, let her run around a few minutes, then de-
stroy her and run the new queen in the same cage, thereby
getting the scent of their own queen, then no trouble will
occur.

The question was once asked Josh Billings which was
best, a large or a small hive, and arguments of advocates
of each presented. He said both were right. The man
with a small hive was right, for he never had bees and
honey enough to fill his hive ; and the one with a large hive
was also right, for he couldn't get a hive large enough to
hold his bees and honey. Hence it is a matter of location.
This is the reason we all differ. Disposition of bees are
changed by location. Chippewa Co., Wis.

Chunk Honey— Various Apiarian Kinks.

BY J. M. YOUNG.

EVERY fall, after all the supers are taken from, the hives,
I overhaul all the unfinished sections, cut out what
honey there is in them, trim the unfilled cells all off,
and sell this as chunk honey. By putting it in a vessel of
some kind, it can be sold to the grocers very readily, and
can be put in common wooden dishes the same as butter is
sold to customers. IJy this means the bee-keeper can get
rid of everything in the comb-honey line that will not do to
sell otherwise.

PAINTING HIVES AND SUPERS.

I don't see how an up-to-date bee-keeper can get along
without having his hives painted. It certainly pays. The
advantage of having them look clean and nice is one big
item. I would paint the supers one color, and the hives an-
other ; the edge of the queen-excluders would be of a differ-
ent shade, as well as the edges of the honey-boards. I now
have hives in my apiary that have been painted 20 years
that look very well yet, although they have been painted a
time or two within this time. The advantages of having
them painted are many, and a hive should not be set out
even one season without being painted.

BXTR ACTING-COMBS PREFERRED TO SUPERS.

In the early part of the season I select all such colonies
as seem a little weak, or that are not likely to work in the
supers, and fit them up with extracting-combs for extract-

ing purposes ; by this means every colony in the yard can
be made to bring the bee-keeper in some revenue, that
otherwise would lie around idle. Of course, plenty of combs
should be given these weak colonies, and they should have
good queens to start with. Colonies that won't work in the
supers will store honey in the combs if given them. It will
be a surprise to see the amount these weak colonies will
store.

ROTTEN WOOD FOR SMOKER-FUEL.

I notice that some of the bee-keepers are talking up
smoker material. I have always used rotten wood for
smoke, and it is best and cheapest. Every spring I take
the team and go to the woods and select old rotten logs —
basswood if I can get it, and I usually do — and haul home
a wagon-bos of it, put it some place where it will dry
quickly, and when dry it will light instantly with a match
after being put in the smoker. It makes a good smoke, and
is cheap, and it can be obtained wherever there is timber.
I sometimes put it up in barrels, and put it away in some
out-building.

BEES UNDER SNOW.

Whenever the snow begins to melt then it is time to
shovel it away from the entrance or the front part of the
hives, but not until it does begin to melt. Disturb the bees
as little as possible, unless they begin to fly. The more
bees are disturbed when it is cold, the worse it is for them.
If there is snow on the hives, or in the corners, I would get
it away from them, for when it begins to melt it will run
into the hives more or less and wet the bees over the pack-
ing. Bees in the winter season must be kept dry if they
are wintered successfully. It will not hurt them to be in a
snow-drift — I don't advise their being covered clean up, but
it will not hurt them for a short time. Since we have been
in business my bees have been covered up several times by
snow-drifts, so that if I didn't know where they were I could
not find them. My experience has been that they won't
smother if they are covered clear up with snow, if the hive
is kept so that it will not leak. Cass Co., Nebr.

Convention Proceedings.

Report of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Convention,

Held at Barre, Ont., Canada, Dec. 16, 17

and 18, 1902.

REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIT.

ICootiatted from page 70.)
PERCENTAQE OF WATER IN HONEY.

Frank T. Shutt, M. G. F. I. C. Chemist, Dominion Ex-
perimental Farm at Ottawa, outlined some important
experiments which he has been conducting relative to the
percentage of water in honey under various conditions. His
first work was to lay the foundation for his experiments by
demonstrating that the method of determining the per-
centage of water in honey followed by other chemists who
have published reports, is unreliable, because to expose
honey for a length of time to a very high temperature
causes it to lose weight by decomposure of levulose, as well
as by evaporation. This he explained to the bee-keepers'
convention at Woodstock last year.

The method which he adopted and found satisfactory is
to expose the honey on sand or pumice for a length of time
at a comparatively low temperature, ()0 degrees C, and in a
partial vacuum. He then experimented with honey from
uncapped, partly capped, and capped comb, kept in glass-
stoppered and cheese-cloth-covered bottles, in a dry and in
a moist atmosphere. The results show that while honey in
an ordinary atmosphere lost slightly, that preserved in a
saturated atmosphere gained considerably in weight, due to
absorption of moisture. Where honey was exposed to a
saturated atmosphere the normal percentage of moisture —
about 15 percent — increased in one case to 31 percent, and
in another instance where the honey was exposed in a flat
dish, to 48 percent. Throughout the experiments honey
was found to ha.ve a great affinity tor moisture. That from
partly capped combs contains less water than that from un-

Feb. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

87

capped, but more than that from capped combs. The per-
centage also varies with the season. Honey containing-
more than the normal percentage of water, not only is thin
and unattractive, but readily ferments. These results and
the experience of our best bee-keepers show that honey
should not be extracted until all or at least partlycapped.
It should then be exposed as little as possible to the air. and
unless sealed perfectly should be kept in a dry place. If
these simple rules be followed it will keep indefinitely.

Prof. Shutt showed the result of his experiments in
three charts.

EXPERIMKXTS ON STORAGE OF HONEY — 1902.

Percentage of Water.

Honey as extracted from capped comb 1.5.88

, ( Ilonej' exposed to dryiatmosphere one month . . 14.24

( Honey exposed to moist atmosphere one month 31.46

jj ( Honey exposed lo dry atmosphere 20 days 13.84

( Hooey exposed to moist atmosphere 30 days 48.33

A — Honey in glass cylinder.
B — Honey in open flat dish.

WATER IN HONEY — 1901.

I'lIERK KEPT.

Honej -house.

Cellar

Hooey-house.
CeUar

( Iloney-house.

Part .' Cellar

capped 'i Hoaev-honse.
( Cellar . . .■

( Honey house.

Un- .1 Cellar

capped i Honey-house.
( Cellar

BOTTLE
CLOSED
WITH.

G.S.
CC.
GS.
CC.

G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC.

G.S.
CC
G.S.
CC

PERCENT-
AGE
OF WATER.

15,40
15.89
16.95
15.84

19.12
20.68
20.63
21.03

19.24
18.25
22.09

WATER IN HONEY — 1902.

i Laboratory . .

Capped-' Honey-house.

'^'^ I Laboratory . .

' Honey-house.

1 Laboratory . .

Part ' Honey-house.

capped 'i Laboratory . .

' Honey-house.

1 Laboratory . .
Ua- 1 Honey-house.

G.S.
CC.
■G.S.
CC.

G.S.
CC.
G.S.
CC

Aug. 7th Nov. 6th

16.58
15.33
15.31
15.90

16.33
17.56
16.18

Mr. Holtermann — These results are very important.
The}' should be placed in the hands of buyers to teach them
the proper care of honey.

Mr. Heise — When the weight of honey increases by the
absorption of moisture, does the bulk also increase ?

Mr. Darling — We know that it does by the way honey
in comb swells out against the capping when in a damp
place.

By motion of Messrs. Gemmill and Holmes, a vote of
thanks was tendered Prof. Shutt and Prof. Creelman, for
the instructive and inspiring manner in which they had
addressed this convention.

SUPPLYING MOISTURE IN A DRY CELLAR.

" Is it advisable to supply moisture in cellar-wintering
in the case of a very dry cellar ?"

Mr. Holtermann — There is more danger from a dry cel-
lar than from a moist one. A bee-cellar should have a wet-
and dry bulb thermometer to test thj matter.

Mr. Holtermann thought the air should be almost sat-
urated. He would like to see the matter thoroughly tested.
In the cellar where he is wintering his bees the fresh air
passes first through a small room where there is a stove to
warm it slightly if necessary. When he considers the cellar
too dry he sets two buckets of water in the room, with a
blanket extending from one to the other in such a manner
that it is kept soaked with water. This exposes a large
surface of moisture to the dry air, which takes up the water
and itself becomes moist.

Mr. Dickenson thought a damp cellar all right.

Mr. Sibbald prefers a dry cellar, but can make any cel-
lar dry if it.is large enough to partition off a room for the

bees. This seems to make the bees' compartment dryer.
Where possible, he has a hole in the ceiling for ventilation,
then piles straw and chaff, or sawdust, over it to keep the
air from escaping too rapidly.

Mr. Post experimented with the hygrometer in his cel-
lar last winter, and decided that 2 degrees between the wet
and dry bulb thermometer was about the right thing.

EXTRACTING-COMBS FROM A FOUL-BROODY COLONY.

"Is it safe to use again extractingcombs that have
been used over a colony slightly affected with foul brood,
said combs having been over a queen-excluder and have
never had brood in them ?"

Mr. McEvoy said it was perfectly safe for a skilled man
who understood all the conditions ; but he thought it better
always to err on the safe side.

RELIQUKFVING HONEY IN GLASS JARS.

"How liquefy honey which has granulated in glass
jars ?"

Have a large pan to reach clear across the stove with a
slatted frame to hold the bottles. Loosen the corks. As
soon as the honey is liquefied seal it up again while yet hot.

MOVING BEES ON SLEIGHS.

"Is there much risk in moving bees on sleighs in
winter?"

Mr. Holtermann told of buying bees in New York State
in the fall of 1901. They were hauled to the train on
sleighs, shipped to Brantford, and hauled on wagons to the
apiary. They stood ten days in the yard, but as the
weather remained cool they were put into the cellar without
a cleansing flight. Any one can imagine the condition
they were in ; in the abdomen of each bee was a globule of
watery feces — the first stages of dysentery. Mr. Holtermann
raised the cellar temperature to 72 degrees, Fahr., for two
weeks, until the bees, upon examination, were found to
have these globules literally dried out of them. He then
lowered the temperature to about 40 degrees, Fahr., and
kept it as near there as possible the rest of the winter. No
dystentery appeared, and the bees came out in good shape
in spring.

In the evening W. Z.Hutchinson's paper, on " Com-
mercial Organization," was read by the Secretary, after
which the members banqueted in the dining hall of the
Queen's Hotel.

THURSDAY MORNING.

The report of the committee on honey exchange was
read by W. A. Chrysler, as follows :

ONTARIO HONEY EXCHANGE.

This Association shall be called " The Ontario Honey
Exchange," and a commercial part of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and shall include in its jurisdiction
the Province of Ontario, with such additional territory as
from time to time may be found feasible to organize.

Its object is to establish a reliable and fair market
price for the product of its members, the more proper dis-
tribution of honey, and to establish, when advisable, foreign
and distant Canadian markets.

The main officers of the Exchange shall consist of five
Directors elected by the members of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association at each annual meeting, and to hold office
for one year, and shall direct all business of the Exchange.

As soon as elected they shall elect from their number
a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Busi-
ness Manager, who shall be known as officers of the Ontario
Honey Exchange.

They will choose a location and obtain by rental or
otherwise, a suitable office and warerooms in some central
city, that shall be known as headquarters.

They shall, where feasible, appoint one or more per-
sons to organize each district that is not already organized
into a District Bee-Keepers' Association, and should be
affiliated with the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association.

To all such affiliated societies instructions shall be
given from the main office for the collecting and forward-
ing of honey, beeswax, etc.

The local affiliated societies may elect from their num-
ber, called a local manager, who shall be made responsible
to the local association, and that to the main office for all
moneys and goods he may be entrusted with.

It shall be the duty of the local association to appoint
their secretary or local manager, to obtain statistics of
honey, bees, etc., in his district, when called upon by the
General Manager to do so, and shall include other informa-

88

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

tion, such as estimates of the amount of honey produced,
the amount that members will require to sell to consumers
and the retail trade on their own account, and the amount
likely to be placed in the Exchang-e. Also, if a shortag-e in
the district, the amount that could profitably be shipped in.

Members in unorganized districts in any part of Canada
shall also be requested from the head office to report on the
honey crop, and estimates similar to local associations. In
case some may not wish to join either the local association
or Honey Exchange, the local manager, or a member, may
offer them within a business margin of the selling price of
honey, and place it in the Exchange on his own account, or
as his own honey. (He will have the privilege of receiving-
an advance in money on his producing a warehouse receipt.)
They will not then sell to others for a less price.

Funds may be advanced to members by the Exchange
to the amount of three-fifths of the value of honey con-
signed, and charge the current bank interest.

The directors of headquarters of the Exchange, on ob-
taining crop reports from the local associations and others,
shall set the prices of the different grades of honey for a
certain period ; at the end of such time specified they may
lower, raise, or maintain same prices as the market will
warrant.

All honey sold by the Exchange shall be graded accord-
ing to rules adopted by the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.

Honey sold from the local managers' warerooms, and
also that of headquarters, must be graded by the member
supplying it, and re-examined and graded, if necessary, by
the Manager in each warehouse.

All honey received by the Exchange for sale must be
branded and sealed by the stamp of the Ontario Honey
Exchange, and backed by a good, strong guarantee.

The duties of the President, Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer, and Business Manager, shall be arranged by
the Provisional Directors, as circumstances will admit,
until the constitution and by-laws are thoroughly revised
and amended, ready for incorporation.

The remuneration of the five (commercial) directors
shall be determined by the directors of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and shall be taken from the dues and
profits of goods handled.

It should be the object of the Exchange to place the
honey as near as possible to the consumer, saving extra
transportation and commission for its members.

The funds for carrying on the Exchange will be ob-
tained by plans and in a manner advised by the directorate.

W. A. Chrysler.

Mr. Sibbald— This matter is most important. The
number of bees kept in this country is increasing rapidly.

Mr. McEvoy — The business is going into the hands of
specialists.

Mr. Sibbald — If we organized only for the sake of crop
reports, it would be worth while. In the case of failure in
one part, and over-production in another, the honey could
be equalized, and a uniform price and uniform consump-
tion could be maintained in the Province. We would also
prevent the over-crowding of central markets which is now
prevalent. We could soon learn how much honey is pro-
duced in the Province, how much consumed, and conse-
quently what would need to be exported.

If there were a registered trade mark we could know
just where our honey goes, and get at the source of adul-
teration. Then, in the matter of advertising, individually
we have not sufficient capital, but by systematic advertis-
ing by an Exchange the consumption of honey could be
doubled, and more.

An Exchange could afford to export the surplus honey
at a sacrifice in order to keep the home market brisk. It
would come alike to all. We do not wish to enhance the
price so as to make it prohibitive, we want only a fair and
uniform price. Organized reporting and systematic grading
would make the indifferent bee-man spruce up and produce
a better article.

It was resolved that the bee-men present meet at the
close of the convention to organize a honey exchange!

Moved by J. D. Evans, seconded by R. F. Holtermann,
this Association will co-operate with the directors of the
Industrial Exhibition, Toronto, in making the Dominion
Exhibition, to be held by them, a success, and that the
President and Secretary forward a petition to the Dominion
Government, asking financial aid to said exhibition.
Carried.

Mr. Fixter brought up the matter of exhibiting at St.
Eouis, urging that preparations be begun at once in order

that we mignt put up a creditable exhibit there. It was
decided that the matter be left in the hands of the executive.

On motion, it was decided that the executive committee
meet Mr. Creelman, Provincial Superintendent of Farmers'
Institutes, and make arrangements with him to help this
Association in advertising its meetings and getting out
programs.

A vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Fixter for bring-
ing up and urging the matter of a honey exhibit at St.
Louis.

On motion, the Board of Directors were allowed to
grant money for organizing a honey exchange.
(The End.)

I Our Bee-Heeping Sisters ^

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, 111.
Mrs. West and Bee-Keeping- in the South.

At the Denver convention one of the many bee-keeping-
sisters that I enjoyed meeting very much was Mrs. West,
of Texas. She is a brisk business woman, has very decided
views, and a unique manner of expressing them. It was a
pleasure to me to hear her talk. Those that met her at
Denver will, I feel sure, be glad to see the communication
from her in this number. If she would, I feel sure she
might give us a good many interesting and instructive
items about bee-keeping in the South.

Bottom Foundation Starters in Sections.

One of the things it may be worth while for us to talk
about a little is whether it is best to have a bottom starter
in the sections or not. Some one may say, " What do you
want a bottom starter for, any way ? A top starter is all
that is needed to make the bees build straight, isn't it ?"
Yes, they will get along very well with only a top starter
so far as building straight is concerned, but is that all that
is needed ? Don't you have any trouble with having your
honey break out of the section, especially if you ship it ?
Now, doesn't most of the trouble from breakage come from
the fact that the honey is not securely fastened to the bot-
tom of the sections, as it was at the top ?

If it is securely fastened to the section all around, built
solid full, isn't it pretty safe from breakage, with good
handling ? Then doesn't it look a good deal better ?

If it is securely fastened at the top and part way down
the sides, there is great danger from breakage, but if it is
securely fastened at the top and bottom, even if not fast-
ened at the sides at all, it is pretty safe. But if it is securely
fastened at the top and bottom, you need not worry about
the sides — they will be fastened all right.

Another thing : During a slow flow — and especially is
this true with a weak colony — the bees will sometimes draw
out only one side of the 'foundation, and fill it with honey,
and the weight will cause it to sag over to one side, and
it will be fastened to the separator. This will not hap-
pen with the two pieces, for the first thing the bees will do
will be to fasten together the two pieces, even if they do
not put any honey in.

A good size for the top piece is 3 '4 inches deep, and for
the bottom starter -s-inch deep. If the bottom starters are
made deeper they will fall over and make trouble, and the
bees will sometimes gnaw them down if they are much
shallower. That would leave a 's inch space between the
pieces, providing there was no waste in the foundation by
fastening it in ; but that waste increases the space to some-
thing more than 's of an inch.

This space between the pieces does away with any sag-
there might be by the stretching of the foundation, and the
result is a straight, well-filled, securely-fastened section of
comb honey.

Reading- in Winter— Other Comments.

I notice on page 25 one of the subscribers asks to have
discontinued her copy of the American Bee Journal until

Feb. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

89

spring-. Well, I don't want anythinjf like that. We have
the " A B C of Bee-Cultnre." " Cook's Manual," Doolittle's
" Scientific <_Jueen-Rearinjj," and other bee-books. Then I
take two other bee-papers besides the Bee Journal, and they
are all full of good instructions. I am afraid I'd miss some-
thing by letting the Bee Journal go by. I do not consider
myself so smart in intellect, but have sense enough to read
more than one book in the winter.

Well, don't you think the Baron quite a smart fellow to
inject long life into his queens ? And he signs his name
right. His story reminds me of other long-winded stories
about catnip and large yields of honey.

You will remember a beekeeper was telling us at the
Denver convention about a Texas honey-producer selling
adulterated honey, or trying to do so. Well, I wrote to the
one who reported it at Denver, and asked him to send me a
letter so I could send it to the Bee Journal, but no, he will
not do.it. He went all around with excuses, and so on, but
will not come out on the adulterated-honey question. I
want to be honest in all mj- dealings, and will be; so should
be the bee-keepers all over the land.

My bees went into winter quarters in good shape in
November.

I sowed horsemint, and it is up well ; in the spring I
will plant quite a lot of sunflowers, and they are something
the bees like so much.

Well, Miss Snyder struck the keynote when she said
bees did not like a dirty smell. Bless the little bees, how I
love them ! First, because they are so industrious ; and
then they are so clean. I have no use for a dirty, lazy per-
son, and never blame the bees for " doing business " with
such people. Mrs. C. R. Wbst.

Ellis Co., Tex., Jan. 14.

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

FEEDING BY WHOLESALE.

It's pretty lively business — 187 pounds per hour — for
bees to carry away feed in the open air. Divided among
the 97 colonies it is about 2 pounds per colony per hour.
Presumably some would get more, and some slow coaches
quite a bit less than that. Mr. Hall's simple arrangements
are worth remembering, in that they worked tolerably well.
Page 812.

SPREADING PEAR-BLIGHT.

Half inclined to say that Prof. Cook "gave us away "
badly, and reprehensibly, in admitting that bees spread
pear-blight on trees never in bloom, while their alibi was
entirely unbroken. We know very well they wouldn't
touch blight-juice in time of nectar-flow. Will they touch
it at all ? We demand that somebody should see them.
Surely, on rows of little nursery trees they would not be
hard to see. Page 813.

A RAPID STYLE OF INCKEASE.

Keeping the old colony mainly together, and taking out
one comb from time to time, thought to be the most rapid
style of increase. Looks reasonable. But in that style of
procedure watch out lest you chill or starve lots of unsealed
brood. Page 814.

COMBS COLORING HONEY.

Dr. Mason rather got the drop on the convention about
honey from black combs being normally white. Still, per-
haps we should discount his evidence a little. In actual use
I think bees polish the interior of a cell every time they use
it. Put honey into a comb yourself and there is a lack of
this polish. It's pretty plain that the rough, unpolished
surface would give out more coloring matter than the pol-
ished surface would. With all discounts made, however,
it's lawful to give the combs which are not black the pref-
erence. But it's not a pleasant question — the question.
Must I sacrifice most of my extracting-combs and get new
ones built ? Page 822.

CROWING ALFALFA IN THE EAST.

So the plains folk caught the alfalfa woodchuck be-
cause they had to catch him or starve. We see. Not being

driven to it our luck has been less. J. E. Johnson says " no
doubt" the right bug can be developed here in time without
using inhabited soil. Hardly so strong as that. Common
clover has animalcuhL- which serve a similar purpose to
itself. If these differ only very slightly from the ones un-
der consideration, probably he is right. If otherwise, such
accommodation to live on a new plant might take too long.
Especially, we must remember, the accommodation can not
begin till they begin to live on the alfalfa to some extent.
Might be driven to begin in a very dry soil in which noth-
ing else was growing — and perhaps this is one reason for
the better success in dry regions. Page 823.

CHAFF-HIVES IN COLORADO.

Old and worn but not settled. What a lot of other
things in apiculture are just so, too, Mr. Aikin I And your
experience is chaff-hives in Colorado winter bees hardly as
well as singles do. Pin for that I Page 823.

FILLING CASES WITH SECTIONS OF HONEY.

All aroud first, and last in the center — is Mr. Holdener's
way to fill section-cases that have paper trays in them.
Perchance Mr. Doolittle was thinking about cases that
have only two tiers, and in which every section touches the
tray somewhere. A tin guide is manifestly needed for
these. Page 828.

KEEPING BEES ON SHARES.

L. E. Kerr seems to hold the belt as the champion
bees-on-shares man. Has 200 colonies out thus, scattered
300 miles. Also keeping some on shares himself. Never
any trouble. We are surprised to see past report and repute
so traversed. Having an itemized bargain fully written
down seems to be the secret. Must be a quite reasonable
man in addition. Page 828.

ss,je,ja,Ms,js,jeM

CONDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. MILLER, JUareago, 111.

[The Qjestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv mall. — Editor. 1

Tartaric Acid to Prevent Honey-Granulation.

Will you please inform me by return mail, what kind
of acid is used in syrup to keep it from granulating? And
how much of the acid is used to a gallon of syrup ?

Tennessee.

Answer. — An even teaspoonful of tartaric acid for
every 30 pounds of sugar is stirred into the syrup about the
time the sugar is dissolved. The acid is first dissolved in a
little water.

Now it seems a tough thing that I am not allowed to
answer that by mail ; but then you can easily see that if I
answer your question by mail I must answer others, and
that would take a lot of time that I can't afford. You
wouldn't like it if I'd answer some one else by mail and
wouldn't answer your questions by mail, would you?
Neither would they like it for me to answer yours and not
theirs. So long as I can not answer all by mail don't you
think it the best plan for me to treat all alike, and answer
all in this department ?

Rapidity of a Honey-Extractor.

About how many revolutions in a minute should comb-
baskets in a honey-extractor go ? Minnesota.

Answer. — I don't know, and I don't think any one
knows, for there is no fixed number of revolutions so long
as there is a difference in extractors and combs to be ex-
tracted. An extractor in which the comb is a great distance
from the center of the shaft will not need to revolve so
rapidly as one with the comb nearer the shaft. A new and
tender comb will not stand so rapid turning as an old, tough
one. But you will soon learn by experience, for so long as
the comb stands it without injury you may feel safe that
you are not turning too fast.

90

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. S, 1903.

Getting Propolis Off Fence Separators— Keeping Pollen
Out of Sections.

1. Is there any other way of getting the propolis off of
fence separators besides the tiresome way of scraping?
Will boiling injure the glued joints ?

2. Is there any sure way of keeping pollen out of the
sections, where the swarm is hived on starters, in brood-
frames, on the old stand, with supers partly filled placed on
a new hive ? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. I don't know of any better way than to
scrape. Boiling in water would dissolve the glue, and
would not be a success in removing the propolis.

2. I don't believe there is, if you give the sections at
the time of hiving. Better wait two or three days after
hiving before you give the sections ; then the bees will have
such a start in the brood-chamber that they will not want
to carry pollen above.

Moving Bees in Winter-Cases.

Would you advise moving 30 colonies of bees, in winter-
cases, 6 miles on sleighs ? or would you wait until spring ?
If done now. what precautions are necessary ? Canada.

Answer. — If convenient, it would be as well to wait till
spring. If moved now, take pains to avoid having the
combs tip over sidewise, or swing from side to side, espec-
ially when the cold is very severe. When quite cold the
combs are brittle and easily broken.

Feeding Bees in Winter.

I have a few colonies that have not quite enough honey
to run them through the winter, sol would like to feed them,
but as I have never done any of it before, I would like to
know how to do it, at this time of year. What is the best
and cheapest feed for them ? Kansas.

Answer. — That's one of the things that you will find
fully answered in your bee-book, and it will be the best in-
vestment you can make to get a bee-book if you have none.
You will find from the book that if you have no combs of
honey the best thing will be to make cakes of candy an inch
or so thick. Just boil the sugar in a little water, being
very sure not to let it burn, pour it into greased pans, and
when cold lay a cake over the top-bars and cover up close.

Comb Honey for Home l3se-Propolisin.

1. I am running for comb honey. How would it work
to put super foundation in brood-frames and set the hive
over a strong colony, with a queen-excluder between the
hives, and use the honey thus stored for my own table ?
Would they store more honey by so doing ?

2. In the January number of Gleanings there is men-
tion made of a " propolisin " for sores. Can you tell me
how it is prepared ? Minnesota.

Answers.— 1. It will work well, and I think you will
get more honey. A good many Texas bee-keepers are quite
enthusiastic about bulk honej', producing comb honey in
the way you speak of, cutting it up and packing it in cans,
and then filling up with extracted honey.

2. I don't know how "propolisin" is prepared, as I
think the process has never been made public. It is quite
possible, however, that you could get the same benefit with
very little preparation. If the propolis is soft, it might be
spread on a cloth and applied where desired, and if hard it
might be powered and mixed with lard or melted tallow.

Keeping Queens— Transferring Bees.

1. When is a queen-cell ripe ?

2. Where should the queen-cells be kept until we can
use the queens ?

3. We have some queens which we wish to keep until
spring, when we will transfer some blacks out of old box-
hives. Where should we keep them ?

4. We have some queens that we have put in strong
colonies, that have not mated. There will be some warm
weather through the winter, that the bees will stir out, but
they have no drones. Will the queens lay through the win-

ter, or will they wait until next spring, when drones will be
reared ?

5. When would be a good time to commence transfer-
ring from box-hives, in this locality ? Alab.^ma.

Answers. — 1. The term " ripe " is applied to a queen-
cell when it is near the time for the young queen to emerge,
perhaps any time within two days, possibly within three, of
emergence. When a cell is sealed, you may know that at
the farthest it will be only about eight days till the young
queen emerges. Usually the sharp point of the cell will be
gnawed away something like two days before hatching,
leaving the cell quite rounding at the end. When a num-
ber of cells are shut in with an excluder in a strong colony,
as mentioned on page 761 (1902), the time being all right for
swarming, the bees will allow only one of them to emerge,
and you can open the hive and take out any cells that are
very ripe, these cells having the cap partly gnavped open by
the young queen within. Of course the free queen can also
betaken out, if you should happen to see her. The bees will
keep the young queens (all but one) imprisoned in the cells
a day or more after they are ripe enough so you can see the
slit where the cap is partly gnawed open.

2. You can keep the cells in a nucleus until one of them
hatches, when all the rest of the cells will be destroyed un-
less you remove or cage them. In other words, you can
keep only one queen in a nucleus.

3. You may succeed in keeping them in nuclei.

4. You should not expect your unmated queens to lay
through the winter, and their chances for mating next
spring are not good.

5. Transfer in time of fruit-bloom, or perhaps better
still, wait till the colony swarms, and then transfer three
weeks after swarming.

What Caused the Foul Brood ?

Ten or 12 years ago I lost a large part of my bees dur-
ing the winter, by bad honey ; they got the dysentery, and
the combs were in bad shape for swarms and nuclei. 1
could not get them cleaned by the bees so I bought 8 pounds
of foundation, and in the summer I tried to increase as fast
as I could. The first few nuclei I made had combs, and then
I made a few that had foundation, and after awhile I found
they had foul brood, but those on the full combs were
healthy. I burned all the nuclei that were sick, made new
ones, and gave them foundation ; only a few were on full
combs, but as soon as they had brood then they had foul-
brood again, but not in those that had full frames, but
every one that had a little foundation in. They were burned
and also the rest of the foundation, and a little later on one
hive more; all the other colonies kept free from the sick-
ness. Was it possible that the germs of the disease were in
the foundation ? Or were the nuclei affected in some other
way ? Minnesota.

Answer. — According to what you tell about the matter,
it looks very much as if the foundation was to blame, and
yet it has been generally understood as a fully settled thing
that even if foundation were made from diseased combs
there would be no danger. In spite of appearances, I am of
the opinion that the fonndation was not to blame.

Removing Honey from Bait-Sections.

I sent a sample of some comb honey which my bees
gathered in September. Please examine it and tell me
what it is gathered from ?

From the first it never seemed to be a liquid, but more
like molasses sugar ; later it became quite hard and white.
Do you think the bees will carry it out in the spring ?

I have quite a number of bait-sections with it in. I set
the sections out for the bees to clean out last fall, but they
left that in. New York.

Answer. — I don't know from what the honey was gath-
ered, but it is certainly very solid, and withal quite tough.
I am very much afraid you can not get it emptied out of the
sections so as to make them proper for bait-sections. By
spraying them with water as often as the bees lick them
dry, you may get them emptied out, but some of the gran-
ules might remain, and that is generally considered objec-
tionable. Perhaps the best thing will be to melt them up,
heating them carefully and slowly so as not to injure the
flavor of the^honey, then taking off the cake of wax when
cooieu _- ■ I^ ^

Feb. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

91

Rumely Engines

efort

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: catalogue de-

M. RUMELY CO., La Porte, Indiana.

Please mention Bee Journal when ■writinp

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honev; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; 'the Hee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this' the paper also tells vou all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

A1mif*n;i1 *^^^ '^ ^^^^ ^ quarter of a
OUUI lltll century old and Is still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Joupnal.

50 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

and easy to make
if you work for us. We will start you in
jsiaess and funush the capital. Work
hTht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
lie of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
Please mention Bee Journal ■wheii ■writins:.

1 Dolt Quick! t

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Sample Free

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, $50c;

TheAmerican Poultry
Journal, 50c;

ture, $1.00;
All for Jl.OO

V'lea^ie -xention Bee Journal "when ■writing.

BARNES' FOOT POWER fflACHIRERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined IMachiues, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and

erreat deal of other work.

Thii

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the amount of bee-hi'
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
11." Catalog and price-list free.
W. V. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

^ WHat Yon yonson Ttiinks ^

Vel, my goodness, ay don't kin understand
vy for dom hav such plenty awful big rumpus
bout ila yeneral manager muddle. Ay tank
if dom don't stop deirs quvarning, au play
fair, dom goan to all fall in da puddle. Den
ay lak to know wbo goan to hole da lines an
keep das N. B. K. A. ban' yagon in da middle
of da road.

My goodeness, Peter Peterson, he yust bean
purdneer to yoin himself into das N. B. K. A.,
Ijut now he say it dom goan to hav big fiteing
den he tank dom hav to excuse Peter. For
long time ago ay read sermon in Gleanings on
Mr. A. I. Gleanings, he say dat Satan yust
lurned a new trick. My goodness, ay tank he
bean springing soni new trick on da oilicers
of da N. B. K. A. yen dom big bee-mans vot
love each odder i)lenty much for long time,
an for menny years dom bean pat each odder
on da liack an say, " He (Mr. Abbott) iss a
awful smart feller, an he iss plenty honest
and good tempernce man, an he iss yust da
feller tor yeneral manager ;" an den all dom
big bee-mans, vat dom call directors, dom vote
for him and he vas elected, and every ting
seems to be going so nice som a little red
vagon, but dom forgot to greas dat yagon vid
da oil of human kindness, and it seems dom
all vont to ride in da frunt seat. But da
vagon begins to run awful hea%'y, an mak
awful big nois an racket, an ay tank if don
all goan to ride in da frunt seat dom better
greas da frunt veels any vay, and it is nutting
better dan da oil of human kindness.

My goodness, ay like all dom big bee-mans,
an' ay believe dom all iss good au honest, but
Satan is trying to slip into deirs hearts so dom
can't love each odder an overlook each odder's
faults. My goodness, ve all have faults, an
it ve don't overlook each other's faults, den
da Lord don't goan to forgive our faults, an
he say ye haH to go to da left hand' side vid
all da goats ; an den da bad man goan to ride
us on da goat, and it goan to go awful hard
vid U6, an ve be awful sorry.

My goodness, vy for can't we love each
odder, and tak each odder by da hand, an all
vork togedder i Dom directors acknoledge
dom mak da mistake vot cause das rumpus.
Now, vy for shall other people suffer for da
mistake of da directors > Did not our Savior
suffer for us all i An' don't he say if ve
hate ours brother ve shal never enter da king-
dom of heaven * If ve love ours brodder let
us show it in ours akshuns, an' da N. B. K. A.
shal grow an flurish as da green bay-tree.

Now let us all stop fiteing each odder, an
file Satan, an da slop hunny mans, and da
foul brood, an so on. Dere is plenty to do, so
let us not stay home an quvarl lak chilren,
but let us go out in da tield an york, an not
monkey roun' till it bean purdnear sundown.
An' if anybody vot feel lak dom von't to flte,
let dom lite sin au Satan. Ay tank ve all can
find him purty close to home.

Ay tank now ve come to big hill, an it is
time for Yon Vonson to push, and it dom
officers vil yust tak off da break an dom bee-
mans vil ali help, ve vill soon be goan hally
hooping agin. Tak new start, hav lection
over, an have it fair, an all dom fellers vat
mak bee-papers, don't tell usforty-leven times

GOLD

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The wonderful new Cold and

Sliver Floweris the best tlural

novelty fur 1903. Never before

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; per packet, but if you

Iresses of three persons

FREE

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen vrntins

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we c&n
f nralsh Seed of several of the Clovers by f relgrht
or express, at the followiag prices, cash with
the order:

sm 101k 25n som

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 11.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

Alslke Clover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILI.

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. K?ep them
laying. For hatehinf? and hrood-
iD(? use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS >-

Ito A. Banta, Llffonler, Indians

V4Ut Please mention the' Bee Journal.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready tor prompt shipment. Send for
catalog — it's tree.
3A13t R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.

It Isn't The Name

"PAGE" that made the fence tumous; us the
qualitv whicli tlip name stands fnr.
PAGE WOVEN HIKE FEME CO., ADUHN, MICH.
flease mention Bee Journal Awnen Tvriting.

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders— all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaN.-iPOLis, Ind.

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EVERGREENS

Hardy sorts, Nursery grown, for wind-
breaks, ornament and hfdpes. Prepaid. $t
»o$IOper HIO-.W Great Bargains to select
from. Write at once for free Catalogue
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Counting Chicks Before Hatching

IOWA

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and by good workmen. The IOWA
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IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 198.DES MOINES, IOWA

> uiauLion tJee Journal ■

92

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.

BEE3-ICE:BFER,S' SXJFFIjIBS

:ived a copy auaually, send us your name

1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have ■

and address, and one will be mailed tou FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS.— On all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
count oi Z percent.

To parties sending- us an order for Supplies amounting to $10 00 or more, at regular prices,
-we will make the following low rates on Journals: Gleanings in Bee Culture (serai-moilthly) SOc;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c. List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal -wtien -writmR

'^^-IVay ^^^^

Every Day

1905,

One

the

the Union
Way Colo-
following X

From February
15 to April 50,
Pacific will sell
nist Tickets aLt
. rates: : : : ; ;

FROM MISSOURI RIVER

$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.
$22.50 to Spokane and Wanatchee, Wash.
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New Whatcom,

via Huntington and Spokane.
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma and Seattle.
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene, Albany

and Salem, via Portland.
$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Ageles and many

other California points.

E. L. LOnAX,G.p.&T.A.

Omaha, Nebr.

Please mention Bee Jotxrnal -when writinp

Headquarters F»" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal ■wHen wrlttn^

Marshlleld MamiCactnring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASS WOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal when -writina

who you goan to vote for, an who you tank is
ila best man, butyoust vote yours little ticket,
an ve vill du da same, an du talking after
'lection.

Now, it is youst as easy to du right as to du
rong, itve can youst tank so, an if ve is hon-
est an du vot is fair, dan ve feel happy an
good, youst lak ve vas in bed ; bul it ve try to
skeem an vork, or say tings to ours brodder's
ruin, den ve do somtings vat ve kan't undo,
and our conshuns vil yust keep grinding avay
so ve kan't sleep, an ve sure hafi to answer
for it some time.

Yours for fair, squair lekshun ; every man
vote hies own liket, an everybody be satisfied
vid results. Yon Y'onson.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Results of the Season of 1902.

I had 18 colonies come out in good shape
last spring, and increased to 22. I had to feed
all through .June, when they ought to have
been rustling in white clover. I got no honey
uulil August 15, then there was a good flow
from buckwheat, goldenrod, white asters, and
numerousot.her fall flowers, from which we
secured S).50 pounds of honey in the 4x5xl\
plain sections, which sells at 12 and 14 cents
per pound in the market. J. R. Kamerer.

Van Buren Co., Mich., .Jan. 12.

Rearing Long-Lived Queens.

It was with great pleasure I read Mr. C. P.
Dadants' article on " Rearing Long-Lived
(,!ueens,'' on page StIT (1902).

Mr. Dadant always hits from the shoulder,
and yet so tempered with courtesy is the blow
that it leaves no bruise. I read his articles
with the deepest interest, feeling assured that
whatever he advances has been fully tried and
tested. This I also feel of the writings of
Mr. Doolittle and Dr. Miller, and, now with
this trio opposed to Dr. Gallup's charge of
universally poor queens, I think that gentle-
man would display wisdom and discrttion bj'
retiring from the field.

I am not sure that Mr. Doolittle admits this
attachment of the nymph to the cell is an
" umbilical cord," certainly it has never so
appeared to me. I have always looked upon
it as a support to young royalty, made neces-
sary by the inclination of the cell, and, if I am
right, it will not be found in case of the
worker, as the position of the cell does not re-
i|uire it, I have seen this attachment in the
chrysalis of other insects, and while it may
answer as a means of conveying nourishment,
corresponding to the umbilical cord in ani-
mals, I am yet to be convinced of it.

Mr. Dadant's article can be profitably read
by all interested in queen-rearing, and particu-
larly by those who, in search for something
new, are inclined to turn aside and " Gallup "
up any " Alley " that presents itself.

C. S. Harris.

Volusia Co., Fla., Dec. 2.=).

Results of the Past Season.

On the last day of May, 1902, I bought 21)
colonies of bees. They were in pretty fair
shape, except one very weak colony which I
built up by giving combs of brood from other
colonies.

As it was so cold during .June and-July
they did not make a big record, but increased
only to 42, and stored 120U pounds of comb
and extracted honey.

I dispose of my honey in the home market.
The extracted I put in l-cjuart Mason jars,
and sold at 3."> cents per jar. The comb honey
I sold at 12'. _, to 1.") cents per section, for the
fair to good grades.

Most of the bees in this part of the country
are wintered in cellars, although I think they
can Ije wintered as successfully outdoors, and
I think I shall try it that way next ;wintcr.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

93

The wiateriufT pi'oblem is one thing the bee-
keepers in the Salt River Valley, Arizona,
where I used to live, do not have to contend
with.

While clover here this j'ear was still bloom-
ing on Oct. 25, and the bees were working on
it.

In answer to the question of F. Durant,
pas;i:e SI'J. concerning ginseng, if the ground
is -properly prepared, and other things favor-
able, it will he marketable in from 7 to Id
years after planting for the seed to germinate.

1 think the American Beclournal is a good
paper, and wish it every success.

Benzie Co., Mich., Jan. .5. B. L. Bter.

Depend on White Clover.

The "Old Heliable " is all right, and I do
not want to keep bees without it. The winter
of litOl-02 was bad on the bees, about -'s of
them dying in this neighborhood. We had 24
colonies and they all died but 7. These " colo-
nies increased to 12 and stored 350 pounds of
comb honey.

We have to depend on clover mostly ; we
have plenty of fruit-bloom, but we have noth-
ing to count on except white clover. We
have a very large paper-mill here and they
take all linden, popular, maple, and all kinds
of white wood, so there is not much encour-
agement tor bee-keeping here. But we will
have to do as the old lady said, " Grin and
bear it.'" S. H. Stauffer.

Blair Co., Penna., Jan. 9.

California and the Government
Report.

California should be heard from, at least
since Texas got so far ahead in that report,
and Nebraska has all but taken California's
laurels.

That report of 1S99 was made in a very
short year for California. Southern Califor-
nia produced about T4 cars of honey. Where

' Our Split
Hickory
Hummeri

-TOP BUCCY

: l.'ithn finest rliii

1 ever paw In ynur life pnld
SVe pr(^vu this Btatem'-nt
anvwhere direct from niir
factory (in 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL and
let ynu lip the judtre. Drop us a postal for
FREK catalnnne of complptB line c£ Split
Hickory vt-htclpa and harness.

OHIO t'AKKIAGE MFO. CO.
Station e, ( Inclnna

Please mention Bee Journal when -writlns;

I 2. 80 For

200 Egg

INCUBATOR .

Perfect in construction and
avlion. Hatcties every fertile
eKg. Write for catalog to-day. b^

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, 111.

46A26t Please iHention the Bee Journal.

of s L.-Hoft" ^.. ^^,

$3 00 each. Also complete outfit for 200 colo
Hies, at a bargain. No failures in 'i years, (lood
home market. T. H WAALE,

Sak.v, Cl.^kkk Co., W.isii.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when writinn.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

1 Boys, Girls, oldand viuiiiralikw,
' make money wurkinx for uh.
We fnrniBh capital to start yna in haai-
utBo. Send OB 10c flUnips or iUver for full instructiona and a line ot

»mple8ioworkwith. bRAPER PUBLISHING CO.,ChJcago,lll.

Please xneutioii Bee Journal when writing.

FOR THE BEST

IfllVKS. SnOURRS, EXTRACTORS, FOlJMI>AXIOl%

AND ALL

UEE-KEEPKRS' SUPPLIES,

Mo

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a jirocess that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Workinjs: Max into Foiintlalion for Casli a. Specialty. Uees^vax
alwayiii >vaiit<*d at Iiigliest price.

Catalog givi^^' FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

Grand New Book

1903. "How to Make Money
iWilh Poultry and Incubators."

'■ 3 8x11 inches. 1'16 pages. Con-
,s amoni; itsmanv oliier invalu-
; thinns for I'l.ullrymen thefol-
ing Special CKapters: I. Start-
With an Incubator; II. Hand-
ling Chicl<s in an Incubator; III.
FeedinetheChiclis: IV. DuckPro-
ducins on a Laree Scale; V. Broiler Raising; VI.
Profitable Egg Farming; VII. The Egg and Poultry
Combination; VIII. Egg and Fruit Farming; IX.
Scratching Shed House Plans; X. Incubator and
Brooder House Plans; XI. Feeding for Eggs, and

Xll. standard Bred Poultry. We usually request lu cents to
pay forthe mailing of this book, but lor the next SO tiaya

vlll I

get." Addr<

toHici

CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.

Enirolo, ». I. thicogo, 111. Uobton, Man.. S.ir York, N.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

We are tlie Largest Manufactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest ^

Send for catalog.

Minneapolis, Minn. r

We liave tHe Best boois, Lowest Prices, anil Best SWppino; Facilities, p

Flease mention Bee Journal -wnen ■writing'

Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-

alog? 60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDE15 IN THE APIARY. BEST (roods
at the LOWEST prices. Alternating- hives and Fersrusoo supers. Sent FREE; write for it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa '•!;. price-list free.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.

Agencies: Trester Supply Co., I<incoln, Neb.; Shugart^&Ouran' Council Bluff Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind. '2E26t

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

94

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

Mb Keystone
...Honey-Jars

These are clear flint glass jars hold-
ing just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone. They are 7,'s inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax or paraffin. We can fur-
nish them iu single gross lots, with
corks, f.o.b. Chicago, at $3.50 ; two
gross, $3.25 per gross ; or five or more
gross, at $3.00 a gross. These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about. We have only a few
gross of them left. So speak quick
if you want them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

i MoyntUnionGolleoe I

^ Open to both sexes from the begin- V

\ n'lng. Founded in 1846. Highest grade J^

71 scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 JP

^ instructors. Alumni and students occu- l*

% pjing- hig-best positions in Church and ^

^ State. Expenses lower than other col- V

*^ leges of equal grade. Any young person k

\ with tact and energy can have an educa- ^

TL tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

*^ for catalog. k

J MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

71 Alliance, Ohio. jp

m MONEY IN POULTRY

For the Next 30 Days Only,

we will mail our flnevttluiible Poultry

l£ FKEE. Tell3 you all about poultry.

lake bip money with poultry ani

mtains colored plate of fowls in

JOHN BAUSCHER, JR., Box 94, FREEPORT, ILL.

The Wliite Mfg. Co.

wants to sell you your Supplies. Send for
their Catalog and Price-List of BEE-KEEP-
ERS' SUPPLIES, free. Best goods for best
prices. Address,

THE WHITE MFG. CO.

3A4t BLOSSO.M, Lamar Co., TEX.

Please mention Bee Journal "when writme

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet those w no workforus. Cow kee|)er8aUayB
have moDe;. We start you in buslDcss. You m»ke
laree profits. Eaay work. We furnish capital, bend
10 C4*nU for fnll line of BSm pies and paitK^ulats.

DRAPER PUBLISHING C0.» Chicago. Ills.

Honey For Sale.

20110 lbs. Basswood Extracted honev, at 'ic a
pouad. All in bO-lb. cans. Warranted PURE

HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.

SAtt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please tuentiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Muth's Special the Best

Regulation dovetail with ys Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

tW See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Front & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

paid

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade.

Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St

'^ This is a good time

vh> yiy to send in your Bees-

•♦* W wax. We are paying

•^ 28 cents a pound —

CASH— for best yel-

Impure wax not taken at any price.

Chicago, ill.

would Texas be in a year like 189", witli
Southern California's crop of 500 cars, valued
at .«(JOO,000 >

I notice also that the proportion of the
Texas product is only .50 percent on the in-
vestment, while California, even in a short
year (ISfltt), yields nearly lUO percent, and
Colorado 90 percent on investment.

That California report was from 6,000 farms,
while Texas reported 00,000. I append the
Government figures:

Value of bees in 1899 Value of pro- Percent
duct in 1899

California 1336,885 ?331,939 100

Colorado.. .. 195,096 1-1,710 90

Texas 849,483 488,527 50

B. S. K. Bennett.
Los Angeles Co., Calif.

[The above was sent to Mr. Working, for
the Denver convention, but was mislaid and
not found in time, so is given now. — Editor.]

Growing Alfalfa— Honey-Boards.

I would say to the readers of the American
Bee Journal that they are wasting their time
trying to raise alfalfa on ground that lifts
with the freezing iu the winter. Alfalfa will
not grow where freezing pulls the fence-posts
out of the ground. Where alfalfa does best
the ground cracks open with the winter
freezing, showing that it contracts. Alfalfa
has very long roots, and although it will
come up and grow well almost anywhere the
first winter, it the ground is moist enough to
raise the plant with the freezing; and this
will be the case whether there are any tuber-
cles on the roots or not.

Don't bother about the tubercles; if you
have the land to grow it on, the tubercles will
come.

I see no reports of better results than I had
with a few bees last year. From 2 colonies,
spring count, I increased to 7, and took oil
545 finished sections of comb honey. From
one 12th-of-June swarm, I took 201 finished
sections.

If you use a honey-board it saves a lot of
daubed sections to turn the side with the
strips on up, and hold it a bee-space above the
sections by driving four small nails through
it, and let nails stick out a bee-space from the
smooth side.

Heat escapes from the top; if bees have a
good blanket of some absorbent, nonconduc-
ing substance on top, it seems to me it is use-
less to try to tuck them in at the side. A
tank of water well protected on top will not
freeze. Griffen Culbertson.

Phillips Co., Kans.

A Queen-Intpodueing Experience.

1 think it will be hard on bees around here
this year. It is so long since they had a flight,
some time about Nov. 20.

I had quite an experience with a queen I
got last summer. I had a colony that lost
their queen and were so for two or more
weeks. I was away at the time and judged
the lime to be about that long. Well, I gave
them 4 frames of brood fit to rear a queen, but
they did not, so I sent for a queen, and re-
ceived her all right. I changed cages, that is,
I put the queen in a new cage, and introduced
her in the evening, between the combs. Now,
all the brood in the hive was about 10 days
old, and no queen-cells in the hive. I looked
at her the next morning, and found that she
was out of the cage, and running about the
combs as unconcerned as you please. I in-

For this complete set of 15 black
Bmithtools. A wonderful t^T[r'^lI^

ouRCjmoGi':,,^'.

black,ii;lil,-. \V Btll 11 M I

Send for Our Catalogue ll,\l

r ttiiH 1 Itiall 'leil llsr
pere Dual proof

please meution Bee journal when 'wrltlzis.

:^.

Feb. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

95

tended to leave her locked up until the bees
would eat the candy and let her out by them-
selves, but in lixing the cape between the
combs I guess they became pried open and
she got out. Well, they didn't seem to mind
her any, and I thought she was all right, and
left them alone. About 10 days after, I looked
at them and to uiy great surprise found M
queen-cells and no queen. The cells were
worker-cells, and so small that you would not
think a worker could be reared in it. Sixteen
days after introducing the (|ueen, I looked
again and fouud one (|ueen out, and the others
just coming out. I killed those •.' and left the
one that was out lirst. I gave them some
more brood, and some time afterward she
started to lay, and kept right at it until cold
weather started.

So you see, they were simple enough to kill
one, they were wise enough to rear three.

Dubuque Co., Iowa. James Kane.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

Please mention the Bee Journal

WEEKS before

your neighbors. Leaflet telling how, and 3

packets earliest tomato s<-ed. for 25c in stamps.

J. F. MICHAEL,

2Etf R. 6, WINCHESTER, IND.

Please mention Bee journal when -wntinji.

SPLIT HICKORY vs.
SAWED.— A vehicle is
only as strong as its
weakest part. A wheel
with hub spokes and
felloes made from the
strongest wood, if the
wood is sawed across
the grain, has little
strength. The "Split
Hickorv" line of vehicles, as their name indi-
cates, is constructed of split hickory — not
sawed — and is of greatest strength and endur-
ance and uni- ^
formly strong
in all its parts.
To obtain
these splendid,
strong and sty-
lish vehicles,
send to Station
6, the Ohio
Carriage Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, O., for complete
illustrated catalog. Their prices are low, qual-
ity high, and their 30 days' free trial offer is
genuine and bona fide. Please mention the
American Bee Journal when writing them.

T^OpE GROWN ^e».^,IIS^SZe^F
■ »■ rorr ourbook

TITUS NURSERYnemahaneb

Please mention Bee Journal when wiitinfe.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
!)evii-e is a fine thing for use in
ciitiliing and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25cent6; or will send it FKPjK as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Mor a year at Sl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

TheSure Hatch's Latest

-Vti antomatic, direct acting
rivruiulur that surpasses any
iidi.T imprfiVHTncnt ever made

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO ,
Clay Center, Neb,, or Columbus, Ohio.
Please menuon Bee Journal "wHen wi*ltU)5.

"Millions

cover of a v
advertiser,

forestry is
here. He g
velops the
who deal v
as need ari:
tion the Ac

>ot Trees" is the title oa the front
ery attractive catalogr issued by our
D. Hill, the veteran {^rrower of ever-
Dundee. 111. Mr. Hill has been "at
re than 40 years, and is known not
rer this land, but in many foreig^n
He is a native of old Eng'land where
more intellifjently understood than
rrows all his stock from seed and de-
m into thrifty, hardy trees. Those
rith him once do so again and again
ses. Write for his catalog and men-
nerican Hee Journal when you do.

$

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We ivill prinent you with the first t!< .vou
take in to start you in a good paying liusi-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples

Please mention Bee Journal -when wrltins

Tip=Top Glass Honey- Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made of the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
makes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rubber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically air-tight,
thuspermittingDO leak,

which is an Important thing with honey-

eellers.
We can furnish these jars, f.o.b. Chicago,

at these prices ; One gross, $5.00 ; two gross,

?4.7" a gross; five or more gross $4.50 per

grob
If . "U try them once you will likely use no

other lind of top or sealing arrangement for

honey ars.

^ JEORGE W. YORK & CO.

M4 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILfc

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please lueuuou oeo journal wucu writica.

Prevent Honey Candying

HENRy'aLLEY, Wenham, Mass.

51Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

INGHAM'S PATENT

-—-^Smokers

25Atf T. F. BINQHaM. Farwell, Mich

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writine.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it if yoii work
fnr us. UniU* Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partk^
ulars. Wo furniBh capital to start you in

business. Draper Publishing Co.,Cbicago,lll.

Please mention Bee Journal j
when writing advertisers.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, Jan. 9. —The demand is not more
than usual; hence stocks are sufficient, espe-
cially as Cuba has now comb houey on this
market. This is a new source of supply, and is
a factor that must be reckoned with, as it obvi-
ates the necessity of laying in a stock during
the summer and autumn to draw from in the
winter and spring months. The best grades of
white comb sell at lS(n)16c per pound, with
travel-stained and light amber, 13@14c; darker
grades, 10(3112. Extracted, Tiaxc for white, and
o@7c tor ambers. Beeswa.t steady at 30c.

R. A. BnRNBTT & Co.

Albany, N. T., Jan. 7.— Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb, IS cents;
nii.ved, 14c; buckwheat, 13(ai4c. E.xtracted,
white, 7(«7>^c; dark and buckwheat, ~(g)~i4c.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
here. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Market steady at quo-
tations. We quote fancy white comb, per case,
24 sections, $3.50; No. 1 at $3.40; No. 2 white
and amber, $3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
7@7J^c; amber, 6@6)ic. Beeswax, 27@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S}i(a'0;^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, SgOljc. Pancv white comb
honey, 16(ai7c; lower grades hard' to sell at any
price. Beeswax Arm at 2')(a30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

N KW York, Jan. 23.— Demand for comb honey
quiet on all grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency. Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand, if not more so. We quote fancy white
at 15c; No. 1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(n 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from lUi>i2c.

Extracted also quiet with abundant supplies
with the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at i.'iic. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (,0(a'OSc per gallon.

Beeswax firm at from 2''(S>30c.

HiLDRBTH & SbGBLKBR,

Cincinnati, Jan. 20.— The demand for comb
honey has fallen off, which in general happens
right after the holidays, although prices rule
as before: White clover, 15J4c; extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand for lower grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows: Amber, in barrels, SX(g>55^c; in cans,
6c; alfalfa, 7J^c; white clover, lUmUc. Bees-
wax, ZH@30c. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey.
llM@12*^c; light amber, l(i@lic; dark, 5@6>«c.
Extracted, white, 6@6".^c; light amber, SgS^c;
amber, VmA^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26®2TAc; strictly fancy I'ght, 29(a30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l')02 in the State at IS cars," worth 5'4@bc per
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

TRACTED UONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote vou prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send fo'r Catalog-.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this "Emerson" no further binding is neces-
Bary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

96

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1903.

iSQQQSSSSQQSQQQSSSSi •ii)i^ii^ie.^s,^a,.ii^ia^is^vi,je^is,je^ie^^

BEE=KEEPERS,

Save Money by Buying

Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, *nd everything

^^^^^^^^^^^ ELSE you NEED, OF

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

*S" Our proods are guaranteed of supe-
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Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of

THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
S a monthly for all bee-keepers; SOcayear.

5 (Now in I2th year. H. E. Hli-i,, Editor.)
W %W W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottingham
8 N- H., carries a full line of our goods at

6 catalog prices. Older of him and save

Ple?';e mention Bee Journal when -OTTiting

THE BEST

White Alfalla Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sainple by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at 8'jC
a pound ; 2 boxes or more (4 or more
cans), at 8c a pound. We can furnish
Basswood Honey at Nc a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 14« E. Erie street, - CHICAGO, ILL,.

Please menlion Bee Journal -when wi itine.

r'alifrkfni«i t U yon care to know of iti
^aillUrnid. l Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla'8 Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - SiN Francisco. Cal.
ilease mentioii Bee Journal -when wntina.

i^fr Dadanf s Foundation f^^

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^ur^tT RRMN^EMo'lAamNoT'''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Yl/Hv Hrkf^e 1+ Cfll cr» w/fllV Because it has always given better satis-
Wny UUC& 1L sen &U WCll r faction than any other. Because in is years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material,
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS »<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

jf Langstroth on the Honey-BeG — Re\/isecl,

J, The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

•fWt. '^'*sr'!l''9t'^''Pr'9l''9r^-'St^Si-'9r'9i-*sr^-'9l'*S^'^^

If you will take

the pains to observe carefully the con-
ditions of the honey market from time
to time, you will not fail to appreciate
the fact that there is a good demand
for the fancy grades of honey at all
times and at good prices, while the sup-
ply of the medium and poorer grades
may be about equal to the demand.

In Poor Seasons

then, you should produce the very best grade possible, because it

brings a better price compared with the cost of production, and
consequently a greater percent of profit, and

In Good Seasons

when there is a large crop, and a correspondingly lower price, it
finds a ready sale, while other grades are slow in moving and
are perhaps not sold until the best grade is all disposed of.

Why not then buy

hives and other supplies which are sure to increase the amount
produced, raise the grade of honey obtained, and multiply the
chances of securing the highest price because of the use of the
very best goods obtainable ?

'*The Best is the Cheapest

>>

not only holds good in other lines,
where the best grade is first sought
after at the highest ruling price, but
is also true in the selling of honey.

Root's Goods

secured the highest Award at the Pan-
American Exposition, and Gold Medal
at Paris Exposition.

' TtiEfl.l.ROOTGO..M6(lina.01]io

H«" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^'^K^^Xt'CT

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS* SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send
to them for their free Catalog-.

General Manager's Annnal Report. A National l^oney Exchange.

HON. EUGENE SBCOR.

PROF. -V J. COOK.

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ELL,. FEB. 12, 1903.

No. 7,

98

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR.

DEPT. EDITORS,

DR.C.C.MILLER, E.E.Hastv, Ems

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SI. 00 a year, in tiie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, f>0 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Ijabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the naonth to which
your subscription Is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

CBIvL-CUPS AND FINISHED CKI^LS.

C.4.GHS OF QUKEN HXCI,UDING METAL.

Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder

An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Titnes.

One of the greatest objections urged against
a lamp-nursery, or any kind of a nursery
where bees are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are robbed
of the actual care of the bees. When the
bees have access to a cell, and the time ap-
proaches for the queen to emerge, the wax
over the point is pared, and, as the queen
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts to leave the cell. A queen hatched
away from the bees loses all of this food,
cheer, and comradeship; and, until intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would secure were she
among the bees.

All of these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills. Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell to a No. 13 gun-wad. By the use
of melted wax these wads, with the cell at-
tached, are stuck, at proper intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width of a Langstroth brood-frame. Two

(Patent Applied for.)

wire staples driven into the inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.

The process of transferring larv:p to the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all l>een
described in the books and journals, and need
not be repeated here. When the cells are
sealed they may be picked off the bar (still
attached to the gun-wads) ; and right here is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in. Each cell, as it is removed, is
slipped into a little cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding zinc, the cage being about
two inches long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad tits snugly, thus holding the cell
m place and stopping up the end of the cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad. Long rows of these cages, tilled
with sealed cells, are placed between two
wooden strips that tit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire staples that lit into slots out in the ends
of the strips. To hold the cages in their
places, holes, a trlHe larger than the diameter
of the cage, are bored, at proper intervals,
through the upper strip, thus allowing the

cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way through the lower
bar.

A frame full of these cages, stoclted with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no attentiou whatever except to
remove the queens as they are needed. The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the cells, care for them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.

These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen In
a cage to which they can enter, yet thi'y can
surround, caress, and feed her. They can be-
come acquainted with her, and give her the
same scent as tlieniselves. When desirable to
release her, one end of the cage can be
stopped with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.

By putting food in one end of the cage, a
quee'n may be kept caged, away from the
bees, the same as in any other cage.

r^ ,• it _ ^^ 1»_, II?«, ..^».^^^-, Or with the American Bee Journal

Price, ibS.OO, by express, oneyear-bothforSS.SO.

Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 12, 1903,

No. 7.

The Crucial Time of AVintjering is

yet to come. The novice often congratulates
himself alonpr in January or February that his
bees are wintering so w^ll, only to find later
on that before settleti warm weather comes
inany of his colonies are dead, and those that
remain are badly depleted. A week toward
the close of winter will show more dead bees
than a month at its beginninj:. sometimes
twice as many. It is not well to crow before
you are out of the woods.

Shaken Swarms in Knglanil. — The

British Bee Journal does not boil over with
enthusiasm with regard to shaken or brushed
swarms. It says:

" We fail to see any improvement in, or
much, if any, practical difference between the
' new dodge ' and the well-tried methods of
making artificial swarms practiced in this
country for many years past."

Indeed, it seems to think they have some-
thing even better there. That " one better "
plan will probably be given in the said jour-
nal, when it will be a pleasure to produce it
in these columns.

Taking Out and Returning Bees to
Cellar. — Is it desirable, when a favorable
day comes, to take bees out of the cellar in
winter and then return them after a flight!
Naturally one would suppose that giving the
bees a chance to lly and relieve themselves
would leave them in better condition to en-
dure further confinement. But actual trial
seemed to show that bees thus treated were
rather worse than better for it. It was gen-
erally agreed that after having been out for ?
flight the bees did not afterward settle down
in the same i|uietude as before their flight.

But the matter has again become unsettled
because of the report of the A. I. Root Co.,
that in the winter of 1901-2 they took out
colonies for a winter flight and then returned
them with apparently good results.

It is just possible that the former view is
incorrect, and as the matter has a very practi-
cal bearing it would be well if many who win-
ter their bees in cellars would put it to the
test. In the vicinity of Chicago there has
been no day warm enough for bees to fly since
some lime in the middle or latter part of
November, and it is possible that such a day
may now come any time. The same is prob-
ably true throughout most of the large terri-
tory where cellar-wintering prevails. When

a good (light-day comes let a certain numljer
of average colonies be taken out and then re-
turned in the evening, or, at most, not more
than a day or two later. Then note whether
the colonies so treated appear better or worse
than the others after the season has fairly
opened.

If the bees can be relieved by a flight be-
fore settled weather comes, it will be well to
know it and to act accordingly. Those who
believe in tlie practice may well ask why it
should be that a winter flight, or several of
them, should be conceded on all hands to be
a good thing for bees wintered in the open, if
the same thing is bad for cellared bees. But
if further experiment should only result in re-
establishing more firmlj' the belief that it is
better to leave bees in the cellar until they
can come out for good, it is well for us to
know the fact.

This journal will be glad to receive reports
from any who may cvperiraeut along the
lines indicated.

Moving Hives with Open Kntrances

has been practiced by some and mentioned
approvingly, butH. H. Hyde says, in the Pro-
gressive Bee-Keeper, that after testing it to a
certain extent he does not approve of It. A
good deal of emphasis can be read Into the
last part of his sentence when he says, " It
might work very successfully for a time or
two, but oh, the time that it does not do so!"'

Kight Bees for Queen-Rearing. —

Swarthmore. in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
says that the bees of the best age are those
which are engaged in the daily play-spell.
He captures these at the time of their playing.
An ordinary section-super has wire-cloth
nailed over it, and this is placed in front of
the hive to catch the playing bees. Then a
thin board large enough to cover the super is
slipped down between the super and the hive,
and the imprisoned bees can then be used at
the will of the operator.

There may be just a little question as to the
correctness of his position that there is any
serious objection to having been too young
for queen-rearing. A bee that has not been
out of the cell an hour may not do much in
the way of nursing, but it will be getting
older all the lime, and it is possible that it
may do its share when not many hours old.

Discharging Feces in the Hive.—

Do healthy bees discharge their feces in the
hive ; The general opinion has probably
been that during winter confinement bees
never discharge their feces in the hive until
the intestines become so distended that their
contents can no longer be retained, when the

bees might be considered in a more or less
diseased condition.

Along with this view it has generally beeo
held that the discharges were always more or
less lir|uid in character. The late S. Cornell,
of Ontario, stoutly held, and gave ocular
demonstration to substantiate his belief, that-
at least sometimes the discharges were dry..
Some authorities in Europe have held the-
same opinion, maintaining that under favor-
able conditions bees discharge their feces
from time to time in a dry state in the hive,
and that careful e.\amination of the debris un>
the floor of the hive would demonstrate the
truth of this belief.

The practical bearing of this matter is that
if it be true that bees in a perfectly healthy
state do void the contents of their intestines
from time to lime in a more or less solid form,
then if the right conditions can be maintained
there need be little anxiety as to long eon-
flnement, and little need for a flight till warn>
weather comes. In any case no harm can re-
sult from trying to maintain the conditions
favorable to the frequent voidance in a dry
form of the contents of the intestines. Chief
among these conditions are pure air and the
proper temperature.

National Organization is not looked
upon with rose-colored glasses by H. H. Hyde,
judging from' an article written b3' him in
the Bee- Keepers' Review. As objections to
success are named: Unwillingness of bee-
keepers to unite with the organization ; dis-
honesty of members; expense of operation;;
and the fact that to succeed the combine must
" do away entirely with wholesale dealers in
honey, and must sell to the retail merchants
entirely."

The writer naively says that he has personal
experience as a large buyer and shipper, thus
appearing to be in the class of wholesale
dealers, and his statement that doing away
with wholesale dealers is one of the difficulties
in the way of success of a national organiza-
tion gives rise to the question whether the
wish may not be father to the thought. The
organizalion, however, will suffer most, in
the judgment of -Mr. Hyde, from " profes-
sional grumblers who take delight in picking
a flaw, and in causing trouble in general."

Gathering Statistics is one of the
things more or less talked about just now.
Some think the National Association should
do the work. Others think it might be done
by the proper department of the National
Government. Is it not possible that there
might be some sort of co-operation. Gather-
ing statistics involves expense. If we can
have Uncle Sam foot the bills, in whole or in.

100

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

part, and thereby have good service, it would
be a desirable thing.

l)ne consideration is that the Government
is already in the business of gathering statis-
tics. It has experience in that line, and it
has the proper machinery for the work. That
being the case, it looks pretty clear that the
Government could do this addal work at less
expense than could another organization
which would gather just one line of statistics.

The question then arises whether it is pos-
sible for the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion to do the work in a more satisfactory
manner itself, and. If so, whether that in-
creased eflieiency would be worth all it would
cost. The subject is open for consideration,
and these columns are open for its discussion.

Weekly Budget.

The Sixth Annual Report of the Gen-
eral Manager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, for 1903, reads as follows:

Forest Citt, Iowa, December, 190L'.
To the Members of the XatioHid Bee- Keepers'
As.wei„tiu)i ;—

The past year has been a busy one for the
General Manager. Bee-keepers seem to have
more trouble with their neighbors than for-
merly. When the country was sparsely set-
tled, and life was not so strenuous as at pres-
ent, it was a rare case when neighbors sought
to restrict the acknowledged right of the bee-
keeper and honey-producer. But the severe
competition in all lines of business, and the
crowding of people into towns and cities,
have developed a selfish spirit which crops out
on many occasions.

But with one exception, no xerlunx legal
conflicts have occurred. The past decisions of
courts establishing and confirming the rights
of bee-keepers are of great importance when-
ever threats are made or actions begun to
determine the legal rights of our members.
Many of these decisions have been briefed and
printed ip pamphlet form for use in just such
emergencies. Whenever a member gets into
trouble because of his bees, and is threatened
with damages, or ordered to remove them, the
printed matter we have is sent to him or his
attorney, and in a majority of cases the mat-
ter is dropped without further proceedings.
It has been my practice not to encourage
litigation. If I have reason to believe from
the statement of a case that the bee-keeper is
at fault, that he has so managed his bees that
they have annoyed his neighbors needles-sly, I
do not encourage resistance to reasonable
authority, but endeavor to have him reform
his methods and avoid trouble. Bee-keeping
is respectable, and I would have it respected
through a proper system of management and
the high character of its followers.

The most import case, which has been re-
ferred to the General Manager during the
past year was one from Minnesota. Mr. V.
Shebat, of Wabasha County, wrote me in
July that he was likely to get into trouble
on account of his bees, stating the case in a
very clear, business-like manner. I sent him
such advice and help as I thought necessary.
In a hotly contested case which followed he
was tr'mmj)hanthj vimUeated. He was so grate-
ful for the assistance rendered that he wrote
the following to the American Bee Journal,
which I hereby copy, as it states the matter
fully, and is of enough importance, perhaps,
to warrant the use of the space it occupies.

STATEMENT OF MR. SHEBAT.

" I desire to say a few words through the
American Bee Journal to the bee-keepers of
America.

" I have been a member of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association for 12 years, and for

more than i:i yiars have kept about 00 colo-
nies of bees on a lot that I own here, and have
never had any complaint made to me about
my bees doing any damage or being a nui-
sance until this summer.

" A large church is situated on the corner
opposite the lot on which my bees are
located, but no complaint was ever made that
they annoyed or injured any one. This sum-
mer a large church-school for girls was com-
menced on the lot adjacent to mine, and a
city ordinance was manipulated through our
city council declaring it a misdemeanor for
any one to keep bees in our city, ' within 600
feet of any church, school-house, or other
public building, or within ?00 feet of any
dwelling in said city.' This ordinance was
passed in the latter part of July, and within a
few days thereafter two actions weje begun
against me under said ordinance, and one un-
der our State law, which declares, ' any act or
commission which injures, annoys, or endan-
gers the comfort, repose, health or safety of
any considerable persons, a public nuisance.'
These were all criminal actions, and I was
arrested in each case.

" The case under the Statelaw was virtually
abandoned for lack of evidence, and I was
declared not guilty, but the case under the
new city ordinance was prosecuted with bit-
terness and venom. The trial was in our
recorder's court, before a jury, and lasted the
whole of one day.

" My attorney, Col. J. T. Bowditch, de-
fended me on the following grounds, viz. :

"1st. That the ordinance was not author-
ized by our city charter.

" 2d. That the city council had no power to
make a nuisance of any act by passing an
ordinance against it, unless the act itself was
in fact a nuisance.

"3d.. That the ordinance in question re-
sulted in taking and damaging property tor
public use without just compensation to the
owner, contrary to the Constitution of the
United States and of this State; that it
abridged the natural rights of private citizens;
that it was unreasonable and unjust.

" 4th. That if the keeping of bees contrary
to the terms of this ordinance was a nuisance
at all, it was a private nuisance, for v^hich all
persons injured thereby had their redress in
the courts, and was such a nuisance as could
not be regulated by any general ordinance or
law.

"These were the main points of my de-
tense, but, of course, each was greatly elabor-
ated by my attorney.

"lam happy to say the jury returned a
verdict 'Not guilty,' and I have since re-
ceived the congratulations of many bee-keep-
ers on the happy ending of the vicious fight
that was made against me.

" My chief object in writing this communi-
cation is to thank the National Bee-Keepers'
Association publicly for the valuable aid it
rendered me in this fight, and to impress upon
all bee-keepers the benefits to be derived from
belonging to such an organization.

In the beginning I informed the oflicers of
the Association (the General Manager) of the
passage of the ordinance and the danger
threatened. Tlnij at once foneanlid Id me
viilniihle hriij's for the use of my ultiiriinis. ■mil
suijipsiiniis 'li,i,f to proceed if I should In ,ir-
reslid. M 11 alluniey nays the briefs inn uf tin:
yreiltist iissislii/ire in preparilnj m;/ il<J'rn.ii\
that^ in fart, they lightened his labors fully one-
half.

After the case was decided I sent to the
General Manager, Eugene Secor, a statement
of the costs against me, and also a statement
of the costs I had incurred in defending my-
self. I at once received a check for ¥40, to
pay a part of the expenses I had been put to.
Surely, this is an Association worth belonging
to, and it seems to me we ought to do all in
our power to support and aid any institution
that does as much for us as the National Bee-
Keepers' Association. — V. Shebat."

Quite a numlier of other appeals for help
and advice have been received, but none of
them required any financial aid. The printed
matter and letters were all that they required.

The correspondence and the routine work
of the ollice are considerable. Indeed, the
duties have been more burdensome than I felt
like carrying, considering the unjust criti-
cism of a few ambitious members. In my

last annual rcjiort I asked to be relieved, and,
later, tendered my resignation, but was pre-
vailed upon tij serve out the present year. I
now repeat that I wish the voting member-
ship to elect my successor.

In severing my official relationship with the
Association, i)erhaps the friends will allow
me space to call attention to some things that
have been undertaken or accomplished dur-
ing my incumbency.

When the Association was reorganized in
1896, it commenced business without funds
and without prestige. I was its first and only
General Manager. Through the hearty sup-
port and indefatigable labors of many loyal
and influential friends, it has grown from
zero to nearly a thousand members; and,
although a good deal of money has been
spent in defense of bee-keepers, and to ad-
vance their interests, the financial statement
submitted herewith shows its healthy condi-
tion. It is no boast to say it is the largest and
must iitjtuential bee-keepers' society in the irorld,
and is doing work that no other Association
attempts since the voluntary withdrawal of
the old "Bee-Keepers' Union," under the
leadership of that successful manager, Thomas
G. Newman.

Here is a statement of some of the more
important things accomplished or attempted
by this Association during the last five years:

In 1898 a good deal of time, energy and
money was spent in promoting J'lire Food
Leglislation. and in trying to prevent the re-
scinding of a classification rule by railroad
authorities in regard to shipping bees.

The same year an attempt was made by the
city authorities in an Illinois town to remove
all bees from the corporation. This was pre-
vented by help of the Association.

In 1899 the Association attempted to stop
the sale of adulterated honey in Chicago, and
spent $300 therefor. While the suits were
not successful, the publicity which the suits
brought about educated the people to such a
degree that an Illinois Pure Food law was
passed the next year.

A number of bee-keepers were also success-
fully aided by advice and help from the Asso-
ciation.

In the year 1900 the celebrated Utter vs.
Utter case was successfully fought out, and
the court rulings and decision will be val-
uable as a precedent whenever quoted in like
cases.

The same year a case testing the Pure Food
Law of Michigan was brought against a re-
tailer of adulterated honey, and the party
found guilty and fluid.

During the year 1901 another important suit
was determined in Rochester, N. Y., fully
testing the right to keep bees in cities. (The
City of Rochester vs. Taunton.)

These cases, in addition to the many settled
out of court through the efforts of the Asso-
ciation, and, therefore, never heard of, will
inform the new members what the organiza-
tion has been trying to accomplish.

It has also published for reference and dis-
tribution wherever needed, the following
pamphlets and folders:

1st. Bees and Horticultl're- — A 14-page
pamphlet CJd Ed. i in which is brought to-
gether the latest and best thoughts on the
value of bees to the fruit-grower, danger
and uselessness of spraying during bloom,
etc., endorsed by leading editors and agricul-
tural writers.

2d. The City of Rochester vs. Taunton:
— A brief of the law case above referrred to.

3d. A New Vokk Supreme Cookt Case
defining property in swarms.

4th. A New York Case as to the liabilities
of bee-keepers for injuries done by bees.

.5th. The Wiiiely tJuoTED Arkadelphia
Case successfully fought by Mr. Newman as
to the rights of bee-keepers.

Newspaper articles, the tendency of which
was to prejudice the public against the use of
honey, written in ignorance or by sensational
reporters, have been replied to, and in many
cases satisfactory retractions secured.

Members of Congress and chairmen of im-
portant committees have been asked to favor
and promote pure food legislation with a view
to stopping the sale of glucose syrup under
the guise of honey.

In this, my final official report, I wish
to acknowledge my obligation to many

Feb. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

101

friends and loyal supporters, ami to express
in,v thanks for kind and encourajrinir words.
But I am tirrii in the conviction tliat it is time
forme to slacken the speed of over-driven
machinery, and turn the affairs of the Asso-
ciation over to a younger or more vigorous
man.

I have had no conflict with the present
Board of Directors, nor with any of the Asso-
ciation oHicials. The utmost harmony has
prevaUedin our deliberations. I feel grateful
for the confidence reposed in me, and the un-
ceasing loyalty shown by theni.

Financial IJeport.

RECEIPTS.

Amount on hand at last report .* 718 6*

Received for membership fees during
year 546 50

ToUl $1,265 17

PISBtRSEMESTS.

Printing last year's report, etc., not

in last statement $ 41 15

Paid George W. York printing Buf-
falo's Convention Report 100 00

Paid for defense of Mr. Shebat 40 00

Paid for 1000 buttons for members. . 50 60
Paid envelooes, postals and stamps

used 60 72

Paid letter-heads for .Association .... 5 25

Paid pamphlets, briefs, etc 28 76

Paid use of piano at Buffalo Conven-
tion 6 00

Paid legal counsel 10 00

Paid stenographer and clerk 15 00

Paid printing this report, ballots,

names 22 00

Salary, 15 percent of amount received

for memberships 81 97

Balance on hand 803 72

Total -?1,265 17

NOTE.

If it is observed that the above item for
membership fees is out of proportion to the
number of names, it is stated in explanation :

1st. That a large number joined through
local or 8tate associations at 50 cents each.

2d. That I have not received a cent of the
money paid to Mr. Ahliott by the members,
although their names arc on the list,

3d. The untimely diiilh of the secretary,
Dr. Mason, probably accounts for his not
remitting money in his hands for dues col-
lected at Denver and at cither times. lie sent
list of names in September, but no money.

Respectfully submitted,

Eugene Secok, Gen. -Wyr. ami Treax.

There are only two comments that we wish
to make on the foregoing, viz. :

Inctead of S300 having been paid on the
Chicago adulterated-honey cases in 1S99, it
was ?200. And, even then, some not familiar
with the details thought it was a large sum to
pay. We know that the same work, it done
by some other attorney, would have cost
more. But it was money well spent, we
think.

Second, one might naturally infer from Mr.
Secor's Note 2, near the close of his Report,
that Mr. Abbott was still holding the money
he received for annual dues last summer,
after being elected General Manager by a
majority of the Board of Directors. But such
inference would not be true, as Mr. Abbott
sent by check the net amount in his hands to
Secretary Mason. So Mr. Abbott can not be
blamed if the General Manager did not re-
ceive that money. According to the Consti-
tution of the Association, the Secretary, as
well as the General Manager, is authorized to
receive annual membership dues.

Mr. George W. Fokkis, a well-known
farmer living in Howard Co., Mo., has just
discovered that he has been living in a house
that contains honey. Six years ago a swarm

of bees settled between the weather-boards
and plastering of his residence. Lately he
decided to investigate, and on taking away
the weather-boarding, found that the bees
had made a solid wall of honey. More than a
hundred pounds of the finest iiuality of sweet-
ness was taken out. Some bees seem to like
large hives. The.se must have been some-
thing liki' the colonies Dr. Gallup has been
writing about, and perhaps even the workers
of this particular colony had the " missing
link !"

Tue Ai'iART OF Mr. C. Li ndblom appears
in three views on the first page. He wrote as
follows concerning it :

I take pleasure in sending you three pic-
tures. No. 1 shows my bees on the summer
stands. No, 2 presents the apiary in winter
quarters, and Xo, 3 is my dwelling-house with
two small colonies packed like the rest, but
on the south side of the house.

In packing my bees, I first put two sticlfs
across the frames, next two thicknesses of
burlap, then the super on the hive filled with
dry leaves. The cover is then put on, when
the first part is done. Next I put on a lot of
slough-grass all over and between the hives
about 2 feet deep, and in this way I have win-
tered my bees nine years, and lost only 6
colonies, I winter an average of 12 colonies,
always giving them plenty of feed, and have
the hives face the south, C. Lindbolm.

He Understood Him!— Fritz, a German
lad, and little Tom were fond of each other,
although neither could understand what the
other said.

'• Why, Tommy,'' said his father, "your
playmate does not speak English, does he .'"'

"No," said Tommy ; "but when a honey-
bee stung him yesterday he cried in English,
andi understood him."

<»VliVM>J«V}iV)iV>Vl«Vja,J«VJs,aa.J^J

Convention Proceedings.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
d5c. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

The meeting was called to order by Pres. York, at 11
a.m., Dec. 3, and Secretary Moore offered prayer, who after-
ward read the minutes of the previous meeting, which were
approved.

Pres. Yorlt then introduced the following- bee-keepers
from a distance : W. Z. Hutchinson, from Michig-an ; Mr.
and Mrs. Pickard, Mr. Wilcox, Dr. Nussle. Mr. Whitney,
Mr. Morrison, and Mr. Clute, all from Wisconsin ; Mr.
Niver, from New York ; Morley Pettit, from Canada ; Huber
H. Root and Mr. Simon, from Ohio ; Mr. Watts, from In-
diana ; and Mr. Armstrong, from Iowa.

Pres. York — Also Mr. llaldridge, one of the oldest bee-
keepers in Illinois. We are always glad to have him here.
How far back does your experience take you, Mr. Baldridge ?
Don"t be afraid to tell because you will give your age away.

Mr. Baldridge— I can't tell exactly ; before the war.

Pres. York — Spanish War ?

Mr. Baldridge— Civil War.

Pres. York— Before two wars. I am sure we are going
to have a good meeting, and as others come in we will have
the room crowded. I received a letter from Canada ; the
writer of it wanted a copy of our program, and I told him

we had no program for this convention. We don't need it
here. They seem to need a program over in Canada. They
have it, anyway. It was Mr. Pettit, and he is with us. W^
simply ask questions and discuss them ; we all take part in
making up the " program," as well as discussing the ques-
tions.

On motion, a committee was appointed, composed of Mr.
Horstmann and Mr. Clute, to meet Mr. France at the station
when he should arrive at 1:15 p.m., and escort him to the
convention.

F. Wilcox — May I be permitted to say a few words be-
fore Mr. France is introduced, because I may not have
another opportunity ? In the letter from Mr. France he
speaks of bringing free copies of his foul brood volume for
distribution. I know something about the preparation and
publication of those bulletins, properly called. He prepared
it for publication, and upon inquiry found he could get it
published for about half the price by local papers, and else-
where, and then attempted to draw pay from the State un-
der the general appropriation for doing it, and failed. He
is not a politician, and did not understand the process for
securing pay for these bulletins, so he had to bear the ex-
pense out of his own pocket. I thought I might remind
those who receive one of them, that it comes entirely from
Mr. France, and not from the State of Wisconsin.

Pres. York — We are glad to know this". We will appre-
I ciate it all the more as a personal gift from Mr. France.

Mr. Moore read the Treasurer's report, which was ap-
proved, and showed a good balance on hand.

Pres. York — I suppose we are one of the " best heeled "
bee-keepers' associations. I think most of them have to
take up a collection. We used to do that, but we have got-
ten beyond that, and now have some money in the treasury.

Sec. Moore — I suppose all of you know by this time that
Dr. Masou died under very distressing circumstances. He
was one of the best known bee-keepers in the world, and be-
loved by every one who knew him. I move that the chair
appoint a committee of three to draw up resolutions of con-
dolence to his family, and such other matters as should
properly come under the work of such committee, and pre-

10,2

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

sent it to the Association when they get it complete, either
this afternoon or to-morrow, for adoption.

Messrs. Hutchinson, Root, and Wilcox were named as
the committee.

Pres. York — We now come to the program. I believe I
said we didn't have any, but we have an order of business.

Mr. Horstmann — I move that we have a few minutes
recess, so as to give the members a chance to pay their
dues. Carried.

Pres. York—Before we have this intermission I would
like to say that the dues are one dollar, and this dollar pays
for your membership not only in this Association, but also
in the National. The dues of the National are also one
dollar, but if you join this one you become a member in both
Associations for the one dollar, where otherwise you would
have to pay a dollar to join the National and another dollar
to join this Association. I hope ever5' bee-keeper who
comes here will become a member of this Association.

After a short recess the convention proceeded.

Pres. York — I would like to appoint a committee to dis-
tribute slips of paper for questions. This is the way we
make up our'- program." Mr. Niver and Mr. Green will act
on that committee. Now, if you have any questions you
would like to ask and have discussed, write them on "the
slips of paper, and they will be collected a little later, so we
will have some questions to go on with.

Mr. York — I have four questions we will begin on while
you are writing others, and we would like to have each one
who wishes, and will, take part in these discussions. I do
not like to call on any one, but unless we get started
promptly we will have to start by calling on some one.
These questions were sent in by mail. The first question
is this :

CARRYING DRAWN-OUT SECTION BY RAIL.

" Is it possible to carry by rail quite a distance, sections
containing foundation which has been drawn out by the
bees and emptied of honey, without damaging the same ?
If so, how should they be packed ?"

Pres. York — Who has had experience in shipping sec-
tions containing foundation which has been drawn out by
the bees and emptied of honey ? How can you ship without
this comb breaking out of the sections? Has any one done
anything of that kind ?

Mr. Wilcox— There will be no trouble whatever if the
•weather is sufficiently warm. All vou want is to ship them
in hot weather.

Dr. Nussle— I would like to have them shipped packed
in the super as they are when they are drawn in the sum-
mer. Heat them up and put in the super, and you can ship
any distance, winter or summer.

Mr. Hutchinson — I don't see why there should be any
difficulty in shipping these any more than honey. The bee's
can not draw out that foundation with honey without con-
necting it at the top and partially at the sides, and we have
shipped such honey, and the thing would be the same. I
don't see the point the questioner wishes to make— why
foundation can not be shipped as well as honey.

Pres. York— I suppose the questioner has what Dr.
Miller would call " bait-sections." Has any one else any-
thing to say on that question ? Is there anything further
that can be said ?

Mr. Pettit— If the sections have been kept over winter
in a cold place, and were cracked, I should not think they
could beshipped at all ; but otherwise they would ship more
easily and safely than if they had honey in.

Pres. York— Mr. Wilcox suggests that a gas stove be
sent along with them I

Mr. Simon— What Mr. Pettit has said is very true, that
the comb is not more susceptible, or not as much suscepti-
ble, to breakage without the foundation, or without the
filling of the honey, as it would be with it; therefore, I
should consider it perfectly safe to ship them in almost
any kind of weather without the honey in it as well as with
it. Do you understand what I am driving at ?

WHAT COLONIES TO COUNT AS PRODUCERS.

"When finding the average amount of honey produced
by a certain number of colonies, should the colonies which
produce just a few pounds— say two or three— be counted as
honey-producers ?'

Mr. Hutchinson— Count every colony that produces any
honey.

Mr. Wilcox — If I am counting up the average per col-
ony, I take no notice of the honey produced from a young
swarm, but I count all colonies even if they don't give me a
single pound, in fixing the average per colony.

Pres. York— How does Mr. Whitney do ? Did you ever
get an average ? How do you make it ?

Mr. Whitney — I don't know any other rule than that
suggested by Mr. Wilcox. I usually count mine spring
count — average spring count. Last season my average
spring count was a little over 103 pounds from 33 colonies.

Pres. York — Comb or extracted ?

Mr. Whitney— Comb. They gave me nearly 3500 pounds
from 33 colonies.

Pres. York — Is there any other view on this, or do we all
agree that the proper way is to count all the colonies ? If
so, we will go to the next question.

COUNTING THE AVERAGE PER COLONY.

"In estimating the number of sections produced by a
colony, are salable ones alone counted ?"

Pres. York — Are they all counted, or only the salable
ones ? How do you count them ?

Mr. Whitney — I would explain my method of counting
in answer to that question. I count only such as you can
crate and ship away. The unfinished sections I ordinarily
put back and let the bees finish them up, or extract them
and keep them for bait-sections.

Pres. York— Judging from most of the honey shipped
to market, I would say not every one does that way. I have
had it come in hardly half sealed, and half filled. Think of
sending sections of honey away to market in that condition 1
Is there any one else who produces comb honey who cares
to answer this question ? How do thev do over in Canada,
Mr. Pettit ?

Mr. Pettit — We don't count the sections that are not
salable, of course. We extract those and count them in
with the extracted honey, or use the sections for bait-
sections.

Mr. Niver — I have found some who don't have any No.
2 honey at all, in my travels the last two months. Bee-
keepers should simply take and sort when thej' take up a
super, and take off as No. 2 all that won't grade No. 1, and
put it in the super and set it in front of the hives at night,
and let the bees carry it in to fill up their No.-2's so they
have only No. 1 to sell. That is quite a nice way, I think.
That is, it gives good results.

(Continued next week.)

Contributed Articles.

A National Honey Exchange Outlined.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

IN a late number of the American Bee Journal I gave
what seems to me a fair description of the signs of the
times in regard to combination, whether of capital or work
and the great importance of co-operation in all lines of
work. I there stated that I would in a succeeding article
outline what seemed to me a feasible course for the bee-
keepers to pursue. This is not visionary or a mere theory.
It is indeed what has already proved a success with the cit-
rus growers of Southern California. I need not, however,
say Southern California now, because our Citrus Fruit Ex-
change has already entered and captured central California,
and is even gaining a foothold in the northern part of the
State. What I give, then, is no theory, it is a sort of evolu-
tion. Although the Citrus Fruit Exchange started nine
year ago it is to-day an acknowledged success, and all agree
that it has been the salvation of a most important industry
of our State.

California is peculiarly handicapped in the circum-
stances attending her fruit industry. We are over 2000
miles from market, and the freight charges on fruit to the
Eastern cities are about one dollar a box. We had to com-
pete with Italy and other sub-tropical and foreign nations
where citrus fruits were produced. There transportation
was by water, and, so, very cheap. Our superior intelli-
gence, energy and enterprise made it possible for us to
eclipse them to a marked degree in the quality of the fruit,
but with railroads against us, and their determination to
" charge all the traffic would bear," it was impossible for us
to win success except through co-operation. As a result we
have to-day the Southern California Fruit Exchange. By

Feb. 12. 1903.

I HE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

103

the aid of this the citrus- fruit growers of our section have
won a substantial success, and I doubt if any rural industry
in the country can make a better showing, despite the great
disadvantage of distant market and railroad transportation.

A HONEY EXCH.VNGE POSSIBLE.

For an exchange in any line to succeed demands a very
intelligent constituency. (>ur citrus growers of Southern
California are largely educated men. Thej' read, think,
and many had wide business experience before they com-
menced the woT\f of fruit-culture. Such cooperation as the
Exchange implies must be founded upon faith in each other,
absence of distrust and suspicion, and a willingness to pay
for (irst-class business talent, what other lines of business'
are willing to pay, and do pay. Our bee-keepers, to be suc-
cessful, must read and think. As a general thing the apia-
rists are a reading, thinking people. If I am right in this
conjecture then they will be more free from suspicion and
more -ready to act upon recognized business principles ;
freer from distrust and suspicion, and must agree to procure
the best business talent and ability, even though thej' do
have to pay what seems an exhorbitant price for it.

THE PLAN ODTHNED.

I feel certain that in time we shall have a national
honey exchange. Yet, as in our government relations, the
different States will act separately, and each will have its
own exchange which in many respects will be quite inde-
pendent of the others, though all will be organically united
and one man of signal ability who is manager of the great
national exchange will have general direction over all the
subordinate exchanges ; that is, the exchanges of the sepa-
rate States. This general manager would have his head-
quarters in some great central market, I should suppose
probably Chicago would be headquarters for the national
exchange.

Of course, this general manager would have his advis-
ers. This might be a sort of executive committee appointed
from the various States, and would be composed of men of
marked business ability. It would very likely be better to
have this executive committee of these advisers of the great
business manager made up of the business managers of the
different States, in which case, of course, meetings could not
be held oftener than annually, and so the business would
have to be largely by correspondence. In these days of
typewriters and telephones this would be no serious handi-
cap.

The work of this general manager would be chiefly dis-
tribution and marketing. He would have his ear constantly
to the ground, and would know exactly the status of all the
markets of the country, and thus he would direct from the
different States the sending of honey to market in a way
that 'the best distribution would be accomplished. This
%vould make glutting of the market an impossibility. He
would have charge of appointing salaried salesmen in all
the great cities, who would, under his charge, distribute the
honey as the needs of the various sections require. They
would also look out for the distribution among smaller
places in the near vicinity of the city or town. They would
also be constantly developing markets.

These various salesmen would be in constant communi-
cation with the head manager, and thus he would know
through them the condition of the market in all sections of
the various States. Thus his office and duties would be
much the same as that of the general manager of the South-
ern California Fruit Exchange. The latter, however, meets
his advisers once a week during the busy season, while, as
stated above, the general manager of the honey exchange
could hardly meet his advisers oftener than once a year.

This general manager ought to be a man of very supe-
rior business abilit.v. Such services could not be secured
except at a large salary. I should say thatSlO.OCO would be
none too much for the right man to fill this place. He should
have business instinct and capacity that would more than
pay his salary many times over during a single year.

THE STATE HONEY EXCHANGE.

Each State exchange likewise must needs have a busi-
mess manager, also of unusual business capacity. He would
take charge of the exchange for the State, and would, I be-
lieve, be the one from the State to advise with the general
national manager. He would have advisers also. These
should be honej'-producers, and should be men of business
tact and shrewd business management. The duty of the
State business manager would be to keep in close immediate
touch with all the county or local exchanges through the
State. He would also be in constant communication with

the national manager. He would direct the various local
exchanges when, how, and where to ship honey, and would
arrange all the details. It is possible that it would be wise
1o give into his hands a portion of the marketing in his own
State, which of course would be done only after the closest
conference with the national manager. He and his advisers
would arrange all the details of packing, grading and ship-
ping, and in case it was found desirable to advance the
money to bee-keepers who were. unable to wait until the
sales were made, he would bo the one who would look after
the details of this arrangement.

The third wheel in this great system would be the local
exchange. Each would have its general manager or super-
intendent, who might be, and I think should be, the adviser
of the State manager. He would be the go-between con-
necting the State manager with the individual honey-pro-
ducers. He would also look after the details of the local ex-
change, such as storing of honey, packing, shipping, label-
ing, etc.

ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM.

The great advantage from such a system of distribution
and marketing would be that of all such combinations — the
producers would have something to say as to the price which
should be received for their product, and thus would not be
called upon, or at least would not be compelled, to take less
for their product than the actual cost of producing it. At
present the bee-keepers, like all other agriculturists, have
nothing to say regarding what their wares shall bring in
the market, no more than they have regarding the price of
such articles as they may wish to purchase. This seems a
great wrong, and by such combination as this exchange
would secure, the agriculturist can win a right which in all
the world's history thus far he has been deprived of.

Again, this system of marketing would enable the pro-
ducer to arrange an intelligent and wise distribution, so
that while no section was crowded by a surplus of his pro-
duct, all sections would at all times be supplied with a suf-
ficient amount for the needs of all the people. Heretofore
there has been no system at all in this matter of distribu-
tion of products. Who can doubt but that a wise reform in
this matter would be fraught with the greatest results to
any industry that should secure it ?

A third advantage would be the fact that the honey
would be all put up and graded in a uniform and excellent
style, so that buyers would be attracted as they cannot be
where much of the product is sold in a form that is neither
attractive nor economical. The packing could also be done
very much cheaper. The grading also would be perfect,
and thus every man's product would be sold on its own
merits. This improvement in style of packing and this
thorough grading would of necessity increase the demand
for the product everywhere, and would result in greatly in-
creased sales. The reduction in cost of packing has been
about one-third in the fruit exchange. That it would be
less in the honey exchange I see no reason to believe.

Still another advantage from this system of doing busi-
ness would be a combination in the purchase of supplies,
and thus all supplies would be bought at Uniform rates,
would be uniform in style, and all would be of the very best
style, pattern and finish. Here again the citrus fruit ex-
change has made a great advance over the experience of
the orange and lemon growers before the association was
founded.

In the case of the Citrus Fruit Exchange the cost of
marketing, including telegrams, all clerk hire, everything,
is a little less than three percent, and is done much better
than it ever could have been through commission men. I
see no reason why the same large gains may not accrue to
the bee-keepers if they can only consent to form such an
organization as is outlined above.

Again, the losses during the nine years of the history
of the California Citrus Fruit Exchange where about thirty
million dollars worth of fruit has been sold, has been less
than one-fortieth of one percent. We sometimes hear it
said that farmers can not do their own busines. I would
like to know of a business firm or any organization or asso-
ciation, the country over, that has done business of such
magnitude with such an infinitesimal loss as the Citrus Ex-
change.

If our bee-keepers will only consent to act together, and
will secure men of that large business capacity which will
enable them to run successfully the large undertaking, I
see no reason why an abundant success may not be secured.
The scheme is a grand one, and must develop slowly. Cali-
fornia. Colorado, and Arizona, ought soon to be ready to
carry it out, and with them as examples we may hopi that
the other States will soon wheel into line.

104

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

Forced Swarms— Questions About Them
Answered.

BY J. K. CHAMBERS.

ON page 819 (1902) are some questions about forced
swarms, in answer to which I will say that it does not

matter in the least whether or not they are made before
queen-cells are started, for the reason that no swarm should
ever be made for the sole purpose of controlling the swarm-
ing impulse, when there is no honey-flow, for in the great
majority of cases no good results can reasonably be ex-
pected, unless there is a good, strong flow right at the time
the colony is swarmed, in which case it will not do to wait
for cells to be started, for we want to get the bees to work
in the supers at once, not even to lose a day's time. And in
order to do this, we must work our bees in a way that will
bring them up to the flow in the best possible shape for the
honey-gathering ; and, he who cannot accomplish this will
not succeed with the brushed-swarm method. But if you
have them in condition, and honey is coming, don't wait
a minute. Brush them, cells or no cells. Remember, the
main thing is lots of bees and a good, strong flow of nectar.
Reinforce them with a second drive in eight days, and again
in eight days more, if the flow continues.

I find large starters are best in my locality, and full
sheets in sections. No frame of brood is ever needed with
me in order to control absconding, however, a comb of
brood will do no harm, and in many cases it will have a
strong tendency to prevent swarming-out. There is noth-
ing in the idea that a comb of brood must be removed on
the second day after it is given in order to prevent swarm-
ing-out. I speak of this in my own locality ; with others it
may be difl^erent.

There is always more or less uneasiness among bees
that have been brushed, and unless the work is done rightly,
they will be apt to swarm-out. However, I don't think
there is any more danger of absconding than with natural
swarming, provided reasonable care is exercised.

I do not consider that any advantage is to be gained by
the use of drawn comb. On the contrary I think it is a big
mistake to use it, for the reason that the bees will begin
work in the brood -chamber first, if drawn comb is used, and
may continue to waste time storing in the brood-nest when
they should be at work in the supers ; and that very loiter-
ing in the brood-chambers may induce swarming. And,
again, they always seem less inclined to enter the supers
promptly. For this very reason drawn combs are more con-
venient to cluster on than starters, and the queens will
start laying at once, thus occupying a large part of the
force in the brood-chamber.

In conclusion I will say, that to get the best results a
shallow hive is Accessary. It is almost impossible to get
the full benefit of the brushed-swarm method with a deep
hive, with most of us. Contraction is the word.

Concho Co., Texas.

Apiculture in Germany vs. United States.

BY J. A. HBBKKIvY.

IT is interesting to note th§ difference of present-time bee-
keeping in Germany and the United States, but it is sur-
prising to see the great variety of hives, different sizes
of frames, to hear the loud praising of a particular form of
hive by one group, and the equally loud condemnation of
the same hive by another group of apiarists, and still all
pursue the same object — to induce the bees to store the most
honey.

In Germany the hives are not set out singly in the gar-
den or field, but are put into bee-houses. Sometimes it is
only a wooden shanty to protect the hives from the weather,
with poor light, and bees having access to the interior ;
more commonly they are bee-tight, single or double walled,
mostly of wood, but sometimes of masonry ; some are quite
ornamental.

In most of them the bees fly to the south only. Usually
there are but two tiers of hives, rarely three tiers, for hives
are operated on from the rear, styled Dothe or Berlepsch hive,
vulgarly called "breech-loader." For this form of hive the
bee-house usually has ample light from the opposite side
from where the bees have their entrance. For hives oper-
ated on from above, the light generally enters from the
same side the hives stand, and just above the body of the
hives. Generally there is but one tier of such hives, but

some, to save expense, sacrifice convenience and put two
tiers, one above the other.

Then there are bee-houses called " pavilions," where
the bees have their entrance from three or all four sides,
with only one tier, providing ample room and light for
hives operated on from above. This last is a late type, but
quite expensive compared with the pavilion or old, designed
for breech-loading hives. These consist of multi-hives for4-
or more colonies side by side with only a division-board be-
tween them. The front and two sides are double-walled, on
a solid foundation of masonry. Two, and sometimes three,
of these multi-hives are put on top of one another,thus form-
ing one side of the pavilion ; two more walls of multi-hives
at right angle to the first, and the sides of the pavilion are
finished. The fourth side of a small pavilion will be taken
up by the entrance. In a large one there is. room for a few
hives on one or both sides of the door, if it is not preferred
to put to the side of the door, a tier of drawers for imple-
ments, frames not in use, etc. Sometimes a row of drawers
is put on the foundation, and multi-hives on top of these,
because it is very inconvenient to work when the hives are
near the flocfr. The four sides do not touch each other,
there is a space of 6 to 10 inches left in each corner for the
windows which are as high as the sides of the pavilion ;
they are pivoted in the center, the middle on the base and
ceiling, so they readily turn on their long axis to the right
or left, that the bees may be let out which flew off the combs
while being operated on.

A neat flat roof, provision for ample ventilation, and the
pavilion is finished. These are quite economical where
breech-loaders are in use, costing little more than the single
hive would cost, and are quite a nice addition in a garden or
park. It is claimed that bee-tight bee-houses and pavilions
are nice to work in, when nectar is scarce, without danger
of robbing, and that often work can be done that would be
impracticable on account of the weather where the hives
are in the open air. Germany.

I Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters |

Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

The Bee-Cellar in Winter.

Only two months or so now before those who winter
bees in the cellar will be thinking about taking them out.

Are you keeping pretty close watch of your cellar ?
Does it smell sweet and clean ? Bees, the same as human
beings, need fresh, pure air, all the time. I am afraid that
a good many of the human family do not have it always,
and no doubt the bees are often in the same condition.

What do you do when your rooms need ventilation ?
You open up the doors and windows and let in the fresh
air. If the weather is very cold you do not leave them open
very long, still you feel you must have fresh air even if it
does bring the temperature down for a while. Pretty good
plan to give the bees the same treatment.

Queen Laying- in January — A Little Beg-inner,

Did you ever have a queen that started to lay eggs Jan.
10? She has brood in all stages, and she is a young queen
of 1892, and was hived June 28. Her swarm was a weak
one, so I had her hived in a hive with the entrance all open.
Then next the hive got moth-worms. I cleaned her combs
and took out the brood, so that the bees could get all eggs
of the wax-worms. When that was done, in the beginning
of August, she started to lay again, and laid a lot of eggs.
When the honey- flow was almost over I started to feed
them until they had enough. So I was rid of the moth-
worms, and she had built up nicely by fall, with plenty of
young bees. Now she has not been fed for two months.
January lb I opened the hive, as I wanted to see whether
they had stores enough, and I found they had eggs and
brood in all stages. What is the reason she started to lay
so early 7 Our temperature was from 4 to 6 degrees above
zero.

I am a beginner in bee-keeping. I get the American
Bee Journal and have some bee-books besides. I have

Feb. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

105

never found anything about a queen starting to lay at this
time of the year.

I commenced with 2 colonies, then I found one of thetn
was queenless, so I united them, and increased to 7 colonies
during the summer, and they are in pretty good shape.

I am a little girl, 8 years old, and I enjoy reading Yon
Yonson's letters in the Bee Journal. What has become of
him ? Was Dr. Miller after him with a sharp stick, or
what is the reason he has no more letters in the Bee Jour-
nal ? E. W. Abel.

Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. IS.

You don't say whether your bees are outdoors or in the
cellar. I judge from what you say that they are out-of-
doors.

In cold weather we keep up the heat of our houses by
burning fuel, coal, wood, etc. The bees do the same, only
honej' is their fuel, and it is burned inside their little bodies.
Th€ colder the weather the more fuel is needed.

The heat of the cluster must be kept at about 50 de-
grees. In very cold weather to keep the outside of the
cluster at 50 degrees, the inside of the cluster must be very
much warmer, and contradictory as it may seem, the colder
the weather the warmer it will be in the center of the clus-
ter. After all, that isn't any different from what it is in
our homes, for the colder the weather the hotter must our
fires be to keep up the proper temperature. So the heat
being so great in the center of the cluster it is no uncom-
mon thing for the queens to begin to lay in February, or
even in January, when wintered out-of-doors.

They will not begin to lay so early when wintered in
the cellar, because there is not so much heat in the center
of the cluster.

I didn't know what had become of Yon Yonson, but
hoped he was not sick. Many of us, with you, missed his
quaint sayings ; but he is with us again, I see.

"The Sisters " will be glad to make the acquaintance
of a bright little up-to-date bee-keeper only 8 years old, who
enjoys reading the Bee Journal. I hope this is not the last
time we are to hear from you. I, for one, will be anxious
to know how you succeed.

i ^ The Afterthought. ^

'Old Reliable" jeen through New and Unreliable Qla^ses.
By E. E. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

A NEW HUMORIST.

Our new humorist who has three-year-old workers and
ten-year-old queens, look out he doesn't get your scalp
hanging at his belt. Page 829.

RELIQUEFVING HONEY IN GLASS JARS.

How to reliquefy honey in little glass bottles without
spoiling the labels is quite a problem. Can be done in the
kitchen oven. Don't 1 First you know you'll forget and
explode a lot of them— and there are too many divorces now.
Solar extractor no doubt splendid; but that is just the time
of year when few want to reliquefy. Where there is much
such work to be done no doubt a huge heating-box, with
thermometer inside, would be the thing. Heating arrange-
ments such as would not be liable to run very much too high
anyhow. Page 3.

COMBINATIONS, COOPERATIONS, EXCHANGES, AND "SICH."

I'm like a big dog chained under the hind axle of a big
wagon. (Perhaps a small dog would be a more suitable
figure. I 1 hang back awfully and persistently ; occasionally
I bark ; but the wagon goes right on, oft in the precise
direction I don't want it to go. What is said.on page*)
(19031, for the moment e'en y most made me slack my chain and
walk right up under the vehicle. Perhaps the orange and
lemon growers endured the business conditions of our fathers
as long as they ought to. Not sure it was their duty to
keep on sending oranges East and getting expense bills in-
stead of cash. Nice — to be able to double their acreage and
get satisfactory returns on SU, 000,000 worth of fruit. (Let's
see, sin has a reputation of looking nice, has it not ?) But
what shall we do with the claim that they 7vere sin-
ning, sinning against wife and babies, in the old competi-
tive way ?^Competition is sneaking and cruel; combina-

tion is soulless and cruel — about the choice between a thief
and a robber — and often financially foolish to boot. Wick-
edness develops so that in time it blinds even a soulless cor-
poration's eyes so it cannot see its own interests. O that
impossibilities might melt into possibilities I O that some-
body might invent a corporation with a Christian soul in-
side of it ! We'd vote him up to be the brother of the arch-
angel Michael.

SMELTER-SMOKE CONSUMER ANH BEES.

Looks like the Utah brethren are hugging a false hope,
if they hope anything in the line of smoke-consumers will
save their bees much. Smoke-consumers are to save fuel,
and to abate the nuisance of falling soot. I fear they do
not make the final products of combustion any more whole-
some—if indeed they do not make them worse. Chlorine
and arsenic still. Carbon becomes carbonic acid, no longer
dirty but much worse for animal life. Sulphur and phos-
phorus become sulphuric and phosphoric acids, more vio-
lently harmful than before, but liable to seize on moisture
near by and not go so far. If arrangements are made to
toss the vapors in a heated condition high into the air, that
may help some. Page 5.

SUGAR PER CAPITA.

If our people eat sugar 68 pounds per capita per year,
then (considering the number of babies and extreme poor) a
good many individuals must eat twice the ration, or 136
pounds. How many ounces would that be per day ? About
six. I'm aware that I eat even more than that, but it's al-
most hard to believe it of the other folks. Page 13.

OPEN-AIR COLONY.

An open-air colony of bees in Central Michigan is quite
an interesting freak. Of course they couldn't go through
the winter alive there. Possible to take the rail into the
cellar — but then there would be the difficulty of their lack of
honey. 1 wish very much we could have had that colony
carried over somehow, and set back there next spring. Even
a few boards laid on the fence till spring rains and winds
were over would not deprive them of their claim to be called
an open-air colony. Page 21.

POOR MAN AND CAPITALIST — GREEDY MANAGER.

Yes, Prof. Cook, we are no less safe in the hands of the
humbler than in the grip of the capitalist — or no ? Solomon
takes the other side — holds that a poor man when he gets a
position to oppress a poor man is like a cloud-burst, that
sweeps everything away — has practically no mercy, where
the rich oppressor would have 56i;«f. (Prov. 28:3.) It's pos-
sible, yes probable, that the masses have risen quite a bit
since Solomon's time. But humble little bear, and big,
proud grizzly bear — some of us are like way-faring Johnny-
cake in the nursery tale. We look at both ruefully ; and we
won't climb up unto either of their soft, easy-bed tongues
until we are absolutely obliged to do it.

And so the one-of-a-thousand manager wants a thous-
and-to-one salary. Strange. Not in the business for his
health, I fear. With both the name and the game of being
a greedy grabber for other folks, it's asking too much to ex-
pect him to be modest in grabbing for himself. Page 22.

\ Questions and Answers. \

COWDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. MIJ^I.Ett. Mareago, HI.

(The Qnestions may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv malL — Editor.1

" Missing Link" in Queens— Iowa as a Honey-State, Etc.

1. On page 56, and other pages in back numbers, Dr.
Gallup speaks of the " missing link " in queens. What do
you understand such missing link ? Is it a deficiency in the
female organs that make them non-prolific and short-lived ?
I have bought quite a number of queens in the last 5 years,
and fully - ; of them did not live over a year from the time
they were introduced, and none of them lived over 2 years:
while home-reared queens, reared by natural swarming or

106

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12. 1903.

supersedure, will live 5 years. This is no guess-work, I
know it to do so.

2. Last September I bought a nice, select queen. She
went to laying in a short time, and laid on until cold
weather knocked her out, and a few days ago I found her
lying in front-of the hive, dead, while there were but a few
other dead bees thrown out with her. Do you think she
could have died from starvation on account of the bees be-
ing unable to feed her during the cold snap we had a few
weeks ago ?

3. How does Iowa rank as a honey-State ?

4. What part of the State is considered best ?

5. Would it be too cold for a West Virginia man ?

6. Which is considered the better State for bees, Ohio
or West Virginia ? Wkst Virginia.

Answers. — 1. I am not certain that I know enough
about it to give yQU a satisfactory answer. The " missing
link " spoken of by Dr. Gallup seems to be considered some-
thing like an umbilical cord. This last is the cord through
which circulation of blood is kept up between the parent
and the fetus in the womb, and how anything of that kind
can take place in a queen-cell is beyond my comprehension.
Mr. Doolittle seems to give the matter his endorsement,
which is no little in its favor, for Mr. Doolittle is usually
very careful in his statements. Scientific men remain in-
tensely silent with regard to it. I don't pretend to know
anything about it, and I may be mistaken in my guess, but
that guess is that nothing new has been observed at all,
and that the whole thing is nonsense.

2. No, it would hardly be of starvation unless the whole
colony starved, for the queen is always one of the last in
the colony to starve to death.

3. About average.

4. No particular choice.

5. Probably not.

6. About the same.

I have answered those last four questions, without be-
ing at all sure, and will be glad to have any one correct me
if I am wrong.

Best Location for Bees— Drone-Comb.

1. Which of two localities would you consider the better
for an out-apiary, one beside a very large cedar swamp, and
the other where wild berries grow fairly abundantly, and
where clover would be in reach in moderate quantity ?

2. Can one "overdo" it in removing drone-comb dur-
ing the summer ? Would it be a mistake to take away all,
or nearly all ? Ontario.

Answers. — 1. I think I'd take the berries and clover,
although I don't know much about cedar swamps.

2. Don't worry about overdoing it. The best you can
do, there will- probably be all the drones reared that you will
need. But it would be a good plan to leave some drone-
comb in a few of your best colonies, trying to keep drone-
comb out of all others. It is just as important to have
drones of best stock as it is to have best queens.

stand, being sure not to take the queen with it, allowing
the bees to rear a queen of their own, although it will be
very much better to give them a queen, or at least a sealed
queen-ceir.

S. About the time bees are working well on white clover
will be a good time in your locality. It might be a better
plan at this time to give the second story, and to put an ex-
cluder between the two stories, being sure that the queen is
in the lower story ; then removing the upper story to a new
stand ten days or so later.

Getting Increase and Not Honey.

1. I have 3 colonies of bees, and they have their brood-
combs built so unevenly that it is almost impossible to
divide them. I wish to increase in colonies, and do not care
to produce honey at present. Would you advise me to put
new brood-frames with foundation starters in the lower
story, and place the brood-combs in the upper story ?

2. Will the queen and the worker-bees start to rear in
the brood-chamber?

3. Will the nurse-bees take care of the brood in the
upper story ?

4. Can I do all this, and still increase the number of
colonies the same season ?

5. When is the best time to make this change ?

I have quite a number of basswood trees. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Yes, that plan will work, although it
might be better to fill the frames below entirely with foun-
dation.

2. Yes, after the brood-frames are entirely tilled in the
upper story the bees will build down below.

3. There will be no trouble on that score.

4. The plan proposed will hinder or prevent natural
swarming. But when the bees have fairly started in the
lower story, then you can set the upper story on a new

A tialvanized-lron Honey-Tank.

Will a tank made of galvanized iron do to put extracted
honey in to settle, skim, and then draw off into shipping
packages ? I want to let it remain in the tank only a short
time. Wisconsin.

Answer. — I think it would work all right.

Thickness of Top-Bars.

Do you believe that a half-inch thick brood-frame top-
bar will tend to prevent the bees building burr-comb on
such frames, as well as the '^-inch top-bar? Which kind
do you use? Nebraska.

Answer. — I do not believe that the J4-inch will prevent
burr-combs quite as well as the '4 • Mine are %,

Making Hives Spacing Frames— Sweet Clover-Filfierts.

1. I have some hives to make. How will it do to make
them about 13x14 inches, and 14 inches high, with the upper
story about 11 inches deep ?

2. How far apart should the frames be placed, and what
kind of lumber should they be made of ?

3. Will sweet clover bloom the same year it is planted ?

4. How old do filberts have to be before they bloom ?

Missouri.

Answers. — 1. Bees will work in almost any kind of a
hive ; but it is not wise to make one of an odd size.

2. Generally, frames are 1^ inches apart from center
to center, but some prefer 1 '2. There is no tetter lumber
for them than pine.

3. It does not bloom till the second summer, then dies
the next winter, root and branch.

4. I don't know anything about filbert trees ; if it is a
honey-plant perhaps some one can tell us about its bloom-
ing.

— <-•-•

Building a Bee-House in Texas.

I am an amateur bee-keeper, and would like to put my
out-apiaries in houses for protection against theives. We
do not need any protection against the cold here, and such a
house, single-walled, for protection against thieves, can be
built at a cost of about Sl.OO per colony.

Bees begin to get some honey here in April, but we get
no surplus until July, all from cotton. May is warm and
the bees barely make a living. June is about the hottest
month we have, and the bees get a good living and some-
times a little surplus. I know of no one that has kept bees
in a house in this State, so I ask for information.

1. Would the bees store as much honey in such a house
as in the open ?

2. Would they swarm less ?

3. Would so much shade keep them from building up
sufficiently strong for the honey-flow in July? (Note the
weather conditions here.)

4. What are the disadvantages of such a house ?

Answers. — 1. I think they would.

2. I don't know. That would depend a good deal on the
ventilation. If close, so the bees would be warmer than in
the open, they might swarm more. If thoroughly ventil-
ated, so the bees would be cooler than in the open, they
might swarm less.

3. No, I don't believe the shade would prevent their
building up.

4. I don't know anything about it from personal expe-
rience, but aside from the matter of expense I think you
might find the greatest objection would be that it would be
a hot place for you to work in.

Feb. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

107

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3D6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

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For Sale, i

For long time ago it vas a man som vas
name Adam. He vas a gooti man, an he never
had dun anyting long, but he vas decieved by
da evil sperit. an lie ete of da frute vat he vas
told not to ete. He make plenty big mistake,
an becaus of das mistake ve iss bornd sinners,
an da vorld is full of sin an misery, and ve
half to vork four ours daily bread.

Hut in von vay .\dam vos lak odder peoples.
\\:n da Lord ask him vy for he ete of da frute
vot he vas commanded not to ete, he say it
vas da voman's folt. Now, if you vil read da
bible careful you vil fine dat'Adam vas given
das commandment before Eve vas created,
and it vos Adam's an not Eve's fault. An' da
Lord cursed the ground for Adam's sake, an
so it iss even now, it iss easy to mak niistak,
but it iss plenty hard yob to lix it up lak it
vos before. An' if ve don't votch out, a lit-
tle mistake grow plenty fast, an' by and by
ve goan to bay big harvest, an" vot ve sow ve
goan to reap.

Yen bad peoples mak mistak it iss bad. but
ven good peoples mak mistake it iss lots
vorser, cause deir inllunee go so much f urder
an' du more harm.

Now, somebody mak plenty awful big mis-
take about da lection of da yeneral manager,
an' dom is all good mans, so it dun lots of
harm. Now, everyboddy vat mak dat mistak
let dom not rest till dom mak it rite. Now,
ven ay got card to vote for yeneral manager,
ay got paper vot dom call report, an it say
dom never got da mony from Abbott vot he
collect; but Abbot he pay das mony for long
time ago, an got receet vot he carried till it
soon be vord out. An' on nodder von paper
it say, Ten dom try to explain 'bout von dom
call " da late unpleasantness'' — dat is very
nice name for plenty bad ting — but it say da
directors don't can lect yeneral manager ven
it don't vas any vacancy. But, my goodness,
dom knowed dom dun it. Vy for dom goan
to du someting dom can't do? An' den be-
caus dom can't do it, dom blame Abbott for da
hoi ting. Dat iss lak little boy vot bought
gum, an after he svalered it he von't to trade
bak. Ay don't can uuderstan' vy for dom go
to so much trubble to bete Abbott.

If Mr. Abbott dun sumting awful rong let
him Stan up an everyboddy vat never dun .any
ting rong let him trow big stone at Abbott.
A> tank it don't goan to tak very big pile ma
stones to supply da demand before dom vas
all good frientis, an dom sed nice tings bout
each odder. But ven good friends vork to-
gedder to du good den Satan he sneeak up
behine an' to mak dom to disagree, an it he
can yust make dom to quvarl den ay tank he
make big laf, an rejoice. But ven Satan re-
joice den da angels veep.

Mr. A. I. (Jleanings, he bean rite sermans
for long time, an he du lots of good, an if you
tak notes all dom big bee-mans iss good mans,
an' dom iss nearly all Christians an tem-
prence mans. Dom don't even chaw tobacker,
cause dom follow Mr. A. I. Gleanings teach-
ings, an dom don't smoke corncob pipe, cause
Gleanings he giv da Clark's cold-blast smoker
so dom can keep cool. Derr is no odder bis-
nesB vat got so many Christian leaders som
bee-keeping, an' if dom vil yousl yoin hands
and file Satan den Satan vil hav to run lak
sixty. An' ve don't goan to hav any more
trouble; an ve can turn ours attention to
honey-plants an shookted svarms, an pupa-
skinniE castofiica' (little cord vot dom ty der
quveens up ven dom git too hi lifed and vant
to svarm) .

Now, ay tank all dom little bee-mans lak
Yon Yonson vot belong to N. B. K. A. should
vote vot dom tank is best, but all dom direc-
tors vot vote for an' lect Abbott before, dom
aught to vote for Abbott das time, cause dom
is honest an' acknowledge it vas all deir fault,
an' dom shud undo da rong dom allreddy dun
to Abbott. In place of trying to pull a good
brudder down, du lak da good Samaritan,
cause ve should prefer ours neighbor before
ourselv.

Now, if it bean anybody vot don't lak Yon
Yonson cause he express hiss opinion about

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

'We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sn lom 25ii> som

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 S.SO 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices snbject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILI.

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. K?ep them
laying. For hatr-hing and brood-
inj? use the bent reasonahle priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS

Im a. Banta, Ltfoiiler, IndlanA

4bA20t Please mention iHeBee Journal.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Ilives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for

3A13t \. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan,Wis.

■^ease mention Bee journal when -writing.

THE RESULTS

of the experiences of a lot of practical farmers
have been worked into Page Fence. It's a farmer's
fence, for all farm and stock purposes.
yXGK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADUIAN, MICH.
r'lea.se coentjou Bee Joxiiuai wnen wiiLin*

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods id the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders— all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

" Bees in Colorado"

I still have several hundred copies of
the souvenir with the above title. The
bee-papers and a good many people
without visible axes to grind have said
it is a valuable and attractive thing.
If you should like to have a copy, send
me a silver dime or 5 two-cent stamps,
and I will mail you a copy.

" Bees in Colorado " is the title of a 4.S-
page and cover pamphlet gotten up to boom
the Denver convention. Its author is D. W.
Working, the alert secretary of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association. It is Ireauti-
fully illustrated, and printed on enameled
paper. It is a credit to Mr. Working, and
will be a great help in acquainting those out-
side of Colorado with the bee and honey
characteristics and opportunites of that
State. — American Bee .lournal.

D. W. WORKING, Box 432, Denver, Golo.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

108

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.

1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
nd address, and one will be mailed vou FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS.— On" all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-

Dunt of 2 percent.

To parties sendincr us an order for Supplies amounting to $10 00 or more, at regular prices,
ake the following low rates on Journals: (ileanings in Bee Culture (semi-monthly) SOc;
List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.

American Bee Journal (we

^mam

is the name that stands for tlio best that can bo i..auo m
-. BUGGIES, CARRIAGESand SVKREYS

r This is our ^t^ ^ ■■ ^V ^^

SPLIT HICKORY SPECIftL $47.50

has all the special features of a »100.00 job. Spjioe does not permit description here
end it anywhere on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL to prove all oar claims!

9W cntalfxrue eives descriptiona and prices ou our full

of harnesB at wholesale [irires.

ine of exclusive styles. A full 1
OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,

Station 6, Cincinnati, Ohio.

f lease mention Bee Journal -when writjt

Ml) Keystone
...Boney-Jars

These are clear flint g^lass jars hold-
ing just one pound, and the shape of
a keystone. They are 7's inches high,
and very pretty when filled with honey.
The corks can be sunk a trifle below
the top, and then fill in with beeswax,
sealingwax or paraffin. We can fur-
nish them in single gross lots, with
corks, f.o.b. Chicago, at $3.50 ; two
gross, S3.2S per gross; or five or more
gross, at $3.00 a gross. These are the
cheapest glass one-pound jars we know
anything about. We have only a few
gross of them left. So speak quick
if you want them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

*'How to Make Money with Poultry and Incu-
bators" is the title of the new 1'103 Poultryman's
Guide and Catalog ( 1% pages', of the Cyphers Incu-
bator Co., ot Buffalo. N. Y. It shows photographic
views of the largest and most successful poultry
plants in the United States. England. Germany.
New Zealand and South America, and contains
twelve special chapters, each written by an expert,
treating of profitable poultry keeping in all its
branches, as follows: Starting
with Incubators. Handling Chicks
in Brooder. Feeding Chicks. Duck
Producing on Large Scale. Broiler
Raising, Profitable Egg-Farming.
Egg and Poultry Combination,
Egg and Fruit Farming, Scratching-
Shed House Plans. Incubator Cel-
lar and Brooding House Plans.
Feeding for Eggs, Standard-Bred Poultry, Most
^valuable book of the kind ever issued. Write to-day
for free copy, asking for book No. 50, Sixty pages
devoted to illustrated description of Cyphers Non-
Moisture Incubators, ApartmentBrooders, Poultry
Foods and Clover Products,

Please mention Bee Joiirnal wrhen *fflmtine:-

144 & 146 Erie St.

CHICAGO, ILL.

SnCbP MONET and easy to make
f you work for us. We will start you in
msiness and furnish the capital. V\ ork
|light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars,

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, llli.

GRAVING

Oar line of epray era ana appll.

I flts <

eds.

Hand, Knapsack, Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power

twfnty Btyles, f^eptnozziee
Select the useful and reliabl-. Catalog free

THE BEMIKG CO., Salem, Ohio.

WntemagtnU.Ilenion^Uiibbf a. Chicago, III.

Please Treiatio^ Bee Journal -when "WTttltil!

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

Office and Salesrooms-2146-48 Central Ave. /^ I IVT ^ I NT XT A TT I /^ 1-4 I /^
Warehouses— Freeman and Central A ves. ^ I 1>I ^ I 1>| 1>| /\ I |. VJnlw.

Please mention Bee Jotirnai wlien vrrltlna'

Marshfleld^Mannfactiiring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and thev are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. 'We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t ■ fiease mention Bee Jovirnal wlieu ■wrritiUR

vat dom call "da late unpleasantness," den
let him stan' up an ay vill forgive him, for ay
lak all dom bee-mans ijn vent dom to Ije good.
Now, ay is dun on das subject. Ay tank
you can't gess, an ay don't goan to tell you,
who ay goan to vote for eider, you bet.

Yon Yonson.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Good Season in 1902.

We had a very good season in lil02. consid-
ering our locality, northern Kentucky. I
started in the spring with 150 colonies of bees,
increased to 8.5, and took '2."i00 poimds ot nice
white honey in one-pound sections. We got
no honey last fall. Wy bees are in good con-
dition at this date.

There seems to be good prospect for a honey
crop this year. The ground is full of white
clover.

I admire the old American Bee Journal as
much as ever, P. McDowell.

Mason Co., Ky., Jan. '24.

Fine Weather for Bees.

We are having fine weather here for bees.
Nine degrees below zero is the coldest we
have had so far. The bees have had a good
flight every 20 days, and a good clean-out.

I have my bees under a good shed, out of
all the storms.

I have not had the best health this winter.
G. W. Vangundt.

Uinta Co., Utah, Jan, 24.

Fastening Foundation in Sections.

We-used the Daisy Foundation Fastener,
but I did not like the way it worked, so I
made a little change, and thought it might
help others to tell how I Hxed it. The way it
was, it got too hot for the wax and would melt
it down if one did not hurry. I nailed a tin
on the block that holds the sections, and let it
just miss the iron plate (under the plate) ; the
tin cuts off all the heat from the lamp so the
plate will not get so hot. and the heat from
the lamp cannot get to the starters,

1 thinli I have made it plain.

John Erdman.

Berrien Co., Mich., Jan 23.

Bees Demoralized Bee-Honey.

My bees were demoralized last year, as were
those of the rest of the fraternity, but I fed
them, and humored them as well as I could.
I built them a nice cellar and on top of that
a nice bee-house, so they will be in shelter
and shade, as it may be desirable.

My place on University Heights is high and
exposed to public gaze. Now the house is a
puzzle to the passers-by. that is, if they don't
come too near. Rev. H. A. Winter.

Dane Co., Wis., Jan. 27.

Wintering Bees— Season of 1903.

M.v bees did fairly well the past season —
I sold 3.") pounds of fancy-white comb honey
at \h cents per pound, from 2 colonies, and I
took out several pounds for home use. I am
wintering 4 colonies, which seem to be in
pretty fair condition. I winter my bees under
ground, just leaving an air-hole. T pile
ground first, then put sod over the top, which
I lay like shingles, and on the very top I put
an extra-big .sod, and it keeps the snow or
rain-water out, and keeps the bees dry and
warm.

liHi2 was a pretty fair season for bees in
this locality, only it was a little too cold up to
June, but the latter part was warm enough
for bees or human beings. There were plenty
of rains all summer. Hoods tearing bridges,
and the railroads and eornlieUls were all

To make c

pay, use Sharpies Cream .Separator
s,DHiryinKi Oat.212 tree. W.Chesler.P

Feb. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

109

washed out. The corn crop in this part of
the country did not amount to wry much, as
the corn all froze.

We are having a very comfortable winter so
far; it has not been 'J(l Ijelow zero yet, and
not more than six inches of snow. Last weel<
the snow was nearly all gone, but yesterday
it snowed some and to-day a little more, which
will almost make sleighing.

I do not see how any bee-Ueeper manages to
get along without the American Bee Journal.

Clayton Co., Iowa. B. F. Schmidt.

Has Kept Bees Long.

I put my bees in for the winter packed well
with chaff and ground cork. I have .53 colo-
nies. They stored only 200 pounds of surplus
last season, it being too wet or cold.

I had to teed several colonies in the fall ; I
had .5S colonies then, but when I commenced
to pack for winter I found (j colonies had
starved out.

I have kept bees for Hs years, and some-
times have more than at other times. I use
all movable-frame hives. I used to use the
U. P. Kidder hives, but have now discarded
them and am using the Falconer chalt hive,
also some Simplicity and Chautauqua, and
the dovetail. They are all very satisfactory
to me. The fence separators I do not like,
nor do I like the plain sections; I would
rather have the 4'4 by 4I4 with wood separa-
tors or even tin. I have used both kinds. The
trouble with the fence separators is. the bees
build comb to them so that when I take out
the sections a good many of the cappings are
broken, and it makes them leak.

Elisha Bailey.

F^rie Co., N. Y., Jan, 37.

Swapming-Out in Winter.

My bees are wintering finely. They had a
flight 2 weeks ago, which did them lots of
good. I had one swarm out then just like in
summer. , I did not know what to make of it
at the time; they went in with their next door
neighbor, which was a weak one, but had
plenty of stores, but when I examined their
hive i found the queen dead, and about 30
pounds of honey, so I concluded they could
not e.xist long without a queen.

F. H. Harbeck.

LaSalle Co., 111., Jan. 24.

A Fair Crop Last Year.

I had a fair crop of honey last year, but
would have gotten more if it had not been so
wet. I got KiOO pounds from 21 colonies,
spring count, and increased to 41.

Mortimer Davis.

Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 19.

Italian Bees— Smoke for Foul Brood.

I have read so much about the long-tongue
queens that it makes me laugh. The Italians
are the best workers in every respect. The
advantages of the Italian bees are:

1. They are more industrious.

2. The queens are more prolific.

:i. They can obtain honey from flowers
where blacks cannot.

4. They will not hang on the outside of the
hives for weeks and months before they
swarm, like the blacks do.

.=). They seldom sting, unless they are
roughly handled orabused.'then they will de-
fend themselves vigorously.

6. They are a hardier bee, and can stand
more cold than the blacks. I have kept bees
for the last 4.5 years, and tried all kind of bees,
but the Italian takes the lead.

7. The Italian bees swarm earlier.

I have read so much aboutclippingqueeens'
wings, and I tried it several times, but I soon
let it alone. It is what 1 call a nuisance. It
may do for an old quack doctor who has
nothing else to do, but it would not agree
with most bee-keepers. .'V clipped queen when
it leaves its hive is sure to fall to the ground,
and the ants, spiders or toads will soon take
care of her. I would rather lose a colony
than clip all the queens. I have handled bees
from childhood, and I can handle them like
flies. I can take a whole colony of bees, and

FOR THE BEST

HIVKS, S.nOKERS, EXI'R ACTORS, FO(jr«DAXIOl%-

— and all

BKE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

HigginsviUe,

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working -wax into Foundation tor VasU a Specialty. Beeswax
alnays wanted at Iiigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mention Bee Journal -when -writrnp

Ilii New Regulator

our hook and free tiial offer.

"SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.,

Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio.
*='ase mention Bee Journal ■when •wntma

JmIB^I 45D10D'" premiums tgjfiHgl

TRY IT FIRST

That's the way ^ve sell the

mU. INCUBATOR,

ROYAL INCUeATOR CO.,
Oept. 78 Des Moines, Iowa.

Counting Chicks Before^Katciiing

is not safe unless you
have an

IOWA

ROUND
INCUBATOR

K, (\ Hanerminster, Norwood. Minn., gotWSchicks
from ;.(i:t e^%'s. He foUowed directions, the ma-
chine did the worli, because it was built on right
principles and by good workmen. The lOW A
has tiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect.

IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANT. BOX I98,DES MOINES, IOWA

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

' Mh's Special the Best

Regulation dovetail with fs Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Cost.s more, but sold at
same price as regular.

J^W See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Front A Walnut Sts., CINCINXATI. OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.

38 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time

to send in your Bees-

m -4 ft ir% '♦^ '♦*■ wax. We are paying

paid for Beeswax. ^ ^i--- p- j-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

110

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

A FRIEND

chicke

Adam's^Bo'^'EXutter

6REENI
BONE
It. runs *^;i-;ily Ijecnuse it has
ball beanii^C!*. It cuts clean,
quickly and perfecly. Wakes a fine
bone shaving such as chickens re-
quire. Before you buy send for
free catalogue No. 9

W. J. ADAM, JOLIET, ILL.

ruiiU!.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested in Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

W^ool markets and Sheep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO. ILL.

£"§*! POULTRY BOOK

Low prices for birds and eKg-s. Book

postpaid, 10 cents. Calendar for 1903 on cover.
B. H. GREIDER, RHEEMS. PA.

Honey For Sale.

20OO lbs. Basswood Kxtracted bonev, at '»c a
pound. All in tiO-lb. cans. Warranted PURE
HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL,

5Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

B

ARGAIMS IN SEEDS

kinds of Vegetable and Fl.nver Seeds at 2 cents

icket. Flower Plants, h cents each. Many cliui. e

New Catalogue.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty Ihina: for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
10 wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to
introduce the subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Note. — One reader writes: "I have every
reason to believe that it would be a very g-ood
idea for everv bee keeper to
wear one [of the buttonsj as it
will cause people to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many a conversation thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less hooey ;
at any rate it would give the
bee-keeper a superior oppor-
tunity to enlig-hten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.

The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents;
or 0 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, QirlB, oldandy.iuDKtLliku.

Deu. S«nd na 10c stampa

trnpisatoworkwuh. liRAPER PUBLISHING CO.^ChicagoJIli

The Demiiig Catalog.— i'he i'.iDH cata-
log; of tlie Deming (Joiiipany of Salem, Obio,
is just off the press. As usual, our readers
will look to it to exeiuplif.v in practical form
the latest ideas in spraying orchards, vines,
potatoes, shrubbery, etc. The Deming people
have been so long engaged in the business of
making Sprayers, and their whole line has
been brought up to such high etiiciency in the
estimation of spraying people, that it has be-
come second-nature to look to their catalog to
show what is best adapted to any particular
purpose. It includes Hand, Bucket, Knap-
sack, Barrel, Mounted and Power Sprayers.
In certain sprayers of their line, notai)ly the
Century, Simplex, Peerless and Success Knap-
sack Sprayers, the mechanical agitation of
the liquid, insuring perfect mixing of poison
with the water, is worked out to a nicety. The
wide adaptatjilty and general usefulness of
the line cannot be realized without perusing
the catalog. As usual, it will be mailed to
any one writing for it. Kindly mention the
American Bee .lournal when writing them.

empty them over my naked body without re-
ceiving a sling, i stated the same thing
some 24 years ago when Mr. Newman was
editor of the American Bee Journai.

For foul brood I use hiokory-wood smoke
three times a week. Fill the hives piump full,
until it pours out of the entrance. Keep it
up from spring until tall.

GUSTAV LeUI'OI.I).

Will Co., 111., .Jan. '.).

About Half a Crop.

In 1902, from IS colonies, spring count, I
got 362 pounds of comb honey, and :il6
pounds of extracted — about half a crop for
this section of country.

The floral matter was unusually prolific,
more particularly the basswood; and just at
the beginning of the flow of the latter those
tremendous rains utterly destroyed the nectar
on which the honey crop principally depended.

We did not have that continued cold
weather in June like many complained of.

I winter my bees on the summer stands,
with winter-cases slipped over the hives,
snugly packed with leaves.

The outlook for white-clover the coming
season is great. M. N. Simon.

Wood Co., Ohio, Jan. 26.

No Nectar in White Clover.

I have seen a great deal of complaint aljout
white clover not having nectar in it the past
sea.son. I have been in the bee-business since
1S80, and have made a close study of honey-
plants. Clover will not yield much the year
it comes from seed. The young clover comes
up in the spring, and in June and July it is
growing runners, the same as strawberry
plants ; these runners take root like the
berry-runners do, until the ground is all mat-
ted over the second year when the plants have
their giowth and the whole energy of the
plant goes to bloom, honey and seed. The
blossoms come all along on the runners that
grew the year before.

In UIOl the drouth in this country killed all
the clover, and blue-grass, too. The clover
came up in full glory when it commenced
to rain last spring. Next season promises to
Ije a great one for honey in this part of the
country. The prospects are the Ijest I have
seen for 15 years. Get ready for it, and see if
your non-swarming plans fail.

Frank Voorhees.

Henderson Co., 111., Jan. 21.

The Climate of Washington.

In the "Question and Answer" depart-
ment (page 779, 1903). I notice a state-
ment which is somewhat misleading, as to the
climatic conditions of our State. The state-
ment reads thus r " It rains almost constantly
from the first of November to the first of
March.'' It is signed " Washington." Now,
as for the western part of the State, this state-
ment is no doubt about correct, but it does
not apply to eastern Washington, as we don't
have more than aljout 2 days in which it rains
or snows in a week, on an average, from Nov.
1 to March 1, or any season of the year. We
don't have any more rain here than is needed
for the good of the country.

It might be of interest to some readers to
know upon what days bees were able to fly
last winter, in this country ; I will give the
dates and temperature, as this will give an
idea of the weather that we have here. The
dates, as per diary' kept by me in connection
with bee-keeping, are as follows :

Nov. 13, packed bees for winter; tempera-
ture 48 degrees; Nov. 14, 50; Nov. 24, 4.t;
Jan. 4, 46; Jan. T, 53; Feb. 15, .50; Feb. 21,48.

After this date they usually take fretiuent
flights. I winter my bees in a long, low shed,
all boxed up except a space in front of the
entrance so they can fly when the weather is
suitable. The hives set on their stands, and
are about 4 inches apart. I use a Hill's de-
vice on top of the frames, and a gunny-sack
quilt on this; then put on an empty super,
then take a large gunny-sack quilt and spread
over the super, and press the quilt down to
the other quilt, and then fill its super with
chaff, fold the quilt over it, put on the cover.

Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars

The picture shown
herewith represents the
best one-pound jar for
honey that we know of.
It is made of the clear-
est flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and a
neat label attached, it
makes as handsome a
package as can be im-
agined. Its glass top
sets on a flat rul>ber
ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top as
shown in the picture. It
Is practically air-tight,
thus permitting no leak,
which is an Important thing with honey-
sellers.

We can furnish these jars, f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices : One gross, $5.00; two gross,
?4.7" a gross; five or more gross $4.50 per
gros

If. <u try them once you willlikely use no
other tind of top or seEtUng arrangement for
honey ars.

JEORGE W. YORK & CO.
M4 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, lUW

$ I Q.80 Fo
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy. III.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Prevent Boiiey Candying

Seat free to all. ^

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

i^^»^V\*?»^^«\«^s*sl

'\mZM\ahM\M\M'

V W^ INVITE all readers-of the Am

b7 Ml iCAN Bee Journal who seek a

0 leg-e for themselves or friends to inves- 49

« tigate &

I MouniUnionGolleoe i

tfi Our molto in all departments is "Max- 0

W imum elficieucj at minimum cost." 0

'J Our scholastic training is equal to the C

fi best, our reputation first-class. All ex- •2

% penses for a year, aside from the cloth- §

jj ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co g

^2 education, health conditions, moral and jZ

•Z religious influence, superior. JZ

g Send for catalog. g

a MOUNT UNION COLLEGE. «

vf Alliance, Ohio. •?

Please mentton Bee Journal -wtie.Ti writinjr.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than anv other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please menuon Bee Jouiurt. wmbu wntirv

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLK HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver. ) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Strekt, Chicago, III.

Feb. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

ill

pack straw all around and between the hives
and they are ready for winter. I use the S-
frame Laugslrolh hive. I have an S-inch cir-
cular cross-cut saw, with mandrel, and com-
plete outfit of this kind, also a set of carpen-
ter tools, so I make all my hives, supers,
frames, hive-stands, bottom-boards, covers,
and everything; in that line except sections
and separators.

I have the "ABC of Bee-Culture," as text-
book, and the American Bee Journal as my
helper, so 1 am very well equipped for the bee-
business.

By the way, I want to say that the coldest
weather we have had this fall and winter, is
14 degrees above zero one morning, and 16
degrees for 3 or 4 different mornings. It is
now Christmas day, ranging from 36 degrees
in the morning, to 42 degrees at noon.

Whitman Co., Wash. I.. V. Ricketts.

Management for Best Results.

Partly to disagree with the statement on
page Si3 (1902), and partly to give my own
views on wintering bees and suitable hives, I
wish to say a few words that may benefit some
beginners in my circumstances. Of course, I
am running mostly for extracted honey.

I have all S-frame hives, and will tell how I
work them to get an extra-good yield of honey
when others in this locality complain of short
crops.

1 use 2 hive-bodies, one on top of the other,
and It) frames of brood-comb. Of course, the
second hive should not be put on until the
lower hive is full of brood, which is generally
about .June 1. After the second hive is on,
put a honey-board over it, and if the weather is
all right put a third story on with extraeting-
combs. In my case the bees go up into the
third story with most of their surplus, and
the combs are always nice, white and clean.
Of course, I have plenty of hives which would
not be advisable for those with a large number
of colonies; but this is intended riiore for peo-
ple with 25 or .">0 colonies of bees.

Now, 10-frame hives would not be so good
in my case, because they are too heavy and
bulky to handle, and 20 frames are too many
for the queen to occupy, while 10 are not
enough ; 16 seem about right. The bees may
fill the two outside combs with honey — so
much'the better for winter stores.

In regard to the article on page 823, 6 brood-
combs would not be enough for most of my
queens, and 1 don't see how you can have a
strong colony of bees with so few combs, un-
less you build up with more combs, and then
take away when they are strong; that will
generally force the bees up into the surplus
apartments. But in regard to putting 6 or S
frames of honey over a hive of bees for win-
tering, that will not always work, for the bees
may starveand not find the honey in cellar-
wintering. I have four similar cases this win-
ter, where 1 had to take out the outside
frames and spread the others and put honey
from the top story down with the bees. It's
all right, generally, if the bees have been oc-
cuppying the combs all summer, but to put
honey in a top s;ory just before putting bees
into the cellar doesn't always work, unless
they are crowded for room. P. H. D.wis.

Hennepin Co., Minn.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

New York.— The annual meeting- of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 19C3.
Prof. Frank Benlou will be present and address
the meeling. An interestinj^ program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be preseni.

; Stevens, Pres.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
forua. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bam. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in
buBiness. Draper PubliBblDgCo.,Chlcago,lll.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you monev. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell BraDch, Mich.

FREE=

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raphic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round poind and writes as
smooihly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

Thi-y hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leaU or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
form widlli at all times
they are unequaled tor
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
couijmnied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pkn on
THE .Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO NEW subscribers
to tht. American Bee .Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee .Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address, f

'"^nTi'en!')'" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Pencilaria— .A New Feed. — A. A.

Besener, of Cook Co., 111., says: "The new
fodder-plant, Pencilaria, made a phenomenal
growth as compared with corn and other
plants of that species, some of the plants
reaching a height of ten feet in spite of the
floods covering my ground a foot deep during
the summer. "

This new fodder-plant seems to be attract-
ing universal attention among our readers,
and the crop is truly wonderful, as it yields
from three to seven cuttings per year from
one sowing and has produced 9.t tons of green
fodder per acre from three cuttings in a care-
fully weighed test.

The seeds are so very small that one pound
will plant an acre and still one plant usually
has 2.T to T.5 stalks growing 7 to 14 feet in
height. When it is figured that one-fourth
acre will produce sufficient fodder to support
a cow six months either for summer or win-
ter food, and that the dry hay as well as the
fresh fodder is highly nourishing, the value
of the new plant will be better appreciated.

Knowing that many of our readers will
want to try it, we liave arranged with the in-
troducers, the Iowa Seed Co., of DesMoines,
Iowa, to send a small sample (sufficient to
plant a row 100 feet long) free to any one who
wishes It. Be sure to mention the American
Bee .Journal when writing them.

S)SiQQQSQQQQQQQQQQQQOQQ'

B

IINGHAM'S PATENT

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS. 74

Chicago, J:
than usual; I1
cially as CuV
market. Thi^
a factor that r
ates the nece^
the summer ;
winter and sp
white comb
travel-staiaed
grades, 10@12
<>@7c tor ambi

Smokers

Id. 9. —The demand is not more
leuce stocks are suflicient, espe-
■a has now comb honey on this
^ is a new source of supply, and is
dust be reckoned with, as it obvi-
;sity of laying- in a stock during
md autumn to draw from in the
ring months. The best grades of
sell at 15(§il6c per pound, with

add light amber, l.^fg;14c; darker
Extracted, 7rgi8c for white, and

rs. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Jan. ".—Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb, 15 cents;
mixed, 14c; buckwheat, 13@14c. E.\:tracted,
white, 7(^i7>4c; dark and buckwheat, 7fai7!-^c.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
here. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Jan. 31. — The demand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows: Extra fancy, per case, 24 sections,
$3 40; strictly No. 1, $3 30; No. 1 amber, $3 00@
$3..I5. Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber,
uuih%c. Beeswax, 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5^@6^^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9i^c. Fancy white comb
honey, 16@l7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 29@30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co. .

New York, Jan. 23. — Demand for comb honey
quiet on all grades, and pric^'s show a down-
ward tendency. Supply quite suflicient to meet
demand, if not more so. We quote fancy white
at 15c; No. 1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(fl t3c; dark
and buckwheat, at from ll(^U2c.

Extracted also (luiet with abundant supplies
with the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at 6!^c. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from ttU@6Sc per gallon.

Beeswax firm at from 2''@J0c.

HiLDRBTH & SbGBLXBN.

Cincinnati, Jan. 20.— The demand for comb
honey h3.s fallen off, which in general happens
right after the holidays, although prices rule
as before: White clover, 15J^c; extra fancy
water-white, 16c; no demand for lowier grades.
Extracted honey is in fair demand, and sells as
follows; Amber, in barrels, SyimS%z\ in cans,
6c; alfalfa, l%c\ white clover. 1%(giS%c. Bees-
wax, 28@30c. C. H. W. Wbbek.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
n%@UHc; light amber, lu@llc; dark, 5@bHc.
Extracted, white, 6@6Hc; light amber, S§5%c;
amber, 4@4J^c. Beeswax, good to choice, lig"ht,
26@27^c; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of r^02 in the Slate at 15 cars," worth S^i'faoc per
pound at primary poidts, subiect to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

TRACTED flONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

S

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

11 present you with the first do you
take in to start you in a pood paying busi-
.Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and «lirection8 how to begin.
nRAPPB PlIRTISHINn CO.. CMcBrn, Ills.

25Atf T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich.

Plea<?e mention Bee Joumai -when ■wxitine-

5

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only H.40. It is
a fine thin^ lo preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast an they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-

°"^' OeORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144& 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

112

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 12, 1903.

ISSQQSSQQSQSQSQQIQQC)

tv^ii^Vi,^i^V!,^i^ie,ss»ja,jfi^)e.je^ie.ji^^^

r. BEE=KEEPERS,

•Z Save Money by Buying

Hives, Sections, Brood
Frames, Extractors,
Smokers, ^^^ bverything

^_^^^,^^^^ ELSE Ton NEED, OF

TttE, W. T. FflLGONER MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

J8S" Our g-oods are gnaranteed of supe-
rior quality in every way.

Send for our large illustrated catalog,
and copy of

THE AHERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
a monthly for all bee-keepers; 50c a year.
(Now in Uth year. H. E. Hn-i,, Editor.)

!*" W. M. Gerrish, E. Nottingham,
N- H., carries a full line of our goods at
catalog prices. Older of him and save
freight.

PleP'ie mention Bee Journai when ■mriting;

THE BEST

Wbite Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'jC
a pound ; 2 boxes or more (4 or more
cans), at 8c a pound. We can furnish
Basswood Honey at ]zC a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W, YORK & CO.,

144 & 14« E. Erie street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE^SUPPLIES!

rirS GOoasJ\

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

SI2 MASS. AVE. — — INOI*M«P0LIS.INO.

Please xaention Bee Journal "when iwiitina.

r'alifnt-rtia I If you care to know of iti
WaillUnild. I FrnltB, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla'B Favorite Paper—

Tbe Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltnral and Agrlcultnral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.
flease mentioii Bee Journal when writina.

f^i Dadant's Foundation

26ttl
year

We <ri1firjintpe Sat l«fflrf inn ^l^at more can anybody do? beauty,

yyc ^uctiaiiLcc .:7cti.i»idCLiuii. purity, firmness, No SAoaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETINQ.

Why

rtne« it «ell «f> Vl/fllV Because it has always given better satis-
UUCd IL SCII »W well r faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplios

OF ALL
KINDS •<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Why

You

Should

Subscribe

for
Gleanings

in
Bee-Culture

Now.

BECAUSE its editors are practical men who have had wide experience,
exercise great care as to the matter that goes into its columns, and
seek to be of real service to the readers in every way possible.

BECAUSE of the writings of Dr. C. C. Miller who is probably one of the
oldest and best informed writers on the subject of bees.

BECAUSE its articles are written by many of the most successful apia-
rists who have spent their lives in this pursuit.

BECAUSE it contains extracts from other bee-publications, not only
American, but foreign journals as well, which are interesting, in-
structive and also valuable to every bee-keeper.

BECAUSE the articles by Mr. A. I. Root under the heading of "Our
Homes " is of interest to every member of the household.

BECAUSE of " Notes of Travel " containing write-ups of visits to differ-
ent sections of the country are very instructive. Current numbers
contain articles on Cuba, and bee-keeping there.

BECAUSE it gives in each issue a revised report of the honey and bees-
wax market in the principal cities of the United States. These re-
ports are from reliable honey merchants of high standing. You will
be advised of any advance in the market, and will the'refore not dis-
pose of your honey below the ruling price.

BECAUSE Volume XXX, just completed, contained 160 half-tone en-
gravings, many of which were half or full page. These illustrated
some very interesting features in bee-keeping. We shall be as fully
as liberal with these engravings the coming year.

BECAUSE it comes twice a month. The price is $1.00 per year, $1.50 for
two years, $2.00 for three years, $3.00 for five years, in advance. Trial
subscription, C mos. 25 cents. We will begin your subscription with
January 1st number if you request it.

BECAUSE for W.OOyou may have Gleanings one year and one uBtested
Italian queen after Aprillst ; $2.00 will entitle you to Gleanings and
one untested Red Clover queen ; for $1.75 you may have Gleanings
and a copy of "ABC of Bee-Culture," postpaid; Sl.oO will secure
you Gleanings and one Standard Cornell smoker, postpaid.

The A. 1. Root Co.,

PUBLISHERS,

Medina, Ohio.

D«" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"'^i^c'L^^lt'iT

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.

Send to them for

The Iiive= Problem.

Rearing Long=Lived Queens.

DR. E. GALLUP.

AfAERICA^

Bee

. c-j o itr,
; l;^ ^ t^

^ c; ^ .

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 19, 1903.

No. 8,

114

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
Ca-E30K,C3-E3 "W. "yoK-K:.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

A New Bee-Keeper's Song- —

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey '

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by QBORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Pricks — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked J or.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St.. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thin^ to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144& 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's

NEW
^ BOOK ^

Now
Ready.

Sent) Du Return Mall

EVERY

BEE-KEEPER

WILL

WANT

A COPY.

w.

'a*^

40 Years
Among

1

DESIGN IN GOLD ON COVJ

m

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

How to Get a Copy of Dr.iMiller's
"forty Tears Amon^ the Bees."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
.book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.

r^@f@<-@<-^^^^^^^^*@<-'^'

^1861

^f^EHICA^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB. 19, 1903,

No. 8,

^ ^ Editorial. ^^ \

Shaken Sivarms. — Much has been writ-
ten and said about shaken swarms, but it may
not be amiss to give somewhat succinctly the
manner of proceeding in general, so that any
new-comer may have the desired information,
and that any others may have it for ready
reference.

Shake off part or all of the bees from the
combs, leaving on the old stand the old queen
with the bees and frames filled with full
sheets or starters of foundation. That's the
thing in a nutshell, and it is very simple,
there being left on the old stand much the
same as a natural swarm.

Yet, as to the minuti^ of proceeding, espe-
cially as to the disposal of the frames of
brood, there is much diversity of opinion and
practice. What is best for one place, or for
one set of conditions, may not be best for
another, and there is left room for each one
to use his own judgment.

Some wait until the presence of queen-cells
sbow preparation for swarming before operat-
ing. Some operate as soon as the colonies
are sufficiently strong, or the season suffi-
ciently advanced, without waiting for queen-
cells. As already intimated, some shake off
only part of the bees, others shake and brush
off all. As to what is left in the hive with
the shaken swarm on the old stand, the same
variation prevails as with natural swarms.
Some hive the swarm on starters, some on
frames filled with foundation. Some give to
the swarm a frame of brood in order to pre-
vent absconding, but this frame of brood is
by many removed and replaced with founda-
tion after two or three days.

So much for the swarm itself; now as to
the disposal of the brood. Half the bees, or
such a matter, may be shaken into the swarm,
and the brood with the remaining bees put on
a new stand, there to rear a queen, or else to
have a queen or queen-cell given them. Tn
any case all the field-bees may be expected to
return to the old stand.

All the bees may be brushed from the
combs, and the combs distributed where they
will do the most good— perhaps for helping to
build up weak colonies. A favorite w»y in
some parts of Europe is to put the combs of
beeless brood in a second story over another
strong colony, and it is said that a colony
thus strengthened will not be expected to
swarm. But this is when working for ex-
tracted rather than for comb houey.

It will be well for beginners to become

somewhat familiar with this matter, and take
those peculiar plans which may seem best
adapted to their circumstances, modifying
them afterward as experience may dictate.
Questions concerning the matter will no
doubt be cheerfully answered in the proper
department, but when making out your ques-
tions, first study carefully whether some of
them are not fully answered in what is said
here.

Ga.soliiie a.s a 3Iotor for extractors —
Editor Root has " in his head " a gasoline-
engine by which a honey-extractor may be
operated with the expenditure of not more
than a quart of gasoline per day.

Fertilization in Confinement. — Copy-
ing after the Davitte plan, R. F. Holtermann
reports in Gleaaings in Bee-Culture an ex-
periment with a tent 25 feet high and 30 feet
in diameter. The tent was close beside a
large apiary, and on the side of the tent next
the apiary were placed nuclei containing vir-
gin queens, and at the opposite side colonies
containing the drones. In each case free en-
trance at the will of the bee-keeper was
allowed for the drones and queens into the
tent, the regular outside entrance for the
workers being supplied with perforated zinc.
The drones flew freely, and seemingly at
home, in the tent, but the queens spent their
time trying to get out through the perforated
zinc, and were fertilized only when the zinc
was removed, so as to allow their flight into
the open air. If the drones could be per-
suaded to " make themselves at home " in
the tent, it seems that it ought not to be im-
possible to persuade the young queens to do
the same.

>I<>ving Bees. — It is generally understood
that while bees moved only a short distance
return in large numbers to the old stand,
those moved a long distance mark anew the
location and stay where they are put. Geo.
W. Williams thinks this is a mistake, and
says in the Progressive Bee Keeper:

While the bees are shut up in the hive, as
they must be to move them, how do they
know whether they arebeiagmoved five miles
or five rods '. They do not know, nor have
no way of ascertaining until they get out of
their hive and look around, and the old bee
that has been moved five miles comes out of
the hive, if there is no obstruction in the
way, and files direct, as she thinks, for the
old field, but finds, when too late, that she is
in a new territory, and lost, lost " tor keeps,"
while those moved only a short distance re-
turn and hover around their old stand, and
we can see tUem and note the number lost;
while those moved a long distance do not
know where to go. scatter about and perish,
and we have no way of knowing how many
are lost only by the depletion in the hive.

There are just ^s many bees lost out of a

colony moved five miles or five rods, if every-
thing else is equal. The point in favor of the
long-distance move is brought about from the
fact that in a long-distance move we "shake
and disturb the bees more than in a short
move, and the more they are disturbed the
more they will lly around the entrance at the
first coming out to see what the trouble is.

While this may be worth thinking about,
the probability is that those who have moved
bees to a distance will say that they have
never noticed any depletion in numbers, and
if it be true that "there are just as many bees
lost out of a colony moved five miles or five
rods," there ought to be no difficulty in rec-
ognizing a great diminution in numbers.

Swarms With Clipped Queens. — Do

swarming bees usually cluster on the ground
with a clipped queen '. Delos Wood and Dr.
Miller say in Gleanings in Bee-Culture that
when a swarm issues with a clipped queen
they rarely find the queen on the ground with
a cluster of bees about her; that when she
comes out she will be climbing about in the
grass looking out for herself, and in the great
majority of cases will return to the hive with-
out any cluster being formed about her.
Editor Root favors what is perhaps the com-
monly accepted view, replying to Mr. Wood :

You and Dr. Miller may be right; but cer-
tain it is that many clipped queens I have
found near the entrance of the hives, from
colonies that had just cast a swarm, and had
a cluster of bees around them. It may be that
I happened on to the " exceptions that prove
the rule."

Qiieenless Bees Carrying Pollen. —

It is probably accepted as a rule quite gen-
erally that a queenless colony carries in little
or no pollen, and it is also agreed that an
unusual amount of pollen will be found stored
in such a colony. These two things do not go
together. Close observation will probably
show that a queenless colony carries in as
much pollen as a colony having a queen if the
observation be made during the first part of
its queenlessness. But the pollen not being
needed to feed young bees, there is an accu-
mulation, and either because the bees realize
that it is not needed, or for some other rea-
son, they carry in very little pollen. So the
rule is of no value when applied to a colony
that has been queenless only a short time;
but when a colony is found carrying in little
or no pollen when others are carrying in
much, it may be suspected that such a colony
has been without a queen for some time.

Bulk Comb Honey.— Mr. H. H. Hyde
serves notice in the Bee-Keepers' Review that.
Texas will produce bulk comb honey in spite
of any effort of a National organization to
the contrai-y. He says, " I fancy that the

116

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

first thing the combine would undertake to do
would be to make a demand that the South-
western producers quit putting up bulk comb,
and go back to section and extracted honey;''
although he does not say upon what he bases
this fancy. He certainly gives a good argu-
ment against any such attempt, in the state-
ment that Texas alone produces 200 to MOO
cars each year, with a demand beyond the
supply.

It would hardly come within the province
of a National organization to "quash the
demand for bulk comb," and oblige the pro-
duction of extracted or section honey in place
of bulk comb, any more than it would come
within its province to say that section or ex-
tracted honey alone should be produced.
Perhaps, however, it may not be necessary to
object seriously to anything of the kind until
there is some intimation from the promoters
of the scheme that any such improper dis-
crimination is intended.

- VVeekly Budget. I

The Heduon Patent Expiked.— James
Heddon announces in the American Bee-
Keeper that the patent on his hive " expired
last September, and so all are free to make
and use it."

The Wisconsin Convention was held the
first week of this month at Madison. The
officers elected for the ensuing year are these :

President, N. E. France; Vice-President, J.
Hoffman; Secretary, GusDittmer; Treasurer,
H. Lathrop. Recommended as next State in-
spector of apiaries, N. E. France ; as State
Fair judge of apiarian exhibit, F. Wilcox;
committee on legislation, N. E. France; com-
mittee on St. Louis Fair, the executive officers
of the Association including F. Wilcox.

The legislative committee has a bill in the
State Legislature to amend the law of 1898,
allowing S700 instead of .*500 for the suppres-
sion of foul brood. The bill has had a hear-
ing before committees, and so far favorable.
We trust it may pass, as it is only just and
fair to the bee-keepers of that State.

The Apiart of N. Staininger, of Cedar
Co., Iowa, appears on the first page. The fol-
lowing refers both to the apiary and to itg
owner:

Mr. N. Staininger, although not yet an old
man, has had many years of experience as a
bee-keeper, having worlted with bees ever
since he was 10 years old. In those pioneer
days, if the bees all died during the winter he
would go out into the woods and find a col-
ony of wild bees, which he would capture in
order to get a start for the next year.

Even by the use of the crude materials then
at hand to aid one in caring tor bees, Mr. S.
was very successful in this line of work. He
is energetic and progressive, and a visit to
his apiary will convince one that he was not
willing to rest on his first laurels of success,
but has kept up with the times, and has been
quick to see the value, and to adopt many of
the new methods and contrivances for bee-
culture.

Mr. Staininger does not run to large num-
bers of colonies, keeping them down to 235 to
2,50.

He is also engaged in another line of busi-
ness; and it is surprising that with all he has

to do, he is able to keep everything in such
perfect order, and not allow the number of
colonies to increase nor decrease more than he
wishes. His bees show the finest marks of
the Italians. He has introduced queens to a
numberof apiaries in his neighborhood, and
they have always proven a great success.

Mr. Staininger's honey market is almost
entirely in his own town, for he is known as
a man who always has the best, and who does
a square business. He is still in the prime of
manhood, and we hope that many more years
of successful bee-culture may lie ahead of
him. E. W. CoE.

Sing a Song.

If you'll sing a song as you go along.
In the face of the real or the fancied wrong;
In spite of the doubt, if you'll fight it out.
And show a heart that is brave and stout ;
If you'll laugh at the jeers and refuse the

tears
You'll force the ever-reluctant cheers
That the world denies when a coward cries.
To give to the man who bravely tries ;
And you'll win success with a little song —
If you'll sing the song as you go along !

If you'll sing a song as you plod along,

You'll find that the busy, rushing throng

Will catch the strain of the glad refrain ;

That the sun will follow the blinding rain ;

That the clouds will lly from the blackened
sky;

That the stars will come out by and by ;

And you'll make new friends, till hope de-
scends

From where the placid rainbow bends ;

And all because of a little song —

If you'll sing the song as you plod along I

— Selected.

Amount of Honey Annually Produced
in the United States and Cuba.

At the Philadelphia convention of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association a tew years
ago, I gave a set of figures going to show the
approximate amount of honey annually pro-
duced in the L'nited States. This estimate
was based on the number of section-boxes
made and sold by all the manufacturers in
the United States, for during that year we
learned the entire output. The amount of
goods sold in various parts of the country
would also give something of an idea of the
amount of extracted honey produced. Well,
this estimate, without going into details as
to how the results were arrived at, show that
there was 50,000,000 pounds of comb honey
and 100,000,000 pounds of extracted, or a
total of 150,000,000 pounds, all told. The
actual valuation of this, conservatively fig-
ured, would be about $10,000,000.

In answer to a correepondent, I repeated
these figures, and the editor of the Pacific
Bee .lournal compared them with the United
States census report of the annual honey
crop. He has prepared a new set of figures
by putting them in such a shape that they
will be more easily understood. According
to his way of figuring, my estimate of 150,-
000,000 pounds ot honey would make 7000
carloads. The United States census report
on the same basis would make OOOr carloads,
or only 33.3 less than my estimate. These
figures are significant when we come to con-
sider the fact that they were arrived at
through totally ditTerent and independent
sources — significant because they are so close
together. But my estimate, as made three
years ago, was figured on a very conservative
basis; and the United States census report ot
181)9 probably did not take account of (ill the
honey produced. In fact, as our readers
know, I have questioned the accuracy of the
report. But either way we figure it, both

estimates are under the actual output of
honey in the United States at the present
time.

I think we should be safe in concluding
that we may estimate that the actual product
of this country is not far from 10,000 car-
loads. This seems like an enormous amount
of honey; but if one will go through some of
the large supply-manufactories ot this coun-
try, and look over their order-books, he will
have no occasion to doubt these figures. —
Editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Brood Clear to the Top-Bars.

E. F. Atwater holds the view that if there
is a slight stretching of the foundation in the
upper part of the frame, there is less likeli-
hood that it will be occupied with brood. He
says in the American Bee-Keeper :

Editor Root and Dr. Miller have been hav-
ing a lively " set-to " about brood coming to
the top-bars of the Langstroth frame. Dr.
Miller's frames are tilled with combs built
from full sheets of foundation staid with
splints; no sagging there ; so brood is much
more likely to extend to the top-bars. Root's
combs are built from foundation staid with
horizontal wires, consequently sagging all
along the top-bars, and bees dislike to rear
brood, in cells ever so slightly elongated, con-
sequently an inch or so ot honey along the
top-bars.

Mr. Yoder, of Idaho, an apiarist of many
years experience, suggested this to me, and I
am satisfied of its truth, though there are ex-
ceptions to this rule.

Stingless Bees.

A. I. Root has found them in Cuba, and
has obtained a colony from Ciriaco Guiterrez.
He found the bees under the eaves in boxes 8
inches square and "20 long. He says in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture:

The honey and pollen are stored in cells, or,
rather, bottles of wax, set upright with the
top open. These cells are large enough, some
of them, to hold, say, one or two tablespoon-
f uls of beautiful honey. They are about the
shape and size of a pullet's egg, small end up.
When filled they are sealed over. The brood-
comb is a separate affair; and as the bees are
smaller than common ones, the cells are
smaller, and the comb is Iiorizontal. Mr. G.
was kind enough to make us a present of a
hive; and while I write (out-of-doors) they
are carrying in the honey and pollen at a big
rate, close by my head. We have just opened
their hive and sampled their honey ; but they
made no objection of any sort. They keep
the entrance to the box contracted by propolis
so only one bee can get in or out at a time;
and woe betide the insect ot any sort that pre-
sumes to come near the sentinel that always
guards this doorway day and night. Should
a robber Italian presume to come near, a
dozen dart for her with lightning rapidity
and fury. Although they can not sting,
they have very powerful jaws to bite Now,
then, you would like to keep bees and pro-
duce your own honey, but fear the stings,
here is your chance. Of course, you will
have to come to Cuba, for I do not think they
will stand even Florida's cold weather. How
much honey can they gather ; Mrs. G. said
they would give, perhaps, two quarts of
honey per colony per season.

Grass for Confining Moved Bees.

In grouping my hives ready for the tem-
porary sheds ( the way we winter our bees in
western Idaho) , all known plans were tried
to make the bees adhere to their new loca-
tion, but results were unsatisfactory until we
hit on the plan ot stuffing the entrance full
of grass. Next morning when the bees find
themselves shut in, there is great excitement
until they work their way out, and few bees
return to the old stand. We believe that this
principle is of great value where bees are to
be moved a short distance. — E. F. Atwater,
in the American Bee-Keeper.

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

117

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chieag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pape 102.)
1:NFINISHED sections of HONEi'.

" If one is unable to have all the honey removed from
sections until too late in the season, will those sections be
fit for use the summer following' ?"

Dr. Nussle — They will be good next summer, if you
have them emptied, of course.

Pres. York — The question is. If one is unable to have
all the honey removed from the sections until too late in the
season, will those sections be tit for use the summer follow-
ing ? The question implies that the honey is still in the
sections.

Mr. Gerbracht — My experience in this has been that the
honey is apt to candy over winter, but the natural heat of
the bees will reliquefy this ; but such sections can be built
at the same time.

Mr. Wilcox — I rather expect some of the others here
will entertain different views from me on that subject, but
it has been my practice to use them if I fail to get them
emptied in the fall. In the spring I uncap them, place them
in the super and turn them over to the bees, and let them
empty out the honey ; immediately before the honey har-
vest commences clean them out, and when I can get them
on they will refill them, and they will be all right. I can't
see the difl^erence. It may be possible that such honey
would be more liable to granulate in the comb, but they go
on the market so early that I never know that any of them
are granulating. I am inclined to the opinion that they are
just as good, but I understand some eminent writers say
not.

Pres. York — Yes, Dr. Miller says so, I believe.

Mr. Cady — I use them right along without taking the
honey, and I see no difference in the sections ; no trouble
from granulation or anything of the kind.

Mr. Watts — I agree with that. I have done the same
thing. I have had lots of combs that were not filled. All
that it is possible to keep over I keep over, and put on my
bees in the spring, and I see no difference ; they go right on
and fill up the combs.

Mr. Whitney — It would seem to me that if one had an
extractor it would be better to draw the honey out in the
fall and save the sections for refilling, than to allow the
honey to remain in over winter.

Mr. Wilcox — Perhaps I misunderstood the question. If
they have remained over winter, of course that settles the
point.

Mr. Baldridge — In ray section of the country if they
left honey in the comb over winter it would be granulated
solid. Do these gentlemen claim that they put the granu-
lated honey on the hive, and that the natural heat of the
bees will reliquefy it ?

Mr. Gerbracht — I put on the sections that were gran u-
lated solid. I put them on as bait-sections, the best 1 had.
My intention at the time was to have them fill out the same,
but when it came to take these off there was no difference
whatever between these and those unfinished at the time.
There was no difference, all the granulation was gone, and
everybody knows that the longer honey is left with the
bees the better it gets. It was reliquefied by the bees.

Mr. Wilcox — I thought I made it as plain as I could. I
I never put honey back on the hives in the spring that was
taken off in the fall, and I don't want to be understood as
saying that. I said I uncapped them and placed them out-
side two or three weeks before the honey harvest to be
cleaned by the bees, and at the opening of the harvest place
the empty combs in the hives. If you put the fall honey
back on the hives in the spring accidentally or any other
way, they will fill around it. It would be unsalable. Of

course, I would not put honey back in the hives that re-
mained over winter. Have it cleaned in the spring before
putting back in ths hives.

Mr. Niver— I would like to discuss this subject a little
further. What kind of honey was it ?

Mr. Gerbracht— This honey was, of course, late in the
season granulated honey. As it happened, what we had
this year was the same. We had very little white honey
this year. It was mixed.

Mr. Niver— I know honey will not do it in our country.
It might stay there from July to Eternity without relique-
fying. I don't know what kind of honey he has.

Mr. Pickard — Basswood honey won't liquefy.

Mr. Niver— Are you sure that is the same honey in
there after the season is over? Isn't it possible that the
bees took that honey out and then filled it up with other
honey ?

Mr. Gerbracht— I don't question that at all. This honey
was sealed, and never was unsealed.

Mr. Niver— How ?

Mr. Gerbracht — Because they cleaned out all the un-
sealed, and almost immediately afterward honey begins to
come in and they begin to fill it.

Mr. Niver — You feel positive that they don't take it out
and seal it up again ?

Dr. Nussle — They will carry the granulated honey right
out of the sections and fill again, you know, with clear
honey.

Mr. Cady — I have had the same experience with the
gentleman who has the floor.

Mr. Pettit — Am I mistaken in saying that Mr. Doolittle
says that candied honey put into the hive early in the sum-
mer will be reliquefied before the close of the season ?

Mr. Baldridge — That's the experience I have.

Mr. Pettit — I have no experience. Those sections of
honey would be travel-stained ; they would be second-
grade. I wouldn't like them for myself, but still I think
that's what Mr. Doolittle says.

Mr. Baldridge — Those sections are put on to fill up
supers the best way possible. I wouldn't advise it as a gen-
eral practice. I had the sections partly filled, and the best
I could do was to set them back. This honey was entirely
reliquefied, and there was no way of telling that they had
been refinished.

Pres. York — Anything else on this question ? If we
only had Dr. Miller here now we would have some fun.

Mr. Simon — We put on sections partly filled that had
been sealed in the fall — we put them on in the spring.
They brought them out sealed, and what was granulated
will remain granulated, and what balance is filled out full
will form a given part, but it has been our experience that
what we put on in the spring will be fresh honey, and the
other will be old honey, and I would not put it on the market.

Mr. Baldridge — Supposing that the honey is granulated
and you don't want to take any risk. One way is to uncap
that honey, dip the sections in water, set them in a box and
put that under the hive and let the bees take it all out, and
not run any risk. That's the way I do. No trouble to get
rid of good, rich granulated honey in the comb.

Pres. York — How does the water aft'ect the wood of the
sections ?

Mr. Baldridge — Not at all.

Mr. Green — On the question of whether granulated
honey will reliquefy, Mr. Doolittle expresses himself very
strongly in the papers, saying that it would be reliquefied
on the hive, and that was within three months, I think.

Mr. Pickard — Our experience is it will not in Wiscon-
sin. They will clean it out, but it won't reliquefy.

Mr. Moore — For me, there is only one practice : Any
section to be emptied with the extractor, put the empty sec-
tion on the hive, and clean up dry, then in the spring you
have it where you want it.

Mr. Pettit — I don't wish to be understood that I would
recommend this practice of putting back old honey, because
I am sure you would have second and third grade honey
where you might easily have fancy honey in those sections.
I notice this season that from drawn sections we have sec-
tions not so well filled as sections filled with foundation at
the beginning of the season.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The meeting was called to order at 1:30 p.m.

Pres. York — Dr. Miller is here. [Applause.] Mrs.
Miller is here, too, but I won't point her out to you.

Dr. Miller— She is right there— the one with the green
waist on.

118

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

Pres. York — That is the only thing^ that is green about
Mrs. Miller, I can assure you all.

Dr. Miller — /am about her sometimes.

Pres. York — Yes, we know you are about her some-
times. May be that is one of her trials !

Others who had come in were : Mr. Clyde Cady, of
Michigan ; Miss Candler and Mr. Jones, of Wisconsin ; and
Mr. Kluck, the president of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.

The first on the program was Pres. York's annual
address :

THE PRESENT NEEDS OF BEE-KEEPERS.

It would be interesting, and perhaps profitable, did
time permit, to trace the growth of bee-keeping from its
infancy as a pastime and as a business until this present
hour. But it is not my purpose just now to read to you a
history of bee-keeping, however much I might desire so to
do, and however much I am incapable of such a task. But
we who are here to-day are mainly interested in things that
afi'ect o;/r own welfare as bee-keepers, and care not so much
as to what afi'ected or interested our predecessors.

LAWS ON BEE-DISE.\SKS.

One of the pressing necessities at this time are laws on
foul brood and other contagious diseases among bees. The
bee-keepers of every State that has not already such a law
on its statute books must work to that end. Illinois, espe-
cially, needs to move at once in this direction. There are
localities in our State where, if something is not done soon,
bee-keeping will be a thing of the past. At the com-
ing session of our State Legislature a bill should be intro-
duced and passed, so that when another spring-time comes
we may be ready with an efficient inspector to look after
the apiaries that are afi'ected with foul brood or other dread
diseases.

This Association, in connection with the State Associa-
tion, should act in this matter, and see that the necessary
steps are taken to secure the passage of such a law. We
must protect the lives and health of our bees else there will
be no bees to keep, and, like Othello, our occupation will be
gone.

ORGANIZATION AMONG BEE-KEEPBRS.

There is a tremendous lack of interest among bee-keep-
ers in the line of organization for their own advancement.
Nearly every other industry is organized, and reaping the
benefits of such get-together plans. Bee-keepers do not
seem to realize the advantages that are to be gained from
such organization. We need some Moses to lead us out
along these newer and better lines, and to show us. wherein
we are standing in our own light.

Perhaps the first and main reason for organization and
pooling our interests is to secure a better marketing of our
honey product from year to year. Too many bee-keepers
regard their honey crop as just so much extra gain— or like
finding money. They do not regard it as they do their
other farm crops, hence they rush it off to the grocery
store and accept whatever may be offered them in cash or
trade. This is exceedingly unfortunate, for too often such
foolish procedure, if at the beginning of the honey-selling
season, may be the cause of the loss of many dollars to
other bee-keepers, as it has a tendency to set the price for
the entire season.

Now. if bee-keepers were thoroughly organized such a
thing would rarely occur, and thus all would be protected,
and all reap a richer reward from their toil and honey
product.

Bee-keepers should take a livelier interest in their Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association. Where it now has less
than a thousand members it should have several thonsand.
Were such the case, bee-keepers could secure almost any-
thing they go after. But there is a whole lot of selfishness
that must be thrown overboard before the most successful
organization can be obtained. There is seemingly too
much of the feeling that each individual member will not
get in return 200 cents for every 100 he invests in member-
ship dues. We must take a broader view of things. We
must learn to have satisfaction in the general advancement
of the good of all rather than the little success of the indi-
vidual. Thus, and thus only, can we hope to raise the stan-
dard of bee-keeping and bee-keepers.

The MARKETING OF HONEY.

There is much we need to-day in the line of marketing
honey. There is perhaps little to be desired in packages,
either for comb or extracted honey in a wholesale way.
However, there might be an improvement, or more uni-

formity in the grading of comb honey. But so long as
every bee-keeper thinks his own honey, like the young fel-
low imagines his girl — the " only onliest " — just so long is
there going to be disagreement and trouble in grading. It
seems strange that it is so utterly impossible to get two or
more bee-keepers to grade their comb honey alike, but such
seems to be the fact, nevertheless. Perhaps this convention
can help in this matter, as well as in others that I suggest.

A NATIONAL HONEY EXCHANGE.

For years the American Bee Journal has discussed this
subject, which is one of such magnitude that no one seems
to know where best to take hold in a practical way. And
yet, in certain quarters, judging from what has been writ-
ten recently, some might be led to think it an entirely new
thing under the sun. But don't you believe it. A number
of our brightest minds has been meditating as well as writ-
ing concerning a honey exchange, and some day I have no
doubt something tangible and helpful will result. Surely,
something of the kind must come. Bee-keepers will have
to get together on this subject of marketing their honey,
else there will continue the present haphazard way of dis-
posing of the crop which so often demoralizes prices and
spoils what would otherwise be good markets.

But before much headway will be made in the direction
of a honey exchange, bee-keepers must have more confi-
dence in each other. They must also be willing to pay well
for expert management ; and they can afi'ord to do this,
and will do it, when they see that it will be to their financial
interest to do so.

Perhaps in no other business are there more and better
brains than in bee-keeping. Then why may we not expect
that this great question, like many another, will be solved
to the satisfaction of all concerned ?

But I must not run on, else there will be no time for
more important matters in which you are interested. I
merely desired to call attention to a few of the real needs of
bee-keepers to day, as I see them, trusting to your ability
and wisdom to devise plans as to how all the needs are to
be met.

OUR ASSOCIATION.

A closing word as to our Association — the Chicago-
Northwestern. There is no good reason why it should not
exceed in membership and good works every other associa-
tion of bee-keepers on the continent, except, perhaps, it be
the National. We have the field. We have the bee-keepers
in that field. What is needed is that every beekeeper in
the field covered by this Association shall become a mem-
ber. Don't forget that only $1.00 pays your annual dues,
not alone in t/iis Association, but also in the National as
well. This is a big advantage, and ought to be embraced
by every bee-keeper at least within a radius of 300 miles of
Chicago.

And now I trust that our present sessions may be both
interesting and profitable, and that you may all feel well
repaid for having come to this meeting.

George W. York.

(Continued next week. )

No. 2.— The Hive-Problem— Size and Shape.

BY R. C. AIKIN.

IN the previous article I said that a hive 12x12 inches, and
20 to 30 inches high, was approximately an ideal size and
shape for wintering and breeding. The reason is that
the colony cluster can, when there is a good strength or
large number of bees, easily keep warm all that is above
them, for they can cluster clear across the hive, filling it
with bees from wall to wall in all directions, and when so
touching all sides all above the cluster is bound to be warm

As indicated before, in summer the colony has filled
from the top down with honey. If the flow stopped when
half way down, there is yet much breeding-room below,
which is usually used to advantage in rearing many bees
for winter, so the colony can go in with a cluster sufficiently
large to withstand much cold, yet have plenty of stores
above them. Again, they may fill the hive to the exclusion

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

119

of much brood, then go into winter with larg^e stores at: 1
few bees, and when a few zero snaps have pinched off tho
edges of the little cluster there are not enough bees left to
make a start in spring, or, at best, a very late start, too
late to be ready for a honey-flow. A very short honey-flow
may give the other extreme — little honey and a great hive
full of bees.

Now observe that these varying conditions must always
be to contend with. It is true that an 8-frarae hive one
year may prove about right because the flow or other con-
ditions were such that about the proper combinations of
bees and honey existed. But right in the same yard and
season will be other colonies that, owing to having been
either weaker or stronger when the flow came, will be found
in very different condition, going to both extremes. In
some cases the hive has been too big, in others too small,
and all in a yard of the same stock of bees and the same
season. Then what are we to do ?

Well, there is no one thing that will meet all the diffi-
culties, and it is hard at best to avoid the troubles by com-
bining all the remedies at our command. The hive, as im-
proved from the old box or gum as describid, that is, one of
about 12x12x20 or 30 inches, has had for its object the
elimination of some phase of the difficulties, putting under
man's control more and more all the factors. It happens,
however, that we often sacrifice one thing to obtain
another ; done sometimes consciously, and sometimes un-
consciously. Let me illustrate :

With the old-fashioned box or gum the apiarist could
not so easily control the colonj' to supplant inferior queens,
nor take out stores when honey-bound, or put in more when
short of stores. Neither could undesirable combs be re-
moved. Often it was difficult to get the colony to store in
supers, the brood-chamber being stuffed with honey to the
death of the colony the next winter. In order to get combs
that could be manipulated, and overcome some of these
troubles, the movable frame was invented. Then the deep,
narrow hive did not give good results in getting super-work
done, so the hive was made shallow to get the surplus
stored above, and, as compared with the old way, the re-
sults were marvelous, and in the craze to get more and more
honey the good of the colony was sacrificed so far as future
usefulness was concerned. The introduction of the im-
proved hive was followed with almost unprecedented winter
losses, and even to this day it is a fact that the average
apiarist does not comprehend the use of hives, and the shal-
lower the hive the greater the losses, and because by the
shallow hive once the colony is gotten into condition to do
good work, it is worked for all there is in honey and imme-
diate profits, to the detriment or extinction of the colony.
Then comes the cry that the hive is a failure, and nine
times out of ten the real reason the failure comes is because
the manipulator either does not know how, or will not sup-
ply the necessary manipulation and management.

All this would imply that a hive must be elastic — be
such that it can be accommodated to conditions so as to
preserve the equilibrium of conditions, and put the whole
thing at the command of the apiarist. I know that there
are apiarists that can and do succeed with the 8-frame hive,
but it is not proved that that size is the best even with
those same apiarists. I am confident that the apiarist who
succeeds with the 8-frame can do just as well with a larger
hive, and even better. I have used hives as small as 4-
frame capacity, and up to 12-frame and larger.

I am, and have been for more than ten years, using a
hive 13 inches square, and with frames 6 inches deep. It is
in fact a sectional shallow-frame hive, and each section is
about equal to five Langstroth frames. In actual practice
two sections of this hive are about equal in working results
to 8 or 9 Langstroth frames. But the fact that the hive is
in sections makes it elastic, and I can use it any size I may
wish, and circumstances require.

r — I Suppose there is a fine honey-f.ow on, and I wish to get
all the honey possible into surplus regardless of preserv-
ing the colonies of bees, I can do it by contraction. Sup-
pose, again, that I have a quick and full ffow that is fol-
lowed by a slow one, or intermittent, I can contract for the
good flow and get the surplus when the conditions are
favorable for super-work ; then when the slow flow comes,
when one can not possibly get good results in comb-honey
work, the colony can have the brood-nest enlarged to any
size that will allow the storage of all that comes, and at the
same time allows of all the breeding the colony wishes to do,
and such colonies are the ones that go into winter in prime
condition.

Just as I have explained before, the colony run in an
Sframe hive all the year through (I speak of the brood-

chamber) will at times have too much honey and too little
brood, and vary through every grade to the other extreme.
Bees left to their ?weet will in big boxes or hives of IS to 30
frame capacity, will winter more successfully and make
larger and better colonies — ones that will send out immense
swarms, and put up piles of honey — than can possibly be
obtained from the small hives with the same effort.

It is a fact that in most localities where bees are kept,
the flow season when the surplus is obtained is of short
duration. My present field, but a few years ago, gave
almost the whole crop in about three to four weeks in June
and July. Then it was important that I have large hives
and plenty of stores in the winter and spring before the
gathering of surplus, or, if the hive was small, I must re-
sort to feeding and constant watchfulness to keep the col-
ony in the small hive from getting out of stores. I observe
from reading the writings of those in localities where there
is a supply of nectar previous to the harvest season — a sup-
ply ordinarily to keep breeding at its best — that if there be
a cold spell or any kind of weather that shuts off the sup-
ply, feeding has to be resorted to, else starvation or other
damage. I also gather that after the main flow these same
localities often have slow flows, or dark honey, conditions
that cause the overloading of the brood-combs and conse-
quent reducing of the strength of the colony. I have had
such experiences myself, and on no little scale, either ; I
know that this is a common difficulty, and usually is not
provided against by the apiarist.

It is right along these lines that come the benefits of
an elastic hive. I venture there is not one location out of
ten where much benefit could not be had by such a hive.
Of course, the apiarist must manipulate at the proper time,
and if he will not do so he would better have a large hive
all the time. The only use a hive can be is to give advan-
tage in manipulation, and the only time a small hive is
actually needed is when there is a honey-flow on that we
want in surplus ; hence, I desire my colony to have
a large hive at all seasons outside of the honey-flow that is
my harvest flow, then the colony can spread itself and go
right along with little care if for any reason I can not give
it the attention.

Returning again to a consideration of the hive I pro-
posed as an illustration in my previous article — a two-story
hive of 6 frames each story, a 12-frame hive — such a hive
will accommodate almost any colony so far as numbers are
concerned, and at the same time will accommodate any
queen with breeding- room, and have store-room to hold feed
for all the brood she can produce. There would be nothing
to prevent such a colony in such a hive from being com-
fortable and roomy ; then when the flow came on they
could be shut to one chamber of 6 frames for the short time
of the harvest, and, as soon as the main flow was over,
doubled again on 12 frames, and would take care of them-
selves through the fall and fix up a brood-nest better than
the master. Larimer Co., Colo.

(To be continued.)

Rearing Extra-Large, Long-Lived Queens.

BY DR. E. G.\LLUP.

SOME 20 years ago I was stopping at a friend's house on
the mesa, where I found 7 colonies of wild bees in squir-
rel-holes,badger-holes, and one hanging on a willow tree ;
by the appearance of the comb it must have been there
three or more years. Six of those colonies were in close
quarters. The willow-tree colony had only a small quantity
of comb, as they could not build outside of the cluster. But
one colony was in a large cavity, and had a very large col-
ony, and an extra-large queen. I transferred one hive full
of comb, set two extra supers on top, and the bees filled all
three, equal to three standard lOframe hives. All the
other six colonies had medium and some quite small queens,
and a small quantity of bees. This large colony had, no
doubt, been there several years, judging by the appearance
of the combs, and had superseded and reared queens to suit
the capacity of the hive. The cavity was small at the top,
and all the comb was worker-comb, and dug out in the sides
of a baranca in black adobe soil. Now, Eastern people will
perhaps wish to know the meaning of mesa and baranca.
They are Spanish or Mexican words. Mesa means an ele-
vated flat piece of land; baranca means what you would
call a gully, washed out by heavy rainfall. I have seen
them SO feet deep, and the wall perfectly perpendicular.

Our California squirrels live in the ground, and are

120

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURISAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

about the size and shape of your grey and black timber
squirrels. They destroy tons of growing- grain and other
stuff. A 20,000-acre ranch paid a man 25 cents per acre for
destroying them with poisoned wheat.

A man came for me to take some bees out of his house.
My son did the work, and I superintended. They were in a
cavity under an upper veranda about 8 feet long and 4 feet
wide. They had first built at one side of a division-board
placed there as a brace. They had been in there four or
five years. They extended their combs back, and finally
■ built on the other side of this board. We took out about
100 pounds of good honey— 60 pounds of good, white orange
blossom honey gathered last spring. Every cell was built
worker size. Here had evidently been one of those large
queens and large colonies, but for some unaccountable rea-
son the bees had dwindled to but few in numbers, and no
queen or brood of any description. You can readily see
that Mr. Alley had nothing to do with rearing those queens,
neither had Gallup anything to do with his ignorant and
bungling introducing. " How did it happen ?" Read care-
fully Mr. W. J. Stahmann's article on page 776(1902). He
says : " In several generations the egg-laying capacity of
queens can be increased, and, on the other hand, if kept in
small hives the tendency is to degenerate and lessen the
capacity of a prolific strain of queens." Positive fact.
That article hits the nail right on the head.

Now, Mr. Alley says he always selects his best cells
and very best queens to send to his customers. Now, my
friends, if you will use extra-large and prolific queens, and
extra-large and strong colonies, as I have described, every
cell built at swarming-time, every queen hatched out will
be first-class, long-lived, etc. There need be no selection
as there is in cells and queens reared in small nuclei. If
you wish to deteriorate your stock of bees to the lowest
possible degree, rear your queens in the above manner for
a series of years. On the other hand, if you wish to rear
them up to the highest possible standard of perfection as
to prolificness, longevity, etc., use extra-large hives and
colonies. In that manner, and in no other way that I know
of, can we improve our stock. As Mr. Stahmann says, we
can make a wonderful improvement in a series of years.
There is no mistake in the fact, for it is a fact, and a posi-
tive fact.

This theory will apply to the improvement of stock,
vegetables, trees, etc. Who would think of making the
improvement that has been made in stock by the deteriorat-
ing plan that Mr. Alley recommends — insufficient nourish-
ment, warmth, and all the necessary requirements for
success ?

Here is an illustration in the vegetable kingdom : On
the next block to me two ladies each set out a banana plant
last spring. The one spaded up the ground for quite a dis-
tance, spaded in a liberal supply of well-rotted manure, has
stirred the ground repeatedly, and given a good supply of
water. The other plant was set in a small hole, the ground
all around the plant hard and dry ; it has been watered only
occasionally. The first-named plant is in an extraordi-
narily flourishing condition, while the last-named is only
about one- fourth as large. I measured one leaf on the large
plant Dec. 1, and it measured 8 feet long and S feet 7 inches
broad in the middle. Now, which plant think you will give
the largest cluster of fruit when it comes to bearing ?

Let us contrast the extra-large hives, large queens
long-lived, and long-lived workers, with the small 8-frame
hives, small queens short-lived, and short-lived workers,
and see how we come out. For queens and workers reared
on the nucleus plan are short lived when compared with those
of the first-named class. The extra-large colonies are
always in a condition to take advantage of a honey-yield
whether late or early, unless the apiarist has deprived them
of all their stores at a season when he ought not.

Our orange-blossom yield comes very early here. See
the case of the large colony gathering 60 pounds of orange-
blossom honey mentioned above. You see they were in a
state of Nature— neither Gallup nor Alley had ever tinkered
with them.

Now, we will take the small hive with the nucleus-
reared queen. Karly in the spring the colony is weak in
numbers because they are so short-lived. The first move
they have to make is to rear brood to replenish their num-
bers, and by the time their numbers are built up the season
is passed and nothing stored, and if there is another yield
the bees are in a starving condition and must be fed. Now,
I hold that a large natural colony is self-sustaining at all
times, even in our dryest seasons. For I never have seen
the season that there was not a short flow from some source,
and your large colony with long-lived bees is in a condition

to fill up in a very few days. I never could see the propriety
of having an extra-large number of colonies on hand, if
one-half or more were productive. Why not reduce the
number and have all productive, and produce more honej' ?
If all can not be brought (approximately) up to the standard
of perfection, please give the reason.

Orange Co., Calif.

I Our Bee-KeeDin§ Sisters l

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, 111.

That Much-Talked-of Hat-Pin.

In regard to that oft-referred-to hat-pin, it was only a
plain, black-headed hat-pin. Nothing unusual about it
that I know of. I am going to try a white-headed one next
summer, to see if it afi'ects the bees the same way.

Mr. Whitney, if your locks were only long enough to do
up on top of your head, you would find a deal of comfort in
that same hat-pin, aside from giving the bees something to
play with.

Cotton-Waste foF Smoker-Fuel.

We have used cotton-waste for smoker-fuel a good deal
— such as has been used for journal-packing on car-wheels.
It is easily lighted and burns well ; it also lasts well. I
never liked to handle the stufl^ very well, and it has a very
disagreeable, oily odor. When smoking bees out of sections
we were afraid to use it, for fear it would spoil the flavor of
our nice, white sections of honey, but at other times it is
excellent. It is, however, not always easily obtained.

Dead Bees on the Cellar-Floor.

Are you keeping the dead bees swept up in your cellar?
Better do it. It will help to keep things sweet and clean.

We would not like a lot of dead people lying around on
the floors of our homes. I don't believe the bees do, either.
How promptly everything objectionable is carried out of
their hives when they are out-of-doors, able to fly, and do
their own house-cleaning.

If it happens to be anything too big for them to get out.
they will cover it over with propolis. They keep everything
dainty and sweet about their premises. Too bad to make
them suff'er bad odors when they can't help themselves.

Another thing to be taken into consideration is the
health of the people living over the cellar. To live over a
cellar with foul odors is not the healthiest thing in the
world ; and our own health ought to be reason enough for
keeping it clean, even if we cared nothing for our bees.

Cleaning- Out Unfinished Sections and Frames.

I agree with Mr. Bevins in his plan of cleaning out un-
finished sections. That is the way I have done for two
years, only on a smaller scale. The only difference is, I
have not used the burlap over them, which is a good plan
where there are a good many, but as I did not have so many
I would not have thought of doing so. I put in the supers
four or six of the section-holders, and then set the super on
the hive, then uncapped where the honey was, and set six
or more about on the holders, then put on the cover, and the
bees did nice work for me. I did not put them close to-
gether so they could get at them all over. I would take
them out when clean and put in more, so they have done
good work for two years. In that way, as Mr. Bevins says,
the colonies that need it get it, and no chance for robbing,
•as the other bees do not know it is there.

I told in a previous article of uniting my bees and put-
ting the frames that had honey in on top of the ones I
united. I got them all cleaned out as nicely as the sections,
and some of the frames I gave to others that might need
more. So I have a nice lot ready for use when the time
comes to need them.

I write this for the sisters who, like myself, are doing

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICiSN BEE JOURNAL.

121

a small business with bees; it is not for those who have i
large bee-business ; they know all about it.

jThe gentleman who thinks a woman can't drive a nail
is very much mistaken. I have made all my hives ever
since I have had bees. I made them out of dry goods boxes,
at that, for they were much cheaper than other lumber, and
my means are limited.

Now as to the one who is stopping the paper in the win-
ter. I think she will miss it, for that is the time when bei-
keepers will have more time to give their experiences. I
could not think of doing without it, especially since the
sisters have a department. I look for that the first thing,
and must see all the headings. Some time I will tell the
sisters how I dressed at first, and how I dress now, and how
I water the bees early in the spring to keep them from get-
ting chilled.

I suppose I am about as old as any of the sisters, as I
am in my 79th year. Mrs. S.\rah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J., Jan. 30.

Seventy-nine years old, and makes all her own hives
out of drj- goods boxes ! Mrs. Griffith must be able to use
a saw as well as a hammer. Who can beat that record ?
We shall look with interest for her further communications.
It is pleasant to know that a practical bee-keeper of her age
enjoys the new department.

Fop Chapped Hands.

To make a salve for chapped hands take an ounce of
yellow beeswax and olive oil and melt them together slowly
on the stove or in the oven. Pour into a couple of egg-
cups which have previously been wet with cold water.
When the salve is cold turn it out and it will be ready for
use. — "Health and Beauty " Department, Daily News.

Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasaes.
By E. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

EXPERIMEXTIXG WITH CATNIP.

Tlianks to Mr. J. E. Johnson for putting an acre in catnip.
Of course he must tell us how it pans out. Hardly do to
assume, as he does, that catnip is proven to be an abundant
yielder at all times by the mere fact that bees nearly always
seem to be on it. In time of dearth bees ^viIl work for a
small fraction of a yield. Mr. J. will be of decided interest
and value to us, if he lives up to his program, even in a nor-
mal location. What is wanted is a ten-acre island five miles
out from a pleasant coast — apiary on the main — and a single
good hive taken out just when something experimental prom-
ises a yield. Page 23.

FEW OE MANY BEES EEAKIXG A QUEEN.

We grant it, Mr. Alley, that bees that earnestly want a
queen will do the best they can, whether they be few or many ;
and that bees half undecided in mind whether to finish rearinir
the brat or to pull her out, and eat what the cell contains.
they maj- not do the best they can. The result in the latter
case is not likely to be an article to go in the first class. I
think, however, that the question of outside temperature
nights and odd times jumps to very great importance when-
ever the bees are very few. (See also Adrian Getaz. page 55,
on this point. ) Mr. Alley may be pretty nearly right in the
rare case of ten days of unbroken higli temperature, and plenty
of all kinds of food at hand in the hive. Page 24.

THE SLLGGAItD'S BEE-E.SCAPE.

Lazj- man's bee-escape (not knocking J. M. Young, pagi-
29) : wait till cold weather and pull the top all o(T at niglit.

CHARM AND nESPAIR OF !!EE-KEEPIXG.

You can't solve it like a mathematical problem and hav('
it forever done with. If you assume that you have done so,
you'll get left some time, sure. This was inspired by the fol
lowing good sentence of yours, dear Boss: "Therein lies thir
charm, and at the same time the despair, of bee-keeping. "
Page 35.

Yes, spare the kingbirds because they chase hawks — and
spare the hawks because they eat mice — and spare the mice
because they eat the worms in our combs — and spare the
worms '(MU.se if the bees didn't ha\e 'em to contend with they
would get shiftless, and lose their vim and go. At last ac-
counts mosquitoes may yet be killed. Page 35.

HIVES WITH PORTICO AND SLIDING SCREEN.

Nice — the way Mr. Iloltermann has things, page 38 —
every hive with a portico and every portico with a sliding
screen. When nothing honest is doing, and you want to open
hives, ever}' colony not under manipulation can be shut in.
This can sometimes b<' done witliout their knowing it, and
with the minimum of worry on their part when they do know
it. Some would decide that the extra cost an<l work of making
such hives and the care of keeping them ready to spring at any
time would be too much. That is, too much for the few cases
they would actually use the device, in their style of doing
things. Law unto himself, each bee man must be, in such
decisions.

WHAT AND HOW TO READ.

Mr. Doolittle, on page 39, was just right in telling us
not to waste our time and' addle our minds (and .souls, too,)
as some incline to do when business is slack. He was right
also to urge the reading of bee books and papers in a more
deliberate and systematic way than possible in busy times —
the re-reading and comparison of them. Still, let me lead on
a little further. Can't you chop off a magazine or two, which
are merely pretty, and «adly near to being nothing else, and
give some earnest hours to reading real and up-to-date infor-
mation? Take one of those magazines which scan the whole
field of human research and human life and give a succinct of
it weekly. So far as I know there are but two (both New
Y'ork ) , The Literary Digest, and Public Opinion. If you get
a sample of each you will see which one it is you want.
"Knowledge for its own sake'' is a drum I incline to beat on
pretty loudly. If you have considerable acquisitions outside
of bee-lore you'll be wiser in bee-lore too. Each kind of truth
heljis each other kind — helps it to expand the mind and make
a broad, mellow, ripe man. Ah, me! but oft it tears things up
fearfully in the process.

"A HUNDRED YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

So Dr. Gallup knew queens, and presumably beans, as
long ago as 1835. If he holds on a bit he'll be able to write
"A Hundred Y'ears Amonsr the Bees.'' Page 40.

is,ja,ja,ja,.js,jaM

CONDUCTED BY

r>R. O. O. MILLEIt, Afareng-o, ni.

[The Questions may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail. — Editor. 1

Queen Died on the Alighting-Board.

This (February 2) has been the best day for flight that
our bees have had since before Thanksgiving, and they have
taken full advantage of the opportunity. I have one colony of
beautiful Italians, and to' my grief I found the handsome
queen lying struggling in death on the alighting-board. She
lived possibly fifteen minutes after I discovered her. 'What
was the probable cause of this? Tlie colony has always been
healthy and has done fine work for two seasons. The queen is
two years old. It is possible that a younger queen is still in
the hive? How early should I give them brood, or introduce
a new queen? "Wrexam."

Answer. — It is hard to tell why the queen was killed.
It is, of course, possible that there is a young queen in the
liive, but I'm afraid not. Let tliem alone till bees begin to
fly nearly every da}', and then give a frame of brood, unless
you find brood already present. If they start queen-cells, you
may be pretty sure there is no queen pr,?sent, and then the
sooner they have a queen the Ix-tter ; perhaps the best way
being to unite them with a weak colony having a laying
queen.

122

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

Wants Honey, Not Increase— Locality and Size of Hive.

I have fifteen colonies of hybrid bees in 8-frame hives from
whicli I would like to take as much comb honey as possible
next season.

1. Which do you think would be the better plan, to let
each colony swarm once, thus doubling the number, or pre-
vent swarming altogether?

2. What do you consider the best method of keeping bees
from swarming? The plan I have followed was to keep cut-

' ting out the queen-cells every six days.

3. Do you think locality determines the size of hive to be
used? Some say the 8-frame hive is the best for this locality.

Michigan.

Answers. — 1. That depends on circumstances. In any
place you will probably get more honey if you do no increas-
ing, providing you start the season with all the colonies the
locality will support. If the locality will support more bees
than you have, you will still do better without increasing if
your harvest closes early. But if you have a good flow late
enough so that when a colony swarms both the swarm and the
mother colony will have time to build up strong for the late
flow,-then it will be better to have one swarm from eaeh\ colony.

2. Perhaps the plan of making a shaken swarm is more
in favor just now than any other, especially when working for
comb honey.

2. Not only locality, but the honey-flow, and the manage-
ment, make a difference as to whether an 8 or 10-frame hive is
better.

Honey-Extractors — Frames— Supers-Foundation, Etc.

1. I notice in a catalogue that the Cowan honey-extractor,
No. 15, is made for the Langstroth frame, of which the top-
bar is 18 J inches long and 9 J inches deep. My frame top-bar
is 18* inches long and C inches deep. Can I extract from this
frame in that size extractor?

2. I am going to buy an extractor. Would you advise me
to buy a No. 15 Cowan?

3. Do you think a frame of that size is a good extracting
frame ?

4. Last year (1902) I was producing comb honey, and
my bees stored about 60 salable sections. Now, I want to
know how many supers, 8-frame, I ought to have ready?

5. Does a frame of this size require wiring?

6. How many pounds of foundation will it take to fill 200
frames of that size?

7. How far from the bottom-bar ought it to be?

8. How far from the end-bar? Oregon.
Answers. — 1. Yes.

2. Unless you expect to use frames larger than the Langs-
troth I think you will find it will suit your purpose all right.

3. Yes, 6 inches is a good depth for an extracting-frame.

4. You do not give sufficient data upon which to base an
answer. If I understand you correctly, you had last year an
average of 60 salable one-pound sections per colony. But you
do not say whether that was an unusually small, unusually
large, or an average yield. If that is an average yield, the
probability is that you ought to have for each colony not
less than three extracting-supers containing frames such as
you describe. You should figure to have enough to meet the
needs of the best year.

5. You can use a frame 6 inches deep without wiring,
but it will be better with it.

6. That depends on the kind of foundation you use. If
you use light brood, it will take something like 17 pounds.

7. About i inch.

8. It may touch the end-bars, and at most should not be
more than i inch from them.

Doolittle's Comb-Honey Management -Ripening Honey.

I am studying Mr. Doolittle's book on ^ientific Queen-
Eearing." In the back part of it he tells how he does the
work to produce comb honey. I cannot understand all of it,
and it seems to me that he uses a different hive than we do,
perhaps. We use 8-frame Langstroth hives.

1. Does he put only one super on a hive during the whole
honey-fiow?

2. On page 126, what does he mean by shutting the bees
out of the side boxes? We could do nothing of the kind, as I
understand our hives.

3. What does he do with his sections, to ripen the honey.

and not have the moths get into it? As I understand him,
he takes away all the capped honey once a week, or oftener, if
needed.

4. He says, raise the cases, sections and all. Does he
mean raise a section-holder full of sections? We use the 4 J
by 4i by U section. Any explanation that would make it
plain would be appreciated by me.

6. Will honey ripen as well kept in a store-room as if kept
over a colony of bees? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. If I am not mistaken, Mr. Doolittle, in his
excellent work, is speaking of the Gallup hive, which he for-
merly used chiefly if not entirely. I think he is speaking of
one super on a hive, using something like wide-frames in these,
but he also uses part of the lower story to receive these wide-
frames at each side.

2. I suppose that when he speaks of shutting the bees out
of the side-boxes he means the spaces in the lower story at
each side of the brood-frames. Of course you could do noth-
ing of the kind with 8-frame Langstroth hives.

3. He puts the sections in a honey-house with black walls
and roof, where they will be kept very hot by the heat of the
sun. As to wax- worms, with the kind of bees he has (an ex-
cellent strain of Italians) the likelihood is that he need pay
no attention to the moth or its larvse. Formerly, when he had
more black brood among his bees, I think he fumigated his
sections about every two weeks.

4. Yes, he means raise a frame or ca.se full of sections
from the lower to the second story.

If I have in any way misinterpreted our friend, Mr. Doo-
little, I hope he will set us straight.

Wlien to Order ttueens— 8 vs. 10-Frame Hives.

1. I desire to send for three Italian queens for spring or
summer. At what date ought I to order them sent to me?

2. Please give the advantages and disadvantages of 8 and
10-frame hives, respectively, for use in Northern Illinois? I
find but little in text-books, to which I have access, on the
merits of 8 and 10-frame hives.

3. Do you confine a queen to eight combs, or do you some-
times, in the spring, place one hive-body and combs on an-
other, and allow a queen to use 16 frames for brood-rearing,
or a larger number than 8 frames?

4. Is it practical to allow a queen to occupy more than 10
frames for brood-rearing? If so, how is it managed?

IlilNOIS.

Answers. — 1. That question may be understood in two
ways. You may be asking as to the date when you shall order,
cr the date when you want them sent. In any ease you will do
well to order some time before you want the queens sent. If
you have "money to burn," and care nothing about price, then
put in your order right away for tested queens to be sent you
about the middle of May, or as early as you can have a good
place to put them. If you think it advisable to send for un-
tested queens, then order them to be sent about the middle of
June. It will be dilBcult for j'ou to get them before that, and
if they are reared much before that time there will be some
doubt about their being quite as good as later-reared queens.
If you don't mind sending a distance, j-ou may be able to get
them from the Sovith a month earlier.

All this is on the supposition that you want to get all
the benefit from them this year that you can. But it would
have been still better, in order to get the best results from
them this year, if you had had them sent last July, August or
September. I would a little rather have a queen reared during
a good honey-flow, and it is easier to get them then at a fair
price.

2. It takes less watching and manipulation to get and
keep a colony strong in a lO^frame hive, and to keep them
from starving. The smaller hives are lighter to handle, take
up less room, and sometimes a colony can be got to work
soonfr in a super if in the smaller hive.

3. If I were not allowed in any case to give a second story
to give a queen room, I certainly should not think of using
8-frame hives. If possible, I should like alw.ays to have every
colony so strong before the harvest that it would need a
second story.

4. It is managed by simply adding a second story below
just as soon as the first story is filled, or a little before that
time. Many a time 10 frames will not be enough, and 15 may^
be needed. But when siipers are given, each colony is reduced
to one story.

Feb. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

123

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Prospects for a Good Crop.

I h<->(J .1 short crop last season, 3,000
■pounds from 90 colonies — J,,soo pounds of
extracted and 500 pounds of comb honey.
I put 1 10 colonies into winter quarters.
We are having a fine season, and things
look now as though we may have a good
honey crop in 190J if the Mexican^ boll
weevil does not cut off our cotton flow.
If it does, it will be hard on us in this
part of Texas.

Later I will write something on foul
brqod in Texas, and how I manage it.
I have not had a case of it in three
years in my apiary. LoN RossoN.

Ellis Co., Tex., Jan. 17.

Bees Winteping All Right.

I have 70 colonies of bees in the cellar
and they seem to be doing all right.
The prospects for honey the coming sea-
son are good. George A. Ohmert.

Dubuque Co., Iowa, Jan. 30.

"Shoestring" as a Honey-Plant.

I take much pleasure in looking at the
illustrations and readings of the differ-
ent honey plants. As I see nothing men-
tioned of the "shoestring" as a honey
plant. I will send a specimen. It com-
mences to bloom about July i, stays in
bloom for about three weeks, and yields
abundantly for about ten days. I had
one colony that gathered 60 pounds of
honey while the shoestring was in bloom
the past season. The plant grows from
12 to 20 inches high, and has from 6 to
10 heads on the stalk. It grows on the
prairies abundantly in this part of Ne-
braska.

I had a colony of bees that I divided
and got 160 pounds of honey from the
parent colony, and each had ten frames
well filled in the brood chamber for win-
ter stores. My bees are a cross between
Holy Lands and Italians.

I like the American Bee Journal very
much. James Sanford.

Wheeler Co., Neb., Jan. 28.

Poor Year for Bees— Shade-Board.

Last year was a very poor one for bees.
I got only 145 pounds of honey from 10
colonies and increased to 15. But like
the rest of us, I have hopes for a better
year.

Three 12-inch boards, each 36 inches
long, cleated at each end, make a very
good shade-board, as I have found.

G. B. Williamson.

Jones Co., Iowa, Feb. 5.

Forced Swarming.

My ! how it is snowing at this writing
— ^3 :40 p. m. — and I can find nothing to
do but to interview the heaps of bee pa-
pers (.^MERiCA.v Bee Jolr.mal. a weekly
visitor) which are stacked up in my book-
case.

Yes, and the way those two jolly bee
veterans cross swords is fine. Sail in.
for 1 love a battle of royalty when there
is a queen at stake.

I wonder if you had not better be care-
ful in making brushed swarms before they
start cells to supply the wants of the
parent colony, or there may be a fore-
runner of profligacy in the parent colony,
unless supplied with royal cells, or a
queen from no less than royal cells. Did
our veterans ever discuss this question?

J. T. Hairston says, on page 55 : "As
to forcing before or after cells are started.

PERSONALtoSUBSCRIBERS

w

K \Vl\A. 8KNh

od thii
till

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time after ret-eipt, if tlu- receiver <-iim t
till- drujfs und (lope.-* uf iiniicks or muni ti
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and requires about twenty years ii.r <>
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111 water, drunk fretth iit
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This offer will challenge the attention and coneideration. and afterward the gratitude
person who desires bi*tter health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases wirchhave defied the raedn-al world
and grown wor»e with age. We care not for your skeptit-ism, but ask only your invcsiigatlon. Hud ut our
expen>e. regardless of what ills you have, by sending to us for a package. You nuiMt not writr on a postal
card. In answer to tliie, address.
SE3t THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dept J. P„ 527. S20. 53* W. North Ave., Chicago, III.

FTease mention Bee journal when vnitlna

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HIVES, SnOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOi;i\l>AXIOlir-

AND ALL

BEE-KKEPKRS' SIJPPL.1ES,

vine, 1730 S. 13th Street,

Omaha, Neb.

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
nd Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Bees'wax

Dittmer's Foundation !

Retail
the thinnest base,
other make.

%Voi*king Max into PoiandatioD for Cash a Specialty
al^vays tvanted at liigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writmp

GOLD

and SILVER

nderfiil new Gold and
Flow«ris the best flural
lovelty fur lUua. Never before
iFered in tie U. S. and cannot
e obtained elsewhere. Large
ilvery white, intensely double
ower with center of gold. Must
eseen to be appreciated. Price
5 cents per packet, but if you
before March 15, the addresses of three persons
who cultivate fl-i\\ers, and two 2 cent stamps, we will send you
a full sized packet to pay you for your trouble. Also a codv oI
our large.beautiful catalog, containing hundreds of ill
many choice novelties and bargain prii.
on seeds, plants and bulbs, mailed free
you mention this paper.

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

wHIs

FREE

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon. These g-oods
aree<iual to if not the best on the market. Give
us a trial order. We are also agents for the
Progressive Bee Kkepek, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

$300,000,000.00 A fEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that sum. Send 10c for eatuples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

business. Draper Publishing Co.,ChlcaKo,lll.

Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying- from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolau Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mentioa Bee Journal Whoa 'wrlUnfi*

124

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.

BEB-K:E!BFER,S' SXJFFLiIBS.

1903 Catalog Ready.— if you have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and address, and one will be mailed vou FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS. — Onall cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
count of 2 percent.

To parties sending- us an order for Supplies amounting- to $10,00 or more, at regular prices,
we will make the following low rates on Journals: Gleaning-s in Bee Culture (semi-monthly) 50c;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c. List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.

Way ^^

\e^

Every Day

1905. the Union
One-Way Colo-
t h e following ^

From February
15 to April 30,
Pacific will sell
nist Tickets att
. rates: : : : ; ;

FROM MISSOURI RIVER

$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City.
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.
$22.50 to Spokane and Wanatchee, Wash.
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New Whatcom,

via Huntington and Spokane.
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma and Seattle.
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene, Albany

and Salem, via Portland.
$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Ageles and many

other California points.

E. L. LOnAX,o.P &T.A.

Omaha, Nebr.

hu;ginsville bee-supplies.

We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market, (iive us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Pkc<;kessive Bee-
Keepek, price 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us'. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.

WALKER-BREWSTER CRO. CO.,

423WAL.NUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.

Also dealers in honey and beeswax. Catalog free

Don't Pay Double.

Please meutlon Bee Jourual
whe« writing advertisers.

1

' Muth's Special the Best

Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

US'" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Front & Walnut Sts., CINCI NNATI,"OHIO.

Please Meutiou the Beejouraal lSv?rSS?sf....

it doesn't make any diHerence ; only if
the apiarist has as many colonies as he
■n'ishes. he should force only those that
have cells started, as they would swarm
anyway." Now. Mr. Hairston. I challenge
that statement (mind, in a friendly way),
that is, if you do not comply with the
aforesaid reasons. If you left the parent
colony with either queen or cell they
would be forced queens that had hatched,
and not hatched as Nature intended. For
Nature forces nothing, but everything ex-
ists simply because it is needed.

Now, to illustrate this theory : You are
expecting to go away in two days and
you must fit up 3,000 sections with full
sheets of foundation, as you will not re-
turn until after it is time to put them
on. You get the foundation, and you
find you have only enough for about 500,
that is, if you use full sheets, but you
cannot, as you will not have time to get
any more, and you must fit up all of the
sections with some foundation. Now
what? Why, you are forced to use start-
ers. Had you known in time, you would
have been prepared and had plenty of
foundation for the 3.000 sections, and
could have used full sheets, and by doing
that you see you could have done as you
intended, instead of being forced to do
something that you did not intend to do.
Robert J. Gary.

Fairfield, Co., Conn., Jan. 26.

Poorest Season in 20 Years.

The last season was the poorest one
for honey we have had in this locality for
over twenty years. No honey in this lo-
cality, and bees that have not been fed
will all starve before spring, I think. I
fed mine too late, and I am afraid they
will not winter very well. C. Job.

Putnam Co., Ind., Jan. 17.

Prevention of Increase.

.•Vs soon as I see a colony preparing
to swarm, as indicated by starting queen-
cells, I smoke or drum on the hive to
cause the bees to gorge themselves with
honey. I then lift the hive from the old
stand and put a new hive on the old
stand, prepared as follows : Put two
frames of honey, one in each end of the
hive (I use the Gallup frame), then fill
the hive with drawn comb, or full sheets
of foundation ; now" put a sheet of wire
cloth on the new hive, and the old hive
on top. Put the queen and shake most
of the bees into the new hive, cut out all
queen cells, alow a small entrance to the
upper hive, close the hive up snug and
warm, and the job is done, until the
brood nest below is well established,
which will be in about ten days. I then
take a look for queen cells that I fancy
are present ; I cut them out, then the
wire cloth is removed and a queen-ex-
cluding honey board put in its place. I
have tried putting the brood above the
queen excluders, but it gave very poor
results, the bees seeming to rush up to
the brood, and I think they killed the
queen because she would or could not go
there also. J. M. Cruicksh.\nk.

Ontario, Canada, Jan 26.

Bees Probably Lost from Spraying.

Five years ago I had 50 colonies of
bees, fall count. The following summer
I lost 17 colonies. They came through
the winter all right, were very populous
and did extra well until apple bloom
came, when I began to notice a decrease
in the bees. One colony, in particular,
which w-as in an improved Simplicity
hive and about ready to swarm, had a
good start in the super, a fair size swarm
hanging- on the outside of the hive, when,
all at once, during apple bloom, there
were no bees on the outside of the hive
and none in the super. The colony did
not die, but did notliing since then, until

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

125

last summer it partly tilled a few sec-
tions, and stored all the honey they will
need this winter. .'\s noted, the in-popii-
lation of so many colonies as compared
with the others. I wondered what was the
matter, and as it was the busy season for
carpet weaving. I could give them but
little attention. My thought was, they had
lost their queens, but the workers ap-
peared all right and contented. .\ neigh-
bor called one afternoon and we went
among the bees, did some looking into
the why of the trouble. We did not find
a queen, but found worker-broods scat-
tered over the comb. The combs were
all cleaned and bright, so we concluded
there was no foul brood. At another
time, on further investigation, I found
the same condition of things, and a large,
beautiful, two-banded queen. She was
stugid and did not care to get out of the
way. Another colony had dwindled un-
til the worms had taken it. I took one
side and opened it so the bees could get
what honey was left. I found another
nice, large queen, and she was iu a stu-
pid condition, just able to go about.

The following and the last two sum-
mers I have lost 12 colonies. I now have
20 colonies, so you see I have lost more
than I have gained.

Toward the latter part of the second
summer I began to suspect that some one
near by had sprayed their fruit trees
when in full bloom, and on inquiry found
my suspicions W'ere correct. One of my
neighbors, living half a mile away, had
bought a spraying outfit of the Quincy
man, Stahl, and he advises his customers
by all means to spray their fruit trees

GraLiid New Book

Please mention Bee Journal -wheu -writing.

.Ung the Chicks: IV.DuckPro-
duciii;: "11 a. I.arce Sc:ile: V. Broiler Raisinc; VI.
Prolu.ibleEci! Fartnini;; VII. The Ebb and Poullry
Combination; VIII. Egg and Fruit FarminB: IX,
Scralchine Shed House Plans; X. Incubator an<i
Brooder House Plans; XI. FeedinB for Ivess. and

Xll.Stan.latd llred foullry. We usu.illy request 10 cents to
pay forthc mailing of this Look, but lor tlic ni..^t «0 <la;a
»c will mall Itfrrito «iiy one who will mention
thl« paper In wrltlnji. Better write now, 'lest you for.
get." Ail.lress ncircst. rlite.

CYPHERS INCVBATOR COMPANY.

Buffalo, N. ¥. CblCBgu, ni. BoktvD, U&ijN. .N»w Vork, H. T.

Please mention Bee Joomal -wtien ■writing,

HIGGINSVILI^E BEE-SI'I'1>LIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keepek, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. W.D.FULTON,
Catalog Free. (larden City, Kan.

and easy to

If you work for UB. We will start you in
|Dusine8B and furnish the capital. Work
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line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Cblcago, llli.

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EVERGREENS

Hardy sorts, Kursery grown, for wind-
breaks, ornamentand hedges. Prepaid, $1
to $10 per 100-50 Great Bargains to select
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and Bargain Sheet. Loral A^ot* wanted.

D.Hill/sp^eSDundee.lll.

Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-

alog? 60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE APIARY. BEST goods

at the LOWEST prices. Alternating hives and Ferguson supers. Sent FREE; write for it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa'd;. price-list free.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.

Agencies: Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.; Shugart.& Quran Council Bluff Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind. ■'3E26t
Mease mention Bse Journal -when -writina

j We are tlie Largest Mannfacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies In tlie Mtliwest

^

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Flease mention Bee Journal -

Second-Hand 60-lb. Cans, 2 in a Box.

We have a large quantity of these Cans that we have emptied ourselves,
saving the best of them. There may be, however, an occasional can that needs
repairing, or is not usable, but vee think such are very few. But in view of this,
we will throw in an extra box of 2 Cans with each 10 boxes ordered, and assume
no further responsibility, especially as the prices are very low, viz.: 5 boxes, 40c
a box ; 10 boxes. 3Sc a box ; 20 or more boxes, 30c a box — all f. o. b., Cliicago.
We make these low prices in order to close them out quickly to make room for
other stock. Order at once if you want any of them. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL.

$18.30

The MoslPertecl Made.

Wehsve nlheralvle disci
for Jlo.'i".. We sive juu

Send f OP Our Catalogue '

Strel Rram raltlTator,

{ilain, with 5 ahovelB.
432 papes.

?im?^-MathewBNew

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S4.75J;^''r^'"'

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princl.

this ad out'and send it to us we will mail the catalog FREE.

Please mention Bee Journal -when nrtitlnfe

126

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE BEST

White Alfalla floney

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 1 box of 2 cans (120 lbs.) at S'ic
a pound ; 2 boxes or more (4 or more
cans), at 8c a pound. We can furnish
Basswood Honey at Nc a pound more.
(These prices are for selling again).

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

DAjRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

[ large profit*. Ewy work. We funjish capital, ^cnd
' 10 centii for full line of samples and raiticulars,

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, Ills.
Please tnention Bee Journal -when wntice

HIIICINSVILLE BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Proc;kessive Bee-
Keeper, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalojf Free. Round Rock, Tex.

GOOD SEEDS

Both 25c Colls.for 40c— both 50c Colls.for 75c

"""mTssouri valley seed CO.,

P.O.Boi 557, ■• Tie OoodBMd Store/' SI. Joseph.HqJ

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

^^^ Smokers

T P. RtNOHAM. Parwell. )">•■•'
Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitina.

ELtCTRIC

Handy Farm Wagons

the labor of loadintr is reduced manv times, because
of the short lift. They are equipped with our fam-
ous Electric 8teel Wheels, eitherstraightorstas-
g:er spokes. Wheels any height from 24 to 60 inches.
White hickory axlea, steel hounds. Guaranteed to
carry 4000 lbs. Why not get started lightby putting
in one of these wagons. We make our steel wheels
to fit any wagon. Write for the catalog. It is free.
"ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 16, QUINCV, ILL.'

IT IS A FACT

That oar line of Bee-Keepers* Supplies are
some of the best g-oods in the world, and that
our system of dealiug" with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and g"et our suggestions, our catalog" and our
discounts for wintertime orders — all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

4'*A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

^

This is a g'ood time
^^_^ to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. * Eis^JBB-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago. 111.

Marshlield MannfactMring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Writejfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A25t ■ Please mention Bee Journal ■when writine,

when in full bloom. I am told bee-keep-
ers are having the same experience around
Glasford, because of the fruit trees being
sprayed while in bloom. How can bee
keepers get out of such trouble? Move
out. or is there some other way out?
Peoria Co., 111. Geo. B. Slack.

(The only way we know is to get a law
enacted against spraying fruit trees while
in bloom, and then enforce the law. —
Editor.)

Brushing Bees Off Combs.

On page 803 (1902), on "Brushing Bees
From Combs," Editor Hill gives Mr.
Poppleton's plan of getting ahead of the
dodgers when clearing extracting combs
of bees, with strong feathers. I think
the Pickard homemade bee brush away
ahead of the stout feathers. The general
procedure is about the same. Instead of
resting- the comb on the frames, I take
the combs by the upper corner and hold
it in front of the hive and with a down-
ward stroke of the brush throw the bees
down in the grass. I then treat the other
side the same, then brush both sides with
a quick motion, something like whetting
a scythe. In the meantime my assist-
ant gets another comb loose and gives it
a shake or two, dislodging most of the
bees, then passes it to me, and I dispatch
the dodgers in short order.

The Pickard bee brush was illustrated
about two years ago. I have used it two
seasons, and would not be without it. It

THRESHERMEN

have come to re iliz. 111. t u t tint f )r hishand
perniantut serMLf, tin re is no power they can
take into the tield so satisfdctoi j as tli

RUMELY "'"'^'""

ENGINES.

Moderninveiition shows at 1
They have no superfluous pe
Kear Geared with steel grear

famous NfwKumely Separators. Mailed tree. \Vrite.

M. RUMELY CO., La Porte. Indiana.

Please mention Bee Journal when wntiBg,

POULTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For hatching and brood-
ing use the best reasonable prk-ed
Incubatora and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS

I<. A. Banta, Llffonler, Indiana

46A20t Please mention theBee Journal.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
eat.alog— it's free.

3A13t R. H. 5CHMIDT & CO , Scheboygan.Wis.
«>lea-=ie mention Bee Journal when writing.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote vou prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Fleaso mention Be© Journal when writing

Feb. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

127

is easily made. Take an old broom-han-
dle and cut off the length you desire
(about 1 6 or iS inches), split one end
with a rip saw .ibout g inches, and take
new rope strips about 6 inclies long, un-
wind it and fill in the saw-kerf tight and
clamp with a couple of screws. When
the brush becomes sticky with honey wash
it out, and you are ready for business.
Pierce Co., Wis. A. D. Shepard.

Fillmore Co., Minn., Opganized,

The bee keepers of Fillmore Co., Minn.,
including some from other comities, met
at Preston on Jan. i6 and i6, and or-
ganized "The Fillmore County Bee-Keep-
ers' Association," with 24 members. An
interesting program was carried out, and
a communication was read from Mr. N.
E. pranCe, of Wisconsin,

Much interest was manifested, and an-
other meeting was called, to be held not
later than May i.

More names have been added since the
meeting, and it is expected the mem-
bership will be doubled before the spring
meeting. An effort will be made to main-
tain just and equal prices of honey the
next season.

Officers elected for the coming year are
as follows : President, M. V. Facey ; vice-
president, Edwin Crowell ; secretary, P.
B. Ramer, of Canton ; treasurer, R. A,
Hunt. P. B. R.\MER, Sec.

Fillmore Co., Minn., Jan. 19.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

New York. — A series of Bee Keepers' Insli.
tutes will be held in the State of New York as
follows: Canandaigua, March Z and 3 ; Romu-
lus, March 4; Auburn, March 5; Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, March ')
and 10; and Amsterdam March 11.

Prof. Frank Benton, Apicultural Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot the Bureau of
Institutes of the State Department of Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.

The New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold its annual meeting
at Syracuse. March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall. Prof. Benton and other prominent
bee-men have informed us of their intention to
attend this meeting, and a profitable and inter-
esting session is in store for those who attend.
Special rales have been secured for entertain-
ment at the Manhattan Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day. C. B. IIow.^rd, Sec.

I Q-80 For

200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect In construclioD and

GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncyi I

46A26t Please mention the Bee J

Prevent Honey Candying

Sent free to all. *-'

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mention the Bee Jour

Please mention Bee Journal "Wtien -writing.

Page Poultry Fence

l»A(JK WOVKN UllU: KKNCKCO.,AUKIAN,MICII.

rtease mentJOii bt^ie joumai w^nea wTiLine

Honey For Sale.

20t)0 lbs. Basswood Kxtracted honey, at '>c a
pound. All in 601b. cao.s. Warranted PURE
HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.

SAtf Please meatioii the Bee Journal,

T

PPE GROWN K°A?,ll^fSZE?

TED
EEJ

OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
p^Y IT ■ ■ ■""■ '"RUIT

TITUS NURSERYnIi^Tneb

Allt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Choice Alfalfa Honey,

two 5 gallon cans to
case, at 7>^ cents f.o.b.
either Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, or Springtieid, Illinois.
7A2t H, L. WEEMS, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

For Sale.

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Our east-
ern customers will save considerable freight
by ordering ftom them. Kind and courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAHY MFG. CO.,
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.

$

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the Hrst tu you
take in to start you in a good pavinc busi-
less. Send 10 cents for full line ot s^niplea
iiKi directione how to bet'in.
DRAPER I'UBLISHINO CO.. Chicago. Ills,
Please mention Bee Journal "when "writlns

3

/^•ilif/^f.riig t If you care to know of it*
W'aillUrilld 1 Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornU's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricnltnral

taper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam.
pie copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cai,
Please mentioL Bee Jotimal when •writina.

The Iiioreased Number ol'Iiiqiiirie.*

we are receiving of late in regard to ttie best
and most economical means evidences the fact
that the C|uestion of Fencing is one ot the
most important matters in the minds of the
farmers of to-day, and that more thought is
being given to it each year. There is nothing
a farmer can so foolishly waste money on, or
that olTers a greater field of economy, than
the item of Fencing. A cheap fence in qual-
ity, as well as in price, is not economy, but a
good and strictly up-to-date fence in every
particular at a reasonably low price is true
economy. In this day and age ot improve-
ment the ordinary fence is not good enough
tor the progressive farmer. It takes some-
thing more than the ordinary, and the fenc-
ing made by the Coiled Spring Fence Co., of
Winchester, Ind., certainly fulfills all these
requirements. Al! the line wires are of high-
carbon coiled spring-wire, making it self-reg-
ulating in every particular and much stronger
and better than any other fence, and being
sold to the farmer at wholesale price is within
reach of all. It is as advertised, bull-strong
and chicken-tight, and sold at a price below
many ot the styles of fence now on the mar-
ket. The Coiled Spring Fence Co., Winches-
ter, Ind., whose advertisement you will find
elsewhere in this issue, will take pleasure in
sending anyone catalog and full particulars
regarding this Fencing for the asking. Please
raention the American Bee Journal when
writing to them.

Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

2 MARKBT QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Feb. 7.— The market is in rather an
unsettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and there is a tendency towards
lower prices, owing to the supply being much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The fancy grades of white will sell at lSfG)16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
ficult to place at anything above 10fa>12c. Ex-
tracted honey is also easy, with the best grades
of while obtainable at "(-'Sc, and ambers at
6(«'7c. Beeswax steady at 3Uc upon arrival.

R. A. Bdrnbtt a Co.

Albany, N. Y., Jan. 7.— Honey demand and
receipts light. We quote white comb, IS cents;
mixed, 14c; buckwheat, 13@14c. Extracted,
white, 7(g7>^c; dark and buckwheat, 7(3i7S<c.
More demand for buckwheat than any other
' H. R. Wrioht.

here.

Kansas City, Jan. 31.— The demand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows: Extra fancy, per case, 24 sections,
13.40; strictly No. 1, $3 30; No. 1 amber, $3 00®
$3.25. Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber,
(iiab%c. Beeswax, 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Feb 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S%&b\^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9isc. Fancy white comb
honey, 16@17c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 3r)c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Nbw York, Jan. 23.— Demand for comb honey
quiet on all grades, and prici-s show a down-
ward tendency. Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand, if not more so. We quote fancy white
at ISc; No. 1, at 14c; No. 2, at from 12® 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from llwUc.

Extracted also quiet with abundant supplies
with the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at t,i^c, and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (.0@65c per gallon.

Beeswax firm at from 2'J@30c.

Hildrbth & Sboblkbr,

Cincinnati, Feb. 7.— The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and therefore prices have weakened. Fancy
white clover comb sells for 15@15J4c; for am-
ber there is no demand. The market for ex-
tracted is fair and prices rule as follows: Am-
ber, S'4@S!^c, by the barrel; in cans it brings a
little more; alfalfa, 7'^c; white clover, SfftixJ^c.
Beeswax, 2S'a30c. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
lVA@UHc; light amber, 10®llc; dark, S@6!^c.
Extracted, white, 6@6Kc; light amber, S'§S%c;
amber, 4@4Mc. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27}^c; strictly fancy light, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the Slate at IS cars," worth S'4@t)C per
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

TRACTED UONEY '.
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Att Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Pleas6 mention Bee Journal when writing-

BEES FOR SALE.— SS colonies of Ital-
ian Bees, as a whole or in small lots to suit pur-
chaser. Also a lot of Fixtures, Correspondence
solicited. Must sell, account husband's de:ith.
Call or address, MRS. L. A. BURTON,

x.\2t Speidkl, Ohio.

64 PAGES FOR YOU, AND FREE 1

The best all around

published. Send us your name and address and
we will convince vou.

l.\l,ISD rill'irRV J(irR>AI. CO., Imiiiinajiolls, Ind,
Vlease mentinn Bee journal when -writine

A YOUNG MAN with a
knowledge of apiculture,
to do general work on a
small farm, Apiarv small.

spected A. RICHTER & CO.

BnSHK^Li., Pike Co., Pa.
Flease mentioa Bee Journal when "writina

warned

Stale salary expecte

126

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1903.

The best Bee-Goods I
in the World.... ^

\

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that thej' are not
so frood. If you buy of us yoii
-will not be di-iiappoiiited.
"Wv are .iiidersol.l l»y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; oO cents a year; es-
pecially for tieginners.

THE

T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.U., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

Flease mention Bee Journal ■wien wvltlne

w.

' *IwWuEl rCllUki MAO£. Bull

ShtuSSrSm ■■■■«»^» strong, Chlcken-
vSmSul* -''^''*- ^°''^ *-° ** farmer at Wholesnle

40Etf

PrlciT!. Fnllj Warranlpd. Catalog Kr

COILED SPRING FFNCE €0.
Box ,S9 WlnthesUr, Indians, V. 8. I

Please mention the Bee Journal

OMAHA, NEB.
We carrv acnmplestock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEESUi'PLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
customers will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them. Kind and courteous treat-
ment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address,

LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free. 1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.

BEE^SUPPLIESr

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

MouniUnionGolleoe \

Open to both sexes from the begin- V

ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade J*

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 w

instructors. Alumni and students occu- \

pying highest positions in Church and *»

State. Expenses lower than other col- V

j^ leges of equal grade. Any young person \

y with tact and energy can have an educa- r*

7L tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

J for catalog. »^

y MOUNT UNION COLLEGK, f

Jl Alliance, Ohio. V

Tiie^is^ia.ja^vs.ji^V!.ss^ia,.ii^\s.ja^is.ji^ia,^

26ltl
Year

Dadant's Foundation f^

W#» Cllflrjintpp ^Jltisfjirf inn what more can anybody do? beauty,

wc j^uctrdiiicc j<xv\i»\<XK,\.\K}\\. purity, firmness. No saqqinq.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

"Whv does it sell so well? Because it has always given better satis- J{

yy liy UUCa II. sell »U WCll r faction than any other. Because In is years T

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. W

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS •<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Rc^vised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

I Tti6 Test 01 Time I

not only proves the increasing popularity of plain sections and fence separators, but
the superiority of these supers tor the production of comb honey over other styles.

The use of Root's Hives with plain sections and fence separator equipment
mean —

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more '^

completely than any other published, , ;^

send $1.20 to I ;^

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal., '^

FOR HIS ;^5

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Practical floiarisi Wanted s'™ 'o^tSm

or longer, to work with experienced manager of
large apiary. State age, experience, references,
wages expected, etc. Single man with ability
to use carpenter's tools preferred. Address,
P. E. G., care American Uee Jouknal,

144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

Larger Crop,

More *' Fancy " Grade,

Less No. 1 and 2 Grades,
Better Price,

Satisfied Merchant,

Enthusiastic Customers,
Increased Sales,
Greater Profit.

And a ready market the coming season, which is one of the important fac-
tors in the building up of a home market for honey. It is one thing to dispose of a
fair grade of honey at a moderate price, but quite another to retain the good-will of
the merchant handling your honey. To seciu'e his co-operation and stimulate the
trade, great care should be exercised as to the attractiveness of the honey offered.
It should not only be " Fancy " but the honey should be well capped and put up in
neat shape. To obtain these results you should use Dovetailed hives and supers
equipped with plain sections and fence separators. Insist on Root's make and you
will not be disappointed.

The A. I. Root Company,

HEDINA, OHIO.

N. B. — If you are not posted as to where you can buy Root's goods advanta-
geously write us. Ask also for catalog of Bee-Keepers' Supplies and specimen copy
of Gleanings.

■•" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "cmiAlo'iLL'r' $i

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SDPPL,IES IN CHICAGO. Send to ^
them for their free Catalog. ^f.

^/(fy(fy(fy(f>(f\(tyfy?f>(fvfy(f>(f\(fy(fy(fy'ff>(fy(fy?f\(f\(fy(fvf>(f^(f><!^'

California Nat'l Association. Bees and Pear=Blight.

GEO. W. BRODBHCK.

.1 r:. JOHNSON.

p^lWERie/lyv

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. FEB. 26, 1903.

No. 9.

130

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

PUBLISHBD WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S CONPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,
CS-E!OR,OE3 "W. "X"0K.K:.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr. C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SI. 00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

®QQSQSSQSQSSQQQSSQQQSQQQQ®
Shaken op Forced Swarms.

I will try and answer the following;
questions through the American Bee Jour-
nal :

"i. I read your article on page 55. Why
not shake on wide starters V

"2. They did not punctuate as you in-
tended. I think you wanted to say that
'after the five frames were filled then in-
sert drawn combs or frames filled with
foundation.' Did you not?

"3. I see Mr. Miller, at the Ontario con-
vention, said: 'Do not leave extracted
honey open.' Do you agree to this?

"4. Why need we turn hives upside
down in transferring?

"5. Our alfalfa blooms about every five
or six weeks during summer. Now, why
wouldn't you shake at the beginning of
every flow, as I want to double ray colo-
nies and get the alfalfa honey in supers
and let them fill up brood-chamber from
heartsease for winter? — F. Kingsley, of
Nebraska."

.\nswers. — I. Because if the bees get
ahead of the queen in building comb they
will build drone-comb. By using half-
inch starters the queen, if a prolific one.
will keep up with the .bees witn egg-laying,
and consequently there will be less drone-
comb built.

2. Yes ; I intended to say "and after the
five frames are filled the dummies should
be removed and space filled with full
sheets of foundation or drawn combs."

3. Yes, I agree with you. I never ex-
tract until all honey is sealed and well
ripened ; then I put in a tank holding
3,600 pounds to settle, and seal, as I think
it retains its flavor better.

4. In transrferring from box-hive I turn

the hive upside down, as the honey is at
the top, and as the lower end is generally
open it is less trouble to turn the hive
over; and, besides, if there is any honey
in the hive, in tearing off the cover the'
honey would begin to run, and bees can't
be driven over sticky combs. Another
reason is, if bees are inclined to rob you
are liable to start them.

S. I don't think your bees would build
up sufficiently to shake every five or six
weeks. If you did shake that often you
would more than double your colonies.
If your bees are strong enough to shake
at the beginning of the first flow from
alfalfa you can do so ; but if I wanted
to increase my colonies I would not make
the second drive, but would leave enough
bees to take care of the brood and re-
move the old colony to its permanent
place and give a queen or ripe cell, and
it will be ready for the fall fiow, and
depend on the swarm for your surplus
from alfalfa. Never shake until your bees
are strong and there is honey coming
in. J. T. Hairston.

Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter.

Press for Forming Sections.

I enclose a sketch of section-press that
I invented and used for the last two sea-
sons. It does the work fast and easy.
A lever raised by a spring folds the sec-
tion, place in press ; pull down the lever
and the section is pressed nicely to-
gether and is square.

The small pieces in the corners (xx) are
pieces of a section-box ; they are there so
the section will be pressed a little more
than square (they will spring back
square).

On the side of the press have a board
that covers the opening so the section
will be placed in opening square and
even.

I don't think any more explanation is
necessary ; if so, will be glad to answer
any question you may ask.

I. C. Bachtel.

Modoc Co., Cal.

[This section-press will no doubt make
good work, as it is practically the same
as one in use for a long time, although
later presses have largely taken its place.
Section-presses are furnished ready-made
at such moderate prices that one could
hardly afford to make one of these for his
own use. especially as this can hardly be
called an improvement. — Ed.]

Cleaning Partly-Filled Sections.

Allow me to say a word or two about
cleaning partly filled sections, as I notice
Miss Wilson has some trouble in having
them cleaned out by the bees (page 41).
I have no trouble and have now on hand
some four or five hundred, which I use
in the spring on such hives as I find in
need. The Bevins method, in theory, may
be all right but is not practical for sev-
eral reasons :

1. If the colony is a little weak (and
those are the ones that need feeding)
it allows too much cold air to circulate
through the body of the colony and chills
them.

2. It does not separate them sufficiently
but what they can get at it at any time.
But if you will take a thin board, mortise
a hole at one end ^^ by 3 or 4 inches,
and place it on the hive, then a super on
that, set the sections in promiscuously,
and imcap and deface the honey enough
to set it running, I am inclined to think
you will have no further trouble in hav-
ing your desires accomplished. The board
should be thin, % or f^, placing the
mortise in the front to avoid draught,

I had the same trouble mentioned with
cloth, but since using the above method
I succeed every time. Should there be a
failure where the honey is capped, deface

it with a chisel or other implement you
have in use. I use a one-inch firmer
chisel, which I find to be the handiest
tool for all-round purposes that I can
find. A smoker, chisel, goose-wing and an
old-style case-knife and you can have all
the balance of the whole paraphernalia
in the bee-kingdom. Try the goose-wing
for a brush and see if it does not surpass
any brush mentioned in the supply cata-
log A. Y. Baldwin.
DeKalb Co., 111.

Worcester Co., Mass., Convention.

The annual meeting of the Worcester
(Mass.) County Bee-Keepers.' Association
was held Saturday, Jan. 24, 1903- The
following officers were elected :

President, Charles E. Prouty ; first vice-
president, Horace P. Jacobs ; second vice-
president, Norman B. Parsons ; secretary
and treasury, Charles R. Russell.

Plans were made for some very inter-
esting meetings during the spring. Speak-
ers from outside, papers from our own
members (including ladies), a banquet,
outings to surrounding apiaries during the
summer ; in fact, a whole season of enjoy-
ment is before us.

At the meeting of Jan, 24 Mr. S. A.
Burgess related a very pleasing incident.
He has lived in one house all or nearly
all of his life. More than fifty years ago
a hive of bees was placed in a small attic
room ; as soon as the hive was full the
bees made comb on the outside, and grad-
ually spread out until the walls and ceiling
are nearly covered, and for more than
fifty years the bees have been allowed
to use that room. The writer has never
been there, but he hopes to go before
long and will be able to give a complete
description.

Another one of the older members, Mr.
S, B. Parsons, is very enthusiastic on
the subject of bee-stings as a cure for
rheumatism. He has no relish for the
story told by Dr. Mackie of a man who
was so firm in the clutches of that dis-
ease he could not walk ; he was taken
to an apiary and wheeled in a barrow
to the side of an unusually cross colonv.
The hive was kicked over and the sick
man jumped up and ran, cured of his
trouble !

Later I will tell more of our associa-
tion, number of members and other mat-
ters pertaining to bee-keeping in this vi-
cinity. C. R. Russell.

Worcester Co., Mass.

Observations on Queen-Rearing.

I see by Mr. Alley's last article he dis-
dains to refer to my $25 proposition, and
well he may, as he would surely lose if
he were to send me five queens reared
from worker-eggs in nuclei.

I am also able (after reading Mr. Al-
ley's article) to pick out conclusive evi-
dence enough in that article .to condemn
his entire method of rearing queens. In
that article he speaks of a very popu-
lous nucleus that after having their queen
taken away refused to accept a virgin
queen, and that this same small nucleus
reared a batch of queens from their own
brood, among which was one that was
worth $100, and that the others were not
good enough for breeders.

Now, I want to ask Mr. Alley : Did
you ever think that that small colony
was so crowded that the queen you took
away had deposited an egg in a cell-cup.
and that the colony would have swarmed
in a few days anyway, and that $100
queen was a natural queen, and all the
rest were only queens from worker-cells?

Another thing I want to state for the
benefit of the uninitiated, and that is,
look out for any queen breeder who has
a $100 queen, as his system of rearing
queens must be seriously wrong, or he
would have more good queens, and as a
(Contitiued on page 139.)

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, FEB, 26, 1903,

Na9.

Honey North and South. — There is
always a possibility that two persons looking
from different standpoints will see the same
thing in different lights. The following let-
ter illustrates this :

Editor A.mericax Bee JorRN.\L.—

Commenting upon Editor Hill's paragraph
as quoted on page 51, I wish to say that, in
the minds of some, there is some doubt that
the South puts upon the market a larger per-
cent of /oK'-(/ra(7(' honey than any other sec-
tion of the country.

Again, "The unprogressiveness of many
sections of U(e South is well Jiiiown." (Is
this unprogressiveness confined to the Sunih f)
" The product of the bee-keeping element in
such localities is necessarily inferior.'' Why
so 1 Does man's laziness or ignorance have
any effect upon the bee ? Is it necessary
that the bee-keeper be of the general type ?
Escambia Co., Fla. C. C. Parsons.

Editor Hill, himself a Southerner, and, in-
deed, a fellow-Floridan with Mr. Parsons, is
pleading for justice to the South, and, no
doubt, both men are of the progressive type,
and if all men of the South had been just like
them, it is likely that there never would have
been any occasion for Mr. Hill to make his
plea.

There is unprogressiveness in the North as
well as the South, but whatever may be said
as to the proportion of each, the fact remains
that when honey has been put on the market
as Southern honey, it has been quoted at a
lower rate becmise it was Southern honey. No
doubt, the nectar collected by the bee of the
most up-to-date bee-keeper is not a whit bet-
ter than that collected by a bee belonging to
the ignorant and shiftless, but when that
product is ready for the market there may be
a distinct difference in appearance, and also
in real value. One sample may be thoroughly
ripened and luscious, while the other is thin,
watery, and unpleasant to the taste. There
may also be a marked difference in two sam-
ples of comb honey, both gathered from the
same honey-plant.

Somet/iliti/ has given ground for the belief
that Southern honey, in general, is more or
less inferior. It is unfair to Mr. Parsons to
say that his honey should bring any less in
the market than another sample exactly like
it produced farther north. This injustice
should not continue. If he can make it ap-
pear that it was all a mistake to suppose that
any considerable quantity of honey produced
in the South was inferior, he may in time
change the significance of the term " Southern
honey.'' But that would take a good deal of

time, and possibly no amount of time would
make the effort successful. Possibly he will
find it a shorter task to take the ground that
justice requires that his honey should stand
on its own merits for what it is, without hav-
ing any classification that shall arouse preju-
dice against it.

Duty on Honey to Canada. — In the

report of the Ontario convention, on page 39,
reference is made to the fact that Cuban
honey is shipped to Toronto. It would, per-
haps, more clearly represent the market it it
had been said that there is a specific duty of
3 cents per pound on all honey going into
Canada. Mr. Holtermann has called atten-
tion to the fact that he mentioned this duty
particularly to the convention in this con-
nection. So writes Mr. Morley Pettit, who
reported the Ontario convention for the
American Bee Journal.

The Texas E.vperiment Station Re-
port has been received. It is a neatly printed
pamphlet of 53 pages, six of which are occu-
pied by the report proper, and Bfl Ijy an ele-
mentary treatise on bee-keeping for farmers
and others desiring to keep a few bees. Prof.
Fred W. Mally is professor of Entomology at
the Agricultural and Mechanical College, as-
sisted by Wilmon Newell, the latter having
immediate charge of the apiary, and appar-
ently the laboring oar in the preparation of
the Report.

The Experimental Apiary was established
in 1002, with seven colonies of bees, which
were increased during the season to 31. The
sum of $.500 was voted by the Legislature for
use in the year, and was invested in bees,
queens, hives, books, honey-house, etc.

The effort has been to breed to the highest
standard of excellence, keeping careful recoj-d
of all colonies, and selecting the best as
mothers of queens and drones.

It is proposed during the coming year to
make a comparative study of the different
strains or races of bees, and especially to
determine approximately the comparative
length of life of the different races. This is
believed to have an important bearing upon
the harvest in seasons of special drouth.

The study of honey-plants will also be con-
tinued. It seems a little curious to note that
while American varieties of buckwheat are
set down as partial or total failures, Japanese
buckwheat gave the best results of all plants
tested. The report says :

With medium or even poor soil, and a very
small amount of moisture, this plant can be
depended upon to begin blooming 30 days
after planting, and will continue to bloom for
30 days, at the end of which time the sceil is
ready to gather. It will be seen that it is a

very easy matter to regulate the time of sow-
ing, so that a honey-flow will be had from
this plant at the beginning of a dearth of
natural forage for the bees. ~^~y

Japanese buckwheat thrives best when
drilled in rows about three feet apart, and
cultivated during growth. The seed brings
from $1.00 to 1..50 per bushel. In case seed is
not desired the buckwheat can be cut and
cured as in other hay, and is found to make
valuable feed for farm animals. If grown
more extensively there is no doubt that such
hay would bring a good price in the open
markets.

The cowpea, especially the speckled variety,
16 commended.

In the treatise on bee-keeping, in a list of
eight reliable text-books adapted to the be-
ginner, Maeterlinck's " Life of the Bee "
stands next to the highest, and Doolittle's
" Queen-Rearing " last. Otherwise the infor-
tion is reliable, and calculated to be of good
service to the class for whom it is intended.

Age of Brood-Combs. — In this country
it has long been held that so long as worker-
comb is in good condition there is no need to
renew it in the brood-nest, and in Europe
this view has also gained ground. In England,
however, a different view is held. A late
number of the British Bee Journal advises
that brood-combs be gradually renewed, two
or three each year, but not more than three
in a single .season. That means that in some-
where from three to six years, age alone in-
capacitates a comb for further service. ■, The
question is whether it is the climate of Eng-
land, or what it is, that throws a comb out of
service in so few years when there have been
so many proofs that elsewhere a comb 30
years old is as good as new — in some respects

better.

•

Honey in Bait-Sections, in the prac-
tice of most bee-keepers, is never allowed, the
honey Ijeing scrupulously cleaned out of the
combs by the bees in the fall before it has
time to granulate. Some, however, have no
fear as to ill results from having a little
honey left over in the sections to be used as
baits. Bearing upon the subject is the fol-
lowing in the British Bee Journal, from 11. S.
Shorthouse:

The occasional crystallization of one jar of
honey which granulates, while the others re-
main bright and liquid, is accounted for by
the fact that the bottle either contains a small
portion of grit, or is slightly rough or irregu-
lar in some particular part of the inside,
which lends a starting point of crystallization
to the sugars which are contained in the
honey in what we will term a state of super-
saturation.

An experiment (on crystallization), using
sulphate of soda for the purpose, most beau- .
litully illustrates this theory. If we take a
(|uautity of sulphate of soda, dissolve it in a
minimum quantity of hot water, and whilst
warm tie over the neck of the vessel in

132

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26 1903.

which it is contained a parchment paper and
allow it too cool, we can at any moment cause
the solution to crystallize by the puncturi ng
of the paper with a needle, or by keeping the
bottle air-tight we can retain it in solution
form.

Again, we can make solutions of chemicals,
and can manipulate them without any signs
of separation, but the introduction of a
further small crystal of the same, or some
other substance, will spontaneously cause the
crystallization of the whole, and I feel
assured that the granulation of honey can be
accelerated by the addition of a very small
crystal of the ordinary cane-sugar.

\ Weekly Budget. I

Pkof. a. J. Cook, of Los Angeles Co.,
Calif., writing us Feb. 16, reported "pros-
pects for a honey crop in California good.
Splendid rains."

Mr. Thomas G. Newman, of San Fran-
cisco, Calif., has been very ill. So it is re-
ported in his Philosophical .Journal of Feb.
14. It says he was stricken Feb. .5, which
■was the 49th anniversary of his wedding day,
and adds :

He has been fighting a battle-royal for more
than three weeks with la grippe in one of its
worst forms. For eleven nights unable to
rest or sleep, and yet each day taking up the
work in all its trying, taxing details which is
necessary to the editing and publishing of the
paper and general work of the book concern
connected with it.

Their friends, who have observed the vast
amount of work which was being done by
both Mr. and Mrs. Newman, and have seen
how weary they were growing, are not so
much surprised that at last one of them has
fallen at his task, and with the harness on.

On Thursday, in going to the post-olHce,
Mr. Newman suddenly lost consciousness and
fell to the pavement, receiving what proved
to be but a slight scalp wound. He was car-
ried to a drug-store near by, and fortunately
regained consciousness sufficient to give in-
formation regarding himself. He is now in a
critical condition, and complete rest is the
surest and almost the only means of assuring
his restoration even to where he may take up
the work he has been compelled to drop.

Mr. Newman's host of bee-keeping friends
will read the foregoing with much regret;
and all will unite in the hope that he may be
spared, and that his recovery may be entire
as well as speedy.

The Califoknia Association. — We have
received the following from Pres. Geo. W.
Brodbeok, of the California National Honey-
Producers' Association:

Mr. Editor: — I herewith send you a copy
of our by-laws defining the purposes of our
organization. You will notice that it is a
corporation, nevertheless it is a co-operative
proposition, controlled entirely by bee-keep-
ers. The requirements are such that it need
exclude no one.

Y'es, it is evident we have a big contract on
hand, but judging by the display of interest
up to date by the receipt of communications
asking for information from all sections of
the State, the subscriptions for stock that are
coming in daily from both large and small
producers, the requests that are coming in
from all localities for some one to come and
organize local associalions, all go to prove
that never before in the history of California
bee-keeping has this fraternity displayed such
interest in helping along a project as they are
doing with this one. We purpose in getting

a live, wide-awake manager, that will keep
in touch with every stockholder, be he large
or small, making no distinction, working
only for the good of the whole.

Geo. W. Brodbeck.

The By-Laws referred to by Pres. Brodbeck,
are these:

BY-LAWS OF THE CALIFORNIA NA-
TIONAL HONEY-PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION.

The name of the corporation shall be the
California National Honey-Producers' As-
sociation.

Article I.

Corporate Powers. — The corporate pow-
ers of this corporation shall be vested in a
board of five directors, who shall be stock-
holders, holding three hundred or more
shares of stock in their own names on the
books of the company, and three shall
constitute a ciuorum for the transaction of
business.

Article II.

Election of Directors. — The directors
shall be elected by ballot, at the 'annual
meeting of the stockholders, to serve one
year and until their successors are elected.
Their term of office shall begin immedi-
ately after election.

Article III.
Vcancies. — Vacancies in the board of
directors shall be filled by the other direc-
tors in office ; and such person shall hold
ofiice until the first meeting of the stock-
holders thereafter.

Article IV.

Poiver of Directors. — The directors shall
have power :

I St. To call special meetings of the stock-
holders when they deem it necessary. And
they shall call a meeting at any time upon
the written request of the stockholders
holding one-third of all the subscribed
stock.

2d. To appoint and remove at pleasure
all officers, agents and employes of the
corporation, fix their compensation, and
recjuire of them security for faithful serv-
ice, when it shall be deemed advisable.

3d. To conduct, manage and control the
affairs and business of the corporation, and
to make rules and regulations, not incon-
sistent with the laws of the State of Cali-
fornia, or the by-laws of the corporation.

4th. To incur indebtedness. The terms
and amount shall be entered on the min-
utes of the board, and the note or obliga-
tion given for the same, signed officially by
the president and secretary, shall be bind-
ing on the corporation.

Article V.

Duties of Directors. — To cause to be
kept a complete record of all their min-
utes and acts, and of the nroceedings of
the stockholders, and present a statement
at the regular annual meetings of the
stockholders, showing in detail the -assets
and liabilities of the corporation, and gen-
erally the condition of its affairs.

2d. To declare dividends out of the sur-
plus profits, when such profits shall, in the
opinion of the directors, warrant the same.

3d. To supervise all officers and agents
and see that their duties are properly per-
formed. To cause to be issued to th"
stockholders, in proportion to their several
interests, certificates of stock.

Article VI.

Officers. — The officers shall be president,

vice - president, secretary and treasurer.

which officers shall be elected by the

board of directors.

Article VII.
President. — The directors at their fir't
meeting shall elect one of their number as
president.

_ 1st. The president, or in his absence the
vice-president, shall preside over all meet-
ings of stockholders and directors and
shall have the casting vote.

2d. He shall sign all certificates of stock

and all other official documents and shall
draw checks on the treasurer, and shall
perform such other duties as may be nec-
essary for the good of the corporation a
consistent with his office.

Article VIII.

Secretary. — The board of directors shall
elect a secretary.

I St. It shall be the duty of the secretary
to keep a record of the proceedings of the
board of directors and of the stockholders.

2d. He shall countersign all checks drawn
upon the treasurer, and discharge such
other duties as pertain to his office and
are prescribed by the board of directors.

3d. The secretary shall serve all notices
required either by law or the by-laws of
the association.

Article IX.

Treasurer. — The treasurer shall receive
and keep all the funds of the association in
a bank and pay them out only on the check
of the president, countersigned by the sec-
retary.

2d. At each annual ineeting of the stock-
holders he shall submit, for their informa-
tion, a complete statement of his accounts
for the past year. He shall discharge such
other duties pertaining to his office as shall
be prescribed by the directors.

.Article X.

Superintendent. — .A general superintend-
ent shall be appointed by the directors
and removable at their pleasure. It shall
be his duty :

I St. To take charge of all property be-
longing to the company and to control and
direct all business and labor, such as grad-
ing- sealing, storing and shipping honey,
and any other duties required of him 1
the directors.

Article XI.

Compensation of Officers. — The officers
shall receive such compensations as the
directors shall from time to time deter-
mine upon.

Article XII.

Certificates of Stock. — Certificates of
stock shall be of such form and device as
the directors may direct ; and each certifi-
cate shall be signed by the president and
secretary, and express on its face its num-
ber, date of issuance, the number of shares
for which, and the person to whom it is
issued.

The certificate book shall contain a mar-
gin, on which shall be entered the number,
date, number of shares, and name of the
person expressed in the corresponding cer-
tificate.

Article XIII.

Transfer of Stock. — Shares of the asso-
ciation may be transferred at any time
upon the sale of the bees which they rep-
resent, by the holders thereof, by endorse-
ment on the certificate of stock. But no
transfer shall be valid until the surrender
of the certificate and the acknowledgment
of such transfer on the books of the ai
elation.

2d. The receiver of the new certificate
shall be required to sign the bv-Iaws of th"
association. No transfer shall be valid if
the holders are indebted to the association
on any account whatever.

3d. No surrendered certificate shall be
canceled by the secretary before a new one
is issued in lieu thereof : and the secretar"
shall preserve the certificate so canceled
as a voucher. If. however, a certificate
shall be lost or destroyed, the directc-s
may order a new certificate issued upon
such guarantees by the parties claiming
the same as they may deem satisfactory.

.Article XIV.
Meetings. — The regular annual meet- ■
of the stockholders shall be held on the
first Wednesday in January of each year
at 10 o'clock, in Los Angeles, at such
place as the directors may provide, and
each stockholder shall be notified by letter
by the secretary at least two weeks before
the time of meeting; provided that when
such day shall fall on a legal holiday, then

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

133

such meeting shall be held on the next
business day at the same hour.

At such annual meeting directors shall
be elected by ballot to serve for the ensu-
ing year, and until their successors are
elected. No meeting of the stockholders
shall be competent to transact business
unless a majority of stock is represented.
except to adjourn until such time as may
be deemed proper.

Special meetings of the stockholders
may be called by the president whenever
he may deem it expedient, and he shall
call such special meeting when requested
to do so by the holders of at least one-
third of the subscribed stock of the asso-
ciation. Notice of special meetings shall
be given in the same manner as provided
for at regular meetings, or when the stock-
holder are all present and sign a written
assent thereto on the record of such meet-
ing.

The president and secretary of the asso-
ciation shall act as president and secretary
of stockholders' meetings, unless the meet-
ing shall decide otherwise.

Directors' Meetings. — Regular meetings
of the directors shall bei held immediatelv
after the annual meeting of the stockhold-
ers, and also upon the first Monday in
each month at lo o'clock a. m.. and notice
of such monthly meeting is hereby dis-
pensed with. A majority of the directors
shall constitute a quorum for the transar
tion of business. In case of an equality of
votes the president may have a second or
deciding vote.

Special meetings may be called by the
president by his sending a notice in writ-
ing to each director four days before the
time of the meeting called. .Said meetir
may be dispensed with at the discretion of
the board.

Article XV.

Elections. — .At all corporate meetings
each stockholder, either in person or by
proxy, shall be entitled to as many vote
as he owns shares of stock. Such pror
shall be in writing and filed with the sec-
retary.

.Article XVI.
Seal. — The association shall have a com-
mon seal consisting of a circle having on
its ciicumference the words "California
Honey-Producers' Association."

Article XVII.
Governing the Sale of Honey. — No stock-
holder shall sell his honey crop or anv
portion thereof for less than the prices set
by the directors.

.A commission shall be paid to the asso-
ciation to defray the expense of grading,
sealing and other costs of marketing.

2d. Money shall be advanced on hon
stored in the association warehouse by :^
stockholder unon his written request, and
such honey shall be held as security v
it is sold or the loan, with interest, paid
in full. The association shall furnish
money on such honey at the lowest rate c"
interest that it is able to secure. All
honey upon which loans are made shall
l)e insured, and all other honeys shall
be insured upon arrival at the warehouse
unless the superintendent shall be notified
to the contrary by the owner.

.^d. The directors shall not change the
selling price oftener than once a montJi.
Stockholders placing honey in the hands
of the association may choose their own
time for selling, and when a member
places his honey for sale at the rate set
for a certain month he shall receive his
proportionate amount of all money re-
ceived by the association on sales of honey
belonging to individual members during
said month, provided it shall be received
and the superintendent notified that it is
for sale not later than the tenth of the
month. Honey put on sale later than the
tenth of said month shall be placed in
the next month's division.

If a member wishes to place his honey
in the w-arehouse and hold it for a raise
in price he shall be permitted to do so.

and only the actual expense of grading,
storage, etc., changed.

.A member who lias honey in the ware-
house on sale mav withdraw said honey
upon fifteen days' written notice to the
superintendent. Ilnney not oh sale is al-
ways at the. owner's disposal.

Honey belonging to the association
must be placed on sale in the same man-
ner as that belonging to an individual.

Article XVIII,

Withdrazi-al of Members. — A member
may withdraw from the association at
the annual stockholders' meeting by turn-
ing over his certificate of stock to the
association, and he shall receive one-half
of the price paid the association for said
stock, and his proportion of all surplus
money in the treasury, but honey pro-
duced during the year of membership must
remain until .sold.

Article XIX.

Amount of Stock. — No person shall buy
less than one share of stock for each
stand of bees owned by him, and he shall
be required to give a written statement
declaring how many stands of bees he
owns at the time of his subscription for
stock, and at each annual meeting of the
stockholders. In case of an increase in
bees of more than fifteen per cent that
is not represented by a share of stock
to the stand of bees the owner shall buy
more stock in proportion to the increase.

Where there is a decrease of fifteen
or more per cent and the owner has
bought his limit of one share to the
stand he shall return stock to the asso-
ciation in proportion to his loss in bees,
for which the association shall pay him
at the same rale as provided in Article
XVIII.

The board of directors may ofter stock
for sale to the membership, aside from
the initiatory stock, as the necessity of
the association demands, but not to ex-
ceed ten shares to one colony of bees.

.\rticle XX.

Amendments. — The by-laws may be al-
tered or amended at any meeting of the
stockholders by a majority of stock rep-
resented at such meeting.
.\rticle XXI.

Fines. — .^ny member who at any time
violates these by-laws or the conditions
stated by them shall, after being duly
notified and heard in his own defense,
pay such fine "as may be imposed upon
him by the directors, not to exceed $200
for each offense.

Kno'i' All Men by These Presents:

That we. the undersigned, being the
holders and owners of more than two-
thirds of the subscribed stock of the Cali-
fornia National Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, hereby assent to the foregoing by-
laws and adopt the same as the by-laws
of the said corporation. In witness

whereof we have hereunto subscribed our
names this 19th day of January, A. D.
Nineteen Hundred and Three.

L. E. Mercer.

Geo. W. Brodbeck.

M. H. Mendleson.

L. S. Emerson.

Geo. L. Emerson.

L. S. Emerso.s',
Geo. L. Emerson,

Directors,
tjtn. L. ICmerson,

Secretary of the Association.

All beedom -will watch with deep interest
the progress and work of the California bee-
keepers. While they are not exactly leaders
iu the work of co-operative effort in the sale
of honey, yet on account of the importance of
their crop, and at this time the feeling after a
belter way on the part of honey-producers
generally, whatever of success or failure may
develop in the California organizatiou will be
specially noted. Surely, they have the heart-
iest wishes of all for the accomplishment of
every worthy desire and object.

Know AH Men by These Presents:

That we, the undersigned, directors and
secretary of the corporation known as and
called the California National Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association, do hereby certify that
the above and foregoing by-laws of said
corporation were duly adopted as the by-
laws of said corporation on the igth day
of January, .\. L). Nineteen Hundred and
Three, and that the same do now consti-
tute the by-laws of said corporation.
L. E. Mercer,
Geo. W. Brodbeck,
M. H. Mendleson,

The Ste.\dt Scbscribeb is thus honored
by the Grocers' Criterion :

" How dear to my heart is the steady sub-
scriber, who pays iii advance at the birth ot
the year; who lays down his money and does
it quite gladly, and casts round the office a
halo of cheer. He never says ' Stop it, I can
not afford it,' nor 'I'm getting more papers
than now I can read,' but always says. ■ Send
it, the family likes it; in fact, we all think it
area! household need.' How welcome he is
when he steps in the sanctum, how he makes
our hearts throb, how he makes our hearts
dance. We outwardly thank him, we in-
wardly bless him, the steady subscriber who
pays in advance."

.lust the same in the Bee Journal office.

Mr. J. P. IvT is one of Arizona's success-
ful bee-keeping sons. A friend ot his sent us
the following in connection with the pictures
found on the first page :

For some years I have been quite deeply
interested in bees as a pastime and recreation,
but never was pleasure greater, and never
was there a more delightful surprise, thaii
the hospitality shown me by Mr. .J. P. Ivy. I
met him, introduced myself, and he invited
me to spend a night at his home— a home of
comfort and happiness. Had bee-keeping it-
self been no pleasure to me, this meeting and
courtesy of beedom, so to speak, would amply
have repaid me.

In my wanderings over the country (I live
in Delaware), I have never seen so complete,
simple, and practical a system of apiculture
as that of Mr. Ivy. Its economy and neat-
ness strike the observer. Among the fore-
most of the great bee-keepers of the \\ est,
Mr. Ivy has six large out-apiaries, and ships
several car-loads ot honey every season. In
a business of this magnitude some mutual
understanding and adjustment of freight-
rates, etc., are all-important. He, side by side
with other progressive men, has striven to
make the honey-business a straight and set-
tled business, with just profits and fair deal-
ing, and to advance the science of bee-keeping
as well as to make an honest, honorable liv-
ing E. G. Bbadfobd, Jr.

Db. Gallup, the Baron, Banana Honey.
— That is rubbing it into Dr. Gallup. If
I were in his place I certainly should
gallop off after getting a roast like that.

However, I should suggest to Baron M.
Lieawful to change his name to "Baron
von Munchausen."

I have no doubt that it will be necessary
for Baron M. Lieawful to provide himself
with collar and chain for his queen, as
she certainly would be a dangerous insect
if she ever ran amuck.

Tell us something of banana honey :
(hat's all we get here. Porto Rico.

If you get banana honey you likely
know more about it than almost any one
else who reads this journal. Suppose you
tell us something about it.

134

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

Kj^vt^vi^vj^j^vi^i

Convention Proceedings.

"WTfTTI'rWTt

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chieag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pafre lis )
Mr. Moore — I move that we proceed to discuss the ques-
tions appearing in the President's address seriatim.
The motion was seconded and carried.

LAWS ON BKE-DISEASES.

Pres. York — If Mr. France were here he could start us
off on that.

Mr. Wilcox — At the first convention I ever attended
that subject was up as the most prominent subject for dis-
cussion. Dr. Miller was present, and he was the only
champion there was on the affirmative side of the question.
It had been referred to a committee and laid over a year.
One of the committee was Prof. Cook, and the other was
Prof .McLain, and they reported that legislation for bee-keep-
ers was inexpedient, and not advisable. And that seemed
to be the sense of that meeting' or convention, Dr. Miller
alone standing out in favor of his theorj' that legis-
lation for bee-keepers is desirable, and I believe he has
something to say yet. How many times I have thought of
it, since foul brood laws and pure food laws became en-
acted, and since our Association was formed to protect each
other as far as possible from dishonesty. It seems to me a
good thing. I don't know about legislation, or how we can
bring it about, but I would like to see and hear much on
that subject.

Pres. York — We would like to hear from Dr. Miller if
he hasn't forgotten what he said 25 years ago.

Dr. Miller — I confess I did forget. When Mr. Wilcox
spoke first I thought he had gotten the men mixed, but I do
recollect now. There is this about it : There are States all
about us that have felt the need of this very thing ; they
have secured the legislation, and they are better for it. I
very much doubt if you can find a man in the State of Wis-
consin— a bee-keeper — who thinks it was a bad thing to have
the law. Perhaps there are some. How is that, Mr. Wilcox ?

Mr. Wilcox — I have never found one who is against it.
We are in favor of pure food laws, foul brood laws, and any
other good laws that can be enacted.

Dr. Miller — Regarding foul brood, I never saw a case of
it. I was once where it was, and I was foolish not to look
at it. I don't know, but I hope I may never see it in my
place. One of the investigators across the Ocean has told us
that the bacilli alvei, the germ of the foul brood, is nothing
more nor less than one of the common microbes — bacillus
mesentericus vulgaris — that is pretty nearly everywhere.
Once at our house we had trouble with bread that would get
soft and stringy.

Mr. Moore— Mold ?

Dr. Miller— Not dry, though ; and that's made by the
same thing that makes the foul brood.

Pres. York — Then your wife didn't make that bread ?
[Laughter.]

Dr. Miller — (I wish the president would keep his au-
dience in order, and not interrupt me.) The only point I
wish to make in that is, that there is more danger than we
think of in foul brood. I have always felt, so long as there
was none of it near me, I was entirely safe. I don't feel as
safe as I did. Now, I would feel much less safe if I knew
of foul brood within two miles, within ten miles of me. I
don't know what day there may be a case of foul brood ten
miles around me. For that one case I want to be provided
in advance. I have no foul brood in my apiary, but I want
the law so that if something of that kind does come I will
feel safer than I am to-day, and you are all in the same
boat that I am. You may not feel anxious about it, but you
are not safe as long as there is no law to keep somebody
from bringing foul brood next to you, on the next farm.
No inspector to come around and look at it. You are paying

for fire insurance, and some of you for life insurance, and
you would think it was very bad if you let your policy lapse
and have no fire insurance. Now, you need all the insur-
ance you can get against foul brood. You need the laws,
and right along with that comes closely connected this mat-
ter of Wisconsin. Any one of you can't do much about
getting foul brood laws, but as an organization here to-
gether you can do something.

Pres. York — This is certainly very important, and if we
are going to attempt to get a foul-brood law during the
coming winter we must start soon. The State Legislature
meets in January. I have suggested that this Association
co-operate with the State Association. Mr. J. O. Smith is
the president, and Mr. Jas. A. Stone is the secretary. Mr.
Stone lives near Springfield, and could have the matter in
charge.

Mr. Moore — One thing that occurs to me. We don't
exactly think that Illinois is aback number in laws. For
the protection of women it stands, I think, in the front
rank of all the States. If you will read some of the law
books you will find that women are classed as idiots and
insane persons, and in Illinois they are classed as the supe-
rior of man, and their property rights are accorded to the
very highest degree, and there are ftiany laws in Illinois
that are up to the times. There is not a law on the statute
books of Illinois about bee-keepers' interests. Not a single
law. That alone shows you the great need of something
being done. All around us, one State has a law on foul
brood, another has a law against spraj'ing of fruit-trees in
blossom, but Illinois has no laws whatever except the gen-
eral food law which has just been passed, the old food law
which has been a dead letter. With this exception there is
no law for the benefit of bee-keepers especially.

Pres. York — We would like to hear from Mr. Clarke on
this. I know several times at my office he has spoken about
doing something.

Mr. Clarke — I think it is a most important thing. Now
there is absolutely no protection to a man who understands
the business, because some party t'nat may have bees with
foul brood, if he is 10 or 20 miles away from him, still as a
kindness to one of their friends he may ship in a foul-
broody colony to a man whose bees haven't got it. If ship-
ped within a mile or two, it is only a question of a short
time until he will have it in his own apiary. Of course,
where a man thoroughly understands it, and it is within a
mile or two of him, he can practically get clear of it. If he
lets it get developed thoroughly in one or two colonies, and
does not know it is amongst them, directly a frost comes
and cuts off the flowers, the bees are going to look around
and do some robbing, and they are going to take the foul-
broody colony. The odor is offensive. They have no more
than a bottle of honey in the hives because bees won't lay
in the cells filled up with foul brood, so when they go into
winter quarters they will have very few bees to protect
their honey, and the others will rob them out, and when
you get robbing in 80 or 100 colonies it is going to spread
in every colony. Though one colony taken into your api-
ary in the fall would not develop at once, but directly the
queen begins to lay in the spring they are going to take
them, as well as two or three, and distribute them in the
three or five hundred hives, and that goes to develop foul
brood so that the man who has 200 colonies, with foul brood
within two miles, isn't safe. This man can at the present
time ship them to some friend half a mile from you, and
you have no recourse at all. You can't say, " Here, destroy
that colony," for if he doesn't want to he can keep them
and throw them open to your bees if he wants to. There is
absolutely no protection to a man. Besides that, I think it
is needed as a protection to the public. Now we know that
the instinct of the bee is that when there is a super put on,
or a box to remove the honey from the brood-chamber up,
if opened down below where the honey can be started over
the foul brood scale, they will move that honey up into the
super and drop down. That honey is sold. Under these
circumstances I think that the law is not only a protection
for the bee-keepers, but the public as well.

Dr. Miller — How many are there here whose bees are
now troubled with foul brood, have it either in their own
apiaries or near by ?

Pres. York — How many have it at the present time ?

Six held up their hands.

Mr. Clarke — I may say this, that although you can get
an idea of the number here practically up-to-date bee-keep-
ers that will be at a convention, still how many bee-keepers
are there that don't take any interest in these conventions ?
These are the men we want to get after. The men who
come here want to keep up with the times. We have dis-

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

135

eases amongst every live creature under the sun. Those
are the men that this law is aimed against. Not at tin-
bee-keeper who is here. They come to the convention, thi y
get all the information and are informed.

Dr. Miller — These five or six men that raised their
hands are not the ones who need the foul-brood law. The
rest of us are the ones that need that law and want to have
it. If I had foul brood in my apiary to-day I wouldn't give
much whether you had a law or not. I haven't got it, and
don't want it, and want things in shape so that I can fight
it off.

Mr. Wilcox — I don't want to say anything in favor of a
foul-brood law particular!}-, but I do want to say something.
We, in Wisconsin, have one. Our State Association made
the start. It is satisfactory to us. We hardly see how we
can improve it except that we want two or three hundred
dollars a j-ear more to pay our foul-brood inspector. With
that -exception we think we are satisfied. I think I can
speak the sentiment of every bee-keeper in Wisconsin when
I say that we almost demand of you that you proceed to get
the foul-brood law enacted in Illinois, and attempt to sup-
press the disease in this State so that it may not be trans-
ported continually into ours. We are continually in dan-
ger in buying queens or honey from your State, and if you
go before your Legislature with a committee and Bill
drafted to suit you, you will have no difficulty in getting it
enacted. We had no difficulty when they saw that we were
in earnest, and knew what we wanted, and how we wanted
it, and you can do the same. I believe you can, and I know
that you will be fortunate if you get as good an inspector
as we did ; but j-ou need two of them, for your State is
large enough to need it, and you will be completely success-
ful in getting the disease so under subjection that it will
not be spread. You will cure every case almost as quickly
as it shows in any locality, and you will be proud to think
that you have done it.

Mr. Kluck — If the beekeepers of Illinois can only get a
foul-brood law by coming' together h^re and at other places
this winter, it will be the end of their troubles. It is the
men that keep bees that expect to get a crop next year
who think it is a whole lot like finding money. They are
the ones that do the most harm. If they have foul brood
they say, " Well, bee-keeping doesn't pay very well ; I will
let that go. If the bees live they will live, and if they don't
they will die." If we had a foul-brood law we could send
the inspector there ; he would condemn the apiary, and the
man would either have to clean it up or destroy it. The
most danger that we have from foul brood is from this man
who keeps bees in anything from a nail-keg up to a dry-
goods box, and they are in such shape that you can't do
anything with them but destroy them. They are like a
man that has horses that have distemper. After his horses
have it he doesn't care whose get it. If we can only get a
foul-brood law, and go before the Legislature and see our
representatives in our different districts and tell them,
" Now, you be sure and vote for this foul-brood law," why,
we would have accomplished a great deal for Illinois.

Mr. Thompson — I don't think, like Dr. Miller, that the
five or six gentlemen here who have foul brood don't need
the law. I haven't foul brood in my own apiary, but I dis-
covered it about half a mile from me, and I think I am in
need of a law as much as any man in Illinois. I have to
watch very closely now so that it doesn't get in mine. I
was fortunate in finding a man who was willing to destroy
it, as far as I know. All foul brood that was discovered is
now in ashes.

Mr. Wilcox — How can you prevent it getting in yours,
if it is within half a mile of you ?

Mr. Thompson — The State law will help.

Dr. Miller — I believe that this organization can do more
than any other agency in the State towards securing a foul-
brood law. I very much doubt whether any of you would
dispute that. I believe that if the whole time of this con-
vention from now until the final adjournment should be
taken up in discussing this, and then action should be taken
resulting in getting a foul-brood law, it would be time well
spent. I am not advising that, but only to show the im-
portance I think attaches to this subject.
(Continued next n-eek.)

Please send us Names of Bee-Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them s.am-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterward get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Bees and Pear-Blight— Some Information.

BY J. E. JOHNSON.

ON page 77, Mr. Mitchell seems to doubt the truthfulness
concerning my having 900 pear-trees free from blight,
and prefers affidavits from disinterested neighbors.
Now, my neighbors are all pratty much interested, but if
he will write to the bank of Williatnsfield, 111., or C. C.
Davis it Co., grain merchants, or the postmaster at the
same place (enclosing a stamp for return postage), they
will enlighten him.

I have also 900 other trees — peaches, apricots, Japan
plums — and will plant more pears this year. I am, how-
ever, a very small orchardist compared with many others.
W. S. Mounts, of this State, has 11,000 pear-trees, and is a
successful grower, and bees spreading blight does not worry
him much.

It is not my intention to misrepresent, or boast of my
ability, but I have very carefully studied the success as well
as failure of other growers, have also studied somewhat
about chemical physiology and pathology, and have a
microscope strong enough to reveal the blight bacteria and
some other agents of the plant-life called bacteria or
microbes, but it does not make them as large and plain as I
should wish. For the benefit of some let me say that the
bacteria family are vegetable organisms, and do not belong
to the animal kingdo^n ; their mode of propagation is by a
process of budding, and they increase very rapidly only in
the elements favorable to their propagation, and no blight
could exist except as the result of a microbe; and if we
care for our trees as Nature has intended, they will not be-
come favorable to the propagation of said organism, hence
they would be blight-proof.

I do not wonder that my article on page 77 was crit-
cised, as I did not write it for publication. I'll tell you how
it was. At the Chicago convention Dr. Miller asked me to
write to him and explain certain things in which we were
both interested. The article was extracts from that letter.
The Doctor has been patiently answering so many of our
questions, and helping us out of our many troubles that I
think he has begun to rejoice in our tribulations, and as I
did not have any particular trouble he thought he would
hunt me up a little, so he sent it to the American Bee Jour-
nal for publication.

Well, criticism taken in moderate doses is very health-
ful, and I am thankful for it.

Now, from what investigations I've made, and from
what experience I've had, and I might say from many other
fool notions, I'll try and tell you my opinion of pear-blight.

The natural home of the pear is in temperate Europe and
Asia. Pear-blight is a thing unknown except in America ;
bees are known nearly the world over. In central France
a pear-tree that was over 600 years old was destroyed a few
years ago by storm. It was known as the Oueen Anne
pear-tree. In the suburbs of Boston are French seedling
pear-trees nearly 200 years old, free from blight. In Illinois
are pear-trees from 60 to 80 years old bearing regular crops,
and have never had blight : these are French seedlings,
and have been neither fertilized nor cultivated.

Almost any pear-tree will grow rapidly in soil poor
enough to starve an apple-tree to death. Their roots pene-
trate the earth deeper than any other fruit-tree, which
shows plainly it reaches some element not abundant near
the surface. And I claim that when a tree is heavily fer-
tilized with nitrogenous manure the growth is forced un-
naturally, and will cause too abundant a flow of sap to the
buds or blossoms, or any part of its new growth, and that
the super-abundant supply of sap becomes favorable to the
propagation of the blight bacteria, which is one of the
agents of fermentation, plainly distinguished by the odor.
I think the blight bacteria can and does live in the air,
especially when moist and warm. Natural warm air is
always moist, and contains more water than cold air, and
moist, warm weather is very well known to be very favor-
able to the spreading of blight, in my opinion, from two
causes, viz.: First, by causing abundant sap in the tree ;
second, by being favorable to the blight-germ.

There are hosts of different kinds of disease-germs in

136

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 2b, 1903.

the air we breathe, and in the water we drink, but they do
not produce sickness unless some parts of our bodies are
favorable for their lodg^ment, when they will propagate and
cause sickness. Now, the air always contains water, and
what we call pure water also contains air. A pear-tree,
body and branch, contains both water and air. The air in
the sap, or water of the tree, contains nearly 35 percent of
oxygen which passes from the earth throug^h the body,
branch and leaves ; also the air, not in the water of the
sap, which contains only 20 percent of oxygen, which is in-
haled by the leaves. Now, if the blight-bacteria live in the
moist, warm air, and the tree itself contains air, the air
contains water, and so does every live tree, what is to hin-
der it from entering any part of its new growth and propa-
gating if the sap is favorable to its propagation ? I be-
lieve there is a limit to the amount of sap any tree can
carry, and when there is a super-abundance of sap, or an
element of that sap, it becomes subject to the agents of fer-
mentation, of which the blight-bacteria are members.
Some varieties are either able to utilize more sap, and form
into wood or fruit-growth, or are more careful in the selec-
tion from the elements of the earth, therefore more proof
against the germ. Rapid growers are not always the most
subject to blight, but any variety will blight if abundantly
stimulated.

From what experience I have had, and from what in-
vestigations I have made, I am led to believe that although
the blight-bacteria wiil live in the nectar of the blossoms,
they will not bud and propagate there unless in rainy or
moist weather, which would tend to prevent the bees from
utilizing the nectar, or rains or heavy dews which would
dilute the nectar, thereby rendering it subject to fermenta-
tion, and therefore the bees would be, to a certain extent, a
means of prevention of blight by keeping the nectar from
becoming soured or stale. It is a well-known fact that sea-
sons that are dry, and the bees working on blossoms every
day, are just the seasons when blight spreads very little ;
and seasons of rainy weather, when bees are hindered from
working on blossoms, are the seasons when blight often
does the most damage.

That bees are agents in destroying the means of their
own existence is contrary to the laws of Nature, which are
God's laws, and always correct.

In conclusion let me say, do not understand me to mean
that a pear-tree must be starved to be healthy, but that it
must not be stimulated. Analysis of the pear-fruit shows
that generally it contains about one-third less nitrogen than
the apple, and more than twice the amount of potash, three
times the amount of lime, and nearly twice the amount of
phosporic acid and sulphuric acid. Therefore, feed the tree
the elements it uses when it bears heavily. All these ele-
ments are present in the soil, but the element used is what
should be replaced. Abundance of nitrogen causes rank
wood-growth. Phosphorous is a mineral, very essential to
pear-trees. Potash is the backbone of all fruit-manures.
The last two are abundant in wood ashes. Potash gives
color and flavor to fruit, and makes trees productive. Nitro-
gen retards production. Knox Co., 111.

Suggestions to Writers— Queen-Rearing.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

ON page 55 is the conclusion of an article by Mr. Adrian
Getaz, which has appealed to me in several ways. It is
quite evident that some of the criticisms to which he
has been subjected have hurt, and lest it should cause him
more or less to cease his writing, I want to begin this arti-
cle with a word of cheer to him, and to all others who are
sincerely and unselfishly trying to advance the science of
bee-culture to the end that it may become both a more
pleasant pastime and a more profitable business.

He complains of being accused of dogmatism. Well,
that is a trifle. There are two classes of persons prone to
use that accusation against an author — those who are envi-
ous, and those who are prejudiced, and neither are worth
considering. But the assertive, dogmatic style, while not
conducive to popularity, serves a very useful purpose — it
arouses opposition. This, when aroused in the mind of
another enthusiast, is conducive to new investigations,
deeper research, and live discussion. Ofttimes the dog-
matic form is the only one that will arouse some persons,
but, once aroused, their work and their writings are well
worth all the censure, criticism and pain it took to get
them.

Again, he complains of being taken to task for not

embracing in a single article everything relating to a topic.
Some people want a free text-book with every issue of the
paper.

Yet, again, he writes of being tasked with not being
up-to-date on biological matters. A recent remark of a
biologist may console him and some of the rest of us :
" The only way to be up-to-date in biology is to live in the
' to-morrow.' " Theories are like a clothes-horse — while the
latter are to hang clothes on, the former are to hang ex-
periments on. If they will support the experiments they
are good, and we call them "laws;" if not, we cast them
aside and make new ones.

Further along, Mr. Getaz remarks on some details of
queen-rearing, and names " three imperious conditions." I
think that if he will consider the following, and will care-
fully experiment thereon, he will revise those conditions :

The first and greatest essential — the one without which
all else is useless — is a nurse-force of young bees. Further-
more the presence of old bees is a detriment. Size of nurse-
force is a relative quantity.

The second essential is, eggs, or larvae under three days
from the egg.

And, third, the presence of pollen, and honey or syrup
readily accessible to the nurses.

To explain : Young bees do all the nursing. Old bees,
when present with them, sometimes help themselves to
" pap " which should go to the development of larva;. This
is particularly so in inclement weather.

Size of nurse-force should be governed by three things —
season of year, number of cells to be " grown," and hive-
chamber, its shape and size. A nurse-force of a given size
can care for more cells if they are grouped in the center of
a chamber which the nurses nearly fill, than if strung out
in a long row in a chamber which the nurses can only
partly fill.

The second condition is well understood and acknowl-
edged.

The third is all too often forgotten, at least the pollen
part. To obviate any chance of scrimping of larval food,
it is essential that pollen should be present in the queen-
rearing colony ; and whether honey is present or not, or
whether or not nectar is being gathered, more uniform re-
sults are secured and danger is removed by keeping a sup-
ply of syrup in a feeder always accessible to the bees.

To prove the correctness of the foregoing, take a pint
of young bees — those just preceding the age of field-work
and younger; give them eggs or larva; for two to four
queens and the other conditions as stated, and fine queens
will result. Also take a peck, more or less, of old bees —
field-bees; give them any number of eggs or larvse j'ou
choose, and all the other conditions, and not once in a
thousand will the resulting queens be worth the bother of
killing. Providence Co., R. I.

\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters \

Conducted bij EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, III.
Fastening- Foundation in Sections.

Mr. Erdman, on page 108, tells how he controls the heat
from the lamp while fastening foundation in sections with
the Daisy fastener. I use the Daisy fastener, but have
never had any trouble in controlling the heat, by turning
the flame of the lamp up when I wanted it warmer, or down
when I wanted it cooler.

Have any of the sisters had any of the trouble men-
tioned ?

Bees Short of Stores— Feeding-,

On account of sickness and lack of help I failed to pre-
pare my bees for winter. Before I could attend to them
some colonies died for want of food. I fed them the best
granulated sugar, two parts sugar to one of water. I fed
them in a glass fruit-jar with cloth tied over the top and
inverted. They will carry down two quarts during the
night ; some I have fed six quarts. I am sick with -la grippe,
and unable to attend to them. I forgot to say that the last

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

137

two times I fed them my daughter was sick, and the siii,'ar
was made into a good syrup, but not near the boiling ptiiiit.
Some that was left was all crystallized, and I am afraid it
is that way in the hives. If so, is there danger of the bees
starving ? I know there is plenty in there if they can use
it. Please let me know whether they are safe, or if there is
anything I can have done, as I think of them all night long.
Cass Co., Mo.. Feb. 3. Lucv M. Wacnkk.

You say that your syrup crystallized, and you evidently
fear that the trouble came from not boiling the syrup.

It is not at all likely that boiling syrup makes any differ-
ence. It would crystallize just as quick after boiling as be-
fore. The sugar is already cooked as thoroughly as it can
be, all it needs is to be dissolved. All the boiling does to
the sugar is to dissolve it. Cold water will do that, too.

The right thing to do is to feed early, and feed thin.
That will give the bees a chance to evaporate and make the
chemical changes necessary to prevent granulation.

If you use a Miller feeder you can put in the syrup, or
you can put in the dry sugar, anywhere from one to IS
pounds. Then make a depression in the center and add a
very little water at first. After that has soaked slowly
through the sugar, so that the first that goes into the feeder
will be sweet, you can add as much water as you want to —
you need not bother to measure it. Of course, the amount
of water used must be governed somewhat by the amount of
sugar used. If you use only one pound of sugar, you would
hardly fill the feeder full of water, but if IS pounds is used
you can put in as much water as will go in. When the bees
have taken it up, put in more water, and so on until all the
sugar is used up. This is an easy and nice way to feed.

A crock-and-plate feeder can be used also with sugar
and water. But remember you can not feed thin feed late
in the season, because too-thin feed is unwholesome for
winter stores.

When late feeding must be done, use five parts sugar to
two of water, and add one even teaspoonful of tartaric acid
to 20 of sugar to prevent granulation. It is betterto use the
feed hot, for the reason that the bees will take it down
faster.

If you have extracted honey you can make Scholz candy
and feed them candy in place of syrup. In winter this will
be very much better.

What you want to know is. What to do about it now. It
is not likely that your syrup crystallized so badly but that
your bees can at least use part of it. The first warm day it
may be well to examine and see how the matter stands.
Then supply what is lacking by giving them Scholz candy,
or, as you are so far South, and it is getting so late in the
season that it is likely your bees will have a flight every
two or three days, you can give them thin syrup.

A New Stove-Blacking.

Instead of blacking the kitchen stove, to smut uten-
sils, hands, and flat-irons, dissolve beeswax and gasoline
and rub it over the stove when cold. The result is a very
good imitation of blacking, and there is neither dust nor
smut. — National Stockman and Farmer.

^ The Afterthought. % \

The "Old Reliable" seen through Mew and Unreliable Qlasseg.
By B. e. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

OSMOSIS, TJMBIUCAL CORD, ETC.

And Osmosis wishes to exterminate the Umbilical Cord.
First we know the Umbilical Cord will sail in to exterminate
Osmosis; and, dreadful to see, they may Kilkenny-cat each
other. Well, if Atavism sitting on the fence is left to us we'll
manage to get along. Page 45.

FEEDING IN THE OPEN AIR.

The inverted can, resting on a square of thick cloth — and
lots and lots of them — for feeding the whole apiary in the
open air. Very simple; and yet it has not often been sugg<s(rd
before — if at all. A. F. Foote, page 45, finds it to work well.
Chances to fail with it though, I surmise.

POROUS COVKIir-XQ FOR HIVES.

Mr. Holterm'iinn's stylo of putting the argument in favor
of porous covering in outdoor wintering will sound unusual to
some. May be all right just the same.

"If the change of air has to be accomplished by the en-
trance alone, the bees must exert themselves to create a draft,
and this is not goo<l."

Is it common, even when air inside gets pretty bad, for
lices to fan in winter? I'm not positive, but incline to say it
is not. Of course, they do not fan except when the cluster is
broken up. at least to some extent — but perchance few of us
know exactly how often that takes place. Page 54.

A COMB FOUNDATION SEPARAIXJR.

A fomidation separator — to hold up part of the weight of
the Ijecs, and to make it impossible for them to elongate the
adjacent cells. Tliis is not for sections but for full deptli
combs. Defends their full space, and keeps them from being
built with protuberances and hollows. This appears to be a
good thing. Morley Pettit, page 54.

DIFFERENT BREEnS AND QUALITIES.

Mr. Getaz will probably admit that diff'erent breeds of
cows give milk of different qualities and decidedly different
richness; but I see he rigidly bars off anything of the kind in
different breeds of nurse bees.

May be

If Mr. G. he

Was a ba-bee bee

He would more light see —

and cry for some of that Jersey Food instead of that old
thin stuff. Page 55.

FRAME OF BROOD AND SHAKEN BEES.

J. T. Hairston reads his experience that a frame of brood
does harm in a shaken swarm, and that thej- stay better with-
out it. Rather str.inge — but genuine experience among bees
will now and then be strange. As to their starting queen cells
on it the first thing, I rather guess that's something more than
merely local and exceptional. Frame can be taken out again
after being in a week and serving its purpose to prevent ab-
sconding. Page 55.

NON-LEAKING SHIPPING CASES.

Queer that so obvious a device to prevent cases from leak-
ing was not more talked of and used long ago. (Paraffin or
wax melted and run around the corners.) With either plan in
imiversal use the wholesale man would find some cases leak-
ing. Which plan on the whole would conduce to the least leak-
ing? On the one hand there's the didu't-see-'em cracks and
holes, and the springing loose due to being mercilessly banged
on the road, or due to poor nailing. On the other hand,
there's the blunderer who spoils the tray in the first instance,
and the examination blunderer, who takes out a section to
• look at and tears down the paper wall as he rams it recklessly
back. But on the whole, I guess the paper trays have i't.
Among other merits they keep the wood from soaking until
it looks badly, so the cases are nicer to use a second time.
Pages 59 and 52.

DR. LAMBOTTES IDEAS ABOUT FOUL BROOD.

"Powerful weak" — is Dr. Lambotte's attempt to upset the
established ideas about foul brood. Providing, that is, that
Adrian Getaz, on page 62, gives us a fair idea of the argu-
ment. If the field was entirely clear, and nobody knew a thing
about the cause of foul brood, he ovight to make a more con-
clusive case for his explanation and bug before inviting the
whole world to adopt his views.

HONEY ON TIRED EYELIDS.

How does that honey on the eyelids operate to rest the
tired eye inside? Want to know, you know. If the parts
surroimding the ball are fevered (quite likely they are in such
a case) I can imagine that closing the pores of the skin might
cheek the local fever, and that when the local fever wa.'J
checked the eye would get well faster. When I was a boy and
hands "ot desperately sore and crackled up in the autumn
winds, plenty of honey ruhlied on and stockings drawn over
to keep froni daubing "the sheets would take the fever all out
between bedtime and morning, and give the cracks a nice start
toward healing. Page 67.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

138

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

CONDUCTED BT

OR. O. O. MILLER, Mareaeo, m.

[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv mail. — Editor. 1

Tartaric Acid in Syrup— A Correction.

On page 89, the statenieot is made that to prevent
granulation of syrup an even teaspoonful of tartaric acid
should be used for each 30 pounds of sugar. I don't know
whether the fault was mine or the printer's, but that 30
should be 20. It is possible that the smaller quantity would
do in some if not most cases, but the teaspoonful for every
20 pounds is surer. The better plan, however, is to feed so
early and so thin that no acid is needed. C. C. MiHER.

Recipe for Making " Good " Gandy.

Please give the recipe in full for making the "Good"
candy for bees to winter on. I have extracted honey and
sugar.

Answer as soon as possible. I have no text-book and
cannot find any recipe. Ontario.

Answer. — Heat the extracted honey, being very sure
not to burn it, and stir it into the sugar till it seems quick
thick, and take it from the fire. Then pretend you're
kneading bread dough, with sugar instead of flour. Have
the dry sugar on your bake-board, put the sugar-dough on
it, and knead all the sugar into it you can. Let it stand a
day or two, and then knead some more sugar into it until it
is quite stiff, unless it is already quite stiff. That's all
there is of making the Scholz or Good candy.

You probably have little idea how much a text-book on
bees would be worth to you.

Taldns Bees Out-Best Extracting-Frames— Chunk
Honey— Best Bees.

1. I have 14 colonies of bees in a cellar that I made in a
bank. It is 6 feet square by S feet high, and an A-shape
roof with an air-pipe in the center of the roof. I put the
bees about a foot from the ground. The cellar is very dry.
The bees seem quiet so far. What time do you think will
be the best, in this climate, to take the bees out in the
spring ?

2. Will pure honey sour before candying, or afterward ?

3. Which is the better frame for extracting, the shallow,
or regular Laugstroth frame ?

4. Which is the most profitable to produce, chunk honey
or extracted ?

5. What strain of Italian bees do you consider the best?
And to what kind of bees do you give the preference ?

Idaho.
Answers. — 1. I don't know enough about the climate
in Idaho to say. A good time is about the time red or soft
maple is in bloom ; but you may not have any trees of that
kind in your neighborhood. When they can fly out fre-
quently, say every three or four days, you will be safe to
take them out.

2. Yes, it may if it is thin enough, or is in a place where
it becomes thin enough.

3. A shallow frame is considered preferable, but many
use the regular Langstroth frame so as to have only one
kind of frame.

4. That depends largely upon your market. If there is
a good market for chunk honey at a fair price, that is best ;
otherwise not.

5. Those that give the best results in storing, no mat-
ter what kind or color. The leather-colored Italians are per-
haps as hopeful as any ; but leather-colored Italians are by
no means all alike.

Pull Drawn Combs vs. Starters Dummies.

1. I have been reading that full drawn combs are not the
right tiling to use, but to use starters. What would be the

best thing to do with old combs that are in hives where the
bees had died? Could not the cells be shaved off and just the
base or foundation be left, and then let the bees haVe them
just as you would foundation?

2. What are dummies made of, and how are they made?

I will give my experience with a swarm inside of a house.
Last July (5) I went over to Perry to visit a friend of mine,
and he had a swarm in the side of his house which had been
in there for eight years. They liad gone in at the comer of
an upstairs window, and they had built combs up and down,
and between one of the studdings of the outside of the house,
and had then gone in between the upstairs floor and ceiling of
one of the lower rooms. Tliere were combs that were 10 feet
long, I secured 100 pounds of white honey that was free from
pollen and young larvae. The queen was the largest I ever
saw, she was a third larger than any in my apiary at home,
cells that were like large peanuts. They were crossest bees I
ever worked with, being a gray color. I took them out and put
them in a new hive, and they stored enough to keep them this
winter. I will report more about this swarm of bees the com-
ing summer. Iowa.

Answers. — I. Most bee-keepers would count old combs
out of which bees had died as valuable stock, and would give
them to bees to use over again. Better find out whether start-
ers are better for i/ou than are full combs before you decide
to prefer the starters.

2. A dummy is made of wood, pine being the best wood
for it. Make a board with a top-bar to it so that the whole
thing shall be much the same as a frame filled out solid with
wood. It may be an inch thick, but i inch in thickness will
answer as well or better, depending upon where you mean to
use it.

Bee-Sting Remedies.

Some bee-keepers may congratulate themselves for receiv-
ing slight pain when stung by a honey-bee, while others have
to bear intense pain, as was my case last simimer. In hiving
a swarm I had the misfortune to receive a sting on the left
ear. After a short time, about five minutes, I began to itch
intensely, then my entire body broke out as though I were
stung all over by the bees. What is a good preventive for a
sting? I used' spirits of ammonia, but to no effect.

Illinois.

Answer. — In the case mentioned, the best preventive
would have been a bee-veil. If you mean the best I'emedy,
there is none. Perhaps it might be better to say there are
hundrds of them, for nearly every one will tell you of this or
that i-emedy that has proved best. Possibly nothing is better
than a local application of common mud or wet clay, of course,
getting out the sting the first thing. When the whole body is
affected in the way you mention some have found relief by a
pack in a wet sheet. If you have not had piany stings it is
quite possible that after receiving a few more the system
will become so habituated to it that there will not be any
very bad results from a sting. In some eases, however, the
results continue to be so bad that it is advisable to give up
trying to work with bees.

Questions on Management.

1. Can I make a weak colony strong in the spring by
taking a frame of hatching brood and adhering bees from a
strong colony and adding it to the. weak one?

2. Can' old comb be wired? If not, can I use it in the
extractor ?

3. If bees are shaken on starters only, as suggested by
many bee-men, would they not build too much drone-comb
in the brood-nest?-

■4. If I can increase by taking a frame of brood, having a
ripe queen-cell, from a strong colony in the spring, and put
this in nucleus, should an empty comb take its place in the
old hive?

5. A sheet of foundation is put in a hive between two
combs; now, the bees will, in most cases, bulge the combs on
either side of this sheet of foundation, instead of drawing it
out. What is the remedy? Kentucky.

Ans\vers. — -I. It will make it stronger — probably about
•'5.000 bees stronger, if it is a pretty full frame — but it 4e-
])ends upon how weak the colony is whether that will make it
a strong one. As a general rule one frame of brood would
not make a weak colony strong. But look out that you do not
do not do more harm than good by taking brood from a strong

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

139

colony to give to a weak one. The frame of brood will do
more good in a strong colony than in a weak one, unless the
strong one lie very strong.

2. You cannot wire lliom, but you can use them in the ex-
tractor without wiring. Thousands of combs were used in
extractors before wiring was known.

2. There is much danger of it. Some practice giving four
or live frames with starters, and when these are about filled
giving the balance of the frames filled full of foundation.

4. One frame of bro<id will do if you have bees enough
with it. If you mean to take only the bees adhering to the
one frame of brood, that would be a rather weak nucleus.
Two frames of brood with adhering bees would be a good
deal better.

5. If you put a sheet of foundation right in the middle of
the brood-nest, with brood each side of it, there will be no
bulging where the brood is, and perhaps none at the upper
part if the honey is sealed there. If there is unsealed honey
in the upper part, there is likely to be bulging there, and vou
can remedy the matter by slicing off the bulged part. You
can also keep the frames of foundation at one side of the hive.

Italianizing— Shaken Swarms-Stimulative Feeding-
Transferring.

1. Wliat time ne.xt season would it be best to Italianize
my bees, to secure the most honey and pay me all around?
They are blacks, and rather poor workers (in 8-fr-inie hives).

2. In practicing shaken swarms, should the super be put
on at once, or wait until the brood-chamber is nearly filled?
In shaking bees off combs would the queen be injured? And
would the remaining bees (say one-sixth) in the old hive,
with brood, rear a- good queen? Would you use starters or
full sheets of foundation in this plan?

3. Would it pay to practice stimulating feeding next
spring? When should I eommence in this locality (Southern
Iowa), and how much a day should I feed? Tliis locality is
poor for spring bloom, and bees are rather light.

4. I have some bees in a box-hive to transfer. Would you
transfer in fruit-bloom or wait until about swarming-time,
and use the forced-swarm method? ' Iowa.

Answers. — 1. A little difficult to say. So far as concerns
getting in better stock, the sooner the change is made the
better ; but then the change is in danger of interfering some-
what with the progress of the colony. Besides it is easier to
get good queens later, so it may be well not to make the
change till the harvest is well under way.

2. Supers may be put on at once if an excluder is used;
otherwise wait two or three days till the queen has a fair start
at haying below. The queen is not likely to be injured by being
shaken off the combs. I would not expect the very best queens
reared in the hive with only a few bees, and a good deal of
time would be lost if the start was made with a young larva.
Full sheets of foundations may be given, or else four or five
frames given with starters, and when these are filled give the
balance with full sheets.

3. Unless you have a good deal of experience, you may do
more harm than good with stimulative feeding, but if you
want to try it better try it with part of your colonies and see
how they compare with the others. Do not begin till bees fly
every day, and then feed a poimd cr so every other evening.

4. ^'ery likelj' it will be better to wait till swarming.

Moving an Apiary a Short Distance.

I have two small apiaries located about forty rods apart.
One apiary contains eight colonies. I moved them in a row,
placing them about four inches apart^ and packed them with

chaff on all sidjs, excepting the front, which is south, and
placed a board before the entrance of each hive. They seem
to be doing well at this date.

The other apiary contains twenty-one colonies, and is
packed in the same manner. In the spring I wish to move
them to a new location, together, about midway between their
present locations. What precautions should be taken in mov-
ing them, and when should it be done? Ohio.

ANSWEii. — If it were not for the packing you could move
them any time now. But it is better not to disturb the pack-
ing until later, so you might postpone the moving until time
for spring flight. If you could move them just before their
first flight it would be well. When a day comes with the
temperature at 45 degrees or higher in the morning, and
rising all the time, with a bright sun and not windy, you may
be pretty sure of a good flight-day, and then will be a good
time to move them. Shut the bees in the hives, handle the
hives roughly in moving them, and when it gets warm enough
for them to fly freely — say 50 degrees or more — pound on the
hives well, and then open them. First, however, it will be a
good plan to make everything on the old locations look as
different as possible, so that they shall not look like home to
the bees. It would be no harm also to put boards in front
of the hive entrances.

Forced Swarming.

I wrote to you about one year ago asking advice concern-
ing a colony of bees that I had which I feared had foul brood.
I want to report now that I found later that the disease was
foul brood, and I found four other colonies with the disease,
all of which I treated on the ilcEvoy plan in June, with entire
success, at least I have not seen any symptoms of it since. I
examined them carefully several times, and made a special
examination when I fixed them for winter in October, and I
believe they are cured.

Now, Doctor, I want to adopt the forced-swarm plan the
coming summer ; I do not want to increase. I have read what
has been written lately in the bee-papers on this subject, and
yet, when I think of doing the work on the plans suggested,
there are a few questions that arise in my mind.

1. To have no increase I must make three drives, the sec-
ond one in 21 days. Will the second and third drive be ac-
cepted by the new colony without quarreling? And if not,
how shall I proceed to make them behave peaceably?

2. May there not be a new queen in the old hive, and lay-
ing some time before the third drive, or should I cut out the
cells? Ohio.

Answers. — 1. The business is expected to be done at a
time when bees are gathering and not at all inclined to be
quarrelsome, so no precautions need be taken.

2. When you make a shaken swarm you are expected to
shake the com'bs, and to shake them hard. That will destroy
all advanced cells, at least all sealed cells, at the first drive.
The same thing will occur at the second drive, leaving no
chance for a laying queen at the third drive. If a virgin
queen should be present, she can be left to the tender mercies
of the bees.

Allow me to add that there is no lav? compelling you to
make a third drive, and, between you and me, I don't believe
I'd make any drive after the first. Y''ou can shake and brush
off all the bees at the first drive, and then you're done with
it so far as that colony is concerned. Then you can pile up
the beeless brood on some weak colony, piling it up till j'ou
have four, five, or six stories of brood, an excluder preventing
the queen from laying in the upper stories. Then when the
brood has hatched out, you can take away the combs, or leave
them to be filled with honey. If you are so unfortunate (?)
as to have no weak colony, you could use a strong one.

St';j!ga.«^i^°ElFrgSVPI?IC[$l2Y^^aiflANTEr

WJ'-.bOmi l$?gg ilOOf,'jg|$lllgv200li'!9| WHY noW

|W''''tfigfe^HERC0.l^sr'^",^iillSPRIN0Fig^Pc;HiO.

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Catalog- Free. Garden City, Kan.

FROM MANY FIELDS.
(Continued from pa^e 130.)

consequence they would not be so rare or
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and one that was reared from a worker-
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140

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., U. S. A.

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always tvanted at Iiigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mention Bee Journal -wh^^n -arritinp

FOR THE BEST

lfIVE»$. S.nOKERS, EX'I'RACrOKS, FOi;i>OA'rtOr%

AND ALL

BEE-KKEPERS' SUPPL,IES,

Address, LE^A-K^S" l^:F'(Oi: OO.

Please Mention the Bee Journal ^^^^^^^^^^^

Advertisers .....

it that you can't rear a queen from an
egg taken from a worker cell that will
have a colony that large at this time of
the year.

In reply to "The Charge of Dr. Gal-
lup," a bit of poetry on page 44 — I wish to
say that I do not. condemn queen-saving
or queen-selling, but I do say, and say
it from experience, that I honestly believe
that the only queens that are really of
any value are those reared from eggs
that the queen deposited in cell-cups, and
that any queen reared from worker-eggs
is worthless. Furthermore, if any queen-
breeder wants to rear good, long-lived
queens, just bring about the condition in
a hive where the bees will start plenty of
cells, and the queen will lay in them and
save all the cells, and send out those
queens to your customers and let me hear
about it and I will probably want some
myself, but I won't have them shipped
with a few bees by mail, but with at least
two Hoffman frames and bees by ex-
press.

In the last verse of said poetry above
referred to. "big guns" are mentioned.
Don't you know big guns are out of date,
especially those black powder, smoky
kind? We use only high-pressure smoke-
less powder and quick-firing guns on this
coast. Geo. B. 'Whitcomb.

Liim Co., Ore.

Bee-Keeping in Texas.

While bee-men in the north are wish-
ing that their beehives were blocks of
priceless coal, I am tempted to write a
few lines to apprise ycu of conditions
in central Texas, with special reference
to the bees.

During the month of January we have
had but three frosts : the days have for
the most part been warm and sunny, and
the lowest temperature recorded for the
month was 24 degrees (that's above zero.

THEBEST BUG6Y

Sold

direct

to you Is the celebrated

"SPLIT HICKORV'SPEGIAL

and the price 1b only »*'•«» a"!) 'I '»^JJ'i.*£
nnv one anywhere on !JO W.^ » S 1 Kl-.l-.
XRI.\I.. to enable purchaser to eee how fjood It
IB. Hli-li quality, low piii-e. Guaranteed 2 years.
Free trial hetore l.uvlni;. What more do you
wanf Send fnr nnr Liru'e free Catalogue of
Splitllirknry \'fhii-l.'H and Harness. Address
OHIO CARRIAGE MFO. CO., Station 6 CJQclnnall.O.

PJei

ItlRE

PRAVING

(lurUne of sprnyers ann appli-
anot's Ilta every man s needs.

and.Knapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power

pprayern.fwpnty pfyles. Best nozzles

Sir Relfct'tlip nsrfnl .ind rHiabl-.Cataloi;: free
THE DE MING CO.. Salem. Ohio.

Please mention Bee Journai ■when ■wrritinp.

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

141

you understand). To-day, Jan. 27, has
been the warmest recorded, being 78 de-
grees in the shade. For the past week
the bees have been out sunning themselves
and incidentally getting into all kinds of
mischief. There is little for them to
gather at this time of the year, and noth-
ing but a small boy can get into more
mischief than an apiary of idle bees.

To-day I made a formal call on all of
■ them. By the Carniolans I was received
peaceably ; by the Holy Lands with in-
difference, and by the Cyprians with many
objections. However, all had sufficient
stores, and were soon left to their own
sweet will. A colony of pure blacks,
which I captured in the woods last fall,
and which are not yet thoroughly tamed,
boiled out of the hive in confusion when
the latter W'as opened, and the whole col-
ony tried to get away, but ultimately re-
turned, as good bees should. Have you
ever noticed that you can domesticate a
colony of "wild" bees by careful handling
for a few weeks or months, so that they
will not boil over and persist in getting
where you don't want them ?

And with all our blessings, we now
have a honey flow ! Not a large one, 'tis
true, but nevertheless the bees are daily
gathering pollen and a little nectar from
both the Japan quince and from mignon-
nette, both of which are cultivated upon
the college campus. And, by the way,
that Japanese quince acts very much as
if it would be valuable if cultivated for
honey — not for a surplus crop, but for
spring building — as it is perhaps the ear-
liest bloomer of all native plants in cen-
tral or eastern Texas.

We expect our honey flow to commence
about March i. Abundant rains have
blessed all parts of Texas, which is an
almost infallible indication of a good
honey crop the spring following. Unless

li

JOHNSON & STOKES,
217-219 Market St., Philadelphia,

Viease mentio

3 Jour

r *^t: v-rii!Jlfa

HI(>UINSV1LLE BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are e.iual to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Pko<-kessi\'E Bee-
Keepek, price, SO cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell al fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATKN.
Coialog Free. Round Rock, Tex.

STARTING

nurseries. Of apple trees :{J.^
I, e'Tlainly uowhere tliis year.
Ill strt*iii;th. No si^n of disease.

SUPERIOR
Apple
Tree

STOCK

.Many th..u.-iaiiil Ti

Summer.

Summer Uambo.

Red Astrachan,

Rm(1 .Tune,

Yellow Tr[insl>arent.

'ver u luindred varieties,
but .samples.

WiMer.

KinK. Jonathan,

Autumn

Cravenstein,

Maiden's Blush,

lluchess,

Fall Ranibo.

Wi

|. M.ip,

Ili.W.T,

; Wiiitc

Every kind worth planting, all in pink of condition. Write at once for Special Apple Tree
List. Wepaek astew nnrservrncn do. Sale delivery guaranteed to any part ul U. .S.
Headquarters for Peach and Kii'lli'r I'ear Trees, Strawberry Plants, Asparagus Roots, etc.
Catalogue mailed free, u • < ki • D CO D I* \JU

Harrison s Nurseries, Uox a!7,t>erlin, No.

Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from rae. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien writtofSt

'Money Saved'

Slie 21
on h.»ltoi
. famllj' wtuhlng i:

WHOLESALE catalog.
(We sell only to the
trade in Michigan.* We
manufacture or import
direL't almost every-
tliinu' we sell, and pruar-
antee a sa^Tnp: of from
l-i tu 1^, the prire asked
bv retail dealers. Es-

house like this. Send at oi
S.ILE lUii'itriiti'ii cnliilosue. , .

uill write yni a special letter if y'
what yuu want t"' buy. Nolrouliletoi

Gi-and Rapids I Why
don't you { No other
:e for our SOO-pnpe WHOLE-

H. LEONARD CSL SONS.

(5RA\n RAPiiis, Mini.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen writint'

TO BE GIVEN AWAY.

For Next 30 Days Only,

we will mall our fine valuahle Poultry
Book FUKE. Tells you all about poultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
eprga, contains colored plate of fowls in

JOHN°VaUSCH°ER. IR.. B:j »4'!°f'bEe'pORT. Ill^

BARGAIMSTlN SEEDS

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For hatching and hrood-
inp use the best reasonable priced
Incubatora ajid Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS

L. A. Banta. Llconler, Indiana

Please mention theBee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that BOm. Send 10c for pamplesand partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

businesB. Draper Publl8blagCo.,Cblcago*IU.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writina

Tennessee dueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select lonir-todgued
(Moore's , and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Ured3J4 miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1 50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
ud for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

■iMbi SPRING HILL, TENN.

t^ep^f^ mention Bee .loiirnai when ■^'n'itjjig

Marnhfleld MaDnfacturipg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, atid they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin B.\SSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full Hue of BEE-
SUPPIylES. Writejfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

f lease mention Bee Journal when wntme.

142

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

Please mention the Bee Journal. J

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T F. BINGHAM. Farwell. Mich

Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitmEf

\rr2 HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.

We have received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon. These goods
are equal to if not the best on the market. Give
ns a trial order. We are also ag'ents for the
Progressive Uke Keeper, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

TOPEKA SUPPLY HOUSE,

TOPEKA, KAN.

3 I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in constructiou a
action. Hatches every fert
egg. Write for catalog to-di

GEO. H. STAHL. Qu

46A26t Please mention the Bee Jou

Prevent Honey Candvins:

Sent free to all. ^

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

51Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

-

_

1 1

3??#^

-f-

—

K

^

!_.

_-

5a§£==

-=U

=

p

s

=

=^F=F^e=-

— 1 —

-^

^^

IT'S YOUR MOVE, NOW.

I improved the quality of the wire, andeim-
pllflftd tbe Construction of wire fences. .Move!
PA(JK WOVKN WIUK FENCE C(L, A]»RUN, MICH,
Please mention Bee Journal 'wlien "writing,

son of 1903,
or loug-er, to work with experienced manager of
large apiary. State age, experience, references,
wages expected, etc. Single man with ability
to use carpenter's tools preferred. Address,
P. E. G., care American Bee Jovknal,

144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

nd easy to make
if you work for us. We will start you in
||t:iUBineB8 and furnish the capital. Work
llij^ht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
'iine of Bamples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. IIU.

Flease mentiOL Bee Journal "wlxen ■writina.

BIG BARGA9NS IN BUGGIES

$27.50 :::;v;;?^ri;

w.irth doulilo the frice. «o niak
hnrnoKH too. Write for Catalui
and liberal agency plan.

ECONOMT ItUGGTCO..
Baxj\.&S Cincinnati, Ohio.
'iD6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

"Bee=Keeper's Quide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please Meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

very unfavorable weather prevails dur-
ing tlie honey season — as so many show-
ers as to wash the nectar from the
blooms — Texas will probably produce the
coining spring one of the largest honey
crops on record.

So. while you pass the "long winter
evenings" (which to us are unknown),
reflect that there is one place in the
United States where the bees need no
cellar, and the bee-keeper cares not one
whit about the price of coal.

WiLMON Newell.

Brazos Co., Tex., Jan. •JT.

An Old Subscriber.

Mr. Editor : Some weeks since I saw a
communication in the American Bee
JouRN,\L from one of your subscribers
stating how long since he commenced
taking the "Old Reliable." Well, I imag-
ine that I rank among the oldest of your
patrons, having been a regular subscriber
to the first eight volumes (which I had
bound in calf and still possess) ; also at
irregular intervals ever since when I was
at home and not engaged in business
which prevented me from giving proper
attention to my bees. I have never since
1872 kept more than ten colonies (gen-
erally less) : just enough to supply my
children and grandchildren with a little
";sweet-tooth-filler" semi-occasionally. It
is with unalloyed pleasure that frequently
I take down those old volumes and re-
read the articles by the fathers in (Ameri-
can) apiculture — Alley, Doolittle, Gallup.
Grimes (deceased), A. I. Root, and a
host of others whom my failing memory
cannot recall.

I remember one subject of discussion
which I have not seen mentioned for
years, and which I fancy most of the
modern bee-keepers take but little inter-
est in, viz. : Parthenogenesis. However.
I am intimately with sohie "tots" (em-
bryo bee-keepers, possibly) who exhibit
considerable familiarity with the Greek
polysyllable, because, whenever they visit
their grandsire, he organizes a spelling-
class of eight members, to each of whom
that succeeds in spelling "parthenogenesis"
correctly he gives the choice of a bright
new dime (a supply of which he keeps
on hand for the purpose) or a section
of honey.

Now lest some one of the younger gen-
eration should say "Will that garrulous old
fellow ever cease his chatter?" I will sim-
ply say I am, Your most obedient,

KOMPOPHAKELLEREMON.

Carniolan-Italian Bees.

Some time ago I saw a request in the
American Bee Journal for information
about the Carniolan-Italian bees. In re-
ply to that request and for the benefit
of those who may desire to know some-
thing more of them I will say that I a'^
now using those bees largely. That is to
say. I have over 150 colonies and have
had twp years' experience with them.
For me they are greatly superior to the

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best g-oods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders — all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Our east-
ern customers will save considerable freight
by ordering ftom them. Kind and courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAHY MFG. CO.,
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.

Counting Chicks Before- Hatching

IOWA

ROUND

INCUBATOR

R. C. BauerminBter, Norwood, Minn., gotWSohicks
from 503 eggs. He followed directions, the ma-
chine did the work, because it was built on right
principles and by good workmen. The IOWA
has flber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect.
Our free book gives more testimonials and full
particulars. Everything about incubation free.

IOWA INCUBATOR COMPAKY, BOX 198, DES MOINES, IOWA

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

And How to Qrow Them.

The best book on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells how to grow the biggest
crops of big berries ever produced. The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants bear Big IJerries
and liOts of Them. The onl.v thorough-
bred scientiBcallj-grown Strawberry
Plants to be had for spring planting. One
of them is worth a dozen common scrub
plants. They grow BIG KKD BERRIES,
The book is sent tree to all readers of the
American Bee Journal. Send your address to

R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.

3D6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

We*- X INDIANASTEEL& WIRE CO.

MUMCIE.INDIAItA.

5Dtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

pprr:

^L n P P to-day. or for 4c. in stamps and the
^piill.BB^H of 3 neighbors who are actual seed buyer;
Hwewill send our catalogue and packet of
'the Clanl Red, Madam Ferret PANSY
ifyou write before March 15tli. Address,

COLE'S SEED STORE. Pella. Iowa.
5U4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

luai seea uuyen>

SEED

That Harrison Apple-Tree Sale.— An oppor-
tunity for starting an orchard or planting- even
a few select trees is now afforded fruii-growers
which does not recur every spring. The great
nurseries of Harrison & Sons, of Berlin, Md.,
have been for several seasons making a spe-
cialty of root-graft in tr, and growing of apples
with intent to make wide sales in the spring of
1''03, and by supplying a superior article in
trees secure a vast spread of their trade in a
single season. The object sought was to be ob-
tained by supplying superior stock w^ith no ad-
vance in price. From information we have
through other sources than ihe proprietors, a
view of the Harrison nurseries light now is a
sight to gladden the eye. There are multiplied
thousands of trees which, as was the design of
the Company, are in the pink of condition for
spring planting. Trees coming from this source
are always in good health. This spring they
are especially clean, smooth and vigorous.
Everyone is upon a whole root-graft and the
rooting is strong. It was a part of the plan to
have every variet.v worthy of attention come in
at the same time. Accordingly, over 1(X) vari-
eties. Summer, Fall and Winter apples are
ready to meet the requirements of growers.
The trees are classed for sale and shipping pur-
poses as 3% to 5 ft., 4 to t. ft., and 5 to t. ft. As
special care has been laken in the production
of stock, so it is to be exercised .as well in the
packing to the end that every order shall reach
the purchaser in the pink of condition. The
Harrison people are guaranteeing absolutely
safe delivery of this stock anvwhere in the
United States. Anything which from any cause
arrives in poor condition is to be replaced. A
special apple-tree list showing varieties, sizes,
etc., has been prepared to send to inquirers
about this stock. If you plant even a few trees
this spring, don't fail to write for it. Please
mention the American Bee Journal whjen
writing.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Feb. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

143

Italian and they far excel the Italian in
every good trait save one — they do not
stick to their combs as well. They are
better comb-builders, and that means su-
perior honey-gatherers. They are more
healthy and winter to perfection under
varying circumstances. They breed up
quickly, and always stand ready for a
honey-flow, short or long. As is charac-
teristic of both races, they load very
heavily and readily go over three miles
from choice. I have had many opportuni-
ties to observe this fact, as there are none
of these bees kept in this country except
my own. I have found them at that dis-
tance by the thousands, and at a time
when there was no scarcity of nectar,
either.

They are superior for section honey,
for the reason that they build the comb to
the. wood better and cap it smooth and
white. They also build much faster, and
are always stronger in bees than the
Italians. The swarming propensity alone
prevents them from becoming popular,
though with me they have never given
any trouble in that way. I am confident
that the expert will find a way to work
them ; I have my own peculiar system and
always produce great results with little or
no swarming.

They mostly have the markings of
Italians, though finer, and alternating with
the white, silvery bands of the pure
Carniolans. They are large and very gen-
tle. The queens are dark, rather coarse,
larger as a rule than Italians. Candidly,
I believe them the best of bees for co
honey in existence. After having used
them for two years I am more than pleased
and have decided to do away with my
Italians. The latter have not the strong
nursing power needed in tRis locality and
linger along all spring before getting suf-
ficient strength to do any g.ithering. The
Carniolan-Italians, on the contrary, are
storing when the Italians are only begin-
ning to _ breed fairly: In the northern
climate it may be different ; I know that
a much smaller force is needed there than

with us, J, E. ClI.\MBERS,

Concho Co,, Tex.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 1903.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

Ontario.— There will be a meeting of the bee-
keepers of several counties, and any others, in
the Court House at Brantford. Out,, Canada,
March 3 and 4, beginning at 7 p,m, March 3.
The question of stamping out foul-brood, and
practical discussion as to the management of
bees will take place. The Dominion and Pro-
vincial Governments, it is e.vpected, will be rep-
resented, and from present interest a large turn-
out, even some from distant counties, likely.
All welcome. R. F. Holtekm.^nm.

New York.— A series of Bee Keepers' Insti-
tutes will be held in the State of New York as
follows: Canandaigua, March 2 and 3 ; Romu-
lus, March 4; Auburn, March S; Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, .March 9
and 10; and .\msterdam March 11.

Prof. Frank Benton, Apicultural Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot the Bureau of
Institutes of the State Department of Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.

The New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold its annual meeting
at Syracuse, March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall. Prof. Benton and other prominent
beemen have informed us of their intention to
attend this meeting, and a profitable and inter-
esting session is in store for those who attend.
Special rales have been secured for entertain-
ment at the Manhattan Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day. C. B. How ard, Sec.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

SOS lom 25ft 500)

Sweet Clover (white) t .75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.2S 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, 11,1,

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

laree profitft. Emv work. We furaish capital. Send
10 cenU. for fall line of wmpleaand psrticulare

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal "when writina

Growing Strawberries. — " fireat Crops of
Strawberries and How to Grow Them," is a
booklet, the advertisement of which has been
running- in the Bee Journal for some time. It
is not a mere catalog but a concise treatise on
Plant Physiology, and explains the best meth-
ods of developing the fruit-producing organism
in the plant so that under the cultural methods
prescribed, thev double up on the crop of ber-
ries both in quality and quantity. It surely
does explain how the fruit-producing parts of
the plant exist, and how they can be developed^
and gives the best modern methods of tillage.
Fruit-growers greatly appreciate this work. It
gives them a new light and enthusiasm in the
work, and is surely working a revolution in
strawberry-growing. Yon can get a copy of
this booklet free by addressing R. M. Kellogg,
Three Rivers, Mich., and at the same time
mentioning the American Bee Journal. You
will be delighted with it. Better write for it

T

TITUS NURSERYNE'mm-NEB

Allt Please mention the Bee Journal.

OUR BOOK
5WTOGROW
FRUIT
SEND FOR IT

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are interested in Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published lathe United States.

Wool markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheepbreeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAOO- ILL

Please mention Bee Journal ■when writins

To Buy BEES,

IN OR NEAR
CHICAGO. Address,

LUERT RicHTi K, 157 Rhine St., Chicago, III.

'iA2t Please mention the L!ee Journal.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalofT — it's free.

3A13t R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.
'Hease mention Bee Journal ■when "writing.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save V"u money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us i|»ote vou prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. MUINT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.
yiease mention Bee journal -when ■writins.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Feb. 7.— The market is in rather an
unsettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and there is a tendency towards
lower prices, owing- to the supply being- much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The fancy grades of white will sell at 15@16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
ficult to place at anything above 10@12c. Ex-
tracted honey is also easy, with the best grades
of white obtainable at lui sc^ and ambers at
(>(n\'ic. Beeswax steady at 30c upon arrival.

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Feb, 14.— Honey market is
bare ot stock here and white selling at I5c;
mixed, HroilSc; dark, 13@l4c. Extracled wanted
at TL^raiHc for white; 7Hcfor buckwheat or dark;
buckwheat most in demand. Beeswax, 30c.
H. R. Wright.

KansasCitYj Jan.31.— Tbedemand for honey
has been very light; receipts fair. We quote as
follows: Extra fancy, per case, 24 sections,
$3.40; strictly No. 1, $3 30; No. 1 amber, $3.00@
$3.25. Extracted, white, per pound, "c; amber,
b(q'b}4c. Beeswax, 30c. C. C, Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Feb 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at 5%(gi6}>ic; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9i^c. Fancy white comb
honey, 16@l7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 30c.

The Fred W. Moth Co.

Nbw York, Jan. 23.— Demand for comb honey

quiet on all grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency. Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand, if not more so. We quote fancy white
at 15c; No. 1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(a*13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from ll(&12c.

Extracled also quiet with abundant supplies
with the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at 6^c. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon "in barrels from 60@65c per gallon.

Beeswax firm at from 2'*@30c.

HiLDRBTH & SBOBLKBN.

Cincinnati, Feb. 7.— The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and therefore prices have weakened. Fancy
white clover comb sells for ISd&lB^c; for am-
ber there is no demand. The market for ex-
tracted is fair and prices rule as follows: Am-
ber, 5}:i@5Mc, by the barrel; in cans it brings a
little more; alfalfa, 75^c; white clover, H<q)H%c.
Beeswax, 28@30c. C. H. W. Wbbbk.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
llj^@12i^c; light amber, 10@lic; dark, 5@6>6c.
Extracted, white, 6@6>^c; light amber, S@SKc;
amber, 4(g4J^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26fa27Mc; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the State at 15 cars," worth 5K@bc per
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

TRACTED HONEY !

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
please tnentioTi Bee Journal when -writinf

BEES FOR SALE.-.S5 colonies of Ital-
ian Kees, as a whole or in small lots to suit pur-
chaser. Also a lot of Fixtures. Correspoadeuce
solicited. Must sell, account husband's death.
Call or address, MRS. L. A. BURTON.

sA2t Speidel, Ohio.

Honey For Sale.

2000 lbs. Basswood Extracted honey, at '»c a
pound. All in bO-lb. cans. Warranted PURE
HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.

5Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

C fv TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

k^M L^^. We ivill present yon with the first *5 you
^MrW ^take ill to start vou in a^r.-.d pavin(r bu8i-
■ Tifufl. Send 10 cente for full lineof samplea
^ ^Vunil directions how to beelD.

\^ DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when ■writing

144

THE AMERICAM BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1903.

The best Bee-Goods I
a the World..,. |

are no better than those we make, i
and the chances are that they are not
so pood. If you buy of us yoii
will not be di!<iappointed.
We are iinclersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THK |
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; .50 cents a year; es-
pecially tor beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N Y.

W, M. Gefrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

Flease meution Bee JouriLal when, trrltlco

BEE-SUPPLIES!

JAT KOOTS P>RIC£^L

WALTER S.POUDER.

SI2MASS. AVC. INDUNAPDLIS.IMD.

OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a cnmple stock of HIRGINSVILLE
BEE-SUt>PLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
customers will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them. Kind and courteous treat-
ment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address,

LEAHY MFG. CO.,

Catalog Free. 1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.

Please mention Bee Journal -when •vntiDt;

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, i.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at >^c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

^ie,je^iemja..ia,je^yi..yi,.is,ja^ia,jis^iSmji^iam.^

?ti? Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

W*» O-liarJinfPf Sat i«f art inn what more can anybody do? beauty,
VYC J^UdrdllLCC C7<tlIi»ldCl.lUn. purity, firmness. No SAOaiNa,
No LOSS, patent WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Why

r1nP4 i1" «pll «n U/f>ll V Because it has always given better satis-
UUCS IL sell S»0 Weiir faction than any other. Because in js years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SuddKos

OF ALL
KINDS »*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

I The Test 01 Time

S — ^—^^^—^——— ——— —————— —

^ ^— — — ^^— ^^^— — — ^— ^— — — ^

5 not only proves the increasing popularity of plain sections and fence separators, but

^ the superiority of these supers tor the production of comb honey over other styles.
^ The use of Root's Hives with plain sections and fence separator equipment

2 mean —

5 Larger Crop,

5 More " Fancy " Grade,

S Less No. 1 and 2 Grades,

$ Better Price,

7 Satisfied Merchant,

^ Enthusiastic Customers,

^ '

5 Increased Sales,

5 Greater Profit.

• And a really market the coming: season, which is one of the important fac-
^ tors in the building up of a home market for honey. It is one thing to dispose of a
^ fair grade of honey at a moderate price, but (|uite another to retain the good-will of
^ the merchant handling your honey. To secure his co-operation and stimulate the
^ trade, great care should be exercised as to the attractiveness of the honey offered.
2 It should not only be " Fancy " but the honey should be well capped and put up in
^ neat shape. To obtain these results you should use Dovetailed hives and supers
^ equipped with plain sections and fence separators. Insist on Root's make and you

• will not be disappointed.

% The A. I. Root Company,

I HEDINA, OHIO.

^ N. B. — If you are not posted as to where you can buy Root's goods advanta-

a, geously write us. Ask also tor catalog of Bee-keepers' Supplies and specimen copj'

^ of Gleanings.

$ B^* GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^i^'clGolltT

^ are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to
^ them for their free Catalog.

ir» Vv ^f

v^ "'•:- '^,
Spring Care of Bees. Rearing Good Queen=B^es:'

C. p. DADANT.

L STACHRLHAUSEN.

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 5, 1903.

No. 10,

146

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March S, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLV BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

R, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-

°"^' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144& 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

A New Bee-Keeper's Song —

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by OEORQE W. YORK.

This song was vpritten specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
EnoENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Pricks — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.. CHICAGO, ILL.

\ Weekly Budget.

Editor E. R. Root is the son of his father
as a hobbyist, although he does not ride a
hobby with the reckless abandon of the elder
Root. On account of his health he has gone
back to the beef diet, confining his eating en-
tirely to lean meat with the accompaniment
of a small piece of dry toast. Along with
this he is somewhat enthusiastic over a set
form of muscular exercise under the name of
" Physical Culture." Whether asa beef-eater
or a gymnastic contortionist, or both, the
hearty hope is indulged in this quarter that
our good friend of the sprightly and able
Gleanings may speedily be as strong as ever —
and more, too.

.ToHN H. Martin, the well-known apicul-
tural writer, died at the age of tj3 years, of
pneumonia, in the hospital at Havana, Cuba,
Jan. 13, 1903. Mr. Martin was perhaps first
known as a writer in the American Bee Jour-
nal oyer the nom de plume of "Scientific;"
and for the past 15 years, as " Rambler," he
has contributed regularly to Gleanings a
series of illustrated articles of special merit.
A kindly, humorous spirit seemed always
bubbling to the surface in his writings, and in
his many rambles he seemed to make friends

wherever he went. Indeed, in the most dole-
ful plights, he always seemed to find a funny
side.

Mr. Martin was a deacon of the Congrega-
tional Church, an earnest Christian, at one
time president of the Christian Endeavor
Society, and for many years superintendent
of the Sunday-school. He left no family, his
wife having died many years ago, leaving a
shadow on his life that seemed never entirely
lifted.

In closing a beautiful tribute to Mr. Mar-
tin's life, Editor Root had this to say :

Perhaps no single writer who ever wrote for
Gleanings ever called forth more praise from
our subscribers than the Rambler. His serio-
comic writings, filled as they were with val-
uable hints, and the exact portrayal of every
locality through which he traveled, made him
not merely a funny man, but a dignified cor-
respondent, who could and did give us much
of value through his writings. While Glean-
ings mourns his loss it mourns it no more
than every subscriber who has followed him
through these years; and when the news was
flashed back from Cuba that the Rambler was
dead, I felt as if a near and dear friend had
passed away ; and 1 never met any one who
had come in contact with the Rambler who
did not hold him in exactly the same high
esteem.

The leaders in bee-keeping are fast passing
away. During the past few months a numbe:
of them have gone, among them being Chas.
Dadant and Dr. Mason ; and now the Ram-
bler has been called. They will all be missed
here by the thousands who enjoyed their pe
sonal acquaintance and writings.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design : it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, teliing how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

How to Get a Copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Amon$ the Bees."

The price of this new book is f 1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same lime they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

[144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL,

m

(D

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ELL, MARCH 5, 1903,

No. 10.

^ Editorial. ^ I

Aid from the National (iovorniiient.

— It is only the right thing that the general
government should aid bee-keepers in the way
of apicultural investigations to a much greater
extent. There is at present some prospect
of this. It you desire it, write at once to
Hon. Redfield Proctor, United States Senate,
Washington, 1). C and urge that in addition
to the amount appropriated for the depart-
ment of Entomology, an extra amount be
appropriated for apicultural investigations.
Mr. Proctor is Chairman of tha Committee on
Agriculture and Forestry.

Snow and Sunshine is often a bad
combination in spring for bees wintering out-
doors. Especially is this the ease when the
snow is very soft. The bright sun entices the
bees out, and the dazzling snow seems in
some way to affect them so that they drop
into it, sinking deeper with each struggle,
and soon become so chilled that they never
rise again. The beginner is warned to com-
bat the effects of one or both. If the bees
are not in much need of a cleansing flight,
the easiest thing to do is to place before the
entrance of each hive a board to prevent the
sun from shining into the hive, unless it be
very early or late in the day. If it is thought
best that the bees should fly, then the snow
should be swept up for a considerable dis-
tance about the hives, or else something like
hav should be used to cover the snow.

Swarming Prevention Better than
Control. — Notwithstanding the great advan-
tages of forced swarmingover natural swarm-
ing, there can be no disputing the point
raised by some that it is merely a matter of
controlling swarming so as to have it come at
the time when it suits the bee-keeper, leaving
the entire prevention of swarming a desiders-
tum. Among the many plans tried for pre-
vention of swarming, that of Samuel Sim-
mins attracted considerable attention at one
time in this country, but for some reason not
many made a success of it. The heart of the
plan depended upon the fact, supposed or real,
that so long as bees had room below the
brood-nest, and were occupied building there,
there could be no thought of swarming. Mr.
Simmins believes that the reason for the fail-
ures in this country was that the plans recom-
mended Ijy him were not correctly carried
out.

Room for Ijuilding was to be given below

the brood-nest, and as often as a fair start
was made there the combs were to be cut out
and moved above. In order to reduce to a
minimum the lalior of management, the Sim-
mins' Conqueror hive was devised. This con-
sists of an outer case in which the supers, as
also the brood-chamber, are received like so
many drawers in a bureau, there being room
for a super beneath the brood-chamber, so
that this lower super can be taken out and
moved above without at all disturbing the
brood-chamber. While this may be the most
convenient hive for the purpose, there is
nothing, as Mr. Simmins has pointed out, to
prevent trying the plan with other hives.

Regarding the plan, and its comparison
with forced swarming, Mr. Simmins writes
in a private letter:

But, after all, why swarm at all when under
"Prevention" as opposed to "Control"'
without increase ; My " Conqueror " hive
allows of starters Ucluic the colony when re-
quired; or, Ijetter still, when arranged for
comb honey, the super of sections is started
(with full sheets in sections) uinler the col-
ony; this super is placed above tJw ruhiuy
when the bees are crowding into it, bees and
all being placed between the colony and the
other super of sections already ai:)ove. The
one moved up is followed by another under,
and so on in rotation.

" Thus, you are constantly getting the bees
to continue comb-building below, and all the
while deceiving them by carrying it above " —
thus, by starting building below and finishing
above, you take all the swarming fever out of
them — you keep more powerful colonies, and
secure higher results.

I may say that only the " Conqueror " hive-
construction will allow this easy shifting of
supers. The principle has been adopted in
more or less perfect form (mostly imperfect)
by all British hive-ruakers since my system
has been developed.

I should indeed be glad to know that you
also have made a success of it. The only
thing is, will t/iju get the hang of the convii
construction and management ? Many have
not, hence failures. Samuel Simmins.

Treatment of Foul Brood. — Much has
been said about I'liul brood and its treatment,
and there are probably some who have read
little or nothing of the kind, thinking that it
is a subject that does not concern them, their
bees being entirely healthy. It would be very
much better to read all that is written on the
subject, even if one never expects to see a
caseof foul brood. Then one would be free
from needless anxiety upon the appearance
of some trouble in no way connected with foul
brood, and in case of an attack would be ready
for prompt action.

At the Ontaricj convention, as reported in
the Canadian Hci- .Journal, that eminently
practical man, Inspector McEvoy, gave the
following, all of which will be useful reading
for beginners, and part of it may be new to
63me of the veterans:

For the treatment of it, the Ijees must be
thoroughly cleansed of the old honey that
they took from the old hive. There are times
when you should shake them ou to full sheets
of foundation and make a cure, but it is too
risky, for while you might cure nine-tenths
of the bee-yard, if it worked out in the other
one-tenth it would only go on and destroy all
you had done.

If it is in the honey season, shake the bees
down on little starters, taking all the comb
out. Shake them into the empty hive and
give them half an inch of comb foundation
starters, and do the work in the evening, v If
the flow should stop or slacken through rains
or unsuitable weather, apply the feeders at
once and start a flow in that way, and they
will draw out these little pieces of foundation.
If you allow the little they brought from the
old comb to be stored in the new, that will
cause trouble; takeaway, therefore, the built-
out starters and give them sheets of founda-
tion, and when this foundation is worked out
it is forever gone in every case; this will
cure every colony it is found in.

It is one thing to cure the bees, but you
may cure with a great loss, that is. you may
destroy all the healthy brood, also. Leave
about a quarter of the bees (after you shake
them down) on one set of combs; take the
combs from this, that and the other, enough
to make two stories, and leave it about 10 or
12 days, and most of the brood will hatch out ;
after about 10 days in the honey season shake
them down and put them through this treat-
ment again, and give them a queen or queen-
cell. In going through the bee-yard put a
cross upon those hiVes; it one is very bad
put three crosses; if middling, two, and soon.

Don't do this work in the morning or mid-
dle of the day, because if you shake the bees
out, and do it in the middle of the day, they
will become restless, and some will swarm out
and mix in with what you have already
treated.

After the honey season is passed, and you
find a few have it, even if it isonly a few cells,
don't think that it will ever cure itself, be-
cause as long as a comb lasts it will remain.
Those few that are there let alone, but take
the others that are sound and JEeed them
sugar syrup until you get a lot of nice sealed
combs, feed them down till they are sealed
solid. In an evening in October go to the dis-
eased colonies, lift the combs out, shake the
bees back and give them five or six combs of
these sealed stores. The honey they took out
of the infected combs they have to keep, as
they ha%'t noplace to put it; the queen has
stopped laying, the cold weather is coming
on, and it will be digested and taken out of
the way. .Just as good a cure as in June or
July.

Never attempt to cure any in fruit-bloom —
it is too risky— because the weather might
change suddenly, and the How stop coming
in, and you will meet with quite a lot of
starving larviv; they will consume the un-
sealed stores, and they won't uncap the stores
they have iiuick enough to feed the amount
of brood. It is not proper to do it then ; wait
until June.

In these weak colonies you have two or
three crosses on, take two or three — or what-,
ever it may require to make a good swarm —
cleanse that and cure it. These others that
have plenty of fine brood, tier the brood up
from the others, and you will make up what
you lost; you will gain it in the new.

148

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March S, 1903.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dee. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Coutiaued from pa^e 135 )
ILLINOIS LAW OF FOUL BROOD.

Pres. York — Do you wish to say anything: further, or do
you wish to take any action by motion ? I think we have
probably said enough about the necessity of this law, now
what steps do you wish to take towards securing it ? Do
you wish to have a committee appointed ?

Mr. Wilcox — I suppose it is not my business to interfere
with the Legislature of Illinois.

Dr. Miller— You have the same right on that as any
one. You can make a motion that a committee be appointed
to co-operate with a committee that may be appointed by
the State Association, to draft and prepare what is wanted.

It was moved and seconded that a committee of three be
appointed to have in charge the securing, if possible, a foul-
brood law for the State of Illinois, to co-operate with a
similar committee from the State Association.

Mr. Swift — Wouldn't it be well to have that committee
fortified by a preamble and resolution adopted by this con-
vention in favor of such action ? They would then have
the fortification of the united action.

Pres. York — We might suggest that this committee pre-
pare such a resolution.

Mr. Moore — I want to amend the motion by adding,
" and also with the National Association to this end."

Pres. York — I think the mover of that motion will ac-
cept that.

Mr. Moore — I say the National specifically. I have
been secretary for four years now of this Association, and
there have been a multitude of motions made and carried,
ordering the secretary and committees to do a great many
things, but they have all fallen to the ground. I want this
Association to understand that this thing will always fol-
low unless they are carried out in the proper way. Go back
when they got their foul-brood law in Wisconsin. If we
want a foul-brood law here we have to do as they did and
say,," Here, France, we want a foul-brood law in Illinois ;
here is S500 to pay your car-fare and hotel bills, and call on
all the rest of us for what is necessary." Any mere motion
passed, advising and ordering this committee to co-operate
with any other Association without funds to carry it out, is
as empty as a tin bucket, and I thought I would like to tell
you that before you pass this resolution. There is only one
way to do it. The National has now about 1000 members ;
one of the functions of the National is to aid States to get
proper laws on their statute books. Why can't the States
do that? Why can't the local associations do that ? Simply
because they can't raise the money. The National has 1000
members, and if this was done by the National, and prop-
erly drafted, having the 700,000 bee-keepers in the United
States, and get them to put their money up, then there
would be no reason why we couldn't get ten or twenty
thousand dollars. You will never get a foul-brood law
without some money, with one, two, or five hundred dollars,
and the services of some man like Mr. France, that has all
his time to devote to the Legislature, and a politician, to
push it through.

The motion was seconded and carried.

Pres. York — Whom will you have on this committee ?
If you will name them we will elect them.

Mr. Wilcox — It would seem to me much better for the
president to take time to inquire concerning them, and then
make the appointment, and I will move that he be author-
ized to make the appointment of a committee of three, and
not to be in haste to do it. Select those men most suitable.

The motion was seconded and carried.

Mr. Wilcox — I don't want to do all the talking, but I
am thinking all the while with respect to the suggestion of

Mr. Moore. I think it would be wise to offer a motion here
that the surplus fund in the treasury of this Association
be applied to defray the expenses of this committee, so far
as they may be available.

Pres. York — Do you make that as a motion ?

Mr. Wilcox — Yes. We found that difficulty in Wiscon-
sin. Mr. France had to advance all the money, and then
we had to make it up the best way we could.

Mr. Moore — I would like to ask for information. Under
the present law of the National can money be taken out of
their treasury to have laws made in the local States — differ-
ent States ?

Mr. Hutchinson — As I understand it, the funds of the
National Association can be used for any purpose that the
directors may decide. When we tried it in Michigan we
had no doubt but that they would assist us in that way. It
was necessary to go at it immediately, and Mr. Root, my-
self, and George E. Hilton, were in the effort t%vo years, and
Mr. Root and myself paid Mr. Hilton's fare, and he gave
his time, and we paid his hotel bills and railroad fare, to
get the law through at Lansing. The matter was laid be-
fore the National Association, hoping that they would help
us out, but when it came to a vote they turned us down ; but
I have always thought, and still think, that that is a legiti-
mate use for their money. Afterwards, the bee-keepers of
Michigan partly made up the money to Mr. Root and my-
self ; the rest of it we paid out of our own pockets. It is
entirely useless to pass a resolution and send a committee
unless you have money back of it. I am in favor of the
National Association assisting the different States in get-
ting proper legislation on that subject. Some of those who
voted against it, said the reason why they did that was that
they thought it was going to open the door for every other
State to come in. Suppose it did? Why not? I can't
see that as a valid objection.

Mr. France had just come into the room, and was then
introduced.

Pres. York — Perhaps Mr. France can give us some
advice as to how to proceed.

Mr. France — I haven't been here long enough to know
the drift of the conversation that has been going on, or
what your plans are, but I certainly know this much, and
that is, that the State of Illinois needs laws on foul brood,
and you want it from the next Legislature. I am getting
samples of foul brood from Illinois frequently, asking for
help, which I have gladly given. I think it wise for your
legislative committee — don't make that committee too large.
We lost our effort two years by making the committee of
several. Usually when it gets down to business the com-
mittee consists ot but very few.

Mr. Hutchinson — Mr. Moore and myself were making
the point that there has to be some money spent.

Mr. Moore — The question arose of using the National
Association's funds for this purpose.

Mr. France — How much has this convention's treasury
to work on ?

Pres. York— About $25.

Mr. France — How much has the State Association of
Illinois ?

Pres. York — Nothing.

Mr. France — Well, you are nearly in the condition that
Wisconsin was in to start.

Mr. Moore — What does it cost ? Suppose the Illinois
Association would say to you, Mr. France, " You get a foul-
brood law, and call on all of the members," how much cash
would it take ?

Pres. York — How much would jow do it for ? That's it.
[Laughter. |

Mr. France — I don't believe it is as much the cash as
every one's shoulder to the wheel. We first attempted it
by raising a fund. We raised a fund, and then they said,
" France, go ahead and get legislation." It was a drop in
the bucket started in the right direction. One man in the
Legislature has no influence. I was laughed at all over the
Legislature, appealing for the interests of bee-keepers. It
was too small a question. Some one even suggested that
the next thing some one would want legislation to look
after the flies, and, really, one man said they might even
want some one to look after the bedbugs I Then I found
that it was necessary that each individual bee-keeper see
personally, or write, his representative in the Legislature,
and have him vote for it, and the vote stood 93 to 2 in our
favor. It wasn't money alone. I took $25 out of my own
pocket, and I found one legislative committee before whom
I appeared suggested the idea that it took money to run
things through the Legislature. He slightly hinted that it
might take money to buy our way through. I told him I

March 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

149

was sorry, but I had no money, and I hadn't heard of a bee-
keeper disgracing^ himself by putting his hand down into
his pocket for any lobby money. We were there, and we
got it.

Mr. Moore — How many bee-keepers have we in this
State?

Pres. York — Several thousand.

Mr. Moore — Suppose we have 3000 bee-keepers, what
would you do ? What must we do to get in a large number
of the 3000 bee-keepers to-day? That's the thing that's
needful.

Mr. France — Ky the aid of the editors of the bee-papers
I had to lay a plan, and I learned that I must have the names
of the bee-keepers. They furnished me the names of the
bee-keepers, then I corresponded with them. I sent out 600
letters, and received 180 replies. That was the first re-
sponse.

Dr. Miller — Now you are talking business.

Mr. France — Then I sent out more, and by-and-by those
became interested, and by-and-by I had letters by the
basketful when the time came for the Legislature in our
State. I think that will be the way you will accomplish it
in this State.

Pres. York — We ought to get Mr. France to move over
to Illinois for a while. We can employ him !

Mr. Niver — I was just asking Dr. Miller to give me a
name here for one of those endless-chain affairs; each one
who gets one of these letters is to write ten more. For in-
stance, we could get from the list of the bee-papers a cer-
tain number of Illinois bee-keepers, and send out a letter to
that effect, that the one who receives it write ten personal
letters to ten of his friends, and have each one write the
Legislature. In that way couldn't we get a big lot of
letters ?

Pres. York — Do you wish the letters sent to the com-
mittee, or to the committee in the Legislature ?

Mr. Niver — For one, L must know who is the represen-
tative of my district. I never did know yet.

Mr. Hutchinson — We went so far as to publish them in
the bee-papers.

Mr. Niver — As a rule, I think, very few bee-keepers
know who represents them in the State Legislature. I
don't think I ever knew that fact yet. That is as much of
a politician as I am.

Mr. Moore — Ask the policeman on your beat ; he will
tell you.

Mr. Niver — There is none.

Mr. Moore — Or the postmaster.

Mr. Niver — I know the postmaster. By getting a lot of
letters in that way to our comimttee at the Legislature —
whatever plan would be thought best — I think we would get
a large number of letters in a very short time on that plan.

Pres. York — That letter can be considered when the
committee is appointed.

Mr. France — I will say that I took the pains to corres-
pond in Washington with our representative, and got a
copy of the statistics on bee-keeping in the United States
Census.

Mr. Moore — Can we get that by writing to our member
in Congress ?

Mr. France — Yes, sir.

Mr. Moore — What is the title ?

Mr. France— United States Census Report of 1900, on
Agriculture. I could, by opening my grip, give you the
statistics for Illinois, if you want them.

[Messrs. Herman F. Moore, Chas. Clarke, and C. F.
Kannenburg, have been appointed as the committee to co-
operate with the State Committee on Legislation, who are,
Messrs. J. Q. Smith, Jas. A. Stone, and Chas. Becker.—
George W. York.]

(Continued next week. ]

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3'ix6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.: 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

Big Honey Harvest Expected
of Bees.

Spring Care

BY C. P. Il.\D.\NT.

I believe that, since I have been in the bee-business, the
prospect for a good honey crop has never been better
than it is at present — in this part of the world at least.
For ten years or more, the white clover has been an entire
failure. From different causes — drouth, hard winters, etc.
— it has failed to show up as it had done in former years.
In 1889, for instance, our crop, from white clover alone, was
upwards of 80 barrels. But at that time our pastures, our
meadows, were like a white carpet at the time of clover-
bloom.

During the past wet season, young white clover has
come up in abundance. I can hardly pass a spot of pasture-
land without seeing the white clover leaf peeping out from
under the snow. The shelter made by snow has been good
so far ; the green grass and clover have suffered none from
the cold. There is a good harvest in prospect, unless some-
thing unexpected happens.

The apiarist who is anxious to succeed ought to be well
prepared, if this crop comes, to take full advantage of it. If
the winter is mild, the bees may prepare themselves fully
and in good time, but there is quite a point to be gained by
helping them artificially. What they need is early breed-
ing, and plenty of warmth. Our hives must, therefore, be
well protected from the cold, especially from the keen
northern winds of February and March. If the hives are
populous the bees will begin to breed early and will consume
plenty of honey. One must make sure that none of them
are compelled to stint themselves for want of a sufficient
amount. The weak colonies should be reduced to the space
they can well cover and should be stimulated, whenever
there is mild weather, by a little feed given judiciously
where the bees can reach it easily, and where the robbers
will not be likely to get to it. The amount fed to colonies
for stimulating the breeding must not be large. In most
cases one or two teaspoonfuls of warm food will show bene-
ficial results for several days. Feeding small quantities,
and feeding often, is much better in spring than feeding
large amount of honey all at one time. It is also better to
feed diluted sugar than strong-smelling honey. The former
will give no smell, while the later, especially when warm,
will have a decided influence on robbing, inducing many of
the bees to lurk about the hives in which the colonies are
fed.

A very warm situation for hives is not objectionable, in
spring, but on the contrary is conducive to good results. I
once established an out-apiary at the house of an old
Frenchman who had been a gardener, and owned a small
hot-house. This little building was established at the head
of a ravine which had washed away the soil to a depth of
about 6 feet, with a width of some 20 feet, close to the old
gardener's home. This ravine was a very ugly-looking
chasm and an eyesore till he devised this hot-house walled
in on three sides at the head of it.

Not onlv the establishing of this building had effec-
tually stopped the enlarging of this ditch, but it had given
him a good place for raising early vegetables. The front
was all glass, being faced to the southward. When I
brought my bees to his place he had quit gardening, his hot-
house was useless, and he had hit upon a plan of putting his
six hives of bees side by side in this building for winter.
When the weather was very cold a wooden front was hung
over the glass front of the house so as to keep the bees quiet.
But it is astonishing how quiet they would keep even if the
front was open, whenever the weather was too cold. No
matter hew warm it might be inside, they would not sally
out, but would remain quietly at home. But it did not take
much to stir them up, and the least intrusion was resented
by them.

Those hives were rich in stores. They began breeding
early in the season, and when I moved some 25 hives to the
same apiary, in the mouth of April, it was plain that either
of these six hives could have furnished four times as many
bees as my own which had been moved to this place from

150

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March S, 1903.

an ordinary summer-stand in our home-apiary. When the
apple-blossoms opened, those bees were ready for work and
took in some surplus — a thing which I had never seen before.
When the clover came, the six colonies began to swarm.
and I dare say we harvested more swarms and took more
honey from those six colonies than from the other 25 put
together. Some of the earliest swarms cast some swarms
themselves which made good colonies before fall. P^rom
31 or 32 colonies, all told, we increased to some 60, and took
four or five thousand pounds of surplus honey.

In my mind this evidences the necessity of keeping our
bees well sheltered from the cold in the spring. But to
keep them sheltered means nothing if they do not have a
plentiful supply from which they can draw to breed, and it
is in this that large hives are of use. With large brood-
chambers, there is always a plenty of honey, if the colony
has been treated right the previous season. So the bees are
more likely to be able to breed, when they should. But in
any case, it is not a bad policy to give stimulating feed. A^
I said before, it must be given in small doses. We are not
aiming at the storing of honey. All we want is to keep the
bees active by giving them to understand that help is at
hand. If my reader has never tried it, he does not know
how quickly bees get accustomed to being fed. Give a col-
ony nourishment forthree days at the same hour and at the
same place, and they will expect it the fourth day, exactly
as if they were spoiled kittens or well-fed chickens. But the
feeding must be done in a judicious manner.

If you want to feed your hens to made them lay, you
would not throw your grain to them in a 4-inch snow, or at
improper hours. Your aim would be to place it where they
could get at it without getting too cold or without having
to stay off their perch at an unseemly hour You must
treat your bees as you would your hens — keep their habits
in mind, and feed them only when and where they will not
be compelled to become chilled to reach the food. Remem-
ber that their honey-supply is expected to last them till the
warm days come, and if you give them extra feed, give it
only when you know that it will do good and can do no
harm.

If the bees are fed early in the morning in cold weather,
or when they ought to stay in the hive, a great many of
them will become excited and will rush out and get chilled.
If food is given for stimulating breeding, it should be given
in the evening when there is but little chance of the bees
venturing out, and when the robber-bees are not likely to
disturb them. Hancock Co., 111.

Methods of Rearing Good Queen-Bees.

BY L. STACHELHAUSEN.

MR. HENRY ALLEY expresses the opinion that no
good queens can be reared by a colony having a fertile
queen. This is an astonishing assertion if taken into
consideration that in the natural stateall queenlarv^ during
the swarming-time are nursed by bees when a fertile queen
is in the hive ; the same is true when an old queen is super-
seded by the bees. The queens reared in queenless colonies
are rare exceptions. But I think Mr. Alley is opposed to
the upper stories over a queen-excluder for rearing queens
in them.

I am of the opinion that in these upper stories as good
queens can be reared as in queenless colonies, and by both
ways worthless queens, too, if we do not observe' some
other important points.

Mr. Alley correctly says, on page 725, "The entire
thing lies with the nurse-bees." If our bee-keepers had
given more attention to the nourishment of bees such ques-
tions would have been settled long ago. Such analyses as
Mr. Alley asks for were made years ago, and they show that
the food given to queen-larv:e, or that given to worker-
larva; less than four days old, and that for young drone-
larvw, have a different chemical composition, nevertheless
they all are /«//)' digested pollen and honey (chyle), and are
prepared by the young nurse-bees in the true stomach. The
chyle is identical with the blood of the bee, showing even
the blood-globules. All this is sufficiently proven, but in
some of our text-books we do not find it mentioned, or an
incorrect explanation is given.

How the same food can have these different composi-
tions is explained in different ways, but as this is more
theory I will not say more about it. We know that the bees
need a good supply of pollen and honey to prepare royal
jelly, or still better if pollen and nectar is gathered from
the field. Further, we know that a colony has more and

richer larval food (and this is royal-jelly) if the number of
young bees is large compared with the number of
young larva;. These young bees prepare the chyle and feed
the larvie instinctively ; if not enough young larv;e are
present the young bees find no consumers of the chyle ; it
remains longer in the stomach and is getting richer in albu-
men. This surplus of young bees, and consequently of
chyle, causes in swarming-time the building of queen-cells,
and at last swarming ; at other seasons, if a queen is not
prolific in egg-laying any more, we have again a surplus of
young bees, and the old queen will be superseded. A large
surplus of young bees compared with the open brood is the
most important thing for rearing queens. In a colony with
old bees only, or in a weak colony, we will get worthless I
queens. We have to consider this, we may rear queens in I
upper stories or in queenless colonies.

I rear some queens for my own use and none for sale.
I rear them in upper stories over an excluder, and at a
season when the bees are gathering honey, and I think no
better queens can be reared. If I had to feed the colony I
would probably prefer a queenless colony.

The advantage of these upper stories is not to get better
queens, as by a queenless colony if properly managed, but
it is that this colony is not spoiled for honey-production,
and is developing in the lower story just as well as any
other colony ; this is a great advantage. Besides this, the
preparing of the colony takes less time and labor. For
rearing queens in upper stories we must have a strong col-
ony, or the cells are not accepted ; but queenless colonies
will rear some kind of a queen even in the poorest condition.
For this reason in upper stories there is less danger of get-
ting worthless queens. I know this, because this way of
queen-rearing is the main cause that Italian bees and arti-
ficial queens have lost all reputation in (Germany.

I will describe the way I use for rearing queen-cells :

1. I take 5 or 6 brood-combs without bees, from some
other colonies, and hang them in an upper story over a
queen-excluder and over a strong colony.

2. Eight or ten days afterwards nearly all of this brood
is capped, many young bees are hatching daily, and as no
young larva; are present a surplus of chyle is prepared, and
the colony is in proper condition for queen-rearing. Now
I remove the hive to a new place, but the upper story with
bees and all is set on the old stand. Soon this colony will
show all signs of queenlessness, and now (in 2 or 3 hours) I
give the brood-strips (Alley's method) between two brood-
combs.

3. Twenty-four hours afterwards this hive is arranged,
that is, the hive with the queen is set again on the old stand,
and on top of it, over the excluder, the story with the now
started queen-cells.

Sometimes I manipulate differently. I may give this
queenless colony another set of queen cells and remove the
first lot to another upper story prepared 7 or 8 days before.
Or the first lot of queen-cells may remain in this queenless
colony until they are ripe and can be used in nuclei, as this
is the easiest way to prepare a queenless colony for cell-
building, if such a one should be preferred. Probably it
would be better to set this queenless colony with the entrance
closed in a cellar and keep it without open brood for a long
time, that is, to give the brood-strips later.

Some scientists believe that the youngest bees prepare
the richest chyle, what we would call royal-jelly. If this is
so, hatching brood should be present in the colony which
rears queen-cells, and this is secured by the above plan.
Mr. Alley takes away from a strong colony the queen and
all the brood, and gives the brood-strips after some hours.
Hereby we have the necessary surplus of young bees, and
they are in proper condition, but this method could probably
be improved by giving some capped brood at the same time
with the brood-strips.

It is considered as very important to select larv;e for
queen-rearing at the correct age. If the larval food for
queen and worker larva? (less than 4 days old) would be the
same in the same colony, as some believe, any larva; under
this age would be good enough; but if the food for the
young worker-larva; and the royal jelly is different, as the
analyses as yet seem to indicate, we should select larva; as
young as possible. To decide this question it would be
necessary to analyze larval food taken from queen-cells and
worker-cells from the same hive and at the same time. This
was not observed in the analyses mentioned above. Besides
this, we see oneother difference — the queen-larv;i! are al-
ways floating in an abundance of food, the young worker-
larva;, too, as long as they are small, receive more food than
they consume, but later not so much food is given any
more. For this reason very young larva^ are preferable

March 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

151

under all circumstances. If we use Alley's brood-strips \vc
can select quite young larviv, not larger than the eggs, or
we can select even eggs Ij'ing flat on the bottom of the cells,
which are very near to hatching.

Artificial cell-cups will not produce better queens than
natural ones ; their advantages are that we do not need to
cut any brood-combs or to destroy any larva:- as with the
Alley method; they bear rougher handling, but I can't see
any necessity for rough handling. The disadvantages are :
We can't transfer quite young larva-, just hatched from the
egg ; as some royal jelly is necessary for this method we
must destroy some queen-cells already started, the whole
process taking more time and labor than the Alley-strip
method. The Alley cells must be started in a queenless
colony ; with the Doolittle artificial cups this is not neces-
sary, but the most queen-breeders do it, so one of the advan-
tages of artificial cells is lost. Grafting the cells takes
more experience, and is more diflicult for the beginner
than to prepare the brood-strips. What method a bee-keeper
will prefer depends entirely upon how great or little he esti-
mates the different advantages and disadvantages. After
trying all the different methods I went back to the Alley
strips, and can't help believing that if the artificial cell-
cups are preferred it is merely a case of fashion.

If the cells are nearly ripe, they are generally intro-
duced to nuclei, or we let them hatch in a nursery and intro-
duce the young virgin qneens. If the latter plan is used,
the queen should remain in the nursery as short a time as
possible — the younger the queen the easier it is to introduce
her safely, and a young queen kept in the nursery for some
days is always spoiled more or less, and sometimes she will
be a dead queen. For these reasons I use the nursery as
little as possible — I would rather form new nuclei, if I hap-
pen to have more good cells than I need.

The size and strength of the nuclei are of importance, too.
For more than 40 years, once in a while somebody recom-
mended using quite small frames, and to use 2 or 3 of them
and a few bees to form a nucleus. The greatest disadvan-
tage of these small nuclei is, that too large a percentage of
young queens are lost. I tried the plan a few times in dif-
ferent years, and never was satisfied. The nucleus should
have at least 2 or 3 of the regular frames and enough bees
to cover these frames. On the other hand, the nucleus
should not be too strong. In a 2 or 3 frame nucleus the
queen is found at once ; if 6, 7 or more frames are covered
with bees it takes, sometimes, considerably more time and
labor. If my nuclei are getting too strong I divide some of
them, and if I should get more than I need for queen-rear-
ing I unite with some other one, or strengthen them in an-
other way, and work them for estracted-honey production.
To get the queens fertilized in an upper story over an ex-
cluder does not work satisfactorily even if a double excluder
is used. When I expected tlie young queen was laying eggs
I found she was missing. As far as I know the plan is
abandoned. If we use a wire-cloth in place of the excluder,
we have in fact a separate nucleus which could just as well
be placed on another stand. The only advantage is, that
this nucleus is warmed somewhat by the strong colony in
the lower story, and both can be united at once, if the
nucleus is not needed any more. For this reason the plan
seems good in a Northern climate, if queens should be
reared early in the spring.

I rear ray queens in February, March, and some in
April. In May our main honey-flow commences, and at
that time I make forced swarms for comb-honey produc-
tion. By this manipulation I can get a large number of
combs containing capped brood only. If I use these brood-
combs for stretagthening the nuclei I can give them a hive
full of them at once, and in a short time I will have a strong
colony, and can get a crop of extracted honey from it
the same year. Bexar Co., Texas.

I The National Association I

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

N. E. France the New General Manag-er.

Editor American Bee Jooknai., Chicago, 111.—

Dear Sir : — N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., General
Manager and Treasurer-elect of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, has qualified by furnishing a bond as required
by the Constitution of said Association. He is, therefore,
duly qualified to perform the duties of such office.

Very respectfully, W.F.Marks,

Feb. 17, 1903. Cfiairiiian Board o/ Directors.

The above notice ends the General Managership mud-
dle, one of the most unfortunate and inexcusable pieces of
mismanagement we have known for a long time. Of course,
Mr. France was in no wise responsible for the mismanage-
ment nor the questionable methods resulting in his election,
and he condemns them as strongly as any one possibly
could. It certainly will not be pleasant for him to serve
under the circumstances, as he knows that unfair means
were employed to put him in his new position. We believe,
however, that he will serve the Association to the best of
his ability during the rest of this year.

Producer's Name on Honey-Packag-es.

As several articles have appeared in the papers on this
topic, I wish to say a word.

I go to any grocery store and buy, if you please, any
kind of goods, such as canned fruits, vegetables, fish,
breakfast foods, or any other article on the shelf. Each
package has an attractive wrapper with flashy colors, als)
the name and address of the producer or firm said goods are
prepared for. Go where I will, the same brand sells for the
same price. Suppose I decide that some particular firm
puts up the goods that suits me best. I find I can depend
upon that brand, it makes no difference whether I buy it of
Smith or Jones of my city, or X Y Z of any other city.
Remember the producer's name is on each package. Sup-
pose I want to buy that brand from the producer, and save
the profit of the middle man. I write the firm for goods or
prices, and what do I get ? My letter is returned to their
local dealer to supply the order, and a reply to me from the
producer that their business is done only through their local
agents, that they sell direct to wholesale jobbers or the
local agents.

All kinds of producers and manufacturing industries,
after careful testing every means of marketing and the pro-
tection to their business, have found this the only safe way
to do business. By this method the producer, as soon as his
produce is in marketable shape, can dispose of the entire
crop, get his cash, and at once devote his entire time and
money to producing the next crop. Marketing is a business
that demands more skill and business tact, and the whole-
sale jobbers have worked every possible means of market-
ing. It may seem to me as if, when I buy a can of goods,
the price I pay is enough to pay profit to each dealer and
the producer also. This is partly true, but, the facts are.
by these careful business methods and sharp competition
the goods are now sold much cheaper than would be pos-
sible vfith any other method.

You say. What has all this got to do with the name on
the bee-keeper's honey-packages? I ask. Are we bee-keep-
ers, or our honey, better than others ? and is there any bet-
ter marketing method? Is it not time that we learn to
market our goods with attractive labels and our name
thereon, and also the National Honey Exchange stamp as
the jobber ? Then our honey, except for home market, as
soon as ready for market, will go to the nearest warehouse
to be graded by an expert, and stamped what the contents
are. It may be produced by A B of N. Y., or X Y Z of Cali-
fornia. The National stamp is a guarantee of the purity
and kind of honey. Then, under one grand, united system
we can produce the honey and be a partner in the profits of
the middle-man, also getting better prices, and avoiding
overstocking one market and the next town going without.

152

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 5, 1903.

The wisdom of this will be proven by the local org-aniza-
tions now incorporated, and in the near future all combin-
ing into the one National. Not only the selling- of honey,
but the buying of supplies, getting better transportation
rates on bees by freight, and needed legislation in the vari-
ous States to protect the bee-keepers. There are over 700,-
000 bee-keepers in the United States, and quite a large num-
ber in Canada, and I am sorry to say only a few over 1000
now belong to the National Bee-Keepers' Association. It
is rapidly growing, and the prospects are that many large
gatherings of bee-keepers during the year will become a
part of the National, as by so joining the annual dues are
only SO cents each to the National. Let every member
bring at least one new member into the fold, and add to the
strength of the Association. In union there is strength.

N. E. France,
General Manaf^er National Bee-Keepers'" Association.

P. S. — I am now working to amend a Bill in the New
Mexico Legislature, compelling the spraying of fruit-trees,
so as to protect the interests of bee-keepers and fruit-grow-
ers. There is also an attempt being made to have the Iowa
Legislature enact spraying laws. N. E. F.

\ Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters \

Conducted by EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

A Cool Morning'.

Sixteen degrees below zero this morning, Feb. 17. That
is the coldest it has been this winter. Glad our bees are in
the cellar.

Brilliantine for the Hair.

A good brilliantine for dry, harsh hair is made by mix-
ing well together one ounce each of glycerin and bay rum,
adding two ounces of clarified honey and four ounces spirits
of wine. Rub a little Well into the scalp once a week. —
"Health and Beauty " Department, Chicago Daily News.

Bee-Keepers Always Hopeful.

Bee-keepers, as a general rule, are looking forward to
the next season, and usually expecting a good crop. It is
pleasant to keep up our courage by talking of the favorable
signs. The prospects here seem good. 'The clover covered
the ground abundantly last fall, and until late in the sea-
son the growth was vigorous. Since then it has been cov-
ered most of the time with a light fall of snow. So the
promise for 1903 is good.

Honey in Putting- Up Fruit.

Having seen a request in the " Sisters' Department "
for persons to give their experience in putting up fruit with
honey, I thought I would give mine.

Some years ago I saw in the American Bee Journal an
article on preserving grapes in honey, by laying the grapes
(picked from the stems) in a jar and pouring extracted
honey over them until covered ; and that they would keep
any length of time. We gave it a trial, but in a short time
the acid in the grape caused it to ferment.

Then we experimented still further, by cooking the
grapes and honey, and were surprised, on eating them, to
find them so delicious. This led me to use it again at dif-
ferent times, in sweetening cherries, raspberries, blackber-
ries, apples and grapes ; and we liked it in everything ex-
cept apples. Our friends, when visiting us, all spoke
highly of our fruit, and, with very few exceptions, said
they could tell no difference in flavor.

I have never used honey in preserving fruits to any
extent, for long cooking destroys the honey-flavor, and
makes it strong. I have used it in making grape marma-
lade, using half sugar, and it was fine.

As to the amount of honey used, I sweeten to suit my

taste, and have used both liquid and granulated. I know it
can be used successfully in some kinds of fruit, and will
keep any length of time, and the only reason I do not use
it every year is the scarcity of honey so much of the time,
that sugar is cheaper for me.

I have used honey in making cakes and cookies, and for
making popcorn balls nothing could be better; cooking the
honey until it will spin from a spoon, and then pour over
the corn and make into balls. Mrs. J. L. Strong.

Page Co., Iowa.

Thank you very much, Mrs. Strong, for giving us so
fully your experience with putting up so many different
kinds of fruit with honey. I am sure you have given it quite
a trial, and proved to your own satisfaction at least, that it
can be made a success. I have no doubt that you are right,
that it may be cheaper to use sugar, and the lack of honey
may prevent a good many from using it. Still, if honey is
so much more wholesome it may be cheaper to use it even if
it costs more in dollars and cents.

The only kind of fruit that we have tried with honey
is strawberries, and they were good. I confess that I should
not have known whether they were put up with honey or
sugar if they had not been labeled. We used a very fine
grade of alfalfa honey which had no very pronounced
flavor. It comes the nearest to just a pure sweet of any
honey I ever tasted, and for that reason is fine for cooking
purposes.

I have made honey popcorn balls, only I used part
sugar. They were fine. Next time I am going to try all
honey and see what success I have.

The person who uses the most honey in our family is
my mother, and she uses a small quantity at almost every
meal, and has done so for some years. Last Sunday (Feb.
15) she celebrated her 8+th birthday. She is a remarkably
preserved woman for her age, both physically and mentally.
One thing that is a little out of the ordinary is, that she
never uses tea or cofl'ee. For breakfast she has a drink of
hot water, honey and cream, and seems to enjoy it as much
as most people advanced in years do their tea and coffee.
How much of her good health may be attributed to the use
of honey I don't know, but I believe it is good for her.

The Afterthought. *

Tbe "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By E. E. HASTY, SU. B Rural, Toledo, O.

THE "snipper" among BEK-KEEPKRS.

" Many a true word is spoken in jest" — and many an
apt saying, without father or mother, is born of a typo-
graphical error. When Carlyle wrote the hackneyed old
expression, " Dead Sea apples," the types made it "Dead
Sea apes ;" and in that form it went round the world with a
rush. We rather need a name for the man who produces
honey — white, amber, and dark, fancy and culls — and mixes
all in the same case. According to page 67, he's a " snip-
per." Instead of cutting an honest garment " according to
his cloth," he snips it full of holes. Snips his consignees'
good-nature into shreds. Snips badly the consumer's right
to have what he orders. Snips his own pocket-book nicely,
too — we are almost glad of it. Possibly he thought he
could snip ofl' the time and expense required to case correctly.
Seems to be a case of snip and be snipped on his part, as
evidently his common -sense has been snipped badly. And
the moral is. Don't be a Snipper.

Hope the types will soon furnish a name for another
fellow worse than the Snipper, who is abroad in the world.
A Toledo grocer recently showed me some of the fellow's
honey, and wanted my opinion of it. Not graded correctly,
eh? That time you missed it. Graded straight as a string ;
but such a grade — it was a long way below culls — unsealed
nectar with the combs not built out to proper thickness yet.

simmins' shaken swarm.

The Simmins modification of the shaken swarm de-
serves a trial. We want to see what " locality " it is going
to work in. To have no increase and no weak colony would
be just splendid. Practically, what's to hinder the bees of
No. 2 from going back home? And those that don't go will
be nurses — not needed in their new home, and decidedly

March 5. 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

153

needed in their old one. And miffht the queen of No. 1 get
balled? And niipjht the overabundant nurses with noth-
ing' else to do insist on rearing young queens? Mr. S. says
No. 2 gives up the idea of swarming. That is r>.asonable.
M^ould it be worth while for us to find out whether any pos-
sible case of swarm-fever might not be halted by ruthlessly
getting away all the young nurses too callow to lly home ?
Page 67.

M.\I.T EXTRACT AS A SOURCK OK SUGAR.

Ah, but, but ! Malt extract is not taken simply as a
source of sugar. It is hoped that that curious presence-
action, which is one of the wonders of chemistry, resides in
it. Chemicals sometimes do their duty when certain
" boss " substances are present, and neglect their duty when
the boss is away. If Dr. Hutchinson will go to work and
prove that honey is a better digestion-boss than malt ex-
tract, that would be something like. At present I believe
the dominant word is that honey itself is easy of digestion,
but that it interferes with the digestion of other things.
Page 67.

FELT LIKE GETTING RAMBLER BACK.

And Rambler gone, too ! When I heard it I felt a little
bit as Orpheus did when he heard Eurydice was dead — felt
like getting him back again. Page 68.

SWARMING AND AFTER-SWABMING.

I rather guess that Mr. Darling is right, on page 69.
It's concerning the period after the prime swarm has gone,
the period when after-swarming, with its vexations and its
unreasoning persistence, is on the carpet. Queens in the
cells mean another swarm ; but the idea advanced is that a
lot of liberated queens running around on the combs rather
constitute an influence in the opposite direction. Imagin-
ably, I should say, you might get a swarm inside of an hour
by liberating a lot of queens ; but if they stay an hour they
will swarm no more unless you have missed a cell.

MUSTACHED CANUCK NEEDN'T STAND ON HIS HEAD.

And that chap who has no other beard than a mustache
which a bumble-bee might select for nesting purposes — the
Canadians seem to think that he had best stand on his head
when he eats bread and butter and honey. Exception in
case the honey is best Canada, when merely inverting the
slice would do. Page 70.

(Questions and Answers.

CONDUCTED BY

£>R. O. O. MILLER. Mareago, III.

[The QnestiouB may be mailed to the Bee Jonraal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv mail. — Editor.1

Cleaning Moldy Comfis.

What can I do with mouldj- comb < Is there any special way to
clean comb in which brood and bees have died ! Colokado.

Answer. — Nothing is needed to be done with either mouldy combs
or those in which bee.s have died except to give them in care of the
bees. They will clean them up in short order. A good way is to put
a hive full of such combe under the hive of a strong colony. Then let
the bees take their lime to clean them.

What Was the Trouble?

1. One of my colonies of bees came out to-day at 12 o'clock, and
settled on the ground near the front of the hive. I looked in the
bunch of bees for the queen, but did not see her. I then looked in the
hive to see what could be the trouble. Everything seemed to iie all
right. I found 'J roaches, and saw a little sign of worms, but unly a
small web at one side at the bottom of tbe frame. They had i< or N
pounds of honey in the hive. The temperature was about Tu degrees
to-day. What could be the matter with them, and what made them
come out ; I put them back and they seem to be satisfied this evening.

2. Is G or 8 pounds of honey enough to keep them until March 1.5.
with ordinary weather .' North Carolina.

Answers.— 1. I don't know what the trouble was, nor wli.v the
bees came out. unless it was that they had been confined for some
time, and became very much excited when the weather warmed up
enough for them to fly. Bees that have been wintered in a cellar

swarm out in that way sometimes when taken out in the spring. Hut
I suppose your bees were wintered outdoors, and it is not likely that
they had been coniined very long; so the best answer I can give is to
say I don't know. I'll be glad if some one can give the right answer.
2. That depends upon how early the bees in your part of North
Carolina can gather anything in the spring. From the lime your let-
ter Was written till March 15 is 40 days, and during that time inuch
honey will be used in rearing brood, so that it is somewhat doubtful
whether they will have enough to last unless they have some good
source from which they can gather before the 40 days are up.

Bees Sticking Frames Together.

I am a beginner in the bee-business, and have the Uanzenbaker
hive. The bees slick the frames together so that it is impossible to
lift them out without jarring and making the bees ugly. Is there any
way to remedy the trouble i New York.

Answer. — I know of no way of preventing bees from depositing
propolis where two surfaces come together as with closed-end frames.
Where propolis is troublesome I would rather forego the advantage of
closed ends, and use some kind of seU-spaoers with the smallest possi-
ble points of contact practicable.

Bees in a Damp Cellar— Best Bees.

What difficulties may be expected from keeping bees in a damp
cellar ? and how can these difhculties be overcome while the bees are
in such a cellar ?

2. What is the best breed of bees known ! Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Diarrhea is likely to result it the temperature is
not sufficiently high. Bees have been reported as wintering in
the best condition in a very wet cellar when the cellar was kept warm
enough and well supplied with fresh air. Obviously the thing to do is
to raise the temperature sutBcieutly, and to see that there is a suffi-
cient change of air.

2. Opinions differ. Italians are quite general favorites.

Dividing to Prevent Swarming.

Being a new subscriber to the American Bee Journal I am not in-
formed on methods discussed regarding the dividing of bees to prevent
swarming. I am located in the "Alfalfa Belt," and would lil<e to
know the most successful way to prevent swarming; and to know if a
novice is justified in attempting to do it. Nebrasiva.

Answer. — There is nothing dlBicult or complicated about the
matter of shaken swarms, and you may as well start in on it first as
last. So much has been said about the modus operandi that it is not
necessary, probably, to give any further instruction about it ; but if
there is any point on which you would like to have light, don't be
afraid to ask questions, and I'll answer them to the best of my ability.

Feeding Bees in Winter- Best Hives.

A friend gave me 2 colonies last fall, and informed me the hives
were filled with honey and would last until spring. Jan. l.i I opened
one of the hives, on a fine day, and found the queen and MOO bees
dead, and no honey in the comb. I then wentito work (never did
such a thing before), took 2 pounds of granulated sugar and made
candy and shoved it down between the frames of the other.hive. Yes-
terday (Feb. 10) being a fine day, I opened the hive again and found all
the candy gone, and repeated the operation as before.

1. I want to know whether there is a better plan.

2. What is the best hive to have? A friend of mine has a hive
with a glass door in the back, and holes in the top for small boxes of
comb honey. New Jersey.

Answers. — 1. Hardly, unless it would be to lay a cake of candy
on top of the frames and then cover up warm.

2. Glass in a hive adds to it, but in a way of expense rather than
of value. There are differences of opinions as to what is the best hive.
For my own use I prefer the Dovetailed with .Miller frames, but have
no quarrel with those who prefer something else.

Management for Increase.

I have several oolouies of bees with the supers on the hive now.
Can I take them at swarming-time, as they are the same size of the
brood-chamber, move the old hive away wilh the old queen, and leave
the young colony in the place of the old one, and be all right ? Is that
a good way to increase my bees ; Te.xas.

Answer. — If I understand you correctly, your idea is to take
away the lower story and put it in a new place, taking the queen with
it, leaving on the old stand the upper story, trusting to the bees to
rear a new queen in the story that is left on the old stand. The plan
may be successful to a certain extent, providing there is brood left on
the old stand, among it being eggs or very j'oung brood. But it will
be very much better to leave the old queen on the old stand, with the
story that has least brood in, for the whole field-force will be left at
the old stand. It will also be a good plan to give a c|ueen or a sealed

154

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 5, 1903.

queen-cell to the part removed. If you have to let the bees ilo the
whole work of rearing their own queen, you will be more sure of a
good queen by this plan : Remove the <iueen to the new stand, leaving
most of the brood on the old stand ; about a week later make the hives
exchange places. You will see that by this means you will have your
queen-cells reared in a colony with a strong force of workers, and then
when you make the change the old queen on the old stand will have
the fleld-foree and a chance to lay all she wants.

Location for Bees— Transferring.

I am a beginner with bees, but have read a good deal on the man-
agement of them.

1. I will give the location that I am in, and would like you to tell
me what you think I can obtain from each colony. I am about one
mile from a creek bottom, having almost all kinds of growth, such as
pine, sweet-gum, red-oak, maple, linden, elm, etc. We have lots of
wild flowers, li., acres in peach orchard, a farming country, and no
bees except mine. I have 6 colonies, and want to increase to 25. Do
you think that will be too many for my location ? I am going to run
for comb honey, and I can get 12'.j cents per pound.

2, 1 notice that a writer advises transferring in time of fruit-
bloom or about l.i days after swarming. Why should I wait 1.5 days i
I have 3 colonies to transfer. My bees are in very good shape, I guess,
for they have some honey, and are watering to-day (Feb. 8). I don't
put them in a cellar, but leave them out in the yard. Texas.

Answers. — 1. I don't know enough to guess within a long ways
of what you will get per colony. After you have harvested the honey
crops of live years you may be able to tell a little about it, but the suc-
ceeding live years may not be at all the same. But I would have no
great fear about 25 colonies being too many for your location. Very
likely it will support three times as many.

2. Don't you mean 21 days instead of 15 1 The reason for waiting
21 days is that at the end of 21 days all the worker-brood will be
hatched out, leaving no brood to bother about.

Hives Where Bees Died witti Poul-Brood.

I have '25 8-frame Langstroth hives in which the bees died with
foul-brood. I have burned the frames and combs. Can I prepare and
safely use the hives next spring i Utah.

Answer.— Good authorities say it is safe to use the hives without
doing anything to them. As an extra precaution you can wet the in-
side with kerosene, and burn it out.

Feeding Bees in the Cellar.

I have 85 colonies of bees, piled 5 high in a small cellar, with the
bottom-board off and the cover on. They are short of feed, some hav-
ing starved to death already. I do not see how I can feed them all
candy on top of the frames, so I can get the cover back on, and so I
can pile them again, as they eat it so slowly.

How would it do to feed them honey through the pepper-box
feeder over the top of the frames (say 3 or 4 pounds), then replace the
the covers and repile them as fast as they can be fed, a few at a time '.

Minnesota.

Your plan will answer. At the same time you are using the pep-
per-box feeders, and in order to expedite matters, are not the hives so
placed that you can feed some of the colonies from below '. Of course
that will be only colonies so strong that the bees are down to the bot-
tom-bars, in which case either honey or candy could be fed. You
could also put candy over them, so far as room in the cellar would ad-
rait. By making a shallow frame to cover each hive, you could give
the candy to each colony, put the frame over the hive, and then put
on the cover. That would perhaps be the quickest way, if you do not
care for the expense of the frames. A frame an inch or two deep
would answer.

to lift out the first frame. More likely, however, you have lixed-dis-
tance frames. Pel haps there is a dummy, but so much propolis is
crowded in between the frames that it is harder to lift out the dummy
than it is to lift out one of the frames, in that case clean out the
propolis from the parts that come in contact, thus making room
enough to get the dummy out.

It may be that there is no dummy, but self-spacing frames that
crowd the hive full. Ifso I am sorry for you. But don't be clear dis-
couraged. Goto work and scrape the bee-glue off the parts that come
in contact with each other, and if then you haven't room to get the
dummy in beside the frames, use one frame less and put in a dummy
at one side. But if the dimensions are all right there ought to be
plenty of room for eight frames spaced r*^ inches from center to cen-
ter and a dummy 5-lC or -'^ beside. Tiie inside width of the hive
should be 12',^ inches. It may be you are in a place where propolis is
bad. and your frames are bad for it. If so, change to frames spaced
with staples, or with nails like the Miller frames would be a great re-
reliof to you.

If, now, I haven't hit your case, be sure to coms again and give
me more particulars.

-*-•-*'

Sowing Sweet Clover.

Perhaps Bulged or Crooked Combs.

I am in the bee-business on a small scale, having about 30 colonies,
and am buying all I can get a hold of, that are in old boxes, kegs, etc.
I hope to increase to 100 by fall. What bothers me is this: When I
attempt to examine a colony, I find that when I raise the brood-frames
out of the hive I break them, that is, as one is raised out it rubs against
the sides of the adjoining ones and tears great, ugly patches in the
comb. I used the Heddon-Langstroth hive, and the Langstroth
frames, 8 to the hive, for comb honey only. Where is the trouble ? I
can't have the heart to cause my bees so much work, and I must look
after them. I am particular in leveling up my hives each spring.
Would it be better for me to use 7 frames instead of 8 ?

California.

Answer. — I'm not entirely sure whether your frames are built
crooked in the frames or not. Of course, if they are built crooked,
the crooked part should be cut where necessary and straightened in
the frames. I think, however, that you mean the combs are straight
in the frames, only they are so crowded together that when you try to
lift one out it is rubbed, as you say, against the next comb. I wish I
could see your combs; then I could tell better. It they are loose-
hanging frames, and there is no dummy in the hive, then you must
crowd together a number of the frames so as to make room to lift
one out. If there is a dummy, lift that out first, so as to make room

As a further contribution to the subject I heartily endorse the fol-
lowing from Herman Betke, of St. Louis Co., Mo. :

" I have seen in the American Bee Journal that there are some in-
quiries as to the best way to sow sweet clover, and you advise to sow
on hard ground, and let live-stock tramp it in. Now this is very good,
but one may not have the live-stock, or it may not be convenient to
have stock tramp in the seed, so I thought I would give you my way
of sowing sweet clover.

"I sow on hard ground, and after sowing give the land a good
scratching with a harrow. This will cover some of the seed, and a
good rain will wash the loose soil over most of the rest. When the
ground is very hard it may be advisable to run the harrow over the
ground before sowing, and, of course, after sowing."

Granulated Honey in Extracting-Combs.

A great many of my extracting-combs were about half tilled with
honey, last fall, and I delayed extracting until the latter part of No-
vember, when I found it had granulated badly, and the extracting was
very unsatisfactory, leaving the combs heavy with white granulated
honey. What should I do with them before putting them on for the
spring flow ? South Carolina.

Answer. — You can melt up the whole business, and then when it
gets cold pour out the honey, or take oft' the cake of wax. But that
would ruin the combs, and is hardly advisable if the combs are good.
Perhaps the best thing is to let the bees clean them out as soon as the
weather allows frequent (lights. Spray the combs with warm or hot
water as often as the bees lick them dry. The combs may be put in
the hives with the bees, but the work will be easier and more rapid if
the combs be put out some distance from the apiary. If there is a
time after bees can fly freely when there is nothing for them to work
on, you will find that feeding these combs will be just the thing to
boom brood-rearing.

Feeding Candy in the Cellar.

I don't know whether it is mere bad luck or through ignorance on
my part, as a beginner, but my 34 colonies of bees, in the cellar, seem
nearly destitute of stores. I have started to teed some of them Vial-
Ion candy. They stored honey in the sections until a short time before
putting them into the cellar, Nov. 1; and just before putting them in
the cellar I fed them until it got too cold. The temperature in the
cellar ranges from 38 to .50 degrees, with no sudden changes.

1. How much candy would it take to feed 34 colonies of bees from
now until the middle of April ;

2. Would it do to set 2 hives on top of each other, with the cover
off of the one, and the bottom olf of the other, and feed them that
way ? That would be the same as IT colonies. Would that be any
cheaper ? Would they Hght and kill each other *

3. When I put the candy in upon the frames, that leaves the cover
open about an inch all around. Is that all right ? or what should I
do ? • Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. The amount of candy consumed by a colony of bees
in the cellar from the first of March to thS middle of April is very vari-
able. Better give each one not less than 5 or 6 pounds. Some of them
may not need a third of it, and some of them may need all. It will
not be a waste it you give them more than they need, for they can use
it later.

2. Don't think of doing anything of the kind unless you wish to
unite and have only 17 colonies remaining. The bees may not fight,
liut. one of the queens will most likely be killed.

3. It may do, but it is leaving the hive pretty open, and it will be
better to cover over with old carpet, gunny-sack, or something of the
kind.

Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. 'Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The reg^ular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long- as they last.

March S, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

155

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Nice Weather for Bees.

. At the present time we are having nice,
warm, spring-like weather. The spring birds
are singing around, and the blue-bird has
come, and it seems as if the baclibone of win-
ter is brol<en. The bees are taking advantage
of such nice weather. They are doing finely
this winter, and the prospects are good for a
good honey crop. L. A. Hammond.

Washington Co , Md., Feb. 13.

Having Fine Rains.

We are having tine rains. Everything is
looking all right at this time for a good honey
season. S. (^ Conkle.

Orange Co., Calif., Feb. 10.

Cappying out Cellared Bees for a
Flight.

Referring to the editorial on page 99, as to
the benefit of carrying bees out of the cellar
to have a flight in winter, I would say that
last winter (February, 1902) I took out one
colony that seemed to be very uneasy; the
day was fine, the bees flew nicely, and after
returning them to the cellar they seemed very
quiet the balance of the winter. February i,
190S, was a fine day, bees out in winter quar-
ters liew nicely.

The bees in this locality did quite well the
last half of last year, beginning with July 3.

SEEPS

BtCKBEE'S SEEDS^ SICCEEOI

SPECIAL OFFER:

'Made to liulld .New Ru«lne«H. A trial will!
make you our permauent customer.

Drl7P ('nUPrt\nn Il"ill»h." varieties, Lettotf,
Kl ILC V.»llCt.Ll»ll 12 kinds; Tomatoe.. 11 the

fii.cst^ rur.ilp, 7 splenJirl: Onion, 8 best Tarietios; 10 '
sprlng.flowerinc Hiilb^— «5 varictieF in all.

GUAR.S.\TKK1> T<» I'LE.kSE.

Write to-day f Mention this Papej^

SEND lO CENTS

postige an'l packing and receive th!» Tttlnabie
eollettloii uf Sceda poNtpnld,
Instructlv

" lit the Jiest varieties

..l.k.. R0rKF0a_

UOCKFORD, ILL. ,

'e>ise tnention iiee Journal ■

W

HIGC.INSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
I have received a car-load (
year

ique

suppplies this year and are nearly all sold.
" expect to order another car soon. These g-oods
are eijual to if not the best on the market, (iive
us a trial ord»»r. We are also ag"eats (or the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

$ I ^-80 Fo

. Eaey work. We furnish capital. Semi

iiilAPEK PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ills.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, Wis., II. S. A.

1903 Catalog Ready. — n you have uol recciveii a copy annually, send i
aud address, and one will be mailed you FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS. On all cash orders received before April 1, l')03, we allow a dis-

i your uame

count of 2 perceu

To parlies seudingf up
we will make the following 1
American Bee Journal (weekly) 70c,

order for Supplies amountinjr to $10.00 or mor
rates on Journals: Gleanings in Bee Culture
List of Agencies mailed on appHcaiion.
.-•ifiase mention Bee.Ioumal ■when writinp.

Wagon World Awheel.

Halt a million of these steel
■wheels have been sent out on
ourown wagons and to fit other
wagons. It is the wheel that
determines the life of

xm H wagon, and this is the longest
|||Lg{ hved wheel made. Do you want

m

■l^^^^X W * ^°^ down Handy Wagon i

■S /iK^S'/ use about the place? Wewillflt

■i/| \\K/ out your old wagon with Elec-

^K I I \,f trie Wheels of any size and

^■^1 ^^ any shape tire, straight or stai^-

^■^:^St pored spokes. Ko cracked hubs, no

loose spokes, no rotten telloes, no resetting. Write tor

the bic new catalogue. Itis free.

Clactrlc Wheel Co.. Box l6,Qulncy, Ills.

GOOD SEEDS

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalog — it's free.
3 A13t R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.

For Sale.

200 Colonies Bees, in good condition, in 10-fr.
Simplicity Hives, at $3 00 a colony. For 50 or
more, write for special price.

W. J. RAMSDEN.
10A2t R.R. No. 2S, Forest Lake, Minn.

Please mention Bee Journal "wben ■writing,

' Mnth's Special the Best

A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at Iheir factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

tW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

Front & Walnut Sts., CINCINNATL'OHIO.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Workins' wax into Foundation ior I'asli a Specialty. Beeswax
alM'ayx wanted at liig'hest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples. FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mention Bee Journal ■when -writinff

FOR THE BEST

HIVES, SnOKEKS, EXXRAC'IORS, FOUl^DAXIOI^-

.... AND ALL. . . .

kee>kke:pers' sipplies.

Please Mention the Bee Journal S.trSi??S,

156

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 5, 1903.

PERSONAIiToSUBSCRIBERS

■w

E WILL SEND t.. cverv Hiib^riiber ..r rejuier nt tin- AnitTie;in Bee Journal
packat'e<il VIT.KOItK, I. y mail, POSTPAID, sufficient tor one inmiihs
hin one iuonlb"s time alter receipt, U tlie receiver can truthfully say that i
re good than all the drucs and rtopes of quacks or poort doctors or patent mt
Kead this over apain careiully, and understand that we ask our pay only

and not before. We take ail the risk; jou have notbins
ins. VIT.^-ORE is a natural, hard, adamantine rock-like substance— mineral— o
like gold and silver, and requires about twenty years for oxidization. It cunt;-
and magnesium, and one package will equal in medicinal strength andciirativi
most powerful, efficacious mineral water, drunk fresh at the springs. Jt is a ge-
■ there is nothing added or lake" from. It is the marvel of the centurv tor curin;
tism. Bright 3 Disease, Blood Pi> soning. Heart Trouble, Diphtheria, Catarrh am
Kidney and Bladder Ailments, Stomach and Female Disorders. La Grippe. Mali
tration and General pebility, as ttiousands testify, and as no one, answering this

hpn it has done you good.
erlt you. you pay us notb-
' mined from the ground

I Ke

. Ner

iting for a package.

/ after using. Give age. ills ai

This offer will challenge the attention and consideration, and afterward the erntitude of every living
person who desires better health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases wh cb have defle l the medical world
and grown wor-e with age. We care not for your skepticism, but ask only your investijzation. »nd at our
expen^e. regardless of what ills you have, by sending to us for » package. Vou mu.--t not write on a postal
card. In answer to this, address.
SE3t THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dep't J. P.. 527. 529, 531 W. Noith Ave., Chicagfo, 111.

Please mention Bee joumai when wntlna

We are tlie Largest Maniifactiirers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send tor catalog. ^., • ^j,^ .: ... -^ _, ^*»

^^^^»

§^W

iHonAcM.Pj

Minneapolis, Minn.

We liave tlie Best boods, Lowest Prices, and Best SliippinE Facilities,

Please mention Bee Journal -wnen "writme

Have You Seen Our Blue Cat-

aloe? 60 illustrated pages; describes EVERYTHING NEEDED rN THE APIARY. BEST goods
at the LOWEST prices. Alternating hives and Fereusoo supers. Sent FREE; write for it
Tanks from galv. steel, red cedar, cypress or fir; freight pa *!;. price-list free.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO., box 90, Red Oak, Iowa.

Agencies: Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, Neb.; Shugart.&Onran Council Bluff Iowa; Chas.
Spangler, Kentland, Ind. '2E26t

LABOR SAVING
WAGONS

THE FARMERS' HANDY WAGONS

are useful and time and labor siivinn' e\ery day in
the year. Low down, lliey load easily; low draft,
they are easy on the liorses; wide tired, they do
not cut ruts across the fields. The wide platform will carry a big
load without building it high. For hauling tools to and from the
field, hauling manure, hauling hay, grain, logs, lumber, or anything
else where a big, wide load is to be moved the Farmers' Handy
Wagon is better than any other vehicle. Stronger and more durable
than any other wagon. Wooden wheels guaranteed to hold tires five
years. Iron wheels have spokes hot-forged in, not cast in. Dealers sell
them. Send today for latest catalogue containing full details of

the many ways in wliich
our wagons are superior to
others.

If your dealer cannot or
will not get this wagon,
do not buy any other with-
out first informing \ourself
concerning the larniers'
Handy ■\\agon. Kemembei-
^^J no other is "jusl asguod."

kk' .. ..d.l>^^i^l FARMERS' HANDY WAGON CO.

SAGINAW, MICHIGAN

Please Mention the Bee Journal

when writing
Advertisers ••»

We look forward for a good year the coming
season, but can not just tell yet which way
the wind will blow.

If the bees confined in the cellar are un-
easy, and a day comes in midwinter that will
give them a chance to tly freely, f believe it
will pay to give them a chance. It snow is
on the ground scatter straw freely over it for
a few rods around— a little will go a long
way. This last advice is for beginners; the
veterans know how.

I have been a constant reader of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for eight years. " The proof
of the pudding is in chewing the string." was
an old saying, but I prefer to eat the pudding;
this I get in what I learn from the " Old Re-
liable." L. G. Bi.AiR.

(irant Co.. Wis.. Feb. Ill

A Disagreeable Winter.

It is a bad winter here — cold, windy, and
very disagreeable all the time. I saw bees
Hying a few days ago. They were in fine con-
dition. My 53 colonies are all doing nicely.
Henry Allet.

Essex Co., Mass., Feb. 23.

Robber-Bees Stinging— Forced
Swarming— Smoker-Fuel.

I notice on page .543, about " Robber-Bees
Stinging," and I agree with W. W. MeXeal,
of Cook Co., 111. I had a colony of lilack
Ijees (weak), placed away from the rest of my
apiary, the rest of my bees being Italians.
The Italians started to rob my tracks, and as

The Thresherman

makes waste when he uses a m.ikeshift or
buys a machine of doubtful value.
He gets a known, depend-
able qu.intitv in the

NEW RUMELY

SEPARATOR.

It comprehends ttie widest uses, does the fastest and
most perfect work, is t!ie simplest in construction, has
the longestlife and makes more money for its owner
than any other thresher made. Serve yourinterests by
studying it Ijefore buying. Our large illustrated cata-
log shows wlierein it excels otliers. Also describes
our famous Traction En-ines. Write tor it. It is

M. RUMELY COMPANY, LA PORTE, IND. I

nease menuon Boe journal wnon writiue

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HUUHNSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Dur east-
ern customers will save considerable freig-ht
bv ordering- flora them. Kind and courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAHY MFG. CO.,
:415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.

CUCCD UnilCV IS GOOD MOKCT

dnCCr nunc I and easy to make
t you work for uB. We will start you In
lOuaineBB and furnisll tlu' i-apital. Work
Jlight and eawy. Send 10 cents for full
"line of samples and partlculnrs.
DRAPER PUBLISUINa CO., Cblcaso, llli.
t^ease iLentlOL Bee Journal when wntina-

March 5, 1903

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

157

I went to the robOed colony I very soou foumi
out that robbers do sting. I 'contracted the
entraDce so that one bee at a lime would pass,
and saved my black bees.

I am hard ajxainst any way ot increase ex-
cept by natural swarniing. When there is no
nectar in the tields to gather, why, you do
not have to feed the nuclei of brushed
swarms; nor any weak ones made by unnat-
ural swarming. You may leave the swarm
and return after-swarms, or cut queen-cells
out and prevent after-swarms.

For smoker-fuel I tind nothing better than
hard maple, out as long as the smoker, and
split and put in with a lot ot coals in the bot-
tom to start it. One smoker full will last a
half day, or longer, if you don't use it much.

.Jones Co., Iowa. G. B. Williamson.

Tile South Dakota Convention.

The South Dakota Bee-Keepers' Association
held its annual convention .Jan. tjs, in Yank-
ton. There was a good attendance, and there
were many subjects of interest discussed.
There is a growing interest in apiculture in
the State. We expect to double our mem-
bership this year, and also to produce double
the honey of former years, if the season is
favorable. Last season was a poor one for
honey in this locality, our average being about
nO pounds per colony of comb honey, and lOU
pounds of extracted.

The bees seem to be wintering well, those
ou the summer stands especially. Mine had
a good llight Jan. 15, and they were all alive

40

SPLIT
HICKORY
WINNER TOP BUGGY

Madf of st'lecUd second fzrowth split hickory
throutjhout. Handsome aud durable. Thi.s is
a thorou^'hly high-srade vehicle at a low
price and has heel braces on shafts, panel
carpets, leather quarter top, solid panel sprin^^
back, open bottom spring cushion, boot on back
of body, high leather dash, storm apron, sire
curtains, oil and lead paint (choice^ of colors),
open hearth oil-tempered sprinixs;. Norway iron
clips, bolts and forijintrs and a hundred other
points of merit. Guaranteed for two years.
SENT ON 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Hitch up to it and uee It before you decide.
It will pay anyone to borrow the money and pay
interest on it to tabe advantage of the great etvmg
contained in thie bugsry bflreain. It is an investment
for years. Sef nre our larse catalogue, sent free If
you write, di^-^icrihing this and numerous other
vehiries and harness at bargain prices. We lead
the world in quality, style and price. Address
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.iStation 6. Cinclnnati.O.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ■wntine

GRAPES.

Most dt-li

t.alatab

e of all

fruits, bu

they tast

■ belter i

picked

fresh fron

lyourown

vines. Si

sstrong.

perfectly hardy pi a

us. 2 red

2 black

and 3 white

with our nov

directions

forculttire

s(i that failure! s impossible, for only 7.t cents,
charges prepaid. Lar^e illustrated seed and
plantcataloii freejfyuii mention this paper.
IOWA SEED COm Oo% Moines, Iowa.

f lease mention Bee journal Tffhen 'wntina-

Marshfield Manufacturing Company.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write'jfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Compauy, Marshfield, Wis.

Please mention Bee Jovirnal -when ■wrritine.

Calves Fenced

With Pajre Fenee never grow into breacliy cattle.
rAGK UOVK.N WlUK FKNTI-; CO., A DIU \> , .>! K'l!.
Please mentjon Bee Journal ■waeu WTitme

of 1903,

or longer, to work with experienced manager of
larg^e apiary. State age, experieoce, references,
wages expected, etc. Single man with ability
I to use carpenter's tools preferred. Address,
P. E. G., care A mektcan Hke Journal,

144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

$300,000,000.00 A itAK

and you may have part nf it If you work
for iiH. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

busiueHs. Draper PubllsbiogCo..ChlcaKo,lll.

Prevent Honey Candvinff

Sent free to all. '-'

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

51Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. |

BIIN^HAN'S PATENT
^^s^\i^-^ Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINGHAM. Parwell, Mich.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the wbole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee Journal wnou wrmna

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For hatching and brood-
ing use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS

Free Catalog !• A. Banta, Lleonler, Indians

4t)A20t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
supplies. These groods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keepek, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. W. D. FULTON,
Catalog- Free. Garden City, Kan.

To BUU BEES,

'iA2t

IN OR NEAR
CHICAGO. Address,
RicHTEK, 157 Khide St., Chic.igo, III.
Please mention the Bee Journal.

^PPE GROWN

FROM SELECTEB
BEARING TREES

OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
I PAY IT- 'sEsTd F^'OR IT

i^LTlTUS NURSERYnemahaneb

3Allt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Laug-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Houey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Hease mention Bee JoumaJ 'wb«n 'wrltliie'

$18.50

dow bumpers, pust proof
oU lubes.

The Most Perfect Made.

We have other slvl. disrs
for »15.2'.. V
l-Jinp.

Stocl Rpam CaltlTator,

I plain, with 5 shovelfl.

432 pages. si7«

Send for Our Catalogue JL.''tSs1i%^.To-.t'JilV"^r.^;,^S!iJJ^\Soy^ MARVIN SMITH CO.,

Please mention Bee ^stimal ■when writing.

cull AUO, lU.

158

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 5, 1903.

Tennessee dueens.

Daug^hters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long--todg'ued
[Moore's, and Seleci, Straight
5-band Queeds. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $150 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Plef'^e mentiou Bee Journal when vrriting

Incubator Triumph of the Age.— It was Chas.
A. CvpberF, president of the well-known Cyph-
ers incubator Co., who, afier s years of study
and experimenting, discovered "the diffusive
principle' in successful artificial incubation.
Bv means of Mr. Cyphers' great discovery, as
embodied in the incubator bearing his name,
the natural moisture within ihe egg is con-
served, answering all purposes, the chicks com-
ing larger and stronger because hatched "' in
nature's way," and under all ordinary condi-
tions no thought or attention whatever need be
given to the heretofore troublesome and often
disastrous *' moisture question," or to the
proper ventilation of the hatching chamber.

[Cyphers incubators, as manufactured to-day, -
are practically automatic, being s^elf-ventila
ting, self-regulating, and requiring no supplied
moisture. All the attention they need is 5 min
utes in the morning and 5 minutes in the even-
ing to fill the lamp, trim the wick and turn the
eggs. The incubator does the rest and does it
perfectly.)

Mr. Cyphers built his first incubators with
his own hands, wood work, metal work and all.
To-day— only 6 days later— the Cyphers Com-
pany occupies a mammoth plant at Buffalo,
N. Y., employing over 300 persons, and operates
its own stores in New York, Boston and Chi-
cago. The company also has agencies and dis-
tributing depots in ihe principal cities of every
State in the Union and in Canada, Europe, Aus-
tralia, New Zealand, British Soulh Africa,
South America, Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands
and the Orient.

The 7th annual catalog of the Cyphers Com-
pany, entitled, "How to Make Money with
Poultry and Incubators," is unquestionabl,v the
most valuable book of its kind ever published.
It contains 12 special chapters from the pens of
experts, covering every branch of profitable
poultry-keeping. Heretofore, this annual Cat-
alog and Guide has been sold at 15 cents per
copy, although worth many limes the amount,
but this latest and most valuable edition will be
mailed free, prepaid, during the next 30 days, to
all interested persons who will write for it and
name the American Bee Journal. Address,
Cyphers Incubator Company, Executive Offices,
Buffalo, N. Y.

EVERGREENS

Hardy
breaks, o
to $10 pei

, hurt

, for^

tea. Prepaid, $1
rRainatoevIcct
from. Write at oiico for free Catalocuo
and Bargain Sheet. Lociil ARentfl wanted-

D. Hill,sSS Dundee,lll.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

up to that time, and seemed to be strong, and
very few bees are dyingr so far. I winter the
bees on the summer stands, and worlc for
comb honey altogether, and natural swarm-
ing. Last season I had 17 new swarms, and
did not lose a swarm or a queen from spring
until packing time for winter. I think that
a record-breaker, don't you ?

The following is a list of the ofHcers of the
South Dakota Bee-Keepers' Association for
this year: President, <i. L. Dibble; Vice-
President, L. A. Syverud: Secretary, J. M.
Hobbs, of Yankton; and General Manager, J.
J. Duffack. District Vice-Presidents: H.
Schell, P. N. Cross, G. L. Chamberlain, L. A.
Syverud, and G. L. Dibble.

J. M. H0BB8, <SVf.

Yankton Co., S. Dak.

Report for the Season of 1902.

I started last season with 3 colonies in chaff
hives, and although it rained nearly every
day in June I increased to 6 colonies, and
took 360 pounds of honey, which I sold for I.t
cents, besides the sections that were not well
filled, which we used ourselves.

The main crop was buckwheat, and a lot of
fall aster honey, which was as clear as water.
Dean Laudenslayer.

Clearfield Co., Pa., Feb. 4,

Cellar-Wintering of Bees.

Is it desirable, when a favorable day comes,
to take the bees out of the cellar in winter
and then return them after a flight i Years
ago I wintered my bees in a very dry cellar,
where the temperature run from 30 up to 60
degrees, Fahr., and I wintered bees in there
pretty well. I gave them a flight as soon as
possible. One year (I don't remember which
year it was) I thought I would try to answer
this question, and left two colonies in the
cellar; the rest I gave a llight, and after I got
them on the summer stands they were very
weak, and did not come out of the hive. I
took them into a warm room and they crawled
out on the floor, but could not fly. They
looked like a queen full of eggs. About a
week after that every one was dead. I be-
lieve if I had taken them out with the others
they would have kept all right.

Here is my guess : With the uneven tem-
perature and very dry cellar they felt uneasy
for a long time, and ate more than they
should, got too full, and could not get rid
of it.

In 1896 I put the bees into the cellar Nov.
22, where I could keep the temperature be-
tween 42 and 46 degrees, and tried this ques-
tion again. I took a strong colony whose
weight was .58 pounds. March 2 we had a
nice wind; that day I got the colony out of

^^ FENCE!

STROMGEST
MADE. Bull

strong, Chicken-

•I**WWJ*W| COILEl) HI'lllNa FKNCK (0.

"""" Box S'J niDchester, Indiana, U. S. A.

40Etf Please mention the Bee Journal

A BIG SNAP IN BUGGIES!

A well built, tiueiy finishes
but,'gy with oil leuipeibd bi
Hus iill the stjie shown by n,

beat it in style or equal in pric

Write for price and ai,'eney pla

ECONOMY BUGGV CO..

nox A 53, C!i.:!lMnaCI. <>.

lOE7t

Please mention the Bee J

HlCitUNSVlLLE Bl.E-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-It. ad of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if uot the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keeper, price, 50 cents per year. Send vour
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free. Round Rock, Tex.

DARGAINS IN SEEDS

novelties. Don't buy until you see our New Calalogue.

Mailod FREE if you mention this paper.

lOW^ SEED CO., DES MOINES. IOWA.

1 Dolt Quick! ^

$2.50 for

Sample Free

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, $5uc;

Gleaniug-s in Bee-Cul-
ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00

TlieMoflern Farmer

St. Joseph, Ho.

flease 'nftntion Bee Journal -when -WTitiiig

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

Alr^tiftlfll ^^3.t is over a quarter of a
%IUUI lia.1 century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

Amepiean Poultry Joupnal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog and price-list free.

Address,

W. F. & Jo

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Magic
Rheumatic Cure

It absolutely does cure. It is not a
CHEAP remedy, but it is a CHEAP
cure. Mark the distinction ! Tiiere
are a thousand remedies to one cure.
This is a cure. It costs S2.00 a bottle,
and is worth $20.00 to any sufferer.
Sold only by our authorized agents or
direct of us. Send for circular. Ag^ents
wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO., Chicag-o.
R. 331 315 DEARBORN ST.

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbiug agents
for THE A. 1. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote vou prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog." H. M. HUNT & SON,

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

WE WANT WORKERS

BOYS

. e, Glrla, old and y

I make mouey working for ua.

e fumbh cajiit&l toeiart y^n id boal-

a 10c stunpsor Bllver for full timtructlonB and a Iioe of

uDpieetowork«rlth. UKAPER PUBLISHING COMCblcaEO.III.

March 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

159

the cellar, and the weight was SS'o pounds.
They had a good flight, and the colony was
strong. I left them until night, and the
weight was .Vi pounds. On April 4 I put the
bees on the summer stands, and their weight
was 44 pounds; so it lost 14 pounds, or .s
jiounds in one month after its flight; and the
rest consumed about 7 pounds during the
whole winter, and came out in good shape,
•too. Their cellar is under the house, with a
warm room on top ; the cellar is very damp
so the water stands on the walls, still the bees
winter in there all right. For example, last
winter I put in 64 colonies, kept them in 4'.j
months, and tj'i came out in very good shape;
3 were weak, and those 2 were Italians; they
quit breeding so early in the fall that the
most of them died from old age.

Now, somebody might say that under the
house is not a good place, the bees get dis-
turbed too much; but that is not so with me,
because I am very particular with my bees.
Sometimes I go down with a light and look
over them, and the bees hang there as if they
were sleeping. I winter them without hive-
bottoms.

If we want to winter our bees well, let
them have good, healthy stores and strong
colonies, a wet cellar, and an even tempera-
ture, then we do not need to be afraid to win-
ter our bees for five' months without giving
them any flight or fresh air.

I would like to shake hands with Mr. Leu-
pold (page lost). I, too, have been working
among bees since childhood, nearly 53 years
now. I had more than 20 colonies in straw
hives when I was .'> years old. I can do the
same trick that he can; but I take a dead
colony. H. B. Stumpe.

Stephenson Co., 111.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego Couniy Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Fulton, N. Y., Saturday, March 7, 19[i3.
Prof. Frank Benton will be present and address
the meeting. An interesting program is being
prepared, and all persons interested in bees are
cordially invited to be present.

Mortimer Stevens, Pres.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

New York.— A series of Bee Keepers' Insti-
tutes will be held in the State of New York as
follows: Canaudaigua, March 2 and 3 : Romu-
lus, March 4; Auburn, March 5; Cortland.
March 6; Fulton, March 7; Syracuse, March '»
and 10; and .\msterdam March 11.

Prof. Frank Benton, Apicultural Investiga-
tor, furnished by the United States Department
of Agriculture at the expense ot the Bureau of
Institutes of the State Department of Agricul-
ture, will address the meetings.

The New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies will hold its annual meeting
at Svracuse, March 10, at 10 o'clock a.m., in the
City Hall. Prof. Benton and other prominent
bee-men have informed us of their intention to
attend this meeting, and a profitable and inter-
esting session is in store for those who attend.
Special rales have been secured for entertain-
ment at the Manhattan Hotel. Fayette St., at
$1.25 per day. C. B. Howard, Sec.

A Feeler.— Attention, bee-keepers of Missouri!
Let us organize a Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association. What do vou sav? I move we
elect Mr. John Nebel, of 'High Hill, Mo., presi-
dent pro tern. Who will second the motion ?

Other motions in order will be to elect a sec-
retary and treasurer, and other officers that
may be needed, and then adopt a constitution
and by-laws, and proceed lo business generally.

This " feeler " goes to about 200 or more bee-
keepers who are readers of bee-papers. If you
appreciate it, please send me a dime to help
bear expenses, and your name will be recorded
as a charter member. If I get more than enough
to pay e.xpenses I will turn the balance into the
hands of the treasurer, whoever you may elect.
If I do not get enough to pay expenses' I will
tell the Association all about it, and they can
adopt any measures they please.

Wakenda, Mo. Y'ours truly, W.T.Cakv.

The above " feeler " was scattered over the
State of Missouri about two or three weeks ago,
as an open circular letter. I have received 32
replies containing money or stamps, and en-
couraging words. Fourteen of them seconded
my motion for John Nebel for president pro

lem, and two nominations were made for secre-
tary and treasurer. Other replies will be gladly
received, aud vour names enrolled as char.er
members for lo cents, until further notice is
given. In your replies please vote for president
pro tem, and uonnnate candidates for secretary
and treasurer. W.T.Cakv.'

New York --The annual meeting of the New
Y'ork Stale Association of Bee Keepers' Socie-
ties will be held in the Citv Hall, Syracuse,
N. Y., commencing Monday, March '5,1903, at
7 p. m., following the Oaondaga Co. Bee-Keep-
ers* meeting and institute which is to be held at
the same place during the day. Program: Mon-
day, y p.m., " In Search of New Bees— Reminis-
cence," Prof. Frank Benton: Tuesday, March
10, ') a. ra.. Secretary and Treasurer's report,
C. B. Howard; President's annual message,
W. F. Marks; Discussion, opened by Dr. C. L.
Parker; " Objects lo be sought and methods to
be employed toward increasing the usefulness
aud efliciency of our i-rganization," O. L. Her-
shiser, F. (.reiner, Cnas. Stewart; Question-
Box; Appointment of Committees; Adjourn-
ment for dinner.

1:30 p.m., presentment of credentials and pay-
ment of dues by delegates; Election of officers;
Reports ol committees; Miscellaneous busi-
ness; *' Breeding bees for the harvest," Prof.
Frank Benton; Discussion, opened by N. h.
Stevens; Reports by State Bee Inspectors;
Ouestion-Box; 5p.m., Adiournment.
"Prof. Frank Benton is the Apicultural Inves-
tigator for, and is furnished by, the U. S. Dept.
of Agriculture, and his expenses are paid by
the State Bureau of Institutes.

Special rates have been secured for entertain-
ment at the Manhattan Hotel, Fayette Street,
$1.25 per day. C. B. Howard, Sec.

Romulus, N. Y.

The New Regulator

un the Sure Hatch iy really auto-
matic and direct acting— greatest
improvement of years Don't pay
double price for old stvle machines.
.i^Cet -mr hook and free trial offer.

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO..

Clay Center, Neb., or Columbus, Ohio.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market, (.iive us a trial order. We
are also ag^ents for the Progressive Bee-
Keepek, price 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.

WALKER BREWSTER GRO. CO.,

423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.

Also dealers iu honey aud beeswax Catalog- free.

flease mention Bee Journal wJien -writins

IT IS A FACT

That our Hue of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing- with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders— all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers* Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

r'olSf rkfnia f ^^ 7°^ c^''^ ^o know of itt
^ctlllUrillct I Fruits, Flowers. Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copj of Call-
oruia^s Favorite Paper —

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticnlttiral aud Agrlcnltnral

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
audsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal

0-pa(jeGatal0Q Free.t

Full

iforma-

regard-

Best in the

i. Danzen-

41
ing Bee-Supplies of all kiod
market. Latest improve
baker liives kept in stock.
luEtf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

i HONEY AND BEESWAX

Cbicaoo, Feb. 7.— The market is in ralheran
uusettled state. The offerings of late have been
numerous, and there is a tendency towards
lower prices, owing to the supply being much
larger than expected at this season of the year.
The fancy grades of white will sell at 15(a)16c
per pound, but anything below this grade is dif-
licult to place at anything above 10@12c. Ex-
tracted honey is also easy, with the best grades
of white obtainable at 7'u.sc, and ambers at
6(a 7c. Beeswa.t steady at 30c upon arrival.

R. A. Bdrnrtt a Co.

Albany, N. Y., Feb. 20. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, 15c; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13(a)i4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at '@1%c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.

H. R. WSIOHT.

Kansas City, Feb. 21.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is better, receipts
light. We quote as follows: Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No. 1, f3.30; No. 1
amber, |3@f3.25; No. 2, white and amber, $>.S0.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c: amber, i<@6>4c.
Beeswax, 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Feb 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, aud will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is folly to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at SJi(a6i^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@9H,c. Fancy white comb
honey, 16(ail7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax firm at 30c.

The Fred W. MnxH Co.

Nbw York, Jan. 23. — Demand for comb honey
quiet on all grades, and prices show a down-
ward tendency. Supply quite sufficient to meet
demand, if not more so. We quote fancy white
at 15c; No. 1, at I4c; No. 2, at from 12(5 13c; dark
and buckwheat, at from \\iaj-\2c.

Extracted also quiet with abundant supplies
with the exception of white clover. We quote
white at 7c; amber at bHc. and dark at 6c. Com-
mon in barrels from (.0(oJ65c per gallon.

Beeswax firm at from 2'i@30c.

HlI-DRBTH Sl SbOBLKBN.

Cincinnati, Feb. 7.— The comb honey market
continues to be draggy and hardly any demand
and therefore prices have weakened. Fancy
white clover comb sells for 15(aiiSJ4c; for am-
ber there is no demand. The market for ex-
tracted is fair and prices rule as follows: Am-
ber. 5'4@5J^c, by the barrel; in cans it brings a
little more; alfalfa, 7^c; white clover, 8@SMc.
Beeswax, 2s<@30c. C. H. W. Wbbbk,

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
llj^@12^c; light amber, 10@llc; dark, S@biic.
Extracted, white, 6@6Mc; light amber, i$S%c;
amber, A@4%c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26(a27}^c; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates "entire stock of hone;
of l')02 in the Slate at IS cars," worth SK@6cper
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

_ TRACTED HONEY 1
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Beo Jotimal when WTitlng

Honey For Sale.

2000 lbs. Basswood Extracted honev, at ''c a
pound. All in 50 lb. cans. Warranted PURE

HONEV. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ILL.

5Atf Please mention the Kee Journal.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are Interested in Sheep In any way
yoa cannot afford to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

fVool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his indnstry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are yon Interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICASO. III.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when vrritlng

160

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 5, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoii
Mill not I>e disuppointeU.
^Ve are iinclersoUl l»y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially tor beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M.Gerrish, Epping, N H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

rtease mention Bee Journal when writing.

BEE^SUPPLIES!

Everything used hy bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

serTice. Low freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

• 3

OMAHA, NKIi.
We carry a comple stock of HIO(;iNSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
U save ctinsiderable freight by or-
them. Kind and courteous treat-
rices and prompt attention our
Address.

LEAHY MFG. CO.,
1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.

customers
dering fro
raent, low
motto.

Catalog F

Please mention Bee Journal when WTitm«

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, IDc for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at }ic a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

' '''' Dadant's Foundation ''''

year

Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^ilrT^^fS^^EltXllEEt^J."- I

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SMEBTINQ. K

Hrkfc if cf>n en vi/f>n V Because it has always given better satis-
UUCS IL SE^II »U wtll i faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Why

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS •<

^/%^^^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/ise:d,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

?«^, "5;? ■^*-i«-rr^'i*"W'vr-^'*r5*'*r^'5*'vr>^-^'rr^''*r^-"ir^^rf ^^K

^ Your Success J

in

BEE-KEEPING

is due largely

to the

I Hives and AoDliances i

USED.

ROOT'S GOODS

((

Are Standard

throughout

BEEDOM."

The A. I. Root Company,

HEDINA, OHIO.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 A 146 Erie Street,
CHICAGO ILL.,

^ are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to ^
. g> them for their free Catalog. ^^

Natural Swarmini>-Forminff Nuclei.

The Hive trobkui.

a. M. DOOLITTLli.

p,|V\ERieA/V

Bee Journal

43d Year,

• CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 12, 1903.

^- A QUARTET OF APIARIES'

■(4-

(See next page.)

Apiary of G. H. Wells, of Cass Co., Iowa.

No. 11,

^l L . W . \ Uiiiu. of Stearns Co., Minn.

Apiary of Wm. W. Green, of Cook Co., 111.

Apiary of Peter Gallee, of Ray Co., Mo.

162

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

PUBLISHED -WEEKLY BY

GEORGE fi. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
OE!OK,Ca-E3 "VV. TTOK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C. Miller, E.E.Hasty, Em.ma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is Sl.OO a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, !J0 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy frtc.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

i Weekly Budget. I

Rev. James M. Smith, of Santa Barbara
Co., Calif., writing us Feb. 28, said:

"My home was burned lately— total loss.
The family were all away camping. My file
of American Bee Journals and every book
were burned."

We regret exceedingly to learn of Mr.
Smith's heavy loss. Of course, many things
undoubtedly held sacred as well as of pecu-
niary value are lost. Only those who have
passed through such a " clean sweep " know
anything about it. We hope but few will be
called on to experience it.

Apiary of AVm. \V. Green.

The picture shows my hobby at the height
of its prosperity last summer— not high
enough to be alarming— with " Yours truly "
standing beside his crack colony.

My two little assistants, aged 8 and 9, show
rather indistinctly near the edges of the
picture.

I started keeping bees three seasons ago,
purely for pleasure and recreation, and, I
must say, that 1 have attained what I sought.
Madam says she would like some honey, if
you please, but I get all my pay before the
crop comes off. Rather think my pay was
rhe larger last year.

I have 36 colonies in a rather narrow city
back-yard- whose limit will be about 36 — and
run for extracted honey, using Jumbo 10-
frame hives (Draper barns)— and could not
be induced to change for smaller. My field is
very poor, one-half being Lake Michigan, and
the other half so sandy that its product is
small. The poor field brings me one blessing,

however— no foul brood within reach of my
bees.

Being in the game for pleasure, I have ex-
perimented a good deal, mostly with the dif-
ferent races of bees. Last year I had pure
Italians, blacks, and Cyprian queens Carnio-
lan mated. So far the latter have come out
the best, with Italians second. My data is as
yet, however, too limited to be conclusive.
One could not ask for a better bee than the
Cyprio-Carniolan, first cross. The queens are
very prolific, the bees tremendous workers,
large, gentle, and uniformly marked, being
distinguishable from three-banded leather-
colored Italians. In the next generation the
uniformity disappears, pure black bees ap-
pearing regardless of the mating of the young
queen.

My only original feature is that I number
the queens and not the hives. Each hive has
a brass card-holder tacked on it with a num
bered water-proof card therein, and when the
queen changes her abode the card goes with
her.

I clip all my queens, principally for the pur-
pose of " branding " them. I am not troubled
with much swarming, using such large hives,
although some of my best queens— Cyprio-
Carniolans — have needed more than one hive-
body for a brood-chamber.

It is perhaps needless to add that the
American Bee Journal has added greatly to
the pleasure I have obtained from bee-keep-
ing. Wm. W. Green.
Cook Co., 111.

tering, and what is very interesting is this:
The colonies seem to get through with a
small amount of stores, and we generally hear
the first honey of the season is sold from this
apiary in his district.

Mr. Gallee does not send off for queens, his
apiary being from the original stock, except-
ing a stray swarm or two which may have
come into his yard, so his queens are reared
under the supersedure or else the swarming
impulse.

His apiary is on the Missouri River, and he
thinks it he had forage all around his bees
would do still better.

Has any one an apiary started with one
swarm of black bees, and not helped with
queens from other apiaries to equal, or be
better, than Mr. Peter Gallee's apiary '

Ray Co., Mo. John S. Semmens.

Apiary of C. W. Virgin.

Although my apiary is not very large, there
is a whole lot of room for it to grow.

It was started from a swarm of bees found
in the woods Oct. 26, lUOl— theold empty hive
which is on the right. They were taken
home, kept in the cellar all winter, swarmed
out twice, and the remaining swarm was then
put into a hive.

From the first colony on the left I got 20
pounds of surplus; from the next enough
stores to winter on ; the third, and last col-
ony, I have had to feed.

I have several more colonies that I found
in the woods last fall, all in the cellar and
doing nicely.

I got some of them home too late in the fall
to feed; I don't know whether they have
enough to winter on or not. I can see a few
of the bees, and a little of the comb through
a hole, but can not get in to them without
splitting the stumps, and I don't want to do
that until in the spring. C. W. Virgin.

Stearns Co., Minn.

' Apiary of Peter Gallee.

One afternoon, in 1896, when Peter Gallee,
with a friend, returned from a stroll to his
home his wife met him and said she was glad
he had come, for she had caught a swarm of
bees, and she wished him to put them in a box
or something right away, else they might go
ofE. Peter said, " That is best; let them go
off," tor he would not have anything to do with
them. His friend said he could hive them, so
they were put into a box — a colony of nice

' yellow bees. They swarmed, and the swarm
, was boxed. Now, Mr, Gallee got interested
in the bees, and thought if he were going to
keep bees and do any good with them they
should be kept in something more convenient
to handle, so he got some Langstroth hives
and commenced to handle bees in a practical
way. and produced section honey. The bees
kept increasing so that other hives were
needed, and he now uses lock-cornered hives
with 8 Hoffman frames. Last year he had 35
colonies, spring count, and produced 2200
poimds of comb honey besides the increase.
He has now about 6.t colonies.

He winters on the summer stands by group-
ing the hives in twos, leaving the fronts open,
but the sides, ends and tops are covered with
straw, hay or grass, as is most handy at time
of packing, the whole kept in place with four
lath frames fastened with stakes and ties, with
shade-boards on top to carry off the water.
He sees that each colony has enough stores
until spring, when he looks to their condition,
and helps with a little feed, it needed. By

I this method very few colonies are lost in win-

The Apiary of G. H. Wells.

My son took the picture of the " Diamond
Apiary " and me. Only 19 colonies appear,
while we have 21, and on the most of them
the diamonds show, being put on with Vermil-
lion paint, and each hive is numbered with
blacli paint inside of the diamond.

We began td study the bee-business two
years ago, starling with one good colony badly
hived, and one very poor one in a square box,
so that both had to be transferred into good
hives, which I did with the help of an old
man that had handled bees for some years,
but had not studied the business, so, of
course, I have made some big mistakes; but I
have tried to learn what I could by reading
the bee-papers and books. One of the big
mistakes I made was to take a very fine queen
out of her hive (the colony had been hived
June 2, and had given me .5" pounds of nice
comb honey), and put in a young queen that
I got from Texas, and she died, or was not to
be found the next May, So I learned that
when 1 have a good queen, and she is doing
well, to let her alone, whether she has one
band or three, although I have nine nice 3-
banded queens.

Last year the bees in this vicinity did no
good except in increase. I bought several
young colonies, and at the close of the swarm-
ing-time we had 26, but we had to double
them up because they did not build comb
enough to hold syrup to winter on, so by put-
ting two colonies together will be able to pull
through, I fed them about 200 pounds of
sugar, and then put them in the back cham-
ber and darkened the window, but left it so I
can give them plenty of air, and they seem to
be doing nicely so far.

I think I would better raise them up from
the bottom-board by putting a % strip under
the hive on three sides, and then put queen-
guards in front to make sure the mice will
not get in. Better be safe. G, H, Wells.
Cass Co., Iowa.

Queen-Clipping: Device Free!

The MiiNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
Ne\v subscrilter to the Bee Journal
>»for a year at ?1.00; or for $1.10 we

-^ will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St,, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Tiie Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-

'"^' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, Ihh.

^j^ERIC^]^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 12, 1903,

Nail.

An Illinois Foul Brood Law is what
the bee-keepers of this State are eodeavoring
to have passed during the present session of
the Legislature. Referring to the matter,
Secretary Moore, of the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association, has this to say :

Park Ridge, III., Feh. IG, 1903.
Dear Bee Keeper; —

The time has arrived when we can reach our
represeiiliitii'is at Springfleld and get a Foul
liruod Law enacted. The Secretary of the
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is in personal touch with more than half
a dozen of the members, of the Legislature
now in session. About TO of the members are
from the city of Chicago and Cook County,
andean be personally reached. It will be nec-
essary to raise some money to pay postage and
other necessary expenses. Every bee-keeper
in Illinois (several thousand) must be reached
Ijy mail. The matter must be argued before
committees of Senate and House. About .S:WO
may be needed to cover necessary expenses.
Subscriptions so far are ;

George W. York, S2o; Herman F. Moore,
«10; H. M. Arnd, .¥.5; Peter N. Duff, ?10; Mr.
and Mrs. Frank Brown, 85; Dr. C. C. Miller,
.«o; J. A. Highet, -SI ; Mrs. N. L. Stow, ?5; C.
F. Kannenberg, S;5; G. E. Purple, *5. The
subscriptions will be used only to pay neces-
sary expenses. The money will be expended
by the executive committee of the Chicago-
Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association. The
Association shall be custodian of the funds,
and any surplus over what is needed to get
the pas"sage of the law will be placed in the
treasury of the Association.

Now, send in your names and money, for
we must have a f'ml brood Inw in Illinois,
and now is our opportunity. The writer has
had the honor of the friendship of the Hon.
Henry W. Austin, of Oak Park— a member of
the present Illinois House— for some years,
and he is personally interested in the passage
of this law.

Any one knowing of a member of either
Senate or House who is interested in bees,
will confer a favor by notifying the under-
signed.

It will be well to have a number of the
prominent bee-keepers all over this great
State present when our Bill comes before the
committees of the Senate and House. If only
one or two were present they might think we
did not amount to much. Watch the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and we will keep you in-
formed.

The Bill will go before the Legislature as a
petition from the Illinois State and the Chi-
cago-Northwestern Associations jointly. We
ask an annual appropriation of .*1000 in our
Bill.

Let all the bee-keepers in Illinois rally, and
«•(■ s/iiil! loir: thr liiiK we 50 much need. Xolli-
;„,/ ,„„ jo-rnol it but the iwVffn-rnn- of Ihosr
moyi InUri'^trit. Remember, you must act
promptly, as the Legislature i£ now in session,
and committees have been appointed.

has been to Springfield and addressed both the
Senateand House Appropriations Committees,
to which our Bills were referred. Both com-
mittees gave us a very respectful hearing, and
the House committee carried a motion to re-
port it favorably to the House, and recom-
mend that it do pass. The Senate committee
had yet to act at the time the writer left
Springfield, but it seems certain that they are
favorably disposed to our Bill.

Now, any of the Illinois readers of the
American Bee Journal, who can reach a mem-
ber of either House or Senate before our Bill
comes to a vote, please do so, as we need all
the help we can get.

Pres. Smith, Sec. Stone, and Treas. Becker,
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association,
did some hard work before the committees.
Mr. Stone had a hive, and Mr. Smith a frame
of foul brood comb.

Herman F. Moore,
i'haifttuin of Foul Brood Vo/niidttee^
< '/uroijo-Xortlnuesterii Bee-Keepers^ Association.

March (5, 1003.

Carpet-Grass (Lippia n.udlfoni) islanded
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture as a honey-plant
of great value. Its name is suggestive of its
appearance, and it flourishes where without
it the ground would be bare. Stock eat it.
It flourishes in nearly all parts of the West
Indies. It has been lately introduced in the
Bahamas, and is now the leading honey-plant
there. W. K. Morrison thinks that sufficient
perseverance would succeed in establishing it
on the vast sandy wastes known as the piney
woods of Florida, and Editor Root waxes
eloquent after the following fashion :

If the sandy wastes in Florida could be
covered with such a mass of green verdure,
with its tiny little flowers so redolent of pre-
cious sweetness, what a transformation would
be made! Verily, the desert would become
a garden of Eden; and the happy hum of
bees would gladden the hearts of many thou-
sands of bee- keepers.

Since the writing of the above the chairman

Giving Bees a Cleansing Flight is

advocated by G. A. Deadman in the Canadian
Bee Journal. He favors taking them out of
the cellar and giving them a flight, say for
this locality about the flrst fine day between
the 5th and 10th of April, or possibly before
if any prospects of early spring, and then put-
ting them back again for perhaps two weeks
or so. One object of this is to start brood-
rearing, for liees do little at brood-rearing so
long as they remain in the cellar. To be sure,
they will start brood-rearing just as early if
taken out at the time he suggests and left
out; but he argues that during that two
weeks' time many bees will be lost by flying
when too cold for the bees to get back safely
to the hives.

An item that Mr. Deadman does not men-
tion, althou".,'h no doubt well aware of it, is
that the evil." of conflnement increase toward
spring in sumething like a geometrical ratio.

and bees will suffer more during the last two
weeks than perhaps during the first two
months. If they can be relieved by a cleans-
ing flight, and then do as well in the cellar
afterward without any evil effects from that
flight, there will be a gain.

But it has been pretty generally believed
that bees thus returned to the cellar would be
so uneasy that the evil effeot of this would
overbalance all the good results. If a large
number of bee-keepers who cellar their bees
will this spring try the experiment of taking
out and returning a certain number of colo-
nies, and then comparing their after welfare
with that of the colonies remaining in the
cellar till later, it will go a long way toward
settling the question.

Testing Honej-Barrels. — To test hon-
ey-barrels before waxing, a bicycle-pump is
recommended in Gleanings in Bee-Culture in-
stead of blowing into the barrel with the

breath.

■♦

Remedy for Laying Workers.— C.

M. Aarons, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, rec-
ommends that the larva be removed from one
of the queen-cells started, and a worker-
larva from a fertile queen put in its place.
From this a queen will be reared. It is
claimed by some that a virgin queen, when
first hatched, is kindly received in any colony,
even where a laying queen is present, and
only when the virgin becomes a day or so old
does jealousy arise between her and the
reigning queen. If that be true, a good deal
of time would be saved by giving the laying-
worker colony a just-hatched virgin — if you

have one.

. .«

Bee-Keepers Need the Scientist,

says Arthur C. Miller in the Bee-Keepers'
Review. It is too often the case that a bee-
keeper of very limited experience puts that
limited experience against the conclusions of
the ablest scientist, rating the investigations
of the scientist as something misty and un-
real. To such a person the following wise
words of Mr. Miller may be commended ;

The scientist differs from the ordinary ob-
server and student in degree rather than in
method. The former proceeds with caution ;
testing, trying and weighing each step of his
experiments; makes his observations as abuD-
dau I as possible; compares the results of his
work with those of others, when possible;
and thus deduces from these what he believes
to he " laws." The ordinary observer, on
the contrary, proceeds less methodically; is
content with less exhaustive experiments,
and decides ott-hand. But between the two
extremes there are so many shades that he is
a reckless individual who will say, '• Here is
the dividing line." So, let the scoffer be-
ware, for he, himself, may be a truer scientist
than the man at whom he scoffs.

164

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTBR.

(Continued from papre 149.)
JOINING THE NATIONAL IN A BODY.

Pres. York — While the tellers are counting- the ballots
we may as well proceed. What about joining the National
in a body ?

Dr. Miller — I move that this Association as a body
unite with the National.

The motion was seconded, put, and carried.

Pres. York— The secretary tells me that this is Dr.
Miller's time for an address. I don't knowr whether he
brought it with him or not. I know he brought his wife 1

Dr. Miller — I made my address several times this after-
noon, and probably will repeat it before night.

Pres. York — We will take up the next question.

SQUARE OR TALL SECTIONS — WHICH ?

" Which is preferable, square or tall sections ?"
Pres. Yor'k — I think Mr. Huber Root could answer that
pretty well, judging from what he knows about them.

Mr. Root — I don't know ; it is a hard question to decide
at all. I should prefer to let each one decide that for him-
self. I don't think that one man or one company of men
could decide that for anybody. I think half would want
square and half would want tall. It doesn't seem to me
that we can decide that without an actual test.

Pres. York— How about Missouri, Mr. Leahy ? Do they
care anything about it down there ?

Mr. Leahy — Unfortunately for Missouri we haven't had
any honey this year. We sell more of the square sections
than any other kind, but I attribute that largely to the
hives. In the different States surrounding us they are fitted
already for the square sections. I favor the taller sections
myself, providing that they hold about the same as the
4'4x4'4Xl's sections. The Baldwins, in Missouri, have
been large producers of comb honey. They use a section
4'4;x5. They get a little more for it, because people who
buy it think they are getting a little more for their money.
It is a larger section. I believe that we are drifting toward
the tall section. My ideal section is the 4x5. I would rec-
ommend that size. 4x5x1 ;'s is my idea of the ideal section.
Then there are many that won't like to change their supers
for the benefit that will come from a tall section. I do not
like a real narrow, tall section. I never heard of anyone
that liked the 3=8x5, although some buy them.

Mr. Clarke— I would like to get an idea from some of
those who have been using 4x5 sections in this locality, as
to how their sections have been filled this season. This
was a season that they can be tested. How many unfin-
ished sections have they had this year ? I mean in a
locality where there has been a poor honey crop. It has
been a wet season, and a good testing season for that.

Mr. Root — I just wish to say that I agree with every-
thing that Mr. Leahy has said, and I think the 4x5 sections
are coming up, although we sell more 4 '4 square sections.
Every man to whom we sent 4x5 sections sends in more
orders, and I don't know of any one who ever used the 4x5
section who ever went back to the square, and that's taking
the voice of the whole people, and not only a few.

Mr. Whitney — I have used both kinds. Two years ago
I had an equal number of each, 4x5 and 4'+ square. The
grocerymen liked the 4x5, but when I get out a section of
honey and put it on a plate, and submit it to the ladies, they
say, "Give us the square section.' They thought it looked
better on the table than the 4x5. They weighed substan-
tially alike. Of course, the 4x5 looks more like a window-
pane. From all we see, it looks as if there was more honey
in it, and the grocerymen like it better because they think
the tall sections sell easier, perhaps, and they can make a

fraction of a cent per pound more. I think they fill just
about as the 4'4 square, no better I think.

Mr. Niver — I have been having quite an experience in
that line in the last two months, buying honey up in Wis-
consin. There is a transition state up there as to what was
the preferred section, how they are going to change their
supers. I talked it over with a good many bee-keepers, and
tried to figure out some kind of a way. How are you going
to do it ? 4x5 sections will not fit their supers ; 3J8x5 will,
five rows of them ; four rows of 324x4^4x1 '2 is what we use
in New York. They only fill a fancy section, weigh just
about '4 of a pound. That's what our idea is to get. The
reason for that was, that it made an even 15 cents at the
price it was then at retail We were trying to work for the
groceryman. We believed that he was our best friend, and
we should work to get him suited in the best way to retail.
We sold these sections for 12 cents, and he retailed them at
15 cents each. We never sold by the pound. I don't be-
lieve in that kind of work. That made our old supers so
that we could use them. If you use any other size than 4x5
you have to put in blocks or wedges at the end, because it
won't fit your supers, and it is a little difficult to figure and
get them just right to suit everybody ; but I think that
4 '4x4 '4 are away back, especially if bee-keepers want to get
to the tall sections, because it seems the fashion is running
that way.

Mr. Wilcox — There is just one thing in Mr. Niver's re-
marks that I would notice. I have not had enough experi-
ence with the two in comparison to know which is the bet-
ter, but the suggestion that he produces a '4 -pound section,
one well filled for the general market, is something worth
knowing. If any great number do that it is quite possible
the groceryman will seek it, and in time there will be a
greater demand for that than there will be for an honest
pound section, because they can sell that for a pound sec-
tion. I am afaid if they do that they will either force those
who produce honest pounds to come to the "4 section, and
the public will understand the facts, and the advantage
gained will be lost. The price will be adjusted accordingly.
At the present time we have the 434^, and it has been the
standard. When it was first brought forward by A. I. Root
it was an honest pound, and, properly filled, it was. It has
stood better than any other could, and I really believe that
it is entirely satisfactory to the honest trade to-day, and if I
should attempt to sell a 14-ounce section, or a 12-ounce sec-
tion, and have it called a pound, I am afraid I would lose
customers. I know there is somewhat of a demand among
grocerymen for something that is a fraction short, and they
want to buy by the pound and sell by the piece. It is rarely
that they find fault with 15 ounces to the pound — 15 ounces
to the piece, if you please.

Mr. Niver — We once had a two-pound section, and
everybody used it, and there was quite a kick when we got
it down to one pound. I don't know but an honest '4 is just
as honest as an honest pound. It is all the same. There is
no pretension mada in any section. When you come to the
retailer he says, " Take your choice." He don't say, " Take
a pound." It is just as honest to sell the man's '4 -pound
section, and the grocers think they can make more money
out of their pieces. This question of dishonestj' doesn't
" cut any ice " when selling by the piece. If a man says
they are all one pound, and they are '4 of a pound, that
is deception. Anybody can find it out. That old cry for
an honest pound is like the political cry for an honest
dollar.

Dr. Miller — Why is it that the general trade, the
grocers, etc., prefer to have honey average just a little less
than a pound ?

Mr. Leahy — A 4x5 section, to my notion, fits on the
super better than any other to put them crosswise. There
isn't so much sagging to the holder of the section, and one
thing that I like about a 4x5 section is, that where the super
is not deep enough it is very easy to add a piece of wood
around it. Dr. Miller has asked the question why it is that
retailers, grocerymen, wish to have a section weigh a little
light. Any one who has handled comb honey in large
quantities knows that a case of 24 sections that weigh 20
pounds net will sell quicker, and that the merchants will in
some way or another get pay for 24 pounds, or he will
charge just as much for a section that weighs 15 ounces as
he would get for one that would weigh 16, only in the
smaller way of selling a pound there is not much thought
of an ounce. We make a great many cabbage crates, and
if we can't make them up to weigh 23 pounds they don't
want them, and I have asked them why they wanted them
that way. " Well," they said, " we just make three pounds
on the crate, and the cabbage is worth more than the

March 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

165

crate." In other words, when they sell a crate of calibage
they want to substitute three pounds of wood in pl.ice of
cabbage, and the market recognizes that 20 pounds is the
weight of the crate, and they force the manufacturer to
make them that way or he can go out of' business, and we
haven't been able to make them heavy enough, so they
bought heavy Southern gum, and heavy yellow pine, and
when the small merchant buys his crates of cabbage they
put in the crate at 20 pounds; it is customary. I don't
know which would be the best way to get a plan whereby
the wholesaler and the retailer can steal a little honey from
their customers. I don't know whether we ought to allow
them to do it. I know some consciences say, " We don't
put it up that way ;" and some do, and sell it quick, and get
just as much per pound for it, if not a little more.

Mr. Kluck — I remember well when we had the two-
pound sections, and when the 4'+x4'4x2 section wasn't
wanted. Now we have what we call the Ideal. That is
3>8x5, and they hold 12 ounces of honey. I have found that
I can sell all my Ideal sections before I can sell any pound
sections. Ask them so much a piece, well filled, and all
practically alike, and I sell them all first. So much a sec-
tion is a little lower than a pound, and they will take them
all first, and they will all be sold first, and I think the time
has arrived that we can sell the Ideal a long ways before
selling the others. It is almost impossible to sell a two-
pound section on the market. They all want the Ideal sec-
tion, and, to my notion, it is going to be the leading sec-
tion of the day. It will exactly fit an 8-frame hive. There
is no fixing around to these.

Mr. Root — I would like to ask if we sold none but the
Ideal if they would sell quicker than a given number of the
4'4 square ? Isn't it because he has two sizes, and one is a
little cheaper than the other that he sells the other first ?

Mr. Kluck — The other is cheaper in regard to section,
but dearer in amount of honey, and they would sooner pay
more for less honey than for the other.

Pres. York — For .the Chicago market there is no pref-
erence in sections. You can not get any more for a tall
section than for a square one. I would also say that the
grocery trade in Chicago almost unanimously demands
light weight. We can scarcely sell sections that weigh a
full pound. The grocers want sections that weigh 21 to 22
pounds to the 24 sections. I am speaking from experience,
not heresay. I know nearly all the grocers refuse to buy
heavy weights. They want them light weights.
Dr. Miller — Do they buy by section or weight ?
Pres. York — They buy weight and sell by the piece.
They seem to have gotten onto that trick.

Mr. Kluck — How does the Ideal section sell ?
Pres. York — They are. all "ideal " in one way, but we
have practically no 3'ss5 sections here. I don't believe I
ever saw more than one small shipment of that kind.

Mr. Baldridge — Is it not a fact that the dealers who
have light-weight sections are trying to sell their cases by
the case, instead of by weight?

Pres. York — Yes, I think that is true to a certain ex-
tent. They are trying to force them to buy by the case in-
stead of by the pound. I received a market quotation from
Kansas City, where the firm had changed the quotation
from the pound to the case. It was the first notice I ever
received from that commission firm. I could make a con-
fession here about buying honey by the case wherein I was
badly beaten, so I think I won't say anything further about
it. I know I never want to buy any more that way.

Mr. Baldridge — I was in a wholesale house today, and
they won't sell only by the case. They want us to pay for
21 pounds as much as we would pay for 23 or more.

Dr. Miller — There is one thing that was touched on in
relation to this, and that is how to change from the supers
we now use with a 4'4 to something that would take a tall
section, and in what way would that change be made with
the least expense. I think that a'.l of the 4 '4 supers can be
changed to 4x5, but I don't think you meant that as a case.
Mr. Leahy — If you will take them, any one of you who
have the 4'4x4'4 supers, and add a little rim at very slight
expense, then you are ready for the 4x5 section. I don't
believe there is any other waj' that you can change from the
square to the tall section.

Mr. Niver — I would like to ask Mr. Leahy what width
he would make his section ?

Mr. Leahy — In speaking on that subject, I said ray ideal
section was 4x5x1 ;s.

Mr. Baldridge — With or without separators ?
Mr. Leahy — If I were going to use them myself I would
use separators, but I know very prominent bee-keepers who
use them without separators, and produce very nice honey

by using starters. I would use them with separators, but
hot a 12-ounce section, but one about IS ounces.

Dr. Miller — I think 4'4'x5,''2 would bring you about the
same as 4 '4 x4 '4 .

Mr. Wilcox — I would like to ask Dr. Miller, or any other
man, would there be a gain or a loss in using a thin section
as against a thicker one, that is, in the storage, in the cost
of it ?

Dr. Miller — I don't know; that's easier asked than
answered. I try to think, too, to a considerable extent. I
think there is a loss. I think it will cost you more to store
the same weight of honey in the tall sections than it will in
the square. I am pretty sure I can say that far. It will
cost more in the first place, you will have to use more foun-
dation ; and when you make a thinner section it costs you
more unless you go beyond a reasonable thickness.

Mr. Niver — On that point I have had a good deal of ex-
perience. In our locality we find that the thin section not
to exceed 1 '4 . they will cap and finish far better than they
will a thick section. Our 1 '4 we threw out because they
must draw it out and carry the honey. They will carry it
much quicker and cap it quicker, that's the reason we
changed to a tall section. The "bulk of our honey comes in
August, and in order to get them finished and fit to sell,
and capped over, we found it was to our advantage to have
a thinner section, because the bees would cap them so much
quicker in a little cool weather ; but it might not be so in
other localities.

RESULT OF THE ELECTION.

The election of officers resulted as follows : President,
George W. York ; Vice-President. Mrs. N. L. Stow ; and
Secretary-Treasurer, Herman F. Moore.
(Continued next week.)

I Contributed Articles.

Natural Swarming— Formation of Nuclei.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

AGAIN, as my custom is during the long winter even-
ings, I have been going over the summer numbers of
the bee-papers, to see if there was anything of impor-
tance missed in the hurried reading necessary during the
summer months, when there is so much to do. In this
reading I came across something from the pen of one of
our most practical men, which seems more like the mistake
of a novice than otherwise ; but as it appeared in the
American Bee Journal, and, so far as I have seen, has not
been noticed, I think I will call attention to it, as it may
help some beginner to form correct opinions, and know
more of how natural swarming is conducted. What I
allude to reads as follows :

"Thus [when a prime swarm issues], the able-bodied
members of the hive, accompanied by the queen, leave for a
new abode, allowing the young bees to remain and rear a
queen. Usually the preparations for emigration are begun
several days ahead by the rearing of queen-cells, and, when
the bees leave, the young queen is about to hatch."

In nothing pertaining to bee-keeping have I spent more
time and study than I have on natural swarming, and if the
above is right all of my study has been in vain. I find it
this way :

When the colony becomes inclined to swarm, the bees
form embryo queen-cells in which the old or mother queen
deposits an egg, one in each, that are to produce queens.
In due time these eggs hatch into larva?, which are fed
royal jelly till the cells are sealed over. With the sealing
of the first queen-cell (or cells) the swarm issues. This is
the rule, and the exceptions are that the swarm sometimes
issues on the day the eggs are laid in the queen-cells, or at
about the time the first of the queen-larv:K hatch.

Only under conditions of unfavorable weather have I
known this rule and the exceptions to be violated. With the
sealing of the queen-cells we have seven days intervening
before the young queen emerges, so that it could not pos-
sibly be said that "the young queen is about to hatch."
The only time when it could be said, would be when the
swarm was kept back by foul or unfavorable weather.
Where any of the first queen-cells are sealed between one

156

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

o'clock p.m. and six o'clock the next morning, a swarm
may be expected during- the next nine hours, if the day is
favorable. Should there be high winds, cold or rain, the
swarm will stay quietly in the old hive, and if such weather
continues unabated for one, two, three, four, five, six or
seven days, the colony tiiay keep these queen-cells, and
swarm on the first favorable day that comes ; in which case
should they be kept back from four to seven days, it might
be truthfully said that the young queens were about to
hatch or emerge from their cells. But not one swarm out
of 500 ever issues under these circumstances, for by the
time three or four foul days have occurred, the bees begin
to feel poor from the lack of honey coming into the hive,
give up swarming, tear down the queen-cells, and carry the
embryo queens from the hive. But I have known, in one or
two cases, the bees to preserve these young queens under
unfavorable weather till the eighth day, when one or more
of the young queens would emerge from their cells soon
after the swarm had left ; and one of these cases was this
last summer, during which it rained 28 out of the 30 days in
June, and 24 out of the 31 days in July. Then the writer
says that the " young bees " are allowed to remain and rear
a queen.

We often hear that the old bees go with the swarm, and
the young bees remain in the old hive. This is as I find the
matter : Bees of all ages, except those so young that they
can not fly, accompany the swarm, and those of ail ages
stay with the old colony. Hundreds of times have I seen
the ground in front of the hive covered with bees from six
to ten hours old, all white and fuzzy, and too young to fly,
that had tried to go with the swarm, and I never yet hived
a swarm but what I could find hundreds of these young
bees just a little older, enough so that they could barely fly,
hanging in the cluster with the other bees, some of which
were so old that their wings were nearly worn off. Nature
makes no mistakes. If only old bees accompanied the
swarm, these old bees would die of old age before any young
bees would emerge from the cells in the newly-formed
home, for where bees build their own combs, as they always
do when combs are not supplied by man, it must be 23 to 24
days before many, if any, young bees appear, and this is
more than half of the lifetime allotted to worker-bees at
this season of the year.

DIFPERENCE BETWEEN PRIME AND FIRST SWARMS.

On page S39 (1902), I see I am asked to tell " what is the
difference between a prime swarm and a first swarm." As
I understand it, a prime swarm is a swarm that is perfect,
or at its best at the time of issuing, or such a swarm as we
have been talking about in this article, where the mother
queen accompanies the swarm, which is composed of bees
of all ages. A first swarm may be a prime swarm, and it
may not be. In cases where the old or mother-queen dies
in or about the swarming season, the bees will proceed to
rear a queen from the brood left after her death, when, in
due time, the first young queen will emerge from her cell
and lead out the ///j/ swarm, which would be to all intents
and purposes an ajter-swarin, except that it might have a
larger number of bees with it than most after-swarms have.

If I wrote that a " prime swarm is often erroneously
called a first swarm," such was done without fully consid-
ering the form of expression I was using. It should be ex-
pressed that a first swarm is often erroneously called a
prime swarm.

FORMING NUCLEI.

On page 583 (1902), is an article from the pen of Dr.
Miller, in which he conclusively proves that in his locality,
and with his bees, it is possible to form nuclei from bees
and combs taken from a colony having a laying queen,
without taking any precaution as to keeping them from
returning to their old home. In my former articles on this
subject, I told just what had happened with me when I had
tried such a plan, and I had supposed that bees would act the
same with other people as they did with me, so, perhaps, I
was too sweeping in my assertion, that were two bushels of
bees taken from a colony having a laying queen, and placed
in a new hive on combs of brood, without any precautions
being taken, they would all stampede for home without
leaving enough to form a decent nucleus. And that was
just as I have found it, in conducting scores of experiments
along this line, only the two bushels of bees were not gen-
erally used.

But last season gave me a surprise. As it rained
nearly all the while during the month of June, when I must
form my nuclei for queen rearing, and not having enough
queenless bees to form what I wanted, I, one day in my

desperation, formed some nuclei in just the way Dr. Miller
says he did, and plenty of bees staid for them to " hold the
fort." This seemed so strange to me, in view of my former
experience, that I set to thinking, and I remembered that it
had been over a week since the bees had flown, and for this
reason quite a share of the bees taken did not know of any
other home than the place they were put in. Besides this,
it kept cold and stormy so they could not fly under three
days after I formed these nuclei, so that this added much to
their disposition to stay " where put."

But later on, when the bees were flying every day, I
tried again in the same way, and had the same difficulty
that I always had, of going to the nucleus hives the next
morning only to find the combs deserted, except a few very
young, fuzzy bees, the most of which had emerged from the
brood in the combs given them.

I am not positive, but the reading of Dr. Miller's article
above referred to, looks as if he might have formed his col-
onies (if not nuclei) by taking bees from several colonies
having queens, and putting them together to form new col-
onies. If he did this, I should expect them to stay much
better, for where I wish bees taken from a colony having a
laying queen to stay where I put them, I take the bees
from several colonies, mix them all up, and then form a
colony of these mixed bees (small or large), and the larger
part of them will adhere to the combs of brood in the new
location. This mixing process seems to disconcert them,
causing them to be so confused that they forget their
anxiety to get back home, until they become accustomed to
the surrounding circumstances. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

No. 3— The Hive Problem— More About Size
and Shape.

THERE is no doubt in my mind as to the failure of the
present form of hive to fill the bill in results. As I
have shown in the two preceding articles, the regular
Langstroth hive is not as fully suited to our needs as might
be, for wintering it is too wide — or rather long — for its
depth, and is not easy to contract or expand. However, I
believe if bee-keepers would use either 6 or 7 frames to the
chamber, filling out the remaining space with dummies or
followers, then at all times outside of the harvest flow carry
them two deep, that better results would be accomplished.

I have for several years advocated the lOframe hive for
this territory, doing so because the 8-frame hive was too
small. I have not changed my mind in the least as to size
except to favor even larger than the 10-frame ; I now think
that very often a 12 frame is not any too much. I consider
the shape of the Langstroth hive as not satisfactory, be-
cause it must be too large in its top surface to get proper
depth without getting the hive too big during the harvest,
so as a compromise, and to continue the use of that hive, I
doubled up, thereby getting depth without enlarging the
super surface. It is more natural for the bees to have the
depth about twice the width, in any event have the depth
considerably more than width and length. The Langstroth
frame is too long, but used as I have indicated, two sets
deep, it is not so bad.

One reason why I am adopting the 8 frame width, is be-
cause its width approximates the proper proportion as to
height when the hive is two stories high, or one story with
2 or 3 supers on A two-story Langstroth hive, whether the
same depth is in brood-chambers or equivalent in supers or
combination, is about 20 inches. If a little was cut off the
end of the hive and put on its height, it would be almost
idea!. With the hives of these proportions I am confident
we can get better average filling of the supers, and there
being but 24 sections instead of 28 they will be filled and
ready to come off sooner. If one wants to keep supers on
longer they can be raised and others put below, yet the
travel over the finished sections raised to the top is reduced
to a minimum. Still another advantage is that when a
super is raised and a fresh one put under, work will be
pushed more rapidly in the new one, and work going on
freely in the super ahuays lessens the crowding of the
brood-chamber. If a colony can once be gotten to work in
the super, we have in a very large degree gotten the control
of that colony to keep down swarming, and to get steady
and good super work.

To accomplish more nearly what I have just been out-
lining as to shape of hive, I am adopting a new divisible-

March 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

167

chamber hive, each chamber to have the capacity of ahoiil 4
Langstroth frames. In width it is the same as the Sframe
dovetailed, and its length !(> inches. The net measurements
areS'+ deep, 12 wide and Id 1-16 long. The frame is 5xli),
usual spacing and closed-end standing-style. The reason
for adopting this size is that it will conform to the 4x5 sec-
tion. I believe I can get better finish in the 4x5 section than
in the 4'+ x4'4 — it conforms better by being higher than its
width. If the sections would fit as well, and lumber would
work as well, and covers were as easily made for a wider
hive as for the narrower, I would prefer to have the brood-
chamber the same in width each way, but 24 sections gives
me so close to the ideal that I have settled on that shape —
12x16 for length and width, and a 5-ioch deep frame. Six-
inch lumber will cut either super or brood-chamber, and the
same body is to be used more or less interchangeable and
for either purpose.

In using such a hive I have found some things that
would not be expected. Suppose I hive a swarm onto sections
of this hive — its capacity 8 Langstroth frames — work will,
as usual, be begun in the top section, and almost immedi-
ately I can put on a super and have it occupied. There is a
tendency to work upward from the starting point, or rather
to work above it. As I understand it, it is this way : The
colony having started in the top or second section of the
brood-chamber, if a super be then added above and honey
is being stored, they feel that they ought to store the honey
above the brood that is being reared, so that in practice I
have had, when swarms were hived, the colonies to fill one
section of the brood-chamber and one or more supers, and
that when there was an empty brood-chamber below of 4
Langstroth frames capacity. I think it is unusual to get
much super work over a set of frames in the Langstroth
hives until there is no more room below in which to store.

The main points are in having a hive that conforms to
the natural conditions as much as possible — one that when
there is no super on will be to the best advantage and lik-
ing of the bees. As supers are on but a small portion of the
year, why not have the hive so it will be normal the whole
time, if possible, and not one or two months out of the
twelve, and these one or two the very ones in which there is
the less need of economy of heat, and of conformity to in-
stinct and inclination of the bees. The greatest need, and
the time that taxes the apiarist the most to succeed, is in
the wintering and springing — if only we can get the bees
for the harvest we can manage the harvesting problem.
Give me the hive and system that will put more bees in the
field for action in time for the flow, and I will very largely
increase my profits. The great problem is to get ready for
the harvest, and I want the hive that will help in that direc-
tion : that done, I will get the honey.

If Mr. Doolittle reads this he will no doubt try to ridi-
cule my ideas, and say he doesn't want his bees brooding
sticks and spaces as they would have to do when there are
so many frames, and bottom and top bars all through the
hive. I do not want them there, either, I would gladly do
away with them if I could, but how can I ? The same width
and depth of hive serves the bees just as well if there be no
sticks at all from cover to floor, but we cannot contract nor
ever make a success of comb honey with the constantly deep
brood-chamber, at least with present knowledge. I have
used frames as deep as 15 inches, and as shallow as 4'+
inches, outside measure, and I am making, and have made,
a success of so very shallow frames. I have for several
years had bees on a 4 '4' deep frames, and they make colonies
equal to anything on Langstroth or Gallup frames. The
sticks are an aggravation, and the people who so strenuously
object to them do just as Mr. Doolittle does — have two sets
of sticks between every two supers.

Mr. Doolittle kicks about a few sticks in the brood-
chamber, and not so long ago stormed about the thick top-
bars to brood-frames, but now he uses a great quantity of
lumber in his top-bars and adds still more to it by having a
space above these^bars and above that another set of sticks
before the bees come to the sections ; and if he wants to
put on a second super two more sets of sticks are between
the first and second sets of sections. Objectors to the sticks
and spaces, all overlook the fact that usually the colony is
confined to the space between two sets of sticks at the sea-
son of the year when the economy of heat is most needed,
for the greater part, and when the colony becomes strong
enough to cross the sticks and cluster on both sides of them,
then they can rear brood in a ten-bushel box about as well
as anywhere.

I am not advocating a wholesale change of hives. I am
not yet throwing away other hives to adopt the new-faiiffled
divisible brood-chamber hive. I am using both 8 and 10

frame dovetailed, and other styles of Langstroth hives,
American frames, and several others. It is after having
used a great variety in style and size of hive and frame
that I come to the conclusions that I have, but having seen
the demonstration of the principles, I point out to the
fraternity the findings that all who can may benefit there-
by. There is a future for the shallow sectional style of
hive which becomes in fact a large hive, but it is not going
to put all other hives in the fence-corner at once. I am con-
fident that those using 8-frame hives can make good use of
that style and get the practical application of the large-hive
principle just as I have out-lined by using two stories and
then contracting, and I firmly believe that in nine cases out
of ten it will be found quite profitable if properly applied.

The wintering troubles in the ordinary hive are in many
cases largely overcome by the use of cellars, but the large
hive and colony will go far toward solving the cellar-
problem. 1 note that I am by no means alone in the elastic-
hive question, and in the large-hive matter there is a host
of believers. Mr. Doolittle has for years been advocating
the same principles, but reaches the goal by another route.

Larimer Co., Colo.

\ Our Bee-Heeping Sisters j^

Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, 111.

Starting in Bee-Keeping.

I am sudde-jly thrown on my own resources for sup-
port, and as my home is in a rich alfalfa district f believe I
could do well keeping bees, but I do not understand the busi-
ness, and there is no one here from whom I can obtain in-
struction. I write you to know where I can go for thorough
instruction in all departments of the business.

Would it be best to try for a situation with a skilled
apiarist ? I want to devote my time to the work, and get a
practical knowledge of the business as thoroughly as I can,
and as soon as possible. Mrs. E. K. Hoffmax.

Phillips Co., Kan., Feb. 20.

You are fortunate indeed to be in a rich alfalfa district,
if you are going into the bee-business, as large crops of
beautiful honey come to bless those that live in the alfalfa
districts. But there is another thing to be considered : Is
the ground fullv occupied by other bee-keepers ? If so, it
would be trespassing for you to start another apiary. It
may be that the coast is entirely clear, in which case you
are fortunate.

In some of the State agricultural schools they give in-
struction in bee-keeping, but I do not know whether they
do or not in Kansas.

I think it would be the very best thing you could do to
try for a situation with a skilled apiarist. Of course, the
nearer home you could obtain such a position the better it
would be for you. . , ,

You might try putting an advertisement in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. I should think that would be the quickest
way to obtain such a situation.

There are many things about the business that you
must learn from the bees themselves, and if you are fortu-
nate enough thus to get the benefit of the knowledge of a
skilled apiarist, it will no doubt save you many dollars and
cents. In the meantime, I should advise you to put in your
time until spring studying a text-book, getting as thor-
oughly posted as possible in bee-lore. It will be a great
help to you.

Water for Bees.

It seems a little out of season to talk about watering
your bees, if, as in a good many localities, they are snugly
housed in the cellar at the present moment. However, it is
well to anticipate their wants. Indeed, there may not be
any anticipation in the case where the bees are wintered
out-of-doors. Just as soon as there comes a day warm
enough for them to fly, one of the first things they will do
is to start in search of water.

Bees are hard drinkers, and it is a matter of some im-
portance that they have easy access to plenty of pure water

168

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

without being obliged to fly some distance to secure it.
Especially is this true in the early spring when cold winds,
sudden changes in temperature, etc., work such havoc with
our bees. Water they must have, and if they do not have it
supplied near home tiiey must seek it elsewhere.

More bees are lost in the early spring by flying some
distance, becoming chilled, and never getting back to their
hive, than some bee-keepers are aware of. We don't want
anything that will induce them to take long flights, much
less anything that will oblige them to.

Bees are largely creatures of habit, and when once they
have established a drinking place it is not so easy to change
them from it. And one of their favorite selections is the
watering-tank, causing much annoyance to stock, and to
the people taking care of the stock as well. It is also a
great nuisance to have them around the well or cistern
pump. Especially is this the case if there are small chil-
dren in the family.

All this bother may be avoided if we select their drink-
ing place for them, and get them started in the right place
before they have learned to go anywhere else. This is not
difficult to do. A large jar filled with water, with a number
of pieces of wood put into it for the bees to alight upon (if
they are somewhat rotten all the better), is all that is
needed to make a good watering place. If this jar is kept
supplied with water after the bees once get started there
will be no more trouble about their bothering you anvwhere
else. It is a good plan to put a little salt into it otice in a
while. Then it will not be a breeding place for mosquitoes,
and the bees seem to like it better when it is a little salty.

^vs.js,ja,js,ja^jaM

Questions and Answers.

CONDUCTED BY

DR. C O. MLLLER, Slai-easo, HI.

[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers br mail.— Editor. 1

Feeding Honey from a Dead, Mothy Colony.

I am a beginner in bee-keeping. I Imught 2 colonies last October,
but I had to kill one colony on account of having- so many moth in it
when I bought them. I have C store-combs half full of honey, from
the hive of the colony 1 killed. Would it be wise to keep the combs
for a swarm to start with, or would I better give it to the other bees
to empty the comb '. Pennsylvania.

Answer.— The probability is that it will be better to let the col-
ony have the honey (or spring use.

Absconding Colony-Observation Hive-Weak Colony-
Keeping Queens.

1. June 36, 1903, I caught a swarm in the pasturelon a fence-post,
and I hived them in an old box, about 12 inches wide, and 2 feet long,
and 8 inches high. I carried it home, and when I got there I turned
the box upside down and the bees began to work there the same day,
and 8 days after the first day the box was full of combs and some
brood. Then 1 moved them about 2 feet from its old stand, and put a
new dovetailed hive in its place with 8 Hoflfman frames and division-
board; then I took the box and dumped all the bees in front of the
new hive. They began to work there the same day, but the other day
they went to the woods. It was a big swarm of black bees. Why
didn't the bees stay in the new hive as they did in the old box ?

2. I have an observation hive that holds 1 Hoffman frame. I will
put a frame with wired comb foundation in that hive, and hive a little
ewarm in there, about June 26. Do you think they will rear brood and
send out a swarm the same year they are hived ?

3. Whom is Findland uuder ? and what is the nameof their King ?
Who is the King of Norway ''. Who is the King of England ?

4. I had a weak colony of bees this tall, and put 12 pounds of un-
capped honey on top of them, and on top of that a super of maple
leaves. I put the colony in the cellar where the temperature is from
40 to 4.5 degrees. Do you think the bees will winter all right ?

5. How long can I keep a queen before introducing her to a col-
ony, after I receive her by mail ? Where should I keep her ?

Minnesota.
Ansvn'er. — 1. If I understand you, the bees were put in the hive S
days after June 26, and they staid there till " the other day," or about
the first of February, as your letter is dated Feb. 9. The only reason
I can suggest why a colony should desert its hive in the middle of the
winter is that it was a case of starvation, or " a hunger-swarm." But
I have some doubts about your having had weather warm enough for
that, for their has been no day in this region warm enough for bees to

fiy since early in the winter, and it is not generally warmer in Minne-
sota than here. So it is quite possible that I do not understand cor-
rectly, and, if so, please explain more fully and I'll try again.

2. They will rear brood, and they may send out a swarm, but
the chances are against the latter.

3. These questions are outside the scope of this department. Not
kings, but queens, are to be discussed here, and only those queens as
are found inside of such palaces as measure less than two feet in each
direction.

4. Maybe, and maybe not. Getting down to 40 degrees is not so
well as to have it warmer. Make sure the bees are on the honey ; for
a cluster of bees half an inch below the honey, at 40 degrees, would
starve.

.5. I suppose you mean keep her in a cage. She may be kept a
month or less or more, the time varying greatly. She should be kept
somewhere where there will be summer temperature.

Cutting Out Queen-Cells and Swarming.

How would it be to cut out allot the queen-cells but one before
they swarm? Would they swarm more than once then 1

Subscriber.

Answer. — It might make some difference, and it might make
none. A better way is to cut out all cells but one nflt'r they swarm.
If only one is left there will be little danger of any more swarming.

Managing Virgin Queens.

Please tell me how to manage the virgin queens while taking their
wedding-flight. Where a person wants to rear a few for his own use,
say five or six will hatch from a choice queen and they take their
flight in three to Ave days, one could be mated, but how about the
others, and holding and getting them ready to be introduced to dark
colonies, where the entrance-guards are on? Iowa.

Answer. — The only way is to have each virgin queen in a sep-
arate colony or nucleus. If you have several in the same hive, there
will at once be a fight to a finish, at least until all but one are finished.

Testing Honey for Adulterants.

Is there any simple way of finding the presence of glucose or
other adulteration in extracted honey? "A B C of Bee-Culture"
has a simple test for wax. There is a lot of honey on the market, in
this vicinity, sold for pure honey, but some of us are unbelievers, and
would like to test it. Massachusetts.

Answer. — I know of no simple way of being sure whether a
sample of honey is pure. One of the German bee-journals has for
some time had a standing oiler of I think not less than S200 for a
simple test that could be relied upon, but no one has secured the prize.

Transferring Bees firound-Cork for Winter-Packing—
Observation Hive— Bee-Literature.

I am very much of an amateur at bee-keeping, 16 years old, hav-
ing purchased my first colony only last fall, but I intend to go into
the business more extensively as soon as possible. «

1. My colony is in an odd-sized frame hive, and I wish to transfer
to a 10-frame hive in the spring. Would it work if I were to get the
queen and most of the bees into the new hive on full sheets of founda-
tion, put a queen-excluding zinc between, and put the old hive above
the new one 1 Would the bees take the honey below, or would the
queen fill the cells as fast as made. ?

2. How does ground-cork rank'as a winter-packing material ?

3. Do the sides of an observation hive have to be covered with
some opaque substance, or will the bees allow the light to penetrate
their domicile at all times J

4. I have my hive facing the east. Would the bees do better in
the summer if facing the south ?

5. I have as reference bee-book " The Honey-Bee," put out by the
Department of Agriculture, which seems to cover thoroughly all the
essential points. Farmers Bulletin No. 59 on " Bee-Keeping" may be
had for the asking, and is worth having. The larger book costs only
15 cents.

6. In Chamber's Encylopiedia I see this statement: "The best and
newest honey is a clear Huid contained in a white comb, while older
honey is of a yellowish and even reddish tint." Does honey in white
comb change color with time ? Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. Yes, it will work all right, only you must wait till
the old hive is pretty well filled, perhaps about the time white clover
is first in bloom. It matters little whether you get any bees below, if
you get the queen there the bees will take care of themselves. Still,
it may be a little better to have a fair force with the queen from the
start. It is not likely that any honey will be carried down. It will
rather be carried up, and as fast as cells are emptied in the upper hive
by the hatching bees they will be filled with honey. t

2. One of the very best, it not the best.

3. It is usual to keep the hive darkened when not under observa-
tion, but not absolutely necessary. Perhaps the bees will daub more
propolis on the glass if the light be continuous.

March 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

169

1. When you ^'et a si-foiui uolony you can try it and see. I doubt
it you will tind any Uillerunce.

S. As I looli out of my window just now, I see the ground covfred
with snow. It I were to say that all points in Illinois were eovcred
with snow, you would be likely to tell me that I must not conclude
that, just because there is snow as far as I can see. Just so as to all
the essential points of bee-keeping. The works you mention arc ex-
cellent as far as they go, but as you journey farther in the realm of
bee-keeping you will lind many points not covered by them, soini; of
these points being essential to the best success in bee-keeping. I
think I will be doing you a favor to advise you before your apiary at-
tains very large proportions to secure one or more of the excellent
text-books that cover the ground more fully.

0. Between you and me, " Cieorge," that doesn't sound as if that
cyclopedia knew much about honey. Comb changes it color with
time, if left in the hive, but when the honey Is kept in good condition,
either in or out of the hive, it remains of the same' color. There is
honey that is " of a yellowish and even reddish tint," but it has that
tint when tirst gathered by the bees.

One who at 16 writes so neat a letter is likely to make a successful
bee-keeper, for neatness is one of the most important things in bee-
keeping.

Ca.s;lng a Virgin Queen— Bees Died In Hive.

1. How can a virgin queen be caged and held before being mated i

2. I have IS colonies, packed and well protected oui-of-doois, but
I just left the supers on the same as in summer. Now I notice ."> colo-
nies are dead; they had enough honey to have lasted them until
spring. They are in clusters between the frames and combs, just the
same as though they had frozen to death. I began to rake the dead
ones out with a stick, but the odor was so bad I could hardly work
with them. Is it possible it is dysentery * 1 am sure I do not under-
stand it, although it have worked with bees for 1.5 years.

Illinois.

AsswEKS.— 1. Perhaps from one to three weeks. But it is better
to have the time just as short as possible. Caging doesn't do a virgin
queen any good.

2. Yes, it is very possible dysentery or diarrhea is present, although
it is barely possible that the honey is up in the super where the bees
couldn't reach it, and so they starved to death. But in that case it
hardly seems the odor should be so Jaad.

Taking a Colony Out of a Tree-Foul Brood.

1. 1 have found a colony of bees in a tree, about l.'j feet high.
What is the best way to get them out of the tree without hurting the
bees f

3. Can I take the bees out of the tree in February ? If not, when
is the best time ?

3. How can I tell when a colony of bees has foul brood ?

Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. When it is warm enough for bees to fly you can fell
the tree and then split it open, providing the fall does not split it.
Better still, if you are willing to take the trouble, and conditions are
favorable, cut off the tree just below where the bees are and let it
down with a rope. Perhaps you can first cut off the tree above where
you think the bees are, making it easier to let down.

2. It you fell the tree, belter wait till it is warjn enough for the
bees to tly. If you cut or saw it off, letting it down carefully, you can
do that in February; and if cut above and below the bees you may be
able to haul the section of the tree with the bees to your home, setting
it up as a hive to await warmer weather before getting the bees out.

3. You can tell by examining the brood to see whether you find
present the symptoms described in your text-book.

Getting Bees from a Roof— Hoffman Frames— Increas-
ing Fast— 10-Frame Hive.

1. I have a colony of bees in the roof of a house. How can I hive
them in a frame hive without taking up the roof !

2. What time would be the best to transfer them ?

3. How would you winter bees on the summer stands ?

4. Are the self-spacing Hoffman brood-frames the best ?
b. What is the best way to increase bees fast ?

6. How would the 10-frame dovetail hive be for comb honey ;

Illinois.

Answers — 1. That depends altogether upon the circumstances.
It is possible that there is no feasible way without taking up the roof.
It is possible that you can get at them from inside without the least
difliculty. If so, give them enough smoke so you can cut out the
combs, then fasten these in frames, get the bees on them, making .-^ure
that you have the queen, then, when .you've got all the bees, close the
hole or holes through which they have been entering, so that not a
single bee can enter.

2. Probably it would be well to do so as soon as the weather is
warm enough for them to tly nearly every day.

3. Study up carefully all that is said on the subject in your text-
book, and then adopt the measures that seem best suited to your con-
ditions. It anything in the text-book is not entirely clear, ask nil the
questions you like in this department. As you are only a little tiorth
of latitude 41 degrees in Illinois, it is possible that bees would winter
with very little protection of auy kind, only so that there be some-
thing to prevent the wind froui blowing directly into the entrance.

4. If bee-glue is not troublesome where you are you will find them
excellent. If glue is plenty, thi-y are bad.

2. There area great many dillerent ways of artificial increase, and
what is best for one is not always best for another. It vou are experi-
enced sufliciently you will find the nucleus plan good. It would be
out of place to give a full treatise on artlflcial increase in this depart-
ment, and you will do well to study up the principles in your text-
book. Vou will fiud the subject tjuite fully treated in the book
•' Forty Years Among the Bees."

G. For many it is excellent. Some like a still larger hive, but in
that case they use for part of the year two stories of Sframe hives.

Question on Queen-Rearing.

On page 700 (li)U2), Mr. Bartz has an article on queen-rearing.
What is his object in using an excluder under the whole hive instead
of an entrance-guard or queen-trapi Missouri.

Answer. — I don't know what his object is, but tlie plan is good.
It may be that he does it because the bees will have greater freedom
than merely to have the entrance closed with excluder-zinc. Of
course, the mere closing of the entrance with the zinc would prevent
the issuing of the queen just as well, but it would give a better chance
tor air to have the excluder the full size of the hive and the entrance
under it, especially it there is a deep bottom-board; and it would
allow still better ventilation to have both hive and excluder raised an
inch or so by a block under each of the four corners.

While you ought to secure excellent queens by the plan pro-
posed, you must not be disappointed if in some cases the bees be-
come dissatisfied with the queen for the continued failure to swarm,
thus causing the loss of the queen. Neither should you expect to
have queens as prolific as those mentioned by Mr. Bartz. Indeed, I
think there must be some mistake it he means that each of his queens
keeps 40 or .50 Langstroth frames filled with brood.

Pollen in Sections of Comb Honey.

1. What is the very best plan for a comb-honey producer to prac-
tice in Older to keep pollen out of the sections'

2. Is it caused by hiving swarms on starters only ? If so, what
can we do to prevent iti I had quite a lot of very nice sections ruined
with it the past season. Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I don't have very shallow brood-frames. Any-
thing that tends to have the queen lay in the sections encourages pol-
len there, so queen-excluders are good to keep pollen out. But you
don't need queen-excluders. I don't use them, and perhaps not one
section in a thousand has pollen in it. Have thick top-bars, and fill
the sections/"// ot foundation. The thick top-bars make the queen
less likely to go up. If you have only small starters in sections, the
bees will build the drone-comb in them, and then the queen will go up
to lay in the drone-comb, and pollen will follow.

2. Y'es, if you hive a swarm on small starters and give it the
supers with sections well>inder way, the queen will be quite likely to
go up in the supers. And she is likely to do the same thing if your
brood-frames are filled with foundation. Either use a queen-excluder,
or else don't give the supers till the bees have made a start in the
brood-chamber and the queen has begun to lay there.

Weight of a Colony Honey Candyin? in Dtifinished
Sections— Taking Bees from Cellar.

1. How much is the dovetailed hive — honey, comb, bees, etc. —
supposed to weigh just before putting them into the cellar ?

2.. Is there any danger of the honey candying in unfinished sec-
tions before time for use next spring i

3. Is there any danger of the moth-millers getting in them? I
have them in the supers all ready for use, stacked up in the honey-
house. If so, what shall I do to prevent it;

4. When is the proper time to take bees out of the cellar here in
Wisconsin i f

5. How far apart is it best to have bees on the summer stands !
and how far up from the ground!

6. What do you think of this locality (Polk Co. I for keeping
bees* Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I want my 8-frame hives to weigh at least 50
pounds. Ten-frame hives ought to weigh 10 pounds more.

2. Y'es, you may safely count that every one will candy.

3. There is no danger of their making a start at this time of year,
and it they are where they will freeze, that will kill not only the
moths and the larva', but the eggs as well.

4. About the time red or soft maples are in bloom is a favorite
time, providing the weather seems warm enough at that time.

5. Raise them 3 inches or more above the ground, and set them IV
feet apart from center to center each way, providing you have abun-
dance of room. If room is scarce set them in pairs, the two hives of
each pair almost touching each other, and leave a space of about 3
feet between the pairs, having the rows (> feet apart or more. If yo u
want to economize room still more, set the hives in pairs iu a row as
already mentioned, and then set another row close beside it, letting
the hives of the two rows stand back to back.

6. I don't know anything about your particular locality, but Wis-
consin, in general, is a good State for bee-keeping.

$1,500.00 FREE ^^^ $350.00

in' GRAND PRIZES L«LLi=J= S C H I L L E R PIANOS

IF YOU CAN COUNT AND PLAN YOU CAN WIN!

3 = 0)

"" s a o

o re ,2

o s « A

SUCCESSFUL FARMING

Each
dot; niiy

iintftl. Therp are

One of the best 32-page illustrated farm papers pul)lished, will give to those who count the dots in the aliove dia-
gram correctly or nearest correctly, or in case of tie su;/gest best plan, TWO S350.OO PIANOS AND $800.00 IN
CASH. Read otier carefully. Greatest offer ever made! You may lose SSOO by not entering contest,

Two $350.00 Schllter Pianos as first prizes— one to a lady and one to a gentleman; second prize, $200.00 in cosh; third prize,

$100.00; fourth, $50.00; fifth, $25.00; next, $10.00; next, $5.00; the next twenty-five, $:i.00 each; next thirty-five, $1.00 each;

two special prizes of $150 each (see below). Surely out of this Immense list you con win. If you can count and plan you can.

AWARDS WILL BE MADE AS FOLLOWS: The person giving correct or coming nearest the correct ntimher, gets first prize, next nen''sst

sei-()uii prize, und so on iluwn tile list. The Pianos will be nwanicd to those who count correct or nearest correct— one to a lady, the other tO

a 1,'eiitleman. If there should be 11 tie in 1 lie count for any prize it will be awarded to the one of tho.'ie tying who suggests best plan of counting

the dots. It is likely the I'ersun giviu^ nearest the correct count will win as it l3 no easy matter to count these dots.

GRAND SPECIAL PRIZES— To the gentleman and lady winning the Pianos will be given an Extra Cash Prize of $150.00 Each if they
ha\ e three :i'h ;inr.' suiiMiiption counts entered. That is have ()aid two years in advance to auccessfiil I'^arming if 1.00 for the two years. If
you win the jiiano !ind have paid one year at 50 cents the judges will give you the piano only. If you win the piano ami have two years
paid you get $150.00 extra. It will pay all to have the three advance couiits.

CONDITIONS— The contest is open to all. Fifty cents pays for one full year's subscriptions to Successful Farming, and entitles you to
one ruimt; jl.uo pays for two years and entitles you to three counts and makes you eligible for the grand $150 Special Prizes.

TWO ELEGANT $350.00 SCHILLER PIANOS FREE. These are fine prizes and in order to give ladies and gentlemen each an equal oppor-
tunity, ttue will go to a lady and one to a gentleman. Mark your subscription blank below stating whether you wish to enter "ladies' contest*'
or "gentleman's contest." Two dlfl'erent members of a family may cmiipete, one in the ladies' and the other in the gentleman's contest, if
they wish. Fifty cents pays for one year's subscription toSuccessful Farming and entitles you to one count, or SI. 00 paysfor two years and en-
titles you to three C(Mmts. and by taking one on each side of what you think is the correct number you jire more likely to win and besides if you win
you <j' t t}ic<jrand special prizes o/$150 each which you do not get if you onfy have one year paid in advance. See above regard to special prizes.

Plense Note-There

'She Won n PinnoFor «1.00.

"You may say to all the world,! rei 1 1\
my inano, an elesant Schiller I n- \
iteard of you until I answered vour ad

in Iowa '

A f'iieolt For '81.50.

*li I am BO ulad Just received \
rkrnrjl.O Itpro\esto iiie that

iiH

rh -E M Hall. Mniitrnse Mo
1 and (In/ens who li ive won hi
U18 toarij hod> wiitin^i for thtij

\cles, watches

Piibiislier SITCCESSFUL F.VRSIING, Manhattnn Bills., Des Moines, la.

I encloses for subscription to SlIC(^E.SSFlIIi FAK.»IIN(; and I wish

to enter the :. (write ladies' or gents') Dot Contest. (If 51.00 in paid send three

iciiiit^: il M..ii-p tlianJl.OO. send one additional count for each !;0coverlS1.00;ifonly.'iUclspio(i
MPii.l 1 IN l,y ONE count. The $150.00 special prizes go only to those having THREE or more

'uy t'onnt isi (1) (2) ;. (3)

Name.-- _.-

(Have paper addressed to head of tlie family)

no element of chance, of
gneas work or lotterv about this. It is a lest of skill
pure and simple. If you ci.n count the dots correctly
yoa can win. The number of prizes is so large yon are
I'diind to hit it somewhere.

State Treasurer Gilbertson, Maror Brenton

and a Banitrr, The> M III Select,

to \ward Premiums

To Whom It May Concern \\ekiiow the puhlish-

..d thai tht

III

\hiic
they

nt fail h , siiou ii
, i1iilit\ 111' hii\ I ii^lv' d iiMto n( t asjiidgestuawiird
1 . p ^ nil i \ I will ^ idU at t m that caparit\ —
. -~ (.11, 11-, 111 Irms ^t.ite of Iowa, and J M.
Jreiitun Ma>,ir of Des Moines,

Nohodv connected with our paper Is allowed to roni-
irtp Surely with such judges all iiiav he a-*sured lair
reatment. You are as likely to w in ii-., nin one

Key to l)ot«

Bppartite sheet of paper' s, i
5 0ur name and P O an.i i
pensea, we will at close of ,
dots showing lust how no n
ant should order one but it
wish one. No key will he '^i
Contest closes April 30 1 «

Id Mm

to the
iiiiteBt

"litest.

, th,

SUCCESSFUL FARMING,

Manhattan Bldg, DES MOINES, IOWA

March 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

171

WtiaiyonyonsonTliJnks

Vel. ay vent to Cbicago to da Riate Chicago
an nortvestei-n bee-keepers' meeting, an ay
Ijad plenty good time. All you bee mans vot
dident go you mist it plenty bad. An it you
don't go next time you vil hit it da same vay
veryou mist it dis time.

My goodness, ay fine out lots 'bout bees, ao
how to nial< doiii lay plenty hunny. An ay
see lots of big bee-mans, but dom don't look
so very big, an' dom don't seems to feel so
very big. but dom iss plenty smart. An little
bee-keepers lak Yon Ifonson can yustsitstil
an' leru more as nobody elst. Da Nortvestern
bee-keepers assoceating iss some plenty good
ting, an if you give Mr. Moore, da man vat du
da riting, von dollar, he yoin you in to deirs
lodge, an da N. B. K. A., bote on da same
time, so po das vay ve can kill 2 burds vid a
von dollar bill.

It vas awful nice gurl at da convention;
som rite lak sixty, an she rite down all vat
dom sed, so Mr. New York print it in Merican
bee-paper.

Y^on Y'onson never bin to Chicago before, so
after da eonvensbul vas over, ay tank mebby
it iss better ay look around. So ay vent to
stock show an' seen da hogs, cows, horses, an
so on, an dom vas plenty nice. So ay go to
da bord of trade, ver you know dom hay so
many bulls an bears. Ay dont can understan'
how dom can keep so many cattels an bears
togedder, but mebby its 'cause it iss dillerent
locality; but, mine goodeness, ay vas too late,
for dom yust sed amen. Ay look roun, but ay
don't did see any cattels or bears, but ay herd
feller vat sed soaie ting 'bout vattered stock,
so ay tank mebby dom drove dom catties to
da lake to drink, or mebby dom bears ete
dom catties all up.

So, befor ay go home ay tank mebby its bet-
ter ay buy som leetel present for Mrs. Ton
Y'onson, so ay go into plenty big store an ay
git some present, kine a cheep, of eours. Da
klurk he akt awful nice an friendly, an vont
Y'on Yonson to buy hole pile ma flumy tixens,
but dom don't kin fool Svede man po das vay.

Vel, ay don't got null change, so ay give
him ten dollar bill, an he rite on a pece of
paper, an he put my ten dollars in a little
basket vat hang on a vire. An my for da
good land, dat basket took crasy streak an
yust run avay ma hole ting. "My goode-
ness," ay say, " You don't goan to play no
Y'ank trick on Yon Yonson,'" ay say. So ay
lit out holly hooping after da basket, "Hold
on da," klurk say.

" Yes, you bet ay hold on to my ten dollars,
if ay ketch das basket," ay say.

Da store vas ful mavimens, but dom cleared
da track ven dom see me after das basket.
But dom don't got more sens dan to laff. But
purty soon ay run rite over tree vimens, an ay
fall down an bump my nose in da floor. My
goodeness, da yust hurt lak forty biases; an
ven ay git up an pull my nose bak in shape
ay don't kin see da basket. But von grate,
big man feller he tak holt of me, an he say :
" My, goodeness, hay-seed seems to he goan

PRAVING

line of sprayers ana applt
8 flta every man's needg,

I Hand.Krvapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power

nty styles, nestncizzii-i

Please mention Bee Journal -wliea •»n-itiTi e

HIGGIN'SVILLE BEE-SUPPl^IhS.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These ^oods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Pkcgkessive Bee-
Keepek, price so cents per year. Send your
ordeis aod subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.

WALKER-BREWSTER i.RO, CO.,

423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO.

Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalog free.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, IVis., t. S. A.

BBjB-ICB1BFER<S' STJFFI-iIHjS.

1903 Catalog Ready.— If vou have not received a copy annually, send us your name
and addre.'is, and one will be mailed vou FREE.

SPECIAL OFFERS.— On all cash orders received before April 1, 1903, we allow a dis-
count of Z percent.

To parties seintiiig us an order for Supplies amounting to $10.00 or more, at reijular prices,
we will make the following low rates on journals: Gleanings in Bee Culture (semi-monthly) 50c;
American Bee Journal (weekly) 7oc. List of Agencies mailed on applicaiion.
Please mention Bee Journal when wrltlnp-

GOODSEEDS

25cXr'|25cS'fui

Both 25c Colls, for 40i: both 50c Colls.for 75

UluBtreled catalDit &D.i cultxire book fffo with eaob

MISSOURI VALLEY SEED CO

P.O.Box 557, 'Tft^ (JoodSwd^tora." St. Joseph, Mo.

For Sale.

200 Colonies Bees, in good condition, in 10-fr.
Simpl city Hiv.s, at J,l 00 a colony. For 50 or
more, write for special price,

W. J. RAMSDEN.
10A3t R.R. No. is, Forest Lake, Minn.
Pleaiie mention Bee Journal "wlicin ■writing.

"How to Make Money with Poultry »nd Incu-
bators" is tlie title of the new 1'H13 I'oultrynian's
Guide and CataloB 1 1% pacesi of the Cyphers Incu-
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views of the largest and most successful poultry
plants in the United States. England. Germany.
New Zealand and South America, and contains
twelve special chapters, each written by an expert.
treating of protitable poultry keeping in all its
branches, as follows: Starting
with Incubators. Handling Chicks
in Brooder, Feeding Chicks, Duck
Producing on Large Scale. Broiler
Raising. Profitable Eeg-Farming.
Egg and Poultry Combination.
Egg and Fruit Farming. Scratching-
Shed House Plans. Incubator Cel-
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Feeding for Eggs, Standard-Bred Poultry. Most
valuable book of the kind ever issued. Write to-day
for free copy, asking for book No. 50, Sixty pages
devoted to illustrated description of Cyphers Non-
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Foods and Clover Products.
Viease mention isae Joiimai ■w>.en ■wriunfe

Muth's Special the Best

A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with yi Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

Jt^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog,

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Front & Walnut Sts,, CINCINNATI,'0HIO.

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
nd Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Dittmer's Fonndation !

BeesMax

Retail
the thinnest base,

other make. , „., ._ ^ -_•„

Working Max into Foundation lor Cash a Specialty
always wanted at liigliest price. r.Dr.t:- , *

Catalog irivine FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

^^ GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

Please mention Bee Journal -when •writin? _^_^

FOR THE BEST

HIVES. S-WOMERS, EXXRACTORS, FOIJNMAXIO.^

. .. .AND ALI

KKE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

Please Mention the Bee Journal lJ^?rS??S.

172

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

BEQ!

The Best Buggy Bargain

Youe

saw in your life —

Split Hickory
Jlummer.

We will sell yoathis Pennine Split Hickorr,

will sell yoathis rename epiit WicKorr, i
full rubber-ton Buggy for £35.00 and I
BendittoyououSadaya FREETRIAL that I
you may hitch to it and use it enough to fully I
satisfy yourself that you have aspendid bar- I

Siin, and that every claim we make is true. I
n top of this free offer we give you a two \
years guarantee. We have an immense fac-
tory turniuK out thousands of jobs yearly, all
of which we sell direct from our factory to
user, is the reason we make this truly won-
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This buggy is made of selected second |
prowth split hickory— split, not sawed— and is
a thoroughly high grade vehicle at a low price.
It has heel braces on shafts, good carpet,
full rubber top, solid panel spring back, V4-in.
round edge steel tired wheels, boot on back of I
bo'ly, high leather dash, storm apron, side'
curtains, open hearth, oil tempered springs,
Norway iron bolts and forgings, and many
other points of merit. It is handsome and
durable, and you can have your choice of oil |
and lead paint in colors.

NOT a cheap thing aboat the job except the _
price. Send at once for our V28 page. 19u3 |
Catalogue, which gives descriptions and prices
of our complete line of vehicles and harness.
It is FREE. I

OHIO C\RKIAGE MFG. CO.

Station 8 C'inctnnutl, O.

^ease mention Bee Journal "wiien writing.

Please mention Bee Jouruaj

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalog — it's free.
3A13t R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wis.

CYPHERS INCVBATOR. COMPANY.

Biilralo,N.I. thicago,IU. Uonlon.JUau. New York, N.Y.

fleaso mentjnu iriee journal ■whtju wrriuiui

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbing- agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M, HUNT & SON,

lOAlVt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

m WANT WORKERS

Buys, Girls, old and young n-Uk«,
I make money working for ub.
We fnrnbth capit&I tOBtartyoa in bofll-
aess. SeadoB 10c stampR or slWer for full tiintructloDS and a Imeot

■implestowotkwuu. DRAPER PUBLISHING CCCWcagoJU.

flease Tuention Bee Journal -when wiitme^

HIGGINSVILLK BKE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keeper, price, so cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free. Ronnd Rock, Tex.

BOYS

down,'" lie say. "Ay don't vont any hay-
seed," ay saj', " but ay von't das crasy basket
vot run oil vid my ten dollars," ay say.

" Ton cum along ina me," he say. An he
tak me bak, an der vas da basket au my
change. My goodeness, ay don't kin see vy
fore da basket tak sueh crasy spells an run all
over da store, po das vay, so ay say good by,
cans I don't care to stay long ver even da
furniture git crasy spells. Da klurk he mak
big smile, an he say, "Com bak agin, Unkel
George." " AU rite," ay say, " but if you
don't voch out dat basket mebby run avay da
store an hole shuting match," ay say. "I'll
keep an eye on da basket, Unkle George," he
say. " My name bean Yon Yonson, an ay
don't bean yours Unkel George," ay say.
"But you iss a plenty nice feller, but if I
bean so smart sun you, ay vont bean here nor
no place elst," ay say.

But, my goodeness, da bean lots ma peoples
in Chicago, an every body on da street seems
to be in plenty awful big hurry. An' dom
yust go on da trot lak da vas f raid some von
vas after dom ma sharp stick, an' dom don't
say " how de du " to nobody. An' by da
depo dom mans stan aroun ma nice buggies
an vont Yon Yonson to ride. An in da depo
it vas plenty sine vat say, " Bevare of confi-
dence men," cause in Chicago lection alvays
go big majority forconfidence, so ven ay start
to go up town it vas awful nice feler, som
say, " I vil carry yours grip, Unkle Rube,''
he say. But in his eyes da confidence yust
stick out lak Philadelphia, so ay say, " I gess
nit." "I show you da town," he say. "My
goodness, do you tank ay vas bline ?" ay say.
" Don't I can see da town '. Ay don't yust
com off from white clover paster, an da grass
don't grow fast nuf under my feet to go to
seed," ay say..

So he yust laff, an he mak goo^goo eyes at
nodder von feller, an' go on an ten to his bis-
ness. But ay had good luck and got hom all
rite. YoN YoNSOX.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Good Season for Honey.

We had a very good honey season in 1903.
I had 0 colonies in the spring, increased 6,
and caught one extra. 1 got 750 pounds of
surplus honey, and sold the most of it for
131.2 cents per pound, only keeping what I
wanted for my own use.

Mks. Ben Ferguson.

Ford Co., Kans., Jan. 19.

Cleaning Out Unfinished Sections.

What Miss Wilson says, on page 41, about
cleaning unfinished sections, affords uie an
opportunity to say a few more words on that
subject.

Last fall I had more than 1000 sections
cleaned by the plan given on page 78 (1903).
There is no kink about it. The essentials to
a reasonable, if not absolute, success are:

1. To begin the work early in the fall.

3. To be sure to have a piece of burlap or
other loose-woven cloth between super and
brood-chamber, so that there shall be left
only a small space above the brood-frames
uncovered.

3. That the uncapping of the sealed honey
be not delayed until the weather becomes so
cool that the bees are compelled to stay in the
brood-chamber a large part of the time.

I can see no advantage, but rather some
disadvantage, in placing an empty hive-body
between brood-chamber and super.

Although I was very successful in getting
sections cleaned out in the way I have re-
lated, yet, in some instances, when a super
full of sections seemed to be more than the
colony needed, I would take out a part of the
unsealed ones and place them, about sunset,
at the entrance of the hive of some other col-
ony that needed feeding. Doing this on

¥B pay.

Counting Chicks Before^-Katclilngl

is not safe unless you fe^-jj^^^ "~^
have an pi=^T:irt2^k^

ROUND
INCUBATOR

K. (.'. Bauerroinster, Norwood, Minn., goti93chick8
trom E.03 ept's. He followed direcCioDS. the ma-
chine did the work, because it was buUt on right

or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect.
Our free book gives more testimonialB aud full
particulars. Everythinfij about incubation free.

IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANr. BOX 198,DES MOINES, IOWA

Please mention the Bee Journal.

CREEi

■ vewill send our.
■theCiani Red. 1

.„. ,,. ... itamps and the
bors who are actual seed buye
and packet of

SEED

^the Giant Red, Madam Perrol PANSY

if vou write before March loth. Address.

COLE'S SEED STORE, Pella, Iowa.
5U4t Please meutiou the Bee Journal. '

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

And How to Qrow Them.

The best book on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells how to grow the biggest
crops of big berries ever produced. The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants bear Big Berries
and Lots of Them. The only thorough-
bred scientifically-grown Strawberry
Plants to be had for spring planting. One
of them is worth a dozen common scrub
plants. They grow BIG UED BERRIES,
The book is sent free to all readers of the
American Bee Journal. Send your address to

R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.

3D6t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES

Jtl.OUono of our full-riBfOil T..p
Bugjjies. Oil tempererl springs; fi '""' '
worth double the price. We i
harncM too. Write for Catalog ^
and liberal agency plan.

ECOXOMY BrGGY CO.,
Uo-V A 5:i CillC'liinutl, Ullio.

'iDdt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Say, all Bee-Keepers,

One Question, Please.

If you were offered a hive that would save you
one-half of your time and labor in its manipula-
tions; one that would save you more than f 1.00
in costs of extras; or a double-wall hive (or the
price of a single-wall hive, would vou not inves-
tigate its claims or merits/ The 20th CEN-
TURY IDEAL does all the above. Then why
not be on time and send for circulars today?
See The Revikv\- for February, pages 48 (ex-
cuse errors on that page and bu. Also (iLE.iN-
INGS, paires 72 aud Ui4 Book and hive are two
of the grandest " hits " of the age. Order book
NOW. Price, 25 cents; and your money back
if you are not satisfied.

T K. MASSIE,

llD2t Tol'HET, SIMMEKSCO., W. V.\.

Please inen'ioo Hft ;— iTja: wn»n -arrtfr'.it

Don't Pay Double.

Please raeatiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

March 12, 1903.

THE AMERIC. , BEE JOURNAL.

173

Headquarters FO" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freigfht rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction g-uaranteed. L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

^''©-SVayHa^^*

To Many
Points in
the State of

California

To Many
Points in

Oregon and
sTTo^- Washington
EVERY DAY

The Union Pacific will sell One-way
Colonist Tickets at the following rates

FROM MISSOURI RIVER TERMINALS

Tickets on Sale

,1903

$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Angeles / ^''"p'j'/'Js
and many other California points. [ to June 15, i
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City. \
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena. I
$22.50 to Spokane &Wanatchee, Wash.f yj^i^gj^ „„
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New • Sale Feb. 15
Whatcom, via Huntington & Spokane./ '<> AP' •' 30-
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma & Seattle.v'^""
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene,!
Albany and Salem, via Portland. /

From Chicago and St. Louis Proportionately Low Rates are in effect by Lines
Connecting with the Union Pacific to all Above Points
E. L. LOMAX, G. P. & T. A.,

OMAHA, NEB.

larshfleld MannfactnriBg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t

Please mention Bee Journal ■when "writma.

HIG(;INSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We hare received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon. These g-oods
are equal to if not the best on the market. Give
us a trial order. We are also agents for the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

I (^.80 For

200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in constnirtion mil

aMloii. Hatches ewrv I'irii

egg. Write for catalog to- iiL.

GEO. H. STAHL, 0"incy, III.

46A26t

Please

ention the B

Please Mention the Bee Journal ^'"" ^*'"^

warm evenin^rs tlie bees would clean them
out during llio tiiifht, or so early in the morn-
ing that no atteni|il8 were made at robbing:.

If Miss Wilson has had such poor success
after trjin;; everythiu(f that I su^rgested, I
own that I do not understand the reason
why, and asl; her to review her procedure and
see if sotnethiiiff was not omitted.

Piling up supers of unlinished sections to be
robbed out by the bees of the whole yard is
too wasteful a method to be practiced. Rather
than give a large share of the honey to the
colonies not needing it, I would put the
honey on all the needy ones, and then if any
sections remained uncleaned near the close of
the season, I would pile these up and let the
bees have access to them.

Mr. Hasty's answer to "Beginner" is
rather discouraging. I wonder whether Mr.
Hasty leaves the sections on the needy colo-
nies and then does nothing else. I did so
once, but not any more. If the sections are
not isolated from the brood-chamt)er. anti the
sealed honey not uncapped, and this work
not done while the weather is yet warm, it is
likely you will not get many sections cleaned
out. Edwin Bevims.

Decatur Co., Iowa.

Wintered Well So Far.

Bees have wintered well so far, and have
commenced to rear brood.

I can not get along without the American
Bee Journal. A. W. Atkersos.

.Jasper Co., Mo., Feb. 1.3.

Propolisln for Piles.

I will attempt to tell "Minnesota" (page
SKI) how to make propolisln :

Take propolis and olive oil enough to make
it soft when mixed. Put into a vessel and
heat slowly until the propolis is melted, then
strain through a cloth and let cool. I sup
pose about a measures of oil to 1 of propolis
would be about right; it too hard, add more
oil. I got the recipe in Gleanings; I do not
remember the page or date. Mrs. Rousseau
has made some and used castor-oil. This is
the best remedy for piles! ever knew any-
thing about. Made with castor-oil it seems
to be especially adapted for the cure of this
disease. The way to use it is to cleanse the
parts thoroughly with water warmed, then
insert a lump at bedtime, and again in the
morning, L. C. Rousseau.

Ellis Co., Tex., Feb. 11.

Adrertisers***'

Fears Short Stores.

Last spring I bought 19 colonies of bees.
They increased to 42 in spite of me, and gave
me .590 pounds of comb honey. Two colonies
starved, and another was eaten up by millers.
I am afraid some of my bees went into win-
ter quarters short of stores.

Polk Co., Wis., Feb. 2. V. A. Hanson.

Appear to Winter All Right.

I have been in the bee-business for the last
.")0 years, and now have more than 40 colonies.
They did fairly well last winter. I winter
them on the summer stands. To all appear-
ances they are wintering all right. I am 74
years old. Riley Sanforh.

Wayne Co., N. V., Feb. Ifi.

Dr. Gallup's Queen-Rearing Con-
troversy.

I have been a bee-keeper for seven years,
and read with delight Dr. (iallup's articles on
rearing long-lived queens; also the counter
articles of the lireeders whom he has touched
on the raw. The Doctor has set the ball in
motion, and it will not stop rolling until his
" unbilical cord" theory is proved or dis-
proved. My sponsor is a bee-keeper of 3"
years' experience, and be claims, of the hun-
dreds of queens purchased, he has never re-
ceived a queen, reared by any method or
breeder, that has lived more than one year.
Is this unusual mortality caused by rearing
from worker-IarviB, or is it the sudden stop-
page from laying, and consequent injury

174

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

from transmission through the mails J Let
the breeders aud laymen ventilate this ques-
tion thoroughly. In the meantime, go on Dr.
Gallup ; if you are wronfr you have performed
a genuine service in opening this question;
if you are right in j'our theory, you have been
an incalculable benefit to bee-keeping pos-
terity. Norton Wagner.
L Lackawanna Co., Pa., Jan. 3L

Best Flight in Two Months.

The bees are having a Hight to-day, the first
good flight for two months. They seem to
be all right so far. J. F. Michael.

Randolph Co., Ind., Feb. 2.

Oregon and Washington for Bee-
Keeplng.

I notice on page 5S the above heading. I
do not think there is any one man that can
answer that question. Washington alone
differs a great deal. It is a big State. While
the eastern part of Washington is dry the
western part, or coast, is extremely damp;
they have lots of rain, but little or no snow.
The bees can generally Hy all winter. Blos-
soms are in abundance, but weather in which
to gather honey is scarce. The bees gen-
erally begin to gather pollen the last days of
February and the first days of March ; but
usually after that there comes a setback of
rain which lasts sometimes until July, with
but little good dry weather. Of course, there
is some good weather, but the last tour or
five years have been remarkably wet.

Of blossoms here that give honey we have
the salmonberry, thimbleberry, huckleberry,
blueberry, blackberry or black caps; white,
red, and yellow clover, dandelion and fire-
weed. And the trees that give honey are the
vine-maple, crab-apple, barberry, soft maple,
and a whole lot of others too numerous to
recollect; besides fruit-trees and small fruit
such as raspberry, strawberry, and blackberry.
Cultivated berries do well here. It is rainest
near the coast, and diminishes as you go
farther inland. The honey gathered, with or
without water, is a good deal better than
California honey ; and I have sold my hone\.
put up in one-half gallon jars, for 60 cents per
jar. This is all the information I can give
about Washington, and it is also true of
Oregon.

We live close to Columbia, and when we
go to town we cross the river at Astoria,
Oreg. A map will show this is Wahkiakum
Co., Wash., while Astoria is in Clatsop Co.,
Oreg.

We have the first snow we have had in two
years; it is -1 inches deep. O. K. Rice.

Wahkiakum Co., Wash., Jan. 28.

Feaps Heavy Loss of Bees.

My bees stopped breeding early last fall,
and I fear a heavy loss this winter and spring
On account of the age of the bees and the hard
winter. They are on the summer stands, and
have had but one good, cleansing flight dur-
ing the winter. H. W. Congdon.

Monona Co., Iowa, Feb. 9.

Report for Two Years.

The year 1901 was a little better than the
year before. Spring was a little backward,
the bees built up fine after all, but the honey-
flow was very short; they gave some surplus,
and went into winter quarters In good condi-
tion. My bees came out in the spring of 1902
stronger in bees than they have since I have
had bees, so this leads to great hopes ; but,
dear me, to think we should see the reverse!
It was the worst spring for cold and wet
weather, which seemed to blast all of our
hopes. Our honey-How comes here about the
middle of June, but no honey was coming.
The stores of the bees were on the decline.
Weak colonies were starving and absconding
their hives, leaving the brood. But all at
once a change came the first week in July,
when the honey came, and those colonies that
had built up at that time did fair work, as it
was a good flow all through July, and so this
part of the country got, a good crop of honey

Tennessee dueens.

r).iughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select longf-ton^ued
(Moore's), and Seleci, Straight
S-b.uid Queens. Uredl'A miles
ap.Trt, and mated to select
bees owned with-

iles; Hon

spur

id but tes
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
e-\perience. WARRANTED
(JLIICENS, 75 cents each;
TKSTED, 11. SO each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

lAabt SPRING HILL, TENN.

Ple?'=5e mention Bee Journal "When vrrjling

B

ARGAINS IN SEEDS

nds of VegetaMe and Flower Seeds at 2 cents

MaHed FREE

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet thosi' who work for ua. Cow ketpera always
have money. We start you in business. You make
large profits. Easy work. We furnish cftpltal. Send
lOcenU for full line of satDpleaand i-aiticulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cbicago. Ills.

$^.500.00'" PREMIUMS aaPgl

EAST ST. LOUTS, ILL.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Our east-
ern customers will save considerable freight
by ordering- ftom them. Kind and courteous
treatment, iow prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAHY MFG. CO.,
241S Ernest Ave., AUa Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
CataIo|T Free.

m MONEY IN POULTRY

For the Next 30 Days Only,

we will mail our fine vaiuiible Poultry

Book FKKE. Tells you all about poultry,
how to nmke big money with poultry and
epi:s; cnnlfiins colored plate of fouls in

JOHN BAUSCHER, JR.. Box 94. FREEPORT. ILL.
menuon Bee Journal "wnen ■wntina

B

The People Expect

Thiit £rrt*at care will he taken In the manufacture of

... . taken In the manufactu
Fence, and we are constantly try
Jn;,' to meet their expectations.

PAGEUOVEMViUE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH.
Please mentioii Bee Journal "wixea •WTiting

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best g^oods in the world, and that
our system of dealiu^r with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these thing-s. Write
and g-et our su^ffesiions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders^ALL free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. 5C0TT & CO.,

1004 E. Washinfftou St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM, Parwell, iWich.

r*.nlifrtrnin f H yon care to know of iti
WdlllUrnid I Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copj of Call,
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultnral and Agrlcultnr»l

Eaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weelclj,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Fkancisco, Cal

after all, and the bees were in good condition
for winter. So U)li3 turned out all right, and
I was satisfied.

I can not account for Mr. Doolittle's state-
ment, that bees need no ventilation in the
cellar more than thej' get through the walls.
This is a puzzle to me. I have a tube in mine
Sx7 inches, and it has not been closed one day
all winter to this date. The inner door has
been open nearly two weeks. The tempera-
ture is 44 degrees ; a few mild days it run up
to 48 degrees, and they were roaring. It was
all right to open the other door at night, as it
cooled them down to 3S degrees, and they
were as quiet as could be; they could hardly
be heard, so I do not see what I should do
without ventilation. I believe that without
ventilation my bees would come out and get
lost on the cellar-bottom.

This winter I will make an experiment in
two directions — lirst, in taking them in on
Dee. S and 9, with the mercury 4 and 8 de-
grees below zero; second, with ventilator and
inner door open; at this time they seem to
winter all right, and so I hope for safe win-
tering, and a good honey season for 1903, so
that we may secure a good crop.

C. H. VOIGT.

Keewaune'e Co., Wis., Feb. 5.

Taptarie Acid and Granulation.

On page 78, Mr. C .1. Barber, of Monona
Co., Iowa, wrote: "To prevent extracted
honey from granulating, I put in a Mason
jar a little tartaric acid.'' Will be please let
us know how much that is in two quarts of
honey (by weight or measure) ?

Arthur Schultz.

Dodge Co., Wis., Jan. 3.

One of the Old Bee=KeepeFS.

Mk. Eiiitor: — You have improved the
American Bee Journal almost beyond meas-
ure. When I first took it — must be over 40
years ago when Wagner published it in Phila-
delphia— it was hardly a comparison to what
you have made it to-day.

I venture to say I am the oldest bee-keeper
on your list; I kept bees in Pennsylvania '25
years; came here after the war (1866), bring-
ing bees with me, making it 37 years that I
have been here.

It amuses me sometimes to note how singu-
larly some persons write about their conclu-
sions, as if they knew it all, and, no doubt,
think they do, and may be correct from their
standpoint, or their location ; but, as a whole,
or a combination of circumstances and loca-
tions, they are simply ■' off," and they would
not believe it if the strict truth were told
them. Bui " variety is the spice of life.''

Fairfax Co., Va., Feb. 9. Wii. Urich.

NoPtheastepn Wis. Convention.

The bee-keepers of the Northeastern Wis-
consin Association held their second conven-
tion at the residence of John H. Terens, in
Manitowoc County, Nov. 8, 190i. The meet-
ing was called to order by Pres. Terens at 10
a.m. As the Secretary was absent. Fred
Jachimstal was appointed secretary yjj'o tmi.

Fred Trapp then read a paper on " Winter-
ing'and Ventilation of Bees," which brought
out a good discussion, as all present were
quite interested in the subject. After the dis-
cussion a vote was taken on which is the best
way to winter bees, inside or on the summer
stands. Six were cast for inside wintering,
and S for outside wintering.

A paper was read by C. H. Voigt, on " Pre-
vention of Absconding Swarms.'' After it
had been fully discussed, John Coehems fol-
lowed with " What Hive is Best Adapted to
this Climate ?" He wanted the S-frame Lang-
stroth. After discussing that topic it showed
that the majority were in favor of the 10-
fraiue Langstroth.

John H. Terens then gave a talk on, " Black
or Italian Bees, Which are Better J" He did
not think the Italians gathered any bet-
ter honey than blacks; in his opinion the
blacks would gather just as nice honey as the
Italians, but he was in favor of the Italians,
if for nothing else than their fine dress.

A committee of three was appointed by the

March 12, 1903.

THE AMElsiCAN BEE JOURNAL.

175

president to draft a program for the next
meeting. A cordial invitation is given to
tliose wiio niaj' read this, and tliat live near,
and are interested in bees, to meet with us on
the date given in the program. The State
foul brood inspector, N. E. France, has prom-
ised to be with us. We hope it will be an
interesting meeting.

. A vote of thanks was tendered Pres. Terene
for his kindness in ti.xing up a room in which
to hold our meeting, and oll'ering the same
again, if it was good enough, which offer was
thankfully accepted.

The convention then adjourned to meet
again on the date given in the program.

Fred Jacdimstal, ,S'«-. Pro Tnn.

The following is the program for the semi-
annual convention of the Northeastern Wis-
consin Bee-Keepers' Association, which will
beheld at the residence of J. H. Terens, of
Mishicott, May 12, 1903, opening at 10 a.m.
sharp :

1. Foul Brood— N. E. France.

2. Queen-Rearing, How Can the Most Pro-
litic Queens be Reared J — L. C. Koehler.

5. Spring Dwindling— C. H. Voigt.

4. Which is the Most Profitable Hive for
Wintering ?-J. H. Terens.

.5. Best Way of Marketing Honey — Fred
Trap p.

6. Absconding Swarms — John Cochems.

7. Which is the More Profitable, Comb or
Extracted Honey ?- Fred Jachimstal.

8. Bee-Pasturage — V. Cloupek.

Committee.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

nichlgan. — The Northern Michig-an bee-keep-
ers will hold a convention March 25 and 20, in
Bellaire, Antrim Co., in the Town Hall. Special
rates have been secured for entertainment at
the Ellis Hotel, and also the Bellaire House, at
$1.00 per day. Geo. H. Kikkpatkick.

The Ormas Incubator.— Probably no reasona-
ble priced incubator has a larg-er sale or a
g-realer number of friends than the Ormas, ad-
vertised in this number. This machine is made
of the best material, but biing: made in a small
town where the cost of construction is reduced
to the lowest point, it can be sold at a low price
and yet be made of good material.

The sales double up every year, and now the
known all over the country as a

strictly first-class low-priced raachiae. It may
truly be said of this machine that it is cheap in
nothing but the price.

Mr. Banta has made a study of incubation
and ucderstands what is needed in building
such a machine for the average operator.
It is simple in construction, easy of operat-^on,
and sold on a guarantee as strong as such a
document can be made. The catalog is a really
interesting little book, and poultiymen should
have it for reference. Send for it. Address
L. A. Banta, Ligouier, Ind., and kindly men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested in Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep' Paper published in the United States.

fV^ooI Markets and Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO ILL

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writing;

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hena lay. Keep them
hiylog. For hatrhing and hrood-
iiip use the best reasonable priced
Incubatora and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS '

I. A. Banta, Lltronlcr, Indiana

46A20t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
supplies. These ijoods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keei'er, price, Sii cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. W. D. FULTON,
Catalojr Free. Garden City, Kan.

T

DpE GROWN K»A^,llS^S?l?

K - w. FREE " " ""

OUR BOOK
HOWTOGROW
B.viT • • — — FRUIT
'''■^ l> , SEND FOR IT

TITUS NURSERYnemahaneb

Allt Please mention the Bee Journal.

FREICHTp

. „„^ .., — ^ son of 1903,

or longer, to work with e.xperienced manager of
large apiary. State age, experience, references,
wages expected, etc. Single man with ability
to use carpenter's tools preferred. Address,

P. E. G., care A ^ikrican Hek Journal,

144 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

and easy to make
f you work for UB. We will start you in
)usine8s and furnish the capital. Work
i^rlit and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, March 7. — The demand for comb
honey has been and is of small volume, prices
are weak, concessions being made where nec-
essary to effect sales. Fancy white comb held
at 15(alt.c: all other grades of white are irregu-
lar at l.l(oil4c; light amber, 10fa'12c dark and am-
bers, '*@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood,
7@8c; other white grades, (iW7c; amber, SH®
(>%c. Beeswax steadv at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Feb. 20. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mixed, 14@lSc: dark, 13(ail4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Jic. Beeswa.\ firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wrioht.

KansasCity, Feb. 21.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is belter, receipts
light. We quote as follows: Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No. 1, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3@$3.2S; No. 2, white and amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, Tc; amber, (i@6Hc.
" ;. C. C. Clemons & Co.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sm lOIb 2S0i 50S>

Sweet Clover (white) 1.75 $1.40 t3.2S $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsilte Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.20 2.30 5.50 10.50

Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $i. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Prevent Honey Candying

Sent free to all. ^

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

SlAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Titus Nursery, Nemaha, Nebr., issues a
very neat catalnt,- entitled "How to Grow Fruit"
that is bristliiiL: full of information gained by
years of experience in growing- fruit for the
market. Every one of our readers who is in-
terested in trrowiiig fruit should have this cat-
alog, which can be obtained by addressing the
firm, free of charge. This is a splendid book
and iswellworili sending for. Special atten-
tion is paid to tlie '* (Jueen of all Apples"— Vir-
ginia Beautv .i large red winter apple of tbe
finest quality. Nirginia Beauty carried off first
premium for the best new apple not previously
shown at the lat-- St. Louis Fair against 20 com-
petitors. The J iMige remarked, " It is the best
flavored apple 1 ever sampled." Please men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.

Cincinnati, Feb 7— The demand for all kinds
of honey has fallen off considerably in the last
few weeks, owing to the many other sweets of-
fered at this season of the year. Lower prices
are no inducement to increase the consumption,
as the demand is not there, and will not be un-
til about the end of the month; consequently it
is follj to offer at lower prices. We quote am-
ber extracted in barrels at S^^iwhl^c; white clo-
ver and basswood, 8@0i^c. Fancy white comb
honey, 16tol7c; lower grades hard to sell at any
price. Beeswax: firm at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Nkw York, March 5.— There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound for fancy, 13@
14c for No. 1, and 12c for amber, with sufficient
supply to meet the demand. Dark honey will
be cleaned up with very little left; it is selling
at about lie per pound. Extracted rather weak
and in quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote: White, 7@7)^ cents; amber, 6K@7c;
dark, 6c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c fdr good
average. Hildrbth & Sboblkkm.

Cincinnati, Mar. 7.— The comb honey market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14(al5c; node-
maud for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, SU(a.5 -^c; in cans
(.(«6>^c; white clover, 8@,8!^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.

San Francisco, Jan. 14.— White comb honey,
n%@UHc; light amber, 10@llc; dark, 5@6Hc.
Extracted, white, 6@6Hc; light amber, SS^SJ^c;
amber, 4(ai4j4c. Beeswax, good to choice, Ug'h.t,

26@275^c; strictly fancy l^ght, 29@30c.

The country merchant, representative of
trade interests, estimates '■'entire stock of honey
of l'>02 in the State at 15 cars," worth 5%'@6c per
pound at primary points, subject to a $1.10
freight-rate to the East.

\Ai A KI^C n WHITE CLOVER EX-

VVMIN I CL/ TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.

THE FRED W. WUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Beo joumaJ when ■writin©-

Honey For Sale.

20OO lbs. Basswood Extracted honey, at 9c a
pound. All in 601b. cans. Warranted PURE

HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, lU.

5Atf Please mention the Eee Journal.

Choice Alfalfa Honey

auulated in n>«-
cans. at f.s.OO per
case of .s caus, f.o.b.
Cedar Rapids. Iowa.
11 A2t H. L. WEEMS, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
flease raention Bee Journal ■when wriuna

ForSale

f-^. ^ I 1-0 Danzenbaker bodies,

l-'Ot* ^^fllC 5 supers, lids, bottoms,
rUI tJtXl^ 5„ ii;„,; broid-combs!
5O0 I>adz. sections, 50 Lan(,rstroth liives good as
new. Cheap. .S colonies bees.
R. & W. BINKERD, W. Monterey, Clarion Co. Pa.
Clease mention Bee Joitrnal when 'writine

176

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 12, 1903.

] Tlie Best Bee-Goods I

m the World.... t

are no better than those we make, i

and the chances are that they are not W

so pood. It you buy of us J'ou L

Mill not be di^suppoinied. ^

^Ve a.re undersold l>y no W

one. Send for new catalog and T

price-list and free copy of THE W

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its k

thirteenth year; 50 cents ayear; es- j

pecially for betxinners. ^

— THE — r

W.T. Falconer Mfg: Co., [

JAMESTOWN, N. Y. r

W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries ^

a full liue of our ^oods at catalog- prices. T

Order of him and save the freight. W

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postag-e. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey a.t }4c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Oar Neb.
custome's will save considerable freight by or-
dering from them. Kind and courteous treat-
ment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address,

LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free. 1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journal •when i^ntmg

BEE=SUPPLIES!

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POODER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

\ 1^1? Dadant's Foundation l^a'^ \

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^^x^TI'^ik^siXt^^^llt^S:' '

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Why does it sell so well ?

Because it has always g-iven better satis-
faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/i&ecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

TTvt. 'W'i*^w-"*r^-^*^w-^r^'"ir^sr^?rrr-^!r^'^>^-'isr^'*rrr'^*^^^^>r^js

If You are a Bee=Keeper you are
Interested in Smokers.

Don't you want one that will hold fire indeHnitely, and that will
respond instantly with a ^ood volume of smoice even if you haven't
been usiner it for half an hour or more? Then get a CORNEIL or a
VESUVIUS.

Have you ever been bothered by a nf^zzle hying open and spill-
ing-the fire iust when you needed it most? Then get a CORNKIL,
the nozzle of which will not fly open, or get a VESUVIUS, which has
no removable nozzle.

Have you ever burnt your fingers on a hot nozzle ? Then get a
CORNEIL.

Did vou ever have the grate fill up? Then get a CORNEIL or
a VESUVIUS, which have removable grates.

Do you have trouble in lighting your smoker? Then get a
breech-loading VESUVIUS.

Do you like a small, light, smoker? Try the Junior CORNEIL.

Do vou like a large smoker that will not need reloading for
hours? Then try a Jumbo CORNEIL.

Do you like brass smokers that will not rust? Then take your
choice of a VESUVIUS or three sizes of the CORNEIL.

Do you often wish that somettiing could be put on the bellows to give yo
hold? Then try one of our smokers which are bound with folded tin in such
much better hold than any slot cut in the wood.

fingers a better
way as to give

PK,ICBS.

!il 4- inch J1.2S each;

. $3.45 ; postage .... $ .25

ivius 3>4-inch 1.00 each;

All brass smokers, 25 cents each.

Artificial Oueen/^Cell Cups,

vho rears queens by the DooHttle method, knows
to dip the cells; it takes time, and they are not
ver thoug-ht how convenient it would be to have

pUereby all are uni-
lount of hard usage,

r VERY bee-keepe

O how tiresome it

uniform. Have yoi
ready-made cell cups for queen-rearing ?

We have lately beyun to make these by a different method altogethe
form and perfect. The base is thick enough to withstand any reasonable
and the top has a veritable feather-edge.

We are prepared to furnish a hundred ol these cell-cups to every new subscriber who sends
us a dollar for a year's subscription to Gleanings. Old subscribers may also take advantage of
this offer by paying up all arrears and ordering Gleanings one year in advance.

The A. I. Root Company,

riEDlNA, OHIO.
B^* GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^aiiAJo'iLi,?''

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

A National Honey Exchange. Large Hives and Long-lived (|neens.

a. E. DUDLEY.

DR. E. QALLUP.

p,|V\ERie/lyv

Bee JoiRiVAL

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. MARCH 19, 1903.

No. 12,

178

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr. C.C. Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is Sl.OO a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy frto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

Weekly Budget.

Do you Live in Illinois ;— If so, have
you done your part at writing to Springfield,
as requested by Chairman Moore i

In order that our Illinois readers may know

who are their Representatives and Senators at

Springfield, we give here a complete list with

their post-office addresses;

SENATOKS— ISD Gbnkkal assembly.

George William Dixon, 3l:ll Michigan av., Chicago.

Wm. U. Kiley.amiThe Temple, Ohicago.

Michael Hi. Muher, nK3 -JTth at.. Cnicago.

Michael J. Butler. 572h State »t . Chicago.

Francis W. Parner. Hotel Del Prado. Chicago.

Thomas J Dawson, »o4 Addison St., Chicago.

John Humphrey. Orlund.

DuFay A. Fuller. Belvirtere.

Edward S. Ralney. 3H22 S. Union av., Chicago.

Henry Andrus. Rockford.

Carl Lundberg. SMJa S. Sangamon St., Chicago.

John C. MoKenzie, Elizabeth.

Albert C. dura. 7137 Kuclid av.. Chicago.

Henrv H. Evuns. Aurora.

Cyril B Jandus. U3S W. 2 ith at , Chicago.

Robert Boal Kort. Lacon.

John Powers, 7n McAllister pi., Chicago,

James D. Putnam, Bliuwood.

Frank C. Varnum, 106-t Wilcox av.. Chicago.

I,en Small, Kankakee.

Daniel A. rampbell. 4an w. Erie St., Chicago.

M. B. Bailey. Danville.

Niels Juul. 433 Potomac av., Chicago.

Henry M. Dunlap, Savoy

Joseph K. Haas. 5o3 W. Fullerton av., Chicago.

George W. Stubbletlelil, Blooinington,

Stanley U. Kunz ess Noble »t.. Chicago.

Lawrence B. Stringev. Lincoln.

Harry U. Hall. 1»1 Suneriorst., Chicago.

U. G. Albertsen. Pekin.

Carl Mueller, ho.i Burling sl„ Chicago.

Orville K. ISorry, Cnrtlmge.

Levis. M(( ;.lie, H".k l.sl:incl.

S.C. Penili'Tl..ri.U:iUaiMl.

Charles II Hn^Ih^ nix.m.

Thomas Meeliun, llUilN.

James W. TeiiiiJlfUJii. I'rincfton.

J. K. P. Farrelly.Dauin.

Corbus P. Gardner. Mendota.

C. F. Coleman. Vandalla.

Richard J. Barr, 403 Whitley av., Joliet.

J.O. Koch, Breese. „ , ^

Leon A. Townsend, S44 N. Academy St., Galesburg.

Roy Alden. Pinckneyville.

Thomas Rees, 40th & Jefferson sts., Springfleld.

James H. Watson. Woodlawn.

Lou is B. Walter. Alton.

H. R. Fowler Blizabetlitown.

Robert Sherman Hamilton, Marlsea.

(). H. Burnett, Marion.

Douglas W. Helm, Metropolis.

REPRESENTATIVES— 43D GBNEUAl ASSEMBLY.

Jacob Boll, 2180 Archer av., Chicago.
Edward H, Morris. 2712 Dearborn St., Chicag(j.
Samuel W. Arrand. 1318 Wabash av., Chicago.
Charles W. KopI, 503 Ashland houl., Chicago.
Beni. F. Greenebaum, 395 Ashland houl., Chicago.
Francis E. Donoghue. 398 W. Adams St., Chicago.
Sigmund S. Jones, 346 37th St., Chicago.
Frederick L. Davies, 4R5 Bowen av. Chicago.
Richard E. Corlgan, 3229 Indiana av.. cnicago.
Frank B. Christian. ."1313 Bishop St., Chicago.
Isaac Miller, 4159 Western av. boul.. Chicago.
Edward M. Cummings. 4439 Lowe av., Chi< ago.
Aaron NtTden.4fi39 Vincennes av., Chicago.
Michael B. Hunt, 5732 Monroe av., Chica.iO.
Oliver W. Stewart. 5538 Cornell av.. Chicago.
Harry Oldham. 737 Berteau av., Chicago.
Edward J. Brundage, 259 S-^minary av., Chicago.
M. L. McKinley, 2727 N. Robey St., Chicago.
George Struckman^ Bartlett.

Edward D. Shurt'etT, Marengo.
George R. Lyon, 4o3 Sheridan rd., Waukegan.
William Desmond. Woodstock.
David B. Shanahan. l.^R6 35th St., Chicago,
Anton J. Cermak, 444 W. 2'ith St., Chicago.
Thomas J. Heady, 1117 s. Oakley av., Chicago.
Frederick Haines. ^2^ E. State St., Rockford.
Johnson Lawrence. I'olo.
James P. Wilson, Woosurig.

Chester W. (Church. 922H l..ongwood av.. Chicago.
Nicholas J. Nagel. 5552 Princeton av.. Chicago.
John K. Doyle, 55 Hi Aberdeen at., Chicago.
James B. Taggart. Ridott.
W. W. Gillespie, Mt. Carroll.
Douglas Pattison. 58 Hardin St., Freeport.
Benton F. Kleeman, 1 i4i7 Michigan av.. Chicago.
James H. Wilkerson, (i347 Woodlawn av., Chicago.
Henry V. Meeter*^n, l l35ii Michigan av., Chicago.
Chales H. Backus, Hampshire.
Charles T. Cherry. Oswego.
John W. Linden, 220 Grove St.. Aurora
James P. Cavanaugh, 162 W, 18th St., Chicago.
Peter Knolla. 7' 6 W. is'h. St.. Chicago.
Ladislas J . Fllgl, 6o6 S. Center St., Chicago.
IraM.Lish.Saunemin.
Josiah Kerri> k, Minonk.
John P. Moran. Fairbury.
Edward J. Smejkal. 77 Bunker St., Chicago.
John Noonan 307 W. Congress st , Chicago.
Clarence S. Darrow, 4,5i! S. Des Plaines St.. Chicago.
Wm. G. McRoberts. 6' 9 E. McClure av., Peoria.
Charles F. Black. .\Iapleton.
Jefferson R. Boulware. 212 Perry av., Peoria.
Augustus W. Nohe. 947 Clifton Ave., Chicago.
William W. Weare. Morton Park.
Richard B. Burke, 1.523 W.Van Buren St., Chicago
Edward C. Curtis. Grant Park.
Horace Russell. Miltord.
W. W. Parish. Jr. Momence.

Fred'k B. Brickson, 2.56 N. Carpenter St.. Chicago.
Benjamin M. Mitchell, 1314 Fulton St., Chicago.
John J.Mc.Manaman, 1029 W.Superior st.,Chirago.
Charles A. Allen, Hoopeston.
urge H. (Gordon. Pa

Abel Davis, 14 Flower St., Chicago.

John S. Clark, 2327 Grand ave., Chi(

Julius N. Rodman, Deland.

John H.Uppendohl. DaltonCity.

Evan Stevenson, Monticello.

Robert B. PendarvLs, 1537 N. 71st ct., Chicago.

Herman H. Breidt. 27lo Milwaukee ave.. Chicago.

Frank H. Landmesser, 84 Hamburg St., Chicago.

Wesley M. Owen. Le Roy.

John A. Montelius, Piper City.

John ¥. Heffernan, 108 B. Front St., Bloomington.

Albert Glade. 9 N. Curtis St.. Chicago.

Joseph S. Gesh'iewich,674 Milwaukee ave. Chicago

Daniel V. McDonougli, 84 S. Centre ave., Chicago.

('arl Swigart. Weklon.

Arthur .I.Gallagher. Decatur.

James M. Gray, 521 W. Williams St.. Decatur.

Samuf 1 E. Erickson. 51 Locust St.. Chicago.

Bernard F. clettenberg, 126 Larrabee St., Chicago.

M. B. McNulty, 151 Sedgwick tt., Chicago.

HomerJ.Tice, Greenview.

John A. Petrie. Greenview.

Henry H. Elliott, Kilbourne.

Henry C. Beiller, ■(, Lincoln ave., Chicago.

Joseph M. Patterson, 166 Astor St.. Chicago.

John C. Werdell, k2 Mohawk St., Chicago.

Lawrence V. Sherman, Macomb.

Everett C. Hardin Monmouth.

William McKinley. 732 E. Broadway, Monmouth.

ijawrence M. Magill. Moline.

Charles A. Samuelst.'U. Bherrard.

Geitrge A. Cooke, Aledo.

I). B. Mille', Casey.

Carl Burgett, Newman.

J.T.H nos, Newman.

John B. Castle, Sanawich.

Charles A. Weiherbee. Sterling.

Caleb C. Johnson. Sterling.

William Schlagenhaut, lolO Jefferson St., Quincy.

Jacob •.roves. Camp Point.

Irvin D Webster. Pleasant Hill.

Nathaniel W. Tiblietts, Kewanee.

James K. Noves, Bradford.

James K. Blish. Kcuiinee.

Thomas Kuiaker, Carlinville.

Flank W. Hurtoii, i .1 North St.. Carlinvllle.

Edward \. Uice. J-" Kirkham St., Litchrteld.

Willl.Tlii 1). Is-rnianii, Streator.

Kiiorli II. P.Mlerseii, Sheridan.

. Itr.

William O. Wallace, Shelbyvllle.
Samuel J. Drew, 1221 Benton St.. Joliet.
L. Bush, Downers Grove.

Charles L. Farrls, Louisville.

Burnett M. Chiportleld. 8 N. Ave. A., Canton.

John Hughes. Table Grove.

Robert J. McElvain. 814 North St., Murphysboro.

Sylvester W.McGuire, Sparta.

Charles S. Luke, Nashville.

John A. Wheeler, Auburn.

Abner G. Murray, 1007 N. 9th st , Springfleld.

William S. Lurton. E. College ave., Jacksonville.

Lowry M. Sunderland, FairBeld.

Thomas Tippit, Olney.

John M Kapp. Fairfield.

Cicero J. Lindly, Greenville,

William Montgomery. Moro.

Charles Carrillon. Smithboro.

John W. Leaverion. Palestine.

Mahlon H.Mundy,4tb i Chestnut sts., Mt.Carmel.

Carl Busse, Lawrenceville.

William B. Trautmann.soo Ohio ave., E. St. Louis

M"rtin Schnipper, 2i8 N. Silver St., Belleville.

JamesO. Miller, 701 B. First st.,- Belleville.

James B rs. Edwards Anna.

Charles M. Gaunt, Mound City.

William L, Eskew, Benton.

A. W. Walker, Golconda.

John H. Miller, McLeansboro.

David J. Underwood, McLeansboro.

The bee-keepers' Bill is known as House
Bill No. 356 in the House of Representatives,
and as Senate Bill No. 207 in the Senate.
When writing to Senators mention the latter
Bill, and when writing House members men-
tion the former Bill. All the members of the
Legislature can be addressed State House,
tSprlngflehl, III., instead of to their residence
post-offices.

Now, let every Illinois reader of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal write at once to his Senator
and Representatives, requesting them to sup-
port and vote for the Bill " making an appro-
priation for the Illinois Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion." Write to as many other members
of the Legislature as you can, in addition to
your own Senator and Representatives. The
bee-keepers from all over the State should
simply " snow them under" with letters.

We may say that we think there is a good
prospect of the Bill being passed. But the
more letters from bee-keepers to the law-
makers the better.

Do it now !

General Manager France, of Platteville,
Wis., wrote us March 2 as follows:

I go one week to Farmers' Institutes,
talking bee-culture and small fruit; and then
have to stay at home a week to catch up In
General Manager correspondence.

To-day I have receipted for dues from 28
members in 13 Slates — .Maine to California. I
have a basket full of letters to answer. Sev-
eral State Legislatures I am laboring with to
enact belter laws of interest to bee-keepers ;
and a case to investigate where a city declared
bees a nuisance.

No danger of the General Manager being
out of a job very soon.

N. E. France, OeH.JTgr.

The Rearing of Children is the sub-
ject of a discussion in the Progressive Bee-
Keeper by F. L. Thompson and Somnambu-
list. As Mr. Thompson is a bachelor more or
lessconrflmed.andasit is generally understood
that Somniy has never waked up sutttciently
to select a wife— well, we shall see what we
shall see.

John V. Nebel, one of the veteran bee-
keepers of Missouri, has been elected a mem-
ber of the State Legislature, in spite of the
fact that his opponent belonged to the party
which, for years, has held the ascendancy.
There's good timber for law-makers among
bee-keepers.

Te.\as and Utah are both doing some
lively pulling for the. next National conven-
tion. So is California.

^iSRICAi^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 19, 1903,

Nal2.

DKATH OF THOMAS G. NEWMAN.

About 5 p.m., March 10, we received the
following telegram announcing the death of
Thomas G. Newman :

American Bee Journal, Chicago. —

Father just died. Month's illnes.s. Gas-
tritis. TO next September.

A. H. Newman.

The following biographical paragraphs are
taken from a sketch wriyen by Dr. C. C.
Miller for Gleanings in Bee-Culture, in 1S88:

Thomas Gabriel Newman was born near
Bridgewater, in southwestern England, Sept.
26, 1S33. He was left fatherless at ten years
of age, with three older brothers and a sister,
the mother being left a penniless widow by
reason of the father's endorsing for a large
sum. The boys were all put out to work to
help support the family. Thomas G. chose
the trade of printer and book-binder, serving
an apprenticeship of seven years, and learning
thoroughly every inch of the business from
top to bottom, in both branches.

Early in 1854 he came to Rochester, N. Y.,
where he had relatives; and before noon of
the day of his arrival he secured a permanent
situation in the job-room of The American.
Within two months he took the position of
assistant foreman on the Rochester Demo-
crat, then the leading Republican paper of
Western New York. Later on he spent seven
years editing and publishing a religious
paper, called the " Bible Expositor and Millen-
nial Harbinger," in New York, and published
a score or more of theological works, some
written by himself. In 1S64 he moved it to
Illinois, sold out the business, and, for a
" rest,'' took his family to England. Return-
ing in ISIJl) he located at Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
where he published and edited its first daily
paper. In 1873 he sold this and removed to
Chicago, where he embarked in the business
of publishing The Illustrated Journal, a liter-
ary serial printed in the highest style of the
art, and magnificently embellished. The panic
of 1873 ruined this luxury, bringing upon him
a loss of over ■*20,0U0.

In 1873 a friend introduced him to the Rev.
W. F. Clarke, who wanted to dispose of his
interest in the American Bee Journal, which
interest was one-half, subject to an unpaid
contract. This he bought, and afterward the
interests of F. Grabbe and Geo. Wagner, thus
becoming the sole proprietor. For a man not
afliicted with the bee-fever, in cold blood to
pay more than .?3U00 for the simple " good-
will " of a paper with no printing-office or
supplies of any kind, shows an unbounded con-
fidence in the future of bee-journalism. Few
men, under the same circumstances, would
have achieved his success. For three years
he employed successively as editors Rev. W.
F. Clarke, Mrs. E. S. Tupper, and Dr. C. C.
Miller, meanwhile applying himself to the
study and practice of bee-culture, increasing
his apiary from three colonies, purchased for
experimental manipulation, to more than 100

colonies in ls7'.i, when he disposed of them
because troublesome to surrounding stores.

With a positive dislike for financial trans-
actions, he is fortunate in his son, Alfred H.,
who has ability in that direction. Besides his
son he has two daughters, all married, and
five grandchildren.

In 1879 he went to Europe, at his own ex-
pense, as representative to the various bee-
keepers' societies, and attended conventions
in England, France, Italy, Austria, Germany,
etc., and was awarded several gold medals for
exhibitions of American apiarian implements.

In no one thing has Mr. Newman shown
the persistence with which he follows up any
matter he undertakes, more than in his fight
against adulteration, and in connection with
it what he so constantly calls the " Wiley lie."
Prof. Wiley, with all the weight of his official
position under government, perpetrated the
" scientific pleasantry " that comb honey was
manufactured without the aid of bees. Far
and near it was copied by the papers, the Pro-
fessor looking on complacently at the mis-
chief he had wrought, without offering a
word to stop its course. Mr. Newman de-
manded a retraction, with no success, for a
long time, but he kept up the warfare, de-
nouncing the falsehood with ever-increasing
vigor, using such strong language, and such
bitter denunciations that one could hardly
withhold sympathy for the poor Professor, so
mercilessly belabored. But it is probable that
nothing short of such vigorous language
would have wrung from Prof. W. a tardy
denial of the truth of his statement and a
mingled attempt at apology and self-justifica-
tion.

Notwithstanding the use of vigorous lan-
guage on the printed page, in his attacks
upon that which he deems unjust or false, in
personal intercourse Mr. Newman is always
the courteous gentleman. Hardly up to
medium height, he is of strong build, and of
active temperament. In convention he is a
good presiding officer, and an easy speaker,
sometimes rising to flights of eloquence on
themes which, treated by others, would be
but commonplace. C. C. Miller.

Probably the majority of our readers will
best remember Thomas G. Newman as editor
of the American Bee Journal. He was our
honored predecessor, relinquishing all con-
nection with this journal June 1, 1892. With
the exception of about one year of the eight
preceding that date, Mr. Newman was our
employer, and he was a good one, too. As
we look back now upon those years, when we
were getting hold of the ins and outs of both
the bee supply und publishing business, we
wonder that he <ould have been so uniformly
patient and coui teous, when we must have
been exceedingly trying manj times. But he
was ever the ^.uue, though often suffering
with physical :iilments and burdened with
business perplc^ ities and cares.

Mr. Newman iiublished the American Bee
Journal forabo I 20 years, taking it at a time
when the beel siness was practically ''in
the beginning.' We believe the paper then
had less than -^nn subscribers. When he left
it it had 5000. 'le was a tireless toiler, and
took great pridf md interest in his work. He

was fearless for the right, and did all he
knew to do in order to make the American
Bee Journal of the most value to its sub-
scribers. It was no easy task for us to follow
in his footsteps, as we were then wholly un-
known to the bee-keeping world. But under
his direction and training for years, we were
daring enough to make the attempt, even
though it was a risky thing for us to do.

Mr. Newman was for two years President
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, and
for about 15 years General Manager of the
National Bee-Keepers' Union, which did so
much to secure for bee-keeping valuable
decisions and precedents in law for the pro-
tection of the industry. For years he filled
the office of General Manager without re-
muneration, except the feeling of satisfac-
tion that comes from knowing that one's
work is done to the best of one's ability. But
he also had the satisfaction of knowing that
his efforts were not only successful, but
appreciated by bee-keepers.

For the past seven years Mr. Newman has
resided in California, where he went partly on
account of his wife's health. We believe
Mrs. Newman was greatly benefited, but not
so Mr. Newman. For several years preceding
their departure for the " Sunset State," he
suffered much from la grippe, from which it
seems he never fully recovered.

Thomas G. Newman is gone. The old-time
leaders in the bee-keeping world are fast pass-
ing away. Chas. Dadant, Dr. A. B. Mason,
John H. Martin — how rapidly they are go-
ing from the field of action. Naturally, in
Mr. Newman's case more than in any of the
others who have preceded him, do we feel a
deep personal loss. He was our intimate
friend for years, and even after we were sep-
arated thousands of miles, we still kept in
touch by correspondence.

Mr. Newman's host of bee-keeping friends
will look upon his picture and read these few
memorial lines with sadness. They knew him
well. He helped them fight their battles and
win their victories. He may have made a few
enemies— but who that stands for anything
worth standing for has not ! But Mr. New-
man never held a grudge against a mortal
man. He was ever kind and forgiving, and
ever strove to live by the Golden Rule. In
business he was an honest man ; true to all;
and leaves a rich moral heritage to all who
knew him.

Our readers, we know, will unite with us
in extending to Mrs. Newman and family sin-
cerest sympathy in this their time of bereave-
ment.

Taking Boes Out of the Cellar.— Are

you makiug any experiments in the matter of
the time of taking bees out of the cellar for a

180

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

flight and then returning them '. Some advo-
cate taking out in March and leaving out just
long enough for a flight before returning.
Others say take them out in April about two
weeks before time to take them out for good.
Ifyou experiment at all in the matter, don't
go into it in too wholesale a manner, but treat
at least a part of your colonies, if not the
greater part, in the manner you have hereto-
fore been in the habit of treating them. Only
by comparison will you be able to judge as to
the best way. Then keep watch as to which
colonies seem to be in best condition at dif-
ferent times, especially at the opening of the
harvest, and please report.

Those Who Have Xo Foul Brood.—

trobably not one out of ten, possibly not
one out of a hundred, of those bee-keepers
who have not personally suffered from foul
brood, have sufficient iaterest in the matter to
have read enough on the subject to give them
anything more than the most vague idea
about it. Then when the disease actually
appears in a colony belonging to such bee-
keeper, he allows the disease to progress
steadily, in serene unconsciousness of any
danger until it has spread to many or all of
his colonies, and has become of such virulent
type in some of them that he can no longer
be blind to it. Then he is in a panic, not
knowing what to do, and wasting still further
time in trying to flnd out.

The wise bee-keeper, even the veriest novice
with a single colony, should know enough
about the disease to spot it on its first appear-
ance. He should also know enough to act at
once when he does spot it. He should know
enough not to be unduly excited when he
finds something unusual in a colony that is
not foul brood. So the advice can hardly be
too strongly emphasized, to read up on foul
brood, even if there is no expectation of ever
seeing a case. Have ready for immediate
reference whatever literature you may have
upon the subject, so that no time may be
wasted in looking it up in case it should
suddenly be needed.

Formalin to Kill Foul Brood. — It will
be remembered that experiments over in
Canada seemed to show that the bacilli of
foul brood, and even the spores, were de-
stroyed by exposure to the fumes of formalin,
whether they were in the larva>, the dried
cells, or in the honey. This is a matter of
thousands of dollars, for if the effect of the
fumes are such that a comb from a foul-
broody hive can be entirely cleansed from all
traces of the disease, then all the brood-combs
that otherwise would be burned can be saved.
As a practical contribution to the subject, the
following from C. H. W. \Veber appears in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture :

You may recollect that, when in Denver, I
was talking to you about killing the foul-
brood germ by fumigating it with formalin
gas, by Prof. Harrison's method. I mentioned
to you that I would experiment with this
fumigating cure just as soon as I arrived
home. With the assistance of a bee-keeper 1
began operations immediately. This gentle-
man had a hive infected with foul brood. We
took the infected frames from the hive and
placed the bees in another hive. We then
fumigated it with the formalin gas. and,
when disinfected, replaced the infected frames
in the old hive. We then shook the bees
back on to the original frames. The result

was, that the colony cleaned up the combs
nicely, and a few days later the combs were
filled with eggs, and, later, larvte, the latter
being perfectly white, and no signs of foul
brood since in the colony.

Later in the season I tried this method for
friends who had colonies atllicted in the same
manner. As the season became too late for
brood-rearing, I could not ascertain any re-
sults. About three weeks ago I sent two
frames, which had been badly infected (but
which I had previously fumigated, to kill the
spores of foal brood i, to Prof. Dr. fiuyer, of
the University of Cincinnati. I requested
him to endeavor to restore life to the foul
brood, which he promised to try to do. A
few days later I sent him another frame in-
fected with foul brood (this frame 1 did not
fumigate). To-day, two weeks after, I
visited the professor again, and he reported
that he had made about 20 trials, all told.
The frame not fumii/atnl, he says, flourishes
with foul brood'. To the other frames, which
were fuinignted by this process, he said it
was impossible to restore any signs of life.
He still has part of the fumigated frames,
which he will experiment further, and will
then report results. I will acquaint you
further with any future results we may
secure.

Shaken Swarms in Australia. — The

editor of the Australasian Bee-Keeper advises
against the practice of equalizingcolonies and
then shaking a swarm from each, regardless
of preparations for swarming, but favors
shaking each as soon as preparations for
swarming are found.

Filling Syrup in Combs.— S. E. Miller
says in the Progressive Bee-Keeper:

I am surprised at Editor Doolittle {page
1014, Gleanings for Dec. I.t). In advising how
to fill combs with syrup, he says:

"To get it into the cells, pour in a fine
stream from a dipper or some utensil having
a spout which should be held a foot or more
from the comb,'' etc.

Now, Friend Doolittle, you have likely filled
many more combs than I, but I can tell you a
better way. Take a fruit-can, about a 3-pound
can — one that has been used and cast aside is
good enough — punch the bottom full of small
holes, about such as a three-penny nail will
make. If the holes are punched from the in-
side the syrup will flow more freely than if
punched from the outside. An old file, with
the point intended for inserting in the handle,
shaped to the proper form and size, makes a
puncher for the purpose.

Having your perforated-bottom can pre-
pared, lay the comb on its side in the bottom
of a tub. Hold the can about a foot above
the comb with the left hand, and with the
right hand lake a dipper and fill the comb
with syrup. Pass the can over all parts of
the comb until one side of the comb is filled,
when the other side can be turned up and the
operation repeated. If there is about half an
inch of syrup in the bottom of the tub, it is
all the better, as it will prevent the syrup
from running out of the side first filled. You
see, by this means, we have 100 or more
streams of small size instead of only one.

Very likely Mr. Miller will be thankful for
suggestion as to still further improvement,
even though the improvement refers to minor
matters. Instead of the can being held a foot
above the comb, let it be at least three feet
above it. If the syrup be allowed to fall from
a height of an inch, in spite of its being in a
fine stream, very little of it will find its way
to the bottom of the cells, and in a little
while there will be a liiycr of syrup all over
the comb, leaving the colls still filled with air,
and any syrup poured on top after that will
simply run off. When held a foot above the
comb, the result will be better, but still it
will not work so well as when the syrup falls
from a greater distance. The momentum

gained by falling from a greater height is the
same in effect as making each drop heavier,
making it go with a rush to the bottom of the
cell. For, although the syrup may leave the
can in a fine stream, it goes a very short dis-
tance before separating into drops.

It is important that the syrup be hot — just
as hot as it is possible to have it without
melting the comb. The hotter the syrup the
smaller the drops.

Holding the can three feet above the comb
is tiresome. Easier and better work can be
done in this way :

Punch three holes at equal distances in the
upper edge of the can ; tie the.end of a string
in each hole, and tie the other end of each
string to a nail in the ceiling, letting the
three nails be perhaps three feet apart. Then
no weight comes on the hand, and all you
have to do is to steady the can and move it
about where you want it.

The Dealer's Rights — Do they Include
that of Erasing the Producer's Name and Put-
ing on His Own ? is the heading of an article
in the Bee-Keepers' Review, in which the
writer, J. E. Hand, says :

" How is a honey-producer going to adver-
tise his business, and work up a trade for his
product if he is not allowed to place his name
on his honey J It has taken me years to learn
how to produce a real fancy article of comb
honey, and I would be very foolish to give to
Mr. York, or any one else, the benefit of my
experience, simplj' because he happens to buy
my honey. He has a right to place his name
on the package as the seller of it, but not as
the producer, as this would simply be lying,
and an injustice to the producer. I would
not sell a pound of honey to any man who
would object to my name and address some-
where either outside or inside of every ease,
and always outside of every crate. Any one
who is smart enough to produce a fancy arti-
cle of comb honey should be smart enough to
sell it himself without giving his dearly
bought experience to some one who could not
produce a pound of honey to save his life."

In a footnote Editor Hutchinson says there
are two sides to the question. It is entirely
proper for a producer to desire to establish a
reputation for his honey, and to have his
name on the package, and such a producer
should sell to some one who is making no
effort to build up a special trade; but with
regard to those who are making such effort,
he says :

" If I were at work building up a trade here
for honey, I should wish to have my name on
every package, and not that of the producer.
That would be a natural feeling. If I spent
time, and money, and thought, and energy,
building up a market for honey, I should wish
to reap the reward. I should not advertise
that I was the producer of the honey that I
sold. I should impre.'is upon my customers
the idea that I was an expert judge of honey,
and took great pains to secure that which was
of excellent quality and absolutely pure. I
should take great pains to live up to my pro-
fessions, and always furnish an excellent
article, and thus lead my customers to believe
that when they bought a bottle of honey, or a
section of honey with my name on it, they
could rest assured that it had my guarantee,
and that it was all right. If I should send out
honey having upon the packages only the
names of the different producers of whom I
bought honey, I would never succeed in
building up a demand for the honey that I
sold. One day I might be selling Smith's
honey, the next day Brown's, and so on.

A Mild IVinter is the term that must be
applied to the one just closing, unless March
does some savage work in the way of cold
weather in the next few days.

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

181

Convention Proceedings.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page 165.)
Pres. York — I would like to introduce Mr. Frank B.
White, of Chicago, a friend of poultry-keepers and bee-
keepers. He is a very white man, as you will see.

ADDRESS BY MR. FRANK B. WHITE.

I am grateful to your president for giving me this
opportunity to speak to you. I hope I am a friend of the
bee-keepers, the producers of that sweet which we like to
eat. Mr. York can testify that I eat some. I do not know
what I can say that would be of interest to you. I am not
familiar with the bee-keeping business to any great extent.
I might offer a suggestion or two as to how you could in-
crease the demand for your product, and if I might have
about five minutes of your time I would like to do that.

I had the pleasure, yesterday, of addressing the State
Horticultural Society, at Minneapolis, and I was pleased to
see the interest they took in what I had to say about the
handling of fruit.

I want to suggest to you that I believe, without doubt,
that there is an opportunity of enlarging the demand for
your product. If you expect to get a larger price for your
honey you must increase the demand in some way. I want
to call your attention to the fact that but few of the hotel
menus contain the name of the product you produce. Other
edibles are mentioned there, health foods by the score, and
any one can go into the health-food business if he has a
flour-mill and sawdust at hand ! You can sell your prod-
uct with a little advertising. Now, if that can be done with
something we have no faith in, why can't it be done with a
good, substantial sweet article like honey ? I believe it
can. I believe the list of things we eat should contain
honey as well as meat, vegetables, and fruit. California
found herself without a market for her oranges. They were
producing more than they could dispose of. At the present
time the only thing lacking is transportation, and the dis-
tribution of the product doesn't worry them at all. It is
simply because they unitedly, as a State, used a judicious
system of advertising. I maintain they might have gone
on and created a further demand. I have no doubt in the
world but what the people could sell many times what they
do if they would get in line. Now, you producers of lioney
ought to pay attention to the distribution of your product
along that line.

I do not know just what the object of this organization
is, other than to teach each other, as you have been trying
to do in the discussion that I listened to for the few min-
utes that I was here; but it seems to me that you left off
your discussion at the very vital point of marketing your
product in a way that seems to me should be handled by
your organization.

Now, I have no doubt but what many of you are ship-
ping your honey to Mr. York. He is making an effort to
create a demand for honey in this city, but there is a ^rreat
deal of waste energy and waste effort simply because we do
not avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by judicious
advertising along the lines of shipping and packing, etc.
Now, without running into opposition with Mr. York, if I
were a honey-producer near a city or village of two or five
thousand people, I believe that I would sell every pound of
honey that I produce right in that community, and if I
could not do it with the present demand, I would try mighty
hard to make a demand. There is many a neighhjr of
yours who would eat honey if he knew how good it was. It
simply means he hasn't had a taste. He will buy patent
medicines and patronize mail-order houses, but he won'ln't
send away for much honey. I don't know whether any of
you have ever tried to acquaint your neighbors wiO.) the
fact that you have honey for sale. That is the thing you

ought to do, and sell your honey at home, then any that
you have to send away will bring you a better price, thus
making a demand for your product at home, as well as
away from home.

Out a little ways from Chicago there was a man who
grew one year 40 bushels of gooseberries. Gooseberries
were selling at the store for six cents a quart, and the good
wife said she was not going to prick her lingers, nor have
her children prick theirs, for six cents'a quart, so he went
to the newspaper office, inserted a small notice which cost
him 75 cents, and then went away for two days. When he
returned his good wife met him and said: " Well, I am
glad you came. I haven't done anything since you went
away but answer the telephone. I have sold all the berries,
and could have .sold tv^ice as many." She got 12 cents a
quart instead of six for them. He advertised fresh berries
right from the bushes, and he commanded 12 cents for them.

Now, I believe you can create a demand for honey at at
better price if you will do a little advertising. If I were a
producer of honey I wouldn't let a pound of honey go away
from my place without my stamp was on it, so that they
would have to read that every time they took a piece of
honey ; but I don't know any patent that you can get to
have the bees to stamp it on. Mr. York doesn't offer
any honey that he doesn't stamp very plain. The little
pound box — I would have my name on all four sides,
all around. I don't know but what I will go in the
honey-business. If I do, and you see " White's Honey,"
you will know that I am doing what I say. I would expect
that my bees were going to produce just as good honey as
anybody's. Mind you, I claim that the thing that is not
good is not fit to advertise. My honey is just as good as
anybody else can produce, and better. The article itself is
the best advertiser in the world. If it is good put your own
stamp on it, and let that stamp be big and plain.

Dr. Miller — If you send to a commission man, or some
one else to sell, he will scratch your stamp off.

Mr. White — I would have it burned in so deep that he
couldn't scratch it off. Don't let him come that on you. Dr.
Miller.

But this is all foreign to my work. I can't go out and
advertise your product at all, but I do delight to see, when I
go to a fruit-store, something that indicates where it comes
from. The fact of the matter is, those of us who have to
buy things shipped in here, if we get hold of a good thing
we want to be able to get it again, and if it was marked we
would know what to call for. We buy our butter by name.
We call for that creamery butter because we know that that
butter is all right. The fact is, before that thing was heard
of all butter was alike to us who had to buy it here in Chi-
cago.

Yes, this means something, and it certainly will mean
something to you, men, if you will follow that suggestion.
I wouldn't recommend that the members of this Association
produce anything but honey that is first-class, and then
every one of you affix your name and the fact that you are
a member of this organization — it is a stamp of genuine-
ness, and it will overcome a lot of this stuff talked about as
molasses honey.

Something of that kind is the best thing that I know of
to create a demand, and those of us who want a good thing
will look for that article.

Why do you let the other fellow dictate terms to you ?
Why not make the demand for your article at the price you
think you ought to have. If you ship half your honey to
Chicago, Mr. York will be making more money. The honey
you sell at home you can sell for a good, round price, if you
create a demand.

I don't know whether there is anything else I have to
say. That is all I think of, anyway, Mr. President. Thank
you.

Pres. York— Evidently / didn't tell Mr. White what to
say. I will explain it all to him some day, and hope he will
come again. We will now go to the next question.

FEEDING BOILED GRANULATED SOUR HONEY.

" If I boil granulated sour honey will I be able to feed
it to the bees ?"

Mr. Niver — Is there any such thing ?

Pres. York — Yes, sir.

Mr. Wilcox -I would like to have whoever answers that
question say whether after the bees have stored it it will be
sweet honey or not. I don't know whether it will be any
better after the bees have taken it and re-worked it.

Mr. Moore — There is a distinction to be drawn there. I
have a notion that the candii'd part is not sour, and that the
act of melting it, or, perhaps carry it a little farther

162

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

wouldn't say boil it, but when you melt honey somewhat
old and sour you will find a good deal of froth that comes
out from the honey. This sourness, I am of the opinion it
could be brought to a heat enough without boiling the honey
so it wouldn't be sour.

Mr. Whitney— Did you try it ?

Mr. Moore — I have melted a great deal of candied honey.
I have melted some lots that would pretty near fill this bill
of candied and sour honey, and I feel sure, in some cases,
the heating without boiling would pretty nearly sweeten it.
I am quite sure the boiling would sweeten it, and then you
can have it for summer food.

Mr. Wilcox — I wish you were sure you are right about
that. I had a barrel returned to me once, and I had it
almost to a boiling heat.

Mr. Moore — What proportion of it ?

Mr. Wilcox — Very thin honey to candy, consequently it
doesn't become very solid, and I put in saleratus and boiled
it, skimmed it thoroughly, and then tried it on my own
table, and it was still sour. That experiment satisfied me.

Mr. Moore — How thick was it after it was all done ?

Mr. Wilcox — About as thick as ordinary honey.

Mr. Moore — Did you try it on the bees ?

Mr. Wilcox — I didn't go so far. I couldn't get them out,
and if any one can I would like to know how.

Dr. Miller — Answering perhaps what is desired by the
questioner, that is, as to whether that honey can be right-
fully and profitably fed to the bees, I should say that in the
early part of the season it could be fed and turned into
brood very profitably. I believe the bees will take it and
use it nearly as well as straight honey. There is some-
thing, though heating honey that is a little bit sour will
improve it. Possibly it might be so sour that it could not
be improved.

Mr. Purple— I am sorry to say that I haven't had quite
experience enough in this to go as far as I would like, but I
fed several pounds to some of my bees, black bees, this fall.
They had given me all they had stored, and I couldn't do
anything else except extract it and feed it back. I fed
back sour honey boiled, and boiled hard. It will froth over,
but if you boil it well it will stop, and just let it settle down,
and it wasn't sour. It looked like, say the consistency of
malt or boiled cider, but it was sweet, and wasn't sour. I
was looking at a colony last Sunday, that had nothing but
that to live on, and there were only half a dozen dead bees
in the hive.

Dr. Miller— Wait until spring.

Mr. Purple— That's what I want. I am sorry I can't
report more fully. These colonies didn't have a pound in
the hive.

Mr. France— Are those bees in-doors or out-doors ?

Mr. Purple — Indoors.

Mr. Moore — I suppose you know the process of turning
sweet into vinegar. Every lady, when she makes bread,
raises it, knows that there is alcohol formed in there, and
that is largely gaseous— the generating of the sugar into
alcohol. Now, when it starts to ferment the sugar has been
turned into alcohol, then the alcohol turns into acid vinegar.
Now boil this and a froth is caused by the gaseous alcohol.
That's why boiling improves it, and whether it is cured
entirely or not depends on how far this turning of the
sugar into alcohol has progressed, and on certain chemical
changes. When- a chemical change has gone on, nothing
will bring it back to the orignal state. I should think it
would be perfectly safe for summer feeding, but for winter
feeding I think you would be taking the lives of the bees
into your own hands.

Dr. Miller — The one general remark about feeding this
sort of honey, in no case would I ever allow it to be used for
winter stores. I should be very much surprised if Mr. Pur-
ple wouldn't settle down to the opinion that he never wants
to feed in the fall anything but good, sweet honey. In the
summer bees might work on boiled vinegar, and make some
use of it when they are flying every day, but in the fall I
wouldn't work over any honey.

Mr. Wilcox— Is that equivalent to admitting that the
bees do not make the change, and make sweet honey of it ?

Mr. France— Right along this line I agree with Dr.
Miller. I find, especially in our State, that bees that have
been wintered indoors, and have been fed this sour honey,
although reboiled, it is dangerous ; but where they are out-
doors you have more chance of their sweetening it up ; but
a good, wholesome honey is by far the best.

Pres. York— I want to introduce Emerson T. Abbott, of
Missouri. They had a wreck on the road he came on, and
he was delayed in getting here.

Mr. Abbott — I wasn't in the wreck, but the other fellow

was. and we had the pleasure of sitting for GK hours wait-
ing to know whether we would ever get out of it or not. If
you have ever sat that way you can imagine how we felt.
We were thinking about you. I am glad to see you all,
glad to be with you, and hope to have something to say
later.

(Continued next week. )

I Contributed Articles.

A " National Honey Exchange " Outlined.

BY G. B. DUDLEY.

A THERE should be a great central organization which
I we will name " The National Honey-Producers' Ex-
' change," with a General Manager to keep in touch
with the State and local associations in order to send their
honey to the various markets of the country, thus avoiding
glutting the central markets as is now the case.

2. The National Exchange shouldemploy as f/ieira,^en/s
the Citrus Fruit Exchange, at the lowest possible rate ob-
tainable, to gather in the honey from all sections of the
country not easily reached by the National Exchange, and
sell the same in the best markets nearest to where it is pro-
duced ; also, to handle such other honey as the Manager of
the National Exchange might turn in to it if it should be-
come necessary for him to do so.

3. State and local associations should be formed to
grade the honey and ship it according to the rules and in-
structions of the National Exchange, or those of the Citrus
Fruit Exchange, where it is more easy to deal with the lat-
ter. These State and local associations should, of course,
choose local managers who should look out for home inter-
ests, and keep in touch with the General Manager of the
National Exchange.

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

Each association shall have its stamp or seal to be used
where the National association has no proper representative.
Also each case of honey shall bear the number of its pro-
ducer, so that poor honey can be traced back to the packer.
When local associations can sell their honey at prices equal
to or higher than they could get by selling through the Na-
tional association, f/iey should be expected to do so.

The Citrus Fruit Exchange having agents and build-
ings in nearly every city of the country, the National, by
employing them as their agents, would be able to cover the
whole country from the start, thus giving sections too re-
mote from the National organization a chance to sell their
honey through a proper channel.

When the National Association grows to cover the
whole country themselves, they could drop the Citrus Fruit
Exchange.

The National would establish agencies wherever desir-
able.

It seems reasonable that the new California National
Honey-Producers' Association could make a proper bargain
with the Citrus Fruit Exchange, and get in a vporking basis
for this season. Let them harness the successful Citrus
Fruit Exchange into their work, as their agents, and they
will be a success from the start.

Will not the California National carry out this pro-
gram ? Arapahoe Co., Colo.

Extra-Large Hives and Long- Lived Queens.

BY DR. E. GALLUP.

NOW, Yon Yonson, let me have a whack at you. You
say, why not rear a queen in a barn, and then you
could have one big enough for a pony to ride on. Well,
you see that would not work. On the same daj- we took the
honey out of the house, spoken of in another article, my
son had the ofi^er of a colony on the roof of a tank-house,
providing we gave the man the honey. So my son brought
the colony home on the wheelbarrow. They were in quite
a large box. We transferred comb and brood enough to
partly fill 3 frames.

Now, Yon, you can readily see they were in a barn, to

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

163

all intents and purposes, for they could not concentrate the
animal heat sufficiently to keep the wax soft enough to w rk
it into comb, providing they gather enough nectar to manu-
facture the wax. Wax is secreted whenever bees gatlier
more than they have place to store it, etc. They were in a
semi-starving condition, for a part of the brood had per-
ished.

Well, I put them into an 8-frame hive, adjusted a divi-
sion-board close up to the 3 frames, fed them a pint of
melted sugar, and they went to work. This was the middle
of August ; it is now Dec. 13, and they are a good colony.
I have fed them in all about 15 cents worth of sugar, as
they could gather enough to live on, but not sufficient to
build comb. Whenever I inserted an empty frame in the
center of the cluster, for them to fill, I fed them a pint of
melted sugar, and the queen occupied with eggs every cell
that was empty ; the bees were compelled to secrete wax, as
they could not get rid of it in any other way.

The queen was large and prolific. I used repeatedly to
raise the comb from the hive she was on, and watch her
hunt for a place to deposit her eggs, and see her extend-
ing at the rate of 5 or 6 eggs per minute from her abdomen.
Mind you, that was the only colony I had in the yard, and
no ready-made comb to give her. Now, I wish to ask you
chaps that are afraid of a queen laying herself to death.
How much more would it have shortened her life to have
laid those eggs in cells, than it did to drop them on the bot-
tom-board ? At some future time I may have something to
say on the subject of a queen shortening her life by laying
too much.

A friend living at Tustin, paid boys 25 cents each for
picking up some 50 swarms ; he put them in common-sized
hives, but used no division-board, and the consequence is,
many of them are weak, and some 15 of the number "came
up missing " entirely. Now, if he had used a division-board
judiciously, all would have built up to profitable colonies.
Now, Yon, you can see they were in a barn, to all intent
and purposes, as they cannot build outside of the cluster of
bees. Neither will the queen deposit eggs where there is
not sufficient warmth for them to hatch. In building up
small swarms to profitable colonies, if you have a good
queen — and a poor one is not worth keeping, anyway, al-
ways use a division-board. Then insert your extra frames,
ready-made comb, or foundation, in the center of the clus-
ter ; but do not move too fast or you may spoil the whole ;
keep the increase more than the decrease, and you will win
in the end.

I once made 16 colonies from one, in Iowa, in one sea-
son. They built all their own comb, filled their hive with
honey, and all came through the winter in splendid condi-
tion. Remember at that time I knew nothing of comb
foundation, and I reared all my 15 queens by natural swarm-
ing, and all from that one queen, so all were good ones.

I am often asked how many colonies one ought to pur-
chase to begin bee-keeping with. My reply is usualy one
or two good colonies, and make the balance; in the mean-
time you will be gaining valuable experience.

I began bee-keeping in Canada 65 miles north of Ver-
mont ; have kept bees in Wisconsin, in Northern Iowa,
and now in California. So I know all does not depend on
locality, the kind of hive, etc. But the management has a
great deal to do with success or failure in any locality, as
well as the season. Bees are managed in these localities so
as to be self-sustaining even in poor seasons, when you
know how. I confess that bee-keeping in some respects is
quite different here from what it is in the East. There,
when you have hot weather you often have it hot and sultry
night and day, while here in this beautiful valley it is not
so. The sun may shine quite hot, but there is a splendid
cool and refreshing breeze directly from the Ocean, so it is
always cool in the shade, and always cool nights. In Can-
ada, Wisconsin, and Iowa, I have sweltered in the daytime,
and could get no real rest at night. I would get up in the
morning all fagged out and completely exhausted : while
here in the hottest weather we sleep a sound, restful sleep,
and get up rested and refreshed and strengthened for our
days labor. It is an old man's Paradise. You may go to
bed at night thinking it may not be hot, and go to sleep un-
der a very light cover, but I always have an extra cover at
the back of the bed, so as to draw it over me before morn-
ing, if I need it.

Now, what I am getting at is this : You want and extra-
strong colony of bees to store honey in the supers to good
advantage. They may begin storing, but before morniiiT
they are compelled to withdraw and cluster closely arouiul
the brood, to keep up the necessary warmth, and that maK^
it late before they get back to work in the super. Thati^

why I lost a fine batch of quei. ii-cells in the wire queen-cell
protector, although I placed them well in the center of the
cluster.

A writer in the Pacific Bee Journal, who lived north of
the Tehachapi Mountains, during a 3 days' cold north wind,
stated that he lost fully one-half of his bees in the 3 days'
blow. You see, they had to withdraw from the super and
pack closely around the brood-nest in order to protect the
brood. You see, Mr. Greiner, he jumped at that conclusion.
No mistake about it. He had been extracting, and the
supers were full of bees, but when he looked in the supers
after the wind, and found them all empty of bees, he has-
tened to write about his bad luck. We cannot pile up supers
here, to good advantage, 3 or 4 stories high, because if we
open a place for ventilation at the top, it causes a cold draft
of air like the draft up a chimney, and that compels the bees
to stay below to protect the brood. Orange Co., Calif.

Shaken Swarms— Cause of Poor Queens.

BY GKO. W. STINKBRING.

I WISH to write a little in regard to artificial swarming,
by shaking. I will just say that it is not new to me, as I
have practiced it more or less for 30 years and have never
failed to get as good a " swarm " as by the natural process,
in fact it is very nearly the same as natural swarming.

My plan is to wait until the bees commence to swarm
naturally, and then I go to the ones that I want to have
swarm and open the hive, and look the frames over until I
find the one that the queen is on, and set that frame in the
new hive, place it on the old stand, and carry the old hive
away a rod or so. And as I do this about the middle of a
nice day, the most of the working bees are out gathering,
and will return to the new hive. I also geuecally shake a
part of the bees off 3 or 4 more of the other frames in addi-
tion to the one that the queen is on. A swarm made in this
way is always sure to stay and be contented, and give no
further trouble. The only trouble that I meet with now is
that the seasons have changed so that is hard to tell what .
part of the year the harvest, if there is any, or the swarm-
ing season, will come in.

So far as the queen question is concerned that has been
agitated so much of late, I am inclined to think the main
cause of poor queens is either because they have been reared
in poorly supplied nuclei, or by in-and-in breeding — quite
likely both. As for my part, I have bought quite a number
of queens, and never received very good ones, the best one
that I ever had being away back in 1868. She was a pure
Italian, issued with 2 swarms, mated with a black drone.
That one gathered honey and sent off swarms when other
bees were starving.

I also find that bees do not go as far to gather honey as
most people think they do. About a mile, or nearly so, will
cover most of the distance. I keep the most of my bees
about two miles from home, and see quite a difference.

Wayne Co., O.

The Growing of Basswood Trees.

BY J. D. GEHRING.

IN his answer to " Wisconsin " (page 810 — 1902) concern-
ing the propagation of basswood trees, Dr. Miller says,
among other things, that seedling trees never live to the
second year. He also says :

" This year I saw hundreds of them when they were 2 or
3 inches high, and I've just been out looking over the
ground and I cannot find a single plant. What becomes of
them is a mystery to me. Judging from the freedom with
which these have sprung up, I should say it is best to plant
in the fall [of the year], covering the seed from '4 to >i an
inch. "

" Wisconsin " should have been informed that success
in raising of basswood trees depends somewhat upon the
locality — even in the same State — because basswood trees
do not grow naturally anywhere and everywhere, though
they can be sprouted, if properly treated, almost anywhere.

Now, if I had " Wisconsin " to deal with I would talk to
him about like this :

1. Plant your basswood seeds about the time when Na-
ture plants them, and in the kind of soil in which they most
readily and numerously "come up" and flourish into bloom-
ing trees. If there are basswood trees in the " woods " in
your locality, you can easily find out what kind of soil they

164

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

flourish best in. Well, I advise you to plant the seeds in
the same kind of soil, and no other — no, not even should
you have to go a day's journey to get it, or get along with-
out basswood honey.

3. I think this question would be properly answered by
saying: A basswood tree is not limited to a specified num-
ber of years before it begins to bloom ; that depends more
upon soil, climate, local conditions, and — care, if " raised
by hand."

The proper care-taking— the " nursing" — of the sprout-
ings, until they begin to be large enough to take care of
themselves when transplanted to their permanaut location,
is of so much importance that success depends largely upon
it. One part of the process of nursing consists in trans-
planting the baby trees when 3 or 4 inches high, to a place
suitable for them — a place where they will be sheltered
from icy blast and scorching sun. And, wherever the
nurslings may be put, be sure to screen them from rabbits
and bovines.

Mulching must not be forgotten, but — look out for mice !
Mice are also fond of basswood seeds, and are to a great ex-
tent responsible for the remarkable scarcity of volunteer
basswood sproutings where flourishing mother-trees cast
showers of seeds. • Douglas Co., Kans.

The Afterthought.

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlosses.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

RAGB OF SWARMING IN CANADA.

Interesting to learn from the exceedingly well-informed
Mr. McEvoy, that Ontario had its greatest rage of swarm-
ing last summer. T'other way in most places — yet similar
cause. Very unpropitious conditions stop all swarming. A
little better and there will be a few swarms. Somewhat bet-
ter, but still rather poor so far as honey is concerned, and they
may rear brood and young queens — and swarm and swarm
and swarm — just because they can do that and can't do
much else. When the very propitious conditions come they
oft get interested in piling up the surplus and forget about
swarming. Page 70.

VARIATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKER-BEES.

The theory which Stachelhausen explains on page 70
should have sober consideration, and not be poh-poheddown
— too near being the only thing in the field on a very diffi-
cult and important problem. When there are variations and
improvements in the worker-bee how can these improve-
ments be transmitted, since the worker has neither son nor
daughter to transmit them to ? I imagine that some read-
ers do not even yet get the idea advanced by Mr. S. Let's
start with the fact that certain worms can be cut in two in
the middle and by healing of the wounds we have two
worms instead of one. Next let us conjure up a worm of
fine and remarkable qualities. One end lays eggs and the
other end secretes honey. Both end eats, but sometimes
the egg-laying end is also fed a-la-canary-bird by the other
end — fluid circulation throughout the whole. How can our
worm transmit its qualities— variations included ? Same
way as any other organism does, however that may be.
Next our worm gets cut in two. Getting well all right, the
two sections, for mutal help and advantage, continue to live
in the same vicinity. No more commingling of fluids by
way of a central waist ; but the two parts mutually give
each other abundant portions of the circulating fluid— /jfrc
alleged to amount to precisely the same thing. Does it ?
Looks so. Mere fastening together doesn't seen to promise
anything.

Now we do not know precisely and absolutely all that
the worker-bees feed to the queen ( " More things in heaven
and earth, Horatio, than are dreamed of in your phi-
losophy " ), but the theory demands that we consider the in-
terchange practically the same thing as if worker and
queen were by a common waist nicely joined together as
one being. In the latter case transmission of improvements
would not worry us— why should it then in the real case, if
the case is precisely the same thing practically ? In other
words, the queen and the workers, in the breeding season,
constitute what is really one organism although not so vis-
ible. The result is that anything organic which affects any

part of the organism affects the reproductive part also. Do
I Relieve all this ? No. What then ? Well, as a certain
fellow worker has been known to remark, I don't know.

MR. WHITNEY AND THE SISTERS' HAT-PIN.

And so Mr. Whitney is going to ornament his masculine
head-gear with hat-pins, to furnish the bees with objects to
attack, so they will not steer for his ej-es. Ingenious Whit-
ney 1 But if the sisters should take it as an affront, and
get after him with the hat-pin a-la-bayonet, he'd prefer the
bees. Page 78.

OI^D COI,ONY OF BEES.

A log hive that dates back to 1821 is something we don't
see in every apiary picture — and 90-year-old colonies are not
at all plenty. But I note the language to be " only one is
left " instead of only the original one is left. If Mr. Barb
only means that the family of colonies has been kept track
of and kept separate for 90 years, that does not amount to
so much. Let up on the lines a little more and behold we
all have bees thousands of years old. Pages 81 and 84.

UNCLE SAM'S APIARIAN STATISTICS.

And so Uncle Sam, in his last census, has actually got
some State statistics about bees that look as if of some
value, and not worse than worthless, as some of us would
incline to expect. Here and there bees taken and here and
there bees not taken, makes a queer result when you come
to add it up. Having got begun. Uncle Sam may improve.
Page 83.

Our Bee-HeeDin^ Sisters \

Conducted bij EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Information About Bee-Culture.

Please send information regarding bee-culture.
Lake Co., 111. Letitia Jones.

Your letter is so vague it leaves one in the dark as to
the kind of information you want. I don't know whether
you are at present keeping bees or are thinking of going
into the bee-business. If you will put your question or
questions a little more definitely, stating just what you
want to know, I will be glad to help you if I can.

If you wish general instruction in bee-keeping it could
hardly be given in this way. Your best plan would be to
get a good text-book and study it thoroughly. I will ask
the publishers to send you a catalog of text-books, any one
of which will be helpful.

Early Spring' Care of Bees.

Almost spring, almost time for the hum of the bees
again. I always look forward with a great deal of interest
to the time when the bees can be taken out of the cellar.

One of the first things to do after they are out is to see
that they have plenty in their larder — this will also hold
true for those wintered out-of-doors. Probably more bees
are starved in the month of April than during the whole of
the preceding winter.

It does seem too bad to get them through the winter all
right, let them start a big lot of brood, and then let the
whole business die of starvation.

You can lift the cover, look over the tops of the frames
without lifting any out, and if you see sealed honey there is
no immediate danger. If you don't see any sealed honey it
looks suspicious, and you would better examine further by
lifting out the frames. Then supply their wants if in need,
or likely to be in need soon.

Spring is the time for watchfulness. Keep watch.
Don't imagine that you have done your whole duty if you
have seen to it that your bees have just enough stores for
immediate use. If bees have a full larder they seem to
have more heart, and go at brood-rearing with a will, and a
big lot of brood means good, strong colonies ready for the
harvest.

If you keep watch you will be surprised to see what a
big lot of honey is used up by the bees in rearing brood.

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

185

It is nice to be able to take out empty combs and re-
place them with combs filled solid full of honey — the nicest
and most satisfactory way of feeding- that I know <it. But
you have to look ahead and have your combs of hoi:oy in
order to do this. We have about 250 combs filled full of
honey ready to give our bees this spring if they need ihem.
I gave myself a little pat on the back as I wrote th.it, and
thought, " Doesn't that sound well ? 250 nice combs of
honey." But let me whisper to you, I don't think we ever
had so many before !

It takes a good bit of foresight and determination to
have these combs of sealed honey ready for use in the
spring. Make up your mind good and strong nozv tliat you
will be ready HdM'/ spring, if you have to set aside part of
your colonies next summer to do nothing else but to fill up
brood-combs full of sealed honey.

Preventing- Bees from Flying!

One day last week I was called to the telephone, and a
woman wanted to know what she could do to prevent her
bees from flying out of the hives. She wanted to know if
there was not some way by which she could fasten them in.
She said many of them were dropping on the ground, and
she was afraid that they were lost.

Poor little bees ! Think of fastening them in the hives
and preventing them from flying when it was the very first
time since last fall that they had had a chance to fly ! It
was a beautiful day, too. The bees were, no doubt, having
a grand time, and she little realized the good it was doing
them. It is a little strange that while we have had an
unusually mild winter, there was no day after November
warm enough for a flight until Feb. 26. After such long
confinement no doubt some bees would fly out never to re-
turn again, but where .one was lost dozens would be bene-
fited. I wonder how often we fail to recognize our bless-
ings just as that woman did.

A Good Furniture Polish.

For a good furniture polish take one pint of turpentine,
add two ounces of beeswax cut in small pieces. Use a tin
basin and set it in the oven when not very warm, so as to
melt the wax without burning the turpentine. Stir con-
stantly. Apply to the furniture with a woolen rag, and rub
vigorously with another. — Chicago Daily News.

^ia,js,js,js,ja,jaM

Questions and Answers.

CONDUCTED BT

OR. O. O. aHZLLEIt, JUareago, Ul.

[The Qaestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail. — Editor.]

Transferring Bees— 8-Frame Hives.

1. I have a large box full of bees. I see in ttie book how to trans-
fer, but this box has 2 holes in front, and a hole in the top, over
which to put a box to get honey. -Vow if I stop up the holes in front
and put a patent hive on top, and drum, would they go into the hive ;
The hive would hang over the box a good deal.

2. Why do the prime swarms always swarm again in a month after
hiving ?

3. I use the S-frame hives. Are they too small for comb honey ;
I think I will put supers op, the end of this week, for the bues are
very busy on almond, acacia, and gum-trees. You would think they
were swarming to hear them to-day. I had to open all their entrances
wide a week ago.

The worst time is in August and September; the wasps ^,'0 for
them so I have to close them up. If I don't look out they will turn
the bees out of the hive. I am getting Holy Land queens to iry, but
will keep my brown ones for they do not get mad, and are tin. work-
ers. A man has some Italian bees a distance from here, but mine beat
them, and store better honey and do better capping. I will .-i ;id you
a box this spring, to see how you like it. The people that 1 " Tk for
let me keep bees on their place, and give me two hours in tli- after-
noon and most of .Sunday, so I do well. I love bees, and wat' '. them
all day on Sunday, and fix them up. 1 got stung once on ii:e chin,
but it was my fault. I took a lot of bees out of a roof, n- no one
would tackle them, and I got \h percent. I took them out io m min-

utes, they were under the shiu;:!
when I have time.

I have another lot to take out
Calikoknia.

Answers.— 1. I'm afraid they would be rather slow about going
up through so small a hole. Of course It would be no harm to try it,
and if it didn't work then you could mm the hive upside down. It
doesn't matter much if the two hives are not close-fitting. Smoke
them a little at first, so they will not come out and stingyou, and
after they get fairly started they won't mind if the fit is imperfect.

2. Oh, they don't. In niosi, places it is a very rare thing tor a
prime swarm to send out a swiuui till the ne.xt year. It is something
unusual if yours always do so.

3. No, there are probaljly more 8- frame hives used for comb honey
than any other size. But for best success you will need two stories
for a strong colony up to the time of putting on supers.

Using Unfinished Sections— Worldng wltli Tents.

1. I have about 300 unfinished sections left from last year, and do
not know whether I ought to use them this season or not. I tried
some last year but was not satisfied. Some time ago I read an argu-
ment between Doolittle and someone else, the former stating that it
worked all right, while the latter said it was not. What is your opin-
ion ?

2. I see some advocate using tents while working with bees. Do
not bees in trying to fly get entangled in the netting ! Illinois.

Answers. — 1. Of those who have made any observation in the
matter, probably the majority have had the same experience as you,
that unless the least and last bit of honey has been cleaned out by the
bees before it has granulated, the sections will not be satisfactory to
use again. There are some (but I think very few) who say they have
had good results. Whatever unfiiiished sections you have at the close
of the coming seasbn, plan to have emptied out by the bees, and such
sections will be of great value as baits at the beginning of the honey
harvest.

2. I never had the slightest trouble of that kind, and I never
heard of such trouble.

. .*-•-»

Lazy Bees on Old Combs.

1. I have several colonies of bees on very old and almost jet-black
combs, that are very lazy. Could I get them to work by giving them
fresh, clean foundation to draw out, or give them drawn-out combs I

3. When is the best time to do so, and how i Wisconsin.
Answ-er. — 1. No, indeed, don't get into your head the notion that

old black combs make bees lazy. If they did, most of my bees would
be very lazy. . . ,_,..,..

2. The best time to get new combs drawn out is in the height oi
brood- rearing and harvest; but so long as combs are straight and in
good condition I would never think of replacing them because they

are old.

^ • »

Making Increase toy Dividing.

I have kept bees for 12 years, and had foul brood among them all
the tiiue. I lost all of thefn once— 43 colonies. I lost the most of
them a second time, about 30 colonies, before I learned that it was
foul brood, and how to manage it. I have since made bee-keeping a
success. . ^ ,. , T

My neighbors would not do as I told them, and their bees died. 1
commenced the winter with 60 colonies, killing 12 that were infected.
The bees went through the shingle root of my honey-house, and robbed
some of the infected honey. .

1 I think the safest way would be to transfer the whole lot into
clean empty hives. (I thoroughly boil everything that the bees have
used). I would like to make 100 colonies from the (iO, and would like
to make as many as I can from a beautiful golden queen I have. My
bees are mostly blacks and hybrids. Can I start a colony with each
frames and starters, then carry away a strong colony when the bees
are flying strong, and place the hive with the frame of brood in its
place ;

2. Will the frame of brood and flying bees make a good colony «

3. Should I wait for queen-cells to be started before doing this*

4. Can I successfully smoke or drum the bees out of the hive with
crooked combs, without breaking the combs ;

5. How can I tell when I have the queen out of said hive if 1 do
not see her S ,_ • v

G. Would it be safe to leave the young hatching bees in such a
hive to take care of the young brood, in swarming-time with a good
honey-flow ? ,

7. If so, can I shake these young bees after they hatch out, ana
start a good colony from them !

>s. How long should I wait for the bees to fill up with honey before
I shake them into another hive.

9. What is tne best method of making them fill up ;

10. Also tell me the best way to drum them into another hive,
when the combs are too crooked to lift out. Oregon.

Answers.— 1. Yes, but it is hardly the best way.

2. It may, if the colony removed is strong enough, and if the work
is done early enough in the season.

3 You may have to wait pretty late for queen-cells to be started.
Let me suggest this ; Begin in fruit-bloom to build up the colony that
has your best queen by giving it brood from other colonies, the brood
as well sealed as possible, adding more brood every few days. No

186

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

harm it j'ou build it up three or four stories high. After you have
built it up strong, let it stand a weel! or more, so there shall be no
very young brood in the hive except from the choice iiueen. Then
take three or more frames of brood with the queen and adhering bees
and put them in a hive on a new stand. A week later you will find in
the queenless colony a lot of sealed queen-cells. You can now take
from this hive a frame of brood and bees and proceed with the plan
you proposed, although it may be better to use two frames of brood
for each nucleus. Let each one have two or more sealed cells, so that
they may select the best, and see that the cells are centrally located so
there is no danger of their being chilled.

4. Yes.

5. I don't know of any quick and easy way. It you give to the
bees a comb or combs in which you are sure there are no ffggs, the
comb being in good condition for the queen to occupy, you will find
eggs present within 10 minutes or so, it the queen is there. It you
are experienced, you can also tell by the acitons of the bees whether
the queen is present or not. If no queen is with them they will be-
come very uneasy in the course of 10 or 15 minutes.

6. No, if no Ijees are left, a cool night would result in chilled
brood, and much of the brood would starve before the hatching bees
would feed them. Besides, the hive would be a good mark for robbers.

7. You may do so if you leave in the hive (or return to it) enough
bees to take good care of the brood. That is, you can drum them,
but not shake them.

8 and 9. You can't shake bees out of a hive unless .vou can lift out
the frames separately. But you can drum them out, and they will fill
up while being drummed, or you can wait two or three minutes for
them to flu up after you have drummed perhaps five minutes, and
then you can go on drnmming.

10. Pound on the hive with your fists or with two sticks.

Basswood Trees.

Where can I get basswnod trees or seed to start trees 1 How is a
good way to start a few trees i and what kind of soil is the best for
them ? Illinois.

Answer. — Any nurseryman can get them for you, and sometimes
they are advertised in bee-papers. Any soil in your State that will
grow other trees will probably do. It is a ditlicult thing, I believe, to
grow them from seed, and a common way to get a start is to dig up
the yoting plants where they have started in the woods.

Catnip and Sweet Clover— Moving Bees.

1. What is the best time of year to sow catnip and sweet clover
seed in Kentucky, where it has to be sown on waste land and public
highways, and depend on it being trampled in by stock.

2. Should they be sown in firm or loose soil.

3. Will catnip sown now, or in the spring, afford bee-pasture next
season ? Of course, I know the clover will not.

4. What is best, or will any bee-plant grow in the mountains ?
Near me are thousands of acres of what we call " knob-land," most of
the timber has been cut oil, leaving the ground pretty thickly covered
with small growth of briars and brushes. Now what I want to know
is, whether I can afford to spend a few dollars throwing seed on this
waste brush-land. Of course, it will have to be sown down among
the leaves to sprout it. Please advise me.

5. As per advice la the Bee Journal a few issues ago, I moved
from their summer stands 2 weak colonies of Italians (the rest of my

bees being black) to a place some 50 feet distant, and protected from
the north and east winds. The weather has been bad, and bees have
not Mown since I moved them 4 weeks ago, until day before yesterday,
and 1 found that many of my pretty Italians had gone back to the old
stand, and findingit gone, had entered the nearest hives and were be-
inj; killed. It's a lesson learned, however. But is there any way to
prevent this ? I shall have to move them from where they are now,
back on the summer stand after winter is over, and I dislike losing
any of them, for I want to Italianize my entire stock from these two
colonies. Can you suggest how to move them, or what to do to cause
them to return to the hive to which they belong ? Kentucky.

Answers.— 1. Any time from the time seed is ripe in the tall till
vegetation starts in the spring. Of course it will not be well to be too
late in the spring, and at least tor sweet clover it will be all the better
to have the seed tramped in quite early in the fall. But you will
hardly find the catnip seed succeed as well as the sweet clover when
subjected to constant tramping. Catnip does better with some kind
of protection, as in fence-corners and hedgerows.

2. Sweet clover seems to do best in very firm soil. I hardly think
it is the same with catnip.

3. Catnip is a perennial, continuing permanently when once
started. I think you can not count on bloom the first season, and I
thiuk it will increase in size and strength after the second year.

4. I should be very hopeful as to sweet clover, trying catnip on a
less extensive scale.

5. Shut the bees in the hive before moving them, keeping them im-
prisoned a longer or shorter time according to the weather. It you
leave them till the weather is quite warm, then a shorter time of con-
finement will do, for it confined too long they may smother. Even
when it is quite warm, if you close the hive after they stop fiying in
the evening or before they fly out in the morning, there will be little
danger of any harm from conflning them till the middle of the day.
You can move them any time while confined in the hive, perhaps all
the better toward the close of their confinement, handling them rather
roughly in moving, and pounding on the hive before opening. As
an additional precaution j-ou might set up a board before the entrance
of each hive, so that the minute a bee leaves the entrance it will bump
its head against the board and have its attention called to the change
in surroundings.

Slmmins' Forced Swarms.

Please inform me what Slmmins means by giving the brood-combs
removed to the " other hive deprived of part of its poplation." Does
he mean in a second story, for there would be no room in the first if
only one-halt of the bees were taken away ? Or does he mean to take
halt the bees, with i/w curnbti, from the second colony ?

And does he mean in the first colony to fill up with as many
comb-guides as theie are brood-combs removed ?

A neighbor loaned me a copy of the American Bee Journal, and
the account of " Slmmins' Forced Swarms" interested me.

New Jersey.

Answer. — The first colony has all but one or two combs of brood
taken from it, retaining all its own bees, and receiving halt the bees
of the second colony. Frames with starters take the place of the
removed brood-combs. The second colony has half ot its bees taken,
but none ot its brood, and it gets all the brood taken from the first
colony. Ot course, it must have a second story to receive the brood,
and it will need one or two extra frames to fill up. This refers to what
is said on page 67.

23 Colonies Bees For Sale.

All in dovetail LangstrotU hives, wired frames
with full sheets foundation, 2 supers on each
hive, with modern super furniture; ZH empty
hives, brood-chamber with full straigrht combs
on wired frames, combs in good condition; 2
furnished supers oa each hive; lot of other bee-
keepers' supplies, wax-extractor, etc.

12A2t FRANKLIN MOORE, Bailey vllle. III.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when -writins

Paw Paws.

r Delicious as bananas or muskmellons. Trees
beautiful on lawn or g-arden. Prolific bearers.
Seed, per package, 10 cents, postpaid.
Address and benefit,

ROCKY BEACH ORPHANAGE

LANSING. MICH.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writing

A Grand Apple-Tree Opportunity.

We trust our readers are iivnilint: tbi'iiiselves in
large numbers ot the Special Apple-'l'rei' Sale of the
Harrison Nurseries, it always pays in buy from the
Harrison people. A special rare opportunity '
fered in Their sale ot" tuls
out an immense stock <_
rooted trees of all Roof! vi
show the superiority uf
duce. Every shipment kih-? i. u iii p:i<ki il in a supe-
rinr manner and is uuaranti'L'd u, ;m i iv sately any
where in the country. Write I'nr iheir sin.'cial api)le-
tree list, and send in your order If you have not al-
ready done so. Address them, llanisoii Nurseries-
"'""""'■ ■ ti the American

Tney i
, hualthy, strong-

FROM MANY FIELDS |

Methods of Rearing Queens.

Our first instructions given by M. (iuinljy
were very economical. He said just as good
queens could be reared in full colonies. Hav-
ing full confidence in this veteran in bee-keep-
ing, I followed his directions, but from lack
of experience I was not as successful as I
might have been. So I concluded to try a
larger comb, 5x8 inches. These were more
successful, and having had more experience,
I succeeded in rearing some fairly good
queens which were used to Italianize som
colonies ot common bees,
houey-flow ceased, these sm
became destitute of honey, ;;
and fed would swarm out
queens were old enough t
These small hives do not hold bees enough to
keep the temperature at I he proper degree,
and the queens may suffei- from cold if a few
rainy days come.

At the present time quei-iis-oells are started
in full, strong colonies, anl no combs are

But when the

all colonies soon

mdif not watched

about the time

lay, or before.

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hena lay. Keep them
laying. For hatching and broud-
ing use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders ^ built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS '

I.. A. Banta. Llffonler, Indians

46A20t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HIGiilNSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keeper, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. W. I>. FULTON,
Catalog Free. c;arden City, Kan.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may hav^' part of it If you work
for us. Uncle Saiii'B pfoultry product paj'S
that sum. Send lOe for Bamples and partie-
ularH. We furuipli capital to start you in

business. Draptr Publishing Co..Clilcago,IU.

BASSWOOD TREES.

One to two feet 25 for $1.C0; 100 for $3.00

Two to three feet 25 for 1.25; 100 for 4.0O

Three to four feet 25 for 1.50; 100 for 5.00

12A3t a. W. PETRIE, Fairmont, Minn.

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERIC \N BEE JOURNAL.

187

used in the yard smaller than CtxVi inches,
and 3 or 4 are used in the hive for the queen
to hatch and become fertile.

I have no trouble to rear queens that are
prolitic ; in fact, we get the best results from
a moderately prolitic queen, one that will just
keep a loframe hive well stocked with brood
and bees, and not get the swarming fever.

I cannot understand why Dr. Gallup has
had so much worse luck in buying queens
than anyone else. I have purchased quite a
number of queens, and have had but one that
was not satisfactory.

I am feeding some light colonies syrup
made from sugar and honey. They are in the
cellar. I will report results in the spring.

Page Co., Iowa. J. L. Strong.

A Coppection— Dp. Gallup Sick.

Tell " Porto Rico" that I measured the
banana leaf with a square and pole, and by
some mistake the American Bee Journal had
it .T feet and 7 inches, instead of 2 feet and 7
inches, I believe, or perhaps it was 3 feet and
T inches. I made a memorandum of it at the
time but lost it, and the frost has killed the
plant.

I am very sick, and don't expect to get well.
Dictated by Dr. E. Gallup.

Orange Co., Calif., March 9.

[We hope Dr. Gallup won'tget discouraged.
We know he is not as young as he once was,
but in that land of " The Fountain of Youth"
where he dwells, we hope he may live and be
happy for many years yet. Still, when one is
around the 80's as is Dr. Gallup, he naturally
would not expect to be spared much longer in
this world. — Editor.]

Bee-Keeping in Oregon and Wash-
ington.

On page 58 is an inquiry which I wish to
answer to the best of my ability.

In the first place, Oregon and Washington
are divided by the Cascade Mountains into two
distinct climates. That on the east side of
the mountains is dry and cold, more like Kan-
sas and Nebraska, and is called •■ Bunch
Grass," while to the west is a warm, wet cli-
mate, and is called " Web Foot," and as space
nor time will permit me any more than
to take up one section at this writing I will
proceed to tell something of " Web Foot."

During January, February and March it is
rain and snow at least three-quarters of the
days. April is generally over one-half rain.
May, showers; June, principally good
weather; July, August, and most of Septem-
ber dry without rain; the latter part of Sep-
tember and October, fine fall weather. No-
vember and December are rain, and some
snow about Christmas.

Now, as to the bees: In the Willamette
Valley they start off well in the spring, but
are not able to keep it up, as there is too
much acreage in small grain, so the bees till
up their hives off of dog-fennel, and other
very poor honey during the latter part of the
year. And I wish to say that I have an out-

800 lbs. of Honey One Season

From one col.; 5 tons comb honey from 33 col",
one season. First to aavertise bees that would
store honey from red clover 30 years a^fo. Fine
Queen Mothers a specialty . Orig^inator of Gold-
dust strain of Rose Comb Euf? Leghorns-
largest and best layers of all Leg-horns. My
circular tells you all. F, BOOMHOWER.
12A2t CiALU i-viLLi-:, X.V.

BOYS

fit WANT WORKERS

Eoj-B, Girls, old and yimnftaUko,

HI(;GINSVILLE-:BKE-SrPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market. (Hve us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Pro^^kessive Bee-
Keepek, price, 50 cents per vear. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotaloe Free. Round Rock, Tex.

PERSONAIiTo SUBSCRIBERS

w

WILL SKM) to every subscriber or render of tlip Aiiht
package oi v !r,«-OKK. by miiil. POSTPAIIJ. sufflcient
Ithin one iimiith >. time alter receipt, If the receiver »;nn irui
lore ^ood tbtui all the druKS and dopes of quacks or Ki>"d doci
again carefully, and understand ihut we

HlONK DOLLAR

Head til
and not before. \Vr lake all the rlskfj

ing. V1T.E-OHK in n natural, hard, adamantine rock-like Hubstan.
like gold and silvrr. and requires about twenty years for oxid
and magnesium, iimt one package

ed fr

■ sulphur
nf< or the
to which
Itbeuma-
is. Liver,

L package.

it'ral— ore— mi
, . ..It contains I n

^, . equal in medicinal strengtii uiid curative v:ii(i

ost powerful, efticiicious mineral water, drunk fresh at the sprint.'s. It is a geoh^cn ;i
there Is nothing aiUlert or taken from, it is the marvel of ihe century for curing hih h
tism, Bright's Disease. Blood Po'sonlng, Heart Trouble. Diphtheria, Catarrh and Thn
Kidney and Bladiler Ailments. Stomach and Female Disorders, La Orlppc, Malarial 1<
tration and General Debility, as thousands testify, and as no one. answering thia. writi
denv after using. Uive age, ills and sex.

This offer will cluillenge the attention and consideration, and afterward the gratitude of every living
person who desires tietter health, or who suffers pains, ills and diseases whch have detlerl the medical world
and grown wort-e witli age. We care not for your skepticism, but uslc onlv vour investigation, and at our
expense, regardless of what ills you liave, by sending to us for a package. You must not write on a postal
card. In answer to tliis, address,
SE3t THEO. NOEL COMPANY, Dep't J. P., 527, 529, 531 W. North Ave., Chicago, III.

Please mention Bee joumai ■when ■writing.

Do You Know """"'^ '"'"

You Way Miss ?

The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee $ .50

The National Fruit Grower 50

The American Poultry Journal 50

All for 50 Cents.

'THE NATIONAL FRUIT GROWER " is the best fruit paper published.

'THE AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL " is one ot the oldest and best of its kind.

'THE MODERN FARMER "—well, we will let that speak for itself.

The American Bee Journal, NEW, and
ALL OF THE ABOVE, for

$1

Qlean'ngs, The nodern Farmer, and either (ft -J
the Fruit or Poultry paper <P-L

THE MODERN FARMER alone until January, 1904, ONLY 15 CENTS, to new suu-
SCRIBERS. SHOW THIS TO YOUR FRiENDsl SAMPLE FREE. Do it NOW. Address,

THE MODERN FARMER. St. Joseph, Mo.

We are tlie Largest Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Suplies in tlie Nortlif est

Send for catalog,

A

^e have tlie

Minneapolis, Minn.

Best' Goods, Lowest Prices, anil Best Sliippins; Facilities.

Please mention Bee Journal -svnen writm?

RAPE

It pays to sow Dwarf
Essex Rape which has
proved to be the most

valuable forajre plant in ex-
istence for Sheen, Hogs or
Cattle. Costs only about 35
yields 20 tons per acre. Our
, England, and is extra choice,
sample freeif you mention thia
'llustrated catalog oC

paper. Ask for cot';

Garden and Farm Seeds. Free for the

IOWA SEED COMPANY, DES MOINES, IOWA;

Hease mention Bee Joiimal "when wiitme

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We a^e authorized iobbiog- ag-ents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., lor Mlchigran. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON.

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Lj|28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time

to send in your Bees-

» ■i fi T~% •♦»*♦* wax. We are paying

paid for Beeswax. ^ ^isTivsleT

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Marslifleld ManuktnriDg Company.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BA^SWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write^for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t ■ Please mention Bee Journal when writina

188

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

THoysands oi Hives ■ Millions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipmeut.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wlscousin, U. S. A.

Fifty Years Development.

ohinery. the best k

THE RUMELY

Line of Threshing Hachine

■V .■(ivpl's thf ticM. It
the New Rumely Separa-
Engines, Wind Stackers, Self

;, t ic. All the up-to-date attach-
buylnp;. It

RUMELY CO., La Porte, Indiana.

Please mention Bee Journal when -writine

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
r> . „ .. «/.. . . purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest

Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

tVorkin^ tvax into Foiindatiou lor C'asli a. Ni>e<-iiilty. Iteestvax
al^xaj's wantert at liigrhest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

FOR THE BEST

-HIVES, S.nOKERS, EXI'RACXORS, FOUJ^TOAXIOHi -

Address,

Higg-idsville,
■ Mo.

UEK-KEEPKRi^'' SIJPPI.IKS,

i-A:Eij^Tj:ir iMiino.. oo.

1730 S. 13th Street,
" aha. Neb.

2415 fSrnest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.

Mnth's Special the Best \

A ciimplete line of LEWIS' .MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices. J ^

Regulation dovetail with Ji Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Cost.s more, but sold at
same price as regular.

l^ See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

at & Waldut St

, CINCIXNATI,'.OHIO.

yard in the Willamette Valley that I propose
to move to the mouutainsin the spring,^for
this very reason.

The mountains are tine for bee-pasturage
in a great many localities, but the weather is
somewhat worse, and I wish to say that in
this locality the black bee is by far supe-
rior to the Italian, as she will sleep quietly
while it rains, and is ready with a hive
full of bees when a ijood day comes; while
the Italians will push out and spring-dwindle
until there is notliing left of them. Then,
again, the Italians are more subject to dysen-
tery, as they gather so much poor stuff in the
fall that the blacks won't touch.

In the mountain the first is pollen from
hazel, then come soft maple, vine-maple, dog-
wood, blackberry, raspberry, and the most im-
portant is Chittim or L'ascara (which equals
the basswood in yield of honey for Oregon),
then comes a wonderful yielder known locally
as " Hreweed."

The market is good tor anybody who will
sell and deliver his own honey, as it sells read-
ily at from 10 to l.") cents per pound, or, in
other words, extracted honey sells at 10 cents
per pound, chunk honey in buckets at Viy^
cents, and nice white sections at 15 cents.

I speak from experience, being a bee-keeper
and surveyor, having traveled over a large
portion ot this country, and I wish to put in
a word of caution right here, that is, be care-
ful in locating, as a few miles makes a great
dillerence in climate and pasture. Then,
again, if you wish to keep many bees in any
locality, be sure you sow plenty of white
clover besides. George B. Whitcomb.

Linn Co., Oregon.

Results of the Season of 1902.

I started in the spring of 190'2 with 93 colo-
nies, and the bees did very well for a few
weeks, but it got very dry, and I had to feed
my bees up to June 5, in order to keep them
from starving, but on June !i they got their
first honey, and kept up until Nov. 10. I got
'JO, 100 pounds of honey, and increased to 1S~
colonies; 6000 pounds of it was in Danz. sec-
tions, and 14,100 was extracted, all very good.
The bees are doing nicely. I finished extract-
ing Jan. "29, 1903, and the bees brought in the
first pollen Feb. 1. I examined the colonies,
and was surprised to find from one to six
frames ot brood in nearly all.

The elm trees are blooming, and the maples
are nearly open. If we do not get a very cold
and backward month now we will have early
swarming, and the way things look now we
will have a good honey season.

The best colony gave me 10 3'2(4'x5)-section
supers of very nicely filled honey. The best
colony I run for extracted honey stored about
40O pounds. Now, had I not better figure

2I75

^BB^B OUR

MPVcenuine '
^' split hickory special

TOP BUGGY

l6aolddlrectfromint^miik<T6at»47.SOiiiid
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL

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chance, Just drop postal for catalogue.
OHIO < AKUi.*(.fc: aiF(i.

iintlnnntl, Ohio.

♦^'eajse mention Bee Journal "When "writULff,

That New Work

ON QUEti^-KEARI^a uow ready to mail. Con-
tains hundreds of new ideas on queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Brecdinn Queen. {.;.tX).

Address, HENRY .\LLEY. Wenham, Mass. '

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received-a car-load of those unique
supplies. These gfoods are equal to if not the
best on the market. < .ive us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Prcgkessive Bee-
Keepek, price 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.

WALKER-BREWSTER GRO. CO.,

4:3 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO

Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalo&it?e.

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

189

how much '20,100 pounds will maku to the
colotiy, or theie will be another rouud-up like
two years ago, and then not know for sure
how" much I had per colony ? As near as 1
can figure out, they averaged a little better
than 213 pounds per colony, which I think is
very well. I got about 225 pounds of bees-
wax during the season.

The Danz. hives and 4x5xl-V sections have
come to me to stay ; they are the hives for
comb and extracted honey. F. J. GrNZEL.

Poinsett Co., Ark., Feb. 2.

Dividing to Prevent Swarming.

X notice in the Bee Journal quite a lot about
dividing colonies of bees in many difl'erent
ways, but all arriving at the same result — pre-
venting swarms. Now, it all used the Hed-
don hive for increase, they would find it easy
work. I don't need to move a frame or shake
a bee to make anew colony. .Just smoke a
strong colony enough to drive the queen into
the upper story of the Heddon hive, then re-
move the upper half to a new stand, and place
it on another empty Heddon with starters or
empty comb: the same with the colony on the
old stand, putting both empties under. It
the queen is left on the old stand they are
more liable to rob the new colony, but, it this
happens, exchange places, and there will be
no fighting, and in a few days it is hard to
tell which colony is working the stronger.

I also noticed that some doubt what I men-
tioned last summer in regard to bees disliking
black. I wish those having cross bees would
try the different colors in dresses and then re-
port later on, whether the bees make a dis-
tinction.

Last summer a beginner transferred a few
black bees ; they went to robbing, and nearly
all went into one colony, but no fighti-ng. It
I had been there I would have exchanged
hives often enough to have had them all even.
The advice given was a little different, but
mine would have been too late.

Samuel Heath.

Armstrong Co., Pa., Feb. 2.

Bee-Keeping in Nopthern Ontario.

You say the columns of the Bee Journal are
open for the best ideas of interest to bee-
keepers. I find it interesting, and also notice
that the correspondents tell plain tacts about
bees and honey.

I am surprised at the statement that you
are troubled (in the States) with so many in-
sects, also foul brood, in connection with bee-
keeping. In this part of Canada we have no
foul brood or insects, and no dwindle. When
our bees are put away in the fall we never see
them until next spring, when they come out
in millions, strong and healthy, and every
bee on the offensive. There is a right and a
wrong way to keep and handle bees, and, if
not properly handled, foul brood and insects
will attack the colonies.

It is said that the honey crop has been very
pour with our American cousins. It has not
been so with me where I live. I never had
such a large quantity as the bees gathered
last fall, hundreds of pounds from a iew col-
onies. But every colony that I have is as

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADE. BuU

Chicken-
■ht. Si. Id to the FarmefatWholesiile
KuUj n'arraiiliMl._C«talog Free.

Please mention the Bee Journal

A BIG SNAP IN BUGGIES!

A well built, finely finished top
bugyy with oil tempered eprings.
Has all the stjle shown by rigs cost-
ing twice as much, iou car '
beat it in style or equal in pric
Write for price and agency plb
ECONOMY BUeeT CO.,
Box A 53. ClDclnnntl, O,

lOETt

Please mention the Bee J

he

40-Daoe GaialoQ Free. uo^'-rS
iut,^ Bee-Supplies of all kiuds. Uest in
market. Latest improvements. Dan
baker hives kept in stock.
lOJStf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Name and Address on one .side — Three Bees on the other side.

(This Cut is the i'oi.i. Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering-, be sure to say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is

made beaut if ullv of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forfed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the "Novelty" is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the •' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanving cu< grves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls'beautiful knife, as tb^ "Novelty" must be seen to be appreciated.

' How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us i hkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $.^00.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,

*5~Plea£e aJlor' •»bout two weeks for vour knife order lo be tilie<L

Chicago, IlL

Wise Man's
Wagon.

The man who has had experience
in running a wagon knows that it
is the wheels that determine the
life of the wagon itself. Our

ELECTRIC ""'

WHEELS

inches. Wil

,ny width of

wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high
oi a low down wajron, The Electric Han.ly
Waeon is ma-le by skilled workmen, of best select-
ed material — white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel
houuds, etc. Guaranteed to carry 4000 lbs. Heie is
the waeon that will save money for you, as It
lasts almost forever. Ourcntalog describing the uses
of these wheels and wagons sent free. Write for it.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 16 QUiNCY. ILLINOIS.

Rumley Company New Catalog.

From the city of LaPorte. Ind..—*' the Maple City "
—comes fresh fmm the press the catalog of our
rcEular advertising patron. The J. Rumely Com-
pany. In acknowledgement of the pride all its peo-
ple have in this enterprising city, it bears on its
front cover-page a beautiful wreath of Autumn-
tinted maple-leaves: on the back page a cut in
colors of the great Kumely manufactory with the
leaf embellishment, and the book throughout is
attractive in form and substance. It has a flt sub-
ject* its purpose is to illustrate and describe the
well-known and popular Rumely Traction Engines
and Separators. The objects of a catalog are well
ciwiceived and maintained to-the end. No one can
lake up the book without being impressed with the
fact that the Rumely Company intends that the
purchaser sball know all about the Rumely goods.
Aboutone-half the book 18 taken up with full-page
illustrations. Every point is made plain, so far as
illustrations can do it and the descriptions are bo
minute and exact as to leave no questions or doubts
in the minds of the reader when he has finished.
The Company evidently proceeds upon the theory
that if threshing machinery buyers appreciate just
what their line consists of. it will be ampiy able to
take care of itself against all competition. This
must be conceded a wise policy where goods have
the sterling character possessed by those of this
concern. The book will be welcomed by all who
are interested in high-grade threshing machinery.
It will be mailed free to anyone writing for it.
Please mention the American Bee Journal when
asking for a copy.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Headquarters '»" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to mv catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

190

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19, 1903.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Ualiau, Select long-toagued
(Moore's , and Select, Straight
5-baud Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart, aud mated to select
droups. No bees owned with-
in 2}^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 mi es. No disease. 3i» years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

ciA26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

PleP'se mention Bee Journal when •WTiting

$5

FOR NOTHING.

••How to Make Money urit/l Pou'try ai
"1 IncheB, I'JGpaees- It has
lapters by the best experts

<xll lache
wuUrjr sabje
■«/tti Ptniltry Plants In this fcini

CYPHERS INCVBATOR. COMPANY.

Buffalo,M.V. ChiCftgoail. BovtoD.Uui*. New lorkfN.T.

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders— all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., iNMaNAPOLis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

C alifnfrtia I If yon care to know of its
WdlllUrilld 1 Frolts, Flowera, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San rRANCisco,CAL

■5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

less. Send 10 cents for full line o£ b
ind directions how to befln.

DRAPER PUBLISHINO Cn.. Chlcar

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.

$ I e\.SO For

I A 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR

Perfect in constructioQ and
aclioD. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for calJilog to-dav.

GEO. H. STAHL, Qu

46A26t Please mention the Bee J

HIGGINSVIIyLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year and are nearly all sold. We
e.\pect to order another car soou. These goods
are equal to if not the best on the market. C.ive
us a trial order. We are also agents for the
Pkogressive Bee Keeper, price so cents per
year. Send your orders aud subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

TOPEKA SUPPLY HOUSE,

TOPEKA, KAN.

good as three or four colonies that others
have. You might asl;. How is that i Here is
the reason : My queens are known as " The
Proliflcs.'' The honey-bees are of a large
size, and they are great comb-builders and
fast honey-gatherers. On my 200 acres of
farm land we have any amount of basswood
blossoms, goldenrod, and thousands of wild
flowers and other nectar-giving flowers for the
bees. We have also all l<inds of trees, the
leaves of many having honey on the upper
side of the leaf. We hiave also rivers, creeks,
and lakes of the purest and best running
water, and no swamps or stagnant water, so
you can see that we have here a veritable
land flowing with milk and honey. It is fool-
ish for one to expect honey from bees when
there is no proper forage for them when the
water is not good and the climate ditto. We
have myriads of birds from the States in sum-
mer. The bees and birds seem to know a
healthy climate.

Again, I have never met a man yet who
knows how to feed his bees. Like man, and
all else, the honey-gatherers need and want
delicacies. I get diU'erent kinds of honey in
the fall, and there is nothing in the medicinal
pharmacopia that can come up to it. I never
have thin honey. I have a beautiful orchard,
with a southern aspect, and in the spring it is
a perfect picture to see the bees covering the
apple-blossoms, and the hum is like a locomo-
tive wading through a snow-drift. Our Yan-
kee cousins come to spend the summer at our
lakes here in Muskoka, and they have said
they never saw such splendid honey as they
have eaten in our towns and villages. As to
the keeping qualities of my honey, it is
always as good the following June as when
gathered the previous September ; both in the
comb and out of it. Who can beat this?

Ontario, Canada. James Brown.

Vapious Methods of Rearing Queens.

I have 40 colonies of bees, ranging from
blacks to bright golden Italians. 1 have
queens imported direct from Italy, queens
reared by the Doolittle and by the forced
method, also queens reared by-the bees as
nature called them at swarming-time, and by
the supersedure plan, but I have had no ex-
perience like Dr. Gallup, with any of the
methods.

By the way. Dr. Gallup, will you please
tell us why that colony in the basswood log
did not do as those colonies you had in your
3(! and 48 frame hives— rear a queen to suit
the capacity of the hive, and swarm the next
season ; I have had colonies in logs, with
proof of their being therefor a number of
years, whose queens were reared by Nature's
plans, and I have to see the first one that was
in any way superior to the queens reared by
the Alley or Doolittle methods, under proper
conditions.

Now, Dr. Gallup, I'll tell you what I'll do:
I will take 5 colonies, containing queens by
the Alley or Doolittle method; you take 5
colonies containing queens by Nature, and
set them beside mine, and if I don't get more
honey from my .5 colonies than you will from
yours, in this locality, I'll board you one
year for nothing, while you prove to me how
you did it.

The bees are all on the summer stands, and
are in fair condition at this time.

There is much white clover, which has been
well protected by the many snows, and pros-
pects are good for a wliile clover honey-How,
it the weather is favoraljle at that time.

A. ZlEOLER.

Huntington Co., Ind., Feb. 9.

Fruit-Tpee Spraying.

This was the subject of the monthly meet-
ing of the Worcester County Bee-Keepers'
Association, Feb. 14. The opening paper was
read by H. F. Jacobs, who in brief said:

"There is no cause ot friction between the
bee-keeper and fruit-gvowers. It is fast com-
ing to where trees must be sprayed, if the
grower is to have salaMe fruit for the market.
But fruit-growers ana bee-keepers must real-
ize this : As bee-keeper we are interested
more iii the time when not to spray, on ac-
count of the danger of killing bees. The
Creator designed the bee for a special purpose,

The Same Old Story

A modern machine iilways beats hand work

Tht Hardie Whitewashing Machine

works so much faster, forces the
liquid into every crack and destroys
ms and insects which the brush
lald pass over. The complete ma-
chine, express prepaid for only $5.00.

Sold under an ahsclute guarantee.
Full particulars on application.

The Hardie Spray Pump Mfg. Co..
Dept. U Detroit, Micblgao.

Please mentjon Bee Journal ■when ■writiiift,

k for us. We will start you in
|t>UBlae8S and furnish the capital. Work
|light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Cfaicaso. lilt.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for

3A13t °R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan,Wis.

rl... ». FREE--

Tl»' rorr ourbook

r . , f nP f HOWTOGROW

FREIGHT paVi't • '^"-L^^FFiuiT^^
riTUS NURSERYnemahaneb

3AHt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Warned lo fyrcnase

200 to 400 colonies of BEES— northern Califor-
nia, Orepon or Texas. State price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and withoui supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.
Address, Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell i: Co.,

12Atf 32'3 Wash. Avenue, Or.nEN, Utah.

Please mention Bee journal "when "writins

GOOD SEEDS

25c ^

'|25cS

1 Flower S«

;- lOlfcrgepw

Both 25c Colls.for 40c— both 50c Colls.fflr 75c.

llluBta^ted cAt&log »nd ciiimro liook fri-e with each cnl^f

MISSOURI VALLEY SEED CO.,
P.O.Boi iil,"Tiiiaicd8»tdSt<n-t."St,liiiefi],Kii.\

Please i

the Be

SWEET CLOVER

And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
Dr express, at the following prices, cash with

'^">'^"-- sft loft 2S» 501b

Sweet Clover (white! $.75 »1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

A.lslke Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhlteClover l.-SO 2x0 6.50 12.50

A.lfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.25 .H.OO

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK « CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, II<I..

March 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

191

which is to aid nature in pollenizintr fiowers
of different l<inds. There are varieties of
the same kind of fruit, and the honey-bee
was made to carry the pollen from one tree to
the other. Thus it was evident that the time
to spray is not when flowers are in bloom. It
is stated that soon as a tiower is fertilized
it ceases to secrete uectar and its petals fall.
I should say that after the bud opened enough
to admit any spray it is wiser not to spray,
not only for the bee-keeper, but for the fruit-
grower, since we must rely upon the bee
to poUenize the fruit-blossoms, if we are to
get a good crop of fruit. In summing up the
matter I would say that trees are liable to be
poisoned by spraying while in bloom, the
liability increasing in proportion as the
weather is favorable to bee-activity. Spray-
ing should be done one week before blooming,
two weeks after blooming, and again two
weeks later."

It was shown by one speaker that New
York State has a law which makes it a crimi-
nal offense to spray fruit-trees while in bloom.

Secretary A. A. Hixon, of the Horticultural
Society, announces that Worcester fruit-trees
are overrun with San Jose scale, and these
must be wiped out or many line orcliards will
be ruined. He showed twigs cut from pear,
crab, peach and plum trees, infested with this
pest.

It was further shown that very few in this
vicinity do any spraying at all. Before the
meeting adjourned the president appointed
Mr. Hixon and the secretary a conimitte to
draw up resolutions to send to our senator at
Washington, urging the adoption of the Pure
Food bill at this session. C. R. Ri'ssell.

Worcester Co., Mass.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

nichigan.— The Northern Michig-an bee. keep-
ers will hold a convention March 25 and 2(j, in
Bellaire, Antrim Co., in the Town Uall. Special
rates have been secured for entertainment at
the Ellis Hotel, and also the Bellaire House, at
fl.OO per day. Geo. H. Kik

We Heartily

Recommend Patre Fence fur the worst breachy
etoek. and it does just ae well lor quiet stock.
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., AI>KIAN,MICH,
c'iease meatioii Bee joumai wnen, "writing

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It Is
a fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this "Emerson** no further bind in g^ is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO..

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published^

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Helper Wanted

Young- man with some experience to assist i^
larg-e apiary in Chicago, close to church and
city; everything modern. To help man with
years of experience who is also a thorough me-
chanic. <iive ag-e, experience, wages wanted,
reference, etc. Address. G. PURPLE,
Care American Bee Journal,

144 E. Erie Street, Chicago, III.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

riie MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many Ijee-
kcppers. Full printed directions
Mut with each one. We mail it for
'jr>'fnts; or will send it P''REE as
i\ a iiremium for sending us One
■^i \i-\v subscriber to the Beo Journal
^ fur a year at SI .00; or for ?1,10 we
1 mail the Bee Joumai one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. l>ie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

For Good Road-Making.

Atthe Auilttorium. in the city -.1 Cliicatru. on the
evening Kebruiiry -20 tbe NHliuniil Good H"Hfls Con-
vention asseinoled for its opening session. The
National Highway Commission appointed by Presi-
dent Koosevelt and consisting amoiiK others of such
distinguished members as Qen. Nelson A. Miles,
Col. John Jncob Astorand Col. Albert A. Pope, were
liberally represented. The Governors of most of
the States in response to the invitation appointed
delesrates, and representatives were also present
from every lucal good roads association of any con-
sequence in the United States.

An assembly constituted as this one w«s should
have been ahl.> to hhape some policy to bring order

great body of rural people such a direct and perma-
nent good as the improvement of highwaya. Neces-
sarily the convention concerned itself with general
topics. No detlnite plan was formulated for the de-
tailed work of road improvement. Yet sf'mething
in this line would have been a step in the richt
direction and of all things the most practical. We
instance the elementary princiuies of road-making,
namely, drainage, raising centres of the roads, and
rolling. Even outside ot paving, these are prime
essentials in municipalities They should be also
first essentials in the country. The first two are
correlative, the one being the necessary result of
the other. As to the rolling and paciiing of the
road-bed, if the purchase of heavy engines for the
purpose, such as are used in cities and towns, be too
radical a preliminary step, the convention would
have adopted iit least one good, practical measure if
it had passed a resolution advocating the general

the use of the sieam roller. And in its use the cost
would be nothing to the county or township author-
ities, the mere use of such wheels instead of wear-
ing out the mads, do constantly improve them.
Where the narrow wheels rut and furrow and lead
to washing, tlie broad tires roll and make compact
and permanent. It is only necessary to behold the
road districts in regions where the broad-tired wheel
is in general use to become at once an advocate of
their general employment.

Many towns with unpaved streets set a limit by
ordinance to the width of tires which may be used,
the tires being in all cases to have at least such a
tread as will give the needed packing and rolling
and avoid the cutting and rutting which necessarily
creates f«r he;ivier draft and frequently makes the
street absolutely impassable. The illustration here-
with well illusirates our meaning. We reproduce
ir by courtesv of the Electric Wheel Company of
Quincy. 111., who by the manufacture of a wheel ad-

to pack and i!ii[»rove the bed and still further lessen
the draft, while exactly the reverse is true of the
narrow , tire. It the practical experience of every
farmer did nnt unequivocally settle this fact, the
experimeut^ made by the Experiment Statior: at
the lTniversit\ of Missouri would place the matter
beyond cavil.

There arc other essentials which will enter into
road-buildint: -f the future. This is one-a very
important one. All the more important because -so

_ _ lad-tired wagon, but on th** other

hand permit -the hauling of larger loads with lighter
draft and fa: greater convenience than in any
other wav.

Please mention Bee Joumai
when vritlng advertisers.

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, March 7.— The demand for comb
honey has been and is of small volume, prices
are weak, concessions being- made where nec-
essary to effect sales Fancy white comb held
at ISfrt-ldc; all other grades of white are irreg'u-
lar at 13f?iJ14c; light amber, Ww\2c dark and am-
bers, '>'ailOc. Extracted, clover and basswood,
7@8c; other white grades, 6(n7c; amber, S%(^
6>4c. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock lit^ht. Comb selling*,
light, 15c; mixed, 14@15c: dark, 13rgil4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7>ic. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

KansasCity, Mar.I4.— The demand for both
comb aud extracted honey is better, receipts
light. We quote as follows: Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictlv No. 1, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3@f3.25; No. 2, white aud amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber, 6@6Mc.
Beeswax, 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels. 5%<g^6%Cy according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c. Fancy comb honey, IS%@
16J^c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, March 5,— There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound (or fancy, 13@
14c for No. 1, and 12c for amber, with suflicient .
supply to meet the demand. Dark honey will
be cleaned up with very little left; it is selling
at about lie per pound. Extracted rather weak
and in quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote: White, 7@7J^ cents; amber, t%(g^7c;
dark, 6c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c for good
average. Hildrbth Je Sboblkkn.

Cincinnati, Mar. 7.— The comb honey market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14(alSc; no de-
mand for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not beeu changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5%«i'5^'2c; in cans
6@6Mc; white clover, 8@8Hc. Beeswax, 2Si5i30c.
C. H. W. Whbbr.

San Francisco, Mar. 14.— White comb honey,
llH@12^c; light amber, 10@llc; dark, 5@6V6c.
Extracted, white, 6@t.J^c; light amber, 5@5J<c;
amber, 4@4^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
26@27Kc; strictly fancy I'ght, 29@30c.

TRACTED HONEY !

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Joumai -when "WTitlng.

Honey For Sale.

- 2000 lbs. Basswood Extracted hodej, at '*c a
pound. All in 60.1b. cans. Warranted PURE

HONEY. JOHN WAGNER, BUENA VISTA, ru.

5Atf Please mention the Eee Journal.

Choice Alfalfa Honey

nulated; in UH-
;ans, at $S.0O per
; of S cans, f.o.b,
ar Rapids. Iowa.
11 A:t M. L. WBEMS. Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Mease mention Bee Journal when writang

Forsaie

DAjRYMEM ARE DELIG^^^^

have money. We sUrt yoa In bualoeBS. You make
large profit*. E«y work. We furnish capital. Send
lOcentfl for hill line of aamplesand paillcuUre.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ills.

Plea-se mention Bee Joximal ■when writizur

EAST ST. LOUIS. ILL.

We carry a complete stock of HIGCilNSVILLE

BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Our east-

L:onsiderable freight
by orderiag^ ftora them. Kind and courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAH V iMFG. CO.,
2415 Ernest Ave., AUa Sita, East St. Louis, lU.
Catalog Free.

192

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 19. 1903.

: The Best Bee-Goods
i in the World....

tter than those we make, L

lances are that they are not P

If you buy of us yon L

t be <Ii!>>a|>|>oiiited. f

Tiv^ie^vs.je,^s,^s^iif,ssmja,jfi^is.je,.V!.Si^i^^

are no better than those we make
and the chances j
so {rood.

tvill not l>e dli-iappol
Wvs are ■■•i<lei-sol<l l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for lieginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carr'n
» a full lioe of our g-oods at catalog- price
^ Order of him and save the freight.

rteasti iuwuLion ±iee Jouriia,i waeu writing.

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at Jic a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 14« E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
custome' s will save considerable fieiffht bj or-
dering from them. Kind and courteous treat-
ment, low prices and prompt altealion our
motto. Address,

LEAHY MFC;. CO.,
Catalog Free. 1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
JPlease mention Bee Journal -when vritini?

BEE^SUPPLIES!

i,ts goods j^^

^f^AT ROOTS PRIci^^J.

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

SI2 MASS. AVE. — ~r IHDUNAfDLIS.INO.

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uRN-TpiRMNTsn^o'sAaSiNaT''-

No LOSS. PATENT WBED-PROCESS SHEBTIINO.

Whv Hrkf^e if SpII cr» vl/f»llV Because it has always given better satls-
VVliy UUC» 1 1. »C1I »U well r faction than any other. Because In 25 ye«r«
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS »<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isec],

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

tlamllton, Hancock Co., Ill

Jr'.'ease mention Bee Joorn^l wtien writing,

Gleanings

IN

Bee-Cnltnre

Do You Need
Gleanings?

Certainly. If you do not
read Gleanin<;s in Bee Cul-
ture and know the condition
of the honey market as re-
ported in the Honev Column,
you are likely to sell a good
crop of honey at from 10 to
25 percent below the market
price, as we know of some
who did last season, simply
because they did not know
that the market was better
than it had been in former
years. For these reports
alone you oug'ht to ha\e
Gleanings. The honey mar-
ket is correctly add definitely
quoted from the principal
cities of the United States
and corrected every issue.

N. B. — In our ad. in the
American Bee Journal, Mar.
12, with reference to brass
smokers, please read, *' All
brass smokers, 25 cents each
EXTRA."

THE

11. 1. Root GO.,

Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.

DEPARTMENTS.

STRAY STRAWS.

By Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, 111. Dr. Miller |s one of the

best known writers in the U. S. £n e ' ' ' "^ ' ""

gives us a page or two of short noti
found in the various American and fi
are not only interesting but valuable,
the time to read all the bee-journals, e
and you will get in Stray Siraw notes relating to bee-
all over the world.

ue of Glea
5 commenting on articles
reign bee-journals. These
Very few bee-keepers have
'en if thev could afford it,
Iture from

PICKINGS FROM OUR NEIGHBORS' FIELDS.

By Stenog. In each issue will be found immediately follow-
ing the last-mentioned articles, another series of short notes
picked up from the various bee-papers, with comments by Stenog.
This department has been here now for nearly three years, and is
full ot interesting and witty matter. You have to read Stedog's
writings to appreciate them. We can not do them justice in a
brief description.

OUR HOMES AND HIGH-PRESSURE tiARDENING.

By A. I. Root. Will be continued as heretofore, and in the
editorial column Mr. E. R. Root will continue to give the latest
developments in bee culture.

BEE-KEEPING IN CUBA.

Mr. A. I. Root has iust returned from Cuba, and will give a
series of articles on his sojourn there in his usual interesting

SPECIAL OFFERS.

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For 25 cents we will send Gleanings 6 mouths* trial sub-
scription to new subscribers.

Offer No. 22

^ fo:

one year and an un-

but at this low price we

June when we have

For $1.00 we will send Glkanin
tested Italian Queen valued at 75 cent
reserve the right to send queen
a choice supply.

Offer No. 24

If you order $10.00 worth or more of goods from our catalog at
regular prices, paying cash for them, for 5n cents more you can
have Gleanings for one year.

Offer No. 25

For $1.00 we will send Gle.^nings one year and a Clark
Smoker, postage 20 cents extra. Or, for $1.25 we will send the
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For $1.75 we will send Gleanings one year and our Cyclope-
dia on Bees, the A B C of Bee-Culture, of SOO pages.

■^^E~ <-iTT/\T>riT^ TTT iTr\T\tT K. m\ I'M * 148 Erie Street,

BPV GEORGE W. YORK & CO. chic.^go ill..

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.

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J A. QREEN.

WM. McEVOY.

p^|V\ERie/lyv

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ILL. MARCH 26, 1903.

No. 13,

SOME OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

W. A. CHRYSLER.

M. B. HOLMES.

JAS. ARMSTRONG.

^^mr^^^^^:

P

did

VV. J. BROWN.

H. G. SIBBALD.

J. W. SPARLING.

194

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEK

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

OEOK/Ca-E3 "w. -^ok-k:.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr. C.C. Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

I Weekly Budget. I

Dr. C. C. Millek, of McHenry Co., 111.
wrote us March IT :

"To-day the few colonies that are out of
the cellar are having a tine Bight— 65'^'."

Evidently celebrating St. Patrick's Day 1

Thomas G. Newman was announced last
v,-eek in these columns as having passed away
Maft-ch 10, in San Francisco, Calif. The Philo-
sophical Journal (of which he was editor at,the
time of his death) contained the following in
the issue of March 14 :

PASSING OF THOMAS i-i. NEWMAN.

Mr. Thomas G. Newman passed to spirit
life Tuesday, March 10, at 12;4."> p.m.

For several years Mr. Newman had been an
invalid, and about three years ago he was
stricken with nearly total blindness.

From the latter affliction he was slowly re-
covering, and, in the last few months, was
thanking the good angels for their minister-
ing care in restoring to him his sight:

About six weeks ago he was taken with the
grippe, but persisted in attending to his work
until Feb. .5. when, overcome by weakness,
he fell on the pavement in front of the St.
Nicholas Hotel.

He was carried to his home, and all that
the most solicitous care could do was done to
insure his recovery.

For a few days it was thought that restora-
tion to health and usefulness was possible-
even probable— and especially was this true
after arrangements had been perfected which
insured the permanency of the Journal,
which had been his life work in recent years,
and the perpetuity of which was his absorb-
ng ambition.

Early last week there came signs of a re-
action, and day by day his friends saw the
life-force slipping from him. Hope was com-
pelled to give way to resignation to the de-
cree of fate.

His son. Mr. A. H. Newman, was tele-
graphed for from Iowa, and arrived in time to
see his father before he passed to the uncon-
scious state, which, for several hours, pre-
ceded his final transition.

Mr. Newman was born in Bridgewater,
Somersetshire. England, and was married to
Eliza Powell (who has remained his staunch
help-meet these nearly ."lO years) Feb. 5, IS.")4.
The same year Mr. and Mrs. Newman came
to America on their wedding tour, and have
remained in this country continually since,
except during the years ISOI! to 1869, when Mr.
Newman was engaged in business as printer
and publisher at Teignmouth, England.

Mr. Newman has been engaged in many
newspaper ventures, the most important hav-
ing been the American Bee Journal, which he
conducted from 1873 to 1S93, and the Philo-
sophical Journal, which he has conducted
since, first in Chicago, then in San Diego for a
brief time, and since 189? in San Francisco.

Mr. Newman was one of those true-hearted
men whom all men knew to love, and who
thought vastly more of the welfare of others
than of himself.

Besides his wife, there survive him his only
son, Mr. A. H. Newman, Mrs. F. H. Cheno-
weth, and Mrs. H. P. Cook, the first two of
whom were at their father's bedside at his
passing out. The other daughter was in the
East, and could not get here in time to see
him in this life.

Mr. A. H. Newman, in a letter dated at San
Francisco, March 16, said concerning his
father's picture used on the first page of last
week's issue, that it is " the latest and best in
existence." To which he added this in ref-
erence to what we have reprinted above from
the Philosophical Journal:

In relation to further information I will
say that the latest number of the Philosophi-
cal Journal, which has undoubtedly reached
you before this time, contains a little synopsis
of my father's life, and I don't know of any-
thing that I could add excepting that the
funeral took place on Sunday, March l.">, at 2
p.m., from the Lodge Room of the Pacirtc
Lodge of F. ifc A. M., and at the request of
Golden Rule Lodge No. 7'J6, of Chicago, of
which he was a life member; and it was his
request that he be buried with Masonic hon-
ors. Yours truly,

A. H. Newman.

The King-Bee of Northern Colorado,
says the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, is M.
A. Gill. He will enter the honey harvest of
1903 with 1250 colonies, Bays the same jour-
nal. That's banking agood deal on successful
wintering on the part of Mr. Gill, seeing the
statement was made in the January number.
But the success of the past may fully warrant
such banking.

Read All the Bee-Pai'Ers. — In the March
Bee-Keepers' Review is a characteristic edi-
torial by Mr. Hutchinson, with this heading;
" A Man Can't Know Too Much About His
Business." From it we lake these para-
graphs:

It a man is making a specialty of bee-keep-
ing, I believe it is a mistake not to take all of
the journals and read all of the books on the
subject. He can't afford not to read them.
Ever since I began bee-kee|iing I have read
allot the journals, and have found it profit-
able to do so. Many a time one little item
has contained information that' was worth
dollars and dollars to me. In my travels
about the country I find that the most suc-
cessful bee-keepers read all, or nearly all, of
the journals. Men who have been in the
business the longest, who have kept the most
bees, those who have had the most experi-
ence,'[and who, it would seem, stood in the

least need of advice or help from journals, are
the ones who are the most anxious to read
them. They have learned their value.

Let no one imagine, however, that the
reading of all of the journals will make of
him a successful bee-keeper. Neither will
the keeping of a large number of colonies
alone lead to the same result. Successful bee-
keeping does not depend upon any one thing ;
it is a well-rounded whole of many parts. But
don't forget that any lack in one or more of
the component parts makes a bad showing in
the final summing up.

We believe we have seen all the bee-papers
that have been published in this country dur-
ing the past 20 years, and, with perhaps one
or two exceptions, every one of them has
been worth many times its subscription
price to those interested in bee-keeping.

We can not understand how any one who
expects to make a success with bees can
hope to do so without taking several of the
best bee-papers published to-day. For about
S.5.00 we suppose that all of them could be
taken — less than 10 cents a week ! It's a
poor business indeed that could not stand
that. At any rate, every bee-keeper should
have at least one good bee-paper. If this
journal doesn't " fill the bill," then try
another. That is the way we should do, if
we couldn't afford to take all of them.

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raphic

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They hold sufficient ink to
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Pens are furnished in neat
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filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
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19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the '• Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new SfBSCRIBERS

to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
III subscription to the American
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for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

°,<" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago. III.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 26, 1903,

No, 13.

Clipping; Queens is greatly favored by
some and as severely condemned l>y others,
but, as a rule, those who favor clipping have
tried queens clipped and undipped, while
those who condemn it have never thoroughly
tried clipping. If you have never tried clip-
ping, it might be a good plan for you to clip
a small proportion of your queens, and then
you could judge better as to which plan is

best for you.

^

Laying AVorkeivs. — One continues to see
uiention in bee-papers of a colony having " a
laying worker,'' with perhaps a remark as to
what became of "the laying worker." It
should be remembered that careful analyses
have shown that in a laying-worker colony
a large proportion of the bees are found to
contain eggs. The shaking off the bees at
some distance from the hive, so that "the
laying worker'' may not find her way back
home, will thus be seen to have .some imagina-
tion connected with it. A laying worker will
probably find its way back to its home as
readily as any other worker.

Placing Hives in Pairs is strongly
advocated by those who have practiced the
plan. It is claimed that the bees will never
make the mistake of entering the wrong hive
of a pair; if a mistake is made it will be by
entering the corresponding hive of another
pair. This gives the advantage of economy
of space. A further economy is gained by
putting two rows together close, back to
back, thus making the hives in clusters of
four. If you level your hives with a spirit-
level— and by all means you should — you will
find it much easier to level a stand for two
hives than a shorter one for one hive, taking
less than one-fourth the time.

Introducing Virgin Queens. — The

Australian Bee-Bulletin, page '200, says:
" Bees are said always to accept a virgin
queen." That is one of those half-truths that
are often the most dangerous errors. The
truth is that, in general, virgin queens are
not nearly so easy to introduce as laying
iiueens. The bees seem to want some one to
engage immediately in the work of laying
eggs, and a virgin queen does not till the bill.
There is, however, a short time in the life of
every virgin queen when she seems to be
readily accepted by any colony, even one

which has a normal queen with which the
bees are entirely satisfied. That time is dur-
ing the babyhood of the queen, and does not
last many hours after she emerges from the
cell. At that time she does not seem to be
recognized as a queen — she is merely a baby,
and will do neither good nor harm.

As soon, however, as she becomes old
enough to put on the airs of a queen she must
take her chances as such. If the colony is in
need of a queen, her chances of acceptance
are much better than if she had been left out
of the hive till more mature. She is already
there, in peaceable possession, and possession
is nine points of the law. If there is present
a laying queen that the bees are thinking of
superseding, the young Miss has the same
chance as if she had emerged from a cell
matured in the hive. But if there is present
a laying queen with which the bees are en-
tirely satisfied, then as soon as she is old
enough to be recognized as having royal blood
in her veins, she is promptly seized as a
usurper.

Just remember that until a virgin queen is
a few hours old she will be kindly received in
any colony. Whether she continues to re-
ceive kind treatment after she begins to assert
her royalty depends upon circumstances.

Have You a Spirit Level ?— If not.
get one and use it in leveling your hive-
stands before they get any heavier. If your
bees are in the cellar, level the stands before
the bees are brought out. Don't think you
can level well enough by the eye, especially if
the ground is not level. Just level two or
three stands by the eye, and then test them
by a level, and you will very likely be done
with the eye-business. No matter about
leveling from front to rear — perhaps it will
be all the better if the hive tips a little for-
ward— but from side to side they should be
level.

Absorbent Covering for Hives. —

Straw mats, coverings of chaff, etc., have
been used to put over brood-frajnes in winter,
and are much in favor. The name "absorb-
ent,"' however, conflicts with the popular
theory as to such coverings, which is that the
atmosphere of the hive slowly passes up
through the vi ires of the mat or other cover-
ing. If the ah' passes through it can hardly
be said to be absorbed. The real value of
such coverinf-'p probably consists in their be-
ing non-conduL-lors, retaining the heat. The
following Stray Straw from Gleanings in Bee
Culture is in point:

R. Khomlx-i_'. in an able article in Bienen-
Vater, repori- investigations as to ventilation.
He put a suiw mat over a hive, filled the
hive with Mimke, then watched the smoke

escaping upward. It came through the needle-
holes, the wrinkles in the binding, and espe-
cially along the crack where the cushion lay
on the hive, but never a bit came through the
straw. That the straw is impermeable is
further shown by the fact that it becomes
i damp. If air passed through it, then the
moisture would pass through and settle on
the outer surface, leaving the mat dry. If he
is right, and I suspect he is, then we are a bit
off in thinking that cushions are good be-
cause the air passes through them. They are
good because they are non-conductors, keep-
ing warm. The air must be allowed to es-
cape through little holes or cracks, and the
under surface may be water-tight, only so it
is warm.— [There is something in this, I be-
lieve. Absorbents will take up water; but if
they would allow air to pass through them,
that water would be evaporated, but it is not.
The common practice now is to put a sealed
cover over the brood-frames in winter, and
then the so-called absorbents on top, not to
"absorb," but to provide a non-conductor of
heat.— Editor.]

Use of Drones. — Among the old writers
will be found those who credited the drones
with laying all the eggs. Later they were
counte'd water-carriers. Modern authorities
geoerally consider their sole function that of
fecundating the young queens, yet of late
there seems a tendency to attribute to them
other functions.

Some maintain, in a general way, that a
colony will do better if allowed to rear a rea-
sonable amount of drones, the fact that the
bees are eager to rear drones being sufficient
proof that it is the right thing to do. But it
is not always a safe thing to appeal to Nature.
That would lead the poultry-raiser to have as
many cocks as hens in his flock.

There seems, however, more force in the
argument that drones aid in keeping up the
heat of the colony, and this argument obtains
more especially among some of the German
and French bee-keepers. One German writer
gives what he considers a striking instance.
A very strong colony, from which might have
beea expected a heavy harvest, had all its
drones destroyed, and the harvest was almost
nothing, because a large proportion of the
field-bees had to stay at home and keep up
the heat, which heat would have been pro-
vided by the drones.

Admit that the destruction of the drones
resulted as claimed, does it follow that it is a
good thing to have in each colony a force of
dronas, independently of their use as mates
for the young queens '. Suppose that the
drone-comb in which the drones were reared
had been worker-comb instead. Would not
the workers reared therein have served eciually
well as heat-producers ; Will not a pound
of workers produce just as much heat as a
pound of drones ' Will they not produce
more i It is not the bee that is sitting per-
fectly still, but the bee that is moving about
in lively action that produces heat. The
nurse-Vices are in lively action, the drones are
not. The drone takes its e.vercise out in the
open air. wasting its heat in warming the
weather rather than in warming the hive.
The truth would seem to be that the workers
product more heat than the drones, and pro-
duce it at no cost, while they are at work as
nurses, awaiting the time when they will add
to the stores of the hive as fielders.

196

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicagro-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BV OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pa^e 182 )
IS SPRAYING IN BLOOM A CRIME ?

" Is Spraying fruit-trees in full bloom a crime against
bee-keepers ?"

Mr. France — I think in four States of the United States
there are laws on that subject, making it a criminal offense
to spray fruit-trees with poisons.

Pres. York — It is not a crime in Illinois, but it is not a
good thing to follow to spray fruit-trees while in blossom.

Mr. Moore — I would ask the president to ask some one
here who knows about that to explain it in detail. This is
very interesting, and I am sure some of them have not got
it in their minds why fruit-trees, or, rather, why blossoms
should not be sprayed with poisonous mixtures.

Pres. York — Mr. Abbott, why should fruit-trees not be
sprayed while in blossom ?

Mr. Abbott — Because it is dangerous to the life of the
fruit itself. Any kind of mixture is detrimental to the devel-
opment of the germ, and if we could make the most farmers
understand that — if they could see that they are killing the
best fruit they have when they try to kill something that
doesn't exist. There will nothing hinder it except the can-
ker-worm, and a man who is wide-awake and looks after
them can have them all exterminated before fruit is in
blossom, and then wait a few days and go after them again
as soon as the time is past and the bloom has fallen, and get
rid of them in that way. That is the only thing that I
know of that we have in Missouri that can be reached. They
are simply wasting their time trying to reach the coddling-
moth. The reason you can't kill them is, they have a way
of hanging at the end of the blossom of the apple ; they do
not immediately enter the apple but eat around, and while
the apple is yet upright if a little poison lodges in there and
the blossom closes up the larva goes in there and eats it and
kills him. If you get some poison in there, and they will
stay, you can do something ; but over 10 percent go some
place else.

Mr. Fluegge — I would like to say that the farmers
around our way got into the habit of not using a spray or
mixture, but they throw the poison with a powder-gun,
blow it up into the blossom. That would poison just as
the spray.

Pres. York — Would the powder injure the blossom as
much as the moist spray ?

Mr. Kluck — The powder will only hang to the tree or to
the blossom if it is a little moist. If it is dry it will scarcely
make anj' effect, and it will not do any harm ; and if it is
damp, why the bees will get the poison just the same as if
sprayed.

Mr. Fluegge — The farmers out our way get up quite
early while the dew is on the fruit-trees.

Dr. Miller — The important part to have made public in
that matter is, that the poison coming upon the delicate
end of the pistil injures them. We are not so anxious that
the people shall know that it hurts the bees, but we are
anxious that they shall know that it hurts the fruit, and to
throw the poison there, either dry or moist, or take it at a
time when it is moist from the dew, there is moisture
enough in that pistil so that when the dry powder is thrown
upon it it will hurt the fruit.

Mr. Abbott — Another important thing is to have the
farmer understand that he Is not only running the risk of
the possibility of injuring the fruit, but he is wasting his
powder. He is shooting at the squirrel, not the squirrel
that has run in the hole, but the squirrel that hasn't even
gone into the hole, or hasn't even been there. The farmers
are shooting at an animal before it is born.

Mr. Johansen — Whether it is powder spray or a liquid it
is on the same principle, the powder is sprayed when the
dew is on, and would form a liquid, and the poison to the
bees would be just the same as if the liquid were sprayed
on it. It has been decided by different experiments that it
is injurious to the fruit, that it will kill a large percent of
the blossoms. I always read every spraying article, and I
have never found one who advised spraying while in blos-
som except Wm. Stahl. All the information we can get
from an experiment station is that it is detrimental to the
fruit, and greatly so.

Mr. Armstrong — We have said that the spraying is
criminal. Is it criminal because we are destroying the
bees? We are speaking in behalf of the bees now.

Dr. Miller — It is not criminal in this State. I think Mr.
France mentioned that there were four States in which it is
criminal. It is criminal there simply because it is against
the law. The law is, that they shall not spray while the
fruit is in blossom.

BEES USING MOIST POLLEN IN SPRING.

"Will combs of moist pollen left out in empty hives be
used by bees in the spring?"

Dr. Miller — Yes, to a certain extent, if the bees are
scarce of pollen, and there is no pollen yielding in the flow-
ers. When there is plenty of pollen in the flowers they
prefer to take that.

Mr. Fluegge — Will not the weather bake it hard so that
the bees can not use it ?

Dr. Miller — As a rule, if you leave it there long enough
it will become dry and hard. I was answering on the sup-
position that it was in good condition.

Mr. Fluegge — To save such combs what should be done
to keep them in good condition to use the next spring ?

Dr. Miller — They keep during the winter, and in the
spring put them in the care of the bees.

Mr. Whitney — Suppose that those cells of pollen be-
come molded by being out in hives during such weather as
we had the past season ? What would you do with them ?

Dr. Miller — Then I think it would spoil.

Mr. Whitney — You would count that the whole of the
pollen in the cells was injured ?

Dr. Miller — I don't know, the under part might be good,
but I wouldn't count on it any. I wouldn't use it.

Mr. Whitney — I had something of that kind for the first
time this fall ; I left it out a few days longer than I should.
It was outside in damp weather and the pollen molded.

Dr. Miller — I wouldn't like to use it.

Mr. Wilcox — I have many times had combs stored in
an outside cellar in which they frequently become molded,
and I placed them in the hives in the spring and the bees
carried it out.

Dr. Miller — I was thinking of putting it in the hives for
the winter. In the spring I wouldn't hesitate giving the
bees anything.

Mr. Whitney — Those frames of molded pollen are out-
side, and will be kept out.

REMOVING POLLEN FROM COMBS.

" How can pollen be removed from combs when not
needed ?"

Dr. Miller — I should say it isn't needed when it is all
dried and spoiled, and then I should try to get out by soak-
ing it.

Mr. Pettit — I asked that question myself. In my locality
we have more pollen than we know what to do with. I have
been in the habit of melting up good combs because I did
not know how profitably to get the pollen out of them.

Mr. Gerbracht — If one cares to go to the trouble of tak-
ing the pollen it can be soaked for half a day or so, and
then can readily be washed out with an ordinary spray.

Mr. France — I had a sample sent by an Illinois bee-
keeper in this vicinity lately. He had what he called a sur-
plus of pollen in the combs, and wishing to keep these
combs for extracting-combs he soaked them and then hung
them out for that mixture to penetrate — then tried to throw
the pollen out with the extractor, if possible. In part he
succeeded. In a little while, upon examining these, he
found there were millions of little life in these combs. He
feared that something had gotten in them, and it wasn't
foul brood, and he wanted me to examine them ; and under
the microscope I found they were little live maggots, and it
was then in the maggot eggs. I asked him if it was in the
couib where there were bees? They don't destroy comb
very much, but are working largely to destroy comb.

March 2ti, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

197

WlLTi HONKY-BBKS.

" Are there any wild honey-bees in the United States ?"

Dr. Miller — Lots of them.

Mr. Wilcox — I am curious to know what the gentleman
means by wild honey-bees. I came to Wisconsin as much
as 50 years ago, and went off into the woods many miles
from any settlement, and found the woods full of bees.
Were they wild, or were they tame ?

Dr. Miller — If you find a colony of bees in a tree that
somebody doesn't own, those are wild bees. Take them
and put them in a house, and they are tame bees ; then they
swarm the next year and go back in the same tree, and they
are wild bees.

Mr. Moore — If the one who asked this question wants a
straight up-and-down, flat-footed answer without shirking,
I will say all the bees are wild bees, so recognized in the
law. If not, how does it come they swarm to the woods ?
Tiiey don't know j'ou as the cow or horse. It is perfectly
plain that all bees, anywhere and everywhere, are wild bees.
They don't even have a love for home.

Dr. Miller — That's all right ; Mr. Moore is a lawyer. I
am a bee-keeper. I am right, too.

Mr. France — On the point of law, why is it then that
they tax bees in the State of Iowa ?

Dr. Miller — Don't they in Wisconsin ? They do in
Illinois.

(Continued next week.)

l('j!C^.J!t>^.J«>j!CJtCJ!t>JtC^.J<>^.J:C^>j!C^!t>J!CJ:C^I<

i Contributed Articles. ,

Age Of Bees— Longevity and Energy.

BY T- A. GREEN.

THAT bees under ordinary circumstances live but a short
time is well known to all who have taken the trouble to
experiment during working season. The changing of
the queen, as in giving an Italian queen to a colony of black
bees, gives an opportunity for the careful observer to
demonstrate this fact beyond doubt. As this test is made
only during the working season, and as we know that bees
live a much longer time during the winter months, we as-
sume, and no doubt with correctness, that nearly all bees
work themselves to death, their days being greatly short-
ened by the fatigues and accidents of their busy lives. It
has been noted that queenless bees usually do but little work
and consequently live longer. I once had a striking illus-
tration of this fact.

One spring I found a small colony of bees queenless
early in the spring. A queen for them was not to be had
except at a high price, and it was too early for them to rear a
queen with any likelihood of developing into a good colony.
I had learned long before this that it was unprofitable to
unite such a colony with another at that season. So I sim-
ply let them alone. For some reason they did not waste
their energies in developing laying workers, their combs,
whenever I looked at them, being entirely free from brood or
eggs. I opened the hive several times during the season
and often noticed the bees guarding the entrance and occa-
sionally flying in or out. The last time these were noticed
was on Sept. 5. Several days after, not seeing any bees at
the entrance, I opened the hive and found them all gone.
But they had lived through nearly the whole of the work-
ing season in addition to the winter. I think those bees
were hatched not later than October IS, or perhaps Nov. 1,
though there is a chance that they came from brood started
much later than usual. The probability, though, is that
brood-rearing stopped at the usual time in the fall, which
would make them at least ten months old.

I wish that I might have had some queens from the
mother of those bees, in order that I might have determined
whether their exceptional longevity was accidental, or a
family trait that might have been transmitted. It is dtiubt-
ful if a more valuable trait could be secured, unless it be
that of a greatly increased working energy, than the vigor
and strength of constitution that would enable bees to with-
stand for even a few days longer the hardships of the work-
ing season. As the part of the bee's life that is s|i.nt in
honey-gathering is so very short, it is evident that exery
day added to the average life of the working force ■ ould

mean a very substantial increase in the amount of the honey
gathered by the colony. It is a matter of common obser-
vation that there will be a great difference in the amount of
honey stored by two colonies that to all appearances are
exactly alike at the beginning of the honey-tlow. We gen-
erally ascribe this difference to the greater working energy
possessed by one. Very likely in many cases at least, this
is the true solution, but I think that many times the supe-
riority of the winning colony lies only in the ability of each
of its bees to put in a few more days' work than their com-
petitors.

Again, most of us have noticed that there is a remark-
able difference in the way colonies breed up in the spring.
Of two colonies apparently alike on April 1, one may be
twice the size of the other three months later. We usually
lay this to the greater prolificness of the queen in the larger
colony. This may often be true, but I think that in most
cases the bees of the larger colony have lived to a greater
age. This would keep a larger force of bees in the hive all
the while, even if no more eggs were laid, but, further than
this, it is the presence of this greater number of bees that
permits more eggs to be laid and reared into brood.

There is nothing unreasonable in the supposition that
the bees of one queen live longer than those of another. We
are all familiar with the fact that some families in the
human race are much longer-lived than others, and that
this quality is transmitted from generation to generation.
There is a field here for the scientific queen-breeder that it
seems to me has been all but untouched. Of course, those
who have selected their breeding stock according to the
amount of honey gathered, and the way they have bred up
in the spring, have included this factor, perhaps without
knowing it, but, if so, it has been largely a groping in the
dark that could not yield tlie results that a more definite
knowledge of the ends to be aimed at might have secured.
If any breeder has paid special attention to this point, I have
never heard of it.

Whether or not there be anything in Dr. Gallup's theory
in regard to the " missing link," and however much of
exaggeration there may be in his wholesale condemnation of
modern methods (or perhaps I might say a// methods) of
queen-rearing, he deserves credit for calling attention to
the value of long life in workers as well as in queens. It
is a subject for the deepest thought and the most careful
experimentation. Mesa Co., Colo.

Foul Brood in the Province of Ontario.

BY INSPECTOR WM. M'EVOY.

FOUL, BROOD will soon be a thing of the past in Onta-
rio. The Province of Ontario had at one time more
foul-broody apiaries than any other Province or State in
the world, and now has less diseased ones than any coun-
try, barring none. Ontario has today more sound and very
choice apiaries for the number kept than any other country
in the world, and what has brought about such great re-
sults as these is a thing that I will here explain.

In 1890 Mr. Gemmill (one of the best all-round bee-
keepers that any country ever produced) saw very plainly
that the whole bee-industry of our Province was going to
be wiped out by the very rapid way that foul brood was
then being spread all over the country, with no law to
check it or prohibit'the sales of the many diseased colonies
that were being shipped into very many localities. Mr.
Gemmill knowing all this to be a fact, took hold and spared
neither time nor expense until he got the foul brood Act
passed, which has proved to be the best thing ever done for
the bee-industry of Ontario.

Just as soon as the Act was passed I was appointed in-
spector for the Province by the directors of the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association, on account of it being widely
known that I had been curing diseased apiaries for years
before that, and had been a success at the business, and for
this reason was considered a suitable man for the position.
I knew that I had a big job before me at that time, and
wanted a few thousand pamphlets published with my
method of treatment in to be sent to every bee-keeper in the
Province. This was complied with, and 10,000 of these lit-
tle books were ordered to be printed at once. A little later
I wrote asking to have .^00 printed in German. This was
also granted, and in a short time after that the 10,000 foul
brood pamphlets were sent direct from the Minister of Agri-
culture to the bee-keepers. These were a great help to me
in getting the many diseased apiaries cured.

The directors of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association

198

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

took hold at that time and helped me all they could, and
sent me lists of the apiaries that they wanted inspected,
and urged the bee-keepers everywhere to go strictly by my
treatment, which helped me immensely to get the disease
wiped out.

The first season that I went out on my rounds through
the Province, I found the disease in every village, town and
city that I went into, and also in every country place where
bees were kept, and now I am very much pleased to say
that I have succeeded in getting the disease almost driven
out of our Province, and now have it under perfect control,
and can very easily attend to the few apiaries that are sus-
pected to have a little of the disease in them. I hjive a few
apiaries in the county of Norfolk that are suspected to have
the disease, and a few in the county of Simcoe, and a little
work to do in western Ontario, and some down east ; this is
all that I know of, and I know more about the true condition
of the apiaries of Ontario than any man in it.

N. E. France is, and has been, the only inspector for
Wisconsin. W. Z. Hutchinson is the only inspector ap-
pointed for Michigan. But here in Ontario we have two
inspectors to do the work (myself and Mr. Gemmill), and I
have sent him out but twice in the last ten years.

Mr. Gemmill and I are not enough to satisfy some three
or four men, and these men want local inspectors appointed
all over the Province. We have 43 counties in Ontario, and
counting that we have eight townships in each county, that
would make 344 townships. Now, suppose that we appoint
an inspector for each township, and that each of these 344
men was to send in his bill at the end of the season for $30,
that would only amount to f 10,320. Where would this little
sum come from ? Would these men make no mistakes ?
They certainly would, and very many of them, and when
they would find foul brood, black brood, starved brood,
chilled brood, and brood that had been poisoned through
some foolish man spraying fruit-trees while in full bloom,
they would report many cases to be foul brood when it was
not. I have received more or less reports of this kind every
year since I have been inspector, and some from bee-keep-
ers that I did think would know it, and when I got to their
place was very much surprised to find that they were mis-
taken, and that it was a dead brood of another kind, and
not foul brood at all.

Any bee-keeper tha: has foul brood should apply to me
to help him, and he can depend upon it that I will never
report to any person but the Minister of Agriculture what I
found in his apiary. No bee-keeper should be foolish
enough to allow any person to examine his colonies that
would report that his apiary had foul brood, if he found it
there, because it hurts the sales in all such cases long after
the diseased apiaries have been cured. Cure your diseased
colonies if you can, and, if you can not, apply to me, and if
you have good reason to believe that the disease is in other
apiaries in your locality, send me a list of the apiaries you
want inspected, and I will see that they are cured ; but do
not ask me to tell if I find the disease in any of them, be-
cause it would cause trouble and do others no good. I have
to see that the diseased apiaries are cured, and that is suf-
ficient. Woodburn, Ontario, Canada.

Queen-Rearing— Replies to Critics.

BV HENRY ALLEY.

I HAVE seen much in this journal during the past winter
that was of more or less interest to the general reader. 1
have also seen much that could only interest the persons
who wrote the articles.

Now I admire having anything I send the papers for
publication criticised in a fair, manly way. In fact, I court
criticisms at all times. But when criticisms run to mere
personalities, I surely shall call a halt, so far as paying any
attention to them. Competent critics can do any opponent
honor ; but he who has had no experience in the matter under
discussion, and his argument is very personal, or says " I
think so," "I don't believe it," etc., these are the people
who should not appear in public print as critics. Such peo-
ple think they count, and have done a smart thing, but the
readers who possess a fair amount of horse-sense take no
stock in their cheap talk. For instance, a man away out
in Oregon made .some remarks, on page 130. This man said :
" I can pick out conclusive evidence enough to condemn his
entire method of rearing queens." I want to say to that
man that the methods I use in queen-rearing were tested,
found good, and pronounced so by the foremost bee-keepers

of the world long before that man's head was as large as a
cranberry. The idea of any man criticising another when
what he says plainly shows that he has had no experience
at all in the matter he so violently condemns I

" Beware of the $100 queen-man !" Why, I am unfortu-
nate enough just now to have a queen-bee I would not sell for
$100. Isn't that really a misfortune ? Just my luck ! What !
a queen-bee not worth $100? Let me tell a little experience
in this connection. Now, I am not certain about the year,
but I think it was the season of 187H. All the bees in east-
ern New England perished during the winter, not on ac-
count of a hard winter, but from some unknown cause. The
next spring I was not the owner of a colony of bees, not one,
not even a SO-cent queen. Well, I had to go among my
friends hunting up bees, and if possible a ir£?^rfzn^ queen.
Had I not found one I surely would have gone out of
the bee-business that year. I found one man in a town
6 miles away who had lost all his bees but one col-
ony in which I had put a fine Italian queen the
summer before. There was about a handful of bees
and as fine a queen as I ever owned. She was a $ioo
queen, dead sure. See if she was not worth that, when
you have finished reading this story. That queen and
the few bees were my entire stock in trade until I
went for miles around the country and found 25 colo-
nies of bees. I bought all the bees I needed after a while,
though only a colony here and there, and many of the colo-
nies were very weak. A good honey season and favorable
queen-rearing weather prevailed through the season. Now,
here's how I came out in the fall : I reared and sold more
queens that year, and at a greater profit, than in any other
year I have been in the queen-rearing business. My whole
success was in the one queen and handful of bees. Now,
Mr. Whitcomb, you set a price on that queen.

Mr. Whitcomb starts his article, on page 130, by saying:
" I see Mr. Alley disdains to refer to my $25 proposition,
etc." I am in total ignorance as to what Mr. Whitcomb
refers. I have seen no proposition from anyone, directed
to me in any publication. There, Mr. Whitcomb, I am done
with you. You may shoot away as much as you please. I
can spend my time to much better advantage than reply to
such articles as you or any other unheard-of bee-keeper can
call my attention to.

I also see in the same copy of the American Bee Jour-
nal that my old friend, Dr. Gallup, has not forgotten me. I
only want to say to the Doctor that he need not accuse me
of doing free advertising for myself. It is all unnecessary
for me to do that. I have been in the queen-rearing busi-
ness 40 years, and never in any year could I rear enough
queens to fill all the orders that came to me. Last fall I re-
turned $100 sent me for queens that I could not supply. AU
this business came through the American Bee Journal, as I
did not advertise in any other paper last year. Doesn't this
speak well for York and Alley ?

Some people are always happy in lauding their own vir-
tues and belittling those of other people.

Now I'll come down to something that will please the
readers of the " Old Reliable."

It has been said in this paper that no queen-breeder
sends out good queens. Of course, that is very sweeping,
as it takes in all but the person who makes the charge. He's
all right. I remarked in one of my previous articles that
the rearing of black queens and yellow-banded queens were
quite different things to do. 'Tis the easiest thing in the
world to rear black queen-bees. It requires no experience
nor science. Anybody can do it whoever saw bees. Doesn't
the reader remember when the only fowls in existence were
the old dung-hills ? Everybody had good success in raising
chicks and in setting eggs by the millions. An old hen
would " steal " her nest and bring a chick out of every c^^
that happened to be under her when she commenced to sit
on them. Just so with rearing old-fashioned bees and
queens. How much success do the people have nowadays
with the new-fangled breeds as compared with the dung-
hill variety ?

I'll ask all the queen-breeders in the land if they do not
have a good deal more trouble to rear what are called
"pure" Italians than they do in rearing hybrid queens ?
It is so. No one will deny it. Yet we are condemned be-
cause all our queens do not prove to be as good as those
hybrid queens reared by some people. We all can rear just
as good hybrids, and by much less fussy methods. Bee-
keepers do not want to buy hybrid queens; they won't
have them. Nor do people care any more to buy the old
(iiing-hill breed of fowls.

Some of the queens we send out do not prove to be as
good as they are expected to be. But these same queens

March 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

199

were promising when they were shipped. The fault is not
in the breeding. By this I mean that the breeder used all
his endeavors to produce good queens, and the queens ap-
peared to be all right when they were sent out. Don't say
the breeder was careless, or that he don't know how it is
done — credit the trouble to the great difficulty in breeding
queens of the j-ellow-banded strain.

For the benefit of the readers I present a cut (Fig. 1)
showing a batch of queen-cells built by a method with which

umbilic appendage — through this attachment the young are
nourished. Why is an itmbilical cord necessary in any
animal that is supplied with food sufficient to bring it into
existence while it is maturing ? When born it is able to
feed itself almost the moment it breathes ?

The urabilical-cord advocates may be correct in their
theory, but to me the whole thing seems very improbable
and unreasonable.

To-day, March 2, 1903, I received a letter from a bee-

Fig. 3.

mg. 2.

few bee-keepers are acquainted. Now the four rows of cells,
as illustrated, show all the correct indications of first-class
work done by bees. You will see that every cell is large,
long and heavily waxed. This latter feature is the strong-
est indication that the occupant of each cell is as good as
can be reared.

This batch of queen-cells was the last built in my
apiary in the season of 1902. Had they been started earlier
in the season twice as many cell-cups would have been
started.

Two powerful colonies of bees were used to complete
the cells, as the bees that start the cell-cups are not allowed
by the system to do so. The bees that start the cups work
only 24 hours on them. Then about a dozen of the cups are
given to the most powerful colonies in the yard to finish up.
Who on earth knows of a better system of rearing queens 7
Speak right up and let us all know. I have experimented
in this line nearly half a century, but I know of nothing so
good, nor do I know of any method that will come up to it.
/can rear better queens this ivay than 'tis possible to rear un-
der natural swarming.

One writer says, " No good queens are reared except in
cases where the queen drops an e^g in a cell-cup." I know
better, for years of experience, that but very few queens are
reared from cell-cups. Surely they are not in the natural
way. Now and then a cell-cup can be found at about swarm-
ing-time that has an egg in it. But there is no evidence in
any case that the cell-cup was first formed and the egg put
in it by the queen. I have seen an egg in some very shal-
low worker-cells. At swarming time, when the bees come
across such eggs they start up a cell cup at that point. I
have seen queen-cells built out on the face of solid brood, in
the center of a comb. When there happened to be a cell
with only an egg in it when the bees were seized with the
swarming fever, and that egg was used from which to rear
a queen, there was not the slightest chance for a cell-cup in
that spot.

Why don't people give actual facts, and not say, " I
think ?" I think does not go in a court of law. Why
should it count elsewhere any more .■'

In Fig. 2 I also show a single queen-cell. It will be
seen that this cell is also very heavily waxed, large at the
base, etc.

The third cell (Fig. 3) illustrates a very poor cell, that is,
a cell from which a very poor queen will emerge. It is mean,
short, and in no way indicates that the unborn queen is of
any value. Now when the queen emerges from the cell she
most likely will give positive evidence of the " missing link."

I have noticed that " missing link " in some cases, but
only on some queens that are half-nurtured, and most likely
were reared from a larva three or more days old. I never
saw anything about good, healthy young queens that would
indicate the existence of an umbilical cord. Only tl.c un-
born offspring of warm-blooded animals are connected by an

keeper away down in Argentine Republic, in which he says:
"I am a great admirer of your system of rearing queens,

which I learned through the American Bee Journal."

The above shows how a man who keeps 300 colonies of

bees appreciates a good thing. Essex Co., Mass.

\ Our Bee-HeeDln§ Sisters \

Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, III.
Emptying Unfinished Sections.

On page 130, Mr. Baldwin tells how he succeeds in get-
ting the bees to empty sections. We tried practically the
same thing without entire success. There was one differ-
ence, however : We tried it in the fall, he in the spring.
We want our sections all emptied in the fall, as we use
them for bait-sections, and would consider them spoiled for
that purpose if the honey was allowed to candy in them, as
it will be sure to do if left till spring.

Women Carpenters to the Front.

Ever since reading the experience of Kate V. Austin
(page 42), I have been contemplating with a good deal of
satisfaction how easily I could " take the wind out of their
sails ' by relating my own experience in carpentry work.
When, lo : presto, change. There remained only a gentle
zephyr in my own sails when I read the invitation to " beat
the record" of Mrs. Griffith (page 121). But while I am not
79 years of age, I am a sort of semi-invalid, relegated to
rural life to regain nerve force expended during a long
stenographic experience. And while I do not make my own
hives, 1 did make two bee-sheds last fall out of green oak
inch lumber. The sheds are 16 feet long, 3 feet wide, and
3 feet high, with lean-to roofs covered with tar building-
paper, and taut wires drawn over the upper and lower edges
of the roofs and attached to the sides, to keep the wind from
" raising the roofs."

I greatly fear our brother bee-keepers will have to look
well to their laurels, or they will be taken away by their
Twentieth Century sisters who can send a nail straight to
its intended destination, manipulate a dull, broken-handled
saw, and dextrously substitute a carving knife for a plane.

I may be tempted in the dim, distant future to confide

200

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

to the dear sisters something about a beginner's first year
(1902!) with 40 colonies of bees. But I shall have to en-
large my vocabulary before I could do it justice. Suffice it
to say for the present, that the aforesaid beginner survived
the ordeal, with a gain of a whole encyclopedia of experi-
ence, and a loss of a number of pounds of adipose tissue.

I enjoy the American liee Journal much more now that
" we girls" have exclusive right to a corner. L. S. R.

Ashtabula Co., Ohio.

Shouldn't wonder if L. S. R.'s gentle zephyr would
create quite a breeze. It ought to, I am sure. Two such
bee-sheds out of green oak lumber was no small undertak-
ing'— but let me whisper in your ear that wh3n a woman
makes up her mind to do a thing she usually does it, tools
or no tools ; but the description of the same is good, and
will appeal to most of us, as we probably have had a similar
experience. 1 had a good, hearty laugh over it.

Just ask the average man to use the same tools, and he
would say — but, there, lam not going to tell you what he
woidd say, you can imagine ; but let me tell you, the aver-
age woman will make a creditable job with just about such
an outfit.

Now, really, L,. S. R., do you think it just right to tan-
talize us in this way ? You know very well that we are
just sighing to hear "about a beginner's first year, 1902."
Do you think it sisterly to keep that whole encyclopedia of
experience to yourself — now, do you ?

I am very glad you enjoy our corner.

For Lovers of Honey-Comb.

The following was given in a daily paper :

" Cut the honey-comb from the box and put it in the
dish in which you wish to serve it. Then stand it in a
warm (not hot) oven. The wax will come to the top and
can be easily taken off, leaving a nice, clear honey. In this
way one may enjoy a pure, delicious honey without the dis-
agreeable wax."

It seems rather contradictory to be talking about dis-
ageeable wax to '■ lovers of honey-comb." Think of paying
the extra price for comb honey only to melt it and reduce it
to the form of the lower-priced extracted honey ! Better
tell that woman to buy a jar of " York's Honey !"

Life's " Little Things."

A German bee-journal gives the following :

" Our life is made up of little things. The things that
count most in life are little things."

That's right; the business-end of the bee isn't a quarter
of an inch long.

A Honey Coug-li Medicine.

An excellent cough medicine that maybe made at home
consists of olive oil, 2 ounces ; paregoric, 2 ounces ; honey,
2 ounces. Dose: One teaspoonful every two hours, if the
cough is severe. — The Delineator.

The Afterthought. *

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

BEKS CAN MANAGB THB POLIVBN SUPPLY.

On the matter at the end of page 83, I find my mind pro-
testing that our bees are not fools. They know when they
need pollen— and it's exceedingly probable that they have
some sense of it when they are getting an over-large supply
on hand. Should hardly think so obvious a matter worth
experimenting on. Pollen sometimes spoils on their hands ;
and then the work of clearing it out is sometimes a serious
one — and as such put off in favor of the more pressing work
of the hive. When bees have been accused of too much

pollen I guess it's usually a reasonable stock of fresh pollen
and a lot of damaged pollen, both on hand at once.

WAX-EXTRACTORS AND WAX-RENDERING.

Mr. H. H. Root, in an excellent article on wax-render-
ing, speaks of the sun-extractor as wasting wax. So it does
if you throw the remainders away. Don't throw "em away.
In my experience they keep for an indefinite period. Looks
to me like a good plan to keep the cake till a large amount
is on hand and then work it over. Possibly in somebody
else's method the worms would eat up the cake, but they
don't with me. Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the
solar wax-extractor, don't think of running an apiary with-
out one.

Took him down a bit — that chap who sent a sample of
the perfect work his press did. His cake was not all dough
— three-quarters dough and one-quarter pure wax. Eighteen
ounces of wax from five pounds of old comb was a very
high order of success. Comb that has had much brood
reared in it is not to be put in the solar at all. It is a serious
matter to keep comb from being all eaten up while the
happy leisure time to render it arrives. Box in a dark, cool
cellar, and put there before any larva; get hatched, is per-
haps as promising a resource as any. Page 85.

KEEPING QUEENS FOR MAILING.

No doubt, Mr. Morgan, most queen -breeders keep young
queens where for weeks they can lay but little — waiting
orders — and scout the idea of it's doing them a particle of
harm. Sometimes, however, the provoking chap who chal-
lenges the universal opinion and practice is the very one we
ought to listen to a little. And so to have Mr. Stahmann
wiped out with one prompt wipe, and never thought of
more, is not just what I prefer to see. Page 86.

BEES IN A SNOWDRIFT.

I would say to J. M. Young, page 86, that the trouble
with bees in a vast snowdrift is not that it smothers them,
but that they are too comfortable, and start a ruinous
amount of brood at the wrong time in the year.

HONEY TAKING UP WATER.

We knew very well that honey exposed to damp air
gains water and gets thin — but we did not know exactly to
what extent by weight. Would hardly have guessed that it
adds IS percent in quite ordinary circumstances, and in very
favorable circumstances twice that. So thanks to the
Canadian Chemist Shutt. Page 86.

RELIQUEFYING HONEY IN BOTTLES.

On page 87 it is said concerning reliquefying honey in
glass bottles: "Loosen the corks." Is this absolutelj-
necessary? I'm rather afraid it is ; but still I cherish the
idea that a sufficiently gentle application of heat in a warm-
ing-box will do the job nicely, and save corks, labels, and
everything. But I'm thinking of high-class honey perfectly
kept. Of course, if the honey was poor to begin with, or if
it has grown poor with the lapse of time (as it sometimes
does), it may froth on being heated and demand vent. Per-
chance the whole contents will have to be turned out and
the bottle refilled.

BOTTOM STARTERS OF COMB FOUNDATION.

Interested to learn that bees build the bottom starter
and t'lie upper one together before enough honey is put in
the top one to swing it out of perpendicular. Should have
guessed there was a danger there, but have no experience
with bottom starters myself. Page 88.

MELTING HONEY OUT OF WAX.

The last phrase on page 90 — " taking off the cake of
wax when cooled " — intimates that, of course, the heat will
be high enough to melt the wax. As melting out honey
without damaging it is one of the most difficult things we
undertake, why not try more — much more — time, and a
temperature below the melting-point of wax. The unmelted
wax can be squeezed out. Am just now trying this on a
pan of cappings that got solid before it drained. This one
trial seems to be a success ; but I should expect honey can-
died in the comb to be a little more stubborn.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

March 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

201

CONDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. miLLER, Mareafro, 111.

(The QaeBtlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mall. — Editor. 1

Camiolan Bees-tiettlns Increase.

1. Will Carniolan bees protect the hive, or colony, from wax-
moths as well as the Italians i

2. Could I put a hive-body on eaah colony of bees, and when there
is a large amount of bees, take off the top hive and move the old one,
setting the top hive on the old stand, and introduce a queen safely,
providing I have a honey-board between the two hives ? I wish to in-
crease the size of my apiary, and expect to buy several queens this
spring, but do not know which breed would meet my requirements.
The wax-inoths are the worst thing we have to contend with.

Arkansas.
Answeks. — 1. I don't know. Will someone please tell us ; The
Italians have great reputation in this regard.

2. Yes, but it might not prove the most satisfactory plan.

Putting Bees Out of the Cellar Early.

1. What will be the probable result it I put my bees out of the
cellar, on the summer stands, a little too early ? Will they not, when
coming from the cellar, stand a little severe weather or freezing as
well as bees that are out at the same time and have not been housed i

2. Did you mean to say that bees may be safely put out-of-doors
when the buds on soft-maple begin to swell, or the sap run ?

The days are warm, and my bees are getting restless. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. They will be likely to fly out when too cold, many
bees being thus lost. I don't know that I can give you a satisfactory
reason for it, but I don't believe a colony brought out of the cellar will
stand severe March weather as well as one that has been out all win-
ter.

3. No, if the soft-maple is to be taken as a guide, wait till it is out
in full bloom.

Introducing aueens.

I bought an Italian queen last August, introduced her on the day
of arrival. She was accepted all right, and assumed her duties at once.
About two weeks afterward I was surprised to see young Italian work-
ers about the entrance of the hive.

Why should a colony be left queenless 24 hours after removing
the "old" queen, before introducing the "new "' one ? I have not
handled many, but what few I have, have all been introduced just one
hour after removing the old queen, and every one accepted. All that I
introduced was in August or the first of September. Perhaps it would
not work earlier in the season.

Yesterday (Feb. 20) was a warm, spring-like day. When near my
bouse at noon, on the way to dinner, I could hear the humming of the
bees, and on going out to the bee-yard it seemed as if there were a
couple of swarms in the air. They were having a great flight.

I have y colonies in the cellar ; they never did so well and kept so
quiet as this year, to date. Illinois.

Answer. — A colony of bees with a satisfactory queen will never
accept another kindly within an hour of the removal of their iiwn
queen, and they are left queenless 24 hours or more, so that becoming
copscious of their queenlessness they may be ready to accept any queen
given them. You say you introduced them successfully within an
hour of the removal of the old queen, but I feel pretty sure that they
were caged, and the real introduction came hours afterward when the
candy was eaten out and bees and queen had an opportunity to shake
hands. Whether it is best to put the caged queen in the hive at the
time of removing the old queen or some time later is a mooted ques-
tion.

Feeding in the Cellar— Foul Brood

Etc.

-Extracting-Frames,

1. When bees are fed in the cellar at a temperature of about 40
or 45 degrees, will the queen go to laying and hatching brood ;

2. Which is the best food for bees when they run short of stori"^ in
the winter, candy or syrup '.

3. What are the chief causes of foul brood ; I have never heard of
a case in this section.

4. My hives are all S-frame Langstroth hives. Would 10-framcs
be better, where the bees are confined to the cellar for five months :

.5. I notice some give their bees Hights during the winter. I sic no
way of doing it here, where the ground is covered with snow.") monihs.

e. Will it be necessary to wire foundation in shallow extractin-j;-
frames to be used in a Cowan extractor ?

tor!

Can 3 shallow frames be put in one basket of a Cowan extrac-

S. How much more honey should a good colony store by placing
shallow extracting-frames with foundation, and extracting the same
whenever filled, where the colony would store 50 pounds of comb
honey *

0. Would it be wise to have Italians, red clover bees and Car-
niolans all in the same yard, and let them mix with each other ?

New York.

Answers. — 1. Hardly, unless the feeding be kept up regularly for
some time.

2. Candy.

3. The chief and the only cause is the presence of a microbe,
B'lclUus (i/rei, and the disease is generally conveyed to a healthy col-
ony by means of honey from a diseased colony. A drop of infected
honey no larger than a pin-head is enough to start the destruction of
an entire apiary.

4. That depends. It would take less care on your part to prevent
starving if you should change to the larger hives.

5. I think if you watch closely you will find that there is no place
in the State of New York, probably, where there will not be at least
one day warm enough for bees to fly before time to take them out for
good.

6. They will at least be better for it.

7. Yes, if the frames are small enough, although it may not be
the most convenient.

8. I don't know. The answer has been given all the way from
nothing to two or three times as much, there being a great variation
under different circumstances.

9. Yes, if you do not care about keeping either kind pure.

The Nucleus Method of Increase.

I am desirous of increasing my bees as much as possible. We
have honey coming in during fruit-bloom, and a little during dande-
lion bloom, but after that not much until alfalfa and sweet clover,
which commences the latter part of June and continues until the last
of August or first part of September, then the honey comes in slowly.

We cut alfalfa three times. The first and second crops hav^
plenty of time to bloom, and there is often quite a lot of bloom on th"
third crop. .

1. Will it pay me to make nuclei and feed them between fruit-
bloom and alfalfa (last week in June), to build them up, when honey
is worth 5'. J cents per pound '. or will it pay the best to sell the honey
at that price ?

2. Can I increase fast by taking strong colonies and brush or
shake the bees on foundation or starters in a new hive on the old
stand, leaving the brood in the old hive in a new location, and give
them a capped queen-cell, when enough bees have hatched from the
combs, and feeding both with honey until the honey-flow is good in
the field ? Will this plan work, and pay?

I rear queens according to Doolittle's cell-cup plan. Utah.

Answers. — 1. So long as you want the increase, better feed the
nuclei.

2. The plan is not good for rapid increase. You can beat it with
the nucleus plan.

Shaken Swarms.

In using the shaken-swarms process, how will it do to shake all
the bees and queen of one colony, and nearly all the bees of another
colony, into an empty hive, putting the two old hives together, one on
top of the other, with one of the queens and just enough bees to care
for the brood, in a new location ! Will the colony having the brood
be likely to cast a swarm ; How would you work them, when the
brood hatches confine them to one brood-nest, and put on a super ! I
want combhonev, and no increase. Would this plan work well *

Ohio.

Answer. — Somewhat the same plan as you propose is in use across
the water. S. Simmins, of England, practices the plan given on page
67 of this journal. In Germany it is the practice of some to take all
the brood from a shaken swarm and put it over another strong colony.
Either of these plans leaves you with the same number of colonies.
The Germans (and it was from Germany that the shaken-swarm plan
came) say that when you put this force of brood over a strong colony,
the colony thus strenghtened by so much brood will not swarm. Evi-
dently, however, the colony would not be in the best condition right
away for comb honey.

But why do you want to put one of the hives in a new location ?
and would you leave nothing on the old location ; That wouldn't work,
for you of course know that the field-bees would go back to their old
location. Very likely, however, the two colonies you mean to operate
upon are standing close together on the same stand, and then you
would be all right. A little care must be taken not to leave too few
bees on the same stand, for in a day or two all of its field-bees will
have deserted it for the old stand, and it will be still weaker than you
left it.

The colony with the brood will not be likely to swarm unless j-ou
take away some of its brood-combs.

Yes, the colony with the brood could be set to work on sections
byreducing to one story. Neither would it be necessary to wait till
the brood hatches (about three weeks i. but perhaps in about ten days
you could take away one story, leiivitig the combs with most sealed
brood. There would probably be soiiu- danger of this colony swarming.

You express surprise that you find in " Forty Years Among the

202

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

Bees " that I don't like tlie Manum swarm catcher. That hardly gives
the correct situation. If I should follow natural swarming, especially
with undipped queens, I should want to use it. But I don't lilie
natural swarming, nor anything connected with it, and would probably
succeed in making a failure of any sort of a swarm catcher.

Rendering Combs into Wax— Spring Feeding.

1. Give a good plan for melting up some wax when I have no solar
wax-extractor. I do not have wax enough to pay to buy a solar
machine.

2. Will a brass or copper vessel injure the quality of the wax ?

3. Would you mix syrup with honey fed this spring ?

Illinois.

Answers. — 1. Take an old dripping-pan (a new one will do as
well), split open one corner, and put in the pan your old combs or
whatever is to be rendered. Put the pan in the oven of a cook-stove
with the split corner projecting outside, of course leaving the door of
the oven open. Put something under the inside corner of the pan,
making it an inch or so higher than the split corner, so that when the
wax melts it will run out. Set under the split corner a dish to catch
the dripping wax, and there you are.

2. I don't know; I think not. Iron will darken it.

'S. For spring feeding it will be a little better to have pure honey,
but syrup will do very well.

Why Didn't the Queens Hatch ]

Why did my queen-cells not hatch last summer? I practiced the
Doolitlle plan of making queen-cells. I used a common wooden rake-
tooth to shape the cells. All the queens would live until about three
days before hatching, and then die. I am a beginner, and ask for
information. Maine.

Answer. — I don't know. Just now I think of only two things as
most likely. One is. that the young queens may have been put where
they chilled. The other is, that they may have been shaken.

Transferring Crisscross Combs.

I have some hives with comb all crosswise of the brood-frames,
and would like to ask how to transfer the bees to another hive, with-
out hurting the bees. Colorado.

Answer. — You can transfer them just as your text-book instructs
you to transfer from a box-hive, or you may take the easier plan of
turning the hive upside down, and with a handsaw cut loose any
attachmenis of combs to the sides of the hive, and then lift the body
of the hive off the combs Then you can easily get at the combs to
deal with them as you please. If you wait till three weeks after the
colony has cast a swarm, there will be no worker-brood in the way.

If the case is not very bad, and some of the combs are straight in
the frames, lift out the straight combs, then cut enough to get out
the others, and then straighten them in their frames.

Early Pollen-Gathering— Wiring Frames Making Hives
—Foot-Power Saw.

1. About 3 o'clock, p.m., Feb. 15, I went out to look at my bees.
The sun was shining brightly, but the wind was blowing cold (in the
morning it was 16 degrees below freezing), and I found them working
quite freely, and some carrying in pollen. What is the reason they
carried in pollen so early ? Other years I saw the first pollen about
the middle of March.

3. If I wire the shallow 6-inch frames, can I use extra-thin sur-
plus foundation in them' How many wires ought I to put in, and
where should they be <

3. Which is the best way to do, to have enough extracting-supers
to last the whole season through and extract all at once, or put on one
super and let the bees fill it almost full, then raise it up and put
another under it, and then extract when it is full, and so on?

4. How many feet of lumber will it take to make 100 bee-hives, 10
frames, with four 6'4-inch extracting-super frames and all complete?

5. What do you know or think about the Barnes combined
machines? I would buy one as soon as possible if I knew it would
not run too hard. Can it be run with the foot to satisfaction?

6. Have you one, or do you make your bee-hives?

7. If it is too hard to run it with the foot, could I get a little pul-
ley, and put it on the axle (as it might be called) of the big wheel,
and put on some water-power? Would the pulley or belt be in the
way?

8. If it can not be run with the foot, what are they made for'

9. There is a little ditch in front of my shop and bees, and there is
running water there about a foot wide. How many horse-power is this
equal to, running through a trough about :S0 feet long, 4 feet lower at
the bottom than at the top? Would it be better to have it incline
about a foot, and let it fall about 3 feet on the water-wheel ?

Oregon.
Answers. — 1. There was no unusual reason for their carrying in
pollen on that date. Bees will always carry in pollen when it is warm
enough for them to fly, it there is pollen to be had. But there must

be something wrong with your thermometer if it marked 16 degrees
below the freezing point when the bees were flying.

3. I don't know, but I fear you could not use extra-thin without
four or five wires. You could probably use thin surplus foundation
with two horizontal wires, one 2 inches below the top-bar and the
other 13 5 to 2 inches lower.

3. Dadant ifc Son are away up in producing extracted honey, and
they have enough frames so they do not extract till the close of the
season.

4. I don't know; I have never cut any bee-hives from the lumber
since I gave up using box-hives. Any one, however, who can cut
them out can figure up the amount of lumber. It will vary somewhat
according to the boards used, some lengths making more waste than
others. The work can be done to so much greater advantage at the
factories where they are made by the thousand that I can not allord to
do any of the work except to nail them together.

5 and 6. As already said, I do not make my own hives, and have
never had any of the Barnes machines, but their reputation I know to
lie excellent.

7. I have had no experience in the matter, but there is little doubt
that they could be rigged to run by any kind of power.

8. Those that are made for that purpose can be run by foot-
power, and for some may be all right, as where no great amount of
work Is to be done, and extra help can easily be had; but unless a
man has extra strength he will hardly want to run one alone all day
long, if I am rightly informed.

9. I don't know. Any one who is entirely at home in such mat-
ters can have the floor.

Feeding Granulated Corn-Sugar.

What about granulated sugar made from corn ? Would it do to
make into syrup to feed bees in the spring, when they can fly every
few days? Illinois.

Answer. — I never saw granulated sugar that was made from
corn, but I have seen it in solid cakes, and there is probably not much
difference. I think you need not fear any harm from feeding it to the
bees in the spriny when they fly every few days. But I wouldn't like
to warrant that it will do any good, for it is somewhat doubtful
whether the bees will take it.

Bees Rushing Out of Hives When Uncellared.

We have had trouble about our bees rushing out lively when taken
from the caves and cellars, all getting mixed apparently, and when
returning fill some of the hives full of bees and leave others badly
weakened, so as to make it detrimental to the depopulated hives.
W'ould a wet rag stuffed in the entrance be good, leaving only room
for a few bees to pass in and out at once ! or would simply closing
the entrance almost entirely answer ? Iowa.

Answer. — I confess to you that there are things connected with
your question that I don't understand. Every j'ear, for mahy years,
I have taken out my bees with a rush, taking them out so that all
could have a flight that first day. Others say that when they do that
the bees swarm out and make lots of trouble, but I have never had
any serious trouble. Some say to take out a few each day. That
would work badly here, for when it comes time to take bees out of the
cellar there may not be two days in succession fit to take them out.
Indeed, the two good days may be several days apart. Possibly one
reason for the difference lies in the condition of the bees. The night
before mine are taken out, doors and windows are open to the widest,
and all night long they have fresh air. So, when they are taken out
they do not feel the change of air, and often they do not fly out of the
liive at all for some minutes after being put on the stands. If taken
out of the close air of a cellar when they are very uneasy, they may
get so excited that they will swarm out.

A biy rag made wry wrt is one of the best things to lay against the
entrance when you want to keep bees in temporarily, but I doubt that
it would help any in the case under consideration. I would rather
have the bees so quiet that there is no need to fasten them in. Try
giving them a tremendous airing the night before taking out, and
please report results.

* ■ »

Keeping Bees in a City.

1. If I kept a few colonies of bees on the roof of a barn in the
city, would they be apt to sting or bother people passing by on the
street? The barn is about 60 feet from the street.

2. Is a bee-keeper liable for damages if some one is stung in his
vicinity ?

3. As a rule, do bee-keepers in cities have much trouble with their
neighbors about their bees?

4. Would the bees attack a horse in passing in and out of the
barn? Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. No, there would be scarcely a possibility of any
trouble.

3. That's a question for lawyers to answer, each one for his own
State, but under ordinary circumstances he would probably not be
held accountable.

3. Very little, so far as I know ; but, of course, they are generally
careful.

4. Not likely, the flight of the bees being above where the horse

March 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

203

LFROM MANY FIELDS |

Good Prospects for Clover.

Prospects are exceedingly good for the
cotiiing clover honey crop, with the bees win-
tering well, with plenty of good tlights tor
those outside, and plenty of mild weather for
all. There is not much frost in the ground —
a thing which, in the past, has counted well
for clover honey. Frank Coveroale.

.laclison Co., Iowa, Feb. 14.

Coldest Weather of the Winter.

This has been the coldest weather we have
had this winter; it registered down to zero,
and will damage the bees of this section a
great deal. The bees have not had the proper
care to stand so bad a spell of weather — they
are left to take care of themselves. They
swarmed so much last summer that 30 percent
have already died. Those that have taken
some interest in their bees say they were all
right until this cold snap, and we don't know
how they will get through this spell. It
looks like snow, and the ground is covered
with snow now. M. H. Sossaman.

Franklin Co.. Ark , Feb. 20.

Clipping Queens' Wings.

I would beg leave to differ from Gustave
Leupold in regard to clipping the wings of
queens. In an experience of 33 years in
handling bees, probably one-third of the time
with most of the queens clipped, while others
were undipped, I would rather take care of
100 colonies with clipped queens than 10 un-
dipped.

Hives with clipped queens must be set close
to the ground, so the queen can return if the
swarm is not discovered when they come out.
Of course, if the hive is set 3 or 4 feet from
the ground she will soon become food for
ants or toads, if she is not able to return to the
hive. The weeds and grass must also be kept
down around the hives, and the hives put 6
feet or more apart. S. L. Sherman.

Mahaska Co., Iowa, March 4.

Last Season Nearly a Failure.

The past season was nearly a failure in this
locality. From b2 colonies, spring count, I
got about 900 pound-sections of honey, but
swarms galore. The bees got honey enough
to keep them in the swarming-fever, which
they did in great shape. I doubled down to
7" colonies, which I put into winter quarters
in very good condition. They are doing well
up to this date, but I am some alarmed about
the condition that they will be in in the
spring, as the fall flow did not amount to
anything, from which, of course, they would
not breed late; it is the late brood that tells
in the spring.

We are having an old-fashioned winter, 12
inches of snow on the level, and very cold
weather; it has been as low as 42 degrees be-
low zero. I have a bee-cellar that never
freezes, so the cold weather does not worry
me as far as the bees are concerned. I will
report how the bees come out in the spring.
Frank E. Knapi-.

Wadena Co., Minn., Feb. 20.

Missouri to Organize— Good Pros-
pects.

I have just read the call for the organiza-
tion of a -Missouri Bee-Keepers' Association,
which I heartily second, and have sent in niy
fee as a charter member. I have often won-
dered why such an organization was not
formed long ago. Missouri has lots of bee-
keepers, as the last census will show, and I
hope before long to see a strong union of Mis-
souri bee-keepers. lamas great a ijee-enthu-
siast as ever lived. My grandfather was a

To make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
Book Business Oair7iQK&Cat,212 free. W. Chester, Pa

THoiisaiids ot Hives - Millions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling g-oods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shippinj,' to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

■J^ This is a good time
,V jA> to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. « iHiriS

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

FOR THE BEST

-HITES, S.nOKERS, EXXRACTORS, FOU]\l» AXIOI* -

AND ALL

BEE-KEEPERS' Si;PPI.IES,

HiEj^mr

Ditlmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

tVorking «-ax into Fonndatiou ior Cash a Specialty. Beeswax
alM'ays tvanled at liigfbest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

PRAVING

Our line or sprayers ana appll-
ancep fits every man's needa.

Hand.Knapsack.Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Po>ver

Fpriivern twenty styles. Best nozzles
*^cl'- t the useful and reliable. Catalog free

THE DEMING CO., Salem, 0

agtnt*, Benton ^ HtibbeU . Chieagt

FOR NOTHING.]

Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to mv catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please iicntion the Bee Jouruiil ^^^"^ ^*^^

Advertisers »•*•*

204

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

SSQSQSQSSSSSSS;*SSSSSQSQ«SSQSSSQSSSQSSQSSSSQS!

0

•W-a^y«^^yj, jf I

5.>^twSL'

Everything

FOR BEES...

y^'

KRETCHMER MFG.

Red Oak, Iowa.

CO.,

p

a 13D13t

Please mention Bee journal when 'writing.

CatalofT with hundreds of g

NEW illustrations FREE to S

bee keepers. Write for it n(i\v ^

if

•J--:-* (0

AGENCIES: 0

Trester Supply Co., Lincoln, g

Nebraska. £9

Shugrart l'C: Ouren, Council /i

Bluffs, Iowa. 0

^^e-IVayRa^^^

To Many
Poi n ts in

To Many
Points i n

the State of n^^J Oregoii and
California %I^P'' Washington

EVERY DAY

The Vnion Pacific will sell One-way
Colonist Tickets at the following rates

FROM MISSOURI RIVER TERMINALS

$25.00 to San Francisco, Los Angeles ) Tickets on Sale

, /-^ 1 • f ■ • r r^O, 10

and many other Lahtornia points. ) to June 15, 1903
$20.00 to Ogden and Salt Lake City. \
$20.00 to Butte, Anaconda and Helena.]

$22.50 to Spokane&Wanatchee, Wash. f Tickets on
$25.00 to Everett, Fairhaven and New^ Sale Feb. 15
Whatcom, via Huntington & Spokane./'" '^o'" 30,
$25.00 to Portland, Tacoma & Seattle.V '^"'
$25.00 to Ashland, Roseburg, Eugene,]

Albany and Salem, via Portland.
From Chicago and St. Louis Proportionately Low Rates are in eflect by Lines
Connecting with the Union Pacific to all Above Points.
E. L. LOMAX, a. P. & T. A.,

OMAHA, NEB.

f Miilli's Special the Best i

A complete line of LEWIS'iMATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with ^ Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

IW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPFRS'. SUPPLIES.

;1:j Front & Walimt Sis,. CINL NXATI.'.OHK... .

""1 III i|i[i "^^ 'y"'iF"irTP'"'Cr'"'CCrT3nin»~^~;L.

great bee-keeper, settling in Missouri in 1840,
when the woods were full of wild bees. He
was an expert hunter, and had a barrel of
wild honey every fall. My father followed
him, and I am following both. I would
rather hunt bees than do anything else I know
of. There are still some wild ones, and I am
known all over the country as the bachelor
bee-hunter and bee-keeper, although I am only
a young man yet.

I have some of the best bee-books which I
read and study with pleasure. I have taken
the " old reliable " American Bee .Journal for
lour years, and I have every copy nice and
clean.

We have the best prospect I ever saw for a
good crop of honey nest year. I hope it will
prove so. H. S. Carroll.

Shelby Co.. Mo.. March 6.

Season of 1902,

We had a poor honey season in 1902, but my
bees averaged 100 pounds per colony, and still
some increase.

I like the American Bee Journal and the
gritty old Dr. Gallup. J. G. Rystrum.

Chisago Co., Minn., Feb. 33.

Prospect Better than Last Year.

We are just now having a much-needed
rain, making the prospect much brighter, but
even with this we are not yet fully assured of
a honey crop, as the rainfall up to date is
only a fraction over 9 inches; but the pros-
pect is much better than at this time last
year. (^lEO. W. Brodeeck.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., March 5.

No Cuban Bee-Keeping for Him.

I have just returned from a four months'
sojourn in the island of Cuba, and now hasten
to attend to my neglected business. I shall
never own a single colony of bees on that
island. It there is any place on this earth
where eternal vigilance is the price of success
it is in the island of Cuba. The bees are for-
ever and always doing just the opposite oE
what the bee-keeper wants them to do.
Deliver me from Cuban bee-keeping forever.
Thos. Broderick.

Cayuga Co., N. Y., March 5.

He's Getting There.

I became interested in bees one j'ear ago,
knowing nothing about them at the time. I
bought a colony of Italians and the Lang-
stroth book, and subscribed for the American
Bee Journal. I am getting there slowly.

I increased my one colony to three, got 10
pounds of honey, and found out I have a
whole lot to learn. Harry Greves.

Hudson Co., N. J., March 9.

A Queen-Rearing Experience.

I have been very much interested in the dis-
cussion on queen-rearing in the Bee Journal
lately. While I do not know much about it
myself I have studied it a good deal, and have
come to the conclusion that Mr. Alley's
queens can not be as good as queens reared in
the natural way, although Mr. Doolittle's
plan may be all right, provided his colonies
are good and strong.

Now, I will tell of a little experience I had
with a colony. It cast a very large swarm ;
of course I looked for the queen, as she was
clipped, and I failed to find her, and the
swarm returned and clustered on the front of
the hive and remained there eight days, after
which a second swarm issued with a young
queen ; they clustered, and I hived them, and
they did well that year (six years ago). The
lirst swarm was still clustered on the outside
of the old hive two days after they swarmed
with the young queen, the old clipped queen
came out, and the swarm that was clustered
on the hive followed her. I caught and
caged her, and moved the old to the new
stand, and put another in its place, putting the
caged queen on the alighting-board. When
the swarm returned I let the queen run in
with them, and they did welL^The colony

March 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

205

Tennessee dueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select lonjf-tong-ued
iMoore'&f, and Select, Strai^rbt
5-band Queens, fired .V4 miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2^! miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

'lA2t.t SPRING HILL, TENN.

PleP'sft mention Bee Journal when writing

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T P RINHf-

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our tride is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders — all free.

The Largest Stock of Bee Keepers' Supplies
in Indiana. C. M. 5C0TT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

49A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the first «.'» you
take in to start you in a good paying busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of swmplea
and directionH how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago, Ills.

5

The Care Taken

In the manufacture of every foot of Piti^p Fence
must be appreciated by ueers Oar trade is t,'rowmK.
PAGEUOVKN WIUEFENCK CO.. ADUI A.N.MICH.
Please zaentaon Bee Journal -wtieii wxitim^

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of those unique
supplies. These g^oods are equal to if not the
best on the market. Give "<' a trial order. We
are also agents for the Progressive Bee-
Keepek, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. FRANK L. ATEN.
Cotalog Free. Ronnd Rock, Tex.

46A26t Please mention the iiee Journal

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sas ions 2Sfls soft

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover l.SO 2.^0 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.25 n 00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 d^ 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, II,I<

with the youii;.' i|iieen wintered well and
started swarrnin;: early; they swarmed six
times, and I t.n.k over 100 pounds of ex-
tracted honey fnun the hives, not couutiuf;
the swarms, whicli have as much as l."iO
pounds more, as I extracted from two of
theiii, and wintiied four of them without
feeding. That was a queen reared under the
swarming impulse. Edward Knoll.

Grey Co., Ont., .March 2.

Shaken Swarms— Catnip.

Shaken swarms — how about the extra
frames (sometimes i ; Melt the old combs into
wax, is it? Old oombs are best, sometimes.
Ah, law! Mr. Ail<in (page 119); the brood
might be half and half above and below.
Then, ray !

Don't be too hard on Dr. Gallup, Experi-
ence sometimes is a good teacher. I have
seen the big queens with the big colonies
myself, and the loiisest-lived ones, too.

I will try to tell something about catnip
some time. My bees are wintering on it
partly this winter. Hawkeye.

Hard Winter on Bees.

This winter has been a pretty hard one on
bees, compared with former winters.

December was unusually cold, and the
ground was kept covered with snow. Only
on the first and last days of that month had
the bees a (light, and on Dec. 4, 2.5 and 2(i the
mercury went down 2 degrees below zero.

.January proved to be somewhat better; the
snow gradually melted away, and mv bees
had a flight on .Jan. 1. 3, 6, 15, 16, 2.5 and 31.
We had but two zero days — Jan. 11 and 12.

February was the meanest month so far.
Bees flew on Feb. 1, and celebrated Washing-
ton's birthday in fine order, as all dutiful and

KT II r I Kw I FOR 30 DAYS

That's the way we sell the ^g

ROY&L INCUBATOR,

ROYAL INCUSATOR CO.,
Oept. 78 DeslVloines. Iowa.

Please mention Bee joumai wa6n writl2i&

800 lbs. of Honey One Season

From one col. ; 5 tous comb honey from 33 cols,
one season. First to aavertise bees that would
store honey from red clover 30 years ago. Fine
Queen Mothers a specialty. Originator of Gold-
dust strain of Rose Comb Buff Leghorns-
largest and best laversofall Leghorns. My
circular tells vou all. H. BOOMHOWER.
12A2t Gallupvillk, N.Y.

'-'''=-as© mention Bee Journal -wlien •wntlne;

GOOD SEEDS

arden Seed CollccUon. FIowbt Seed '
»« fl Oftflt rtift- 1 0 Ui^ packet

Both 25c Cotts.1or40c both 50c Cofls.for7Sc.

"""missourT valley sIeed CO.'

P.O.Boi 557.'TA«q^'^B««dgter«."SI.Josept!.Mo.|

lease mention the Bee Jo

T

BEARING TREES

OUR BOOK

HOWTOGROW

FRUIT

TITUS NURSERYnenSJ?aneb

FREIGHT

PAY

JKLl

Please mention the Bee Jo

oal.

Wanted to furcDase

200 to 400 colonies of BEES— northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Tex:- State price, f.o.b. cars:
also kind of hive, \v i h and withoul supers; and
condition of bees, at l ut April 1st to 10th.
Address, Dr. < , i- .. I>. Mitchell Jc C(».,

12Atf :>2') Wash. Avenne, Ogden, Utah.

Please mention Bct Journal -when -writlaft

SPLIT HICKORY

BARCAINS!

The followi ni,' vehicles are all of the celebratt^d
Split Hirkory make and arn sold direct to user
from factory at factory prices. Wu send them
anywhere on

30 Days' Free Trial

and absolutely pnaranteo them for two years
from the time th-y leavo our factory. Our 1903
catalosue is now ready and contains hundreds
of exclusive styles of vehicles and harness of
every description. It is free and you should
send for it before buyinff a vehicle or harness.
We manufacture every vehicle we ofter for sale.
If you get a Split Hickory you are sure of get-
inesomethinc that will i>lease you and a bar-
pain. Remember you can only buy a Split
Hickory of us direct as Wo do not sell jobbers
or dealers.

This IB our

SPLIT HICKORY
HUMMER

HaeSOoz.fuUru?
top, split hickor^
wheels, best eleel
axles & epringp,
finely finished,
nHat, strong and
substantial, the
best value ever
offered at the price.
Sold on :iOdav6' fre
a bartjalnand if vni
flS.OOeend It back.

SPLIT HICKORY
WINNER

every user. Has
genuine leath-
er quarter top,
"prmg cushion

a.=iked If not satisfactory: just send it back It" It Isi
:t20. 00 cheaper than equal quality at retail.
And here Is our

SPLIT HICKORY
SPECIAL

ible 'to

description here.
Has 100 points of

$72-

Spllt Hickory
'FASHION"

extension top

SURREY

Roomy, com-
fiirtable, strong
and substantial.
, Equal to surreys
that retail for
from $100 to $12.5.
Will last a lifetime. Everyone shipped on 30 days'
irt-e trial and guaranteed two years.

Write at once for our free catalogne of
voliicles and harness; a penny spent for a postal
may save you $2.j. 00. Remember there is only
(me place to get Split Hiokory Vehicles
and that is at our factory. We have no agents.

OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO.,
Station ^ Cincinnati, Ohio.

f lease mention Bee journal -when ■writrne

POULTRY PAYS

hen the hens lay. Keep them

■ ag. For hatrhing and brood-

jse the best reasonable priced

tf ■ t I iiiuubators and Brooders — built

^ -^ upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS "^

U A. Banta, Llsanlrr, Indiana

+6A20t Please mention the Bee Journal.

206

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

lENGILARIA

the money
maker for

PI
Produces four times asmu.hhaya
much as cane, millet or any other plant, and of Letter
quality. One lb. will plant an acre. Per lb. 75c,
5i lb, 2fic, sample free if you mention this paper. Large illus-
trated catalogue of Garden and Farm Seeds, Saed Corn, etc.,

FREE. IOWA SEED CO., Des Moines, Iowa.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We ha^e received a car-load of these unique
suppplies this year aod are nearly all sold. We
expect to order another car soon. These g-oods
are equal to if not the best on the market. Give
us a trial order. We are also agents for the
Progressive Bee Keeper, price 50 cents per
year. Send your orders and subscriptions to us.
We sell at factory prices.

A COOL MILLION

of Snowy Wisconsin Sections, and 10,000 Bee-
Hives, ready for prompt shipment. Send for
catalog — it's free.
3A13t R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., Scheboygan.Wls.

TO BE GIVEN AWAY.

Book FRKE.

For Next 30 Days Only,

mail our fine valuable Poultry
you all aboutpoultry,
mey with poultry and
epgs, contains colored plate of fowls in

JOHN BAUSCHER. Jfl!'. B:x 94™ FREEPORT.IU

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We a^e authorized iobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH. MICH.

23 Colonies Bees For Sale.

All in dovetail Langstroth hives, wired frames
with full sheets foundation, 2 supers on eacb
hive, with modern super furniture: 2s empty
hives, brood-chamber with full straight combs
on wired frames, combs in good condition; 2
furnished supers on each hive; lot of other bee-
keepers' supplies, wax-extractor, etc.

12A2t FRANKLIN MOORE. Balleyville, III.

Please mention Bee Journal wHen VTTitmg

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to Qiet-i ih<«*- wDo work for ua. Cow keepers si i\ ays
have mt-nej . Wu start you Id bueloea'*. You make
large profiU. Easy wnrk. We furnish capital. Send
10 cents for full line of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cblcago, ills.

nissourl Valley Seed Co.— The above seed
house makes a special offer in our columns on
both vegetable and flower collections, which
will interest many readers. What is found
there is only a suggestion of the good things
and character of prices given in this catalog.
The house is perfectly leliable, and any one
taking advantage ot these liberal special offers
will not be disappointed. That will bring alon^-
the Company's late catalog and culture book
which is filled with suggestions of what to
plant in vegetables and flowers, and directions
for the growing. The house is located at St.
Joseph, Mo., where they have all facilities for
furnishing best seeds in inQnite variety. See
their advertisement elsewhere, and please men-
tion the American Bee Journal when writing.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than anv other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cooii, Claremont, Cal.,
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Helper Wanted

1 oung man wilt
large apiary in t
city; ererything
years of experienc
chanic. Give age.

xperience to

close to church and

To help man with

; also a thorough me-

ages wanted.

reference, etc. Address. G. PURPLE,
Care American Bee Journal,

144 E. Erie Street, Cbicvgo, III.

patriotic bees should. We had five zero
days in February, and it was 14 degrees below
zero on Feb. 16. So far, we have had 41
inches of snow, of which about 6 inches on
the level remains.

There has been a larjjer percentage of dead
bees this winter than usual; but taiie it all in
all I can say that my bees have wintered well.
But we still have about eight weeks before we
can say that we are out of the woods. I ex-
pect that losses in wintering about here will
be heavy before we have reached the month
of May. Wm. Stolley.

Hall Co., Nebr., March 5.

Bees Wintering Well.

We had the finest weather from Feb. 24,
and everj' day got warmer. Feb. 36 we put
the bees out, and they had the finest flight.

November 18 we put 53 colonies in the cel-
lar, and not one of the colonies died ; they are
are all strong and heavy. And, oh ! what joy
to see how they were gathering water and to
hear their joyful hum. During that time my
daughter cleaned the cellar and opened the
windows to let fresh air in, and so all was
finished to take them in again. The evening
was warm, and the sky clear, so I thought we
will let the bees out, as the next day would
be a nice one, too, so we covered them with
carpets, blankets and bags. In the morning,
when I awakened, I heard it raining, so I got
up and wakened the children — it was 3:30
a.m. — and in one hour we had the bees all
safe and dry in the cellar. They are in such
good condition that I only wish for a good,
big nectar-How in all flowers and blossoms.
Theodore Steger.

Washington Co., Wis., March 3.

Black Bees vs. Italians.

Last year I obtained 12 colonies of black
bees, i won first prize on their honey, at the
Clark County Fair, over honey stored by Ital-
ian Bees.

On page 109, the article about " Italian Bees
— Smoke for Foul Brood," I differ from. The
writer says they are the best workers in every
respect. Answer: Cracker-barrel oratory.

1. Size prevents rapid action. The black
bees are more active and nervous.

2. Queens vary in that respect; I don't
think color has anything to do with it, or
breed.

3. They have to be crowded to it.

4. That will occur with both, and can be
prevented.

5. They all believe in protection.

6. My blacks are in dovetailed hives, and it
has been :30 below zero where they stand ; they
are in good shape yet.

7. Swarming depends on the season.

8. Clipped queens are all right. You must
be with the bees in swarming season. Don't
depend on the dinner-bell. In case a queen
is lost, remove the old hive from the stand.

That New Work

ON QUEEN-REARING now ready to mail. Con-
tains hundreds of new ideas on queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Breeding Queen, $::.Oii.

Address, HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPL,IES.
We have received-a car-load of those unique
supplies. These goods are equal to if not the
best on the market, (live us a trial order. We
are also agents for the Pkcgkessive Bee-
Keepkk, price 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at Fac-
tory Prices.

WALKER-BREWSTER GRO. CO.,

423 WALNUT ST., KANSAS CITY, MO

Also dealers in honey and beeswax Catalog free.

Counting Chicks Before'^Hatchini

is not safe unless you
have an

IOWA

ROUND
INCUBATOR

R. C. BauerminBter, Norwood, Minn. j got 493 chicka
from fa03 epgs. He followed directions, the ma-
chine djd the work, because it was built on right
principles and by good workmen. The IOWA
has fiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp
or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect.
Our free book gives more testimoniale aud full
particulars. Everytliintc about incubation free.

IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 198. DES MOINES, IOWA

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

And How to Grow Them.

The best book on strawberry growing ever
written. It tells how to grow the biggest
crops of big berries ever produced. The book
is a treatise on Plant Physiology, and ex-
plains how to make plants bear Big IJerries
and Lots of Them. The only thorough-
bred scientifically-grown Strawberry
Plants to be had for spring planting. One
of them is worth a dozen common scrub
plants. They grow BIG RED BERRIES,
The book is sent free to all readers of the
American Bee Journal. Send your address to

R. M. KELLOGG, Three Rivers, Mich.

3D6t

Please mention the Bee Journal.

BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES

dfcliOUone of uur full-rigged
Huyijjies, (ill teuipere.l springs, fine hr
worth double the price. We make
iiartieHH too, Write for Catalog
aod liberal agency plan.

EC«\OMY RrCGYCO.,
Box A5S Clucliinatl, Ohio.

Catalog

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Say, ail Bea-Ke.epers,

One Question, Please.

If you were offered a hive that would save you
one-half of your time and labor in its manipula-
tions; one that would save you more than $1.00
in costs of e.xtras; or a double-wall hive for the
price of a single-wall hive, would vou not inves-
tigate its claims or merits? The"20TH CEN-
TURY IDEAL does all the above. Then why
not be on time aud send for circulars today?
See The Review for February, pages 48 (ex-
cuse errors on that page: and oO. Also Glean-
ings, pages 72 and 1(>4. Book and hive are two
of the grandest " hits " of the age. Order book
NOW, Price, 25 cents; and ^our money back
if you are not satisfied.

T. K. MASSIE,

llD2t TorHET, Summers Co., W. Va.

PJease mentioa Beeiooma] -wnen "WTltlr.»:

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

[ Boye, Gtrla, oldandyoung alike,

uake money working for uu.

A"e furnlph capital tosiari yio m bnel-

9 lOc stamps or silver for full limtructions Bud a liDr of

•rorkwitb. iiRAPER PUBLISHING CO.XblcaKo.in

Marshfield Maniifactnring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Writelfor free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marfchfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t • Please mention Bee Journal wlien wntina

March 2o, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

207

take out a frame of bees, shake them gently
around the entrance where the old hive stood,
and they will cluster about the inieen, if she
has not been killed or gone oil; with the
swarm.

9. Wisconsin bees sting.

10. For foul brood, if the case is so bad
that it needs treatment fronv spring until fall,
burn all diseased parts of the hive with the
bees. Homer C. Stone.

.Clark Co., Wis., Feb. 34.

Forced or Shaken Swarms.

I note what Mr. Cary says, on pages \23
and 124, where he challenges my statement
on page .T.1, wherein I say: "As to forcing
before or after cells are started, it doesn't
make any difference; only if the apiarist has
as many colonies as he wishes, he should force
only those that have cells started, as they
would swarm anyway."

I thought my meaning was clear, that as
far as the swarms were concerned it made no
difference; but as to the disposition of the
parent hive it makes quite a difference. If
the swarm is forced before the cells are sealed
the parent hive should be given a ripe cell or
a queen. I am a firm believer in strong colo-
nies at every stage, and do not believe in rear-
ing queens with a pint of bees. Still, I am
not readj' to swallow all that is advanced on
the side of strong colonies, especially the
" umbilical " part.

I was trying to impress that as to the
method of swarming there was no difference
between the forced and the natural, so far as
the swarm is concerned, provided the bees are
made to fill themselves with honey. As to
the old stand, the combs can be used to build
up weak colonies, or a second drive or shak-
ing can be made in seven or eight days later,
or any other disposition can be made as the
apiarist chooses. There is nothing new or
'complicated about forced swarming, and the
only thing that surprises me is the space that
is given to it. The method is all right, and
nearly indispensai le to the specialist, and I
am inclined to think they all practice it more
or less. .J. T. Haikston.

Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., Feb. 'JIJ.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Utah.— The spriag- meeting- of the Utah Stale
Bee Keepers" Association will be held id the
City and County Building-, Salt Lake Citv,
April S, at 10 o'clock a.m. \U bee keepers of
Utah and adjoining States are cordially invited
to be present. J. N. Elliott, Sec.

E. S. LovEsv, Pres.

Standard Italian Queens

OF THE HIGHEST GRADE.

Bred in Separate yards Irom superior stock of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains. Selected
from among the best stock of Long Tongue
Clover and Uoney Queens in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business. No dis-
ease among our bees. Our elevated countrv,
with its pure mountain air and pure spirkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man. See our circular for the rest.

Queens sent out last season bv us arrived in
the very best shape, e.-icept a few got chilled
late in the season in the North. Our Oueens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada", Colo-
rado, Cuba, New Mexico, and many of the
States. We rear all queens sent out bv us from
the i-gg or just-hatched larva: in full' colonies.
Our method is up-to-date. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of fine, large, prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a trial
order.

Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $S.0O; 12
for f'l.oo.

Tested, $200: Select. $3.00; Best, $5.00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $(. 00.

3 frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman frames, no
Queen. $2.0ii; 2frame. no Queen. $1.S0. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei. i

Special rates on Queens by the 100. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Shipping sea-
son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. HALL.,

13Atf Ja~i-kk, Pickens Co., Ga.

Bees For sale.

i3A5t G. W. GATES, Bartlett, Tenn.

SHEEP MONEY a'„^..?!!.?,°.o1,'!!IJJ

ir.vt.ii work for UH. We will start you In
luisiri.HH and furnish the rapital. VS nrk
llk-lit (Liul easy. Send 10 cents for full
liiK' of namplee and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO., Chicago. Mil.

HIGGINSVILLE BEE-SUPPLIES.
We have received a car-load of these unique
supplies. These troods are equal lo if not the
best on the market. Give us a trial order. We
are also ageuts for the Progressive Bee-
Keeper, price, 50 cents per year. Send your
orders and subscriptions to us. We sell at fac-
tory prices. W. D. FULTON,
Catalog^ Free. Garden City, Kan.

s.-"- Rearing Queens

and having a breeding queen that is two years
old, whose bees are so genlle they can be hand-
led most of the tiiiie without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers 1 ever saw, I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of l'*03 at the following prices. Terms
cash:

Reared bv Doolittle Method.

Untested gueen, 75c; 6 for $4.00

Tested Queen, $1.0ii; 6 for 5.00

Natural Swarming and Supersedure.

Untested Queen. $1.25: 6 for (>.00

Tested Queen, $1.75; 6 for ''.00

CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDQNALD, TENN.
13D4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEES FOR SALE.

65 colonies of bees, 4o of which are in Root's
dovetailed hives, and the remainder in chaff-
hives. Apply to

13A2t JAHES ncKAY, Tuscola. Mich.

TO BUY

30 to 50 colonies of iJees
on Hoffman frames.
Address, H. Johansen,
Fremont Hoiel, !'• South Clark St., Chicago, 111.
13Atf Please mention the Hee Journal.

AN OPPORTUNITY.

Barred Plvmouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee Fixtures. Send for circular.
J. F. MICHAEL.

13A4t R. 0. Winchester, Ind.

r:'^,^ C.,.1^ 30 COLONIES of Italian

HOr i^Rl6 '^^«'*' '" I-anestroth and
■ "■ *_XM.mw Simplicity hives. Price
from $S.C0to$7.00per colony. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. JOHIST HERBERT,
13A2t Hampshire, Kane Co., III.

Caiitrifrtitt t If 70n care to know of iti
^aillUrilld 1 Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample cop7 of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultnral and Agrlcultnral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely iUnstrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco,C4L

BASSWOOD TREES.

One to two feet 25 for $1.C0; 100 for $3.00

Two to three feet 25 for 1.25; 100 for 4.0<i

Three to four feet 25 for 1.50: 100 for 5.00

12A3t a. W. PBTRie, Pairmont, iVllnn.

f-*lease mention Bee Journal -when -writ!i).e.

The Emerson Binder.

This Emerson =• tf-board Binder with cloth
back for the Amerii::in Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one ye.ii— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to pre^frve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as the- ire received. If you have
this "Emerson" i" further binding is neces-

'"'' QEORQE VV. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Strc i, CHICAGO, ILL,

i HONEY AND BEESWAX

2 MARKET QUOTATIONS

Cbicago, March 7.— The demand for comb
honey has been and is of small volume^ prices
are weak, concessions being- made where nec-
essary to effect sales. Fancy white comb held
at 15@16c; all other grades of white are irreg-u-
lar at 13@14c; light amber, MuaUc dark and am-
bers, 9@10c. Extracted, clover and basswood,
7@8c; other white grades, 6f«7c; amber, 5%(w
(>Mc. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett A Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
qniet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
liffht, 15c; mixed, 14(5j15c; dark, 13(a>14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

KansasCity, Mar. 14.— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is better, receipts
light. We quote as follows; Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictly No. 1, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3(a'$3.2S; No, 2, while and amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber, 6@i6Hc.
Beeswax, 30c, C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels^ 5^@65^c, according to quality;
white clover, S(a)9c. Fancy comb honey, 1SM@
165^c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Mcth Co.

Nbw York, March 5.— There is a fair demand
for white comb at ISc per pound for fancy, 13®
14c for No. 1, and 12c for amber, with sufficient
supply to meet the demand. Dark honey will
be cleaned up with very little left; it is selling
at about lie per pound. Extracted rather weak
and ia quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote: White, 7@7J^ cents; amber, 6J^'g>7c;
dark, 6c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c for good
average. Hildrbth A Sboblkbr.

Cincinnati, Mar. 7.— The comb honey market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14{Sii5c; no de-
mand for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5}4<.<i-5Hc\ in cans
o@6J^c; white clover, SC^HHc. Beeswax, 2><(ii 30c.
C. H. W, Wkbbr.

San Francisco, Mar. ll.— White comb honey,
12%@lMc; amber, 9@llc; dark, 7@7Hc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6K@754c: light amber, 5^@6c;
amber, 5@5'4c: dark. 4(ai4J^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, lic-hi 27@29c; dark, 2S{a26c.

Demand 's fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, bat there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
please menTion Beo journal -when ■writing.

$300,000,000.00 A TtAK

mid you may have part of it If you work
fi>r U8. Unele Sam's poultry product pays
that yum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start yon in

buBiucBs. Draper PublisblngCo..Cbics?o. "'

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested in Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

l¥ool Markets and Slieep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first^foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO. III.

KAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
We carrv a cotiiplele slock of HKiGINSVILLE
BEE SUPPLIES at the above place. Oar east-
ern customers will save considerable freiffht
by ordering ftora them. Kind and courteous
treatment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address, LEAHY MFG. CO..
2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita, East St. Louis, 111.
Catalog Free.

208

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

March 26, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than tbose we malte,
and the chances are that they are not
so pood. If you buy of us yoii
'Will noa, be diMappoliited.
We sire iiDclei-MwItl l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KP:EPER; in its
thirteenth year ; -nO cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries ^

a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices. T

Order of him and save the freight. w

rwwww^yr^ ▼▼▼▼•

«H.sfr. (iioiition tJee Journal ■waen writing.

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

Wbite Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at ^c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

OMAHA, NEB.
We carry a complete stock of HIGGINSVILLE
BEE-SUPPLIES at the above place. Our Neb.
custome'S will save considerable freight by or-
tleriag from them. Kind and courteous treat-
ment, low prices and prompt attention our
motto. Address,

LEAHY MFG. CO.,
Catalog Free. 1730 S. 13th St., Omaha, Neb.
jplease mention Bee Journal -wheD writme

BEE = SUPPLIES!

Everything used by bee-keepe. --

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

%iAJg^ie.je,ja.:ts^ie,jg,ja,js^is,je,ja^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction, ^ur^^ FYRMNEMo'sAa^l^'ay''-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

"Whv doe<% it sell so well? because it has always given better satie-
¥V 11^ UUCA IL SCII »U WCII f faction than any other. Because In is years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlios

OF ALL
KINDS **

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

t".ease uiciiuon Bee Joorn^i "wtien ■writing,

(lood Reading.

We mention here a few booklets, pamphlets, etc.. which we will mail tree upon application to parties inter-
ested. If you wish the whole number, enclose five cents for postage.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS is a booklet of 16 pages which gives a complete list of beebooks,
including- German and French bee-books and translations; books on fi&h-culture, strawberry,
growing, greenhouse construction, gardening, etc.

BEES AND QUEENS is an S-paee booklet containing much valuable matter on the subject of
queens; reasons why they don't lay; test of purity, etc. It also names price on imported and
domestic, Italian and Carniolan queens, as well as nuclei and full colonies.

FACTS ABOUT BEES is a 7i page booklet by F. Danzenbaker. It is of especial interest to pro-
ducers of fancy comb honev. It deals chiefly with the Danzenbaker hive; drawings are used
to show the construction of the hive and the manipulations to secure the best results. A num'
ber of pages are demoted to reports of bee-keepers who have used this hive. Ninth edition now
ready. Mailed for 2 cent stamp.

OUTFITS FOR BE*tINNERS is a little pamphlet giving the initial steps necessary for one to
make a successful start in bee-keeping. It also includes a number of outfits, and names prices
of same.

FOOD VALUE OF HONEY i
eaten in preference to othe

14-page leaflet by Dr. C. C. Miller. Tells why honey should be
weets, and includes many cooking recipes in which honey is
used. This is intended for free distribution by producers to stimulate a greater demand for
the sale of their honey. It can be printed with the producer's card on the front cover and ad-
vertisement on the back, if desired, very cheaply,

SEED CATALOG will soon be ready. This lists seeds for the garden, seed potatoes, basswood
seed and trees, alsike, white Dutch, medium and mammoth red clover seed, alfalfa, sweet and
crimson clover seed, buckwheat, rape, cow peas, turnip, sunflower, soia beans and coffee berry,
borage, catnip, dandelion, motherwort, figwori, mustard, spider plant, portulaca. Rocky
Mountain bee-plant, sweet peas and other seeds; thermometers, barometers, powder guns, in-
secticides, tobacco-dust, sprayers, hot-bed sash, starting boxes, potato-planters, transplanting
machines, etc.

RUBBER STAMP CATALOG illustrates and describes self-inking stamps, molding and block
stamps to be used with ink pids; model and U. S. band daters; ink pads and ink for renewing
same; interchangeable stencils; metal bodied rubber type and holders, and printing wheels.

LABEL CATALO(. includes samples of one, two and three color work; also labels printed on
three colors glazed paper; price-lists for the printing of circulars, catalogs, letter, note, state-
ment and bill heads; shipping tags, envelops, business cards, etc.; display cards, caution cards
for shippers of comb honey, etc.

SPANISH CATALO(; is an abridged edition of our regular catalog of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and
is of interest to Spanish readers only. Give us the names of any of your Spanish triends in-
terested in bee-keeping.

The A. I. Root Company,

nEDINA,0H10.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^HiitGO ill"'*'

CHICAGO ILL.,

are headquarters fur ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

Houey-flonses, Poor Crops, Co-opeiiitioD. luiportance of Bacteria to A

F. GKEINER. '■ H JOHNSON.V*-'

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ILL. APRIL 2. 1903.

No. 14,

210

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr. C.C. Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is Sl.OO a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and IMexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j'ear extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rtc.

The AV rapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
beeu received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pag-es, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of yea^s. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is |1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with £2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

An Italian Queen Free

IN MAY, 1903

To Regular Paid=in=Advance Subscribers Only.

We wish to make a liberal offer to those of our regular readers whose
subscriptions are paid in advance. It is this : We will send you l-Ktit by
mail, in May, 1903, an Untested Italian Queen for sending us igl.OO and the
name and address of a NEW subscriber to the American Bee Journal for a
year. This is indeed a big premium, as the queen alone would cost you /5c.

We are booking orders for Oueens now for next May delivery. Wrill
you have one or more ? This offer ought to bring in many orders. Our
queens are reared by the best queen-breeders, and give satisfaction.

Address,

George W.York & Co., 144 East Erie St., Chicago. 111.

^^•^^

^ERICA^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 2, 1903,

No. 14,

Improvement of Stock. — It may seem
like harping a good deal on one string, but
the matter is one of so much importance that
it warrants a good deal of repetition, and be-
sides there are some new members of the
American Bee Journal family that perhaps
need telling for the first time. Those who
have been working faithfully, perhaps for
years, in the direction of the best stock ob-
tainable, can skip this.

No observing bee-keeper has failed to notice
the disparity of results often obtaining be-
tween two colonies sitting side by side. To
all appearance one colony is as strong as the
other, conditions are the same for each, yet
one stores twice as much as the other. The
only way to account for the difference is by
attributing it to the difference in stock, and
that is equivalent to saying that the difference
in results is caused by the difference in
queens, for the character of the stock depends
upon the character of the queen.

If you have in any one of your colonies a
queen that is satisfactory, well and good. If
not, make up your mind here and now that
you will try to get from some source a queen
that will be likely to improve your stock.
The matter is the more hopeful because the
introduction of fresh blood will at least score
one point of gain.

Having one good queen you will have one
good colony, and having one good colony the
road leading to improvement of other colo-
nies is neither long nor difficult. Of this,
more hereafter.

Breeding from Freaks has been con-
demned by F, B. Simpson, those queens being
considered freaks whose workers make very
exceptional work in storing. Others, how-
ever, insist upon the rule, " Breed from the
best," whether those "best" be considered
freaks or not. The Rocky Mountain Bee
Journal, usually very reliable in giving ad-
vice, seems to take ground in the matter that
is a little ditHcult to understand. A corres-
pondent writes:

I had one new swarm that commenced work
in the brood-chamber and super at the same
time, and storsd 9.5 pounds of flrst-class sec-
tion honey. I contemplate rearing queens
from this colony. .

To this the Rocky Mountain Pee Journal
replies:

It would be better, perhaps, li' purchase a
teste<l queen of some reliable breeder to use
as a basis, rather than the freak colony you

mention. As a rule, it is the experience of
breeders that freaks rarely reproduce them-
selves, but usually revert to the opposite ex-
treme. G. M. Doolittle, by carefully selecting
mother-queens that have made the best aver-
ages, during a period of over 80 years, has
very greatly increased the average yield per
colony in his apiary.

But were those not precisely freaks that
Mr. Doolittle used? Unless he has been mis-
understood, he simply bred from those whose
workers gave largest yields.

Cleaning Propolis Off the Hands. —

One of the most convenient things to use is
butter ; not better than lard or other grease,
perhaps, but generally more conveniently at
band. Take just a little butter, rub it on the
glue till the glue scrapes off readily, then
wash with soap and water — preferably hot
water.

Aikin's Bologna-Sausage Package

for honey takes up no less than seven pages
of space in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and a
strong plea is made in favor of putting up
honey in this form ; that is, in the granulated
condition in paper. Small cost is of course
one chief argument, the paper bags costing
about one tenth as much as tin lard-pails. The
other principal argument is the matter of
convenience. A penknife runs two or three
slits in the paper, and then the paper is easily
pealed oS, leaving the lump of granulated
honey on the plate like a brick of butter.
Then a slice can be taken and used just as a
slice of butler, and from this can be taken
individual portions just as with butter, the
individual being able easily to take what he
wants and to put it just where he wants it,
without the trouble of having the honey
stringing and daubing where it is not wanted.
With a certain class there is likely a future
for honey put up in this style, and if there is,
the credit for it should be given to Mr. Aikin.

Time to Ctjt Alfalfa. — Some anxiety
on the part of bee-keepers has been felt be-
cause there was a fear that it would become
the general practice to cut alfalfa in first
bloom, giving little opportunity for bees to
work upon it. This anxiety was by no means
allayed by the fact that experiments at the
Kansas experiment station seemed to favor
early cutting. Not, however, the experiment
station of Colorado, a State par exeellenfe an
alfalfa State, makes a very different decision.
Bringing the question down to the very prac-
tical form, ■' At what stage should alfalfa be
cut to get the greatest feeding value per
acref' the rej^ly is, that when cut in full
bloom an acre will produce 11 percent more
beef than when cut in first bloom, and 58 per-

cent more than when cut in half bloom. The
following is from the report :

If we cut enough alfalfa in bud to make
100 pounds of hay, the same alfalfa would
make 12(1 pounds if allowed to stand till in
half bloom, and Xih pounds if allowed to
stand till in full bloom. If allowed to stand
longer it would decrease. If the question
were, " When shall we cut alfalfa in order to
make the most hay?" the answer would be,
"When it is in full bloom." The question
as presented to us is, " When is the he!<t tirnf
to cut alfalfa'" This time is evidently that
at which we shall have, not the largest yield
of hay, nor of the best quality, but the largest
yield of digestible food ingredients. This an-
swer considers two factors — composition and
digestibility. Every feeder will mentally
add, " But there are other things to be con-
sidered," which is true, but it is assumed
that the animals will eat the hay of which we
are writing, and will relish it.

We have given the amounts of hay which
the same quantity of alfalfa would give when
in bud, in half bloom, and in full Ijloom,
using the figures obtained for our Colorado
alfalfa. The 100 pounds of early-cut hay will
contain 1.5 pounds of albuminoids and 1.5
pounds of amids; the 126 pounds of hay,
alfalfa cut in half bloom, will contain 15.8
pounds of albuminoids and 2.9 pounds of
amids; the 145 pounds of hay cut in full
bloom will, contain 19 pounds of albuminoids
and 2 pounds of amids. Leaving the value
of the amids out of the question, for they are
assumed to have only a small value as com-
pared with albuminoids, and reducing these
figures to the basis of a pound, we find the
relative values to be 1.16 for the early cut-
ting, 1.00 for that cut in half bloom, and 1 OS
for that cut in full bloom. Or, stated other-
wise. St). 2 pounds of alfalfa hay cut in bud,
or 92.6 pounds cut in full bloom are equal in
value, using the aluminolds as the criterion,
to 100 pounds of alfalfa hay cut in half bloom,
so that alfalfa hay cut in half bloom is in-
ferior to that cut in bud. In this statement
we assume that the albuminoids are equally
digestible at the three different stages of
development here specified. If this be true,
the largest amount of digestible proteids
would be obtained by cutting in full bloom;
for while the relative values of the hay cut in
bud to that cut in full bloom is as 100 to 107,
the yield is about 100 to 145, leaving an ad-
vantage of ;:iS pounds of hay on each 145
pounds of hay cut in full bloom. These

figures refer to the first cutting

The feeding experiments are decidedly in
favor of the early cutting, calculating the
value on pound for pound of hay produced.
But if we calculate its value in terms of beef
produced per acre, we come to the same con-
clusion at which we arrived from the consid-
eration of its chemical composition and the
relative crops produced at the respective
periods. Mr. Mills summarized the results of
his three seasons' feeding as follows: That
to produce one pound of gain. beef, it re-
quires is 21 pounds of hay of the early cut;
Xi a pounds of the medium cut (page 11,
Bulletin 44). But we have seen that the
relative iiuantities of the early, medium, and
late cut are 100, 120, and 145. Accordingly
we would obtain for the values of the re-
spective cuts in terms of beef, 5.4 pounds for
the early, H.s pounds for the medium, and 6.0
for the late cut. We would, therefore, an-
swer the question la so far as it pertains to
the first cutting, that the best time to cut

212

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2. 1903.

alfalfa is at ihe period of full bloom, for at
this period we not only get the largest
amount of hay, but also the largest return in
pounds of beef per acre.

r The results of feeding experiments with
the second cutting leads to the conclusion
that the best time to cut this crop is what Mr.
Mills designated his medium cut.

I conclude ,that, after allowing for a little
latitude in the use of the terms " half bloom,"
•' full bloom," late bloom," etc., the time to
cut alfalfa in order to get the greatest value
per acre is at the period of full bloom, and
that there is a period of about a week during
which its value is essentially constant.

^ Weekly Budget. |

^^sT^^vrwP

E. E. Hastt, of Lucas Co., Ohio— our
"Afterthoughter " — wrote as follows, March
2oth:

"The cold snap of three weeks agone didn't
seem to do much harm. Perhaps yesterday's
gale with thermometer near freezing will do
more — more brood started now."

Mr. T. F. Bingham, of Clare Co., Mich. —
the popular Bingham smoker man — wrote us
March 26 :

" The weather is bright and frosty this
morning. All colonies came out alive from
the cellar, in time to be caught in a cold
snap. It will be a good test on early exit
from ventilated cellar, should enough live
through in my thin hives."

Somnambulist and F. L. Thompson. —
Somnambulist seems to view with some little
trepidation the seating of F. L. Thompson
upon the editorial tripod in the office of the
Progressive Bee-Keeper, saying:

F. L. Thompson takes a position on the
editorial staff, and, oh! my! won't we all
have to toe the mark, and at the same time
keep up a succession of dodgings to escape
getting our ears boxed; I've my head to one
side now in anticipatioa of a slap, because I
feel like favorably commenting on his Jan-
uary contribution.

Your Subscription to the American Bee
Journal — how about it? Is it paid in ad-
vance? If not, why not attend to it at once i
We doubt it there is a single reader that
begrudges the small sum of one dollar for a
year's subscription to this journal. Naturally,
we believe it is the biggest and best dollar's
worth of bee-literature that is produced to-
day. Certainly, one dollar is a small sum for
.52 copies, or over SOO pages, of the Bee Jour-
nal.

When sending your own renewal subscrip-
tion, why not send in some new ones and get
some of the premiums we offer for so doing ?
See page 310.

The New General Manager of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, Mr. N. E.
France, is the best-known bee-keeper in Wis-
consin. He is also Inspector of Apiaries for
that great State. His predecessor in the Gen-
eral Manager's office, Eugene Seoor, turned
over to him the snug sum of $931.60, and re-
ported about 1000 members. But the mem-
bership should be doubled this year. We
wish that every reader of the American Bee

Courtemi IlUnuU Ej:pirh,unt Sta

Alfalfa Plants, Showing an Uninoculated Plant on the Left, affd an Inoculated Plant,
with Root Tubercles and Increased Growth, on the Right. — (See page 215.)

Journal were a member. This alone would
put an additional sum of money in the treas-
ury that could be spent in the interest of
bee-keeping in a way that would tell for
years to come. There is much important
work that could be done, provided the finan-
cial means were provided therefor.

Reader, if you are not already a member of
the National Association, why not join at
onceS If you prefer, or if it is more conven-
ient, you can send your dollar to this office,
as we are the Secretary of the Association for
this year. We will forward your dues to the
General Manager, who will send you a re-
ceipt.

We have received quite a number of mem-
bership dollars recently, and would be glad to
take care of a lot more.

Dadant & Son, of Hancock Co., HI., as
most of our readers know, are successors to
the old and honored tirm of Chas. Dadant i&
Son. They are makers of comb foundation.

and their reputation for making a good arti-
cle has increased with the years. A large lot
of comb foundation, shipped by them to their
French correspondent at Paris, was unex-
pectedly stopped at the French custom-house
at Havre, and ordered examined for traces of
adulteration by the French Revenue officers.
The Government Chemists at Rouen, to whom
samples were sent fur analysis, promptly re-
ported the foundation to be made of abmlutehj
pure beeswax.

But this verdict will be no surprise to their
American friends, for they all know, and
have known for over a quarter of a century,
that the name " Dadant," in connection with
comb foundation, is a synonym for honest as
well as superior goods.

Paste foe Labels.— In making paste for
labels on tin, I use equal parts of hot water
and honey, and dissolve enough corn-starch
to make a thick paste. This works perfectly.
— H. C. Ahlers, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

April 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

213

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

[Continued from pa^e 197.)
THE USE OF CHAFF-HIVES.

Pres. York — You can ask any question you would like
to hear discussed, and we will have the slips gathered up
pretty soon, so we will have questions on hand all the time.
There is one slip here with simply " chaflf -hive " on it. I
don't know what the questioner wants to ask. How many
are now using chaff-hives ?

Eight held up their hands.

Pres. York — I suppose all the rest do not use them.
What advantage is there over the non-chaff single-walled
hives ?

Mr. Whitney — This question of hive is like many others
a question of locality. I always used chaff-hives until I sold
out my bees last spring, and now I have an old-style hive
I wish I was rid of. I like the chaff-hive. A double-wall
hive, the second story a single shell with an outside case
that is sufficiently high to contain two or three sections. I
find that the best hive that I have ever seen. I think I can
produce more honey with such a hive as that than any
other. The bees in the double-wall hive, such as I described,
however strong they may be, will gather around the sec-
tion-cases. I scarcely ever have any hanging out when I
use that kind of a hive. I know it isn't -popular with most
people, but give me the chaff-hive of the kind I describe
over any other kind I ever had.

Pres. York — Let me ask Mr. Root or Mr. L,eahy about
the demand for chaff-hives. I could answer for this point,
but perhaps it would be better for the manufacturers to an-
swer that.

Mr. Root — I wouldn't be able to answer.

Pres. York — Mr. Leahy, how is it about the chaff-hive
down in Missouri ?

Mr. Leahy — I used to be a believer in the chaff-hives.
I used to think that I got brood earlier in the spring, and I
believe I did, but later on, when the warm seasons came,
the bees didn't develop as fast then as they did in the sin-
gle-walled hives. Cellar-wintering I believe in. I have
disposed of all my chaff-hives — gave them away.

Mr. Whitney — I am aware, as I said before, that the
chaff-hive is not a popular one. One great reason I think
is, it is an expensive hive, costs twice as much as any other
hive that I have ever seen ; but, as Mr. Leahy says, I think
they do develop brood more rapidly in the spring, and by
the time fruit-bloom is on, especially in this locality, you
will have a very strong colony of bees. I have always had.
I disposed of my bees last spring down at Kankakee,
looked them over in April, and my friends said, " What
strong colonies of bees you have." I said. " I always have ;
I wouldn't have any other ; and they are always ready as
soon as there is any honey to get." During the hot season
the double-wall hive, I think, protects the bees from the
extreme heat of the sun. I can set them right out without
any shade, and during' the early spring, when a single-wall
hive, it seems to me, would be affected by the extreme heat
and cold, the double-wall hive maintains a medium tempera-
ture like a refrigerator, for instance; there isn't the varia-
tion that there is in a single-wall hive. I think the bees
are carefully protected in such a hive. I know that I pro-
duce so much more honey than my neighbors that they
wonder why. I told them that I thought it was partly the
kind of hive I used, and perhaps because I gave them more
attention than some others, and get twice the amount of
honey that other people get.

Mr. Wilcox — Did you try any without chaff in the same
apiary ?

Mr. Whitney— Not here, but in Ohio I did. I have
always had better success with the chaff-hive, that's why

my experience in that matter has determined me in favor of
that hive. I never think of protecting ray bees in this
locality except by putting cushions on top of the hive. I
have never lost a colony from freezing.

Mr. Niver — In central New York everybody uses chaff-
hives. In Wisconsin they can't use them at all. I think it
is altogether a matter of locality. In Wisconsin they must
winter them in a cellar. A cliaff-hive in a cellar is a nui-
sance. We, in New York, can't winter outside without the
chaff-hive, and we can not successfully get our bees in the
spring ready for business without the chaff-hive. We can
winter outside, everybody in our locality (in Tompkins Co.,
N. Y., which is the greatest county for bees), they all win-
ter in chaff-hives, and using them that way and in that
locality it is correct. There are a great many things besides
wintering. In our apiaries we have no robbing. There is
four inches of space for them to get in. No loose cracks,
and then the sun can't warm them up so they will Hy out
when they don't want to. We never want the sun to warm
them up. If it is warm enough they will swarm there. It
will be mostly a matter of locality. Each one must study
his locality.

Mr. Abbott — I had a big experience with hives when I
first went to Missouri. I bought and sold the best. I ran
an apiary of about 200 colonies. The result was I had a
chaff-hive — a Jerseyville hive. It had a place for packing
around over the brood-chamber 6 or 8 inches. I had these
in my apiary, quite a number of them, because that was the
only hive that was sold and pushed when I went there ; and
among them I had a number of hives that were ;'s of an
inch thick, and one inch, and I was a great believer in the
chaff-hive ; although I had kept bees in Tioga Co., N. Y., I
never had thought of a chaff-hive, and I don't know it yet
that bees will freeze. I never thought anything about it
until that winter. The first colony that swarmed, and the
colony that stored the most honey, was in a "s hive, no pro-
tection at all, right out-doors in Missouri where it gets 28
degrees below. That made me look the matter up, and I
watched it for several years, and I discovered that the first
bees that swarmed were always in these thin-walled hives,
and the bees in Jerseyville hives didn't swarm as quickly
as the others, and they didn't give me any more honey. I
haven't any use for chaff -hives in Missouri. Possibly in
Wisconsin I might have to use them. I wondered why it
was. I don't know, only the bees warmed up quicker and
began to breed sooner, and a number of those hives were
protected by putting store-boxes over them, and then they
were taken off early in the spring. I think the thin-wall
hives, protected that way, were the best, and responded
quicker than any I know, and I was buying and selling the
best for eight or ten years that way. I thought these hives
were of no account, but that was the result. Of course, I
wouldn't advise anybody to use that kind of a hive.

Mr. Kluck — I have always been using 8 or 10 frame
hives, also a large chaff-hive, and I find the chaff-hive pro-
duces from one-half to two-thirds more honey than the 8 or
10 frame hive does ; and at the same time it is more safe in
wintering bees in the chaff-hive than in the 8 or 10 frame
single-wall.

Dr. Miller — How many frames?

Mr. Kluck — Ten frames in the lower story.

Dr. Miller — That is the same size frames as your others.

Mr. Kluck — Yes, sir; and another thing in support of
them, in the spring you can breed the bees handier, and
also it keeps them from swarming.

Mr. Fluegge — Take a single-wall hive, winter in a good
cellar, and protected by wall-paper on the outside and an
air-space between, would you not favor greatly the chaff-
hive for spring protection and rearing brood ?

Mr. Niver — Is that something in the same line as a
house-apiary ? Do you mean to have them above ground ?

Mr. Fluegge — I mean in a good cellar without the pro-
tection in winter, and in the spring when you put them out
protect them ; not leave outside in the winter, partly be-
neath ground, in a house-cellar, and there is very change-
able weather in the spring when you put them out.

Mr. Niver — If it is a house-apiary he is wintering in, in
our locality we wouldn't recommend it. I lost 90 percent in
that kind of an arrangement for two years.

Mr. Chapman — If you will try common, ordinary tar-
felt, make a wrapping of it and tack a lath on where you
join it, you will find that as good a spring protection as
anything you can get, after taking them out of the cellar.

Mr. Wilcox — As lor protection I think it may be a little
hot excepting the few cold days that will come on during the
first month, and I find a better method, and that is to place
them where they will have the sun in the forenoon and no

214

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

wind, if I can find such a place conveniently near. They
will breed out nicely protected from the wind and exposed
to the sun, and I don't think if you can give them that, that
it is advisable to go to the extent of further protection.

Mr. Fluegge — I think having only six colonies of bees
as I have, it would be pretty hard to get wind-protection
from four sides. I think it would be easier to protect the
hives partly.

Mr. Wilcox — I never knew an east or south wind to do
any harm.

Mr. Fluegge — I think a southeast wind, or a directly
east wind, coming over Lake Michigan, does harm to our
bees in the spring.

Mr. Wilcox — If you were 200 miles from the lake it
wouldn't do them much harm.

Pres. York — I have a slip of paper which reads :
" Speaking of wild bees, if the person who asked if there
are any such bees, will call at 68th and Morgan streets,
Chicago, next summer, he will never doubt that there are
wild bees there I"

(Continued next week.)

Contributed Articles. ,

Mouse-Proof Honey-Hou —Poor Honey
Crops— Co-operation.

BY F. GKEINER.

THE following is a sort of confidential letter intended for
publication :

" On page 729 I read : ' After sections are cleaned out
pile up in honey-room and cover up mouse-tight.' "

This practically admits that the honey-house of the
writer, Miss Emma Wilson, harbors mice. I wonder how
many readers of the American Bee Journal put up with
such conditions, are pestered with mice in their houey-
rooms. If there is any thing objectionable in a honey-house
or workshop of a beekeeper it is mice. They will soil our
sections, destroy combs, frames, separators, quilts, cush-
ions, etc. Why tolerate the nuisance? A honey-house
must be bee-proof, anyhow, at least bee-keepers (except the
Coggshalls) think so. If it is bee-proof, is it not mouse-
proof ? If it is not, it can and should be made so. I have
never had any damage done by mice in my honey-house and
workshop combined. They simply cannot get in, that's all !

Still, I believe in keeping all supers, empty or full, cov-
ered to keep out dust, spiders, flies, etc. All filled or honey-
containing supers or hive-bodies are kept covered with bee-
escape boards, not only to prevent the above-named things
from making our honey unsightly, but to make a sure thing
still surer— to make it impossible for bees ever to find it. I
have had some sad experiences in this line. Once I left a
window open when going to dinner. On my return the bees
were in possession of the building, and bushels of them
were collected and clustered at the windows. By nailing
blankets over the windows from the outside, except over
one, and by other tactics, I finally became master of the
situation.

At another occasion the bees had entered a lot of
stacked-up supers through a crack in the floor of an upstairs
room, said room having been fitted up in a loosely built car-
riage-house temporarily for my use. A great deal of dam-
age had been done in this second instance, the bees having
had a long time to put in their work. On being sent for,
and arriving late in the afternoon, I had hard work to clean
out the bees and restore order. I learned a lesson that I will
never forget : To stack my supers upon regular hive-bot-
toms, close the entrance with blocks and cover up bee-tight.

REPORTS OF THE HONEY CROP.

Mrs. E. Burdick, from New Mexico, says on page 730 :
" Bees have not done anything — only one full super per
colony." A full super does not count anything with Mrs.
Burdick. It would with me, as I will show further on.

I recollect another bee-keeper from the South reporting
about a year ago: "Had a poor season; averaged but 16
gallons per colony. A year ago my average was 22 gal-
lons."

Mr. Doolittle, if I mistake not, has told of harvesting

120 or 130 pounds of comb honey per colony in a poor honey
season. Many others have made similar reports during the
year, or years, past. When reading them I am at a loss to
know what a poor or a good season is. It seems to me that
as long as bees can gather enough fortheir winter supply,
the season must be called a normal one. Dr. Miller, when
he had to feed a ton or more of sugar had reason and might
talk about a poor honey season. When the season is such
as to enable one to take any surplus, it must be called favor-
able ; and when the average runs up as high as 50 or more
pounds it has been an exceptionally good one. A surplus
yield of 400 or 600 pounds goes beyond my comprehension,
and I find no term to express it.

All bee-keepers may not look upon this matter as I do.
For the sake of clearing this thing up let us take the first
case of Mrs. Burdick and see what it means. Her bees had
done nothing, only filled one super. If the super contained
24 sections, and the honey was either clover or basswood, it
would have bought, judiciously sold, not less than S3.50.
With no other work on hand one might attend to 300 colo-
nies in 3 yards without other help. The income from the
honey sold would present the neat sum of over §1,000. The
number of colonies have probably been increased also, and
some may be turned into money. We will not count that,
nor what may be obtained by selling wax. An income of a
SI, 000 in a poor season is not very bad. Let them come. I
have lived well with smaller yields.

The second case — the 16-gallons average — means more
than ISO pounds of surplus per colony. For good table
honey, in glass, I obtained this year 10 cents net. I might
not have been able to sell many tons at that price. Let us
put it down to 7 cents. At this low price each colony would
have turned out the owner $10.50, or 200 colonies would have
given an income of S2,100. This does not look to me like a
bad thing in a poor season. I can't'help wondering how
much some people engaged in bee culture expect to make, or
what would satisfy them.

In a paper read at the Bee-Keepers' Convention in Buf-
falo, Mr. P. H. Elwood said, "The bee-keepers are poor." It
cannot be possible that they are, with such honey-yields.
The bee-business would be like a veritable gold-mine, as
compared with farming, if in poor seasons such yields were
being secured. If it is true that they are poor, then bee-
keepers do not get the large yields they report.

The point I wish to make is, that things are often not
called by the right name. The bee-keeper need not flatter
himself, and tell about it, how much better he can manage
than his neighbor. Other up-to-date men would do equally
as well as he, in a poor season, with the same chance.

CO-OPERATION ,\MONG BEE-KEEPERS.

For the purpose of disposing of their honey, this seems
to be uppermost in the minds of many, as gleaned from
numerous articles in dilferent bee-periodicals. Perhaps a
move of this kind is all right, and may result in good, as re-
gardsthe producer, if successful. From my own standpoint,
with conditions as they surround me, I see no need of it
whatever. I try to produce what is wanted, and sell it for
what I can get for it. Producers of other articles of food
are situated precisely as I am, and do as I do. If by co-
operation we aim to distribute our product evenly, the gen-
eral public would be benefited ; but if our aim is to control
prices, keeping them up or raising them, the move will be
decidedly wrong. Many writers are of the opinion that
honey is low, or too low, in price. They dwell upon the
subject. It is my opinion that honey is sold at a higher
price, comparatively, than other things — too high to encour-
age and increase consumption. Twenty-fiv^ years ago
honey sold for not materially more, although a very fancy
lace-trimed lot brought me. f. o. b. here, 15 and 16 cents.
At this price the bulk honey sold in New York (on commts-
.sion) in 1876. In 1886 it sold in Philadelphia at 14 cents.
Since then prices ranged between 12 and 15 cents, according
to the supply and demand.

The farmers' wheat, 25 years ago, brought here $1.50
per bushel. He did no better at that time than he does now
with 75 cents per bushel. The farmers' income has been
reduced to one-half, while the bee-keepers' income has al-
most held its own, during the same period. He ought to do
well.

The greatest obstacles to co-operation are to get the bee-
keepers io co-operate ; and lack of available capital.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

The Premiums ofifered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

April 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

215

Importance of Bacteria to Alfalfa.

BV J. K. JOHNSON.

FIRST, what are alfalfa bacteria ? They are not bugs of
the masculine gender, as Mr. Hasty seems to infer, on
page 824, but are little flowerless plants which feed upon
the roots of alfalfa, and gather nitrogen from the air, and
fix it in the plant alfalfa. They are so small, says Prof.
C. G. Hopkins, of the Illinois Agricultural College and Ex-
periment Station, that one little tubercle the size of a pin-
head may contain a million of these bacteria. As to their
originating without inoculation, I believe it is considered im-
possible, or at least not probable, but all alfalfa seed proba-
bly contain bacteria in the dust along with the seed, and
may contain some tubercles ; but as alfalfa seed is generally
pretty clean, the inoculation would be slight. Probably
several years would elapse before the field would be thor-
oughly inoculated, and much of the alfalfa would suffer for
want of available nitrogen, and be considered a failure and
plowed up. In the west where land is cheaper in price, and
the people more inclined to give it a chance, owing to non-
success with other forage-plants, the same fields were re-
seeded or let stand until the little plants called bacteria
multiplied and filled the soil with countless numbers, and
the alfalfa would then flourish and " the woodchuck would
be theirs."

The difi'erent clovers must also have bacteria in order
to be grown successfully, but Prof. Hopkins says they are
of a different species, and that clover bacteria will not aid
alfalfa. Neither will the cow-pea bacteria aid soja-beans.
All have their own kind.

Now let me say that 14 years ago I was in the West
(southern Kansas), and the farmers all claimed that clover
would not grow there, but by persistent efforts they have
finally succeeded, and now grow fine clover, and no doubt
the clover bacteria along with the seed continued to multiply
until the soil is now thoroughly inoculated. Even now
many in Oklahoma say clover will not do there ; but if they
will get say 100 pounds of soil from an Eastern clover-field,
in many now considered unfavorable localities clover may
do well.

Prof. Hopkins says that the alfalfa bacteria have been
found in a few places in Illinois, and wherever a field of
alfalfa was found to have these tubercles the alfalfa did
well, but where they were not present it was a failure. He
advises farmers to sow alfalfa on hilly land or bottom land,
or on almost any soil except wet, low ground where water
will stand. Alfalfa grown on infected soil will do well al-
most anywhere in the United States ; where so grown, it will
yield 3 or 4 cuttings in Southern Illinois. Now as one little
tubercle will contain as high as 1,000,000 of these bacteria,
and one alfalfa plant will have 100 or more tubercles on its
roots, or 100,000,000 of these bacteria or microscopic plants
to aid it to be a flourishing alfalfa plant, can we justly ex-
pect it to yield honey when grown without these bacteria ?
They are a part of the plant, and the alfalfa is not complete
without them.

Prof. Hopkins writes to me that he is told alfalfa does
yield honey in Illinois, but as in his experiments the alfalfa
is cut before it has a chance to bloom but very little (he ad-
vises early cutting), he has not been able to tell much about
the honey part of it. Possibly he did not even think about
that part of it, but I shall ask him, in behalf of the bee-
keepers of Illinois, to test the matter this season.

In Dupage Co., 111., 21 tons of alfalfa hay was cut in
one season on two acres, or 10'2 tons per acre, and that in
1901. You all know that was a dry season in Illinois. Now
with such crops of hay as that, you may be sure the farmers
will soon embrace alfalfa culture, and when it is grown
properly, and not until then, can we expect it to yield honey.
It was through the enthusiastic efforts of Prof. Hopkins
that this matter has been fully tested, and we feel justly
proud of such men. The Illinois Experiment Station has
done much valuable work. Their bulletins are free. (Jet
them, and read them, especially Nos. 76 and 80; they are all
good.

I think I am justified in saying- that alfalfa properly
grown in Illinois will yield honey just as well as it does in
the West, where it yields with or without irrigation.

In conclusion, if we succeed in getting alfalfa success-
fully raised for both hay and pasture in the East, will the
farmers cut their hay too early to let it yield honey .' No.
There are many cattle-feeders in this vicinity, and they will
not cut even their clover until the heads turn brown, nor
their timothy until it begins to ripen, as they all agree that
when so fed in connection with corn it gives much Ijetter

results than when cut green ; and so it is for horses that
work on the farm, or used as drivers on the roads, or in fact
anything except dairy cows. Here we raise corn and oats,
and with the ever-pressing work of plowing corn and har-
vesting and threshing, alfalfa would have to wait.

I think alfalfa will play a very important part in the
future, both as to forage and honey in Illinois.

Prof. Hopkins, of the Experiment Station at Urbana,
111., has agreed to furnish me with as much infected soil as
I want, at SO cents per 100 pound, which he says is for the
expense of handling, drying and racking. He says that in
a thoroughly inoculated alfalfa field nearly every particle of
dust would contain these germs, so you may see that 100
pounds would soon inoculate an acre ; then that acre could
be the means of inoculating the soil of a whole neighbor-
hood. I think he is making efforts to supply all who wish
with infected soil, at least all who live in Illinois, and
maybe others, I don't know.

In three separate tests at the Experiment Station with
inoculated and uninoculated soil, the average of nitrogen
gatered by the bacteria, and fixed in the plants, alfalfa was
grown at the rate of $5.25 per acre. The weight of free
nitrogen in the atmosphere is equal to a bout 12 pounds each
square inch of the earth's surface, so the supply is inex-
haustible, and so may enrich our land from the air instead
of hauling manure. However, the ground should be pretty
rich to begin with, and the application of lime to the soil is
beneficial, especially to upland. Knox Co., 111.

Joining the National— Other Matters.

BY J. M. YOUNG.

DO you belong to the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?
and have you paid your dues? If you don't belong
you can't be an up-to-date beekeeper. The Associa-
tion needs your dollar, anyhow, and you might need some
help from it. If nothing more, I would belong to get all
the proceedings and reports that come up from time to time.
By all means you should be a member to ask your neigh-
bor to join with you. It is a dollar well spent, and you will
not miss it.

USE OF BEK-VEILS AND BEE-SMOKERS.

Bee-veils are a good thing in their place, and are all
right to have around when visitors are looking at the bees,
but to see a bee-keeper wear one makes me feel as if he was
not a good, genuine bee-keeper, and is afraid of bees. I
seldom have one on, only in extreme cases, but I always
have a lighted smoker and use smoke plentifully. I have
had as cross bees as they generally get, and have had as
many as 100 colonies in one apiary. I seldom open a hive
unless I have a smoker, all in good trim (although it is not
needed at all times) sitting close by in case of an attack.

GETTING KNOWN IN THE BEE-KEEPING WORLD.

Does everybody know you around home ? and are you
generally known among the editors of the different bee-
papers as a bee-keeper, and that you have been in the busi-
ness? If not, you would better get your name out among
the bee-keeping fraternity in some way or other. It is a
good idea, if you have anything to sell, and to make bee-
keeping a success financially, a person must be generally
known throughout the country. This can be done by judi-
cious advertising through the leading bee-papers, telling
them what you know, and what you don't know, through
the press.

GET A RUBBER STAMP WITH NAME AND ADDRESS.

Every bee-keeper should have a small stamp, then
stamp all his stationery and everything he sends out by
mail. On every bit of matter sent through the mail put
your name and address, for it will save your customers, and
people who do business with you, a world of trouble. Again,
it prevents mistakes in many instances. I put my name and
address on every section t use on the hives, or that the
honey is built in, and I also use it on every bos I send out
by express or freight ; the latter stamp, of course, must be
a larger one, for shipping by freight or express.

SLOPING BOTTOM-BOARDS.

I like sloping bottom-boards. Years ago, when I
first began bee-keeping I used the American hive, made by
H. A. King I'v: Co. They were made, (as the old bee-keepers
will remember) with the sloping bottoms. I liked the idea
then, and always found them ta be a big advantage over

216

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

the flat bottoms, especially in early spring- ; in cleaning-out
time, all the dead bees were a great deal easier taken out,
and the water that was caused by the bees had a good
chance to run off.

During the present winter I am working on this same
idea, that of sloping bottoms and a hive-cover combined by
simply reversing, and having the top and bottom one and
the same thing. In fact, the model that I am working on is
a part of the up-to-date bottom-boards, with the same old
idea of sloping of 30 years ago brought back into use again.
I will test it in my own apiary one season before I say any-
thing about it, and see how I like them. I don't suppose it
will keep out the moths, or keep the bees from swarming ;
but just wait and see. Cass Co., Nebr.

I Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters

Conducted by EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Mrs. Griffith's Bee-Dress.

I promised the sisters I would tell them how I dressed
when I commenced to keep bees, and the way I dress now.

I made bloomers with a rubber at the ankles, and a loose
sacque with a belt to button around the waist, and rubber
at the wrists ; kid gloves, and a hat with mosquito-netting
around it. I soon found that all that rig was too much
trouble to put on, and too warm, so I dropped a piece at a
time until I left off all but the hat.

Now I use only the hat, and not always that. When a
swarm comes out, if they settle low, I put the hive under
them and shake them in, and let them be for a little while.
I pin my sleeves at the wrist, to keep the bees from getting
up my sleeves, and put on my hat ; that is all the prepara-
tion I make when I am going to do anything with the bees.
I do not have anything on my hands, as I like to have them
bare. Let me be working with the bees, or pulling weeds,
or anything else, I like them bare, as I do not mind the
looks of my hands, and I can work the best with them bare.
I seldom get stung, and if I do, I don't mind their sting as
the bite of the Jersey mosquito ; they hurt me more than
the bee-sting. Sarah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J.

A Whole Bee-Keeping- Family.

Miss Wilson :— I always enjoy the writings of "Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters," and since this department has been
started, the American Bee Journal has become doubly in-
teresting. I have often wondered how much interest was
really taken by bee-keepers' z£/z>«' in their /msbands' busi-
ness.

I regret to note that those sisters who write seem to be
" paddling their own canoe," and there is no husband con-
nected with the business. Now, please record that here is
one sister who is trying to be a " helpmeet " to her hus-
band, especially in the busy season of the year. For eight
months our four children are in school, therefore at that
season we do not have much time for bee-work, neither is
there a necessity for a great rush in the bee-yards. Yet, on
Saturdays we make and wire frames, paint hives, put to-
gether nucleus shipping-boxes, etc., and always manage to
find something we can do profitably that might have to go
undone later.

I must say it is a pleasure to spread the paint on nice,
clean, new hives, a.nd I have painted a hundred in one day,
and manage, by the help of the girls, to keep up our house-
work, too. With 500 colonies of bees in seven yards, from
4 to 20 miles out, there is hustling when the honey-flow be-
gins until ready to be taken from the hives.

In this delightful climate camp life among the hills is
delightful, with a wagon loaded with extracting and camp-
ing outfit, plenty of "grub," tents, bedding, etc., the
wagon going ahead, we follow in the carriage. Best of all
we have a negro cook who tends the team, helps about the
heavy lifting, and does the odd jobs, and is much appre-
ciated.

We usually reach the yard next to be worked in the
afternoon. Tents erected, supper prepared and over, we

spread our beds for the night, and early next morning we
are ready for business. Husband and our oldest son, Huber,
age 16, will remove the honey from the hives and bring it
to the extracting tent, while myself, and Alice, 14, and
Kate, 12, will extract the honey and cut out the nice, white
combs and pack in screw-cap cans ready for the market.
Some of you Northern section-honey-producing sisters may
laugh at this bulk-comb-honey product, but, believe me,
we can not nearly supply the demand, and it nets us nearly
as much per pound as section honey; then we have the
advantage of filling in around the comb with extracted
honey.

Are we afraid of stings ? Yes, some — and stray bees
brought into the extracting tent sometimes annoy, by
crawling around too familiarly.

Our girls insist that it is more cleanly and comfortable
to wear boys' overalls while working in the extracting
house, hence they have their papa to buy them large,
roomy overalls, which are drawn on over their clothing.
Of course, visitors are not expected.

We have never kept a record of a whole day's work, but
I think myself and two girls can extract, cut out, and pack,
a ton of this bulk-comb honey in one day, with sufficient
help to do the lifting.

I, for one, would like to hear from the wives of bee-
keepers. Mrs. W. H. I/AWS.

Bee Co., Tex.

Mrs. Laws' letter will be read with interest by all the
sisters, wives included. She is right, we ought to hear
more from the wives. I am sure we would be glad to.

How pleasant it must be to have all the family inter-
ested, and have some part in the work. I know something
about how nice it is, for at one time our whole family
worked with the bees.

Your visits, Mrs. Laws, to the out-apiaries must be
delightful — reads like a pleasant summer excursion. You
enjoy all the pleasures of camp life (negro cook included),
with the profits thrown in.

Tell those girls for me that I think they are very sensi-
ble in their choice of dress.

The Afterthought.

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

CALIFORNIA AS A HONKY-STATB.

Glad to see B. S. K. Bennett, of California, stand up for
his State. Guess he's right, too. California lost the lead
to Texas by being caught in a bad year. Probably a good
many of us will continue to think of California as the lead-
ing State in honey. Page 94.

MOVING BEES WITH OPEN HIVE-ENTRANCES.

Yes, Mr. Hyde, to try to move a lot of bees with en-
trances open and fail at it — that's a thing we can shudder
at even without having experienced it. Page 99.

HOW THEY "do" FRANCE.

The old and worn proverb, "They do things better in
France," seems to have got juggled a little, and behold it
it is. They do France, to teach him better things, in Wis-
consin. Pretty much everywhere exact red-tape is mighty ;
and saving half the expense oft counts little or nothing, a
crime. Political millennium not here yet. Page 101.

THE AVERAGE PER COLONY.

The Northwestern didn't seem to get up much of a
fight over the question how to count averages. Here is a
man who has 100 colonies. Half of them die in winter.
Forty of the remaining SO came through " powerful weak,"
and don't get on their feet till harvest is past. Harvest is
good, and the 10 good ones store lots of honey. The 40 he
calls " nuclei ;" and so is enabled to say, " My average was
about 100 pounds. " Shall we tolerate this ? or shall we
smite him, and tell him his average was only 20 pounds ?
Page 102.

THE HONEY EXCHANGE AND ITS WORKINGS.

Oranges and lemons are luxuries, but somehow the peo-
ple will Aave //lem. Honey is a luxury — and most people

April 2. 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

217

consent to g^o without very easily, if the article is not
handy. This queer and u^ly fact should be figured on in
deciding as to the possibility of a Honey Exchange. Also,
this related fact that higher prices are not nearly so much
needed as the cultivation of the market clear from the bottom.
Doubts vrhether the proposed Exchange will cultivate or do
the opposite thing. A stream is not expected to rise higher
than its fountain ; and an organization formed of those who
extract their honey before it is really ripe will hardly refuse
to handle unripe honey. Page 103.

BEE-KEEPING IN GERMANY.

It is news that T. A. Heberly tells us about German bee-
keeping— that bees are not set abroad there, but kept in
bee-houses. Of course, he is correct, in part at least. We
have in time past heard much of migratory bee-keeping in
Germany. We can hardly infer that they pick up and
migrate house and all. Possibly Germany may be a big
place — so big that they have " locality " there. Page 104.

WINTERING BEES UNDER EARTH.

B. F. Schmidt says he winters bees under ground ; but
when we read more fully it appears that he puts the ground
over the bees instead of the bees under the ground — piles
tough, nicely cut sod around to make each hive a sort of
Esquimaux hut. This seems to be a novelty. Where winters
are not inclined to be wet, and tough sod is handy, I guess
it's a promising way — that is, for those who are devoted to
their bees and have but few. He makes plain dirt do for
part way up at the bottom of the hut. Page 108.

FOUI, BROOD AND HICKORY SMOKE.

Some of us incline to think that the foul brood which is
cured by hickory smoke can not be a very foul kind. " Save
your bacon " some other way — or rather, save your bacon
that way, and your bees some other way. Page 109.

STATE OF VS^ASHINGTON A BIG STATE.

And so Washington (State) is a big place also ; and the
east end of it can file a claim to the effect that usually it
gets no more rain than is needed. We hear. How exceed-
ingly easy it is for the most of us to use language which
reaches much farther than our observations reach. Page 110.

CONDUCTED BY

r>R. O. O. lUILLER, aiaroago, ni,

[The Questions maj be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not aslc the

Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor.1

Taking Good Care of ttie Brood.

It is an easy thing to be careless in giving advice, and not the
easiest thing, even when one desires to be careful, always to advise in
such a careful way that no inexperienced person shall thereby be led
into error. Some words of mine, on page 139, calls forth the following
from Delos Wood ;

" You say to pile brood over a wenl: colony 4, 5, or 6 sturies high.
Now, Doctor, you certainlj', with 40 years' experience, ought to know
it would take a rousing big colony to care for tj stories of brood above
Iheir own, and even with a strong force many eggs and young larvae
would perish. Tell ' Ohio,' if he shal<es all the bees oft. to put the
combs over a .itroii</ colony and make it a hoomrr. Or shake oil most
of the bees and let the old and new hive be. side by side, or the old one
just behind the new one for a few days, till the bees get well started
In the new hive; then destroy ciueen-cells and put the old hive on top
of the new with excluder between. This does away with the swiirm-
ing-fever, prevents increase, and keeps the colonies strong.

" In this locality it, won't do to put brood over the shaken swarm
until they have begun to build comb and the queeu commences to lay.
If you do, the bees go to the brood and build cells, and leave the (lueen
to die.

" Don't strengthen a weak colony from a strong one in the
spring. Make the weak one to help the strong one by giving brood
from it to the strong one. Then after the main honey-flow the weak
one may be allowed to build up strong for winter, or helped if need be
from the strong ones."

It my advice should lead any one to pile six stories filled ivit.h
brood above a weak colony all " at one fell swoop," it would surt-ly be
a rather serious thing, so I am much obliged to Mr. Wood for falling
attention to the matter. I have Ijeen in the habit for years of piling

up brood over weak colonies, giving first a single story, then adding
other stories a day or more later, and when giving the advice I failed
to think of that point. I'm afraid I'll never learn to be as careful as I
ought to be in such things.

Mr. Wood understands my advice one story worse than it really is,
for I tepoke of piling up till the wlmle pile was .5 or 0 stories high,
iiirhidinij the story the weak colony already occupied.

In general, I should prefer piling the brood on weak rather than
strong colonies, especially in working for comb honey, for the strong
colonies do not need help, and such a mass of ijrood will make the
weak ones strong in a short time.

I do not know what should make the difference, but I have in
many eases put the queen on foundation in a lower story with all the
brood in the upper story and an excluder between, when the queen
would go to laying within two or three days. I should not, however,
call that a shaken swarm at all.

The advice to make the weak help the strong in spring rather
than to make the strong help the weak is in accord, I think, with
what I have always advised. C. C. Miller.

Basswood Seedlings in Their Second Year.

On page 1S3, .1. D. Gehring quotes me as saying concerning bass-
wood, " that seedling trees never live to the second year." Unless Mr.
Gehring can refer me to page and paragraph, I can hardly believe I
ever said anything so foolish as that. There are thousands upon
thousands of seedling basswoods that have lived many years beyond
their second year; in fact, I do not know that I ever saw a basswood
tree that was not a seedling, except a few that were dug as sprouts
coming up about a tree or a stump.

What probably was thus misconstrued by Mr. Gehring, was my
saying that among the many seedlings coming up under the row of
trees in front of my house, none has ever lived to the second year.
If Mr. Gehring can tell us why this is so, I should be thankful. It
can hardly be the character of the soil, for the trees under which these
seedlings spring up each year are of luxuriant growth, and in the
woods, at the back part of the place where seedlings continue in
growth, the soil is much the same. There is, however, in the woods a
natural mulching of forest leaves, and it is possible that may make
the difference. C, C, Miller,

Starters or Full Sheets-Clipping-Otlier Questions.

1. Which do you consider the most economical, starters or full
sheets of foundation I I see there is a difference of opinion.

2. Do you think it best to clip the queen's wing?

3. Which is the best for this climate, to put bees in a dry cellar ot
put on their "overcoat?"

4. How would a dead air-space all around the hive of 2 inches do
without any packing to make nests for mice?

5. Will it injure a young queen to keep her laying in a small
nucleus for several days, then put her in a large colony? Some say
that it will,

6. What do you think of the Swarthmore plan of rearing queens
and fertilizing them ? Is that not too much inbreeding?

T, I want to Italianize a lot of hybrid colonies, and I want the
best kind of Italian strains, Idaho,

Answers,— 1. I think that for most people there is sufficient
advantage to pay the extra cost of full sheets.

2. It is most decidedly best for me, and the probability is that it
would be for you. ^ ■ -,;> ^

3. I don't know, but I thhil; the climate is mild enough in Idaho
to favor outdoor wintering.

4. It will answer a very good purpose. Arthur C. Miller has re-
ported favorably on wrapping tarred paper about the hives and lying
with strings.

5. I should not be afraid of it,

6. So far as I understand it, drones not related to the queen can
be used by that plan,

7. You can buy a queen for each colony, but it will be less expen-
sive to get one or two queens and then breed from these.

Uniting and Feeding Bees.

My 24 colonies of bees are in the cellar under the dining-room.
They are nice and drv, but I have not examined them nor molested
them at all, and as the weather is getting warm I am anxious to find
oat how they are off for stores, as I had a few light coloiyes. I wish
you would advise how to proceed. If I find them too light to pull
through would I better unite two or more later on and feed them, or
try to feed them in the cellar separately ? , ^ , .

As I do not care for a very big increase in colonies, would it not
be as well to unite early in the spring? If I do that, how will I man-
age the queens! Nebraska,

Answer —The weather seems unusually warm for the time of
year and there is little doubt that by the time this reaches you there
will be a day warm enough for bees to fly, when you can take them
out of the cellar, and then it will lie easier for you to tell which colo-
nies are dangerously light in stores, and supply their needs. Then if
you are afraid of cold weather afterward, you can return them to the
cellar. Feed those that need it, according to instructions in your text-
book and advice in this department. Do not unite colonies^because
light in stores, but if weak in bees it maybe advisable. Whatever
colonies are to be united may as well be united now as later. You

218

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

need pay no attention to the queens when uniting, as the bees will
look out for that, but if you have any preference for queens kill the
poorer of the two to be united. Indeed, there is some advantage in
any case in killing one of the queens a day or two before uniting.

Painting Hives— Section Starters— Clovers— Size of Hive.

1. Would you prefer hives painted or not!
3. What size starters in the sections?

3. What kind of clover would you have for quality and quantity,
alsike or the white for honey !

4. What size hive, 8 or 10 frame dovetailed, for comb honey i

Minnesota.
Answers. — 1. I prefer unpainted hives, but don't like their looks.

2. I use for 4j4'x4i-4 sections a top starter 3% wide and 3>4 deep,
and a bottom starter 3';, wide and % deep.

3. I hardly know; perhaps 8-frame if very close attention can be
given to the business; certainly 10-frame if the bees can have much
attention.

Transferring— Extracting to Give Room— Artificial
Pollen.

I am a beginner with bees, but have read a good deal about their
management. I have 25 colonies, the most of them in Langstroth
hives, but some in box-hives, and I want to transfer them as early as
possible.

1. When is the best time to transfer?

2. The most of my bees are long-tongue Italians, and they have a
good deal of brood at present, but I don't think they have room
enough, as they started in the winter with 10 Langstroth frames full
of honey. Would you advise extracting part of the frames?

3. The bees have been carrying in sawdust from the mill, and
gathering pollen from the cedar-trees. I gave them about two quarts
of wheat flour, and they carried it into the hives in about three hours.
Is that good for them? or should they have rye flour?

Kentucky.
Answers. — 1. At the time of fruit-bloom is a good time to trans-
fer, but the tendency nowadays is toward waiting till the colony
swarms and then transferring 21 days after swarming.

2. Go a little slow about extracting to give room. Bees are using
up honey very rapidly in rearing brood, and very likely they will
empty out the honey fast enough. However, you can Inspect the
combs, and if you find no empty cells, but all filled with either brood
or honey, and a large proportion of it honey, then it may be advisable
to make room. There is more likelihood that the queen will be
crowded with honey much later in the season.

3. I don't suppose there is any material difference between wheat
and rve flour. It may be not so well to give fine flour as to give bran
and all.

Taking Bees from the Cellar.

I have been keeping bees for five years, and have been a Mose
reader of bee-literature, but 1 do not remember ever seeing anything
in the papers as to the different methods used by bee-keepers in taking
their bees from the cellar in the spring.

Perhaps none of them have the trouble I do, that of the bees fly-
ing before I can get them from the cellar-door to the stand in the
yard— about 4 rods. I have put an old piece of carpet over the front
of the hive, but they will crawl on it, and when I shake them off they
do not know where they belong. Wisconsin.

Answer. — If you are going to take out all the bees on the same
day, smoke each colony a little before taking them out. That'll fix
'em. But don't smoke in the cellar unless you're going to take all
out. You can. however, smoke them just as soon as you get them
outside the cellar-door. Or take a bi// rag, dip it in cold water and
don't wring it out, but lay it dripping against the entrance so that no
bee can get out. They'll not take the trouble to crawl on the rag
when it is wet.

< ■ »

Using ComDs on Wlilcli Bees Died.

1. 1 bought 3 colonies of bees, and lostone. What is the best thing
to do with the old comb; Would I better takeout the comb and
scald the frames, or would it be all right to put another colony in the
old hive and let the bees clean it out to suit themselves?

2. How is the best way to hive a swarm *

3. Would it be all right to make a building 4x4x7 feet, and put a
swarm into it? Would the bees swarm in the spring, or would it keep
increasing and not swarm at all? And would they be more likely to
rob small colonies?

4. Why do you shake the supers during the flow of honey ; Why
not shake the bees down?

5. How cap you tell when a colony is going to swarm?

Pennsylvania.

Answers.— 1. Give it to the swarm just as it is. If badly daubed
with diarrhea scrape off the worst.

2. The very best way I know of is to have your queen clipped,
and when the swarm issues take away the old hive and set the empty
one in its place. Then the returning bees will hive themselves, aud
you can let the clipped queen run in with them. If you see the

queen when the swarm issues, catch her and drop her among the bees
when they have started into the hive.

3. Don't try it. They would not be likely to swarm, but it would
not be entirely reliable as a preventive. A colony in an ordinarily
large hive would be just as sure not to swarm, and it would grow just
as large. But there would be no special danger of the bees robbing
other colonies.

4. Probably more bee-keepers smoke than shake. But if you can
succeed in shaking out all the bees it's a good thing, for it's a very
diflicult thing to smoke them all down.

5. Look for queen-cells, and expect a swarm when the first queen-
cell is sealed. If there is a second swarm it pill be somewhere about
eight days after the first. When you're uncertain about a second
swarm, put your ear to the hive in the evening, and if you hear the
young queen piping look for a swarm the next day.

Is Carrying Pollen Indication of aueen's Presence?

Is it a sure indication that a colony has a queen when the workers
are carrying in pollen and working nicely ? I think it is. Am 1 right?

Wisconsin.

Answer. — I would hardly call it a sure indication. A colony may
continue to carry in pollen for some time after the loss of the queen,
as evidenced by the unusual amount of pollen in a queenless colony,
but, as a general rule, you need have little anxiety about a colony
hard at work and carrying in large loads of pollen.

Wiring Shallow Frames.

How many wires should there be in those 6-inch shallow frames?
and where should they be? Oregon.

Answer. — Put in two wires at equal distances from top and bot-
tom bars and from each other.

Spring Feeding- Blacks vs. Italians.

I have a few colonies of black bees and some Italians in dove-
tailed hives. I use self-spacing Hoffman frames.

1. If I remove the division-board and divide the space up among
the frames, would the bees build between the frames? The combs are
good and straight.

2. I am feeding my strong colonies once a day. Will I profit by it?

3. I work my apiary for comb honey, and I think the black bees
finish a section closer, smoother, and the wax looks whiter than that
of the Italians. Is it imagination or a fact? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I'm not sure whether I understand you. There
ought to be no division-board in the hive, but very likely you mean
the dummy which should be in one side of the hive. If you take that
out and then equalize the spacing, the bees will build out the cells
sufficiently to fill up all the extra space given to them. What do you
want to take the dummy out fori

2. Maybe, and maybe not. If you feed them on days that will not
permit them to fly, when they are not lacking in stores, you're likely
to do mischief.

3. It is very likely a fact, so far as whiteness is concerned. There
are Italians which fill out the honey so close to the cappings that it
doesn't look as white as where there is a good air-space left. Theu
there are other Italians that make very white work.

Pounds of Honey to One of Wax.

How many pounds of honey will a colony of bees consume in
making one pound of wax? Utah.

Answer. — For a long time it was generally accepted that it takes
20 pounds of honey to make one of wax. Of late there has been much
discussion regarding it, some estimates being as low as two or three
pounds of honey for one of wax, with perhaps a more general gravi-
tating toward five to seven.

Buying Italian Bees— Formalin Gas for Foul Brood-
Feeding In Spring.

1. Where can I purchase a Langstroth 4-frame nucleus, with a
laying Italian queen?

2. Where can I get formalin gas ! aud how must I use it for foul
brood?

3. Can I feed sugar syrup to bees as soon as they can fly out in
the spring? If so, in what quantity?

4. I have just melted up some brood-combs with honey and pollen
all together. 1 took off the wax when it was melted — can I feed that
honey to the bees this spring? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I think the publishers of this Journal can serve
you, unless you find something nearer home in the advertising
columns.

2 Get it through your druggist. I know nothing about its use
from actual experience, but I believe the drug is placed in a box hav-
ing an opening through which the fumes escape into a hive-body
placed over, the combs to be operated on being in this hive.

3. Yes, when bees fly freely you can feed any quantity you like.

4. Yes.

April 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

219

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A BIG SNAP IN BUGGIES!

A well built, finely finished top
bagt'y with oil tempered springs. ^ \i^
Has all the Btyle shown by rigs cost- Xrv'

beat it in style or equal in prii
Write for price and agency pi.

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Box A 53, GlGclnDatl, O.

lOETt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Standard Italian Queens

OF THE HIGHEST QRADE,

Bred in Separate yards from superior stock of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains. Selected
from araon(^ the best stock of Long Tong-ue
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us with the greatest care for business. No dis-
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with its pure mountain air and pure sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man. See our circular for the rest.

Queens sent out last season by us arrived in
the very best shape, except a lew got chilled
late in the season in the North. Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
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States. We rear all queens t-ent out by us from
the .■gg or just-hatched larvi: in full' colonies.
Our method is up-to-date. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do. in the way
of fine, large, proliSc QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a trial
order.

Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00; 12
for $'1.00.

Tested, $3.00: Select, $3.00: Best, $5.00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.

3-frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman irames, no
Queen, $2.00; 2-frame, no Queen, $1.50. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.!

Special rates on Queens by the I'XI. Safe arri-
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son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. HA-LiL,

13Atf Jaspf.k, Pickkn> Co., Ga.

fi«<a.s6 mention Uee Journal

i FROM MANY FIELDS |

®SQQQQQSSQQQQQQSSQQQQQ)QQQS
An Abnormal Season.

Last season was very abnormal, and the
bees did not do extra well. There was too
much wet and oool weather during fruit-
bloom, and the twes got nothing of it. There
was plenty of white clover, but whatever
honey they got was used for brood-rearing.
There was excessive swarming, but the
swarms were very hard to catch; some went
right off and never clustered. The bees were
always very cross. D. E. Evers.

Otoe Co.. \ebr., March 10.

Wintering Bees in Cellars Contain-
ing Running Water.

Over 20 years ago my father had five apia-
ries, and wintered mostly in cellars. My old-
est brother did the managing. In one cellar
there was a running spring of water. Last
summer luy brother told me that the bees in
that cellar wintered better than in any of the
others. Perhaps the wurmtli of the spring
water had something to do with it.

On page l.iU, Mr. H. B. Stump gives a good
record for cellar-wintered bees, and makes the
remark that " the cellar is very damp, so that
water stands on the walls."

Mr. G. M. Doolittle has contended for years
that moisture did no harm, if the temperature
was kept uniform at 45 degrees. Mr. Stump
seems to go beyond that and claims that mois-
ture in the cellar not only does no harm to the
bees, but is a positive benefit.

If I am not mistaken, that phase of cellar-
wintering has not been discussed in the bee-
journals. It there are people who winter bees
in cellars containing springs they might be in
a position to give facts of considerable value
to bee-keepers in general.

I would like to know if Mr. Doolittle would
recommend building a bee-cellar over a spring,
in preference to choosing a dry bank, both
locations being on a side hill.

John S. Callbreath.

Delaware Co., N. Y., March St.

Some Tennessee Honey-Plants.

We have not had very cold weather this
winter. Our bees have wintered very well so
far. They are gathering pollen and some
honej'. The maple and elm trees are now in
bloom. We have a tree here commonly called
bee-willow — I have forgotten the Ijotanical
name of it. It is now in bloom. On fair
days the bees have a jubilee. Garden tiowers
will soon be in bloom, then the peach-trees.
In April, apple-trees and other fruit-trees. In
May, locust and tulip or poplar timber will be
in bloom. Various other trees will be bloom-
ing during spring and summer. A few farm-
ers s6w buckwheat, which comes in July and
August. Ked clover is not cultivated as it
should be, but we have some white clover in
the pastures, which gives some nectar if the
season is favorable. Another source of honey
is honey-dew; it comes the last of May and
first of June. We then get fine honey if the
weather is favorable for the bees to work.
Sometimes the rain makes it unfavorable for
bees to gather fall honey. We have a weed
that grows spontaneously in the fields. Some
call it stickweed, some frostweed; it is in
bloom just before frost, hence the name. It
granulates so the bees cannot do much with
it. H. M. Sherfet.

Washington di., Tenn., March 11.

Foul Brood in Illinois.

The Foul Brood Bill now before our State
Legislature is a very important one, and one
of a broader nature than at first may be sup-
posed by many.

The Ijee-keeptrs are not the only ones inter-
ested, by any nii-'aiis. The farmer that grows
the small red oi' the mammoth red clover,
alsike and white clover is also aflected by the
number of bees kept in the vicinity, the fact

Do It Quick! E

$2.50 Tor

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, $Suc:

National
Fruit-Grower, SOr:

tt 00

The American Poultry
Journal, 50c:

d) -

Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00

Sample Free

THeMoflernFaraer

St. Joseph, Ho.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, SO cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

AI^,,t.r,Q| that is over a quarter of a
«IUU1 ildl century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: *' We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Magic
Rheumatic Cure

It absolutely does cure. It is not a
CHEAP remedy, but it is a CHEAP
cure. Mark the distinction ! There
are a thousand remedies to one cure.
This is a cure. It costs $2.00 a bottle,
and is worth S20.00 to any sufiferer.
Sold only by our authorized agents or
direct of us. Send for circular. Agents
wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO., Chicago.

R. 331-315 DEARBORN ST.

Please menuon Uee J ' omai -wnen wrttlng,

n^liRS30DAYS

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flease mention Bee Journal "wiien "vritins

220

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

Ttiousanfls ol Hives = Millions o! Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the L nited
States, we have just made one shipment of five carloads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, WiscoHsin, U. S. A.

FOR THE BEST

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AND ALL

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A COOL MILLION

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catalog — it's free.
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BOYS

2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis. 111.

WE WANT WORKERS

being that the honey-bees are largely instru-
mental in the fertilization of the blossoms,
thus giving the farmer a good crop of seed for
future use and sale, for its use in reseeding
his meadows and pastures is so essential to
the growing of farm stock of almost all kinds.
The buckwheat crop is also much improved
by the work of our bees. The fruit-grower is
largely helped in securing ol better crops of
fruit bv the aid of the bees.

The "bee-keeper needs such a law as a just
protection to his property and to its very per-
petuity. Thus it will be seen that, from a
narrow view, three classes of our people are
in need of a foul Ijrood law— the farmer, the
fruit-grower, and the bee-keeper. If this
dread disease is allowed to go unchecked very
few bees may be left to do the much-needed
work for those above-named.

Our State needs such a law, and that
badlv. As bee-keepers we should now be
fully awake and shower our law-makers with
letters asking their earnest support.

I have at hand a letter from our representa-
tive, Hon. W. W. Gillespie, stating, as one of
the House Committee, that the bill had been
read and recommended by the Committee,
that it do pass. This is encouraging so far.
He also said he would do all he could to
secure its passage. F. A. Sxell.

Carroll Co., 111.

e fnratsh capital loalart jtd id bosi-
u. Send OS 10c »t*mp9 0r8ilT*r for faU instiuction. and a l;De of
uplauiworkwttli. URAPFR PHRI.lSHINn Cn..CWcaf0.1ll.

'IT'S IN THE WHEELS "^^

, that our _

Farmers' Handy Wa^on

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stn tig. durable, handy and

che;i(.. Lealers sell them.

Send for illustrated book
ling full descript:

s fn

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FARMERS' HANDY WAGON CO.
~J f*ug\navt MIohlfran

Please mentioii Bee journal -when vmtiiie

Headquarters^"" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freig-ht rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey -Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my cataloe.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI. OHIO.

Office and Salesrooms— 2146-ls Central An
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

The Hamilton Co., Ohio, Association.

It has been frequently urged in the bee-
journals that one of the pressing necessities
of the times is the enactment of a law in
every State of the Union to protect the apiary
from the ravages of foul brood.

It is to be regretted that so large and im-
portant a State as Ohio has no such law on its
statute books, yet from Government statistics
it produces more honey than the State of Colo-
rado : its bee-keepers are more equally distri-
buted over the State, and the consumption of
honey in its manufacturing industries is so
extensive that other States have to be drawn
on for supplies to meet the demand.

A number of bee-keepers in Cincinnati, and
adioining surburbs in the county of Hamil-
ton, held a meeting last August and formed
an organization called the ■• Hamilton County
Bee-Keepers' Association,'' the first of its
kind, exclusively in the State, with a member-
ship of .50. and at each monthly meeting of
the executive committee new members are be-
ing enrolled, and from alt indications, where
the constitution and objects of the association
are fuUv understood by bee-keepers, still
greater accessions to its ranks are expected,
as in this county there are upwards of dOO bee-
keepers. . , ,
The executive committee feel gratihed ana
enthusiastic at the result of their preliminary
efforts They would strongly urge through
the medium of the American Bee .Journal,
that similar initiative steps be taken in each
of the ^-^ counties in the State, as early as pos-
sible this spring, so that this association may
have a united support in demanding of the
Legislature, through their delegates, the en-
actment of laws for the suppression of foul
brood as it is enjovedby California, Colorado,
Wisconsin, New York, Michigan, Florida, etc.
Hamilton Co.. Ohio. Wm. .1. tiiLLiLASn.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is lough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

""''^IVorWimgwav into Fonndation tor Cash a Specialty. Beeswax

"'Tt^fogTvrn*gtu?L 'l' jfE SI*S?pVTi-ES with prices and samples. FRKE on application.

~ GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Producer's Name on Honey.

In reading the article by P. D. .Jones, and
vour replv. on page S3, I was very much im-
pressed with the seriousness of this vital
que'^stion, and I think we need an intelligent
adjustment of this matter. I wish to register
mv protest along with that of Mr. Jones. 1,
like him, with considerable skill and pains-
taking produce considerable comb honey,
and according to grade. I am willing to stand
back of every pound with my own name. 1
sell mv honev in a wholesale way, very often
the whole crop to a single concern, with each
section stamped, and so far they seem to pre-
fer it that wav ; in fact, this year I was asked
to stamp my honey, and I know they do not
erase the name, tjecause I have a great many
letters from dealers who say they saw my
honey, and asking quotations on honey. Of

Tn iTiRke cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
BOTTBMmSBDaWinBiCat.212free.W.Chester,P»

April 2, 1903.

THE AMERiCAN BEE JOURNAL.

221

course. I am compelled to tell tlicm Su-and-So
o£ their place bought my entire crop, and, no
doubt, can supply them, but will be pleased
to correspond for my crop next year. This
makes competition and higher prices, and that
is my reward.

Now. it the dealer was to erase my name
and substitute his own he would be robbing
me of my just dues, and if that is not illegal
it ought to be punishable. But there is an
uhwritten law governing these things. I am
not in the mood, neither do I have the incli-
nation, to make a reputation for Mr. A's or
Mr. Bs honey ; neither do I care to build up
the reputation of all the honey produced in
Idaho by painstaking care. And. there is a
natural law of compensation which rewards
«ach individual for their greater efforts. Now,
Mr. York, you would not think of erasing the
name from a package of D. M. Ferry's seeds
and substituting your own, and selling it as
such.' If you erase the name from the honey
you certainly do a very unjust thing. Come,
now. Mr. York, own up that you are beaten ;
there's two to one, and numlwrs count.

Alma Olson.

Fremont Co., Idaho, Feb. 21.

[Were we to say more on this subject it
would only be to repeat what we have said
many times. We never say on our labels
that !f< are the producer's of the honey we sell.
We have spent hundreds of dollars in creat-
ing a demand for " Y'ork's Honey,'' and not
for Olson's or that produced by .Jones. Their
whole crops would be but as a " drop in the
bucket " compared to what we sell during a
season. We stand back of all the honey that
goes out as " York's Hon'ey," and know noth-
ing of Olson's, or Nelson's, or Miller's honey,
and care nothing about their honey. We are
not working to sell their honey, unless we
buy it, when it becomes "Y'ork's Honey,"
like any other good honey we buy. After it
passes out of their hands they have nothing
further to do with it, having received their
pay for it.

When you sell your wheat or oats to a
dealer do you insist on having your name on
the bags holding the wheat or oats- Well,
hardly 1 — Editor.]

That Missing Link in Queen-Rear-
ing.

With the editor's permission, I will give my
notion on the so-called umbilicus, "missing
link '' or " line,"' as you please.

Where does it begin and end : What is its
object? Dr. Gallup says, page 454, " attached
to the vulva." He, being a doctor, is in a
good position to know what he writes al)out.
When I read this it set me to thinking.
■What a place for the beginning of an umbili-
cal cord, anyhow ! Do all queens have them ;
How about the workers and poor drones*
Would '• umbilical queens " be on the mar-
ket, and what would be the price of the "ex-
tra-select-tested'" from the " prize long-um-
bilicus queen! " These and many more (lues-
tions came to my mind as I lay awake nights.

After reading the text-books and papers I
resolved to let my beec settle the matter, and
set some nuclei going for close observation.
Let me say here that my library has 34 vol-
umes I colonies) of 20 pages each, and for
mauy years they have been my best books.
Meanwhile Mr. Doolittle, page .%iS', took up
the "line'' and tightened the kinks by cor-
roborating Dr. Gallup's article. He says:
According to my old teacher, the missing
•'link," that which will produce the best
queens — is supplied in nearly every instance
when using the plan of queen-rearing as given
in " Scientific Queen-Reariu... ' But Mr.
Doolittle has given us the ending of the
" line'" as being "all under and through the
royal jelly in every conceivaMe direction."
while his old teacher says: "T'.ose roots and
tendrils do not go wandering aruuud through
the mass of royal jelly."' Wliich is right,
teacher or pupil; According t'j the former,
the object of the cord is "to suck up sub-
stance from the jelly and ci->'ivey it to the

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A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
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Reg^ulation dovetail with % Warp-Proof
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IW" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES,

Front i Walnut Sts.. CINCINN ATI.'.OHIG.

please mentioa Bee .iotima: ■wnen 'wrltlcA

Marshlield Mannfacturipg Couipany.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the marlset.
■Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write'for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wteii wrttma.

B66SlorSal6.

101 17 frame-Hive Colonies at $3 SO each

150 3-f rame N uclei at 2.00 each

i3A5t G. W. GftTES, Bartleti, Tenn.

iUe

if you work for

DUslness and furnish tlie capital. *> nm.
jligbt and easy. Send 10 cenU for full
line of samples and particulare.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago. Ills.

BEES FOR SALE.

65 colonies of bees, -kj of which are in
dovetailed hives, and the remainder in
hives. Apply

13A2t

JAHES ncKAY, Tuscola. Mich.

TO BUY

30 to 50 colonies of Uees
on Hoffman frames.
Address.H. JoHANSEN,
Fremont Hoiel, 1' Soutli Clark St., Chicago, 111.
ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee JOCRN.4L who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to iuves- (3
tigate 0

MountUnlonGollege |

Our molto in all departments is "Max- 0

imum efficiency at minimnm cost." 0

Our scholastic training is equal to tbe g

best, our reputation first-class. All ex- iZ

penses for a year, aside from tbe cloth- 52

iug- and traveling, less than $200.00. Co' g

education, health conditions, moral and g

religious influence, superior. S

Send for catalog. Ti

MOUNT I'MOX COLLEGE,

Alliance, Ohio*

That New Work

ON QUEE.N-REARINQ now ready to mail. Con-
tains hundreds of dew ideas on queen-rearing.
Book and Tested Breeding Queen, $2.00.

Address, HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, IWass. ;

Please -nention Bee Journal -when -wriliug-

^-t^-^^^^^-A.^^^

We are tlie Latest Mannfacturers of Bee-Keeiiers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send for catalog. ... . _.^ .. .- ^ -_. ^^^

Minneapolis, Minn.

We Have tlie BesfGoods, Lowest Prices, M Best SMppinK Facilities.

Please mention Bee Journal ^'aea uniting

paid

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

•1*218

This is a g'ood time
to send in your Bees-
wax. We are paying
38 cents a pound —
CASH— for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

222

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

Tennessee ftueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. BredSJi miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, "S cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

PleP'se mention Bee Journal when vn-itmg

/-•_^_,;_» is the very best honey-producing
C'ttinip plant. I have sold in nearly every
State in the Union. I have a small amount of
this ffood seed yet. Order soon. 3 ozs. tor i5c,
or on^elb for $l!lS. O. S. HINSDALE.
14Alt KENDRICK. IDAHO.

IT IS A FACT

That our line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies are
some of the best goods in the world, and that
our system of dealing with our trade is not ex-
celled by anybody. Plenty of testimony from
satisfied customers proves these things. Write
and get our suggestions, our catalog and our
discounts for winter-time orders-ALL free.

The Lareest Stock of Bee Keepers Supplies
tn Indiana C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

4'»A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

B

IINGHAIH'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Farwsii M>->-

PRICE CATCHES TRADE.

but our ciuality holds It year after year after year.
PACiKWin KV WIliK KK>t'l CO., Al>l!l AN, M U'll.

Please mention Bee J ouxnal wtien writing

$ I ^.80 For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in coDstructioi
action. Hatches every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrang^cments so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by f relghl
or express, at the foUowiog prices, cash wltb
the order: ^^ ^^^ ^^ l_^

Sweet Clover [white) $.75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhiteClover 1.50 2 .'iO 6.S0 12 50

Alfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.25 8 00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO. ILL

hHve money. We start you in bualneBS. You make
large prolita. Easy worli. We fumiah capital. Send
111 c.nta for full lUte of aamjdea and particulars.

DRAPER PIBLISHINQ CO.. Chicago, Ills.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

queen," and the pupil leaves the same im-
pression. ■

Now we have it all ia a nutshell. Isn't it
grand? With the subject set forth and cham-
pioned by such high authorities as quoted
above, I have been a little slow to expose my-
self. But'with ray bee-nature to back me up,
i now wade into the truth fearlessly.

My nuclei were kept g-oing until late in
November— carried them in and wrapped
them up nights. The cells were examined
frequently, and in the pupa stage carefully
dissected, mouated in water and viewed with
the aid of lenses. The so-called " link " was
exposed and magnitied separately, and in no
instance did it prove to be anything more than
a part of the delicate lining that the pupa
(lueen gives to her couch when she " lies down
to pleasant dreams,'' as it were.

Umbilicus nonsense! There is no such
thing. Sting-trowel theoriesdwindle to noth-
ing in comparison. Nay, my bees have a
xtro/K/ei- proof that it is a fallacy. Here is a
trutli they have taught me, and for their sake
I will speak for them. I challenge the entire
bee-keeping fraternity to disprove it. Here
it is ; Honey-bees, indudhiij queens, drones and
wurkers, are inactive and take no food while in
the pupa stage. This is also true in other of
the higher orders on insects, as the Lepidop-
tera and Diptera. If these assertions are cor-
rect no further proof is necessary.

The lump of royal jelly in the cell has noth-
ing to do whatever with the kind of queen it
contained. Why, it never became a part of
her. It is what she ati\ and not the left-over
dried waste, that developed her.

Nature is what she is, and she will not yield
one jot to our pet theories, even though we
spin them ever so tine. We can produce the
highest grade of " puddin' " only by living in
close touch with our bees and hearkening to
all they teach. Evan E. Edwards.

Madison Co., Ind,

Stinging a Hatpin-Other Peculiar-
ities of Bees.

I think I have an explanation for the action
of bees in stinging a hatpin head. It involves
the trait I learned when a boy, back in Illinois,
by which we boys used to jug bumble-bees,
hornets and yellow jackets, and doubtless
would catch bees or any stinging insect.

We would take a jug (white preferred)
partly BUed with water, and set it near a nest,
in plain sight, and then disturb the inmates,
when they would come out and flght the jug,
stinging at the mouth until they went in with
the peculiar thud made by an insect going
into a jug or the bung-hole of a barrel. Dis-
turbing them a few times would exterminate
the entire colony. Bees generally sting at
some mark, as mouth, nose, eye or ear. I
have had them sting at a white shirt-button
on my wrist-band.

If there are only one or two bees that are
anxious to fight, I try to get them to attack
the nose of my smoker, and give them a whiff
of smoke, which soon quiets their nerves.

My bees were very cross when I got them
three years ago, but they are quite gentle
now. Bees are irritated by jars, as a person's
breath, the smell of poibon from the stinger.
I avoid these things as much as possible. I
don't think they know me from any one else,
or pay any attention to any smells, except the
above. I wear the clothes which I wear at
my other farm work, and they are often
tainted with various smells. The sweat from
my face often drops into the hive without
disturbing the bees. I think my bees know
when I have the smoker, because a small
amount of smoke— so little that it does not
seem to be sufficient to have any effect— keeps
them quiet, when if there was no smoke used

they would come out for a general flght.
Prowers Co., Colo. C. Stimson.

The Season of 1902.

The last season, around here, was a.badone
for gathering honey, from early spring to late
fall. There was plenty of bloom in its season,
but having so much rain and cold spells, the
rains washed all nectar out of the bloom,
which made it hard for liees to gather honey,
except from the basswood flow, and for two

/l|[i|lllllli|l|l"ll|illl||[l|||!'rfl'ipi||||lll!IT

Good Bye

old whitewash lini>li «itli>nur hard work

The Hardie Whitewashing Machine

not only works much faster but forces the
liquid into every crack and destroys insect
life which a brush would pass over.

Send $7.50 for the complete machine, ex-
press prepaid,

need then]

HARDIE SPRAi" PUMP
MFC CO.

DETROIT, MICH ^—

Please mention Bee Journal when writinp

Warned to rurcDase

200 to 400 colonies of BEES— northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Texas. State price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and without supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.
Address, Dr. Geo. D. Mitcbeli, & Co.,

12.Vtf 321 Wash. Avenue, Ogden, Utah.

Please mention Bee journal -when ■writlna

POVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. K?ep thetr
laying. For hatching and brood
ing use the beat reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon guarantee.

THE ORMAS '

1» A. BsntB, Lleonler, Indiana

4t)A20t Please mention i

^ PV TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

Vk I _ We will present you with the first 85 yon

V r^k take in to start yon in a Rood paying husl-

Bnens. Send 10 cents tor full line ot samples

C^"D'RA'pER^¥ijBLISHINQ ci)"' Chicato, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal when wiitine

AN OPPORTUNITY.

Barred Plymouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee Fixtures. Send for circular.
d. F. MICHAEL,
13\4t R. t). Winchester, Ind.

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing- agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for "
let us quote you prices. Be

,and
inted. Send
fo'rcat'a"log.'""H.MirHUNT & SON.

lOAlTt BEUL BRANCH, MICH. ■

Bee-Keepers, Remember

that the freight rates from Toledo
are tbe lowest ot any city lu the U.h.
We sell

Root's Supplies at their
Factory (»rices * * * * *

Poultry Supplies and Hirdware Im-
plemeiits a specialty. Send for our
free Illustrated Citalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted. _

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

ation tbe Bee Jo

BASSWOOD TREES.

n„»,n two feet 25 for fl.ro; 100 for $3.00

Two to three feet 25 for 1.25; 100 for 4.00

Three to four feet 25 tor 1..50; 100 for 5.00

12A3t a. W. PETRIE, Fairmont, Minn.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen wntinfr

April 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

223

or three weeks during this flow the bees did
fairly well.

I put out 6 colonies, sprin;; count; 3 of
them dwindled out, which left me 4. I bought
H prime swarms, and caught 2 wild ones, and
increased to \h colonies, but did not gel much
honey. I had to feed syrup to I! late swarms,
and I am at present feeding 5 colonies sugar
candy; I may have to feed more after putting
tbem out on the summer stands.
. I am in a good location, on the DesMoines
river, with a good range for bees, season con-
sidered. Last Reason was a bad one for rob-
ber-bees getting in their work; I had to keep
the hive-entrances closed pretty nearly all sea-
son. I had one weak colony that was attacked
by robbers, and they locked horns with the
robbers, and went out, bag and baggage.

I winter my bees in a storm cave with sand
floor; it is as dry as can be; the door faces
the south, and in flne weather, when the sun
is shining, I open the door and the bees come
out and have a flight. I am letting them have
their second flight to-day, there being no snow
on the ground, and they are well sheltered
from wind.

I bought y colonies 3 years ago; they were
in old racked up boxes; the wax-worms got
away with one of them.

I could not get along without the American
Bee Journal ; it is a weekly visitor to me.

Say, couldn't some of those smart Alecs
breed up a strain of bees without a sting, as
well as a strain of bees with a longer tongue !

It is a fine day, and the bees are out having
a playing spell. W. Irvine.

Webster Co., Iowa, March 7.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Utah.— The spring- meeting; of the Utah State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the
City and County Building, Salt Lake City,
April 5, at 10 o'clock a.m. All bee keepers of
Utah and adjoining States are cordially invited
to be present. J. N. Elliott, Sec.

E. S. LovESY, Pres.

nissouri.— Bee-keepers of Missouri will meet
in convention at Moberly, in the Commercial
Club Rooms, at 2 o'clock p.m., on Aoril 33,
190.?, to organiEe a Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association. We e.xpect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have some bee-talks the
day following. Everybody is invited who is in-
terested in be2s and honey. Let us have a
good turn-out and a good time. Good hotel ac-
commodations can be had at f 1.00 and 12 00 a
day. The Monitor Printing Company will tell
you where the Commercial Club rooms are
located. W. T. Caky, Acting Secretary.

■iVakeoda, Mo.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to
introduce the subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.
Note.— One reader writes: "I have every
on to believe that it would be a very good
idea for every bee keeper to
wear one [of the buttonsj as it
will cause p"ople to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many a conversation thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey ;
at any rate it would give the
bee-keeper a fuperior oppor-
tunity to enlighten many a
person in regard to honey and bees.

The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cenis;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Pglifrkmia I If yon care to know of in
^aillUrnict t pmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticnltural and Agrlcnltnral

Eiper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per aunnm. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, • San FKANCisco,CiL
Please mention Be© Journal v/heJi wrltlna

Tip=Top Glass Honey-Jars |ss«i5soooQ«oss!»ss««5

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

The pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of. They 4re
made of the clearest
flint glass, and when
filled with honey, and
neat labels attached,
they make as handsome
packages as can be

1-pound.

%-pound.

The glass
top rests on a flat rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top
as shown. They are
practically air - tight,
thus permitting n o
leak, which is an im-
7-ounce. portant thing with

honey-sellers.
We can furnish these Jars, f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices:

1 gross.

1-lb. Jars S5,00

8x;.ib. " 4.50

'r-oz. " 4.00

If you try them once you will likely use no
other Uind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO. ILL.

2gr.

J .</(•.

*9.50

SI 8. 00

8.50

lfi.50

7.50

14.50

C^— C^l^ 30 COLON ES of Italia

I UI *-^<^>^ Simplicity hives. Pr.c
from $5 O0to$..uii per colony. Satisfaction gua
anteed. JOHN HERBERT,

lJA2t Hampshire, Kane Co., III.

^ MARKET QUOTATIONS.

A Perfect Ear.- The Seed-Coru question is a
snbject of much interest to ihe farmers just
now, and there is perhaps more space devoted
to it in ag-ricultural papers than any other sub-
ject. The corn-iudgin^ schools which have
been held in Iowa and Illinois for 2 or 3 years
past have been well attended, and farmers who
have always thought that they knew what a
good ear of corn was, are fiudiog- that there are
more points to be considered than thev had
heretofore imagined could exist. The Golden
West Corn is a new variety introduced this year
by the Iowa Seed Co., of Des Moines, Iowa.
This corn is perhaps the greatest step in ad-
vance over old varieties which his been made
for a number of years, but it still must be recog-
nized that as vet perfect corn does not e.xist.
The best iudges of seed-corn do not claim ever
to have seen an ear which would score 100 per-
cent when carefully judged. There are many
points to be taUen into consideration; the length
and circurafereuce of the ear, and depth, color
and -shape of grain; solidity, size and color of
cob, filling out at tips add butts, proportion of
corn to cob, etc., and it is difficult to get all the
good characterisiics combined id any one ear.

The above named Seed Company have this
year published a Corn Manual which is one of
the most valuable little books that we have
seen. It gives a great amount of practical in-
formation which has never before been pub-
lished, and alsj full instructions for judging
seed-corn. Kverv one who expects to grow even
a single acre of corn should have a copy of this
book to help select their seed-corn in a more in-
telligent way, and the Iowa Seed Co. offer to
send a copy to any reader of this paper for 10
cents in stamps, or they will send it free to any
one purchasing seed-corn from them this year.
Please mention the American Bee Journal when

Chicago, March 24.— The trade is of small
volume with little change in prices of any of
the grades. Choice white comb sells at 15toi6c
with amber and other off grades slow at 2Vg)5c
less. Extracted, 7@8c for white, according to
kind and flavor; dark grades, 5J4®6>^c. Bees-
wax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mixed, 14@i5c; dark, 13fg*14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Hc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

KansasCity, Mar. 14,— The demand for both
comb and extracted honey is better, receipts
light. We quote as follows: Extra fancy white
comb, per case, $3.40; strictlv No. I, $3.30; No. 1
amber, $3@$3,25; No. 2, white and amber, $2.50.
Extracted, white, per pound, 7c; amber, 6@6J^c.
Beeswax, 30c, C. C, Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex-
tracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels, 5J^@65^c, according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c. Fancy comb honey, 15>4@
1654c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, March 5.— There Is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound for fancy, 13®
14c for No. 1, and 12c for amber, with sufficient
supply to meet the demand. Dark honey will
be cleaned up with very little left; it is selling
at about lie per pound. Extracted rather weak
and in quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote: White, 7(si7J4 cents; amber, t)54@7c;
dark, 6c. Beeswax scarce at 30@31c for good
average. Hildrbth & Sboblkbr.

Cincinnati, Mar. 7.— The comb honey market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14(SiiSc; no de-
mand for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, SKt^''5ffic; in cans
6@6Kc; while clover, 8@8>^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Webek.

San Francisco, Mar. ll.— White comb honey,
1254@13^c; amber, 9mic; dark, 7@7>6c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6K@7J^c: light amber, 5j4@6c;
amber, 5@5'4c: dark. 4(gi4%c. Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Demand 'S fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.

%A# A KITCr^ WHITE CLOVER EX-

WMIN I CL/ TRACTED honey:

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please meDtion Bee Journal ■when WTiting,

$300,000,000.00 A YEAH

and you may liavi- part of it If you work
f<iru8. Uncle Sani'B poultry product pays
tliat BUm. Send 10c for Bamples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in
busmesB. Draper PubllsbioKCo.,Chica2o,lll.
mention Bee journal wtien ■wntmgr

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested in Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICAOO. lU.

Helper Wanted

Young man with some experience to assist in
large apiary in Chicago, close to church and
city; everything modern. To help man with
years of experience who is also a thorough me-
chanic. Give age, experience, w.itres wanted,
reference, etc. Address, G. PURPLE,
Care American Bee Journal,

144 E. Erie Street, Chicago, III.

224

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 2, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than thuse we make,
and the chances are that thej are not
so fjood. If you buy of us yoit
Avill not be <Ii!«api>ointe<l.
'W« are iindersultl by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

cieasB mention Bee Journal wnen writing.

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at >2C a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than anv other published,

send $1.30 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DIscouots to the Trade.

tie,ja^\s,ja,.3a».ii^ia,je,ja,^i^ia,Jfi*ja,Ji^i^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation f^^

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^x^°:u^^?,^ii%o''s>.llt^S:'-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

■^Vhv Hrkf>e if «f»ll cr» Virf II 9 Because it has always given hetter satis-
W Iiy UUCd II. sell »W WCII r faction than any other. Because In 25 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS *"

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

iilo.i WUcli ^

Everuitiino

FOR

B66-K66D6rS

Our Catalog for this season has been
fully revised. This quotes our latest
prices on our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary. It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the asking. If you have not already
received a copy, send to the address
nearest, and by placing your order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.

La correspondencia puede ser en
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A solicitud se envia el catalogo Es-
panol gratis.

The A. I. Root Co.,

BRANCH OFFICES.

The

The
The
The

The
The

"t-'

Hedina, Ohio, U.S.A.

A. I. Root Co.,

10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A. I. Root Co.,

1024 Miss. St., St.Paul, Minn.
A. I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,

S. W., Washington, D. C.
A. I. Root Co.,

San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.

AGENCIES,

George W. York A: Co.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Montgomery Ward tt Co.,

Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
Hildreth & Segelken, 130 Broadway, N. Y. City
C.H.W. Weber, 21 4<) Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,

206 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, l.s2 Friend St., Boston, Mass.
Walters. Ponder, 512 Mass Av.,Indianapolis,Ind
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa
Prothe'o & Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 214 Jackson Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Monfg Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse Co., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit A Produce Co., Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 66 Harbour St., Kingston, Jamaica
Win. Boxwell, Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland

LOCAL DEALERS.

Besides these dealers who get carload lots
there are many local dealers haodliufj supplies
for their localities who obtain their supply
either at Medina or of one the above-named job-
bers, as may be most convenieui. These are
dealers in general merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or others interested in improved
methods of bee-keeping in their locality. If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity, it will be
to your interest to place your order with him;
but be sure to insist on having Root's Goods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.

^m- GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^^^.^^i^^l^T

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.

Send to them for

ICaLTDRAEt

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 9. 1903.

No. 15-

Some Officers and Directors of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association.

[These engravings are used here by the courtesy of the Canadian Bee Journal.)

Director C. W. Post.

Secretary Wm. Cousk.

Treasurer Martin Emigh.

:»j8iS.«

T»' y^^

Director J. K. Darling.

Director John Nbwton.

Inspector Wm. McEvoy.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

PUBLISHED ■WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is .$1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Decemljer, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Epie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

A 5TANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FREE

To GUI' Regular Paid-ia-Advatice Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription must
be paid in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so when you order one
of these fine Queens.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

Send us $1.00 and the name and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and we will mail you
one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.

We expect to mail the orders that are received after this date early
in June, and thereafter almost by return mail. v 7^«^^*^^)p^-r-?— t^*^*

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you 1 Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 9, 1903.

No, 15.

Editorial Comments. ^ |

Spraying Fruit-Trees in Bloom. — Geo. W. Stoneman, of
Door Co., Wis., wrote us as follows March 28:

Mr. Editor: — I now come to you in trouble, asking for help, it
such is possible. I am living in a fruit-growiog district, and must say
that last season my apiary was badly damaged, caused from fruit-
growers spraying while trees were in bloom.

1 do not think our bee-papers are half as sincere on this matter of
spraying as they should be; it is very seldom we see anything in them
in regard to it. If we bee-keepers try to tell the fruit-growers that
they are killing ofE the bees that fertilize and carry the pollen from
blossom to blossom, they will simply say, " O pshaw ! I have been told
by good authority that the wind does the fertilizing.''

So what can we do to stop this spraying while the trees are in
bloom? Is there not some printed matter that could be distributed
among them to teach them otherwise' Even our nurserymen recom-
mend spraying while in bloom. Now, what do you think we had best
do? They will have to be taught otherwise, or we will have io go out
of the bee-business. Geo. W. Stoneman.

This is no new thing. Every spring the Bee Journal has for years
had quite a good deal to say on this subject. How any regular reader
can charge the bee-papers with being insincere in this matter is more
than we can understand.

Several States have laws enacted against spraying while in bloom,
notably New York. We believe that no intelligent fruit-grower now-
adays advises spraying while in bloom. The time to spray with pois-
onous mixtures, in order to get best results, is just before and just
after the blossoming period.

The National Bee-Keepers' Association has issued a pamphlet or
two on this subject, we believe, which will be mailed free on request
by addressing the General Manager, N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Every bee-keeper should be a member of the National, and then
when anything of this kind comes up, he would feel at perfect liberty
to appeal to the General Manager for any aid that the National Asso-
ciation could give. The annual dues are only one dollar, and can be
sent to this othce if more convenient, as we are the Secretary for this
year, and one of our duties is to receive dues of members. The Gen-
eral Manager is the Treasurer of the As.sociation, and he also receives
dues.

We hope that every reader of this journal will at once become a
member of the National, if not already on its membership roll.

Sampling the Incoming Nectar can be done in the follow-
ing way, according to A. C. Miller in the American Bee-Keeper:

" With the thumb and forefinger grasp ah incoming worker by
the wings; with the second finger of the same hand, push against her
abdomen near the end, but just above the sting, and at the same time
place a finger of the other hand against the worker's mouth. The
nectar will flow out upon it and taste will readily determine the source
from whence it came. If the novice is afraid of pushing on the
sting, let him ' set ' the worker down on the hive-cover."

Starters Used in Forced Swarms are pronounced '• per-
nicious in the extreme " by W. K. Morrison in Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, because of the amount of drone-comb that will be built. He not
only thinks full sheets of foundation better, but prefers full combs to
either, saying, " If combs are not available, use full sheets of founda-
tion." If with fully drawn combs Uiere is any trouble about goin^^
up into the sections, he advises shallower frames.

Taking Brood from One Colony to Help Another. —

One of the things as to which a caution needs to be given each year
to the inexperienced is with regard to taking one or more frames of
brood from one colony to give to another. Here is a colony that is
really not a colony, but a nucleus, and a weak nucleus at that. The
beginner is likely to say:

" That little thing doesn't amount to anything as it is, but if I
take a frame of brood — perhaps better two or three frames of brood —
from one of my strongest colonies and give to this weakling, I will
then have two colonies instead of one."

Certainlj' it looks reasonable to believe that two colonies are bet-
ter than one; but things are not always what they seem. That weak-
ling, even after you have given it two or three frames of brood (and
if you give it as much as three frames the likelihood is that a good share
of the brood will be chilled), is still not in condition to make good
growth, while the colony from which the brood was taken has had a
setback from which it will not readily recover.

There would be a good deal more wisdom in uniting the weak-
ling with a strong colony. It that is not thought advisable, then let
the weakling alone. After a colony is strong enough to fill si.x or
eight Langstroth frames with brood, it is time enough to think of
drawing a frame of brood from it, and even then it may be the better
way to leave it intact and give it a second story. It is the strong
colonies that make the rapid increase in building up, and 18 frames
of brood will be increased to IB a good deal sooner in two than in
three hives.

Then when it is thought best to draw from the very strongest, let
it be to help, not the weaklings, but those that are next to the strong-
est, always helping the strongest of those that are weak enough to
need help.

Cuban Honey Competition.— Arthur C.Miller, in the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal, expresses the belief that there is little to fear
from the importation of Cuban honey, and adds:

Furthermore, it is not the competition of aliens, but of Americans
who are sojourning in Cuba — brothers with whom we have worked
side by side. Shall we slam the door in tlieir faces J Shall we remove
about all that makes their life in those surroundings bearable! It is
not the Cuban's honey, but the American's honey, that you are cry-
ing against, and it is just as reasonable for those States producing
little honey, and which sells at high prices, to ask to have Colorado,
or Texas, or California, honey kept out of their borders, as for all of
us to ask that our brother's honey be kept out of the American mar-
ket (unless it pay a high tax) because it was produced in Cuba.

To this the Editor replies :

When Americans make use of the resources of an alien soil to
compete in the markets of their countrymen, to all intents and pur-
poses they become aliens, and they should be regarded as such.

Some others might say that not only should we give the cup of
cold water to those of another State, or our citizens in another land,
but to our brothers born on foreign soil as well.

Formalin for Foul Brood.— C. H. W. Weber writes thus in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

Mr. Root: — Fulfilling my promise made you some time ago. to
inform you of any future developments regarding the cure of foul
brood by means of formalin gas, I now hand you the final report of
Prof. Guyer, of the University of Cincinnati. The combs mentioned
in his report were sent to me to experiment with, by friend bee-keep-
ers. After fumigating them I sent them to the Professor, with the
request that he endeavor to find signs of lite; but, as he says, he could
not. Following is his report: ,

" Seventy-five tests for foul brood in bee-comb. Tests were as fol-
lows: Forty tests on comb which had been subjected to formalde-
hyde-culture, medium-agar at 37'''C; 10 tests on comb containing
honey treated as above; l.'i tests on coml) as above culture, medium
boriellon at 'i~"C ; 10 tests on comb ( foul brood) not treated with

228

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

formaldehyde. Bacillus alvei (germ of foul brood) was found In the
comb not xubji'fted to lonnaldehyde; none was found in the combs
which had been treated with formaldehyde."

This establishes beyond a doubt that formalin gas is a sure cure
for foul brood ; and I hope that bee-keepers who are unfortunate
enough to have colonies attlioted with this disease will give the new
cure a trial.

To this Editor Root replies as follows :

I do not feel so certain myself that formalin gas is an absolute
sure cure; but the experiments thus far conducted by Mr. Weber give
us great reason for hoping that we have something here of more than
ordinary value. /;' we can treat diseased combs by so simple a plan
as this, we can wipe foul brood out of a yard with very little expense
or trouble.

For years it has been claimed in European bee-journals that this
or that drug could be successfully used in treating foul brood, and a
very few in this country have been of the same belief. For some rea-
son cases of successful treatment in this country have not been re-
ported with the same frequency as in Europe. Some have claimed
that a reason for this lies in the lact that in Europe the disease has to
some extent run its course, while in the fresher fields of this country
it appears with emphasized virulence.

Editor Root has uniformly insisted heretofore that no drugging
could be relied on. Is our esteemed cotemporary not going a little too
far to the other extreme when he says,"!/" we can treat diseased
combs by so simple a plan as this, we can wipe foul brood out of a
yard with very little expense or trouble*" The use of formalin, /; it
is as successful as claimed, will enable us to save our combs and
honey ; will it do anything more! It will not save the brood. Will it
do anything more than to put the trouble of disinfecting the combs in
place of the trouble of burning them? Even that, however, will be an
important gain.

Winter Losses in the West seem to have been severe. The
Rocky Mountain Bee .Journal says :

Our reports from the Western slope indicate that the loss will be
large, due to the severe cold weather and depleted vitality of the bees.
Denver bee-keepers estimate that the average loss in their locality
will amount to 50 percent. In northern Colorado the loss is above
normal, but not so severe. We have no reports from the Arkansas
valley.

It is too early yet to make a reliable estimate of winter losses.
There are colonies that now give promise of survival that will not
reach the first of May, unless the spring is extremely favorable.

Convention Proceedings.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page 214.) ^

PICKLED BROOD.

" Is pickled brood ever ropy ?"

Dr. Miller— No.

Mr. France — I agree with Dr. Miller on that. I never
knew pickled brood to be ropy, neither do I believe that
pickled brood will ever develop into anything- else.

Dr. Miller — It will string a little bit, won't it?

Mr. France — No, it never gets ropy.

Dr. Miller — Won't it draw out a little bit ?

Mr. France — There may be a stage at which it may be
drawn out a little — elastic ; but it is only a matter of a
couple of days.

Pres. York — Is it contagious ?

Mr. France — No, sir.

EXTRACTING-SUPBRS.

Mr. Clute — How many prefer the large extracting
super ? How manj- prefer 16 and 20 frame extracting su-
pers instead of 8 and 10 ?

Mr. France — I think that hinges largely on the locality.

Dr. Miller — Wouldn't it also depend largely on his api-
ary ? If he had only two colonies he wouldn't want a 16-
frame extractor — I beg pardon — super.

Mr. Niver — How do you use 16 frames in an extractor?

Mr. Clute — My 16-frames are expanded by a piece on
top that allows the 16 frames to go crosswise of the whole.

Mr. France — I see that Mr. Niver is not understanding
Mr. Clute in regard to that. As he came back from Cuba
he explained this hive to me. The hive-body has a little
projection so that the other set of frames, the extracting
frames, go crosswise, and the length is sufficient. When
you put the full length in there you have about 18 — some of
mine I have 20. The idea came from Mr. Coggshall, who
uses them very largely. You are getting extracting combs,
two sets in a one-story hive. They are in the next tier to
the brood. Now, during extracting I like that style of hive.
We can take off honey faster in that than in any other hive
I have ever seen.

Mr. Clute — The plan didn't come from Coggshall. It is
the same as the 8 and 10 frame hives. I have a cut of the
hive here, which I will be glad to explain.

LONG-TONGUED BEES.

" Has this season's test proved any superiority in the
long-tongued bees ?"

Pres. York — I think the man who has the long-tongued
bees is not here, as I hear no answer to the question.

LAYER OF AIR OVER SECTIONS.

" Is a layer of air over sections usually filled with bees ?
and will more honey be stored on that account ?"

Pres. York — It seems to me that Dr. Miller was the
man who talked about " a layer of air."

Dr. Miller — I think it is usually filled with bees. I
don't know whether more honey will be stored. I know if
there isn't air there, there will be bee-glue there. In other
words, with " a layer of air," as he calls it, when that layer
of air is there the bees will come in there, but they will not
put bee-glue on a surface as they will in a crack or an
angle. Wherever a bee can pass through itself, it thinks —
at least I understand it thinks so — that there sliould not be
a crack there big enough for anything else to go through,
and they will plug that full of bee-glue ; but having the
space there for them to get through, they may furnish a
little bee-gule, but it won't be anything like the quantity
they will put there ; so I will say the advantage of the bee-
space is not that you will get more honey, but you will get
less bee-glue there with that space than without it.

Mr. Baldridge — How much space would you use ?

Dr. Miller — About a quarter of an inch.

Mr. Baldridge — Do you ever use an inch, or an inch and
•a half ?

Dr. Miller — Yes, I have had in some cases, though per-
haps not intentionally.

Mr. Baldridge — A few years ago Mr. Root made a good
many hives with a cover and l}'i or 1;'4 ; and a man shipped
me a car-load of hives once, and lie had mats with them. I
didn't use them, though ; I threw them away, and that left
a space of 2'. to 3 inches above the frames, and I found it
very desirable, and I wouldn't object to-day to having a
cover made leaving an inch or 1 "2 -inch space. Some say
they will fill that space with comb and honey. I have had
that done, but that I consider a great advantage ; I am
ahead so much, and, besides, it is an indication that they
need more room.

Mr. Craven — I will ask Mr. Baldridge if any burr-combs
were built ?

Mr. Baldridge — Where the space is shallow, but I have
found it very desirable. The bees belonged to Mr. Flana-
gan. I had a car-load of them. Frequently I used to find
them full of young bees when I would take the cover off,
especially after they were on the hive for a while. I took
the cover to any colony to strengthen them. All young
bees, nearly.

Dr. Miller — I would like to ask whether Mr. Baldridge
considers that irregular comb — for, of course, that would be
irregular comb built in that space — whether he considers it
more desirable to have that there than in the sections ?

Mr. Baldridge — Well, of course, the comb would be
built irregularly in that top cover, but they wouldn't attach
it to the frames.

Dr. Miller — No, that is not the question. Do you con-
sider it is more desirable to have that irregular honey up
there than to have it built in sections ? Do you think that
that irregular honey built there is so much more than they
would have stored if they hadn't had that ?

Mr. Baldridge — Yes, sir; and I am just so much ahead

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

229

Dr. Miller — Well, I just think you are mistaken.
[Laughter.] Now, I want to say to you that I have very
great respect for Mr. Baldridge. He was keeping bees and
mastering the art when I was trying to find out what dis-
eases they had when I heard the noise of thequahking down
in the bottom, and Mr. Baldridge has been in the business
long enough to teach us.

Mr. Baldridge — I will say tViis : I seldom find bees
working in that cover unless they were lacking room be-
low, and that's why I say I am just so much ahead, that if
it hadn't been there they would have put it in the brood-
nest. I was producing extracted honey.

Mr. Horstmann — It is not safe to try that plan. After
a meeting of this kind we almost always work on the plans
spoken of during the convention. I am sure the bees will
put that full of comb before going into the super. If you
raise the hive up they will build below the frames. It may
work all right in Mr. Baldridge's location, but not here.

Dr. Miller — Please let us have clearly before us that
Mr. Baldridge is talking of extracting-combs. I haven't
any doubt, although you would have two inches of space
over extracting-combs, and the bees would have to be
crowded a good deal for room before they would put an
ounce in there. It takes quite a little bit of crowding to
get them to work in a space of 1'+ inches, and you have to
take two inches of space over there and give them plenty of
comb to fill in for extracting, and you won't be troubled
much with irregular combs.

Mr. Horstmann — I am satisfied that they won't work
up there if they have extracting-combs to work on. We are
producing comb honey. If any one is working for extracted
honey, and he likes that space, I believe it would be all
right.

Mr. Whitney^Mr. Baldridge, do you apply that princi-
ple even to the slightest space above sections ?

Mr. Baldridge — I would. In the sections I would add
bait-combs, and in this cover there is nothing to entice the
bees to commence until they are full. They won't com-
mence to work there until they are crowded.

Mr. Whitney — I should think they would soil the sec-
tions.

Mr. Niver — Mr. Chairman, I am responsible for this
quarrel, though they get a great deal more honey by leav-
ing a bee-space above the sections. I quarreled with him
because the sections were all stained on top, and they always
will be. He said he got so much more honey when he filled
that bee-space with bees when they get to work. I always
believe in the enamel cloth, so the bees can get on top
there. All this machinery they get up for sand-papering
on top is bosh. With the enamel cloth the bees can't touch
the sections at all.

Mr. Purple — How does it tier up ?

Mr. Niver — We have all our supplies made with that
idea. We have a skeleton honey-board so the bees can not
possibly touch it, whether we tier up or not. That point of
putting up more honey because you have an air-space filled
with bees, I want to find out.

An adjournment was then taken to 6:45 p.m.
(Continued next week.)

I Contributed Articles. }

Present Status of the Pollination Question.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

THE urgent request of a subscriber, enforced by our Editor,
leads me to present this important question in the light
of the most recent research.

The experiments of Mr. Waite, made nearly 10 years
ago, with mine made soon after, and the more recent work
of Prof. Fletcher, settled beyond question the following
facts :

Many if not all varieties of our fruits that bear seeds
must always be pollinated to grow at all, and all to produce
seeds. Most, if not all, require— some possibly always, most,
if not all, at times— cross-pollination to set a full crop of
fruit. As some one has stated. Nature seems to abhor
close-pollination. Some plants, like the cereals, and grasses,
are fertile with their own pollen. Nearly all our fruit-trees

need the invigorating effect of cross-poUination to produce
a maxium yield of fruit.

The way these experiinents were conducted was to cover
the blossoms with netting just before the blossoms opened.
This netting was so close in its meshes as to preclude the
entrance of even the tiniest insect. The blossoms were kept
covered unil they wilted and fell. This, of course, kept
away all insects — the great agents of cross-pollination. It
was found that in many cases, of pears, plums, prunes, etc.,
there was no fruit at all when the blossoms were covered.
Often, while there was some fruit, there was a very limited
crop. In some cases, as with Koyal apricots, in my case
the covering seemed not to diminish the crop at all ; in fact,
I secured more fruit from the blossoms that were covered.

It might be objected that the covering, and not need of
insect visits to insure cross-pollination, was the cause of
the fruit failing to set. In my case this could not be. In
more than one instance, where the bees were thronging the
blossom-crowded trees, I unwrapped the netting and per-
mitted the bees to visits flowers, after which I at once re-
stored the screen. I marked the blossoms visited, and these,
and no other, fruited. In one case, of Kelsey plum, it is
very interesting ; every fruit that the string-mark showed
had been visited by bees developed, and no other.

These experiments show clearly that the screens are no
bar to setting and development of fruit; and sustain the
view, with emphasis, that cross-pollination is essential in
many cases to a full setting of fruit, or even to the develop-
ment of any fruit at all.

The cases of fruit failure, where there are no bees, or a
scarcity of bees in the orchard, and when fruiting was
markedly increased where an apiary was secured within or
close beside the orchard, are becoming so common in Cali-
fornia that there is in many sections an anonymous ac-
knowledgement of the need of bees in the orchard by the
orchardists themselves. Indeed, in many cases of trees
blooming profusely, each season, and yet setting little or
no fruit, there is probably one of two explanations that will
always, or nearly always, meet the case : Either there are
too few insects (bees are the main agents), to do this neces-
sary work of cross-pollination, or else there is only one
variety of fruit-trees that blossom at the time in the
orchard. Many orchardists in California have become
clearly convinced of the wisdom — yea, the positive neces-
sity— of mixed planting of varieties that blossom at the
same time, if one would secure the largest returns.

It will be remembered that a Mr. Smith, now deceased,
of one of the Lake Erie islands, was a bee-keeper and also a
fruitgrower. He frequently wrote for the American Bee
Journal and Gleanings to the effect that bees were not
necessarj'. The islands had no bees, and yet the orchards
were immensely productive. Others have orchards of only
one variety — Bartlett pears, for example — and yet secure
large crops. They, of course, question the importance of
cross-pollination. The facts of such persons are undeni-
able; their conclusions are not at all warranted. There is
conclusive evidence that crossing among both animals and
plants give added vigor. In fact, the origin of sex in both
plants and animals is to be accounted for on this principle
of added vigor consequent upon inter-crossing. The Bart-
lett pear will often produce full crops with no other variety
near. It is probable that in all such cases the environment
and all the circumstances are propitious, that the trees are
in great vigor, and are as a result fertile to their own pol-
len. It is equally well established that any unfavorable
change of season, any lessened care, or untoward circum-
stance, may enfeeble the trees, and they will become en-
tirely sterile to their own pollen. We can easily believe
that trees on the fertile limestone soil of the Erie islands,
bathed by the moist lake winds, and abundantly watered by
the copious rains incident to the region, would be at a max-
ium of vigor, and would very probably be self-fertile. I
have no hesitancy, however, in asserting that such trees
may at any time become barren, unless other varieties are
hard by, and unless bees are in the near precincts to act as
the needed "marriage priest" to effect the needed cross-
pollination.

We must not forget, then, that while it is always wise
to mix varieties, and secure the near proximity of bees, yet
in rare cases trees — probably those in fullest thrift and
vigor — will bear well, even by themselves, and with no in-
sects to bring to the stigmas the pollen from the flowers of
other varieties.

One other fact should be borne constantly in mind: In
nature, trees and bushes are more scattered — an acre will
usually have hardly a score of a kind, and contiguous acres
will often vary greatly in their species. Thus the limited

230

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

number of nectar-loving insects in Nature are sufficient to
do the pollinating work. In our orchards it is different. A
hundred trees, and even thousands of bushes and vines,
often are crowded on a single acre. Many of these bloom
in the early spring-time, when insects are few and far be-
tween. Here, then, we must supplement the agencies of
pollen dispersion. Bees, fortunately, are just to our hands.
Each hive pours forth its thousands of these little flower-
lovers. And even in spring-time they crowd the blossoms
of shrub and trees. Thus, without artificial crowding of
trees and shrubs, we must likewise arrange for supernum-
erous agents of pollen dispersion. We find these abettors
in our bees, each apiary sending out not infrequently mil-
lions of bees to engage in the transfer of pollen from flower
to flower. These facts then are settled :

1. Cross-pollination is usually needed to secure full
fruiting.

2. Occasionally very vigorous trees or plants are fertile
to their own pollen.

3. Seeds can never be produced without pollenization.

4. Rarely trees will bear fruit (seedless fruit) without
pollen. The navel orange is an example.

5. Insects are necessary to cross-pollinate the bloom.

6. In the crowding of varieties as we do in orchard cul-
ture, we need more than the native insects, and in such case
the honey-bee is the only available agent.

7. The wise orchardist will always mix varieties in his
orchard, and will look to it that abundant bees are always
near by at time of bloom. Los Angeles Co., Calif.

Queen-Rearing— Gallup vs. Alley Methods.

BY ARTHUR C. MULKR.

"A ^^ ^^^ P°* called the kettle black." Dr. Gallup
J^ and Mr. Alley are on the point of coming to blows,
and all because each is sure he is right, and that the
other is wrong. But they are both right and both wrong.
The man who steps bet%vecn two combatants generally gets
his own head broken, but even at the risk of that I will step
in here and see if I can throw a little light on the subjects
discussed— if one can call assertions and counter-assertions
discussions — and stop the " scrap."

I have forgotten who began it, but I think it was Dr.
Gallup's article on "umbilical cords." Granting that, I
will try first to show the Doctor wherein he is wrong, and
■where he has been taking eff'ect for cause.

I suppose the Doctor is familar with the metamorphosis
of insects, but for the benefit of those who may not be I will
state that no such thing as an umbilical cord is known to
exist in the insect world. The larval bee during its growth
casts its skin several times, and not only its skin but the
lining of the alimentary canal. It will be seen from this
that any umbilical cord connecting the larva with the food
or cell would be cast off on the first moult. Besides this,
there is no need for any such 'cord" for assisting the
nourishment of the larva, for not only does it take food
with its mouth but it likewise absorbs it through that por-
tion of the skin lying in the food. After the cell is sealed
the larva spins its cocoon, the silk coming from an opening
in the lower lip. When the spinning is complete the larva
casts its skin for the last time, and it is this last casi with
its silken attachments which the venerable Doctor has mis-
taken for an umbilical cord. It has nothing, and can have
nothing, to do with the nourishment of the larva.

I am sorry to take this prop from the Doctor, and I fear
it will embarrass some gentlemen who have been claiming
it as a great virtue of their queens.

The Doctor quotes from Prof. Cook in support of his
contention, that the best queens are reared in strong colo-
nies, but neither the Doctor nor the Professor tells us ivhy.
To be sure, the Professor does say : " As the quantity and
quality of the food and the general activity of the bees are
directly connected with the full nourishment of the queeu-
larvaj, and these only at the maximum in times of active
gathering—Xhe time when queen-rearing is naturally started
— we should also conclude that queens reared at such sea-
sons are superior." (My italics). Dr. Gallup says that only
in big colonies can good queens be reared, and only in such
colonies are cells containing the "umbilical cord" pro-
duced. Dr. Gallup's description of a big colony conveys
the idea of a viinimiiin of 20 Langstroth frames (or the
equivalent) covered with bees. Now, Mr. Doolittle, whose
queen-rearing colonies at a maximum are equal to but a
half of what the Doctor considers safe, says all his queen-
cells show the " cord." Surely there is a "missing link"

hereabouts. But never mind, for it is not the size of the
colony that tells the story, nor the " general activity of the
bees," to which we must look for an answer to the riddle,
but the constitution of the colony, and it is just here where
the Doctor's naturally big colonies win.

The feeding of all larva; is, under normal conditions,
attended to by the young bees, and a big (naturally big)
colony has an abundance of these. Now if we are to talk of
rearing a lot of queen-cells under the supersedure or swarm-
ing impluse, simultaneously with care of the worker and
drone brood, such a colony will and can do it perfectly. But
to assume that such a colony without any brood to care for,
is necessary to the production of 10, 20 or 100 cells, is an
absurdity. The Doctor has so mixed his subjects that I am
unable to decide whether he is talking of rearing queens
commercially by his plan, or simply of the ordinary succes-
sion of queens in swarming.

Mr. Alley was writing of commercial queen-rearing, and
as I have several times visited his apiary in the height of
his queen-rearing season, use his system myself, have tried
all known plans, and know the laws governing successful
queen-production, and that Mr. Alley's system conforms to
those laws, and that I neither rear queens for sale nor am
under any obligation to Mr. Alley (though I believe he has
given me two queens), I believe I am in a position to make
an impartial statement of his side of the case. The " laws "
governing the production of queens I have given in a pre-
vious article, so in this place I will only try to show why a
few bees of proper age are sufficient for " growing " ^pro-
portionate number of cells.

From experiments, which as yet are by no means con-
clusive or exhaustive enough to warrant positive state-
ments, I believe that one bee (nurse-bee) can and does sup-
ply food for several worker-larva:. Now is it " away off "
to believe that a pint of nurse-bees (1600, Root's figures) can
properly and successfully rear one queen and at the same
time feed two or three hundred worker-larva;? These are
the conditions under which Mr. Alley's nuclei rear queens
when he fails to give them queens. Queens thus reared I
have seen at the head of just such colonies as Dr. Gallup
describes. But Mr. Alley does not depend on his little
nuclei for rearing his queens ; it is only by chance that now
and then one has the opportunity to rear a queen. He starts
his cells in " full colonies," so far as bees, honey and pollen
are concerned, but destitute of brood except for the prepared
strips for queen-cells. For cell-building colonies he selects
those particularly strong in young bees, and he goes even
farther. After the cells are well under way he takes them
from the starting colony and gives them to a colony having
lots of hatching brood as well as unsealed larva; — one from
which the queen was removed twelve hours previously. By
this method he gets his cells superabundantly stocked with
food, and the resulting queens attest the value of the system.

To revert to the quotation from Prof. Cook. He lays
stress on the conditions of honey-flow, weather, populous-
ness of colony, etc., saying that the best queens can be
reared then. Certainly, because nurse-bees are then very
numerous. Many bee-keepers grasping the conditions only
so far as stated by Prof. Cook, have assumed that feeding
the cell-building colony will accomplish the desired end.
They have entirely missed the point. The feeding must be
done in time to cause the rearing of a lot of young bees, and
these are to do the work.

A word in regard to nuclei and I will close : First their
size must be governed by temperature ; that is, locality and
season of the year. Mr. Pratt succeeds with very small
ones ; Mr. Alley who is close to the coast has them twice
the size of Mr. Pratt ; and a friend nearer the Canadian
line uses them a half larger than Mr. Alley's.

These diminutive colonies must be regularly fed if their
success is to be ensured. For this Mr. Alley uses sugar
syrup. Honey must never be used. If a nucleus becomes
too populous he exchanges a frame of brood and bees for an
empty frame, the removed frame going into one of the stock
colonies he uses for making nuclei. Sometimes he accom-
plishes the same thing by moving the nucleus to another
spot, being careful not to do this when it is likely to cause
the loss of a virgin queen.

If the bee-keeper will take the trouble to learn exactly
what Mr. Alley's nucleus system is — its simplicity, its
cheapness and its mobility — they will adopt it, only varying
the number of combs in the nuclei to fit their climatic condi-
tions.

If all hands will stop mud-throwing and turn to and look
for the luhy of things, the apicultural press will be more in-
. teresting than ever before, and bee-keeping will fairly jump
forward. Providence Co., R. I.

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

2il

Why Feed Bees Sparingly and Often ?

BY C. P. DADANT.

A FEW letters of enquiry received by me since the publi-
cation of the article about spring care of bees, on pnt^e
149, have shown me that some of the beginners do not
understand the reason v^hy the bees should be fed spariii^^ly
and often, to stimulate spring- breeding. This is an impor-
tant matter, and I believe it should be elucidated as fully as
necessary.

When the bees are not harvesting anything in the fields,
they are comparatively quiet. The breeding takes place,
as the warm days come, but is not pushed with much vigor
until the blossoms begin to appear and a little nectar is
found. Whenever they begin to find nectar, there is more
stir in the hive. The bees that come home from the field,
instead of depositing it in the cells, often hand their load to
the young bees, so as to be able to get off to the field again.
Thus a number of bees are carrying about. Whenever one
of them meets the queen, she respectfully and deferentially
holds her proboscis towards her and offers her a taste. Be-
ing oftener solicited to eat, the queen consumes more honey,
and her eggs are matured more rapidly. So, during a honey-
flow, no matter how light it be, the queen's breeding in-
creases until the fatigue of a protracted laying puts an end
to her prolificness.

The doings that I have just mentioned may be witnessed
daily in an obervation hive, made of one single comb, with
glass on both sides. Such a hive is very useful to learn the
habits of bees. You may read of such things in books or in
the journals, but they do not impress themselves upon your
mind when you read of them as they will if you are an eye-
witness to the details of the hive-life. With such a hive,
you have a source of endless information and amusement.
You can see the actions of the bees when returning from
the fields, the nursing of the young, thelayingof thequeen,
the respectful care which the bees take of her, their sorrow
when she is taken away, their labor to replace her, the rear-
ing and hatching of both bees and queens, etc. An obser-
vation hive ought to be kept at least for a portion of the
year, by every one who is desirous of becoming fully in-
formed as to the habits of the bees.

If the bees are fed sparingly and often, there is a con-
stant carrying about of nectar, the queen is offered food
often, the bees are stirred up and create more heat than if
quiet, and the result is a greater amount of brood produced.
If the feed is given in large quantities, all at one time, for
the entire season and to enable them to reach the honey
crop in safety, it will, of course, have a good effect, but will
not be so advantageous as the same amount given at differ-
rent times. The bees will store it away to use as is needed,
but, a few days after feeding, they will be back again to a
quiet condition, unless the flowers are appearing. To be
sure, if there were flowers yielding honey, I should not
think of advising any one to do any feeding. We are only
speaking of the days, unluckily too numerous, in early
spring, when the bees can find nothing, or next to nothing,
in the field. With repeated light feeding, the colony is kept
in a stimulated condition, the amount of food consumed will
be greater than if the nourishment is given all at one time,
but the number of eggs laid will be much greater, and the
colony will be strong earlier.

It is not all to have plenty of bees in your hives, you
must have them at the right time. If a colony remains
weak till the opening of the crop has begun, unless this
crop is to be protracted six weeks or more, for it takes 21
days on the average for the worker-bee to hatch, and after
that about 10 days more before she becomes an active field-
worker ; so it is in March and April that we must induce
our bees to breed. The March bees strengthen the colony
and enable it to rear the April brood on a larger scale, and
the latter is in the field just about the time of the opening
of the harvest.

The colonies which were fed sufiiciently and properly,
sparingly and often, during the spring months, are sure to
make the good colonies for the harvest, unless their queen
lacks in prolificness. Let me cite you an instance of invol-
untary feeding which will show the help that light and con-
stant feeding gives to a colony.

At the end of the winter in 1902, we had a few hives in
which the bees had died, though their supply of honey had
been ample. I5ach of these hives contained several combs
heavy with honey. They were cleaned up and closed up,
awaiting the proper time to re-stock them with bees. They
were very old hives, had been manufactured by us in 1S70,
and had been in constant use since that time. One of the

hives had a very small hole on llie underside, in its bottom-
board, a hole so small thst only one bee could get through it
at one time, and th-s even witii some difficulty. This small
hole was discovered by the bees of one of the colonies in the
yard and they immediately went to work to appropriate the
spoils. We had noticed the bees flying about, a few at a
time, but a cursory examination had failed to reveal any
trouble, so nothing was done to interfere with them. The
robbing of that honey extended over the space of at least
two weeks, by the bees of just one hive. It changed the
condition of that colony so much that it seemed to have
doubled its strength within a month or so, and its crop was
about double that of the next best hive in the yard. It had
bred its bees at the right time. The robbing of the combs
had extended over this long period of time, just because it
was impossible for the bees to get through the hole any
faster, even their own eagerness being an impediment to
their progress, as two or three bees would often try to get
in at the same time and interfere with one another's speed.

This is a good instance of the good done by feeding
sparingly and often. I would, however, not recommend a
voluntary following of a similar course. The bees that be-
come accustomed to this robbing in the open air soon be-
come a nuisance, while the bees that are fed at home in the
evening are never led into bad practices unless pilfering
chances are opened to them.

It is hardly necessary to repeat what I said before, that
feeding should be done with judgment. A colony heavy with
honey should not be fed, as it may accumulate too much. A
good way to stimulate such a colony is to uncap a few cells
of its sealed honey from time to time. The doing of this
forces them to handle their honey, and acts in a similar way
to feeding. On the other hand, a very weak colony that has
but a few handfuls of bees requires but a very scanty feed.
Too much will cause its ruin, for it will be unable to take
care of it, and the robber-bees from stronger colonies will
attack and may overpower this one. The apiarist must
examine his colonies often, judge of their strength and
their needs, and use care and discernment as to the amount
and frequency of feeding to be done.

Hancock Co., 111.

I Association Notes. |

Good Advice to Bee-Keepers.

There are many keeping bees in the suburbs of cities,
and whose bees are an annoyance to neighbors.

SPOTTING CLOTHES.

This is generally worse the day bees are set out on the
summer stands. Bees go only short distances at that date.
It is best not to set the bees out on washdays, but the day
following ; by the next week the trouble will be over. If
they must be set out, and it is wash-day, go to the neighbor
who is washing, explain the situation, and offer a present
of some honey if she will delay washing one day.
AT W.4.TERING-PI,ACES.

Always provide abundance of water in several places
for bees. Shallow wooden dishes with sloping sides, with
a slatted-board float, is a good form of watering dish.
Somewhere have some salt, also air-slacked lime where
bees can go to. There is something about it bees like, and
it will save trouble to supply the bees' demands. If your
bees bother a neighbor's pump, go and put a piece of cheese-
cloth over the spout and fence the bees out as well as fur-
nishing a strainer for the water. Stock tanks are places of
annoyance. Just above the water line on the inside of the
tank fasten a 3-inch strip, it will not bother the stock, and
will keep the bees from going there. Also see to it that the
overflow is so arranged as not to make a mud-hole near the
tank.

IN THE neighbor's GARDEN OR FIELD.

If your neighbor or his horse are stung by your bees in
his garden or field, I find it a good plan to donate some
honey, at the same time ask him to do such work on cool
days or early mornings. If he is unable to keep the gar-
den clean, then some early morning surprise him by taking

232

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURINAL.

April 9, 1903.

your own horse and cultivate for him up to breakfast.
Generally one such act will establish such g-ood feelings no
farther trouble will arise. I have proven it so.

AT GROCERY STORES .\ND RESIDENCES IN THE FAI,L.

After the honey season often bees are a great annoy-
ance at the above places, especially in empty sugar and
syrup barrels, and candy shops. Go to those places and ask
to place the packages where bees can not get to them. Go
to sugar-cane mills and keep the premises cleaned up, and
to neighbors' kitchens where bees come in and bother while
canning fruit, and ask them to keep the door and windows
screened while at such work. Bees do not go where no
sweets abound.

IN THE HIGHWAY AND PUBLIC PLACES.

If people or teams are stung in such public places by
your bees, it is your duty so to locate the bees, or change
the surroundings, that they do not disturb the public. If
damage to person, stock or property is done by the bees,
the owner is liable for damages; and if it continues may
become a nuisance. High board fences, or high hedges are
a great help. Even with all possible precaution if bees are
near the street the bees at times will bother. Keep out of
trouble if possible. Don't get the idea that the National
Association can win every case. You must keep within the
law if you want protection. 'Avoid conflicts, compromise,
and live up to the Golden Rule. N. E. France,

General Manager National Bee-Keepers' Association.

\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters \

Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, 111.
Spring- Stimulative Feeding— Gnawed Cappings.

1. What is the best time to -begin feeding bees in the
spring to start them to brood-rearing ? Is the middle of
March too early ?

2. What is the dark brown substance, similar to saw-
dust, found on the bottom of the hives ? Is it the excre-
ments of the bees ? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. If the weather was such that the bees
could fly every day, and there was nothing for them to
gather, then it might be a good thing to feed to stimulate
brood-rearing, ho matter how early it might be. But such
a condition does not occur very often, and it may be well,
unless one has had a good deal of experience with bees, to
let stimulative feeding alone, for it is a two-edged sword
that may do more harm than good.

2. Mainly the cappings of combs that the bees have
gnawed away during the winter in getting at the honey in
sealed combs. Some say that there are also some excre-
ments of the bees mixed with it.

Using Partly-Filled Sections— Hiving Swarms-
Shaken Swarms.

1. I desire to use sections again which were placed on
the hives last year and not filled out. They are some
mussed. Should they be all scraped off nicely, or just set
out again as they are ?

2. What do you consider the best way to hive a swarm
of bees, in a 10-frame hive with all old combs ?

3. Can old combs be satisfactorily used with shaken
swarms ? If so, what is the -modus operandi ?

4. If starters are always used with shaken swarms, will
not the old combs accumulate for the moths to regale them-
selves in ? L. S. R.

Ashtabula Co., Ohio.

Answers. — 1. If the bees have never put any honey in
them, or if they were all nicely emptied out by the bees last
fall, put them on just as they are. If they were not emptied
by the bees last fall, and contain honey, don't use them at
all, for almost surely some of the honey left over winter will
have granulated, and the smallest amount of granulated
honey left in the cells will afifect the honey put into them.

2. I don't know of anything different from hiving a
swarm on full sheets of foundation or frames with starters.
Perhaps you had something else in mind ; if so, ask again,
and I will try to answer.

3. Yes, some prefer old combs to anything else. Re-
move from its stand tile hive to be operated upon, and put
in its place the hive with empty combs. Then taking one
by one the combs from the removed hive, shake and brush
the bees into the new hive, just as you would if foundation
were used.

4. If starters are always used there certainly would be
an accumulation of drawn combs, but it would not be nec-
essary to turn them over to the tender mercies of the moths,
for they would be melted up — but I should use them.

Hiving a Swarm from a Tree.

Would some of the bee-keeping ladies tell us what they
do in case a swarm of bees clusters in a tree out of reach
with a pole ? Wisconsin.

Answer. — I would keep the wings of the queens clipped
so that when my bees clustered in a tree out of reach of a
pole, I would pick up my queen and cage her, put her at the
entrance of the hive, and go on with my work serenely ob-
livious to the fact that those bees were in the top of the
tallest tree they could find. They might come back at their
leisure.

That is, I should generally do that way. Occasionally
it will happen that a swarm will come out with a virgin
queen, in which case I should take a saw, climb that tree,
saw off the limb, and bring them down, if I could reach
them. If they were away out of reach on an overhanging
branch, out of all possible reach by climbing, and out of
reach of a pole — well, it is a big nuisance, but I will tell
you what we did do once with just such a swarm. We
nailed two long, light poles together, drove a spike in the
end of one, and over this spike we placed a long rope,
with a stone securely tied in the end ; with a good deal of
trouble we succeeded in pushing the stone over the limb and
down came the stone bringing the rope with it, and we
were masters of the situation. We put the hive on the
ground under the limb, taking hold of both ends of the rope
gave it a lively jerk, and down came the swarm squarely in
front of the hive. Part of them made a bee-line for the
hive, and part persisted in going back to that limb, and we
had to keep up a lively jerking on that rope to prevent quite
a cluster from returning to the tree, but we finally got the
swarm.

I often think such a swarm costs more than it is worth
to get it. I am sure I should hate to be obliged to climb
after them all.

Any good stone-thrower might tie a stone to the end of
a ball of wrapping-twine and throw it over the limb, then
tie the rope to the wrapping-twine and pull it over.

Perhaps some of the other sisters will tell us how
they do.

The Afterthought. %

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. B. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

BEE-FLIGHTS IN WINTER.

It's a better showing than we can often make — but not
such a great deal better — that Washin§:ton puts up on page
110 — two flights in November, none in December, two in
January, two in February. We don't usually have it quite
as damp as they do (which counts for something), and my
bees last winter flew, once in November (three successive
days),, not at all in December, once in January, twice in Feb-
ruary. But then, my worst winter would show no flights at
all, and probably their worst would still have some.

MOVING BEES K SHORT DISTANCE.

I think E. F. Atwater, page 116, has a good idea. When
you move a hive a short distance it is better than the regula-
tion board set up in front to make every bee that comes out
dig out through a mess of grass. Can't help knowing that
there has been a change then.

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

233

BXTKA COMBS I'OR WINTKK.

It would be handy when one has extra combs of honey,
and bees to go in the cellar that have not honey ctioug-h, to
put on an upper story containing a heavy comb or two and
some empty ones. We have one good witness to the impor-
tant matter that they fail to find the honey and go up. P. H.
Davis, page 111.

BEES CARRYIXG DOWN HONEY IN THE FALL.

"Nothing succeeds like success." Mrs. Griffith, not
minding her 79 years, has succeeded so far in making her
bees carry down honey in the fall — has succeeded both with
sections and with light combs. Page 120.

LONGEVITY OF DIFFERENT RACES OF BEES.

Some experiment-station work on the longevity of dif-
ferent races of bees is much to be desired. Glad the Texas
station has an eye on so important a problem. Hope they
wi-11 not forget to compare inside the same race, the meanest
bees they can get with the best ones they can get. We need
proof that poor bees are shorter-lived than others. Page
131.

CARNIOLAN-ITALIAN HYBRID BEES.

As to the Carniolan-Italian hybrid, J. E. Chambers
seems to make an enthusiastic report — begin storing sur-
plus when the pure Italians have only got to breeding
fairly. This is Texas, we must remember. And as to
whether giving our bees a dash of Carniolan blood may not
make still worse our present worst evil — uncontrolled
swarming — as to that, he is not able to re-assure us much —
except he himself has got through two seasons without any
serious trouble.

Finding bees over three miles from home by thousands,
and that, too, when no dearth prevailed, is a valuable ob-
servation. Only in the unusual case when one has bees un-
like all surrounding bees is it easy to tell exactly how far
bees go. Page 142.

WISCONSIN BEE-KEEPERS THAT HELPED.

So 180 bee-keepers out of 600 would help Mr. France in
his move on the legislature — to the small extent of answer-
ing his letter. Glad to hear that with some poking up they
afterward did much better than that. Page 149.

BEES UNDER GLASS IN APRIL.

Yes, Mr. Dadant, bees with royal abundance of pollen
and honey already in the hive, and put under glass in April,
ought to boom, and do extra-big things, as yours did. And
it is a wise suggestion of yours that glass over the bees
won't make the forage outside any more abundant. If they
are to depend on that alone, while having very scant store
within, 'twould hardly be worth while to "greenhouse " 'em
at all. Page 149.

CAUSE OF SWARMING — REARING QUEENS.

Stachelhausen is one whose opinion we respect ; and he
thinks swarming is caused by a multitude of young nurses
having prepared food in their stomachs and no young brood
to feed it to. That's the dominant idea, I guess. Perhaps
we shall have to expand it so as to take in as helpers in
lesser degree all the other discontents of prosperity. We
can note as a curiosity that the nurses don't get what they
are after, if that's what they swarm for. A number of days
must pass before there will be any young brood to feed in
the new homes.

Sagacious remark. A queenless colony will rear some
sort of a queen even if the conditions are very bad ; but bees
over an excluder, where a good queen is below, unless the
conditions are somewhere near right they ziii// tio/reur ; and
this fact is some protection against worthless queens by
that method. Page ISO.

Honey as a ' Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3 '2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts,; 25
for20cts.; SO for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for SS. 00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom. of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

iMt,je,.MS,ja,je,je,js,je,ja^ia.je,js,ji,.

Questions and Answers.

->!rwT#'*eTr>r>fT^

CONDUCTED BY

DR. C. O. Atll^KBR, Marengo, m,

[The Qnestions maj be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail. — Editor.]

Entrance-Guards and Swarmlns;.

I have been thinking about be* entrance-fjuards to keep my bees
from swarming. If I have a guanl on a hive and the bees are swarm-
ing, and the queen can not get out, how many times will they swarm
and go back into the hive before they go to the woodsf or won't they
go to the woods at all '. What will become of the queen '.

Missouri.

Answer. — Bees don't always act alike, but the general rule would
be something like this: When the first queen-cell is sealed the bees
will swarm out, and no queen being with them they will return, for a
swarm will not go to the woods unless a queen is with them. A day
or two later they will swarm again, and the swarming may be repealed
several times in the next week or ten days. At the end of thai time
the first virgin queen will leave her cell, and the old queen will turn
up missing, being put out of business either by the workers or the
young queen. If the entrance-guard keeps the young queen from
taking her wedding-flight, she may, after a time, begin laying, but her
eggs will produce nothing but drones.

Shallow Extractlng-Prames.

1. Do shallow extracting-frames need wiring*

3. Is it best to use foundation in shallow extracting brood-frames,
if so, how wide a strip J Ohio.

Answek, — 1, Yes, if filled with foundation, unless the foundation
is heavy,

2. If used for brood-rearing it is better to have them filled with
foundation. If only for extracting a starter half an inch deep may
do, the chief purpose being to get the combs started straight in the
middle of the frame,

■*-*-^

Break-Joint Honey-Board— Paint for Hives.

1. What is meant by break-joint honey-board;

3. I would like to know whether any one has ever painted hives
with Avenarius Carbolineum instead of white paint' If so, did the
bees accept it r They say mice will not gnaw, or the ants bother,
hives painted with il,

3, How does the new Danzenbaker bottom-board and cover strike
you ; And how do those that have used them like them? Iowa,

Answers,—!, A break-joint honey-board is one made with slats
like a wood-zinc excluder with the zinc left out. Instead of having
the spaces between the slats correspond with the spaces between the
brood-frames, the spaces between the slats are directly over the cen-
ters of the top-bars, and that makes it called "break-joint," It has
been claimed that with this break-joint feature there were special
advantages of importance, but in my own experience I found no such
advantage. With thick top-bars and proper spacing I now dispense
with honey-boards altogether,

2. I can say nothing about this from personal experience; per-
haps others can,

3. The Danz, bottom-board, patterned after the Miller bottom-
board, is good. The new Danz. cover is ingenious, and the reversing
feature is° of value. If, upon trial, it proves never to warp or sep-
arate at the joints, it ought to be a material improvement over former
plain board covers, _

Transferring Bees— Combs a Solid Mass— Good Bee-
Country.

1. I am just starting in the bee-business out here in westeru
Washington, I have 8 colonies, transferred them from box-hives
or took them from trees, all except one colony, but did not get any in-
crease from the 8 colonies. What was the reason ?

2. In putting them into Langhtroth-Simplicity hives, I tied them
with strings, as recommended in '■ A B C of Bee Culture," That is
where I made the mistake, as the bees cut the strings, and now the 8
frames are one solid mass of combs, What shall I do with lhem< I
would like to have them in such a shape that I can manipulate them,
I have been thinking some of letting them alone until next fall, thea
put them on straight combs in new hives. How would that do «

3 This seems to be a good country for wild bees. Is that an in-
dication of its being a good bee-country? Last year I went out into
an old logging work, and found three bee-trees in less than three
hours I found nine trees in tour days. I consider that good work
for a novice at bee-hunting. We had a lovely month of February, and
my bees gathered pollen for two weeks, off of what some people oa

234

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9. 1903.

pussy-willow. It seems to furnish a large amount of pollen for early
spring brood. But, March, oh ! she is unruly, (or snow is 10 inches
deep in the woods, so I took snow by the forelock and killed three deer
on it.

I like the " old reliable " American Bee Journal, but some of the
veterans seem to be in conflict in their ideas, perhaps on account of
locality. Washington.

Answers. — 1. The lack of increase might come from more than
one cause. It might be too poor a season for swarming, it might be
that the transferring was too late, or it might be just possible that
your bees are little given to swarming.

2. You will do as well not to wait till fall. Perhaps as good a
plan as any is to wait till three weeks after the colony swarms. After
that time the worker-brood will be all hatched out, and you can either
transfer combs or melt them up.

'S. Yes, wild bees are the same as tame bees, and if one does well
the other will.

You don't need to send a stamp when you send a question.

Rape as a Honey-Plant.

Israpemuch of a honey-plant* Would it be of any use it sown in
grain? It is sown in grain to be used for pasture during the fall, and
I have understood that the bees work on it. I will seed down some
this spring to alsike clover. How would it do to sow rape with it J
and how much to the acre ?

One of my neighbor bee-keepers, Martin Anderson, had the mis-
fortune to have his bees nearly all drowned while In the cellar.

Minnesota.

Answer. — I have never heard much about it in this country, but
in Germany rape is highly prized as a honey-plant, and sometimes bees
are hauled some distance to be in reach of rape-flelds. I doubt the
the advisability of sowing with grain, but have no positive knowledge
about it, and perhaps some one else may say if I am wrong.

Moving and Purchasing Bees— Transferring— Danzen-
baker Hives— Sweet Clover.

1. I have bought a few colonies of bees in box-hives. When is the
best time to take them homei

2. In purchasing bees, if you had your choice of 30 colonies in
box-hives at $3.00 per colony, how would you proceed to select them ?

3. I propose to transfer them to movable-frame hives. When is
the best time to do this?

4. Would you advise using full sheets of foundation?

5. Our climate is rather changeable. How do you think the Dan-
zenbaker hive would work by using 2 brood-nests one above the other,
and keep the colonies strong? How would it work to slip a super be-
tween them when about to swarm?

6. Would you advise the use of Danzenbaker, or some other hive?

7. How is the foundation fastened to the Danzenbaker frames * Is
it fastened the same as the Hoffman frames?

8. How do you think sweet clover will do here in central Wiscon-
sin? Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. You can take them home at any time now. Better
now than later when the frames are full of brood and honey.

2. Select those that seem to be the strongest in bees, and not too
light in honey, judging of the former by tipping the hives, and of the
latter by hefting them. In addition to this, if you can have those that
cast swarms last year you will be sure of young queens.

3. In fruit-bloom is a good time, although it is perhaps still better
to transfer three weeks after swarming.

4. Yes.

5. The two brood-chambers would be all right if intelligently used,
but it is doubtful about the supers between.

6. I should perfer the dovetailed; others might prefer the Danzen-
baker.

7. Yes.

8. Finely.

♦-•-»

Mating of Queens and Drones-Rearing Queens.

I have several books on bee-culture, but none of them strikes the
principal point— they do not point out the way to mate Italian queens
to Italian drones in an apiary of blacks or other bees. I am sending
to .Italy for two queens, one to breed drones, the other queens; al-
though they should be from different sources. 1 may say I have been
looking lor a discussion of this question in the American Bee Journal,
but it has not turned up. I have 17 colonies and the larv;v> will be
transferred to artilicial cups and cells placed in a Doolittle nursery.

1. Please say how queen -breeders mate queens purely while bees
of other " nationalities " are present?

3. Can this be done without entrance-guards, as I have none?

3. (Jueens are to be hatched in Doolittle nursery-cages, introduced
to nucleus 3-frame hives.

4. Please give me the exact diameter across top of wax-cup pegs,
on which the cups are to be cast. I can make them, and they look
beautiful, but I fear mine is a little too large.

5. Please tell me whether burlap is what we call " American oil-
doth?" England.

Answers.— 1. They don't; at least not always. For if it is desired
to keep a certain kind pure, they do not have any other kind in the

apiary. But something may be done toward getting what you want
in this way: '

Put in the cellar the hives containing the drones and the yOung
queens. After it is too late in the day tor other drones to fly, take out
the cellared hives, and incite them to fly by feeding. You may be a
little more sure of this if the cellaring has continued two or three
days. You may also succeed by taking them out in the morning, so
as to get them to fly before other drones are out.

2. For the foregoing no entrance-guards are needed.

3. The nucleus hives will be all the more convenient to carry in
and out of the cellar, and perhaps you could have in these your drones
as well as queens.

4. The numbers 3, 4, 5 will help you to remember the diameters of
the different kinds of cells: 3 queen-cells to the inch, 4 drone-cells,
and 5 worker-cells. But I doubt it is so important to have the queen-
cells of exact size as it is drone or worker.

5. No, they are utterly different, American oil-cloth or enameled
cloth being impervious to water or air. and burlap being very open.
Perhaps you call burlap " gunny sacking." It is a coarse stuff made
of jute, flax, or manila, and is used for very coarse bags, for wrapping
around furniture to be shipped, etc.

Success to you in your far-away English home.

Alsike Clover— Shade-Trees.

1. Does alsike clover produce honey the first season after seeding!
and does it continue alike each year?

3. Would you advise shade-trees for bees as far north as this?

3. Which is the best honey-producer, alsike clover or alfalfa?

Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. I t/iink it yields little or no honey the same year it
starts from the seed, and does not live beyond the second year. If
wrong, I shall be glad to be corrected.

3. As far north as W^isconsin bees will probably not be injured by
the shade of trees, and possibly they are the better for it. However
it may be for the bees, I should like it for the benefit of the bee-keeper.

3. That depends upon what place you are talking about. In some
parts of the West alfalfa leads, but in Wisconsin an acre of alsike
will probably yield more honey than a hundred of alfalfa.

Honey in Unfinished Sections Not Granulated.

I have seen quite a lot lately in the Bee Journal about the honey
in unfinished sections candying, and as I have on hand about 150 of
them, that I intended feeding to my bees this spring, I took a look at
them to-day, expecting to find them all candied, but such was not the
case. The honey is just as clear as when I put them away, so I guess
the bees will have no trouble to clean them out this spring, as soon as
the weather is warm enough so I can give it to them.

Now this seems strange, in the light of the experience of others,
and I cannot account for it unless the place where the sections are
kept has something to do with it. I keep them as I do my comb
honey, in a hall in the second story of my dwelling-house, where the
heat from the lower rooms goes ijp the stairway and keeps them warm.
Is there anything unusual in this? Nebraska.

Answer.— Very unusual, and not unusual at all. It is unusual
for honey to be kept in so good a place, but not unusual for it to stay
clear when kept in a hot enough place.

Cleome and Other Honey-Plants.

What about artificial pasturage for bees! Is Cleome pungens
worth cultivating for the honey alone? Is the honey of good quality?
Is it light or dark, and how does it compare with white clover honey?
Please give the names of other plants that are good tor artificial pas-
ture in this locality and vicinity!

I would be pleased to know it there are works on the above sub-
jects. I have a couple of acres to devote to artificial pasture just for
the honey if it is probable that success might come of it in any way.

I am a beginner and will say that last spring I purchased eight
colonies of pure, or nearly pure, Italians; the first thing I did was to
lose four of my old queens, but with the four other queens and the
other four queehless colonies I succeeded in rearing 31, and all are in
good shape now — all that I have opened except one have lots of brood
in all stages. One hive has about six Langstroth frames, and the
others have two to three frames, of eggs and larv;v. We have consid-
erable white clover and sweet clover in this neighborhood. We have
quite a bit of marsh-pasture, and some of the yellow fiowers (coreop-
sis), making a good early spring and late fall pasture, especially the
yellow for fall. We also raise buckwheat here. Wisconsin.

Answer. — Cleome pungens is not worth cultivating for honey
alone. I do not remember to have seen any statement as to the char-
acter of its honey, and I don't know whether any one ever secured
enough of it to tell just what it was like.

There is probably no work published that treats particularly on
honey-plants, although the text-books on bee-culture give some in-
formation regarding them. It is not likely that you will find any
plant that will yield sufficient honey to make it profitable for you to
occupy land with it unless it yields a profit in some other way. Sweet
clover will probably come as near it as anythiugyou can find. If
stock in your locality have learned to eat sweet clover either green or
dry, it will pay to occupy good land with it.

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

235

^ Wliat Yon Yonson Tliinks t

It seems kine of funny how da shook svarm-
ins fever spred so fast. It vas yiist few eases
till las' summer it broke out plenty bad, an
before da leavs tall purdneer every bee-
keeper had tiioh of it; an Slim ^ot it plenty
bad. Ay tank mebby nex' summer dom goan
to shake der bees so dom kant rest. Now, for
da big: bee-keepers ay tank it vas all rite, but
for little bee-keepers lak Yon Yonson ay tank
it is better to sow som catnip an sveet clover
and plant more rossbers. An den pat dom
bees on da back an tell dom to eider fish or
cut bait. But not shake dom any more dan
nessesary. Ay don't vont to shake dom, or
brlish dom, or kick dom aroun ven dom iss
good.

Som say it is better to drive dom two times,
so purty soon ven dom big bee-keepers vont
help, dom vil advertise fur feller to help drive
da bees. Now, Y'on Yonson don't need help
to drive da bees to svarm, but mebby nex'
summer he goan to need feller to drive da red
clover bees to da clover held, an hurd dom so
dom don't git to da catnip. Ay tank dat
goan to be plenty hard yolj, coz dom is yust
60 crasy fur catnip som anyting vat never vas.
My goodness, vy for dom bees svarm tor any
vay 3

It ve know fur shure den ay tank its better
ve don't let dom svariu a tall, but let dom
yust roll in der hunny.

Now, ay goan to tell you vy for dom bees
svarm. In da spring ven dom little bees be-
gin to mak hunny, an dom little grasshoppers
begin to mak grass, an dom butterflies begin
to mak butter, den da nites is kine of cool,
and dom bees don't lak to sleep upstairs, an
dom begin to pack avay hunny in da top of
da brood-frames, an ven dom git it capped
over dom don't lak to go upstairs an vork, so
dom keep on crowding der quveens furder
down, an purty soon der quveens he git mad,
an he call der house to order, an dom hole big
meetings. Da young bees vat is use to have
play spells, dom lak to have plenty big time,
an dom mak moshun to svarm, den da drones
vot hang aroun' an don't vork but alvays lak
to ete at da first taole, dom secon' da moshun,
an ven dom vote da drones holler " Eye " so
loud dat da moshun is carried. An dom git
reddy to svarm. But if dom hole meeting in
evening den da old bees is home, an dom vote
*' No." an den dom send da drones upstairs
to bed, outen any supper. An den purty soon
dom go to vork an pack avay hunny in da
upstairs.

Now. if you don't give dom nu£E room den
dom crowd der quveens, an da quveens he git
mad an dom svarm; but if you give dom up-
stairs too big, den it is apt to be too cold, an
dom don't vas like it, an yust croud der
quveens an svarm yust der same; but if you
vil yust put on shallow extracting combs, and
den ven dom begin to vork in deni, den give
dom room yust so faster as dom need it, but
if dom begin to croud der quveens den yust
uncap der hunny in da downstairs an smoke
der bees so dom tak on plenty hunny, an den

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It should be scattered in all waste-
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Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
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You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
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CINCINNATI, OHIO.

|\» 1 i ? W J i-* I This foundation is made by a process that pro-

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Catalog -ivutg FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

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236

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES

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standard Italian Queens

OF THE HIGHEST GRADE,

Bred in Separate yards from superior stock of
Golden and J^eather-colored Strains. Selected
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for bees and man. See our circular for the rest.

Queens sent out last season by us arrived in
the very best shape, except a lew got chilled
late in the season in the North. Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon, Canada, Colo-
rado, Cuba, New Mexico, and many of the
States. We rear all queens &ent out by us from
the t*gg or just-hatched larva; in full colonies.
Our method is up-to-daie. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of fine, large, prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a trial
order.

Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00; 12
for $0.00.

Tested, $2.00; Select, $3.00; Best, $5.00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.

3-frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman trames, no
Queen, $2.0(i; 2-frame, no Queen, $1.50. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.)

Special rates on Queens by the 100. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Shipping sea-
son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. H-A^LjIj,

ISAtf

, PiCKEXS Co., G^

OURPREECAILOGUE

Send postal for it at once. It Rives descrif
and prices of our full line of celebrated f
llk-kory Vehkles and llurness which wt
direct from our factory to users at ff
prices on 80 Days' Free TrliO. It tells
ahont this S|»MT f ' —

IIICKOKV U'1N\ER»
A job worth a half mc
Write at once. Addrasa

I OHIO CARRIAGE OFe. CO

r'lease mention iiee Jour

wneu writiuf

AN OPPORTUNITY.

Baned Plymouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee-Fixtures. Send for circular.
J. F. MICHAEL.

13.\4t R. (.. Winchester, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writinEc

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

Cow keepe

hai"

We

abusl

, Your

I large protiti. Ewy work. We fumiBh capital. Send
' 10 ceDtfl for fall lioe of eamptes and paitlcular^.

DKAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblugo, Ills.

Vlease mention Bee journal when ■writma

-' ilntb's Special the Best [

A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.

Regulation dovetail witli Ji Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

tW' See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES.

Front:& Walnut Sts., CINCINN ATI,'.OHIO.

iientioa Beeioomal -wnen "wrltii?.?:

Marnhfleld ManiifactiiriDg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPIvIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wlien wnting;

shut da hive and smoke da entrance so dom
go upstairs an unload, den dom soon mak
room for der quveens, an' der queens he yust
go on packen avay eegs for vinter, an der bees
carry deir hunny upstairs, an everyting yust
vork lak forty-seven, an dom don't even tank
'bout svarming.

An' if Dr. Miller vill yust try das plan to
iiiak dom tak da hunny from da downstairs
and put it in der shallow combs above, an so
on, he soon don't haf to run after da vilo-da-
vip of da non-svarming bees.

Mr. Baron Lie-plenty-bad, he got noder
plan. He pump der quveens full of high life,
an den he tie little string vat dom call Pupa-
skinna» Castofflc;e roun der quveens neck, so
he don't vas git avay, an den der quveens he
lay more as a million eegs per minit. But ay
hurd since dat it ain't so. Mr. Lie-plenty-bad
must be awful smart feller, but der quveens
got little too much hi life, so he scratch round
an vord hip feet out, an he hav to git cork
legs for him. Ay lak to git von of dom
(luveens. Yon Yonson.

\ FROM MANY FIELDS |

Feeding a Little Daily.

I am just a beginner in bee-keeping. I had
1.5 colonies last fall, and have lost 'i colonies
this winter. I am feeding the bees a little
every day, so as to get the hives full of bees
by the time the fruit-trees are in bloom.

.loHN M. Baker.

Wood Co., Ohio, March 'i'A.

Prospects Not Encouraging.

The prospect tor this season is only aver-
age, as we have had, up to this date, only half
enough rain to insure a crop.

John G. Cobby.

Ventura Co., Calif., March .5.

Cleaning Out Partly Filled Sections.

On page 130, Mr. Baldwin says that the
Bevins method of getting partly filled sections
cleaned out may be all right in theory, but is
not practical for two reasons :

1. If the colony is a little weak it is liable
to get chilled because too much cold air cir-
culates through the body of the colony.

This may be true of bees in Dupage Co.,
III., but it is not true of colonies of bees here,
unless colonies are so weak that it would not
be advisable to try to winter them. As a mat-
ter of fact, I do not feed weak colonies until I
liave united so as to have colonies of good
strength for wintering.

"2. He says that my method does not sep-
arate the bees and sections so but that the
bees can get at the sections at all times.

Well, I want the bees to have access to the
honey in the sections at all times. A thin
board, mortised as he describes, may be of
some advantage where the autumns are colder •
than they are here, but the burlap is all right
for this locality. I do not see that setting the
sections promiscuously on that board has any
advantage over my method of arranging
them. When sorting my honey in the tall I
place the unfinished sections back in the
super on the section-holders with wedged fol-
lower, and all separators removed. The sec-
tions with no sealed honey are speedily
cleaned out, and then these are removed,
leaving the others far enough apart for easy
manipulation. Whether a firmer chisel is
better than the uncapping knife, each one
must decide for himself. I prefer a clean,
smooth cut to any mangling performance. I
smiled, not quite audibly, when Mr. Baldwin
cited as evidence of the superiority of his
method, the fact that he has 400 or .500 sec-
tions ready for use next epring. I have more
than 1000 sections ready for use next season;
in fact, about 50 or 60 twenty-four section
supers full. r J CZZ^ r -i

I have no quarrel with Mr. Baldwin about
his method of getting his half-tilled sections

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

237

cleaued out, but write simply to show that
my method is practical.

Suramiug up the matter under discussion,
this is about the sizeof the ditTerenoe between
Mr. Baldwin's method and my own: He
would use a thin board, with a small hole in
one end of it, between the brood-chamber and
super, in order to prevent a too-free circula-
tion of air through the brood-charaoer. This,
I believe, to be unnecessary with colonies of
reasonable strength. If not of reasonable
strength, I would make them so.

I use a piece of burlap because it allows the
heat of the cluster to ascend into the super,
and work can go on there at all times, except
when the temperature is so low as to compel
the bees to cluster on the brood-combs. With
a tight-fitting cover on the super there is no
circulation of air that will do a fair-sized col-
o.ny any harm.

My aim is to have the work done as early in
the fall as possible. Edwin Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa, Feb. 27.

Season of 1902— Big Queens, Etc.

Last season was the most honeyless I have
known in ha yearsof bee-keeping. Rain, rain
was the order of the day the whole season.
The result was no surplus to speak of, and
colonies light in winter stores.

I am not going to say we expect a big crop
in 1903, for I have learned by experience that
a few big thunder-storms can knock the
poetry out of the brightest prospects of a
honey crop in double quick.

While writing for the ■' Old Reliable," I
want to propose three cheers for Dr. Gallup
and Baron Lieawful. Oh, now, Mr. Editor, I
feel so kind of good and happy over the dis-
covery of great minds. Just think of it, the
Doctor has discovered a law in the bee-world
that like the laws of the Medes and Persians
changeth not, and that law is, the larger the
hive the larger the queen reared therein ; the
larger the queen the larger the colony ; the
larger the colony the larger the crop of honey '.
Now, let us all strike in on that line and see
how soon we can get a queen as large as a
yearling heifer ! What boots it though we
have to build hives like our barn, 30x40 feet.

And then think of the Baron's wonderful
discovery, wrought out with such scientific
research and mathematical exactness as to
seconds of time, and the astonishing results
achieved. "O! brethren, the woi Id do move."
Let the Doctor give us the big queen, and the
Baron the great longevity and fertility, and
some other man start a blacksmith shop to
keep the queens shod and to splice their an-
tennie occasionally, and we can set up for bee-
keeping!

Some of the older bee-keepers may remem-
ber I spoke a few years ago, through the
American Bee Journal, of starting in haste
for London, England, to secure one of those
wonderful queensi that were called " Punic
bees." I am glad I didn't go. We've got
something better.

In conclusion, allow me to say to any
queen-breeder who wishes to try the " um-
ijilical cord," I will mail 30 or 30 free of
charge by enclosing stamp to pay postage.
W. J. Davis, 1st.
Warren Co., Pa., March .5.

Tennessee dueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long'-todgued
(Moore's), and Select, Straijfht
5-baad Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2"^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease, 3i» years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, 11.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

Cloth Over Fpames— Giving Bees a
Flight.

Last season was a very poor one for bees in
this locality. It was so wet and cold up to
July 1.5, and then we had some fair honey
weather. We got 25 or 30 pounds of surplus
honey per colony, and the bees gathered
plenty to winter on in the cellar. My bees
are wintering finely so far; the thermometer
has been down to zero for the past week, 4
degrees was the coldest here.

The coming season ought to be good for
bees here, as the white clover made good
growth the past season.

I notice some of the bee-keepers advocate
the use of cloth over the top of frames; they
are probably all right in a dry season. In
such a wet season as we had here I do not
think they amount to murli. I had them on
my colonies until the wet WL-athercame. when
1 pulled them off and put ou a ^.^-inch board

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

T F. BINQtlAM, Parwell. Mich.

PAGE FENCE BEING

acknowledged the Standard, why don't snrne com-
pany try to imitate its quality and serviceability?
I»AGK WOVK^ WIKK KKM K (ML, A 1>U1 AN,M1CH.
Please mention Bee Journal "wlien "writing.

Wanted lo Purcliase

200 to +00 colouies of BEES— northern Califor-
nia, Oregon or Texas. State price, f.o.b. cars;
also kind of hive, with and without supers; and
condition of bees, about April 1st to 10th.

Address, Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co.,
12.\-tf Ml Wash. Avenue, Ogden, Utah.
Please mention Bee Jotirnal "when "writliis

9 I ^.80 For

I ^ 200 Egg
^INCUBATOR

Perfect iu oon.Uruction and
action. Hat<'hes every fertile
egg. Write for catalog to-day.

GEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III

46A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

f Bee-Keepers, Remember

f

4

I Root's Supplies at their

♦ Factory Prices » ♦ * ♦

that the freig-ht rates froo
are the lowest of any city it
We sell

Poultry Supplies and Hardware I
plements a specialty. Send for our
free Illustrated Catalog'. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

f

14A13t

Please mentii

1 the Bee Journ

CUECD linWCV IS OOOD MONET
OnCCr IHUnCI andeasy toinake
f you work for ua. We «-lU start you in
lUeiness and furnish the capital. Work
Ifht and easy. Send 10 cents tor full

The Dauz. Bive—

Tlie Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbing agents
for THE A. i. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the truods you want for this season, and
let us quote vnu prices. Beeswa.x wanted. Send
for catat.xr. H. M. HUNT & SON.

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

covir. The cloth was so wet and damp I
could wring water out of it. The Ijees left
the supers entirely and went below where it
was dryer, and staid until I put on the hoards.
How did it work? Fine. I lool<ed the next
mornint; and they were right bacl< in the
supers working for me. Probably my neigh-
bors' hives are made so they can not use a
lioard on top. My hives are made so there is
'., inch Ijetween the hive and the ijable of
the cover. The cover sets over the top of the
hive and }.! inch down on all sides. This
cover, with J^i-inch Ijoard instead of cloth,
makes an air-spaced double cover. They can
not glue the board to the sections as they do
cloth. The -V-inch space underneath keeps
the sections neat and clean.

Some say that boards crack and disturb the
bees; they don't bother me much that way.
I loosen them up carefuUj' with a pocket-
knife, blow a little smoke under, and the bees
don't bother at all. I find a good plan in
handling bees Is to smoke your hands with
the smoker until they smell quite strong with
smoke; if a bee alights on your hands it will
not stay long. I never use gloves. I have
gone through the season without being stung
once upon the hands.

On page 99, I notice what is said about
giving bees a flight and returning them to the
cellar. I tried that last spring with good suc-
cess. After the bees returned to the cellar
they were quiet, and did not come out of the
hive at all. I am waiting for a day to put
them out this spring, but we have not had a
day when the bees could fly since last Novem-
ber. ■ Manfred Reynolds.

Kalamazoo Co., Mich., Feb. 34.

Foul Brood in Ontario.

A perusual of Mr. Wm. McEvoy's racy and
strongly worded article, on page 197, inclines
me to offer a word relating to it — just a point
or so, and never mind the rest.

He says '* the province of Ontario had at
one time more foul-broody apiaries than any
other Province or State in the world.'' One
can hardly think that Mr. McEvoy had well
considered that wide statement before making
it. I have always been led to believe that
Ontario, Canada, would not suffer by com-
parison with other countries generally, with
regard to healthtulness of all useful animal
life. My experience with keeping bees, on
my own account, extends over more than 30
years, and during that time I have visited
quite a number of apiaries all about me for
"several miles," and f do not remember that
I ever had the pleasure ( ; ) of seeing one case
of foul brood. That Ontario like other coun-
tries is subject to the disease no one wishes to
deny.

Continuing, he says : " The first season that
I went out on my rounds through the Prov-
ince, I found the disease in every village,
town and city that I went into, and also every
country place where bees are kept." To
make this statement clear, it should be ex-
plained that Mr. McEvoy works by the day,
and if he were guided by the law that was
placed in his hands for his guidance in his of-
ficial duties as foul brood inspector, he visited,
in the main, only apiaries or bees to lohieh he
ui.i.s snit by t/ie Prfsulent of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and of course the Presi-
dent would send him only to those places
where he had reason to believe foul brood ex-
isted ; and then we might reasonably expect
him to find it wherever he went. With the
facts before us, it does seem to me that the
Inspector is not justified in branding Ontario
as ever having been the worst in the world in
that respect.

We have reason to believe that certain
parties, once prominent in bee-circles, bee-
societies and bee-literature, were not as care-
ful as they should have been when selling and
shipping bees; and probably a good deal of
mischief was done in that way ; but did not
cover all Ontario.

Can there be any valid reason tor hiding the
existence of any infectious disease among any
of our domestic animals* To my mind, there
never yet has been anything offered that had
the appearance of a reason. When A. I. Root
Co. had foul brood, they told us so, and we
believe 1 them, and when it was eradicated we
believed what they said about it, and their busi-

238

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

nese went right on. It my bees ever have foul
brood I want every bee-keeper to know it ; the
public is interested in all infectious diseases;
it has to take its chances of suffering from
such diseases; it has to stand the cost of
stamping them out, and certiiinly it has the
right to be in possession of all available
knowledge touching such diseases in the
country. Let's have light.

That Mr. McEvoy worked out— discovered
— the best remedy for that dread disease
known in this country—that be is probably
the best man among us to undertake the woi;k
practically alohe, very likely no one will deny.

Ontario, Canada. S. T. Pettit.

Making "Good" Candy, Etc.

The answer to "Ontario," on page 13S, in
regard to making " Good " candy can be very
much improved, to-wit;

Take raw extracted honey and stir into it
as much finely powered cane-sugar as you
may find convenient; and then on a sheet of
tin, zinc, or something similar— not porous —
work in some sugar of the same kind, knead-
ing the mass as you would bread, and when
you can't knead very readily any more sugar
into the " dough," take a hammer and pound
in more. Beat in more sugar very much like
we old pioneers used to beat the clay to make
the jambs of a fireplace, when we could get
no bricks. It is advisable to use uiihj eaiie-
nugar. I have never been able to make a
good article from the other sugars, and it
should be free from ultramarine, and as fine
as flour. Confectioners' sugar is fine enough,
but it is HO good at all for good "Good"
candy.

Made as above directed this candy will keep
indefinitely, even in our dry Colorado climate.

The past season I used candy thus made
that was 7 years old. It had been kept in a
tin can, with a cover tight enough to keep
out red ants.

Candy made by the recipe given on page
138, may do very well for shipping queens a
short distance— and the shorter the better —
but it is not only convenient, but quite neces-
sary, to have better candy for long distances.

When I have been unable to get sugar free
from ultramarine and other impurities, it has
been my practice to boil, adding a very little
water, and skim off the scum that will arise
from the boiling, then stir while cooling as
long as I can — the longer the better; after
cooling it should be solid — break it up and
run through a common coffee-mill, and more
than once, until it is as fine as Hour. It the
honey you used is warm, and the weather
warm, and you do the work in a warm room,
you will do better work and save time, but do
not boil it.

J. E. Chambers (pages 142-8) has evidently
thoroughly tested Carniolan bees, and talks
straight to the point. I have handled them
10 years. They are all right, either North or
South, it appears. James H. Wing.

Prowers Co., Colo., March .=>.

An Experience witli Bees.

About 2 years ago I became very much in-
terested in tjees, but last season in our section
(and I think it was the same in most States)
was enough to discourage almost any one who
keeps bees, as the season was so wet that the
bees could work only about 2 days in a week,
and then the days of bad weather would come
and they would eat what they had gathered
during the pleasant days; and when tall came
I found many of them nearly destitute of
stores; but I fed them sugar syrup whenever
a pleasant day came, but snow came before I
could feed them enough to carry them through
the winter, and so I put them into the cellar
as they were — 36 in number — about Xov. 1.5,
and as I live in a very snowy country we have
to leave our bees in until about April 15,
making about 5 months that they are confined
to the cellar, without having a flight. We
have over 4 feet of snow here on a level now ;
it generally stays until about April 1, at which
time the weather warms up, and the snow
will usually all be gone about April 15, and
then the bees increase very rapidly when
placed out.

I have taken the American Bee Journal
about 2 years, and would hardly know how to

BIG BARGAINS IN BUCCIES

$27.50!

jrth I

uble thep

for Catalog

md libera! agency plan,

EcoNOMT nrocY CO.,

Box A 5S CtoclDnatl, Ublo.

9D6t Please mention the Bee J

-X INDIANA STEEL* WIM CO

5Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

£S"- Rearino Queens

and having a breeding queen that is two years
old, whose bees are so gentle they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers I ever saw, I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of 1903 at the following prices. Terms
cash:

Reared by Doolittle Method.

Untested Queen, 75c; b for $4.00

Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for 5.00

Natural Swarming and Supersedure.

Untested Queen, $1.25: 6 for 6.00

Tested Queen, $1.75; 6 for ''.00

CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDONALD, TENN.

l.,D4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

5t^„KM'REl|HTgS"T^PRICESI2Y^£./ilRAM"

|W'"'tfjgfe^HERCO.irs^'^"i'iiiispRiNOFittfe;^

B66S For §al6.

25 or 30 colonies of Italians, in Langstroth
single walled and in American Chaff hives. In
lots of five, $5.00 each; or the whole lot for $4.00
each. Address, or call on,

MRS. E. NEUBERT, BRYANT, CLINTON CO. IOWA

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tlie Trade.

Wanted lo BIT

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PI'RE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. IH. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaNAPOLls, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wanted to Excliancje tor Bees

in L. hives and L. extractiut:f fixtures, or offers,
any or all of the following: i Foundation Press,
3 Honey-Extractors for frames not over 11x14}^
inches; 2,000 four-piece Sections; 1 Bicycle; 1
Furnace and pipe; 1 Base-burner coal heating
Stove; 1 Cook-Stove; 1 fur overcoat (uew); and
other things. For description, write

J. E. THOMPSON, Carpentersvllle, ill.
Please mention Bee journal when writing

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with eacli one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as

a premium for sending us One

/ ^E^ N'ew subscriber to the Bee Journal
l^^^Avv a year at .>l.ou; or for SI. 10 we

^ ^ will mail the I'.cc .Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

get along without it, as I Hud something very
practical in every issue, especially the ques-
tions that Dr. Miller answers.

I will give a little experience that I had
with a red clover queen that I received last
summer. I expected the queen about July 1,
but it was August 1 when I received her, and
as I had never introduced a queen I took 6
frames filled with brood and some honey, and
placed them in an empty hive, brushing every
bee off (they were hybrid bees), and closed
the new hive; and the next morning there
were several ijees hatched out of the brood
and then I placed the new queen in the hive.
I think she was the smallest queen I ever saw,
not being any larger than my bees, but she be-
ing yellow could easily be distinguished, as
my bees are nearly black, and so I watched
the hive very closely. In about 30 days the
bees that came from the hive were about }i of
them the same color as the queen, and by fall
there was not one of my bees left in the hive,
and it was completely filled with what I now
suppose to be red clover bees, but they had
very little honey.

I usually look at my bees once a week, to
see how they are getting along. Last week
when I went to the cellar and opened the
above hive I found the colony had died ('.) for
want of food, which made me feel very badly.
I took out some of the frames and shook the
dead bees off on the lloor in search of the
queen, and soon found her dead as the rest.
I brought her up to show her to my wife, lay-
ing the queen on a small piece of paper on
the imck of the stove, and iu aljout 10 minutes
I looked at her again and she was crawling
around, to my surprise. I then went down
and brought up the hive and bees, and put it
on the back of the stove, where it was real
warm, and, to my surprise, the bees all came
to life. I at once made some sugar candy for
them, and they are doing finely now, queen
and all. F. E. Castle.

Oneida Co., N. Y., Feb ;3a.

Curing Foul Brood in Texas.

I noticed an article on pages 796 and 797,
entitled, " Bee-Keeping in the Southwest—
Cleome and Foul Brood." As no one else
seems to do so I will try to help our friend
out. As for Cleome, I don't know that I can
do him any good; it is a good honey-plant,
but I do not think it of value as chicken-feed.

As for foul brood making its appearance in
Texas last year, our friend is mistaken; it was
here when I began bee-keeping 9 years ago,
and when I began to learn something about
bees, I found out that my bees were in bad
shape with the disease, and I set to work for
a cure. I consulted my "ABC of Bee-Cul-
ture," and there found a plan and tried it,
but in some cases it failed. About this time I
got a copy of Dr. Howards' foul brood
pamphlet (which our friend should get), and
tried the McEvoy treatment, and got out of
trouble. Since that time (which was about 4
years ago) my bees have been healthy, and in
fine shape.

I have also done considerable work treating
foul brood for my neighljors, and the plan I
struck was to treat all colonies that are strong
enough to take care of themselves, and such
as are not, some day after they have quit fly-
ing stop the entrance, and be sure they are all

' MouniUniojGoiiefle |

open to both sexes from the begin- V

ning. Founded in 1X46. Highest grade J»

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 W

instructors. Alumni and students occu- i'

pying highest positions in Church and A*

State. Expenses lower than other col- Jj

leges of equal grade. Any young person k^

ith tact and energy can have an educa- J»

tion. We invite correspondence. Send jj^

for catalog. |^

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, f

Alliance, Ohio. E

April 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

239

in ; slip the cover just far enough from one
corner to pour a teaspoonful of bisulphide of
carbon. Close the cover, and that colony is
'■ cured " to a certainty. But you must take
the contents of the hive and burn or bury,
and you must do this when no bees are flying.
If you have spilled no honey about, the hive
is safe to use again.

It is not so much trouble to cure a colony
of foul brood, but to keep from spreading the
disease is what you must look out for. If
you have a lot of weakened colonies with this
disease, never undertake to move the hives
close together to streughlen soyou can cure
them. Just as surely you wiil spread the dis-
ease. It is better to treat all diseased colonies
at nearly the same time as possible.

Now, Mr. Garrett, I have given you a plan
by which you can cure your bees of foul
brood, but you must do your work carefully,
aad during a How of honey, and ray advice to
you is to let the other fellow treat said dis-
ease with medicine. I have found that bees
do not need much medicine in Texas.

Now if you get what you wantoutof this, I
will try again, if you ask. LoN Rossos.

Ellis" Co., Texas, March r.

To make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators
Book Business DairyiDp.& Cat.ai2 f ree. W.Cbeater.Pa

CONVENTION NOTICE.

nissourl. — Bee-keepers of Missouri will meet
in convention at Moberly, in the Commercial
Club Rooms, at 2 o'clock p.m., on April 22,
190.?, to organize a Missouri Stale Bee-Keepers'
Association. We expect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have some bee-talks the
day following-. Everybody is invited who is in-
terested in be^s and honey. Let us have a
good turn-out and a g 3od time. Good hotel ac-
commodations can be had at fl.OO and J2 00 a
day. The Monitor Prinlidg Company will tell
you where the Commercial Club rooms are
located. W. T. Cakv, Acting Secretary.

Wakenda, Mo.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrang'emeiits so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following- prices, cash with
the order:

51& loib 25ffi son

Sweet Clover (white) $.75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alslke Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhiteClover 1.50 2.80 6.50 1250

AlfalfaClover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8,00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI*

Originators of 30-Day Plan.— In another part
of this issue we are printing the advertisement
of the Kalamazoo Carriage and Harness Mfg.
Co , of Kalamazoo, Mich. These people are the
originators of the Free Trial Plan of sending
vehicles anywhere with the privilege of 30days'
examination and trial, the purchaser being per-
fectly satisfied befoce he accepts the vehicle.
This plan was unique in its conception, and a
good many dealers thought it was impractical,
but the quality of the goods that the Kalamazoo
Carriage dc Harness Mfg. Co., turn out, justify
them in making this very liberal offer, as they
manufacture a fine grade of vehicles. Their
business has increased very much in the past
few years, and any one who is interested in get-
ting'really a first-class iob at the lowest prices
should write to them tor their Free Catalog,
which is now readv for distribution. Their ad-
dress is, The Kalamazoo Carria^re and Harness
Mfg. Co., No 161 Ransome St., Kalamazoo,
Mich. Please mention the American Hee Jour-
nal when writing them.

$ IV TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
L^ VVe will present you wllti the llrst *.. you
rmtake in to start Tou in i> jtood pavintr lusi-
Hness. Send 10 cents tor full line of samples
v*^* and directions how t^i beirin.
^^ DRAPER PUBLISHING Cn.. Chicago. Ills.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

BEE=BOOKS

SENT POSTl'Ain HY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book conlains 328 pages,
is pound In handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Ur. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of priat for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Frice, SI. 00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadaut.— This classic iu bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. h. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound iu
cloth. Frice, SL20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, 61.20

Scientific Queen-Kearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound iu cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00 ;
in leatherette binding, 130 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents ; in paper,

I 50 cents.
I

I Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
I and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
1 author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
I 90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
i Price, 50 cents.

' Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called " Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Itcgister, by Thomas G. New-
man.—Devuiis two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. I'ricc. for 50 colonies, .jl.OO.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the .McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the expenmeiu.'^ of others. Price, 25 cents.

Wlntc-r Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Ivesult o£ 25 years' experience
Price, 30 ecu it.

Foul BroiKl Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire. — It.^ Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago. March 24.— The trade is of small
volume with little chanf^e in prices of any of
the grades. Choice white comb sells at 15^o>i6c
with amber and other off grades slow at 2'§'5c
less. E.xtracted^ 7(aj8c for white» accordioK" to
kind aud flavor; dark grades, ?>)4('^(>%c. Bees-
wax. 30c. R. A. BURNBTT A Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, 15c; mixed. 14{a*15c; dark. 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Hc. iieeswax firm. 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Apr. 2.— Our market is almost
bare of comb honey ; the demand is good. We
quote you as follows; Fancv white comb, 24
sections, $3.50; No. 1. white, $3 40; No. 2, white
and amber, $3@3.25. Extracted, white, 6^c;
amber, 5>^@6c. Beeswax No. I, per pound, 2Sc
C; C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex

Iracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels, 5^@6^c, according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c. Fancy comb honey, 15J^@
16J4c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co,

New York, March 5. — There is a fair demand
for white comb at 15c per pound for fancv, 13®
14c for No. 1, and 12c ior amber, with sufficient
supply to meet the demand. Dark honey will
be cleaned up with very little left; it is selling
at about He per pound. Extracted rather weak
aud iu quantity lots, prices generally shaded.
We quote: White, 7^7!^ cents; amber, 6H(^7c;
dark, 6c. Beeswax scarce at 30(ai31c for good
average. Hildrbtb & Sboblkbr.

Cincinnati, Mar. 7. — The comb honey market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14(aH5c; no de-
mand for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not been changed and prices are
as follows: Amber in barrels, 5%(q\5}4c\ in cans
6(3)6}4c; white clover, 8(^S!^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, Mar. H.— White comb honey,
12^@13^c; amber, 9(a>llc; dark, 7@7>sc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6%@7^c; light amber, SH@6c;
amber, S@5''4c: dark. 4(as4J^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, liB-hi 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

Demand 's fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular aud rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting- an early clean-up.

%A# A Kl^er\ WHITE CLOVER EX-

YVMIN I tL^ TR ACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO,

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee jonrnal when -WTitlng-

TO BUY

30 to 50 colonies of liees
on Hoffman frames.

_ _ __ Address, H.JOHANSEN,

Fremont Hotel, I'l South Clark St., Chicag-o, til.
13Atf Please mention the Hee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
foruB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOe for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

business. Draper PubllBblngCo.,Cb)cai[o.ill.

mention Bee journal when wTitins-

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

I£ yon are interested In Sheep In any way
you cannot afford to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

Wool Markets and Slieep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICASO- IU.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

240

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 9, 1903.

Tlie Best Bee-Ooods
ifl the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
'Mill not be ditsappointed.
AVe are iinderiiiold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gekrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g^oods at catalogr prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

T ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼■•

Please mention Bee Journal -when writing.

Only 8c a lb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago : 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at 8 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at )^c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee = Supplies

G B. LEWIS CO'S GOODS and every-

thiag necessary for handliug- bees. The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washidgton Street,
49A26t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

BEE-SUPPLIES?

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

tis.^s^Vi..3e.:iS.Si^ia,je»^ie,^e^Vi^^

?tfr Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. '?;s^,^'':i.^^kl,^^^%^''i^llt^S:''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

Why does it sell so well? ^l^z

it has always given better satlF-
faction than any other. Because in 25 yeara
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS •«

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee — Rc^^/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

P'.ease mention Bee Jotirnal -when ■WTitin&

Special Notices.

Beeswax Market.

We are paying, till further notice, 30 cents
cash, or 32 in trade, for average; one cent extra
for choice yellow wax.

Three Carloads of Honey =Jars.

We have orders with two factories for 3 car-
loads of honey-jars to be delivered soon. One
car of No. 25 jars and Mason jars goes to our
branch in Mechanic Falls, Maine, while an-
other car is coming here. The third car is of
square jars also— Tip-top jars. We are getting
in position to take care of orders for honey-jars
promptly, and at the best available price.

Shipping at this Date.

The orders continue to roll in in good volume,
so that we are still 15 cars behind on orders for
car-loads. Smaller orders are shipped with
reasonable promptness within 2 or 3 days after
being received. The railroads continue to an-
noy by delay to shipments in transit. The con-
sequence of such delays in bee-keepers' supplies
are not quite so serious now as they will be
later on; and it is of the highest importance
that you anticipate your wants as far in ad-
vance as possible, so as not to be without the
goods when the time comes that you are ready
to use them. Two percent off for cash with
order this month.

Second-hand Foundation-Mills.

We still have on hand a good assortment of
second-hand foundation-mills, which we list as
follows. Any one desirint2^ samples from these
mills, or further particulars, we shall be pleased
to supply on application.
No. 014,2.k6, hex. cell, extra-thinsuper. Price,$8

the inside of the super ;
a general demand for a

tra-thin super, good.

■ice, $10.
:*rice, $12.
■ice, $0.

2x6, hex. cell,

Price, 10.
No. 2132, 2x6, hex. cell, thin super.
No. 2227, 2x6, hex. cell, thin super.
No. 050, 2!^xl2, round cell, medium
No. 044, 2x10. Pelham, nearly new.
No. 034, 2Kxl2J^, round cell, very old style,

fair condition. Price, $10.
No. 051, 2x10, round cell,medium brood. Price,$10

The New Super Springs for 1903.

We have up until lately been using wire
springs to produce the necessary compression
in comb honey supers. These were secured to

There came to be
V.4.BLE spring, and
accordingly constructed some samples made
of wire; but owing to the difficulties of manu-
facture, and the further fact that the tension of
the wire varied considerably, we finally decided
on Hat steel springs. This spring is very simi-
lar to if not identical with the super-spring first
used by Capt. J. E. Hetherington, of Cherry
Valley, N. Y., some 30 years ago, and which, we
understand, he has been using ever since.
While this form of spring is a little more ex-
pensive for the material used, it is easier to
make. The Root Co. is now turning out these
springs bv the thousand. All the l')03 supers
put out by us from this date on will have these
springs; and we anticipate they will be well re-
ceived by the general bee-keeping public. Capt.
Hetherington, who for many years enjoyed the
reputation of being the most extensive bee-
keeper in the world, is not apt to adopt an im-
practicable device; and the fact that he pro-
nounces the principle good is pretty good evi-
dence that the fraternity at large can safely
adopt it. There are those who prefer a spring
fast to the super instead of loose. By putting
the spring in position, and driving a staple over
one end, thefce may be securely fastened. A
staple similar to the No. 11 double-pointed tack
but a little wider is needed. We will have them
soon at 20 cents per pound.

A Nail-Puller for a Quarter.

On receiving a shipment of hives or other
goods, how often have you felt the need of a
good nail-puller with which to open the boxes
without breaking or splitting them? Such nail-
pullers as were effective have been beyond the
reach of most people who have a box to open
only occasionally. Here is something that
works on the same principle as the best nail-
puller, and yet is within the reach of every one.
It will be worth all it costs in opening up one
shipment of hives. It is nickel-plated, weighs
only 3 ounces, and may be carried in the vest-
pocket, yet it is strong enough to draw nails up
to 2 inches. The jaws are bedded over the head
of the nail; then with the hammer attached, the
nail is easily drawn. The head may pull off
from some cement-coated nails, and then, of
course, you can not get a hold on them. Usually
the grip is such as to hold the nail under the
head, so it is not likely to come off. Price, only

25 cents each; by mail, 30 c
is made that will take l%'\
cents; by mail, 40.

A heav

ich 1

Price, ^S

Address, THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '^iV^|<5'?L^i,r''

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO,
their free Catalog.

Send to them for

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Ani^eles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. APRIL 16, 1903.

No. 16,

242

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

Dr.C.C.Mill:

DEPT. EDITORS,

R, E.E.Hasty, Em

I A M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is Sl.UO a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy frtc.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

^ Weekly Bud^t. i

^^^^rr^rwp

Geo. W. Broubeck, of Los Angeles Co.,
Calif., President of the California National
Honey-Producers' Association, wrote us on
March 2" :

"The season here in California, until of
late, has again been in doubt, but recent rains
make it more promising, so that we now feel
confident of a crop. A large yield, though,
will require more and belter rains; but of
this we feel more hopeful, and I am extremely
anxious that this shall prove a bounteous
year."

Dr. Miller's New Bee-Book is receiving
very flattering comments from the editors of
the other bee-papers. Mr. Ernest R. Root, of
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, gives this racy
write-up about it:

"FORTY TEARS AMONG THE BEES."

In our last issue I promised to tell you more
about this new and interesting book by Dr. C.
C. Miller. I have read page after page of it
[Dr. Miller's new book], and the more I read
the more I am convinced that it is one of the
most practical books that was ever written.
There are 101— yes, lUOl— little kinks, little
tricks of the trade, little ideas, and big ones,
too, which,, while they may be old to xoiite of
the veterans, I am of the opinion will prove
to be new and useful to the majority of them.
The Doctor has crowded into these 32S pages
his ripest experience; and not only that, he
has drawn from the ideas of others so that we
have the very latest and best in the way of
practical information from one who has
actually spent "forty years among the bees."

In our previous issue I spoke of the fact
that the writers of text-books, and editors of

papers, often assume too much knowledge on
the part of the one they are supposed to in-
struct. Our author, while he is not writing
for beginners, does not assume anything of
the sort. He describes just what lie does in
the bee-yard, and !iow he does it. Even in the
simple matter of catching a queen, he goes
into full details, illustrating by photograph
each step in the operation. And that reminds
me that, some four or five years ago, I told
the Doctor he ought to get one of those little
pocket kodaks; that one who wrote as much
as he did ought to be able once in a while to
give a picture of the Modus operamli. The
next thing I knew he had bought him a little
camera, and was snapping it on every thing
right and left. Why, you just ought to see
how he illustrates in his book his various
manipulations, with that handy little instru-
ment. Take, for example, his method of get-
ting bees off the combs, as shown in Fig. 20,
page 83. Without the book itself I can not
describe to you exactly the vigorous shake or
" shook " he gives a comb; but with his left
hand he grabs the end-bar securely ; then with
his right hand, or fist, rather, he comes down
on the back of his left hand, holding the
frame, with a quick, sharp blow. Why, you
can actually see Dr. Miller's chubby fist
knocking every bee rleim off. Did you ever
try to shake a comb with two hands, giving
it the most vigorous kind of " shook," but it
would not " shook " till the bees off unless
they were black ones.' Well, take Dr. Miller's
plan, and, presto! every bee will drop in-
xt<{/i.ter. In Fig. 28 he shows the art of sweep-
ing bees off the comb; in Fig. 31 how he stays
up his foundation with wooden splints, and a
good plan it is. too.

Again, we get a glimpseof the Doctor hold-
ing his Miller feeder, just as if he were de-
icribing its merits before a convention.
Another view that is most interesting is the
drive leading up to the Miller mansion. On
one side of the road is a row of beautiful lin-
dens, making the view from a purely artistic
point very attractive. Fig. 29 shows the
sealed brood of laying workers; and it is tlie
best representation in printer's ink of such
brood I have ever seen. Fig. 60 is a remark-
able view of a section filled with foundation —
one large top starter and one narrow bottom
starter.

In Fig. Gl we see the Doctor in his light
summer clothing, trimming foundation up
for sections. Yes, we can almost see the
sweat rolling down his good-natured face. In
Fig. S3 we are forcibly reminded of the fact
that the Doctor believes in cool dress for sum-
mer work among the bees. One thickness of
clothing, bee-veil, and hat, shoes and stock-
ings, complete his regalia, and he looks very
neat and comfortable standing up among his
favorite rose-bushes. In Fig. 84, again, we
see Miss Wilson, his sister-in-law, in her very
neat bee-suit. Well, I might go on and de-
scribe each of the 112 pictures that are so in-
teresting and also instructive.

Yes, the book is full of good things —
packed full of them, and I question very much
whether aiiy progressive bee-keeper, beginner
or veteran, can afford not to read this book
clear through. You may say you have read
the Doctor's writings for years. Granted.
But you will find that there are many little
kinks that he describes in his book that he
has never put on the pages of a bee-journal —
not because he was not willing to impart what
he knew; but because, when he sat down to
write a book, one thing after another sug-
gested itself until he unfolded a new story
that is as good as a story, and far more profit-
able.

Editor W. Z. Hutchinson, of the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review, had this to offer after having
" dipped into it here and there:"

" FORTT TEARS AMONG THE BEES."

A few years ago Dr. C. C. Miller wrote a
readable and instructive book called " A Year
Among the Bees.'' In this book he gave
advice for conducting the affairs of the api-
ary from the Ijeginningto theeud of the year,
hence the name. The demand was such that
the book was soon out of print, and I have
often wondered why the good Doctor did not
get out a new edition. 1 have always attrib-
uted this to a lack of time on the Doctor's

part, as he once told me that, years ago, he
had looked forward to the time when he
might have a little leisure, but, later, he had
given up all such hopes. It seems, however,
that he has been using his time of late in
writing an entirely new book, with a title
that sounds very much like the old one, but
it means forty times as much, as it is " Forty
Years Among the Bees." In this the author
goes briefly, but concisely, over his forty
years of bee-keeping, for he has really kept
bees for forty years. Not only this, but he
gives us a delightfully written biographical
sketch of his boyhood in Pennsylvania, his
heroic struggles in securing an education, in
which he boarded himself, cutting his weekly
expense for board down to only lib cents a
week, which so affected his health that he
has never fully recovered from it. I found
this account of his early life so interesting
that 1 read it aloud to the whole family.
Most vividly did it recall my own boyhood's
days, in which I roamed the forest as free as
the wild things in whose lives I became so
interested.

Another very interesting feature of the
book is the large number of kodak pictures
with which its pages are embellished. The
Doctor has surely learned how to " push the
button," or have some one do it for him, with
considerable proficiency.

I have not yet said one word about what
is probably the most important part of the
work, that is, the main body that gives the
solid instructions regarding actual work in
the apiary. There are two reasons for this:
One is the lack of room in this issue to do the
subject justice, and the other is that I have
not read it. I have done this, however: I
have dipped into it here and there, just
enough so that I feel warranted in saying
that it is the master-piece of the author's
forty years among the bees. I shall read it,
however, every word, and future issues will
contain frequent comments upon what I have
read in " Forty Years Among the Bees."

The postpaid price of Dr. Miller's book is
SI. 00; or with the American Bee Journal one
year — both for only Jl. 75; or we give it free
as a premium to any one who is now a regu-
lar paid-in-advance subscriber to the Bee
Journal, and who sends two new subscribers
to the Bee Journal for a year with $2.00 to
pay for same.

Mr. L. C. Medkiff's Apiary is shown on
the preceding page. He wrote thus, whea
sending the picture:

I send a picture of my apiary taken in the
fall just before taking off the upper hive-
stories. I had a fair crop of clover honey,
but one of the poorest fall crops I ever knew
or heard of for this locality. We bad lots of
llowers, but it rained so much and was so
cool that the bees gathered very little. I had
to feed about half of my colonies, of which I
have 51.

The hive that I am standing by, with a
smoker resting on it, contains one of my
favorite colonies, and is one of superior stock.
L. C. MedivIff.

Stenog — the man on the fence who is noted
for his " Pickings from Our Neighbors'
Fields " in Gleanings— had the following ap-
preciated paragraph about this journal in his
department recently :

"Although I have not had much to say-
about the • Old Reliable ' lately, it is not be-
cause it does not deserve it. Mr. Y'ork is not
relaxing any of his efforts to make his jour-
nal indispensable to every bee-keeper. The'
high moral tone of the journal is very com-
mendable. Mr. Hasty is always at his best
here."

Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan expected to start
from California about Easter for Boston,
thence to Europe, and possibly Africa, to be
gone a year. Mr. Cowan is a great traveler
when once he gets started.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 16, 1903,

No. 16,

The Honey and Beeswax Imports of the United States
during 1901 and 1903 were as follows:

Honey in 1901— 1S3.196 gallons ; value $ 83,599

1903—167,301 •■ " .56,383

Beeswax in 1901— 213,773 lbs. '• 55,884

1903—408,706 •' '• 115,937

Carpet-Grass has been highly spoken of as a honey-plant. In
the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, W. A. H. Gilstrap says that while
it is a good yielder of fine honey in some favored localities, it is dis-
tinctly a swamp growth. " It can stand a dry climate if the ground is
wet enough. Any of our upland grain-land is too dry for carpet-
grass."

AVax-Production. — If there is any place where the production
of wax at the expense of honey might be made to pay, one would
think it would be in some parts of Cuba. A. I. Root reports from
there that wax brings 35 cents spot cash, while honey scarcely nets
the bee-keeper, who is away from the railroads, more than two cents a
pound!

Los Angeles, Calif., has been selected by the Executive Com-
mittee as the place for holding the next annual meeting of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, and August 18, 19 and 20, 1903,
are the dates.

The main reason for deciding on Los Angeles was on account of
the low railroad rates in force at the time of the Grand Army meeting
at San Francisco, which is held the same week, and the same rates
apply to Los Angeles.

Further particulars will appear in the regular official notice to be
issued by the Secretary of the Association later on, as soon as definite
arrangements can be made as to hall for holding the meeting, hotel
accommodations, etc.

We may say that San Antonio, Tex., and Salt Lake City, I'tah,
made honorable and strenuous efforts to secure this year's meeting of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association, but those who have had the
most experience know that in order to have the best and fullest
attendance, the meeting must be held when low railroad rates all
over the whole country can be taken advantage of, and the Grand
Army beats them all in that line. So that fact had great weight with
the committee in deciding the matter.

Pear-Blight Treatment.— Those who are familiar with the
trouble bee-men have had in California, will be glad to learn that Dr.
M. B. Waite, of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, is re-
ported to have found a solutioD that will be a relief to the bee-keepers.
An editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture says:

According to a newspaper report (a source which we do not
always credit, but which seems in this case to bear the appearance of
genuineness), Dr. Waite has discovered a plan by which '■ colonies of
the bacilli" already existing in pear-blighted trees can be located and
removed from the tree before it comes into bloom. Dr. Waite is
quoted as saying, referring to the pear-growers, " Let them put the
diseased part of the tree out of the way before insects begin to fly, and
before the blossoms come out for them to alight on." Very simple.
And now Dr. Waite is to be sent by his department to Colorado, to
show the orchardists how to discover the '' colonies of bacilli." iind
get them out of the way before bees and other insects have an oppor-

tunity to carry the infection. According to the same report, the
" colonies of blight bacilli live in green bark where the blighted
discolored portion blends off gradually into the normal bark." The
Doctor simply recommends a little common-sense and some tree sur-
gery. He says the pruning-knife or shears must be dipped in some
disinfecting medium every time it outs off a limb of a tree. It would
be monstrous foolishness to scatter the blight from tree,to tree in the
very act of preventing such spread.

Courtesy Beverly Evening Times.

" Improved Queen-Rearing, or How to Rear Large, Prolific,
Long-Lived Queen-Bees," is the title of a neatly-printedi^pamphlet

written. ,by^Henry Alley.
Mr. Alley is a veteran
bee-keeper, and probably
the Nestor among those
engagedr[in queen-rear-
ing.

He will, no doubt, pro-
voke opposition by say-
ing that no better queens
can be reared by starting
cells in a full colony than
in a nucleus of one Lang-
stroth! frame of brood
and two of pollen and
honey with adhering
bees. But Mr. Alley's
three-frame nuclei are
really stronger than that
term usually implies, for
they are materially
strengthened by the addi-
tion of young bees afte,.
being formed. On three
or four successive even
ings, about sunset, he
takes a comb of bees
from some strong colony
and brushes the bees down on the ground in front of the nucleus.

After forty years' experience he prefers for rearing queens nn a
large scale small nucleus hives containing five frames about five inches
square.

He does not favor rearing queens over a colony with a laying
queen except at swarming-time, unless the colony is about to super-
sede its queen.

The well-known Alley plan of starting cells with strips of comb
containing eggs is given in detail, with some new features, and the
whole pamphlet is written in a practical and compact manner. The
price is $1.50; 50 pages.

AVorking Bees with Few Visits.- A few years ago the
noted French bee-keeper, Geo. de Layens, practiced and advocated a
plan whereby he established apiaries at some distance, and visited
them only a few times in the year— perhaps three times. Of course,
he worked for extracted honey. For some reason little was said aljout
it on this side the water. Now, there appears in the Bee-Keepers'
Review the account of something in the same line by a Michigan bee-
keeper, E. D. Townsend. The following particulars are ot interest:

The bees are wintered on the summer stands in packing cases.
About Oct. 1 I make a trip down there, look them over, feed any light
ones until each colutiy has at least 20 or 30 pounds each, and then
pack them for winter in from two to six inches of chaff. They are
not disturbed again till I put the upper stories on, the first of June.

As our honey season does not open until about June 1.5, it will be
seen that the bees have plenty of room previous to the flow, hence do

HENRT ALLEY.

244

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

not get the swarming-fever; and, as I put two upper stories on each
of the strong colonies at this visit, there is no swarming except in
cases of supersedure of queens during the honey season. This does
away with all watching for swarms.

cr^ As I want my clover honey separate from the basswood, I make a
third trip the first of July, and extract what clover there is, putting
back the upper stories to catch the last end of the clover and basswood
flow.

What clover and basswood there is I extract about Aug. 1 ; and,
as there is no fall How at this yard, this ends the season.

If it were not for keeping the clover separate, it would not be
necessary to make more than three visits a year.

I have an assistant living about one-half mile from this yard, and
he looks over the colonies, and adds upper stories where needed, visit-
ing the yard twice during the honey-How — once about June 34 and
again July 1'2. He also helps me extract and pack the bees for win-
ter— in all, about eight or ten days' work. This yard is one-third
mile from any house, and there is no one there to watch and hive
swarms when I am away.

Now, for results : The crop of 1901 was 10,500 pounds, and, last
year, it was 4,500 pounds, making 15,000 total tor two years. This
was sold at wholesale at T'.j to 9 cents per pound, at an average of
about 8 cents, making ¥1,200, or $1.50 each for the eight trips.

Convention Proceedings.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND RKPORTBR.

(Continued from page 22'i.)
Mr. N. E. France, Inspector of Apiaries for the State
of Wisconsin, talked on foul brood during practically the
whole of the evening session, as follows :

FOUL BROOD— ITS CAUSE AND CURE.

There are many parts of this subject, and so many and
varied are the interests that I hardly know on what part of
it to touch. I had outlined quite a paper, thinking that it
might go to the press, and through the published report of
this meeting do considerable good. The headings had been
finished, and I had started to typewrite out a full report,
when some one — some of my comrade bee-keepers who had
been in the northern counties hunting — sent down some
deer heads without so much as asking me if I were at home,
or would do the work for them, with instructions to " Mount
this head for my house and send it back ;" other heads kept
coming in until I had dozens on my hands, so my prepared
paper had to wait— the deer heads (fresh meat) could not
wait, but needed immediate preparation.

I have been unable anywhere to procure an artist cap-
able of making a drawing looking down into the depth of
the brood-comb as the naked eye sees it. I went to three of
our State Normal Schools in our State ; gave the artists
samples of comb, explained to them what I wanted, and
they said, " Yes, we can see it." " Now," I said, " I am not
asking the price, but can you make a drawing of this?"
They said, " I will try it;" and after a time they would send
me back the comb, saying, " I can not get the depth as the
naked eye can see it." Consequently, if I can explain it so
that you can understand it, it is the best I can do.

First, What is foul brood, and what does it look like?
It is a germ disease. Now, in going over our State at
Farmers' Institutes for the last six years, I have been sur-
prised to find old bee-keepers who were well versed upon
bee-keeping, and by so-called bad luck nearly run out of
the bee-business, not knowing that foul brood was under-
lying all their trouble, and they didn't know what the dis-
ease was, and as I heard a remark made since I have been
here, that one of the strong indications to detect it would
be by the odor or smell. I will confess that so far as my
study has gone, and from samples obtained from various
States, as well as from all over my own, I find many, many
yards where, in the same apiary, one colony is affected and
the next is not ; another is affected and the next one to it is
not ; one has a strong odor of foul brood, and the other little

or none, according to the condition of that hive. Now, why
that is I can not say. We may have foul brood in our yard
and not detect it by any odor. If we had a room where we
could have the sunlight from the morning sun shining in I
would ask nothing better than that each one would indi-
vidually take a piece of comb containing foul brood and see
the different stages of it for yourself. There is nothing like
seeing to impress it upon one's mind. If those who have
not seen it — and I will confess that the samples I have can
not be seen well in this light — I question if you can get any
satisfaction out of it, but I will try to explain some of the
stages of the disease.

This disease, as I find it largely in the Northern States,
especially Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa, and on
to the west, seems to affect the bee when it is along from
four to nine days of age ; sometimes it will be later. As we
go farther south into the Southern States, it seems to affect
it at an earlier day, along from two to three up to six days
of age, making its first appearance.

Those first symptoms to the naked eye perhaps would
not be noticed. I had to shade it here to show that it lies
down curled up ; right there is where it gets its first fatal
blow ; it is in the food. Foul brood becomes contagious to
that larval bee just when it is fed the disease, and not be-
fore, and never until then. For instance, this cell [refer-
ring to drawing] is diseased and that is not, simply because
this has been fed the disease and that not.

The first indications are that this larval bee becomes
restless, and instead of lying down in a fiat, curled-up condi-
tion, it becomes standing on the point end, with the larger
portion of the larva uppermost, and a little brownish streak
begins to show. The naked eye, perhaps, would not notice
it at that stage ; but instead of that growing (these are not
true drawings) — all of us have seen the natural healthy
brood — this bee, lacking the vigor of a healthy bee, the
j germs of disease preying upon it, it becomes weakened and
falls flat upon the lower side-wall of that cell instead of
standing apparently out from the walls of the cell.

Right at that stage the gases begin to accumulate in-
ternally in that larva, and it becomes somewhat of a gela-
tine or gluish nature, and the moment that larval bee strikes
the lower side-wall of the cell (represented as if the comb
were turned, looking straight down from this — this would
be the lower side-wall of the cell in its natural condition),
wherever that strikes it will never let go ; wherever pickled
brood, chilled brood, starved brood, may strike against the
lower side of the wall, or upper, it is sure to stay, and it is
lost.

You can take a pair of tweezers and go down in here
and take that out, but if it is foul brood, and it once strikes
the side-wall, it is there for all time, and I know of no medi-
cal treatment that will ever cure that germ of disease once
there. Instead of maturing and hatching, the cells become
sunken instead of being capped over ; they begin to be
irregular, the gasses accumulating, drawing down appar-
ently until it will break the capping sometimes in the center,
but more frequently to one side of the center, the weaker
part giving away, and have ragged holes in the cappings.
Quite often that is the first stage that the naked eye would
see.

Now, at that stage it has become dead matter; when it
is in the ropy stage it is brown and stringy and ropy in its
nature. The head of the bee will become dried faster than
the rest. As I have tried to illustrate, here on the lower
side-wall the head end of the bee turns up ; back of that, as
this spreads out in the cell, just as it is getting ropy, there
apparently is a little back-bone with ribbing showing, then
the odor is worse ; it is then at the ropy stage ; it may stay
in that condition from three or four days to three weeks,
according to the condition of the weather ; such weather as
we are having lately it would remain in one unchanged
condition the entire time. It will continue to dry down on
the lower side-wall of the cell until we have just a little
thin scale ; sometimes it is as thick as the side-wall of the
cell ; quite often it is not even so thick, but invariably this
one thing prevails — the head of that bee will become dried
before the rest and curl up, and frequently that little bunch
right at the top, and no one need ever mistake that for any-
thing else. In the comb here in the window, that was the
first indication that I looked for — this dried-down scale with
that curled-up appearance.

If there are any questions on that part of it, perhaps
we had better hear them before going further.

Mr. Meredith — I would like to ask a question in regard
to ropiness. If it would be extended out by a toothpick,
would it represent half or three-quarters of an inch ?

Mr. France — That would depend upon the season. Just

April 16, 1903.

XHE AMERICAN, BEE JOURNAL.

245

at this stage, when there apparently is back-bone and rib-
bing- showing, and it is nearly flat across the cell, it is most
.ropy, and that is about the stage when the cappin^js are
sunken in ; then a toothpick would draw it out probably
nearly the length of the cell before letting go; but runv, at
this time of the year it has become thickened by the cool-
ness of the atmosphere, and would not draw it so far ; it
would be thicker.

Dr. Miller — Did I understand that that curled-up head
is always present ? Will you always recognize that ?

Mr. France — I have never known it to fail as yet ; both
from samples from our own State and from nearly all of the
States where I know of the disease. I have tried to com-
pare it from different localities, and never knew it to fail.
I find that in comparing that of the different localities with
that of my own State, it varies little.

Dr. Miller — Will you tell us whose writing you ever
saw.that mentioned that feature of a turned-up head ?

Mr. France — I think Dr. Miller, for one.

Dr. Miller— No, I think not ; I think I never saw nor
heard of it before.

Mr. France — That is the one thing. And one thing
further : I have so often taken the comb out of the hive
like this one I find in the window, and invariably when I
go to a bee-keeper and examine the yard, if one colony
seems to be stronger than another I pass that and go to the
weaker one. In the weaker colonies I will find any disease
if it is in the yard anywhere. I carefully open them, and if
it is very bad undoubtedly I get an odor. If we look into a
comb in that direction, straight in [indicating], that comb
looks fairly clean, but if you want to see it, turn the top
towards you, so that your eyes strike the lower side-wall ;
then a little from the front end you will see that dried,
hard, curled-up larva in there ; and in this one, while they
are hardly as thick in depth as the side-walls are, they are
considerably aged.

How many of you can be here to-morrow before half
past nine? I want you to know every stage of this foul
brood while we are here, because I have the samples, and I
would hate to commit myself on examination of the comb
by lamplight, although I did go to a yard the first of July
after nine o'clock at night to inspect it, because it was
demanded of me. I had gone through two apiaries, finding
several colonies diseased. I had an appointment at a con-
siderable distance, over 100 miles from there the next day.
It would not do to skip neighbor Smith's place, so I called
at his house about nine o'clock ; we had only a lamp. I
asked for the weakest colonies in the yard. I opened the
weakest one, and said: " Mr. Smith, shut up the hive in-
stantly ; this comb must go to the house." They had one
of these glass reflectors on the lamp ; it hung on the side of
the wall. We looked the comb over ; it was similar to this
one ; the first thing I noticed was the sunken cappings ; run
a match or toothpick in there and draw it out, and you could
see that brown, ropy stage ; then where the ribs were we
had a knife and cut away the upper portion of the rib on
the lower side-wall, and we could see those black, dried-
down scales. "Well," he says, •' What will I do?" "Treat
your bees, and do it to-morrow." I told him what to do,
and he said he would do it. I was back there just 23 days
from that time, reviewing that section of country ; the bass-
wood was in bloom ; each of the hives had eight full sheets
of foundation drawn out, brood well on towards maturity,
and 48 full sections ready on each of his hives. It shows
what can be done if it is done at the right season ; if done
during the basswood season it doesn't seem to set them
back much.

Dr. Miller— To help us to understand that same point,
will you refer to the picture and tell us about that lower
part ; is that meant to be an outside or bottom cell ?

Mr. France— This is supposed to represent, as if I had
cut away the upper side, showing ju?t the lower, here being
the lower, and this the extreme bottom of the wall [indicat-

Dr. Miller— The upper part, as it stands there, is the
mouth of the cell ?

Mr. France — Yes, sir.

Dr. Miller— So that the mouth of the cell is lower down 7

Mr. France— I tried to illustrate it in this form, but
can not make a good drawing.

Dr. Miller— The point in it is, is that turned-up head
the bottom of the cell or mouth ?

Mr. France— Yes, the lower side-wall near the front
end, as if this were the cell [indicating]. lean touch it
almost the moment I touch the cell.

Question— The septum in that case is away back ?

Answer — Yes. ( Continued next week. )

Contributed Articles. \

A Plan for Prevention of Swarming.

BV I,. STACHKr,H.4USKN.

DR. C. C. MILLER:— I just received from Chicago your
pretty book, " Forty Years Among the Bees," and com-
menced at once to read it and I am delighted with the
many practical hints it contains.

It seems to me you are still misunderstanding my plan
of preventing swarms — and perhaps a " certain editor " is
to blame, who talked of forced and "shook" swarms in
combination with my plan. What you say (on pages 173
and 174 of your book) is certainly true for these forced
swarms, but not for my plan. You say : "There are thous-
ands of prospective bees in the brood taken away." That
is the reason I unite these bees, hatching from the brood
taken away, as soon as they are of any value to the main
colony. Certainly the young bees do honsework, but in the
main colony (forced swarm) is at first none or very few
brood ; as soon as the young bees are employed in the 6ther
hive with nursing the brood ; as soon as young bees are
needed in the main colony they can be given by brushing
off some of the combs. That will not cause swarming, as
long as there is no surplus of young bees compared with the
open brood (Gerstung theory).

Another explanation : I see, page 113, you have ob-
served the advantages of large hives for development in the
spring. An 8-frame hive is entirely too small for this pur-
pose, consequently you give two stories as soon as needed ;
but these two stories are not practical for comb-honey pro-
duction, so you crowd the bees and 8 brood-combs again
into one story, when the honey-flow commences (page 130).
You take away 1, 2 or more brood-combs and at some cir-
cumstances some bees, too. I think that is weakening the
colony considerable, and your colony is now in just such a
condition that the swarming-fever is induced, because the
queen has not enough empty cells to lay eggs in them.

I, too, use very large hives in the spring. When the
honey-flow commences I crowd the bees into a small brood-
chamber without brood, and give the supers. Now comes
my invention :

By using the Heddon plan to prevent after-swarms, the
bees, which hatched from the brood taken away, are united
with this colony as soon as they really do field-work, that is,
as they fly. Every single bee of the colony, in whatever
stage she may be, is used in this colony, as soon as she can
be useful, and the egg-laying of the queen is interrupted
very little.

You say that with you a colony, which shows no desire
to swarm, will give more surplus than one in which swarm-
ing is prevented in some way. This is not so in my locality
I have no trouble at all with colonies swarming during the
honey-flow, but I never could get satisfactory crops of comb
honey from an old colony with a brood-chamber as large or
larger than a 10-frame hive. Swarms hived just at the be-
ginning of the honey-flow have given me the most surplus
honey. But they have the disadvantage, that they are
getting weaker every day ; but that is easy to overcome.
Let the brood hatch in another hive outside of the swarm,
and unite with the swarm as soora as they can be useful.

A main advantage of my plan is, that no queen must be
hunted up. The whole manipulation does not take much
time, and can be done when convenient. I do not think a
simpler and better plan could be invented.

I used this plan the first time about five years ago ; for
two years I have not produced any section-honey, because
here bulk-comb honey pays better. Othsrwise I would
probably have tried a few variations. For instance, the
automatic plan of uniting, as recommended by F. L. Thomp-
son, in the Progressive Bee-Keeper, seems worth trying.
Another plan proposed by M. R. Kuehne, California, in a
letter to me, I will try this year. A colony is shaken on
starters and the sections given ; on top of them is laid a
board with an opening closed by a double wire screen (as
the Root's use for getting queens fertilized over full colo-
nies); the brood-combs, with enough bees to protect them,
are set in a story over this wire screen. Now these bees in
the upper story can rear a queen. I would give them a ripe
queen-cell, and as soon as this queen is fertilized and lay-

246

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

ing-, the wire screen is removed and the two queens can
fight it out. It is probable that the young queen will kill
the old one. If the colony in the upper story should get too
strong, some of the bees can be brushed from the combs in
front of the lower hive at any time.

If you prefer not to manipulate the colonies except they
have queen-cells, you can wait till the iirst cell is capped,
but then it is time to manipulate the colony. I thought it
too much work to examine so many colonies every 10 days.

I hope that you will think better now about this plan.
Bexar Co., Texas.

[Accompanying the foregoing was this from Dr. Miller,
to whom Mr. Stachelhausen wrote the above : — Editor.]

Mr. Editor: — One always runs some risk of misrepre-
senting when trying to describe something with which one
is not entirely familiar, and so, when trying to tell what
my good friend, L. Stachelhausen, is in the habit of doing,
it is not so very strange that I did not speak entirely " by
the book." His letter of correction, although not intended
for publication, is so full of interest to bee-keepers in gen-
eral, that I take pleasure in sending it to you that it may
have a larger reading. C. C. MillER.

An Overdose of Feeding— Use of Drones.

BY C. P. DADANT.

AFTER writing the article about feeding bees in the
spring, which appeared on page 149, I showed it to a

friend, who read it with interest, and said to me :
"Good. I'll follow these instructions myself. It is an ex-
cellent system."

A few days later my friend came to me with a com-
plaint. The feeding had not turned out satisfactorily, and
his bees were in an uproar. So we went to his apiary and I
soon discovered that one of the colonies which had been fed
was being robbed. We carried it away, and as the weather
cooled off suddenly, we were soon able to open it and dis-
cover its condition. It was a very weak colony, covering
only two comb-spaces, and the can-feeder which he had used
had been placed over a comb two rows away from the clus-
ter. A little honey had dripped to the floor, and as the hive
was slanting considerably forward, the honey had run out
of the entrance. The robber-bees had found this and had
begun pillaging this hive. There was but little to do, the
colony being so weak.

This is in line with some remarks that I have made pre-
viously. The beginner cannot be too careful how he feeds.
Good, average or strong colonies, when fed, take possession
of the food at once. They store it in their cells, and al-
though it creates an excitement among them, this soon sub-
sides, especially if the feed is given at night right over or
close to the cluster. Whether a can feeder is used, or a
frame feeder, or a trough over the bees, or a simple dish in
the cap, the warning must be the same.

Feed your bees where they can get at it immediately
even if the weather is cool. Do not feed aqueenless colony,
or a colony that is too weak to rear brood. If a colony is
weak but sufficiently strong to rear brood, it may be fed
very successfully and helped along, if the feed is given
it properly in the right amount and in the right place. The
smaller the cluster, the less the amount of feed to be given
at one time. Do not use an entrance feeder, as you will have
to close that colony to make sure that the bees of a stronger
will not help themselves at the same time and overpower
them. If you keep it closed you are apt to forget it, or to
open it too early or too late.

Let your feeding be done so the bees may get the nour-
ishment in the warm part of the cluster. To feed the weak
colony near the entrance or in too large a quantity is equiv-
alent to feeding your newly hatched chicks in the same
yard with the grown-up fowls. They will get next to noth-
ing. It is even a worse practice with the bees than with the
fowls, because the little chickens are fed from day to day,
and you do not expect them to store away any of the feed
except in their crops. But your bees are fed for future use,
and you must not place them in a position in which the big-
g'er colony may take away from them that which you know
they will need for themselves.

All colonies that are worth retaining may be fed safely
if the correct amount is given them in the proper place and
at the proper time. Evening is always the best time to
feed, because the night will give them time to store away
out of reach of the neighbors and close to the cluster the
supply furnished. They also get over the natural excite-

ment caused by the finding of food. But when all colonies
are fed, the strongones at once begin to send out scouts that
lurk about all the unguarded spots and soon find and carry
away that which is not sufficiently defended against their
depredations.

The lyord & Thomas Advertising Agency have spread
over the commercial world a motto which we may well par-
ody. They say, " Advertise judiciously." It is not all to
spend money for advertising — that money must be spent
"judiciously," or the result will be negative, and you will
have cause to blame yourself for your bad luck. So it is
with feeding bees, and we may well repeat, when the bees
are in need of help, feed your hees judiciously.

USE OR USELESSNESS OF DRONES.

The point made on the use, or rather the uselessness, of
drones is well taken (page 195). Those French or German
writers, who support the idea of their usefulness because of
the warmth they produce are all disciples of the old school.
If drones produce heat, it has taken heat to rear them, and
the heat and food used in rearing them would have produced
worker-bees that are just as able to keep up the warmth of
the hive as the drones are. The workers are small, it is
true, but they take less room to rear, and consume less
honey, and, when they are reared, if they happen to be
needed in the field, they can turn out, and do turn out, and
put in their time harvesting honey ; while a drone is a
drone till he is exterminated by the active laborers, after
having consumed a goodly portion of the surplus of the col-
ony.

In a state of domesticity we need drones only in a few
of the best colonies, and it is a mistake to allow them to be
reared in every colony as plentifully as the bees would
ilaturally do it. Hancock Co., 111.

Does Much Egg-Laying Shorten a Queen's
Life?

BY DR. E. GALLUP.

NOW let us look into the theory that many writers ad-
vance, that if a queen lays too much she shortens her
life, and will lay herself to death before her time
comes, or she will empty her spermatheca and become a
drone-layer early in her life.

We will take for an illustration one of the best milking
breeds of cows. In order to produce the largest flow of milk,
and the richest, all depends upon the amount and quality of
her food, good care, etc. Now, do you believe that by extra
care, feed, etc., to keep up the greatest possible flow of milk,
her life is shortened ? If you do, I do not. Neither do I be-
lieve the milk extracts from her vitality, but it is manufac-
tured from the food she is fed.

Now, we will come back to the queen. In a normal or
naturally large colony, and a good flow of forage, the nurse-
bees prepare her food, it is predigested by the nurse-bees,
and of the richest kind. They are constantly ofi'ering it to
her, and during the height of her laying she is constantly
accepting it. It is estimated that she lays more than her
actual weight in eggs every 24 hours. And are those eggs
manufactured by extracting the material from her body, or
are they manufactured from the amount of the material or
quality that she is fed on ? And suppose the flow of forage
continues constantly for six months, more or less, accord-
ing to atmospheric or climatic condition, and we give her
abundant room to deposit eggs, and an abundance of bees
to keep up the necessary warmth, she can and will keep on
egg-laying. What are you going to do about it ? That is
the question.

Why, if you are afraid she is going to lay herself to
death, you can easily stop her laying by withholding her
food.

In close observation of my long-lived and prolific
queens, none of them diminished their egg-laying perceptibly
until they were superseded, and not one of them, so far as I
observed, became a drone-layer, as I did not allow drone-
comb in their hives, and they were extra-prolific. My ex-
perience has been that all such extra-large colonies supersede
their queens before I can see any sign of failure. In two
cases the queens were superseded in the fall,' and both
mother and daughter wintered together, and both kept on
laying until the following June. I have often wondered if
after one impregnation the spermatozoa did not keep on in-
creasing and multiplying in the spermatheca so as to keep
up the snpply. But, when we consider that the sac may

April 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

247

contain millions of germs in an extra-large queen, as the
sac is certainly larger than in one of those small, degener-
ated queens, it can be accounted for, as we certainly know
that there are lots of them that become drone-layers tlie
first or second season, and I never have seen spring dwind-
ling vfith long-lived queens and long-lived workers.

The first colony of bees I ever purchased was when I
was 15 years old. It was in an old-fashioned straw skep, as
they were called then. I had bees before, given me by my
aunt. I paid S7.50 for the straw-hive colony — an extra price
because it was the old lady's lucky colony. You see I pur-
chased her luck. I was bound to start right.

The hive contained about the same number of cubic
feet or inches as a double 10-frame Langstroth hive. That
was in Canada, 65 miles north of Vermont. They were
kept in an open shed, built on purpose, facing the southwest.
Our winters were long and cold, yet that colony wintered
perfectly every winter — no dead bees on the bottom-boards.
They came out as strong in the spring as they went in in
the fall — no dysentery and no spring dwindling ; all the
comb was worker, except a very small piece of drone-comb
in one side of the hive, about the size of my hand.

I always had one or more swarms from that colony, and
usually a 20-pound box of honey in a season, and all the
queens from that colony were of the large, long-lived variety,
and verj' prolific. Of course, neither Gallup nor Alley ever
monkeyed with them in the rearing or introducing of them,
so there was nothing unnatural about them.

I saw my first queen from that colony — they were called
"kings" in those days. I was taught by my aunt to ring
bells, rattle old tin pans, etc., to make them cluster, then
spread a white sheet in front of the hive, shake the bees on
the sheet and watch them run in, and so I saw my first
queen. She looked extra-large to my eyes at that time.
How long they had been kept in that hive and reared in
that comb I had no means of knowing, but this I do know,
the combs became so full of cocoons that the bees became
mere dwarfs and ceased to swarm or produce any profit
whatever, and finally " went up the spout." Ever since
that experience I do not keep old black combs for breeding.
Of course, some writers claim that the age of the comb
makes no difl^erence in the size of the workers, but they are
grandly mistaken. I know better.

Several writers are afraid there will be no limit to the
size of the hives or queens, but there is, all the same. I
have found that the 2-story Langstroth 10-frame hive is
about the safe limit, as to size of hive, or one-story 20-frame
hive for experimenting with. Now, the reason 1 have
recommended queens reared in such a hive, and by natural
swarming is, that I know that queens thus reared have the
umbilical cord attachment, and I am not certain that queens
reared by any other method do have that attachment, al-
though we comply with all other requirements, such as
abundance of nourishment, warmth, etc. That queens are
reared with that attachment is a positive fact. You chaps
that deny this, bring to my mind an old story in my life
that I must tell now.

I was attending the County Fair at Ripon, Wis., and, of
course, as usual, had quite a crowd around me listening to
me talking bees, and among the crowd were' two old gray-
headed gentlemen, who showed by their actions and looks
that they did not believe all my " yarns." Finally one of
them spoke up and said ;

"Look here, young man ; I am an old man, have kept
bees for years, my father kept bees for years, and my grand-
father before us kept bees for years, and none of us ever
saw such a bee as yon describe ; therefore I know there is no
such a bee in a hive."

So you can see how easily a person can be mistaken.
Because you have not seen the umbilical cord, and no scien-
tist has ever made the discovery, yo-i think your argument
is on a solid foundation. Any person can demonstrate this,
but not by looking for it on queens improperly reared.

Why is it that so many queens sent out do extra well the
first season, but fail entirely the second season ?

Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 28, 1902.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, .md
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of Sl.OO
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Our Bee-KeeDing Sisters \

Conducted bu EMIttn M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Dimensions of a 10-Frame Hive.

What are the inside dimensions of the Langstroth 10-
frame hive ? We have started with one colony, and would
like to make our own hives until we can get enough colonies
so that we can get five at a time.

Union Co., S. Dak. Mrs. George S. Eddy.

Answer. — 18,'4 inches long, \\]i wide, and 9Ji deep.

Lotion to Wliiten the Skin.

A lotion to whiten the skin is made by combining four
ounces of extracted honey, one ounce glycerine, one ounce
rosewater, three drams citric acid, and six drops of the
essence of ambergris. Apply a little to the face and hands
two or three times a week, using a linen pad for the pur-
pose.— Chicago Daily News.

Clarified Honey for Brilliantine.

On page 152, I saw a recipe for brilliantine for the hair,
and as I am not sure what is meant by clarified honey, will
you please tell me ? I shall be grateful, as I have been
looking for something of the kind for some time.

Montezuma Co., Colo. Mrs. Olive George.

Answer. — The recipe that you mention is not mine, but
one copied from the "Health and Beauty " department of
the Chicago Daily News. What is meant, I think, is a good
quality of extracted honey.

Overstocking- a Locality with Bees.

I notice on page 167, the answer to Mrs. E. K. Hoffman's
inquiry as to how to get into beekeeping, and the statement
that if the ground was fully occupied by other bee-keepers
it would be trespassing to start another apiary.

I am inclined to the opinion that that is putting it a
trifle strong. I would say it would be discourteous, and
unkind, and unprofitable in the end. But no worse than to
start a grocery store on a street that was fully occupied,
which happens quite often.

I kept bees in an alfalfa district last season, and it is
my opinion that there is very little danger of overstocking
an alfalfa district.

The American Bee Journal is very much appreciated
and carefully read by me. B. F. L.

If there is no danger of overstocking an alfalfa district,
then there is no need of any further talk on the subject, but
the actual fact is that some of the bee-keepers in the alfalfa
districts of Colorado are complaining that already their
districts are overstocked.

It does not seem to me that the case of the grocer is a
parallel one, although, perhaps, most people who have not
given the subject much thought would agree with you.

In the first place, there is this radical difference : If
.several men occupy the same field with bees, each man will
get his share of the pasturage in proportion to the number
of colonies he has, while the grocery trade is by no means
in proportion to the capital — the hustler may outsell his
competitor with double the capital.

Suppose there are five grocers in one place, fully occu-
pying the ground and doing all the business ; and a sixth
one starts a store. Now, there are three things possible :

1st. Those five grocers already in the field may be able
to hold their trade in spite of the interloper, and he may get
nothing to do, and be obliged to quit the field.

2d. The new man may be such a hustler that he will
entice some of the others, and so get his share, thus reduc-
ing the trade of the others.

3d. There may be extra exertion on the part of all, and
they may reach out to more distant points ii -. easing the

248

THE AMERICAN BEE . JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

total business so that although the new man gets a share
the old ones will do as much business as ever.

Neither of these three cases will be entirely the same
in bee-keeping. The first case is entirely impossible, for
the new comer will get his pro rata portion of the nectar in
spite of any effort on the part of the others.

Something like the second case may happen, but there
is this great difference ; The encroaching grocer is at a
disadvantage, for the others have the advantage of an
established trade, and it is not the placing of his capital
there that gets him his trade, while the old established bee-
keepers have no advantage, and the new man is sure of his
share of the trade (nectar) merely by placing his capital
(colonies). The third case is utterly impossible in bee-
keeping, for the bees can only forage within a fixed limit.

The case of the stock-raiser would be a more parallel
one. If a stock-raiser had a field fully occupied, and
another man should come and dump into that field a bunch
of cattle to be fed, he would be much like an interloping
bee-keeper. But the stock-raiser may have a legal claim to
the ground, while the bee-keeper has only the moral claim
of priority.

Truth compels me to say that these views are not origi-
nal, but obtained from one who has given the matter much
thought.

A Beg-innep's Troubles and Questions.

This is a nice country for bees, and we bought 7 colo-
nies last spring. We had good luck in getting nearly all
the swarms, but as we did not know anything about bees
we did not take care of them as we should, although we
tried our best, and now we are losing our bees, which is
quite a loss to us in our circumstances, just commencing in
a new country.

The bees did quite well in the summer, considering the
cool weather we had. We put 20 colonies away last fall —
heavy colonies — but not knowing about feeding bees, as
now we have found out in reading the American Bee Jour-
nal, our bees did not have proper attention. As there is no
one near that we can find out anything about bees from, I
thought perhaps you would be kind enough to answer some
questions, and maybe we could save enough of our bees to
start with in the spring.

We had intended buying our hives and supplies soon,
but it begins to look as though we will not need them. If
we lose all our bees we will not be able to start again this
year, and it discourages us very much. We intend to build
this summer, and would have a good cellar another year for
them. I suppose the place we have for them is not proper,
but we heard of a bee-keeper in southern Minnesota that
had this kind of a place. It is a house double-boarded, tar
paper between. It is dark in there ; we have the bees tiered
one hive upon the other.

We tried to get some Porto Rico sugar, as given in "A
B C of Bee-Culture," but we could not get it, so we are using
light brown, and 2 colonies have died since we commenced
feeding them. They are all short of stores, and others are
getting smaller. We also lost 2 colonies that had plenty of
honey, so we do not know the reason. We have lost 5 colo-
nies already, and I am afraid, from the way they look now,
that we will lose them all. Do you think it would be better
to build a shed and leave the south side open so the sun can
shine on them ?

Would granulated sugar be best to feed them ? We
followed the directions given in the " A B C of Bee-Cul-
ture " for early spring feeding. The bees seem to like it ;
it forms a syrup, but perhaps that is not best to use.

We think we are through with the coldest weather now,
and if we could only save enough bees to start again I
should be glad, and would try to learn more about them.

I thought perhaps you would tell us something about
what would help us. I don't know where else to get infor-
mation. We made our hiveS last summer. Also let me
know something about feeding. Would old cloths be all
right to put over the brood-nest to keep the bees warm ?
You know our hives are different from yours. We haven't
the quilts in ours.

Could we put some colonies together, as some have
died, and there is only a small colony left 7

How about the queens if we try to unite?

We have had some warm days this winter, and I
thought perhaps we could unite some and feed. We have
no honey to feed them.

You will see by my letter we are very ignorant as to
how to take care of bees, but I hope we may improve.

Mrs. C. G. Ckuickshank.
Crow Wing Co., Minn., Jan. 20.

A repository above ground, closed as yours, is not a
good place generally, neither is a shed facing south as you
propose, unless the bees are packed on all sides excepting
the south. But it will not be best to make any change
until there comes a day warm enough for the bees to fly.
On a still day with the sun shining they will fly when the
thermometer is no higher than 50 degrees. It is now get-
ting along toward spring so close that it is possible that all
that will be necessary will be to set them out the first day
they can fly and leave them out, but it will be much better
to give them some protection, if it be nothing more than to
pile corn-stalks about the hives.

I am glad you have a text-book to consult, but I think
if you will look again you will find that it advises granu-
lated sugar for feeding. Neither is sprinu feeding, but win-
ter feeding the thing for you. Spring feeding is not to be
considered until bees can at least fly every few days. I
think your text-book will tell you that you should not feed
syrup of any kind in winter, but candy made of granulated
sugar. If this is made in frames, or in cakes and laid on
top of the frames covered up warmly, you will have done
the best thing you can for your bees, so far as can be judged
from what you have written.

The "Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Qlasges.
By B. E. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

METHOD OF STARTING QUEBNS IN AN UPPER STORY.

So far as words and names go, Stachelhausen's method
of starting queens in an upper story is a sort of a swindle.
His upper story is on the bottom-board, and the queen and
main colony elsewhere at the time. Practically, however,
I guess he lias a splendid idea — take the bottom story en-
tirely away for one day, and thin bring it back. All pro-
tracted monkeying on the part of the keeper, and waste of
time on the part of the bees, are thus shut off, and you know
your cells are being started. Yet the advantages of rearing
queens above an excluder are kept, most of them. I did not
know the plan of getting the queen fertilized from the
upper story was abandoned, and was a little surprised to
hear Mr. S. say so.

Interesting to see that Stachelhausen thinks the larva?
usually taken for the Doolittle method are not young
enough for the very best results — would sooner take them
an hour or two before they hatch than to wait many hours
after. And so, perhaps, it is a good plan to repeat this
sentence of his :

" After trying all the different methods I went back to
the Alley strips— and can't help believing that if the arti-
ficial cell-cups are preferred it is merely a case of fashion."
Page 151.

HONHY FOR S%VKETBNING FRUITS.

Mrs. J. L,. Strong finds the sweet of honey harmonizes
well with most fruits, but that apples are an exception.
Kind o' seems to me I have had occasion some time to
notice that honey and apple-sauce made a bad combination.
Unless somebody comes forward to report success in sweet-
ening apples, let that stand for the present as disapproved.
Page 152.

CONSUMPTION OF STORES IN WINTER.

On page 158, H. B. Stumpe's experiment is instructive.
A good colony taken out to fly in winter used up eight
pounds of food in the one month next succeeding, while the
others used only seven pounds in all winter. Presumably
this extra eating was caused by extra brood-rearing — and
that is undesirable in the cellar. The widely different re-
sults of winter flight seem to be explainable on this line.
Sometimes it has no effect but the good ones of airing and
drying both begs and hive, stopping the worrying, and
giving the bees a chance to empty their bowels. Soinetimes,
in addition to these good things, a great lot of brood gets
started, and soon the bees are in a worse condition than
before.

April 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

249

USING THB SMOKER— FEEDING A NATURAL SWAK.M.

And SO with G. B. Williamson's style of fuel and smoker,
one smoker full will last half a day if you don't use it inuiti.
Some of us use our smokers.

Natural swarming is indeed good practice; but if vou
set it down that natural swarms never have to be fed you'll
get badly left some time. "Left" is the exact word. A
hungry swarm hangs together almost winter-cluster style
for a good, long spell, and then seizes the first bright, warm
hour to leave the ranch. Page 156.

A MODERN ENTHUSIAST — NUMBERING QUEENS.

So many have grown staid and half-way cold that it is
delightful to read once more a genuine, intelligent enthu-
siast. This is anent William W. Green and his apiary,
pages 161 and 162. His report of the Cyprio-Carniolan cross
is worth its place, certainly. How nice it would be if the
qualities of a first cross would only stay so, instead of
getting "every which way " with succeeding generations!

Having the hive-number belong to the queen and travel
around with her is nice — in some respects — not nice to have
numbers die. as queens eventually must. And for big api-
ary and cold heart it wouldn't do at all. The maxim that
" figures can not lie " would get all battered up.

\ RECORD ON INCREASE.

Sixty-five colonies against his will, and no bees or
queen to make them of but one wandering swarm, is quite
a record — a record which Mr. Peter Gallee may hold until
somebody calls " Sixty-six I" on him. Page 162.

THE DIAMONDS DIDN'T SPARKLE.

But Mr. G. H.Wells couldn't get his bright, red diamonds,
with black figures inclosed, to impress their prettiness on
us in the picture. Never mind, Mr. W., we know they are
pretty — and also impress you with a sort of mj'-own-ness,
which is a good thing to have. Page 161.

THE "VIRGIN" .\PIARY.

The three modern hives and one old memento of C. W.
Virgin constitute the most restful and rural view of the four.
The grove looks almost like a natural forest. Nothing says,
" Hustle 1" nothing says, " Crowding here 1" Page Ibl.

CONDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. MILLEie, SlareDgo, HI,

[The Qaestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by maiL— Editor.1

Colony Left the Hive.

I had a swarm of bees come out to-day, or left the hive. I had
been feeding more or less for the last two months. There were no
jounj; bees in the brood-ehamber, or sealed brood. What was the
trouble with them* lama beginner, having kept two or threecolo-
nies tor the last two years. Iowa.

Answer. — Possibly it was a hunger swarm, the bees leaving the
hive because they had nothing to eat. Sometimes, however, tbey
leave the hive when there seems no way of accounting for it except
pure cussedness.

Using Hives Where Bees Died-Spraying Fruit-Trees.

1. I have lost 0 colonies of bees ibis winter. Will it do for me lo
put new swarms in the combs of the hives again, when they swarm
this summer; '

•J. A man living a mile from where I do is going to spray his
apple-trees with Paris green this spring. Will my bees bring it huiiie
to their hives J New Hampshire.

Answers. — 1. Yes, it will be all right.

■-'. If fruit-trees are abundant, your bees may not go so far. li
scarce they will be likely to visit ihose trees when in bloom, and if lie
should spray during bloom it would mean death to the bees. Bui if
he is an up-to-dale fruit-grower lie will spray only before and after
bloom. The experiment slatiuns have dearly settled that spraying
during bloom is a damage to the fruit Crop, and in several States ii is
against the law to spray during bloom.

Burr and Brace Combs- Telescopic Hive-Covers.

1. I am only a beginner, having: 3 colonies in Dan/.enbaker hives.
One has built burr and brace combs until I dread opening the hive.
Would there be any danger of chilling the brood if I were to drum
them into another story, after settled warm weather is here, putting a
queen-excluder in to keep the riueen above!

■J. Would full sheets, starters, or old comb be better for their new
place! I would prefer to have them build new comb, because the old
comb is crooked Uaken from a box-hive), and naturally leads them
inio bad habits of ooinb-buikling.

3. I have some telescopic covers. . Is it necessary to have more
than the thin super-covers it they are used, or is a heavy cover, Koot's
E or F, required also! Maryland.

Answers. — 1. There would be no danger of chilling the brood,
and it might work all right and it might not. I knew one case ia
which the queen staid over the excluder two or three weeks and never
laid an egg. Put the qufeen and the new story under the excluder.

2. Full sheets.

8. With a telescopic cover the thin super-cover is all that is needed.

Transferring-Getting Bees Out of an Old House.

1 . Can bees be transferred at this season of the year ( March 30) ?

2. How can it be done to the best advantage!

3. How does Mississippi rank as a honey-producing State!

i. How can bees be gotten out of the loft of an old house! Can
they be driven out with smoke? Mississippi.

Answers. — 1. Yes, any time when it is warm enough. Much
transferring is done in time of fruit-bloom, which is much earlier, of
course, in Mississippi than in the colder North.

2. I don't know of anything different from the instructions laid
down in the books. But it might be better lo wait till 21 days after
the issuing of a prime swarm.

3. I have no definite knowledge about it. ■

4. It depends upon position, etc. It where you can readily reach
them, smoke enough to quiet them, and then cut out the combs.

Keeping Bees In a House Room.

I have a room in the second story about 10 by 12 feet, with one
window. By opening the window about 6 inches, and tacking sheet-
ing over the remainder of the window, could I keep colonies of bees in
the room ! a,nd would they go to and from the room and be able to
locate their own hive on returning! I am living in the city, and want
to accommodate 10 colonies that way, if possible. Illinois.

Answer.— I'm afraid your plan wouldn't work satisfactorily.
Bees cannot see as well as you, and with so little light they would
hardly find their hives, especially when cloudy. It might do it you
should leave the whole window entirely open, with an awning to keep
out rain. Or you could have holes through the wall to each hive.

Cutting Out Drone-Comto— Moldy Drawn Comb.

1. If I go over each colony and cut out the drone-comb, will the
bees build worker-comb in the space, if it is done when 1 put them out?

2. I have several frames of drawn comb that are moldy, and have
quite a lot of dead t)ees in. Will the bees clean them out' and when
and how is the best time to have it done! Minnesota.

Answers.— 1. They will be nearly sure to fill in drone-comb. Fill
in the holes with patches of worker-comb.

3. They'll clean 'etu up all right. Give them wherever needed,
and if you have no immediate use for them do this way ; Put them itt
a hive-body and set under a good colony, so the bees must pass through
them in going in and out, and the bees will clean them. Do it any
time.

Bees that Allow Robbing.

What can be done with bees that allow themselves to be robbed
without making any resistance to the robbers? I have several colonies
every spring destroyed in this way. They just work away and pay no
attention to the robbers, even right through the fruit-bloom. They
do not seem to distinguish the robbers from their own bees, or else do
not care, I have tried everything I know, and without avail. The
bees are not queenless. Pennsylvania.

Answer.— I have never had any experience in this line, and don't
know what can be done. But others have reported the same difliculty.
and some one may be able to give the remedy; so the question is
referred to the constituency.

Transferring Bees— Using Sun Wax-Extractors.

I began the bee-business in August, 1902. I bought over 30 colo-
nies in boxes. I have lost 7 by starving, or at least 5 by starving and
2 by moths. My bees that were able to be robbed last year are all
right now; they are gathering in pollen by the wholesale. I tried
transferring one colony yesterday morning. 1 fed them with some
others which I am feeding, and theu in the evening I drummed them

250

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

in a frame hive. They seem to be all right to-day. I thought I would
feed them for awhile and let them go. The fruit is just beginning to
ibloom here, and so I thought I would try that one to see how it
worked, and it worlsed lilce a charm. I have 7 others to transfer.

1. Do you think it advisable to transfer the balance of them at
present (March 22), or wait until April?

2. Do you think the bees will starve after they begin to bring in
pollen *

3. Do you think it is a good idea to fill a sun wax-extractor full,
or just put in a little comb at a time? It is 12 inches high, glass top,
you know. Tennessee.

Answers. — 1. Now is a good time to transfer, while fruit is in
bloom ; but it may be still better to transfer each colony 21 days after
it swarms.

2. Generally not, but sometimes there comes a dearth, when they
must be fed or starve.

3. If there are no combs that have been bred in, you can fill up,
but if you put anything over an old comb the cocoons will hold the
■wax like little cups.

< ■ »

Bees Standing on Heads— Frames Bee-Glued.

1. What is the matter with my bees? They seem to stand on their
heads, and roar around the entrance.

2. What shall I do when frames are glued together? My frames
are Hoffman frames, and are glued tight to the excluder, so that it
breaks and tears up the frames to get them loose. Texas.

Answers. — 1. They are probably ventilating, making their wings
■move lively, so as to change the air in the hive.

2. Pry up the excluder carefully, starting it at different places,
and then scrape off the burr-combs. Then don't let them go so long
without cleaning again. You see it takes time to get in such bad con-
dition, and likely you have not cleaned them off for several years.

No Italian Blood In Ttietti.

Is there any Italian in
New Jersey.

I enclose six honey-bees, the kind I keep,
them ; If not, what are they '

Answer. — The bees received are of the kind called smashed bees.
Before they were smashed I think they were black bees, with no Ital-
ian blood in them. It would he easier to tell if they had been sent in
:a tin or wooden box, or in a block with a hole bored in it.

Shipping Nuclei— Bees Building Comb.

1. I have a customer who wants a queen and nucleus. How shall I
send them? Are there cages for that purpose?

3. What is most profitable, full sheets of foundation or starters?
■Some say the bees produce so much wax when they are building comb,
even if we furnish them old couib or foundation. How is this?

Idaho.

Answers. — 1. The usual way is to make a cheap affair in the form
of a hive large enough to take three or four frames, well provided with
wire-cloth, the frames when received to be put in full-sized hives. 1
do not keep anything for the purpose.

3. For most persons I believe full sheets are best. I always use

them. Some wax may be secreted when not needed, but not a great
deal. If the demand had nothing to do with the supply, we ought to
find scales of wax to the amount of several ounces under a swarm
hived on full combs, whereas you will find little difference in the
amount of these scales whether full combs or empty frames are used.
3. You will find Miller queen-cages on the price-lists of supply
dealers, but these are not the improved Miller cages described on page
2-16 of " Forty Years Among the Bees." I consider the improved de-
cidedly better ; but others may not think so.

Keeping Down Increase— Rearing Queens.

1. I have 5 colonies of bees, and do not wish to increase. What
would be the effect if I should leave on the entrance-guard all the sea-
son? Would the bees kill the queen after repeated efforts to
swarm ?

2. How long would it be safe to keep the young queen confined *

3. Would she be apt to lead off a swarm when she took her fiight
to meet the drone*

4. Would the plan prevent the bees from absconding!
b. Can I rear a good queen in a small nucleus by giving plenty of
bees and cells that are started in a strong colony, say cells 13 days old?

Wisconsin.
Answers. — 1. Yes, they'd kill her.

2. Till you hear no more piping.

3. No more than in usual cases.

4. Yes, if you have only one colony; but with numbers there will
be doubling up, going into wrong hives, and other troubles. I tried
the plan thoroughly and it's bad.

5. Yes.

Queen-Cells In February- Poul aud Chilled Brood
—Unfinished Sections.

1. February 24 I opened a hive in which I thought the bees were
starving, and upon examination I found it had 3 capped queen-cells.
This colony had a queen in the fall. What is the cause Of these
queen-cells appearing at this time?

2. What is the cause of bees crawling in the cells of the brood-
frames and dying * They seem to be all right in every other way.

3. Would it be safe to let them keep these combs, or give them
clean ones?

4. Last year I was bothered with black spiders and moth. Do
they come back every year? What is the best way to get rid of them *

5. How can a person tell the difference between foul brood and
chilled brood? I can find nothing regarding chilled brood in the text-
books.

6. I have some unfinished comb in sections that are partly filled.
Would it be safe to let the bees finish these? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. Some accident might have happened to the queen
after you saw her in the fall, or the queen may be played out.

2. Likely they were caught by the cold away from the cluster.

3. The bees will clean them.

4. Yes, you will find them faithful in their visits. Try to have no
lurking places for the spiders, and have your colonies so strong that
the bees will clear out the moths. Italians are much better than
blacks to keep out moths.

5. Chilled brood doesn't string out like foul brood.

6. The honey will not be so good in them.

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
ag-ed Clark and Biag-ham Bee-Smokers, which
pot a little damp and soiled at the time of the
5re in the buildiag where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as good as new.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 5? cents each; some of the
Large Bingham- new at 65 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham — new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

1*4 & 146 E. Erie Street.

CHICAGO, ILL.

55 Best Queen o!Sixtu-tive 55

IVIR. AlLE

Bellb Plaine, Mi>

1 have a queen receiv ed from you in 1<110. Her
bees are tbe best hodey-^athei ers of an apiary
of 65 colonies in which are queens from different
breeders— natural queens, as Dr. Gallup cjlls
them. The Adel queen is the best of ihe lot.
C. J. Oldenbkkg.
P rice List now ready. H. ALLEY.

16A4t Wenham, Mass.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Wintered Well.

Out of 159 colonies of bees put into the
cellar last fall I have found 4 dead. The
others seem to be in fine condition. I have 12
colonies packed outside which have not tieeu
inspected. 11. W. Cornelison.

Washburn Co., Wis., March 21.

Bee-Keeping in Florida.

Bees in this locality are usually kept in a
very primitive way. March 20 I visited an
apiary of 30 colonies, located in a persimmon
grove, on fine Bermuda sod, and surrounded
with a picket fence. But the hives — not
worthy of the name — hollow logs with a board
on top. I told the owner that if I were the
bees I would not work in such things. The
bees were very diminutive blacks.

I went with a party, in a sail-boat, who
went there to purchase honey. The apiarist
had no comb honey, but thick strained honey
which he sold for 75 cents per gallon, or 20
cents per quart. He took no bee-paper, but
had often thought of getting patent hives.
A species of wild sage was blooming very

Rumely Engines

both as to traction and ijeneratinp and supplyinij pow
typical of all that is best for thresheniien. They are rear
geared , pears are of steel, cross heads and slides are protected
from dust, they are free from all trappy devices. Single or
double cylinders, burn wood or coal, or direct fluefor burn-
ing straw. Fit companions in the threshing field for the fa-
mous New Rumely Separators. Free catalogue de-
scribes all. -Write ft.r it.

^ M. RUMELY CO.. La Porto, Indiana.

Vlease mentv

Bee .lournal -when writinfi:

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

■■ow be.

lUrgeprotito. Emay work. We furnish capital. Send
' 10 centA for full line of samples and partlcutars.

_ DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chlca^, Ills,

rlease ■nentlon Bee Journal ■when ■writiugi

April 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

251

abundantly all around in the vicinity of this
apiary, and tlie owner said that it was tine tor
bees. There are luany resources for honey ;
■during March, yellow jessamine, ti-ti, sajje,
fruit-blooiu of many kinds.

The most of the people living on home-
steads in the piney woods keep a few colonies
in log gums. On my asking them if they had
much honey last year, they invariably
answered, " I have not robbed them yet; we
don't care for honey; prefer syrup."

From my observations I think bees con-
sume more honey in this climate than in a
cold one. They work all winter, carrying pol-
len and a little honey, and are usually cross.
What they store during the spring flow is con-
sumed during drouths in summer. I am often
told, " My bees all starved during the drouth
last summer,'" or, " The moth ale them up."
So the winter of their discontent is not Ijy
freezing, but the opposite — heat and lack of
moisture.

An intelligent bee-keeper, who lives on the
St. Johns river, told me that the best locali-
ties in the South for prolitable bee-culture
were very malarious, and had many annoying
insects. Mus. L. H.^krison.

Washington Co., Fla., March 23.

Shaken Swarms— Sweet Clover, Etc.

Lately I have noticed a number of articles
on "Shook Swarms" and ■' Sweet Clover,"
and thougtit I might add a little of my ex-
perience.

I bought my first swarm when I was 16
years old (about 10 years agoj.

For the first 3 or 4 years my bees did not do
much swarming, owing either to mismanage-
ment or the season.

As increase was what I wanted, I tried some
experiments along that line. I tried dividing
the bees, brood and honey, leaving one or
two nuclei to rear a queen on the entrance of
an empty hive and letting them run in; but
results were not satisfactory.

The first artificial swarm that pleased me
was hived in July, on lU frames with starters
in the brood-nest and 9 frames with full sheets
in the extracting super. They built full a set
of brood-combs and stored enough honey in
them to winter on, besides 60 pounds for me
in the upper story; this was about 5 years
ago. Since then 1 have practiced the same
system with many others, which would be
like this:

Take 3 or 4 boxes (cracker-boxes for in-
stance), lay one down on the side with the
edge on the hive-cover or sheet by each col-
ony you wish to shake from.

Then smoke and drum on the first two
colonies you intend to shake from. When
this is done start at No. 1, pick out combs,
one or two at a time, and shake in front of
the clustering-box; work fast and use the
smoker some to hurry them into the cluster-
ing-ljox.

When the combs have all been shaken, and
you know the queen is in the box. put on the
upper stories, if any, and cover.

Proceed to No. 2, and so on until each box
has a "shook swarm " clustered in it. Now,
if enough time has elapsed to make them feel
homeless, commence with No. 1, and take
them to their new home, which should be in
readiness. Shake them down at the entrance
the same as a natural swarm, and they will
hive themselves.

I have made as many as 20 or "25 in one after-
noon.

I notice that some writers are afraid sweet
clover will not stand close pasturing. That
has not been my experience. We have about
1.5 acres of sweet clover on clay point in a
pasture of SO acres grazed by cattle and hogs.
It comes up every spring and keeps spread-
ing. In isoi the blue-grass and timothy all
dried up, but this clover furnished feed for
the stock and some honey for the bees. It
was cropped so short that the blossoms laid
on the ground, and the bees could walk from
one bloom to the other without wearing their
wings out.

We had about an acre on rich low land that
got the start of the stock in the spring, and
grew higher than the backs of the cattle and
horses. The neighbors thought tliis was queer
stuff to sow for pasture, but when the dry
weather came, in July and August, feed got

THousands oi Hives - Millions oi Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not scUinf: goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

f^ease mention Bee Jnnmal -when "writine

FOR THE BEST

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BEE-KEEPERS" SUPPLIES,

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This complete
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It has brass ball valves . mechan-
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you full Information.

Addre«», Dept. H ,-'

Hardle Spray Pump Mfg Co.
Detroit, Mlcbigao.

AN OPPORTUNITY.

Barred Plvmouth Rock Poultry, Strawberry
Plants, Bee-Fixtures. Send for circular.
J. F. MICHAEL.

13.\4t R. I.. Winchester, Ind.

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
1.5 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL,.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boya, Girls, oldandyoimKaUko

make money working for us.

Vi'e tara\bh capital tostartyon id basi-

gUTer for full tnstmctioDBanda fine of

'vDpi^ to work with. URAPER PUBLlSHINriCO..Cb]caEO,m.

Please meation Bee JoumaJ -when writing.

Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1^03 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This fouiulaiion is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest ba-L- It is tough and clear as crystal, aud gives ii.ore sheets to the pound than any
other make. .,, . .a - ■* »»a.^...-«>«.

Workiutf "ax into Foundation tor CasU a (Specialty. Mees\»ax
always >vauied at Iiigliest price. „„TnTi i- .!„_

Catalog giv 111^' FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

please montion Bee journal when writlna

252

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

We are tie Largest MaiiHfactnrers of Bee-Keeners' Supplies In tHeMliwest

Send for catalog

'♦^"^ Minneapolis, Minn.

BestToods, Lowest Prices, and Best SHinpina FacUities.

Please mention Bee Journal -when wrltin?

ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES

uU^.^dowu to .ear 1,03. Contains hundreds of "•^-^^Ij^- ^-^^ '." ^ENHAM. MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal when -writinff.

Marshfleld MannfactnriDg Company.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We ha\ce a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

Please mention Bee Jovimal wten ■writine.

'' luth's Special the Best

A complete line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with Js Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

JC^ See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS'. SUPPLIES.

Froiit:& Walnut Sts., CINCINN ATL'.OHIO.

^.'easp mentioa Bee^Soomal wnen ■wTltl!!?:

^ToD Buggy jflgg^

/>^ 4 *N> " Made throuKhont of

^

■elected cleur hickory tliiit Is upllt,

not sawed. Hiw loni; distance n.\U-a, citra

roomy bed, qiKirtorleathor tuP.mHpy (>ptHiiia

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tn pi.rmlt you to test and try It «i"r""^'''I,-„T,H^

horse Loyers. Scud today,

OHIO CARRIAGE MFG, GO., c„^i,)?ik'i?, ^hio.

so scarce, and the stock commenced on this
and trimmed up everything they could eat,
leaving it looking like a mess of hazel-brush;
it seemed to thrive as well as ever, new shoots
kept coming out, and they were as fast eaten
oil, until freezing killed it.

I should like to ask Mr. Barber (page 78) :
Why put anything in Ijis honey to keep it
from granulating* If it is pure, put into a
tank and heat from Hill to 170 degrees, and
use a thermometer to he sure about tempera-
ture. Out of 600 pounds which I canned
while it was hot, 5 months ago, only 54
pounds has shown any signs of grain in it,
and this had been lieated, for experiment, to
l.")0 degrees and had candied again.

Why cut your comb honey in chunks, and
put into cans for "extracted" or "comb"?
It is neither one nor the other. It seems to
me that the wholesale grocers put enough of
this stuff on the market without imitating
them. It seems to me that if a customer
wants comb honey let him have it straight,
and extracted the same. If a bee-keeper is
not neat enough to produce one or the other,
whv mix them?

No offense meant, Mr. Barber. I suppose
others are doing the same. This is the way 1
look at it. B. A. AldrIch.

Woodbury Co., Iowa, March 9.

One of the Olives.

What is the enclosed domestic shrubi Itis
our earliest bloomer, and is attractive to bees.
East Tennessee.

[This is the first flower of the season. It
belongs to the Olive family along with the
ash and lilac, but as a native of Japan and
China no common English name has been
given to it. Botanists call it " Forsythia
viridissima." It is an ornamental shrub, the
abundant bright yellow flowers appearing be-
fore the leaves.— C. L. Walton.]

Prospects of an Early Spring.

We are having very nice weather, and it
has the appearance of an early spring, with
the temperature between ti.T and 70 degrees,
which has brought the maple to bloom, and
the busy bee is once more bringing in pollen
from the first flower of the season. The
roljins and the bluebirds have also made their
appearance, and fill the air with their sweet
music, to remind us of the beautiful spring-
time.

My bees have wintered well, having lost
only 3 weak colonies, and the remaining 53
colonies are doing nicely on maple bloom. The
prospects are bright for 1003.

Wm. H. Heim.

Lycoming Co., Pa., March 30.

Please mention Bee Journal when -writinj^

That Old Colony— Wintered Well.

Mr. Hasty must not be to hasty about that
"old colony of bees" mentioned on page isi.
If he will put on his " specs " and look at the
article again, he will see plainly that said " old
colony" belongs "to a stock of bees that
were on the farm of ray uncle, Wm. Sager,
uear North Bristol, Ohio, for over 90 years
before I brought them over here," instead of
saying that said " old colony " was over 90
years old.

The name of my aunt should have read Mrs.
Elizabeth Diehl, instead of Duhl. She has
since gone to her rest; having died Nov. 3S
1903. .

I was very sorry to hear of the death of
Thomas G. Newman. I met him at 3 conven-
tions of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, at Columbus, Ohio, in ISSS, and in Chi-
cago, in 1893. So thej' go, one by one—
Charles Dadant, Dr. A. B. Mason, " Rambler,"
and next Thomas tl. Newman, all in less than
a year. I never met Father Dadant or
" Rambler," but I had met Dr. Mason several
times, and I regarded him as a very dear per-
sonal friend, and I was very much greived to
hear of his death.

Bees have wintered very well, and have
been carrying in pollen lively for several days.
March 14 was the fir.st day I noticed them
carrying it in. There is lots of white clover.

April 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

253

QUBESS!

Oolden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to pive satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUrRIN-THE-QUEEN-BRBEDER. Our bus-
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tOQifued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
anv other breeder in the North. l*i iceof queens
before July 1st: Larpe select, $1; six for $5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $s; Selected Tested,
$> each: Breeders, $4. Two-frame Nuclei (no
■queen) $.1.50 each.

Special low price on queens in lotsof 25tolOO.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We g-uarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
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Address all orders to

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PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(Tbe above ad. will appear twice per month
only.i 16E13t

'-'^se mention Bee Jotinial "when ■wntina

G-paQe Catalog Free.Jii'i''Ve°;a"d:

the

41
ing Bee-Supplies of all kind
market. Latest improveraenis. ijanzei
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf JNO, NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo
K'mse ineatiorL Bee Jouruai -when wTT.tax!J»

^S FENCE!

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arnier ftt Whol^ale
Catalog Free.

K^^^^ffi COILED SPlllXQ FENCE fO.

*"™""" Boi S9 Wlochesler, Indiana, C. 8. A.

4)_^Etf Please mention the Bee Journal

quick gruwers. Buy a packaj^e. Help the or-
phans. Address.
ROCKY BEACH ORPHANAGE, LANSING, MICH.

A r\r\ Mounted (Jueen-Cells and one
I I II I sample of the Stanley Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for 7i' cents, postpaid.

loAtf ARTHOR STANLEY, DIXON, ILL.

$

3

satisfactii

Addr

W. J. FOREHAND, Fl. Denosit, flia.

and it we have the right' kind of weabher We
may look fur a ^'ood honey season th^' coiiiirr;
summer. I Impe thi^ will be a prosperous
vear for bee iubii and women all over the land.
.T. S. Bahh.
Trumbull tn., Ohio, March 26.

Please mpntion Bee Journal -whe^i -writing.,

warned to Buy

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies, .\ddress at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

Wewillpri-HHnt ycni witli tl,f first <^. v"
^ke in to start you in a m''""1 payicK Imni-
lesa. Send 10 cents for full line of Bamples
ind directions how to beirrn.
DRAPER PUBLISHlNn CO.. Chlrso. Ills.

Italian Bees and Qneens

Choice Tested Queens from the fioest Red
Clover Stock in the U. S In order to introduce
this SUPERIOR stock I am going to offer a
limited number of 2-frame Nuclei with a fine
Tested Queen for $2.00 each: Oueen alone, tl 00;
Selected Tested, {1 .Weach; Breeders, $3.00 each:
Untested, from same stock, 75 cts. each, or $6.50
per doz. Discounts on 50 and MO at a time. .My
Queens are bred by the best known methods,
and I challenge the world to produce finer
Queens or stock. Safe arrival and reasonable

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Wintered Well— Good Year Ex-
pected.

As far as I linow the bees have wintered
quite well in this community. We put them
on the summer stands March 12, the earliest
for a good many years. We lost only 'i colo-
nies (queenless) out of 101 put in the cellar
last Deceinl)er. March 13 the bees flew like
they do in the summer, and March IS the
mercury went up to "S degrees. Soft maple
is in bloom, and it was like summer all
around,, even in the bee-yard, bees carrying
in both pollen and water, cleaning house and
trying the strength of the weak colonies Ijy
trying to rob.

Indications point to a good year for both
the bee-man and the farmer. L. G. Blair.

Grant Co., Wis., March 19.

Looks Like a Good Year.

The American Bee Journal has been a great
help to me, as 1 am just a beginner in apicul-
ture, starting in last spring with li colonies, 5
of which I liought in box-hives, and trans-
ferred them to Langstroth hives, which I
made myself. I now have 11 colonies, having
lost 2 that starved on account of my being
.sick at the time they should have been looked
after.

March has been warm and rainy so far, and
to-day the bees are busy around the soft maple,
which is just beginning to bloom, and with
plenty of sweet clover it loolis as though we
were going to have a good year for honey.
Harry S. Ckaig.

Madison Co.. Ind., March 12.

Niee Weather— Prospects Good.

We are having nice warm weather, and the
bees are carrying pollen, and a little honey. 1
examined my bees carefully and find 2 colo-
nies gueenless. They are strong, and have
lots of honey. We never had better prospects.

We have about 20 or 2.5 acres of crimson
clover, and a fevf acres of Alsike, and the
prospect is good for lots of white clover,

L. A. Hammond.

Washington Co., Md., March 3.

Organization in California.

Thus far the prospects are good for a honey
crop in this part of the State.

Bee-keepers are watching with considerable
interest the progress of the California Na-
tional Honey-Producers' Association. I think
if they have an honest set of otlieers at the
helm, and the Constitution and By-Laws are
gotten up with an honest purpose, and the
producers will take a proper interest, with a
competent manager at the head, something
can be accoujjilished for the good of the
fraternity. I know I for one am in favor of
organization, as I have had some loss by a
commission merchant in San Francisco this
season, and it would naturally set one to
thinking what is the next best thing to do.
But that little word " if " stands in the way
quite often in our lives. Chas, D. Brows.

Placer Co., Calif., March 3.

Season of 1902— Taking Bees Out.

Last year, fruni IIG colonies, we got about
13,000 pounds uf i-xtracted and comb honey.

Last season, wlicn we had a swarm, father
said I could have it if I would hive it, so I
went to work !iud hived it, gave it one frame
of comb drawn out, and the remaining 7 of
foundation not drawn out. In a few days I
looked in and ^aw the queen was laying, and
iu about auotliLT week I looked in again and
saw they had almost all their frames of foun-
dation drawn out ; in a few days we put on 24
sections. WhLM< we took them off in the fall
they had 20 out td the 24 filled with, honey of
fine quality.

From lit) colonies we increa.sed to 105, and

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select lung-tongued
(Moore's , and Select, St rai(fh,t
5-band Queens. Itred 3K niiles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned wiih-
iu 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 3" years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on larg;e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

OA26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

rteP'^e mention Bee Journal when writing

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

T. P. BINOHAM.Pn

Smokers

B66S For Sale.

i^Ait G. W. GATES, Bartleti, Tenn.

t^ease mention Bee Journal -wheii Tnti3i»

Please mention the Bee Journal.

e-^-i-*

►*»-:-:-•♦•"!-•*«

* Bee-Keepers, Remember

" that the freight rates from Toledo

4 are the lowest of any city in the U.S.

We sell

I Root's Supplies at their

J Factory Prices • * « * *

4*

4 Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

plements a specialty. Send for our
*&* free Illustrated Catalog'. Honey and

m Beeswax wanted.

I GRIGGS BROS.,

" 214 Jackson Avenue,

14A13t Please

TOLEDO, OHIO.

intion the Bee Journ:

and easy to make
If yon work for us. We will start you ia
r>UBlneB8 and furnish the capital. Work
li)?ht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of BBjnpleB and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Cblcago, lilt.

The Daiiz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We a^e authorized iobbing^ ag'ents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send as
a list of tbe g^oods you want for this season, and
let us quote vou prices. Keeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON.

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH. MICH.

If We Offered

PAGE Fciu-ertt the prlco of others, we'd have to
line their kind of wire. We won't do that.
PAUK UOVKN WIKK KLNCKIO., AliUIAN,MICII.
^iQdse meatioii Bee Journal wneTi ^s^itmft

254

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

put 48 into the cellar, and left the remaining
5" outside. The ones outside had several
flights; if the weather is the same to-morrow
we will take those out of the cellar.

In a recent number of the American Bee
Journal there were some hints on taking bees
out of the cellar. Last spring we took ours
out — they were out five or six days, and had
some fine flights— when the weather changed,
and we had to put them back into the cellar
for a few days, when we brought them out
for the summer. The flit;hts of those few
days saved almost all of the colonies.

Fred Banker (aged 14).

Brown Co., Minn., March 21. '

Wintered Well and Appear Strong.

I am pleased to say that all my colonies
wintered well, and appear strong. I have
found quite a little capped brood, and queens
are laying nicely. F. H. Drake.

Worcester Co., Mass., March 10.

Honey Crop Outlook Good.

The outlook for a honey crop is good.
White clover is in tine shape, and the bees
have wintered in tine condition so far. I have
lost but one colony, and still have 110.

TnEO. S. HuRLET.

Tama Co., Iowa, March 14.

Some Results of Bee-Keeping.

I like the American Bee Journal very much.
I have been keeping bees about five years. I
commenced with 2 colonies in box-hives, one
of which I have yet. I did not know much
about them at Hrst. except what I could pick
up from bee-keepers. I put away 13 colonies
last fall, and sold about $140 worth of comb
honey last year, all white honey. We did not
have any fall flow here.

I thinK beginners should have a text-book
and bee-papers. V. Vail.

Winona Co., Minn., March 2:i.

Wopcestep County Convention.

In a former letter I mentioned an immense
swarm of bees that had taken possession of an
attic-room 50 years ago. At the regular meet-
ing of the Worcester County Bee-Keepers'
Association, held March 14, the owner of the
building announced that the bees disappeared
some time early in the fall, but could not give
any reason for it. The room, as it was parti-
tioned off for the bees, was about S feet
square. It is like a great hive, with comb
upon the walls, and all over the original hive,
which was placed in the middle of the room.
Thetloor is nearly covered with honey from
broken comb, which has fallen from the walls.
From this latter fact Pres. Prouty thought
that mice or cold weather were to blame for
the dismantled condition of the room.

The secretary read a very interesting paper
on "Spring Management,'' by C. S. Blake.

The story of an Illinois bee-keeper's loss of
many colonies, resulting from spraying trees
during bloom, was related, and the warning
given out not to buy spraying outfits from
dealers advancing such ideas.

Extracts from a letter from George W. York,
relating to black honey, brought to a close
one of our best meetings.

Worcester Co., Mass. C. R. Russell.

Longs fop Enchanting Forests.

In spring and early summer I long for the
lone and enchanting forests of my jjoyhood
days. Their fascinations cling to me, and
sometimes almost make me wish to live them
over again. At my feet wei'e the dry leaves,
the spring llowers and the bees, while in the
trees overhead, and all about me, were the
beautiful birds of song, happy in the life and
liberty given them of (iod. Then the mother
fox would bark at us by day and by night,
and the wild deer would shy about in the dis-
tance, cropping the herbage here aiid there.
O how the hoot and the serocch of the owl.
and the howl of the great fierce timber-wolves
would make the small boy's hair rise when
driving the cows home rather late in the even-

Italian Queens,

Bees ^nd Nuelei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
lioney - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices : c

One Untested Queen. ... $1.00

One Tested Queen 1.35

One SeleetTested Queen. 1.50

One Breeder Queen 2.50

One • Comb Nucleus (no

Queen 1.40

Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONG,
16Att 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send li. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..
" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

3-Fraffle Nuclei For Sale

We are now booking orders for 3.
frame Nuclei of Italian Bees, with
queens, to be delivered between May 1
and May 15 — first come first served.
They will be shipped by express from
Lee Co., Illinois, about 100 miles west
of Chicago. They are on Langstroth
frames, and the number of Nuclei is
limited. Prices are. f. o. b. starting
point — One Nucleus, S3. 00; S or more at
one time, $2.75 each.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO. ILL.

ing from their wanderings in the woods for
their daily living.

I wish I had the power to describe to you
the charms of visiting some of our great pine
forests of those days. I wish some of our oldi
pioneers would in prose or poetry write them
up. The young people of to-day have but a.
slight conception of them in their beauty, im-
posing height, of their hush in stillness, their
sigh and their murmur in a gentle breeze, or
of their terrific roar in storm.

S. T. Pettit.

Ontario, Canada, March 11.

ELtCTRIC

Handy Farm Wagons

make the work easier for both the man and team.
The tires being wide they do notcut into the ground ;
the labor of loadiner is reduced manv times.becauso
of the short lift. They are equipped with our fam-

Whitehickory axles, steel hounds. Guaranteed to
carry 4000 lbs. Why not get started riphtby putting
in one of these wagons. We make our steel wheels
to fit any wagon. Wiite for the catalog. Itisfree.
'ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 16. QUINCV, ILL.'

Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agrlcultnral

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annnm. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal

Bee = Supplies

G B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-

thiug nectrhsary for haudltug bees. Tbe very
best of goods, ana large--t stock in Indiana.
I,ow freiKhl-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Wasliioet'in Street,
49A2(.t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

flease mention Bee Journal ■when ■writine

Looked for Cold Weather.

I have 51 colonies gf bees, and they have been
carrying in pollen for the last 10 days. We
are having very nice, warm weather, but I am
afraid it is too early for the bees to breed and
carry pollen. I am looking for some rough,
cold weather yet which I think will be very-
hard on the bees. Wm. Reiber.

Center Co., Pa., March 21.

White Clover Prospects Good.

The white clover has come through the win-
ter in fine condition around here, and the
prospects are good for a honey-flow next sea-
son.

I put lOS colonies in the cellar the last of
November- They are wintering nicely so far.
Wm. R. Creaser.

Dunn Co., Wis., March 20.

Moving Bees— Good Prospects.

I have moved 17 colonies of bees with me,
and all that were fairly strong came through
all right; the weaker ones did not seem to
stand it quite so well. Two of them seem
very poorly. I just removed the covers and
put wire-cloth over them and over the en-
trance, and they did not seem to suffer when I
could keep the car open, which 1 could not do
on account of the smoke from the engine
some of the time.

The prospects here are good for a crop of
honey this year, judging from the amount of
white clover. George H. Wells.

Johnson Co., Mo., March 22.

Expects a Favorable Season.

Two years ago I started with 2 colonies of
bees, and the following winter lost one from
smothering. I kept them in a cellar and did
not give them enough ventilation. I now
have 5 colonies wintering in the cellar and
doing well.

I put up a shelf nearly 3 feet high, and set
the .5 hives on this shelf, with blocks under
the corners of each hive, raising them about 2
inches. This gives room under the hives to
remove all dead bees and litter, and I have
had no trouble with them up to the present
time.

The temperature of the cellar has not been
lower than 4.5 degrees during the winter. I
fed one colony occasionally during the winter
because I thought it was a little short of food,
and shall continue to feed until time to pul
them out-of-doors.

I look forward for a favorable season for
bees to work, as we had rather a poor season
last year, owing to cold and wet weather the
forepart of the season and dry the latter part.

This is my first epistle on this subject, and
for fear of intruding upon Yon Yonson's time
and patience, I will close by saying the Ameri-
can Bee Journal is all right. A. M. Deitz.

Charlevoix Co., Mich., March 16.

Safe Spring Feeding.

For several years I have used a "'rt-inch
cover for my hives during the winter instead
of covering the top entirely with burlap. In
this board cover I have a circular opening »>•
inches in diameter. I lightly tack a piece of
wire-cloth over the opening in the fall, put on
the winter-case, pour in planer-shaviugs until
they stand 8 inches deep in the center, and I
am done with bee-work for five months.

About the second week of March, usually,
I remove the shavings from the top of the

April 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

255

How to Painf
a House Cheap

And Have it Guaranteed to Look Better, Wear

Longer and Cost Less Than the Best

White Lead Paints.

Never Fades, Cracks, Chalks, Peels or Blisters and Is Not Affected by

Gases. Fifty Sample Colors and Illustrated Booklet Prepaid to

Any Address Absolutely Ffee.

The ccst of paiatiag- the house
and barn, out-buildings, bee-
hives, aad fences is a heavy bur-
den. Cheap paints soon fade.
peel or scrape off, and white lead
and oil costs so much, and has to
be replaced so often that it is a
constant expense to keep the
bright, clean appearance so de-
sirable ic the cozy cottage home
or the eleerant mansion. The fol-
lowing are a few of the large
users of Carrara Paint:

Pennsylvania R. R. Co.; Pull-
man Palace Car Co.; Chicago
Telephone Co-; Central Union
Telephone Co.; Field Museum,
Chicago: Kenwood Club, Chi-
cago : Cincinnati Southern ; C.
&E. I. R R. Co.; Denver & Rio
Grande R.R.; Wellington Hotel,
Chicago.

Carrara is used because it lasts
longer, never fades, never cracks.
never blisters, never peels,covers
more surface than the highest
priced paints, and costs less than
the cheap mixed paints that in-
•lease

The Waldorf- Astoria. New
York, One of the Most Magriifi-
cent Hotels in the World, Eas
Used Tons and Tons of the
World-Famous Carrara Paint.

mention Bee Journal ■when ■wrritlng.

iure instead of protect, Carrara
\*aint is the best possible cover-
ing for beehives, as it does not
chalk or peel, and perfectly pro-
tects the surface over which it is
used, and one paintin^of Carrara
will outlast two of the best white
lead. A grallon will cover twenty-
live 154-5tory hives— two coats.
There is but one Carrara. It is
made bv the Carrara Paint
Agency, General Offices, 754 Car-
rara Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio, and
any one having a house to paint
should send tor 50 free sample
colors and our beautiful booklet,
showing many buildings repro-
duced in all the colors -just as
they are painted from this great
paint that has stood the most
rigid tests for 25 years; and bear
in mind that it is the only paint
ever manufactured that is backed
by a positive guarantee in everv
case. Distributing depots in ail
principal cities. Write to-day
and save half your paint bills in
the future.

hives, take oft the wire-cloth, aud place a
saucer about 4^ o' inches iu diameter down ia
the circular opening and resting upon the
fratues. I put a piece of cloth in the saucer,
allowing- it to extend over the sides and touch
the frames. Over the saucer I invert a cover
about 6 inches square (inside measure) aud 2
inches deep. Through this cover I have pre-
viously bored a hole large enough to admit a
tin tube — an ordinary dipper-handle will
make two — then I put back the planer-shav-
ings and my preparations are done. Each
evening I pour about five tablespoonfuls of
thin syrup down through the tin tube and
into the saucer. Nothing is left of the syrup
by morning. To read the description it may
seem like a good deal of work, liut it is ail
very easy work, and, once made, the articles
last forever. I have never yet tried a plan
that is so free from messiness and danger of
robbing. It is absolutely safe, and I have
found it successful in every instance.

" Wrexham."

CONVENTION NOTICE.

nissouri.— Bee-keepers of Missouri will meet
in convention at Moberlv, in the Commercial
Club Rooms, at 3 o'clocij p.m., nn Aoiil 22.
IW.?, to organize a Missouri Slate Bee-Keepers'
Association. We e.xpect to complete our organ-
ization on that day and have scjme bee-talks the
day following. Everybody is invited who is in-
terested in bass and honev. Let us have a
good turn-ont and a g3od time, (iood hotel ac-
commodations can be had at f 1.00 and }2 iX) a
day. The Monitor Printing Company will tell
you where the Commercial Club rooms are
located. W. T. Cary, Acting Secretary.

Wakenda, Mo.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Standard Italian Queens

OF THE HIGHEST GRADE,

Bred in Separate yards from superior stock of
Golden and Leather-colored Strai'ns. Selected
from among the best stock of Long Tongue
Clover and Uoney-Queens in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business. No dis-
ease among our bees. Our elevated country,
with its pure mountain air and pure sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man. See our circular for the rest.

Queens sent out last season by us arrived in
the very best shape, except a lew got chilled
lite in the season in the North. Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
rado, Cuba, New Mexico, and many of the
States. We rear all queens sent out by us from
the egg or just-hatched larva; In full colonies.
Our method is up-to-date. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of fine, large, prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a trial
order.

Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00; 12
for $9.00.

Tested, $2.00; Select, $3.00; Best, $5.00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Queen, $6 00.

3 frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman irames, no
Queen, $2 0i'; 2frame, no Queen, $1.50. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei.!

Special rates on Queens by the liiO. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Shipping sea-
son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. HA-LilL.,

13Atf Jaspkk, Pickkns Co., Ga.

The Emerson Binder.

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 centn; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonroal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as ihey are received. If you have
this **Emersou-* no farther binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, April 7.— Choice to fancy white
comb honey sells in a limited way at 15®16c per
pound. There is no certain price for other
grades, but they sell slowly at 3@5c less per
pound. l*"..\tracted, 6(q'7c for white grades; am-
bers, 5Hi(<i ''J4c. Beeswax, 32c per pound.

R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mixed,14@lSc; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Xc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas Citv, Apr. 2.— Our market is almost
bare of comb honey ; the demand is good. We
quote you as follows; Fancy white comb, 24-
sections, $3.50; No. 1, white, $3 40; No. 2, white
and amber, $3@3.25. Extracted, white, 6S^;
amber, S5i@6c. Beeswax No. 1, per pound, 2Sc
C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex
tracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels, s8@65<c. according to quality;
white clover, .S@9c. Fancy comb honey, ISJi®
16>^c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Nbw York, April 8.— Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of late and prices are somewhat
declining. We quote fancv white at from
14@>15c; No. 1, white, 13c; amber, ll@12c. Ex-
tracted quiet and easv. with plenty of supply.
We quote white at 6)^fe7c; light amber, 5>i@6c;
dark at 5c. Beeswax steady at 2^Hq 31.

HILDRETh' & SBOBLKBn.

Cincinnati, April 7— The comb honev market
has weakened a little more; is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14(a.l5c; node-
maud for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not changed and prices are as fol-
lows; Amber in barrels, S/ih^Si^c; in cans,
6@6}4c; white clover, a®Siic. Beeswa.x, 28(a/30c.
C. H. W. Wbbkk.

San Francisco, Mar. 11.— White comb honey,
125^@13^c; amber, 9®llc; dark, 7'S7'.tc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6Jilffi7%c: light amber, 55;@6c;
amber, 5@S'4c: dark. MAAiic. Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Demand 's fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are goiugat somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writuuc

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

;u!^JiiJb-«i.:ii',iS

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested in Sheep in any waj
yon cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

fi^ool Marketet and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested 7 Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO III.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

256

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 16, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the Worhl...

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so sfood. If you buy of us yoii
-vtill not be diMapitointed.
Wc a,re Hn€ler><ol«l by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for bej^inners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping", N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freig-bt.

•▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ▼▼▼▼▼>

eieaso menxion Bee J ournal -wtieu wmting.

Only7lcalb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago: 2cans in box (120 lbs.) at 7>4 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at ^^c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
get a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If
it

I

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ; a

Boston!

Monej in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on

ROOT'S SUPPLIES I

Catalog for the .Asking

8 F. n. FflRIWER,

g 182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

S Up First Flipht.

$300,000,000.00 A TtAK

and you may have purt of It if yon work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you In
business. Draper PoblisblOECo.,Cblcaso,lll.

^is,j^%s,ja,jiS,ja,^Aja,ja,jiijii^^

i 26111
i year

Dadant's Foundation ?^1P

W*» mmmnf f>(> ^nf icfarf inn What more can anybody do? BEAUTY.

we guaranLec ,^dU!»idctiuii. purity, firmness. NoSAoaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

■Whv rlnf>ft if «p1I «n well ? Because it has always given better satis-
Wny UOeS IL sen &0 WCIir faction than any other. Because In 15 years

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-BeG — Rc!\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal when -writins

Everyininfl

FOR

B66-K66D6rS

Our Catalog for this season has been
fully revised. This quotes our latest
prices on our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary. It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the asking. If you have not already
received a copy, send to the address
nearest, and by placing your order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.

La correspondencia puede ser en
Espanol.

A solicitud se en via el catalogo Es-
panol gratis.

The A. 1. Root Co.,

BRANCH OFFICES.

The

The
The
The

The
The

A. I. Root Co.,

10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A. I. Root Co.,

1024 Miss. St., St. Paul, Minn.
A. I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,

S. W., Washington, D. C.
A. I. Root Co.,

San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.

AGENCIES,

nedina, Ohio, U.S.A.

George W. York & Co.,

144 & 14(1 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
C. H.W.Weber, 2140 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,

2U6 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St„ Boston, Mass.
Walter S.Pouder.SU Mass Av,, Indianapolis, Ind
Vickerv Bros., Eransville, Ino.
M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich,
(ieo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa.
Prothero A Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 214 Jackson .\ve., Toledo, Ohio.
Joha Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mont'g Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit & Produce Co , Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly. Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 66 Harbour St. .Kingston, Jamaica
Wm. Boxwell.Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland.

LOCAL DEALERS.

Besides these dealers who get carload lots
there aie many local dealers handling supplies
for their localities who obtain their supply
either at ISIedina or of one of the above-named
iobbers, as may be most convenient. These are
dealers in general merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or others interested in improved
methods of bee-keeping in their locality. If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity, it will be
to your interest to place your order with him;
but te sure to insist on having Root's tloods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.

Wm^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ''^Ahfi^'tUT

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ILL. APRIL 23. 1903.

No. 17,

MEMBERS OF THE ONTARIO BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

F. A. Gemmill, F- J- Mii,LKR,

Assistant Inspector of Apiaries. Representative to Western Fair.

J. D. Evans,
Ex-President and Director.

TWO APIARIES OF LARIMER COUNTY, COLORADO.

Apiary of E. A. Mii.i.ER.

Apiary of W. C. Evans.

258

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

PUBLISHBD -WEEKLY, BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., GtiicaQO, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in tlie
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

i Weekly Budget. I

Mr. W. a. Petal, of Alameda Co., Calif.,
wrote us as follows, April 0:

" This is a grand year for this end of Cali-
fornia, and from reports it will be so all over
the State. We have had abundant rains at
the right time. The days are now perfect,
and there is a profusion of flowers, wild and
cultivated."

A Correction. — In Mr. F. Greiner's arti-
cle, on page 214, near the end, read as follows
instead of the way it was printed :

" Twenty-tive years ago honey sold for not
materially more, although a very fancy lace-
trimmed lot brought me ^'J and 23 cents in
Xem York : this year my honey bruught, f . o. b.
here, 15 and 16 cents. At this latter price the
bulk o/ mj/ /((Mtey sold in New Yorl< (on com-
mission) in 1876."

Mr. H. C. MoREHorsE, editor of the Kocky
Mountain Bee Journal, has lately been adding
to his " force." He tells of it in the follow-
ing paragraph :

The rapid expansion of our business has
made necessary the employment of addi-
tional help. We have been looking for some
one whom we hoped would prove a capable
assistant for some months past, and on Sun-
day, March 15, he made his appearance. He
arrived hatless, coatlcss, pantless, shirtless,
baldheaded, and— nameless. He is nameless
still, but is otherwise pretty well provided for
so far as his immediate necessities are con-
cerned. We have engaged him to tarry under
our roof for at least 2\ years, and we shall
hope to admit him to an ei|ual partnership at
the expiration of that time. As this is the
first assistant to the firm of Ourselt tV; Wife,

we feel considerably "stuck up" over the
the matter, and any discrepancies in this issue
of the iournal must be attributed to that
cause. While our feet are still stumbling
over the clods of Mother Earth, our head is
(it feels like it is) floating somewhere away
up in the etherial blue.

Our congratulations to " The House of
Morehouse."

Of course, Mr. M. is excusable for typo-
graphical errors this time. " Etherial blue "
is " ethereal blue" in this "locality."

Mr. Tofield Lehman and Miss Emma
Butikofer, of Fayette Co., Iowa, were married
Feb. 17, 1903. A local newspaper, when an-
nouncing the happy event, said:

Mrs. Lehman is a young lady of amiable
traits of character, and will make a splendid
helpmate. Mr. Lehman is a well-to-do farmer,
and a gentleman in every respect.

Mr. Lehman is also a wide-awake bee-
keeper, and doubtless that new home will have
plenty of the sweet things of life.

A. B. Carpenter, of Tulare Co., Calif., sent
us the picture of his apiary and the following
concerning it, dated Feb. 14, 1903:

I send an amateur photograph of my apiary
taken by my son, and finished to put on our
Christmas tree last December. I stand on tne
right, son-in-law next on the left. My wife
stands behind a prop, being near-sighted she
did not see it. My daughter on the left with
a black cat in her arms. In the background
is the extracting-house.

I have 90 colonies of bees, and shall lose a
few, possibly. There have been but a few
days this winter that the bees have not llown
more or less. This morning was the coldest

apiary of a. b. carpenter.

of the winter, the mercury 21 degrees above
zero; at noon the bees were flying more or
less. The apiary is under two silkworm mul-
berry trees. The shade will measure 26 by 18-
yards. They grow yearly long enough to-
place a row of stands around the outside. The
trees have to be propped strongly to hold them
up. When in full foliage they make a dense
shade, and, of course, it is pleasant working
under them in the hottest weather.

With me, last year was not a remarkably
prosperous one. 1 do not know tliat 1 can be-
called more than an amateur, having had only
four years experience with the extractor, andl
two years previously with comb honey. I
love to work with the bees, but it begins to be-
heavy work for me at "5 years of age.

A. B. Carpenter.

Through an error made by our engraver,
the picture of Mr. Carpenter's apiary was
made only about half the size we had in-
tended. It must be u cool, shady spot in
which to work with the bees when the trees
are in full foliage.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
wBBKivY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two Ne-w Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal

when -writing
Advertisers »••

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 23, 1903,

No, 17.

^ Editorial Comments. ^' l

Ignorance About Bees. — Arthur C. Miller seems to be stir-
ring up trouble by hinting in the strongest kind of a way that we
don't yet know all about bees, and that what we don't know isn't
always so. He seems to be wanting in respect for accepted traditions.
For example, we all " know " that bees pack pollen in the cells by
butting their heads against it after the fashion of a belligerent ram.
To be sure, none of us ever saw a bee in the very act, and we never
took the trouble to discuss whether it was a reasonable belief or not,
but we've read it, and then it was easier to go right along believing it
than to take the trouble to think about it.

Now, see the irreverent manner in which that fellow, Miller, goes
tor that venerable tradition, in the American Bee-Keeper:

As the pellets of pollen are dropped on the floor of the cell by the
gathering bee, a mere ramming in by the head of any bee would pack
it very unevenly, much at the lower side and little or none at the
upper, a consideration which heretofore seems never to have attracted
attention. Also, as every organ is adapted to its particular function,
we should expect to find the front of the bee's head hard and smooth,
if it was intended and used for this purpose; whereas it bears a pair
of delicately articulated antenna', and simple and compound eyes pro-
tected by a multitude of fine hairs, surely anything but a battering-
ram.

As a matter of fact, the pollen is packed by the bee with its man-
dibles, and is a process of pushing, kneading, and spreading. The
work can often be found in an incomplete stage, and the pollen will
then be found thickest at the lower part of the cell, but it does not
remain so, for that, or the next lot, will be worked into the upper
part, making all even.

Bulk Comb Honey (comb honey cut out of the frames and
packed in cans or other vessels and filled out with extracted honey) is
strongly advocated by H. H. Hyde in an article in the Bee-Keepers'
Review, in which he says:

It has been demonstrated time and again that bees will store all
the way from iM percent to 100 percent more honey when worked for
bulk comb than they will when worked for section honey, and many
believe (the writer included) that where the bees are worked as out-
lined above, nearly, if not quite, as much bulk-comb honey can be
produced as could be produced of extracted honey alone; and espe-
cially does this hold good where the localities have fast flows of honey,
in which a great amonnt of wax is always secreted whether there are
any combs to build or not.

If it is true that an average of 75 percent more bulk than section
honey can be produced, and if the bulk can be sold for 57 percent as
much as the section honey — to make it a little more concrete, if the
bulk brings s 4-7 when the section brings 15 cents — then the scales
will promptly turn in favor of the bulk, tor the amount of money re-
ceived will be the same in either case, while the outlay of mout-y and
labor will be less for the bulk.

There may, however, be some question whether in other localities
than that of Mr. Hyde would the proportion of bulk to section honey
be so great. Many would probably find that they could secure very
nearly as much honey in sections as in full frames, and in this same
article Mr. Hyde assures us that it requires as much skill and as fine
a grade of honey for bulk as for section honey. Of course, however,
there must be figured in favor of the bulk the amount of extrailed
packed with it.

Each one must decide for himself as to the proportionate amount
of honev he can secure, and the relative price in his market.

DEATH OP I>R. E. GALLUP.

On Monday morning, April i;i, we received the following letter
announcing the death of Dr. Gallup :

Orange Co., CALir., April 7, 1903.
Editor York: — My father. Dr. E. Gallup, died Sunday, April 5,
ata o'clock. He had been sick in bed about six weeks, but had been
failing in health for about two years. He would have been 83 years of
age on the 22d of next August.

I have 14 colonies of bees now, 3 of this year's swarms, one having
come out to-day at 1 o'clock. Bees have just begun to store.

Yours sincerely, Herbert S. Gallup (aged 16).

So Death, the ruthless reaper, has cut off another of the old-time
bee-keepers — this time one of the very earliest writers on bees in this
country, as well as one of the very latest writers, for only last week
we published an article from his pen, and still have one more, which
will appear soon.

Dr. Gallup was always a good friend of the American Bee .Journal.
He rendered it noble service at times when such service was of untold
value — before either Mr. Newman or its present editor took hold of it.
At one time, in its early years, his timely aid seems to have saved it
from what might have been a total collapse.

For a number of years Dr. (iallup's name disappeared from the
printed pages of the bee-papers. .Just why, we do not know, unless it
was that he was almost entirely out of bee-keeping during those years.
But about 10 years ago we saw his name somewhere, and decided to
resurrect him as a writer if we could, and so wrote to him. There-
suit is well known to all who have been regular readers of the Ameri-
can Bee .Journal for the past tew years.

Dr. Gallup was Mr. Doolittle's teacher in bee-keeping, over 30
years ago, and his book, " Scientific Queen-Rearing," was dedicated
to him.

A few biographical notes would doubtless be interesting to all,
which were pubished in these columns in 1893, having also appeared
in a bee-paper (now extinct) in 1870 :

Elisha Gallup was born on Aug. 32, 1820, in the town of Mel-
bourne, county of Sherbrook, Canada East. His parents were born
in Connecticut, on Long Island Sound. By occupation he is a farmer,
with the exception of eleven years a miller. He removed to Wisconsin
in 1859, and settled in the town of Metomen, Fond du Lac county. In
June, 1865, he removed to Mitchell county, Iowa. And now, in the
fear that we may not do justice, we will here introduce friend Gallup,
and let him speak- for himself:

" From my earliest youth I have been an enthusiastic admirer of
the busy bee; in fact, my earliest recollections are of the bees and
Jjee-hives. Often have I heard my mother say, if she lost me when a
little fellow, she was sure to find me by the bee-hives. My intense
desire to learn and investigate the bees in every particular has been
such that J have dreamed of them at night, and thought of them in
my waking hours to an almost absorbing extent, and to-day I am still
a student; and I find those persons who proclaim themselves fluished
in every branch, are the ones who in reality know the least.

" My early advantages were of a limited nature in the way of edu-
cation— scarcely common-school advantages did I have. My first
reading upon the subject of bees was a small pamphlet written by a
Mr. Weeks, of Vermont, which abounded in errors. My next was a
work by Mr. T. B. Miner. I picked up my first real insight into the
true system of bee-keeping from an old German by the name of Well-
huysen. He made 125 colonies from one in two seasons. And here I
will remark that I have been suspected of getting my knowledge upon
the subject of bee-culture from Mr. l.angstroth's work; but to settle
that matter quickly and satisfactorily, I have never been known to
quote from Mr. L. ; neither could I have done so, from the fact I had
it not to quote from. Once I reuiember to have had the privilege of
skimming through it one evening, at tbe house of a friend, and that
was merely to see if there were auy new ideas put forth.

" Eight years ago last season (in 1861) I obtained my first movable-
comb hive. My progress from that lime I felt was rapid, from using a
glass observatory hive of a single comb, for several seasons in Can-
ada, of my own getting up. In my own opinion, the movable-comb
hive is very far superior.

" Mr. Quinby's first edition of his book struck me as being excel-

260

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

lent; and when I saw an advertisement of his second edition, Icnow-
ing that he had the advantages of the movable combs, Ilooked for-
ward with confidence, and expected to see some questions fully dis-
cussed by him which I considered of vital fmportance; and when I
obtained the book and fouqd that it had almost stood still, and those
questions not even mentioned, I was disappointed in the work, and
this determined my course to some extent.

" For the purpose of fitting myself to appear before the reading
world, I attended writing school, so as to accomplish myself iu at
least writing a legible hand. This was in the winter of 1865-66. As
you say, you are somewhat familiar with my writings, I leave you to
judge of my success. My disadvantages at my time of life I fully
appreciated; but being a man who has the fortitude not to look back
when the hill has once begun to be climbed, my ambition and energy
kept me ever on the onward path. I commenced first to write for the
American Bee Journal, and to-day my private correspondence would
fill a goodly-sized volume, of which I am proud — with Innumerable
testimonials from diflerent parts of the United States and Canada,
and from those who were entire strangers, which enhances their value,
being assured it is not flattery. "

In a letter written to us, dated July 20, 1893, which we published
Aug. 10, 190y, Dr. Gallup said this:

" I have but very little time at command now to reply to your
request, but I send you a photo which I had taken about three months
ago. All my friends say it looks older than I really do. Every one
says that I hold my age ri'Mnrkabhj. I know that many a young man
does not show the activity that I do.

" Of course, I am not in the bee-business now, but I still take a
great interest in the business, and when I see a couple of boys man-
aging an apiary and taking out 20 tons of honey this season, and
others in proportion, it makes me sort of hanker after the bees as of
old.

" My second wife died last March, and left me with three little
ones — the oldest six years, and the youngest two years — and I am
caring for them without the assistance of a woman. I will be 73 years
old the 22d of next month, and I am still strong and hearty, and, to
all appearance, good for some time yet.

" I left Iowa completely broken down, both mentally and physi-
cally, and I have regained both in this grand and glorious climate. I
was fully determined to go into the bee-business here, and did make a
start, but the demand for my services as a hygienic and common-sense
doctor has been such that I cowW ;to( get out of the business, and to
carry on the two was impossible.

■' I feel now that I mii.st live to care for my little boys and girl.
They are the comfort of my old age. Db. E. Gallup."

The children left by Dr. Gallup will have the sympathy of all bee-
keepers in their lonesomeness and bereavement. They can have the
encouraging feeling that their father was an important factor in the
development of progressive and practical bee-culture in its infancy,
when Langstroth, and Quinby, and Grimm, were also laboring to place
the industry of bee-keeping on a sure foundation.

Curing Foul Brood in Early Spring. — M. A. Gill has a
profitable cure for each foul-broody colony just so long as hives hold
out in which healthy colonies have died the preceding winter. Here
is the bill of particulars as given in the Bee-Keepers' Review:

Early in the spring, before the colony has expended much energy
in rearing brood to die, I drive the bees from the foul-broody colonies
into an empty hive or super, and set them away in some convenient
place for 28 to 36 hours. Then, after warming up one of my hives of
combs and honey I sprinkle the bees, which, by this time, may be a
little sluggish, and after they have fed each other and become lively, I
run them into the hive above mentioned.

Of course, there is nothing new. nor remarkable about this cure,
only that you have cured your diseased colony ; and have done it at a
time when they can build up rapidly, as all their brood will hatch
instead of perhaps only 40 percent. You have also used your empty
combs to the best advantage, and shut off the chances of a diseased
colony being robbed out during the dearth of spring, by perhaps two
oi' more of your healthy ones.

Uniting Weak Colonies in Spring. — A beginner, who has
a number of weak colonies in the spring, is likely to thinly he will
help matters by uniting them. Those of more experience know that a
number of very weak colonics united in the spring will disappear in
just the same time as if left separate, but that there is some gain by
uniting one or more such weaklings or dwindlers with a fairly strong
colony. They have learned this from experience, but perhaps no one
has heretofore given the reason why. The following from Arthur C.
Miller in Gleanings in Bee-Culture is refreshing;

A colony weak in the spring is composed very largely or entirely
of old bees. They must keep warm, gather food, and rear brood.
Each day their numbers dr.crease rapidly, and but few young bees are
hatched to take their placb. The old bees are enfeebled; they easily
succumb to the adverse weather conditions, and wear out quickly, the
effort to keep warm aud rear brood being too much for them to do
successfully. Unite several such colonies, and you have not materially
changed the conditions. It is just as hard tor them to feed brood ;

nearly as much energy is required to keep the necessary heat, and
their death-rate is the xum of that of the individual colonies. But put
one or more such weaklings with a good colony, the old bees are at
once relieved of all nurse duty, and of playing furnace. They start
out from a warm hive, and can put every bit of their waning strength
into gathering nectar, the usual work of such bees under normal con-
ditions. While they last they are a real aid to the strong colony;
and when they are gone, young bees nourished by the nectar they
have gathered, are ready to take their places.

Uniting in the fall is generally done under reversed conditions.
The bees are almost always young, or a large part of them are; brood-
rearing is decreasing, and field-labor is about over, consequently a
combination then of several small colonies into one good-sized one is
successful it done early enough.

A Hive-Entrance Reducer, gotten up by Mr. L. M. Gilbert,
of Dupage Co., 111., is described as follows:

The engraving herewith represents a piece of wood % ol an inch
square and I4I4 inches long, with a space cut out on one side s^ of an
inch by 11 inches (B in the illustration), and on one adjoining side '-'^
of an inch by 2 inches (A in the illustration), and is designed as a
reducer for the deep entrance of the Danzen baker bottom-board, the

combined bottom-board and hive-stand, or any entrance of J^ inch
or less in depth.

This is to be placed on the bottom-board with cut-out down, and
pushed under the front of the hive-body even with the front.

A small staple or nail driven on the inside of each side-piece of
the bottom-board, and on a line with the inside of the front of the
hive, will prevent it going under too far.

It using the 'V-inch side of a reversible bottom-board, and wishing
to reduce the entrance, it can be placed flat side against the front of
the hive with the small opening down. With the deep entrance and
one of the spacing sticks you can have any one of three size openings.
The spaces may be varied to suit the individual.

Without the use of a bee-veil, or disturbing the bees in any way,
you can walk up to the side of the hive and remove or place in posi-
tion one of the reducers at tenor more hives in the same time that
you could lift a hive from the bottom-board, reverse it, and set the
hive back in place.

If the stick is not in use it can be lelt on the cover, and will be
always at hand when needed, The length, as given above, is for a 10-
frame hive, but it one inch is cut off of each end it will fit an S-frame
hive.

One hundred of these sticks make a package only 9 inches square
and 14)4 inches long. L. M. Gilbert.

Why Demand for Honey Sometimes Falls Off. — Here

are some words of M. Moyer, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, that some
bee-keepers ought to paste in their hats and read over semi-frequently :

At present it seems to be the aim of bee-keepers to get their hone3'
off their hands at the highest prices, and care very little what be-
comes of it after that. They have not studied sufficiently the impor-
tance of creating a greater demand for their goods. A pail of good
honey, sold in good condition, will create a demand for another one;
but it it does not give satisfaction it spoils the sale of perhaps a dozen.
I know from personal experience that families averaged 10 pounds a
month as long as they got a good article, and that one pail of inferior
cut off that demand tor a whole year. They imagined they got tired
of honey, when the fact was the honey was not up to the mark.

Honey as a l1eaIth=Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3 'ix6 inches) wliich is desig-ned to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your busine.<;s card
printed at the bottom.of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook :
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERFCAN BEE JOURNAL.

261

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago.
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page 245.)
FOUL BROOD — ITS CAUSE AND CURE.

A Member — That larva that lies down against the side
of the cell, is that after the cell is capped ?

Mr. France — It has probably been capped ; it is begin-
ning to have this sunken appearance, and about to begin
that perforation in there ?

A Member — Then you can not detect foul brood in cells
that have never been capped ?

Mr. France — I should usually say no, unless you have
been schooling yourself on this, and looking for it before
hand.

A Member — Would the introduction of the queen from a
foul-broody colony received through the mails introduce
foul brood ?

Mr. France — Well, I am not a queen-breeder, nor don't
want to affect any one's market. I will say yes and no ; no,
providing you take that queen-bee and introduce her in a
clean cage and destroy the cage that she came in. Right
on that point : In the largest county of our State we had a
peculiar case. There were some 40 odd hives, new that sea-
son from a supply house, that had never had bees in them ;
he had put his new swarms in them ; the old queens were
not desirable ones ; he sent to one of our distant cities for
some queens — five of them — and introduced them iu the
cages they came in. After a time he wrote me that there
was something wrong in those hives, and so remarkable ^n
instance was it, that it was every other all in one row, it
excited my curiosity. How could it be so, and what was the
cause ? No other bees in the vicinity were diseased. Why
should these be, and in that peculiar way ? Finally I learned
that these five queens had been introduced in those same
hives ; then I said, " You put it there. Where did you get
your queens?" He told me, and I said, " That apiary is
diseased ; I know it has been for some time."

I have answered a good many questions in our State,
and I have written out the answers and questions, making
them very short, and will read them ; they may be of help
to some one here :

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON FOUL BROOD.

1. How does foul brood become contagious? By rob-
ber-bees getting diseased honey.

2. Do the germs float in the air and thus spread ? No.
Often bees hatch from diseased combs.

3. Are any combs from a diseased colony safe to use ?
If so, what and where ? Combs above a queen-excluder, or
those never having had brood in are generally safe if they
have been cleaned out by the bees and exposed to the air
for some time. They need careful inspection before using;
also after.

4. Is honey from diseased hives safe for people to use ?
Yes, but not desirable.

5. Can honey from diseased combs be safely fed to bees ?
Yes, if boiled first. By that word boiled, I mean the honey
boiled — all to boil, and stir it while boiling.

6. Is foundation from diseased combs safe to use ? Yes.
I proved this in 82 trials.

7. Does foul brood affect adult bees ? I think not much.
They gather honey and swarm.

8. How long will it take foul brood to destroy an apiary?
That depends upon conditions, seasons, etc. I know of 108
colonies, strong in April, and all dead inside of one year.
Others were diseased more or less for 12 years, but they had
fair management that saved them. Usually one ti three
years.

9. Will a queen from a diseased colony produce diseased
brood? No; but I know of several cases where the intro-

duction of foreign queens in the cages they came in caused
disease. It is not safe to use foreign cages to introduce
queens in. Put the queen in a clean cage on arrival, and
burn the other and bees in it.

10. Is honey stored above the brood in boxes or super-
combs safe to use? Yes, for people, and possibly for bees.
I know it is if boiled before using.

11. Are super-combs partly drawn out over diseased
brood, that have not had honey stored in them, safe to use ?
Yes, as a rule.

12. Is there any danger of using tools that have been
used in handling diseased bees ? Yes, if they have become
soiled or stained with honey from the diseased hive.

13. How do you disinfect such ? Plenty of hot water
kills the germs

14. Can you cure this disease late in the fall. If so,
how ? If you have plenty of sealed honey in healthy combs,
after brood-rearing is over, place the combs in a clean hive
and drive the bees in it with smoke, or, better, brush them
from the combs into the new hive, and the colony is cured.
The diseased combs to be treated later. But if you have
not the above, and the bees have a good supply of honey
and bees, they will winter, and then treat them next spring.
Take great care that no robber-bees enter the hives.

15. What harm is it if you make public the names of
places diseased, or owners of such bees ? Allow me to illus-
trate : Your bees are diseased ; you sell queens ; I make
public foul brood among your bees. How many queens
would you sell ? The same is true in the sale of honey. On
the other hand, we at once cure the bees, and everything is
perfectly safe — then your business is as before. The Na-
tional Association can do a good deal in this line some day.

16. Is it necessary to burn anything to cure foul brood ?
No. But often it is good economy. It all depends upon
surrounding conditions.

17. How do you cleanse a diseased hive to make it safe
to use again ? Generally all that is needed is to scrape the
inside of the hive. But if honey has been soaked into the
lumber I would use some boiling water. The danger, as a
rule, is not in the hive. Wm. McEvoy has cured thousands
of cases and not scalded the hives.

18. Is there any danger of buying combs to use ? Yes.
I know of many cases where that was the means of con-
tracting disease. Also using implements from strangers.

19. Is solar or sun extracted wax, honey, or the refuse
from such, safe to use ? No, not if any diseased combs
were in the extractor. It is not hot enough.

20. Is there any danger in buying second-hand honey-
cans or barrels? Yes. And I want to say second-hand
goods of any kind are poor property to store honey in.
Especially the 60-pound tin can, if emptied by manufac-
turers.

21. Will pickled brood, or black brood, produce foul
brood? No. They are separate and a different germ. They
are not liable to be in the same hive. Small-pox will not
produce diphtheria, scarlet fever, or typhoid fever.

22. Can foul brood be cured by abundant feeding ? A'o,
so long as there is an abundance of feed coming in, either
from natural sources or from feeders. When the supply
stops, and brood is fed from stored honey from a diseased
cell, said larv£e will become diseased and die.

23. Will a foul-broody colony swarm ? Yes, it is often
the case. Diseased lightly.

24. Will a diseased colony carry disease while swarm-
ing ? Yes, it is liable to do so.

25. If such a colony goes to the woods, will that bee-
tree be diseased ? No. I have proven this in four cases at
least. Said bees are without any combs or even foundation
in the tree until they have produced it, and by that time
they have consumed what diseased honey they took with
them.

26. How, then, can a bee-tree become diseased ? By the
bees from the tree robbing some diseased colony.

27. In a locality where foul brood exists, if all diseased
colonies are treated, is there not great danger from diseased
bee-trees near by ? No. A diseased bee-tree will soon
have no live bees, and the squirrels and bee-moths will soon
dispose of everything in the tree. This I have also fjrovea
in several cases.

28. Are any of the drug treatments a sure cure ? No.
They only check it for a time.

29. Is there any sure-cure method ? The McEvoy treat-
ment cures every time, if carefully followed.

30. What is the real cause of foul brood ? It is hard to
tell. We know conditions where it produced disease.

31. If my bees are diseased what will it cost to cure
them? and can I expect anything from them the same sea-

262

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

son ? In Wisconsin it costs the bee-keeper about 2S cents
per colony ; also my board for one or two meals, if I help
him. We save the wax, honey, hives, and bees, losing only
the brood at the time of treating. I take as my baggage a
latest improved wax-press, and it is freely used. Every
bee-keeper should have one. In an apiary I inspected the first
of July every colony was more or less diseased. I gave in-
structions what to do : the owner did as directed ; I returned
23 days later — hives full of combs and brood, and 48 finished
sections per hive. Basswood bloom.

32. If there is no disease in our part of the country why
do we need any one to inspect our bees ? You do not know
the condition of your neighbors' bees — no, not so well as
your bees do. There is too much exchanging among bee-
keepers, and buying queens and other supplies from
strangers.

33. Should every State have legislation on foul brood ?
Yes. If so, and the laws are enforced, the disease would
soon be gone.

34. How can legislation be secured ? Very easily. All
join your State Association, and through that you can get
what you ask for. Of course, all such will belong to the
National Bee-Keepers' Association.

A Member — Will bees that are diseased by foul brood
show more viciousness, and more easily attack a person that
raps on the hive ?

Mr. France — No, sir, I think not ; if anything there will
be a tendency, I think, the other way.
(Coatiaued next week.)

<.J!L^!t>j!t>^.^iCJ:CJiL^:l>^!C^.jtC^.JiC^.^iCJ!CJ!C^tL^M

iWT^

Contributed Articles. ^

Emptying Unfinished Sections and Using
for Baits.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLB.

I QUITE like that department of " Our Bee-Keeping Sis-
ters " in the American Bee Journal. It is all of it good
reading, very interesting, and a help to the men as well
as to the women. But there is a sentence on page 199 that
I cannot understand, and when I do not understadd a thing
I am almost sure to ask, "Why? " The sentence is this :

" We want our sections all emptied in the fall, as we
use them for bait-sections, and would consider them spoiled
for that purpose if the honey was allowed to candy in them,
as it will be sure to do if left till spring."

Now what I want to know is, U'/iy would Miss Wilson
consider bait-sections spoiled because honey had candied in
them ? Will she please tell us in her department, and then
we can all know of this matter ?

With the exception of one year, I have always left my
partly filled sections till spring to be cleaned out, and if
they are spoiled for baits for this reason, I did not know it.
And the honey always candies in them to a greater or less
extent, the same as she hints at its doing in Illinois.

One year I tried the "robbing" plan in the fall, and
supposed I followed the directions given for this job to a 'T,
but when I came to overhaul the supers I found fully one-
fourth of the combs in them so torn that they were practi-
cally spoiled as far as their being of any use for baits. I
then decided that I would follow my old plan of having them
cleaned in the spring ; and now Miss Wilson tells me they
will be spoiled if I do this.

One of the reasons for my leaving them till spring is
that the bees are always sure to clean them, and that with-
out tearing the combs in them, by placing them over al-
most any colony of bees ; but if so placed in the fall they
will often fail to clean them, and so I have to remove them
partially cleaned when I come to prepare the bees for win-
ter.

The second reason why I leave them for spring is, that
I can at this time feed any colony which may be short of
stores, and to do it in a way that will stimulate brood-rear-
ing to such an extent that I often gain more from the brood
thus reared (when turned into bees for the honey harvest)
than the honey would be worth for any other purpose. With
the fall " robbing " plan we cannot feed the colonies we
want to ; in fact the larger part of the honey thus fed is
gotten by just the colonies which do not need it at all.

The way I do this spring feeding to have sections
cleaned out is to put a sheet of enameled cloth, the size of
the top of the hive, over the frames, and on this placed a
"bee-quilt," so that the enameled cloth will be kept warm,
and thus drops of water will not form on the outside, as it
will if only the enameled cloth is used, on cool nights.

This enameled cloth has one of the front corners turned
up sp that a few bees can pass through at a time, and on
this is set a super of wide frames — to the number used when
full, lacking one — and these are spread about a bee-space
apart. On this super is set the super of part-filled sections,
the sealed part of which has the sealing broken with a wire
hair-brush, or by passing a table-knife flatwise over the
capping. This allows the honey which drips from the
broken cells to fall down on the wide frames, and then drip-
ping down through them and over them on to the enameled
cloth below, to an extent sufficient to rouse the bees to great
activity ; and the carrying of the honey causes them to feed
the queen, and she in turn lays lots of eggs, while the ex-
citement of the whole keeps the brood-chamber up to that
point of heat at which brood-rearing is carried on to the
best advantage.

Opening hives a week after they have been so treated,
I have found them with more than doubled brood, and
thought I was doing a nice thing in this way. But Miss
Wilson says not.

The combs are left on till I want them for use, when
this super of cleaned sections is raised up (as we do in tak-
ing off filled supers), a bee-escape board slipped under, and
the next day or two the whole is taken off free from bees ;
and, so far as I can see, in perfect condition in every way.
And why should this not be so ? Why are they not cleaned
as perfectly as by the fall robbing plan ? Allow me to ask
Miss Wilson if she has tried bait-sections cleaned in the fall
and those cleaned in the spring, side by side in the supers
during the next honey harvest? If so, could you detect any
difference between those cleaned in the fall and those
cleaned in the spring, after both were filled with new honey ?
I have tried this, and I could not detect the least particle of
difference in any way, shape or manner.

Can't the bees clean sections or the cells of the honey-
comb as clean in the spring as in the fall ? They always
do, so far as I know. Can't they clean them clean and free
from honey, whether candied or otherwise, in the spring,
summer, or fall ? I know it has been claimed that all the
candied honey is not cleaned out, and hence the new honey
in spring-cleaned sections is tainted by the old candied
honey, and thus the new is made to candy in the combs.
But all of my experience goes to prove that such claim is a
fallacy ?

Did Miss Wilson say what she did, from a belief in this
old assertion, taking it for granted that it was true 7 or has
she other reasons for the sentence quoted ? If other reasons
the whole bee-fraternity stands " agape " for those reasons.

I consider this thought, that no section should be used
after honey has candied in the cells of the comb therein, as
a relic of the past, when it was asserted by some that the
whole section once having been worked in by the bees so as
to store it partly full, was fit for nothing hence forward but
to melt up the comb and make fire-wood of the wood part.
I fought such advocacy of waste, at the time, as did others,
and supposed the whole idea had been dropped, till I noted
that sentence from the pen of Miss Wilson.

Now if spring-cleaned sections are just as good as those
cleaned in the fall, bee-keepers want to know it. From my
own experience, by testing the two side by side several dif-
ferent times, / say they are. What substantial proof can
be given saying they are not ? It is not sufficient to say we
have known honey to candy in them. So have I known it
to candy in newly-built combs, and those fall-cleaned, and
in some seasons quicker than in others. But I have never
known of it candying any quicker in the sections which
were cleaned in the spring than in those cleaned in the fall.
If the spring-cleaned are just as good, there is much advan-
tage in leaving the part-filled sections to be cleaned at that
time, as all bee-keepers will readily see without my taking
time to enumerate the advantages here more than I have
done in the above.

There was a time when it was said that comb founda-
tion in sections was of little advantage unless it could be
put in the same righf fresh from the mill, and immediately
on the hives. This I fought also, and proved by testing the
fresh and that four years old, side by side, that the bees ac-
cepted one as quickly and as readily as the other ; and every-
body now purchases foundation at any time of the year
when most convenient, which is a help to them and the
manufacturers, much above what it would have been to

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

263

have clung to a fallacy repeated o'er and o'er, first made by
some one who only ^«fiit'</ that he was telling the truth.
And I expect that this matter of only fall-cleaned scclions
will turn out the same way when careful experiments are
made along this line. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Sulphuring Honey to Protect from Bee-
Moths.

BY D. M. KKTCHAM.

I OFTEN notice in the American Bee Journal references
to fumes of sulphur having injurious effect on honey-
comb and not killing the larvaj of bee-moths. As I have
acquired some experience of value to me on this subject, I
will g.ive it to benefit other readers.

There seems to be a difference of opinion among bee-
keepers in using the fumes of sulphur to kill the larv;L- of
the bee-moth, while others object to its use on account of
coloring the comb and thus reducing its value when placed
•on the market.

In 1870 we had four apiaries that averaged 55 colonies
each, and at that time we used a four-pound box containing
two combs, and after taking the boxes of honey from the
hives and keeping it from the larvM of the bee-moth until
sold was to me a disappointment, one way or the other. If
we sulphured it, it looked yellow, green and white — rain-
bow like — didn't please the eye, and brought less money. If
we did not use sulphur the larvK of the bee-moth made
many boxes unfit to place on the market.

But in sulphuring we noticed some of the combs yellow
or green, while other combs remained white and free from
color. This set us to thinking that there was a right way
and a wrong way Of doing things. We worked hard to find
the right way, for we believe it pays well to learn which
way that is.

After experimenting a great deal, and learning nothing
of value, one morning, very early in the wee hours, I awoke
with my head full of " bee-biz." And it appeared to me the
damp or wet combs only were colored by the fumes in sul-
phuring. So that very morning we took 20 boxes of honey
and placed them on the table near an open window so the
wind would blow all about them, and left them there until
2 p.m. Then they were taken to the house used for sul-
phuring and placed on the racks. Then 20 boxes of honey
was selected that was damp, or "sweating," as it is called,
and placed in the house on racks opposite the other 20 first
taken there.

The house used for sulphuring was 6 feet square and 7
feet high. A hole was dug outside, extending under the
house, and bricked up, and this is where 24 ounces of brim-
stone was burned for one hour. Then the door was opened,
with the results obtained.

Since that experiment we have not had any colored
comb or section honey damaged by the larvae of the bee-
moth. It was a success.

Please gently inform Dr. Miller that it will kill them
every time. (Page 695 — 1901). Say, Doctor, what about
those fellows an inch long ? My boys say if we would let
them grow to be that size our combs would all have a " veil "
over them. Wayne Co., N. Y.

Starting and Managing Out-Apiaries.

BY C. P. DADANT.

" Will you please tell me whether you think It will pay me to
start an out-apiary about three miles from my home yard! Caa I
profitably keep 50 colonies in each place { I like the bee-busines;? and
have succeeded in winteriug my bees for ten winters with a loss of
only 3 or 4 colonies, and have now 48 colonies in the cellar. Dou't
you think it will be a good honey-year? I produce only extracted
"honey. — T. L., Fayette Co., Iowa.

I believe it will always pay a man to keep bees in a
fairly good country, if he likes the business and enjoys it.
Kven if he hasn't much liking for it, if he has determina-
tion and is not afraid of the stings, and is careful and in-
dustrious, he can make bee-keeping pay.

When I was a boy I had no liking for bee-culture. The
stings proved exceedingly painful, and although my father
was always at his bees and spent a goodly portion of his
time watching them and overhauling them, I often assorted
that I would never be a bee-keeper. But when I becaiiK" 18
years old, my father happened to take sick with hay-fever
during the very best honey-ilow that I have ever seen. He
asked me to go to the bees. So I fixed myself up and sum-

moned my courage and went to work. What I saw in the
apiary during the few hours of that day's work made a bee-
keeper of me. The hives were literally running over with
honey. Some colonies that had no supers had managed to
find their way into the cap and had built snow-white combs
running the entire length of that cap and those combs were
shining with honey. Hives that had been provided with
supers, probably because their colonies were stronger, had
those supers full ; one or two colonies had begun work under
the bottom-board, and two or three swarms, harvested a
week or so previously, had their hive-bodies about full and
were ready for supers. I went to work with a will, tried to
follow instructions as to the proper handling, and found it
was pleasant work, after all.

I must remind you, however, that bees are very much
more peacable when harvesting large quantities of honey
than at other times, so I did not become too much discour-
aged at first with stings, and after awhile I had become so
inoculated that the stings were no longer dreaded.

From that day on there were two bee-keepers in our
home, instead of one. But I did not have the patience of
investigation that my father had. I was willing, however,
to work under his instructions. We had a big crop that
year, but the following one was bad. Still we kept on, and
within three or four years we had enough bees to make it
necessary to start an out-apiary.

Our aim has always been to keep about 80 colonies in
one spot. Whenever the number exceeded this quantity, we
began colonizing in a new apiary. We usually started with
from 20 to 35 colonies in the new place, increasing by artifi-
cial or natural swarming as occasion offered. We used a
few small hives at first, but gradually changed them into
larger ones. Little by little we increased until we became
possessors of six apiaries, numbering between 400 and 500
colonies. But we have long since decreased from that
number. Other things demanded our attention, and we
were compelled to trust the handling of the bees to other
hands.

There is an undoubted profit in handling bees on a
large scale. We have had several crops that have netted us,
all labor paid, from $2,500 to $2,800 in honey and wax. The
outlay is small, but it takes a determination to attend to the
work, at the proper time and in the proper way.

Some men never succeed with bees because they lack
the knowledge of some of the most simple require-
ments, or because they do not employ good judgment.
For instance, I have seen a bee-keeper, whom I had
thought a practical man, take three combs out of a hive of
bees and return them wrong end foremost and improperly
placed. That is, in replacing the combs in the hive he put
the honey at the front, when it should be at the rear — the
place where the bees usually put it so as to defend it against
intruders ; and he placed a comb of brood on the outside of
the cluster, separating it from the others with a comb of
honey. It was at a season when the brood should be kept
together so as to be cared for easily, the weather being
cool. Either this man had no judgment, or he was unaware
of the necessary precautions in handling bees. This is
seemingly a trifling matter, but it constitutes the difference
between the successful apiarist and the unsuccessful one.
If you have kept bees for ten years and have succeeded well,
I will vouch these small matters have caught your eye, that
YOU know how and when to open your hives, and that when
you leave an apiary for a week or more, you can feel reason-
ably sure that nothing will suffer in your absence unless
some accident happens. That is one of the requirements in
the establishment of an out-apiary. We cannot be there
continually, and at each visit the hives must be left in such
shape that we may be confident that there will be no rob-
bing of a weak colony, no starving of a destitute one, nor
any lack of room in the supers during a heavy flow.

Of course the bees must be located near some house, so
that possible swarms may be harvested. But I see that in
one of the best honey-producing sections that I have ever
visited (in Colorado), they do not think it necessary to put
their bees near a house. The out-apiaries there are most
usually placed in the middle of an orchard, or in some
corner of a field, or under some cottonwoods, without any
attention, except from the owner, who comes to them from
time to time.

The production of extracted honey in an out-apiary is a
very good method, and I will speak on this matter in some
future article.

1903 PROSPECTS AS A HONEY-YEAR.

Do I think this will be a good honey-year? Yes, I do,
as much as I may be able to judge. The white clover has

264

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

not been so bright and as plentiful as it is now for 12 to 13
years. But, for all that, we can never be sure of a good sea-
son ahead of time. The causes that make the nectar to ap-
pear in the blossoms are beyond human knowledge thus far.
We all have an indistinct idea that it takes warmth, mois-
ture and an atmosphere charged with electricity. But pre-
dictions on the weather — the one who says the least is the
best prophet, because he runs the least risk of making a
mistake. Hancock Co., 111.

Don't Let Swarms Get Into a Mix-Up.

HY WM. m'EVOY.

LAST season was the worst one ever known in Ontario
for many swarms rushing out at the same time, and all
clustering in one great cluster. Where this takes place
it uses up much of the bee-keeper's time in putting thing-s to
rights, and delays all his other work, which needs very
prompt attention, and ends the season with many dollars
short in his honey crop.

Last summer I saw the swarms coming out of eleven of
my colonies at the same time. I called my help and we
very promptly covered ten of them with quilts, and sheets,
and left the one that had the most bees out go on and alight,
which it did; and before they had half clustered four more
colonies started swarming, and these were just as promptly
stopped by covering them with quilts which went down to
the ground, and hung out about a foot from the hives ; and
under these quilts the bees rushed out of their hives pell-
mell for a few minutes, and then returned back into their
hives.

—J As I keep all my queens' wings clipped, and finding
the swarm up the tree not returning, I knew that it must
have a young queen with it, and at once hived that swarm,
and promptly took the quilts off the 14 colonies so as to let
in the field-bees that were coming home hunting for their
hives. I then went to work, and divided the bees and made
a swarm from each of these 14 colonies, which I had pre-
vented from swarming, and secured a good yield of honey.
I hit on this method over 25 years ago, and have practiced
it every since, and it has been worth many dollars to me.

Ontario, Canada.

^ Association Notes. |

The Foul Brood Bill in Illinois.

Reports from Springfield are very encouraging. Pres.
Smith and Sec. Stone, of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association, are on the ground, and go to see some of the
lawmakers every week or two. If the bill becomes a law
we can thank the few bee-keepers who have personally
labored with their representatives in the IvCgislature.

As we understand the situation now, the Legislature of
Illinois will adjourn about May 1, and between now and
then we will probably learn our fate. The most serious
danger that threatens us is that our bill will be smothered
by a multitude of other bills in the rush of the last days of
the session. But we have done all we could. The fact that
ihe two Associations have joined /ia7ids in efforts for the bill,
may have enough weight with the Legislature to cause
favorable action.

Let me sound a note of warning : Don't any of you
break your hearts if we fail. This may be only the open-
ing wedge to break into a success in the next meeting of the
Legislature, in 1905. Then we can go at them with an
added force from our experience of the present.

I wish to say right here that less than a dozen have
taken enough interest to subscribe money in aid of our bill.
Possibly less than joo, all told, have written to the members
of the Legislature and given any thought to the mattter.
And there are 35,000 bee-keepers in Illinois I If we fail, can
you guess why? Herman F. Moore,

Chairman Foul Brood Committee,
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' Association.

Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters |

Conducted bu EMMfl M, WILSON, Marengo, 111.

The Spring- and the Bees.

This has been rather an unusual spring. March 7 we
took out some 20 colonies of bees, let them have a good
flight, and carried them back into the cellar again. March
13, we took out 20 colonies, and left them out. March 19,
the thermometer stood at 75 degrees, and we took all the
rest out. Really, the weather was so warm that they might
just as well have been taken out two weeks before, although
we have had two or three snow-storms since.

One day the thermometer stood at 76, and the bees were
having a lovely time bringing in such large loads of pollen,
and the next day the ground was covered with snow.

Taking it all in all, I am glad we took them out when
we did, although it might have been better to have carried
the weaker ones back to the cellar during the storms. The
time for bringing the bees out of the cellar, as well as the
matter of returning, is rather a troublesome question to
decide. Who can tell just what is best ?

Our bees wintered finely, and came out in good condi-
tion as far as we can judge from outside appearances, con-
sidering they were put into the cellar under very adverse
circumstances. On account of having a furnace put in we
were obliged to leave the bees out until December. They
were carried in the 8th and 9th, after the thermometer stood
at 8 degrees below zero.

We have not done any overhauling yet, because for a
month past everything else has been set aside for the tab-
ernacle meetings, led by Rev. W. A. Sunday, with audiences
of 800 to 1200, resulting in more than 200 conversions.

April 2 I picked a dandelion in blossom. Pretty early
for Illinois ; but everything is early this year.

The Chayote as a Honey-Plant.

Have any of our bee-keepers had experience with the
chayote ? Not the coyote belonging to the genus canis,
whose name is so similar to that of the tropical plant, but
the chayote, Sechium edule, the vegetable pear.

However, it is on account of the chayote's value as a
beeplant, and not in regard to the edible qualities of its
fruit that I am chiefly interested. But as to any personal
knowledge concerning this Mexican vegetable, I have that
yet to learn, though if all goes well my experience will not
be afar off, inasmuch as I have planted the seed early this
month, keeping, of course, the buried treasure indoors, until
all danger of frost is over, before transplanting.

Although a plant of the tropics, the chayote can be
grown in cool latitudes, it is said, therefore I hope it will
take kindly to Indiana soil. The instructions state that it
requires a somewhat sheltered situation, and something to
climb upon ; also, that it is the universal practice to plant
the entire fruit instead of extracting the seed, and planting
it alone.

The United States Department of Agriculture, Division
of Botany, published a Bulletin by O. F. Cook, concerning
the chayote. It contains a number of plates, and is a beau-
tiful and interesting pamphlet, and, as far as known, this
paper is " the first adequate account of the nature, culture,
and economic value of this promising member of the squash
family."

Regarding its value as a bee-plant, the Bulletin states :

" As in other vegetables of the squash family, the
stamens and pistils are in separate flowers, pollination tak-
ing place through the agency of insects. To attract these
the flowers of both kinds, but especially the pistillate, yield
abundant nectar, which is secreted in ten glands, two at the
base of each of the lobes of the corolla. In most of the
countries into which it has been introduced bee-keeping has
not been a regular industry, and the value of the chayote
as a source of honey has not been noticed, but the reports
of experimenters in New South Wales contain very em-
phatic statements on the subject :

'"When the plant is in flower I have noticed that the
vines were swarming with bees, and as flowers are scarce

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

265

in the autumn the plant will no doubt be valuable as a
honey-producer :'

" It has long been known that the flowers of this family
are rich in honey, but from the standpoint of the beekeeper
they have been considered of little importance because sel-
dom accessible in sufficient amount, though in the United
States fields are recognized as good bee-pastures. The
chayote seems to make up by numbers what the tlowers
lack in size, so that the yield of honey may be larger than
in related plants. In addition to this there is the fact that
Sechium is a perennial bloomer in the tropics, and in the
subtropical regions has a very long season."

Wayne Co., Ind. Kate V. Austin.

The "Old Reliable" seen throuKh New and Unreliable Qlasses.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

SELLING LIGHT-WEIGHT CASES AND SECTIONS OF HONEY.

The Chicago Convention seemed to have quite a discus-
sion about the honesty of selling light-weight sections and
cases. All right. Let there be more such discussions. In
the long run daylight is apt to have a wholesome effect upon
naughty deeds. Here's a chunk of wisdom to help things
along : Some practices are essentially and incurably wrong.
Some practices not necessarily dishonest are objectionable
because they lend themselves to dishonesty so easily. The
good man may yield to the latter because he has to ; but at
the former kind the good man stops off. If he is found do-
ing them his title of " good man " gets a bad dent in it.
The paternal desire to make other people be honest as well
as ourselves is good within certain bounds, but has been
known to be carried too far. Page 164.

KINKS IN FORMING NUCLEI.

Two good items not universally known on forming
nuclei : Make them toward the close of several days of bad
weather, and the bees will not go home nearly so badly.
Mixed bees from several colonies do not go home so badly
as is the case when the bees are all from one colony. The
last item is something of a curiosity, and is worthy of
study to find out why. Doolittle, page 165.

A POETICAL MlX-UP ABOUT HIVES.

When Mr. Aikin gets into the thick of the fight defend-
ing his new hive he slumps into poetry and says —

" Mr. Doolittle kicks
About a few sticks."

Yes, and there's the Styx, across which our bees might
be landed by a few ill-fated kicks — the pranks of new in-
ventors— " if we don't watch out." I fear Mr. Aikin, in his
defense, ignored the weakest point — brood-nest pushed
across the sticks only a few days ago, and lo, here comes a
long, cold storm with winds. I rather fear the brood-nest
will recross the sticks, and the exposed young brood below
cross the Styx. Page 166. (Please don't allow yourself to
lose that concluding rhyme.)

KINGS NOT ENCOIKAGED IN THIS "LOCALITY."

Name of the king of Finland wanted, eh ? And Dr.
Miller hadn't even the grace to say, " I don't know." Knew
all about the king of Finland, of course, but couldn't let a
child in the apicultural kindergarten be wandering from the
subject so. Page 168.

FORMALIN VAPOR FOR FOUL BROOD.

It's not a thing to rush into in a headlong manner, but
up to date the power of formalin vapor to extinguish all
germs of foul-brood seems one of the most promising new
things. Promises to be better than destruction of thenombs
at any time, and immensely better on the numerous occa-
sions when bees are disinclined to build on account of poor
honey-flow. Page 180.

FEF.DING SOUR HONEY TO BBES.

As to the problem of working over soured honey, it
seems to be granted by all that it may be fed ii; warm
weather as a supply for hungry brood. Possible, of )urse,
but may we not have been too hasty in assumintr hat it

was profitable ? If a man should stand up and call that a.
very unprofitable thing to do, how could we refute him ?
When damaged honey is fed to bees with the idea of mak-
ing them renovate it and store it as surplus, I //ihiH this is
the way they proceed :

They take it into their stomachs, fly around with it,
eject the greater portion as urine, and finally store the lesser
portion as sound, or nearly sound honey. (Reason why so
few find " feeding back " profitable. ) Now is it not prob-
able that they do this same thing in breeding-time before
any of it actually gets to the brood? And may they not
wear themselves out in the process more than the amount
of food saved will pay for ? Put it, if you please, at the
rate of ten old bees worn out for nine young ones reared.
Bees in mid spring are precious things, and we want to fig-
ure close on them.

When we heat damaged honey some of the badness is
evaporated out, or foamed out ; but the acids stay in — and
so I fear do most of those things of mean taste which the
chemist has not got around to name yet. Good honey has
a remarkable power to disguise bad flavors. So this is what
takes place — I guess — in the cooking down ; we get rid of
the alcohols and mucilages and part of the water. Then
the thickened honey — that part of it not damaged — disguises
to some extent the other bad things. Not very satisfactory.
Honey and virture and beautiful snow
Better not soil in the first place, you know.

Page 181.

CONDUCTED BY

r>R. O. O. AlILLES.. M^areafgo, HI,

[The Qttestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers by mail.— Editor.1

anestlons by a Beginner.

1. How can I put a swarm of bees into a hive with all those frames
in its If I would move the frames over while dumping the bees in,
they would come out before I could put the frames back and cover the
hive. My hives are chaff hives.

2. How does the queen-cell look when the bees are going to
swarm? Does it look any different from the other cells at an3' time?

3. Will the scent of sulphur hurt the bees? Will they stay in the
hive?

4. Where is the queen when the bees cluster in a bunch on a limb?
Where does the queen stay in a hive?

5. How can I tell when other bees are robbing mine? How can I
stop them?

I'l. Where do I clip the queen's wings? Will a pair of sharp shears
do it?

7. When is the best time to put on sections, before the bees
swarm, or when they first start out in the spring?

Pennsylvania.

Answers.— 1. If a swarm is gently dumped right on top of the
frames the bees will go down of themselves without moving the
frames. But it may be better to put the swarm at the entrance of the
hive and let them run in.

2. A sealed queen-cell looks like a peanut at all times.

3. It will do no harm.

4. The queen may be anywhere in the bunch on the limb, and in a
hive generally on or near the brood.

5. Catch a bee as it is leaving the hive, crack it open, and if it has
honey in its sac it's a robber belonging to you or some one else. One
way to stop robbing, if you can stop it at all, is to pile a lot of hay or
straw at the entrance and sides clear to the top of the hive, and keep
it thoroughly wet.

6. Yes, almost any scissors will do — sheep-shears would be too
large— and you may cutoff half or more of the wings on one side.

7. Put on sections when the chief honey-How begins— in your
region about as soon as you see white clover in bloom.

How to Detect Poul Brood.

I have been reading the American Bee Journal tor about three
months carefully, and Prof. Cook's book, and have been noticing par-
ticularly what is said about foul brood. 1 have 9 colonies of bees; I
bought 4 colonies in the winter, and have been suspicious of one col-
ony for some time, for fear they have foul brood, on account of the
different odor in the hives. They tly out and work as strong as al-
most any of the rest. What is the best way to know whether they
have foul brood or not? How long will a colony live after it gets foul

266

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23. 1903.

■brood? and how long will it. take others to become infected, sitting
side by side of them. What shall I do with them if they have iti
Please explain as plainly as possible, as I am beginner.

Missouri.

Answer. — This letter illustrates what was said in this journal
editorially not very long ago, when it was urged that every one should
study up carefully in advance the subject of foul brood. You will
find in your text-book answers to most of your questions more full
than it is possible to give in this department.

Look on page 47.5 in Cook's " Bee-Keeper's Guide," and after
reading the instruction there about the holes in the cappings and the
springing back of the rotten larva' you can make a pretty safe guess
as to whether you have foul brood or not; whereas I can't tell a thing
about it from the information you have given.

A colony may live a few months or several years after it has foul
brood, and it will take the other colonies as long to contract the dis-
ease as it will take them to get the least drop of honey from the dis-
eased colony. You will do well to send 25 cents to the oflice of the
American Bee Journal to get a special pamphlet on foul brood.

Varieties of Bees— Feeding.

1. It would be of interest to see in the American Bee Journal what
an Italian bee is, where the Carniolians, Goldens, Moore's and Holy
Lands Brst originated, and what the different natures of each strain of
bees are.

3. To stimulate early brood-rearing, is it necessary to feed every
day, or would one good feeding a week be sufficient, where feeding on
the bottom-board inside of the hive? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Yes, a few of the readers of these pages would be
interested to read all about the different races of bees, but thousands
of them would say, " We don't want space taken up with that, for we
all have it in our text-books." This department is only supplemen-
tary to the text-books, and not intended to take their place.

2. If flowers ace not yielding and weather is warm, the natural
harvest will be more nearly imitated by a little every day, or every
other day, than by one feed a week.

Feeding Sugar Tainted witli Kerosine.

I put 3.5 colonies in ray cellar last fall, which came out all right. I
have 100 pounds of sugar that I would like to feed them, but it has
had kerosine-oil spilled on it. What can I do with it?

Massachusetts.

Answer. — A very little oil will likely do no harm. If much, mix
some sugar with water, half and half, let settle and skim off the oil; if
still too strong for the bees to take, I don't know of any remedy.

aueenless Bees— Wiring Foundation.

1. I have 2 colonies of bees that are queenless. If I should give
them a frame of brood and eggs from another colony would they rear
themselves a queen !

2. Last year I used full sheetes of foundation in brood-frames, and
had a good deal of trouble with the foundation breaking down when
the bees got on it. I had it wired crosswise of the frames, too. It
seems to buckle above the wires. What would be the objection to
wiring the frames up and down, then the foundation would not buckle,
would itf Kansas.

Answers. — 1. Yes, but it is not likely that the queen would be
the very best, and probably you will do better to unite with one of
your weaker colonies that has a good queen.

3. I wonder if you had the foundation fastened to the top-bar.
Yes, I have had hundreds of frames wired vertically, and no buckling,
although nowadays horizontal wiring is generally preferred. For my
own use I prefer vertical splints.

transfer In fruit-bloom ; or perhaps it will be better to wait till the col-
ony swarms, hive the swarm in a new hive, and 21 days later break up
the old hive.

3. When there is nothing for them to work on they may lie idle ;
if pasturage is plenty they will work, queen or no queen, but a queen-
less colony seems little inclined to hustle like the others.

4. Now you're a man alter my own heart to ask a question like
that. Between you and me, I feel badly many a time when some be-
ginner asks me a question and I'd like to tell him all about it, but it
something that's explained more fully in the text-books than it can
possibly be done in this limited department, and if I should answer it
here some new subscriber would want the same question answered in-
side of three months, and I'd have to keep answering over and over
questions that none of the other readers would care anything about.
So I'm glad you're after a text-book. There are several of them, and
you can get one from any publisher of a bee-paper or from any supply
dealer. Perhaps it would be just as convenient for you to get one
from tJeorge W. York & Co., 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111., publishers
of this journal. I'll ask the editor to tell more particularly either here
or elsewhere, about the text-books and their prices. But let me cau-
tion you about one thing: He publishes the book " Forty Years Among
the Bees," and you may think from what he says that you ought to
buy that. Don't you do it. At least not for your first book. One of
the others will be better, and then it will be all right for you to get
"Forty Years" as a second book. [See the book list on page 239. —
Editor.

5. Strong colonies will clean them out, and Italians are much bet-
ter than blacks.

Transferring— Beginner's Questions.

1. I bought 7 colonies of ijces late last summer, and they were in
bad condition. The hives are old and rotten, and the comb is old and
black. The first warm days this spring they came out and all seemed
to be at work, but later all but one colony seemed to be sluggish and
lazy. Woud it be best to put two colonies in one hive?

2. Would I better transfer them to new hives? If so, when is the
best time? and when shall I proceed?

3. Will they always work when they have a queen? and will they
ever work when they have none? Some of my colonies are not at
work yet; when I open the hive there seems to be lots of bees. ,

4. I notice in the Journal reference is made to a text-book. Where
can I gel one? I know I am green, but I will learn.

5. My bees are alive with ants, and they also have moths. What
would you advise? Tennessee.

Answers. — 1. As you say later on that there are plenty of bees in
the hives, It is hardly advisable to unite. Possibly there Is nothing for
them to do — no flowers to be bad.

2. It would be better to have new hives than rotten ones, but old,
black combs are as good as new ones. If the hives are frame hives,
and the frames are of the vi^hli kind, merely lift the frames into the
new hive. Otherwise transfer as directed in your text-book. You can

Painting Hives witti Bees in Tliem.

Would the odor of fresh paint affect or anger the bees if I painted
the hives while the bees are in them? Iowa.

Answer. — No, unless you jar the hives. A few bees might stick
to the paint.

Questions on Queen-Rearing.

As I wish to rear one hundred or more queens this season for my-
self, and as I see there is a difference in thoughts presented by such
men as G. M. Doolittle, E. (iallup, Henry Alley and others, I feel that
a few question will be appreciated by those who are interested in the
subject of rearing queens for themselves— queens that will be the best
that it is possible to rear, not having any " missing link " whatever in
any line.

1. If the only way to rear extra-good queens is by natural swarm-
ing, and by natural superseding, then has not man reached a limit be-
yond which no further progress is p.ossible?

2. Almost all seem to agree that there are three things necessary
in order to rear long-lived, prolific queens whose workers are
sturdy and long-lived. These three things seem to be, plenty of ani-
mal heat or magnetism : plenty of royal jelly ; and to be started out
and kept laying continuously and to the full capacity during the first
season. It is a well known fact that swarms usually issue on the seal-
ing of the first queen-cell, thus taking away one-half or more of the
bees in the hive, and would not the queen hatched out, in case the
weather became cool, be lacking the proper amount of heat required
to produce a good queen? And especially so it the cells were on the
end of the frame, or at the bottom, as they usually are?

3. Does any one know that the royal jelly is any different when
supplied at natural swarming time, and that supplied at other times?

4. Does the iiueen lay a different egg at natural-swarming time
than she does at any other time ?

n. Does any one kuoio that the egg she lays In an embryo queen-
cell is any different from any other worker-egg?

0. Is the umbilical cord attached to the cell during the whole life
of the larva, or is it thrown out after the larva has partly developed?
Has any one ever found such a cord for the first three days after hatch-
ing?

7. Is there not considerable in keeping the queen laying to her
full capacity during the first of her laying season? Is that not one of
the reasons why so many are not prolific when kept in a nucleus for
some time after commencing to lay? Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. I don't know just what chance there is for further
progress, but I believe, with a good many others, that just as good
queens can be reared outside of natural swarming and superseding.

2. I suppose all are agreed as to the need of plenty of heat and
food, but I think many believe it necessary to have a queen laying
continuously to her full capacity the first season. Usually the
weather is so hot at swarming-time that there is little trouble about
heat, but some time a tool time may come. Sometimes you will find a
dead larva or pupa in one of the lowest cells, but there are always
enough cells in the warm parts of the hive.

3. I think it is known to be the same.

4. No.

5. I think it is known to be the same.

y. I don't believe there is any umbilical cord either before, on or
after the first three days.

T. I don't know, but I doubt the importance of it.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies -we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

267

^ wnal Yon yonson Tliinks

Vel, my goodeuess, ay feel kine of sorry for
Peter Peterson, coz he is struck wid pros-
perity plenty bad. Mebby it's cause he jrot
too much confidence. Hebeanvork for Ole
Peterson for 40 days, an he grit 40 dollar, an
he haven plenty mony, an now he tank he iss
yust som smart somnobody, an he yust lurn
to talk merican like nutting. It corns yust
so natural for Peter to lurn merican som to
ete cabbage. My goodeness, Peter say ven he
only been in Unity State for tree monls he
could talk merican in tree different langvige,
and he tank he iss a dandy feller. He say to
Ole Peterson, he don't goan to milk his cows
any more, so if Ole vont dom cows milkt he
can yust do it self. Vel, Ole he don't lak das,
so he say, " My goodeness, Peter, '' he say,
'* ef you don't goan to do da vork, den ay
goan to turn you off." But Peter he don't
care; he say if Ole Peterson turn him off den
he goan to quvit. An he don't goan to vork
for him any more. Dat's vot Peter sed.

An he say he vont for Yon Yonson to lurn
him how to keep bees. Vel. Peter iss som
purty smart feller, so mebby ay hire Peter to
'help drive da bees das summer. Peter vil be
youst da feller for brush-svarming, only ay
iss kine of frade dat mebby eider da bees or
Peter is liable to abscond ; but if ay can keep
Peter an' da bees togedder long nuff den if
Peter don't ketch on, mebby da bees ketch on
to Peter. An Peter is good for bout 500 revo-
lutions per minit, in case oxidant.

Peter he say he vont to keep von svarm on
share, an he goant to sho me how to git lots
of hunny. " Vel," ay say, " if you promis
not to hide behine da potatis box agin, den
you can have von svarm on share. Ay got
von colony of kine of black bees, dom is kine
of kross, so mebby you git more dan your
share; but ay vill give dom new quveen so
dom soon vil bee all clover bees,'' ay say,
"an' dom vill all have long tungs."

Vel, Peter say he don't kare vot kine of
lungs dom got, or if dom is tung-tied, or even
got glas eyes, but he don't vont dom shal
hav any longer stings dan issab.soluteIy nesses-
sary.

Now, Peter, he don't vas married yet, but
he got awful nice girl vat live along da tele-
phone line. Ay tel Peter if he don't votch
out he soon goan to be ole batch, an dom say
ole batchlers don't live so long som married
mans. Vel, Peter he say he don't believe da
married mans live any longer, but mebby it
seems lots longer, he say, cause dom have
more trubble.

But Peter he tank it is fun to call up his
girl on da telephone an kine of mak love.
New, it iss gainst da rules to du any sparken
on da telephone, cause you know da souns
kine of silly; but ven da boys along da line
listen to Peter, dom has more fun don Peter,
so ve don't vas enforce da rules on Peter yet.
Now, Peter's girl, Christina, she live on
different line, so he hav to call up Central.
Vel, da boys along da line dom kine of put up
job on Peter, an ven Peter call up Central an
say, " Give me Christena, please," den Cen-
tral girl she ring up da hotel to da nigger
cook, so purty soon she say, " Hello, sah !"
"Hello, Christena!" Peter say, "How is
you feeling das evening?"' "Oh, fine, fine,"
she say, "Is yo Sambo?" she say. "No it
don't vas any rainbow in vinter," Peter say,
" but mebby ve goan to hav som more snow,"
he say, " an mebby ay goan to com roun to-
morrow nite an' tak you slay ride, an ve go to
church." he say,

" Bles yodea'hart!" she say. " Yo is de
bestes nigger in town," "My goodeness,"
Peter say, " ay don't vas any nager. Seems
to me your voice don't vas soun natural,"
Peter say ; " you musta hav bad cole, ay hope
you don't vas sick,"

"Hooisyo?" she say, " Is you Sammy <"
" No, ay don't vas Santa," Peter say, " It
don't vas time to hang up yours stocken now,"
he say, "Santa Claus is vay up in Alaska
now," Peter say, "Do ay taU: lak Santa
Claus <■' he say, "Santa dont vas got his
phone connected yet," Peter say. "but ven

THoiisands ot Hives = Millions oi Sections

Ready for Prompt Shiptnent.

We are not sellinfr goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping- to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Please mention Bee Joixrnal -when ■writina,

FOR THE BEST

Hires, SMOKERS, EXXRAC'l'ORS, FOUr«l>AXIOI^

AND ALL

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPEIES,

2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.

TO BE GIVEN AWAY.

For Next 30 Days Only,

we will mail our fine valuable Poultry
Book FRtE. Tells you all aboiitpoultry,
how to make big money with poultry and
epRs. contains colored plate of fowls in

JoVh BAUSCHER. JR.. B:i 94. FREEPORT.ILl

Please mention Bee Journal when -wntine

GRAVING

line of Bprayers ana appli-
ances nts every mane needs,

and. Knapsack, Bucket,
Field, Barrel, and Power

Blirayers.twentyerytes. Beptnozzles
nia'le. attar^hmentii. formulas; etc.
Srlrctthe useful and reliable. Catalogfrec

THE DEMTNG CO., Salem, Ohio.

Please mention Bee journal when "WTltiTig

$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00

with membership fee of S2.00 added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association. Tickets will
be on sale via the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to 5th, inclusive, good return-
ing from July 8th to 12th inclusive,
without being deposited with Joint
Agent. Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment of SOc. for
execution. Superior train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging in price from
3Sc. to f 1.00 ; also a la carte service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of departure of trains from Chi-
cag-o, and other detailed information.
3— 17A5t

Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

the thinnest
other make.

Work in
alfvay s >» ji

Catalog t;

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is lough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Ueestvax

a wax into Foundation tor Cash a Specialty.

iited at Iiicrliest price. , , ,,„„„ i-„».,„_

'■ - FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices ami samples, IREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mentiou Bea journal when writina

268

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

Split H'cfcory Buggy Bargains

Sold direct to user from factorj- at factory prices, sent anywhere on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL
and guaranteed for twoyears. Our 1903 catalosiie is now read) :iu<l roiitaintt liuu-
dredn ol'excluslve styleN oi'vehloles and liarueKS of every deKcriptlou. It is free
and you should send for it before buyiDg a vehicle or harness. We manufacture every veliicle
we offer for sale. If you get a Split Hickory you are sure of gettins something that will please
you and a bargain. Remember you can only buy a Split Hickory of us direct as we do not
^ell jobbers or dealers.

This In f

SPLIT HICKORY
WINNER

It Dot only wins
trade Tor up, but
praise from
every user. Has
genuine leath-
er quarter top,
eprine cushion
and back, boot,

carpet, double

braced shafts, in fact everythlnRcompleteandup-to-
date. le roomy, comfortable, easy riding and Hi:ht
riinnlner. Everyone fthipped on trial, no questions
askpd If not satisfactory; just send it back If it isn't
t"JO.(Hj cheaper thau equal ijuality at retail.

This is our

Split Hickory
."FASHION"

extension top

SURREY

SPLIT HICKORY
HUMMER

Bf»B 30 oz. full rubber
top, split hickorv
wheels, best steel
axles & epnnps,
finely flnished,
neat, Ptrons and
substantial, the
best value ever
offered at the price

Sold OD 30 dave' free trial and If It don't
a bargrain and if you don't consider you
$15,00 send it back.
And here Is oi

SPLIT HICKORY
SPECIAL

the bupffy that

favor In every
state in the
union last
year. Impos-
sible to give
description here.
Has 100 points of
merit. Nothing like it i
before. We only ask n
at retail and if, in vou
ke^p it. Costs yoii Dctthiiie tor the trial. free trial and guaranteed Un

* Write at once for our free catalogue of vehicles and harness; a penny spent for a postal
may save you $2.j. 00. Remember tliero is only ono place to get Split Hickory Vehicles
and that is at our factory. We have no agents.

OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO., - Station '6>

Pie^vsB meutioi Bee ,i<ia.raai -wnen yumtSFjt

Marshlield MannfactnriBg CompaDy.

Our specialty is inakingf SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wtien writina.

ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES

of my new work on QUEEN-REARING printed. Order one at once and secure one of those 3-
dollar breeding queens. Book alone, $1.50; book and queen, $3.C0. This new treatise brings queen-
rearing- down to year 1903. Contains hundreds of things you never saw in print.

15A4t HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. MASS.

Dent, It isri' t better dou' t Will laBt a lifetime.

that retail for

from flOO to $125.

Everyone shipped on 30 daye'

Cincinnati, Ohio.

CflXi'ffMrnili f if yon care to know ot Iti
WaillUrnid l Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample cop7 of Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricaltnr«l
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street. - San Francisco. Cal.

Bee = Supplies

G B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-
thing necessary for handling bees. The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C, M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Math's Special the Best [

A complete line of LEWIS' IMATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at their factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with 7.i Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

I^" See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

FrontJ& Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI,^OHIO.

Please Mention the Bee Journal Sl^rSSr^f....

he get ketched up vid da times mebby he vir
coDect, den ay tank he goan to have plenty
to do.''

Den somljody begin to laff, an von l)oy he
ask Peter if he kno dat he vas talken to da
nigger cook in town. An' den Peter begin to
ketch on, an he ring off. An' now Peter don't
Ijodder Central to ring up hiss girl any more,
an' he say he tank da telephone is plenty
good ting, but it don't vas perfect yet.

Yon Yonson.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

®QQQQQQ;iSQQQQQiQQSQQSSQQQa»

Bees Winteped Well.

The bees have wintered well. I have four
yards. The season is much farther advanced
than usual. White clover appears to be in
abundance, and dandelions are opening, but
the cool winds prevent hees from working;
in fact, I think we are losing quite a few bee&
from their eagerness to work. They fly out
when too cool, and become chilled before they
can return to the hive. H. G. Quirin.

Lucas Co., Ohio, April J).

Prospects Good.

Bees are in the best shape this spring that I
ever had them at this time of the year. I have
some booming stock to breed from. Prospects
are good for a good year. D. J. Blocher.

Stephenson Co., 111., April 1.3.

Results of the Season of 1902.

My iasD year's report is, (spring of 1903), 45
colonies, increased to .W by division the latter
part of August, and got 2.i0 pounds of comb-
honey and 3300 pounds of extracted. I sold
the most of it at home for 1.5 cents per pound
for the comb and 9 cents per pound for the
extracted. I lost 2 colonies in cellar-winter-
ing, and the remaining .57 coloniesare in good
condition. I took them out of the cellar
March IT, and March IS they carried in
natural pollen ; but, Ijesides, I used about (10
pounds of rye-flour which they carried in.

The outlook for the coming honey crop is
fair, on account of almost all the fields that
are not plowed being covered with white
clover. I had no natural swarms last year.

Dodge Co., Wis., April 14. Wm. Seitz.

Bees Starving.

Bees are starving all over this part of the
country. Many will spring dwindle because
of no breeding last fall. I don't know my
loss yet, but it will not be more than usual.
John C. Stewart.

Nodaway Co., Mo., April 14.

Experience with Bees.

I have received the American Bee Journal
regularly since I subscribed for it, and I am
well pleased with it, as well as with the book
which contains so much bee-information.

I commenced keeping bees about five years
ago, and in 1901 I, with most other bee-keep-
ers, met with almost an entire loss, the bees
seeming to have had the dysentery; they died
leaving plenty of honey, which would have
wintered them. When we came to examine
the honey we found it strong and watery, un-
fit for use In any way.

In 190'2 I bought 5 colonies with which to
start a new apiary. In November I placed
them in the cellar for the winter, all well pro-
vided with winter stores, and wintered very
nicely.

The first part of last season (1902) being a
wet one the bees scarcely made enough to
keep them, but cast some strong swarms. The
season closed with a good flow of Ijeauliful
honey. One large swarm was hived June 20,
which filled the lower chamber and 4S one-
pound sections of surplus. I sell all my comb
honey at 18 to 20 cents per pound.

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

269

I have Italian bees, and use the Laa;j:stroth
hives almost entii'ely. They were well pro-
vided for the long, cold wiater, and have thus
far done nicely, and all are in a healthy condi-
tion. In November I packed the bees in a
shed well banked and darkened; heretofore I
have wintered them in the cellar with nearly
as good results, only I find my cellar too damj)
at times, causing some colonies to sweat and
mold.

Although my apiary is not very large there
Is much room tor it to grow. There are not
many bees kept near where mine are, the
nearest apiary consisting of about 50 colonies,
being three miles southwest of here.

I think I will let my bees take a (light next
week it the weather is suitable.

I consider it a great pleasare to take care
of my bees. I study every article pertaining
to bee-culture; still we must work and ex-
periment with them ourselves, as there is
nothing in any line of business like real ex-
perience. There is a great deal in keeping an
apiary neat and clean, keeping the hives well
painted and well arranged in some clean,
shady place. Oken S. Reed.

Fayette Co., Iowa, March 21.

Two Years of Failure— Outlook
Good.

The last two years were failures here, but
the outlook is good for this season. There is
lots of white clover- The weather is cool and
rainy. Plums are in bloom. VV. D. Hurt.

Cass Co., Mo., April 9.

Quite a Loss in Wintering.

There is quite a loss in bees here this win-
ter. We had any amount of honey-dew last
fall, and a severely cold winter, I think these
were the cause of the loss. Prospects are fair
for a good honey crop the coming season.
G. W. Vasgundt.

Uinta Co., Utah, March 33.

Hand Crushed and Stung.

While moving part of my bees to an out-
yard I got my hand smashed, and at least 100
stings about my head and face. A defective
bridge was the cause of the trouble. My hand
is very painful, but no bad results from the
the stings.

Bees are booming to-day, the weather is
fine, and prospects flattering.

Ellis Co., Tex., March 8. LoN Ro3SON.

Bees Coming Out Fine.

Bees are coming out fine this spring, and
the indications are that they will find plenty
of nectar this season. The first pollen came
in on St. Patrick's Day — March IT.

F. KiNGSLET.

Thayer Co., Nebr., March 81.

Unfinished Sections.

In reply to Mr. Bevins. on page 23.5, 1 would
say that I did not intend that method for fall
feeding, as I scarcely ever feed in the fall ; I
prefer doubling for strength, and also using
the best-filled combs to fill up with.

Now I am nearing the 72 mark in age, and
have owned and handled bees since I was IS
years old, and believe the bees I own now are
similar in character to all others, and I could
never get them to carry down honey as you,
Mr. Bevins, recommend. It has been my ex-
perience that however strong they w6.-e in
the fall some of them come out both short in
stores and weak in numbers. These are the
ones that need close attention, and the ones I
feed with my unfinished sections, and it is the
only method I have ever found successful.
You say that you want the bees to have access
to the honey in the sections at all times. If
you do, why do you place anything between
them! Why not set your super on as usuaU
With me the cloth did not work at all, but
with the board I have no trouble.

As to the use of the firmer chisel I think it
by far the handiest tool in the business. No
matter if it does mangle, you will have new
drawings which will surely Ix- while and new.

Doubtless you will smile ajain on reading

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens SuiH

1 6 12

Untested $1.00 $ 5.00 $ ').oO

Tested 1.2S 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 o5

^frame Nucleus (ao queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped iu Ug"ht shipping- cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival g^uaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug-. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thoug"ht I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From oae I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to g-ive (> of them more room,
as they were hang-ing- out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, lOQl. ■

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen ihat you sent my brother lakes the
lead, fcihe had a rousing" colony when put up
for winter. The g^oldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention "Bee journal "when ■writtns

Wt WAHT WORKtRS

Boys, Glrlfl. uldandyouutr alike,
make money working for us.
We himthh ca|>ital toeisn yio in bosl-
i. bcDd OS lOc st&mpa or flUver for full in-.trucIion8 and s line of

ipleato-nrk-Htii. iiRAPFQ P»i«l ««HI^^ CO..Chicato.m.

BIG BARGAINS IN BUGGIES

$27.50:,'

BOd liheral agency ji

ECONOMT RCOGYCO..
Box A as CiiicluiiatI, Oblo.

9D6t Please mentio

I S* »*«-"» wis =Mr»»M

V.^r'e'- >c ihdiana steels, wire CO.

WIRE MUNCIE.IMOIAMA.

5Dtf

Please mention the Bee Jc

S-- Rearino Queens

and having a breeding- queen that is two years
old, whose bees are so genUe they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers I ever saw, I
have decided to ofEer her daughters during the
season of l'>03 at the following prices. Terms
cash:

Reared by Doolittle Method.

Untested yueen, 75c; 6 for 14.00

Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for 5.00

Natural Swarming and Supersedure.

Untested Oueen, $1.25; 6 for ii.OO

Tested Queen, $1.75; t, for 'LOG

CHESLEY PRESSWOOD, McDONALD, TENN.

13D4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Nickel Plate Road

is the short line to the East, and the
service equal to the best. You will
save time and money by traveling over
this line. It has three through daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars, and American Club
Meals, ranging in price from 3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also a la carte service. Try a
trip over the Nickel Plate Road, and
you will find the service equal to any
between Cliicago and the East.

ChicafiTO depot : Harrison St. and
Fifth Ave. City Ticket Offices 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central :n57. 1— IVASt

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

this, for nil doubt you aro one of these old,
worthy vclorans, and tUiiilf there is no way
like your own. That is all right — I am bor-
dering heavily on that line.

You will plainly see the reason why I speak
of the finulation through the hive if feeding
in the si>niig, as the weather is not to be de-
pended upon at all times in regard to heat
and cold. Some have said honey in unlinished
sections would candy. I have never liad any
trouble tliat way, and even if I did I would
scrape olT down to the septum, and that
would relieve the matter.

Now, Mr. Bevins, we will have no quarrel,
but if 1 were near you I would refer you to
3d Epistle of John, let chapter, 12th verse.
A. Y. Baldwin.

Dekalb Co., 111., April 13.

Wintered All Right.

My bees have wintered ail right, and have
clustered out on the hives some.

I look for a good yield of honey. My bees
swarm very little. I have not had a natural
swarm for four years. I have kept bees for
40 years, and think I have learned something
about bee-keeping, but I do not know it all
yet. I have no increase in colonies.

Henkt Best.

Carroll Co., Ohio, April 9.

Using Veils— Bees in Germany.

Over seven years ago I started to keep bees,
and at that time looked upon myself as an ex-
pert bee-keeper, but I found out that I had
more to learn than I could possibly crowd into
my head in one year. It is past seven years,
and I do not know it all yet.

One thing I found out, and that is, that I
could hardly follow .J. M. Y'oung's remarks
about bee-veils, on page 215. I am for a bee-
veil, and a good one at that. I am not a par-
ticle afraid of bees, but I don't care a bit what
some one else thinks when they see me go to
work with them with my face protected with
a good veil. Please remember I had some ex-
perience in the line of walking among the
hives without face protection. I had a three
months' trial getting one of my eyes cured
which was affected with the sting of a bee.

On page 216 I read something about bee-
keeping in Germany; as Mr. Hasty expected,
locality had something to say. It is a matter
of fact that in the southern part of Germany
they use houses, with few exceptions, for
their bees ; in the northern .States they use
the straw hive; and in later years the im-
proved hives, and change places with the
bees according to the flowers in the different
localities.

Now, Mr. York, I can not help getting a

FROM BUGGY MAKER

iiit; jou allprotits

wLolesaler and r.

tttedthe phi

"Ster! ^'u e
_ of shipping

,'Lt on 30 days' free trial

i;et O

Write
HAK\K

Ruegy Boot.
ItilR;

TO BUGGY USER

Please mention Bee journal vrhen wntineL.

Italian Bees and Queens

Choice Tested Queens from the finest Red
Clover Stock in the U. S. In order to introduce
this SUPERIOR stock I am g-oiog- to offer a
limited number of 2-frame Nuclei with a fine'
Tested (Jueen for $2.00 each: Queen alone, {1.00;
Selected Tested,$1..^0each; Breeders,f3.iX)each:
Untested, from same stock, 75 cts. each, or $6.50
per do,^. Discounts on 50 and 100 at a time. .My
Queens are bred by the best known methods,
and I challenge the world to produce finer
Queens or stock. Safe arrival and reasonable
satisfaction. Address,

W. J. FOREHAND, Ft. Deposit, flia.

16.\.;t Please mention the Bee Journal.

270

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

SSSQSQSQ'

>««^'v^^^

iSSQQSSSSSSSSSSQSSQQSQSSSSS

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.

Red Oak, Iowa.

13D13t

SQSQ&QSSSQSSQQSSQQS^QSQQSSQSQQSSSSQS

Everything

FOR BEES...

Catalog with hundreds of
Ni;w illustrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

•!•♦+

AQENCieS:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren.

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

KnoxviUe, Iowa.

'^^s»^7»^

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbidg agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the g-oods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send |
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON.

10A17t BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's,, aad Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3H miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $150 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers aspe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for i

JOHN M. DAVIS,

0A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

PleP«e ■mentiOTi Bee Journal when -mriting

9 I Q.80 Fo

Please mention the liee Jour

Bee-Keepers, Remember

that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest ol any city in the U.S.
We sell

Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices • ♦ ♦ • •

Poultry Supplies and H irdware Im-
plements a specialty. Send for our
free Illustrated Catalo^^. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

f

14A13t

Please i

aention the Bee Jo

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich,

55 Best Queen of Sixtu-tive 55

Mr. alley: Bellk Plaine, Mi.n-n.

I have a queen received from you in I'^uO. Her

bees are the best honev-fTathei ers of an apiary

of 65 colonies in which are .lueens from different

breeders— natural queens, as Dr. Gallup cills

them. The Adel queen is the best of the lot.

C. J. Oldenbekg.

PriceList now ready. H. ALLEY.

16A4t Wenham, Mass.

No Fence Company

bf;itn our prices on tlie same quality of fence,
because thev never make our quality.
!»A(iE WOVKPi WIltKFKiNCKC(>.,AI)KIAN,MICH.
Please mention Bee Jounaal 'wtien ■wntini';

AN OPPORTUNITY.

Barred Plymouth Rock Poultry, Sfrawberry
Plants, Bee-Fixtures. Send for circular.
J. F. MICHAEL,

13-\4t R. 0. Winchester, Ind.

and easy to
f you work for us. We will start you i n
ibUBiness and furnish the capital. * Work
|light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.

Take a Trip

over the Nickel Plate Koad and be con-
vinced of its superior train service.
Solid through daily express trains be-
tween Chicago, Ft. Wayne, Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and Boston. American Club Meals,
ranging in price from 3Sc. to $1.00,
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars;
also service a la carte. Rates always
the lowest. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago depot : Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave. City Ticket Offices 111 Adams
St. and Auditorium Annex. John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone Cen-
tral 2057. 2— 17A5t

Warned lo Buy

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A f\f\ Mounted Queen-Cells and one
1 UU ^^™P^'= °f ^^^ Stanley Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for 70 cents, postpaid.
i6Atf ARTHUR STANLEY, DIXON, ILL.

little " poke " in at you and your "York's
Honey." I had, last season, an average of S5
pounds of No. 1 comb honey, sold it at 13>^
and 15 cents a pound, and every section had'
my name stanaped on it. Please do not get
mad, but I would not have left it off e%'en if I
had to take the honey back, if I sold it to you.

I have 18 colonies of bees in line shape oa
the summer stands. The weather is warm,
and the bees are busy carrying in pollen and
building up for the expected clover honey-
flow.

I hope every bee-keeper in this land will'
find himself well paid, at the end of this com-
ing season, for all his trouble and stings.

Lewis Co., Mo., April 4. Jos. Keller.

How Far Bees Go for Honey.

Allow me, for the many bits of information
I derive from the American Bee Journal, to
give in return my little item of knowledge.

One writer says he has noticed that bees do
not go more than a mile from the hive for
honey. I am in a position to be quite sure of
what I say — I am the only one with bees in
this section of British Columbia. A man 13
miles away got some bees last year; previous
to that time there were no bees within 40
miles of me. Before the 13-mile neighbor got
his bees mine were the only ones in the coun-
try, and they were seen on gooseberries in a
garden 'A miles away, or more than 2 miles as
the crow flies, or rather, as the bee flies.
They were also seen in another direction
about 3 miles away, as the bee flies. Id each
case, also, they had to fly over prime%'al bush
to get to these gardens; so I am sure they go
more than a mile, or even 2 miles in search of
honey.

My 5 colonies appear to be in good shape,
but as soon as I have peeped into the hives I
will write more fully. H. Beer.

Brithish Columbia, March 80.

Good Prospects for Clover.

I got my last 8 colonies out yesterday, and
they all seem to be in good condition. I lost
one colony out of 319, and that was queenless ;
all the rest are alive at this time.

We have the best prospects for white clover
in 10 years. N. Staininger.

Cedar Co., Iowa, April 9.

Some Wintered Well, Others with
Loss.

My bees came out of winter quarters very
strong — I have never seen them as strong in
the spring during the long time I have kept
bees. I hope for a good year. Lots of bees
around here starved during the winter, and
more will follow this spring. Those that
were cared for in the fall and had been fed are
in good shape. Herman Luedloff.

Carver Co., Minn., April T.

Results of Wintering:.

Editor York: — I must admit that you
editors are generally a blessing, nevertheless
you are at times a bother, which the follow-
ing will show:

In the January number of the Koeky Moun-
tain Bee Journal, Editor Morehouse called me
a terrible name, and tells how many colonies
of bees I am to commence the honey season
with in 1903; and all this without my knowl-
edge or consent, else I should have insisted
on his leaving out the estimate as to how
many colonies I would have in the spring.
And now //»« tell the pulilic that it's assum-
ing a great deal on the part of Mr. (iill to tell
how many he will have left in the spring, and
this without giving me any chance to explain.
Well, as Yon Yonson would say, " You both
bean awful nice fellers,'' so I am going to let
you off this time.

To help Mr. Morehouse out a little in his
predictions I will say that I have been quite
fortunate in wintering 800 of the best colo-
nies, the loss having been only 5 percent.
But of 400 that were in poor condition last
fall the loss was about 30 percent. Bees that
were in prime condition have wintered as
well as usual the past severe winter. But as
there was a greater percent of bees in poor

April 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

271

condition last fall than usual, 1 think, on the
whole, that the loss has been greater than for
a number of years in Colorado.

The outlooii tor what we have is certainly
very favorable, and now if we are faithful
unto a few things we may be made ruler over
many. M. A. Gill.

Boulder Co., Colo., March 30.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois. — The spring meeting of the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at the residence of
James Taylor, in Harlem, Winnebago Co.,
111., on Tuesday, May 19, 11103. All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.

B. Kennedy, Sec.

Minnesota. — The Fillmore County Bee-
Keepers" Association will hold its spring meet-
ing in Preston, beginning the evening of April
39, and continuing over the 30th. Mr. N. E.
France, General Manager of the National, will
attend the meeting, exhibit the workings of a
German wax-press, and make the meeting
generally interesting in answering questions
and giving instructions in up-to-date apicul-
ture. Mr. France will also speak on the fol-
lowing subjects: "The Busy Bee;" "Foul
Brood and How to Cure It; Illustrated by
Samples and Charts ; "Marketing Our Next
Honey Crop;" " Buying Supplies in Car- Load
Lots Next Year;" "Benefits of the National
Association to Its Members;" and "The
Benefits of a Honey Exchange." C. D. Hitch-
cock will speak on " Finishing Up Comb
Honey;" E. A. Crowell, on "The Value of
Good Queens Over Poor Ones, and How to
Get Them;" "The Value of Text-Books and
Bee-Papers;" and "Marketing Our Next
Honey Crop," by members of the Association.

The Question-Box will be a prominent fea-
ture of the meetings, tjuestions will always
be in order, and will be freely answered.

Kindly tell your friends and neighbors who
have bees, of time and place of this conven-
tion and the treat that awaits them, and urge
them to come. P. B. Ramer, Sec.

Standard Italian Queens

OF THE HIQHEST GRADE,

Bred in Separate yards irom superior stock of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains. Selected
from amon^ the best stock of Long Tongue
Clover and Uooey-Queeds in America. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business. No dis-
ease among our bees. Our elevated country,
with its pure mountain air and pure sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees and man. See our circular for the rest.

Queens sent out last season by us arrived in
the very best shape, except a tew got chilled
late in the season in the North. Our Queens
have gone to California, Oregon. Canada, Colo-
rado, Cuba, New Mexico, and many of the
States. We rear all queens sent out by us from
the '-gg or just-hatched larva: in full colonies.
Our method is up-to-date. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the wav
of fine, large, prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a tiial
order.

Prices: Untested Queens, $1,110; 6 for $5.00; 12
for $0.00.

Tested, $2.00: Select. $3.00; Best, $5.00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Oueen, $6 00.

3-frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman trames, no
Queen, $2.(i<': 2-frame, no Queen, $1.50. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei. 1

SpeciaT rates on Queens by the ItX). Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Shipping sea-
son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. HA-XjI-i,

13Atf Jaspek, PilKess Co., Ga.

FounflaRasi!

Money Orders.

A place where I ani
rearing OUEENS for
Business, Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices :

Udtested,each,7Sc; do2.$7.50
Tested,each,$1.00; doz ,$10.

Either tiolden or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.

Remit by Postal
DANIEL VVURTtl.
Queen Specialist,
i City, Karnes Co., Texas.

Tip=Top Glass Iioney=Jars

The pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of. They are
made of the clearest
Hint glass, and when
filled with honey, and
neat labels attached,
they make as handsome
packages as can be

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

1-pound.

'-ounce.

%-pound.

imagined. The glass
top rests on a flat rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top
as shown. They are
practically air - tight,
thus permitting n o
leak, which is an im-
portant thing with
honey-sellers.
We can furnish these Jars, f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices;

1 gross. ^ tjt'- ^ !!"'•

1-lb Jars ?5.00 $9.50 I?1S.00

8. -lb " 4.50 8.50 16..50

--0Z. " 4.00 7.50 14.50

If you try them once you will likely use no
other kind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.

QEORQE W, YORK & CO.
1+4 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Italicin Queens,

Bee& and Nuelei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $L00

One Tested Queen 1.35

One Select Tested Queen. 1.50

One Breeder Queen 2.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen 1.40

Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival gtiaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONG,
16Atf 204 I.. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA

Chicaoo, April 7.— Choice to fancy white
comb honey sells in a limited way at I.5(gil6cper
pound. There is no certain price for other
grades, but they sell slowly at 3@5c less per
pound. IC-ctracted, 6(0 7c for white grades: am-
bers, S>i(<! hiic. Beeswax, 32c per pound.

R. A. BnRNBTT & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand

(^niet; receipts and stock light. Comb selliag,

iTght, 15c; mixed, 14(a>15c; dark, 13@14c. E.x-

tracted, dark, at 7@7>4c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.

H. R. Wkight.

Kansas City, Apr. 2.— Our market is almost
bare of comb honey; the demand is good. We
quote you as follows: Fancy white comb, 24
sections, $3.50: No. 1, white, $3.40; No. 2, white
and amber, $3@3.25. E.xtracted, white, i.J^c;
amber, 5J4@6c. Beeswax No. 1. per pound. 25c
C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for ex
tracted honey is good at the following prices:
Amber, barrels, S%@b'iic, according to quality;
white clover, 8@9c. Fancy comb honey, ISH®-
16J^c. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, April .s. — Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of late and prices are somewhat
declining. We quote fancy white at from
14@i5c; No. 1, white, 13c; amber, ll@12c. Ex-
tracted quiet and easy, with plenty of supply.
We quote white at 5Hfe7c; light amber, 5H®6c;
dark at 5c. Beeswax steady at 3<.)(a31.

HiLDRBTH & SBGELXBIT.

Cincinnati, April 7— The comb honey market
has weakened a little more: is freely offered at
following prices: Fancy white, 14;§'15c: no de-
mand for ambers whatever. The market for
extracted has not changed and prices are as fol-
lows: Amber in barrels, 5'-4(^5Hc; in cans,
ti(S'6)4c; white clover, 8(a'S^c. Beeswax, 28(S)30c.
C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, Mar. 11.— White comb honey,
\2%@li\c; amber, oi^lic; dark, 7@7Hc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6Ji(gi7Mc: light amber, iH®bc;
amber, 5fSi5'4c: dark. 4w45^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, light 27(a29c; dark, 25(s!26c.

Demand 's fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Beo Journal when -writinE.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other p-ublished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

FREE FOK A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Slieep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Arc yott Interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AMD SHEEP, CHICABO lU.

DAIRYMEN ARE D|LI|^^^^

, We fit»rl you In huslness. Voa make
Ktey wi'rk. We fumi^b caplt&l. !^«nd

DRAPER PUBUSHlfJa Vo.l " ChTca'go.'llls.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

272

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 23, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
in the WorW....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
>vill not be di^ssippointed.
Wc are underssold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full Hue of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.

^▼▼▼▼▼▼^ ^▼▼▼■^

Please jaaention Bee Journal ■wuen writing,

Only7lcalb.

FOR THE BEST

White Alfalfa Honey

ALL IN 60-LB. CANS

A sample by mail, 10c for package
and postage. By freight, f.o.b. Chi-
cago: 2 cans in box (120 lbs.) at7>4 cents
a pound. We can furnish Basswood
Honey at ><c a pound more.

This Alfalfa Honey should go off like
hot-cakes. Better order at once, and
g'et a good supply for your customers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

S Special Notice to Bee- Keepers !

IBOSTON

Moaey in Bees for
Catalog Price on

§ ROOT'S SUPPLIES

Catalog for the Asking.

i

v>
if
a

I

a
if

6A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A f EAR

and you may have part "1 it If you work
forUB. Uncle Sam'fl poulTy product puyH
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you iu

business. Draper Pabllsbiog Ca.,Cblct{o,IU.

F. n. FARMER,

162 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

Up First Flig-ht.

Tiia^v^vs.je,jg,jg..)e,.xi,:U!,ja^\s,je^^

rvea'r Dadant's Foundation

26l!l
Year

W*> (rimrfinf f^f' ^nf icfnrf inn What more can any body do 7 beauty,

we guaranLce oaLisiatiiun. purity, firmness, no sAaaiNo.

No LOSS, patent WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

^\^hv Hrkf'e i<" ef^ll crt «xrF>ll V Because it has always given better satls-
VV ilj' UUC» 11. »CI1 SU well r faction than any other. Because In as years

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Fotindation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS •*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee — Rc:\/iseci,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

namllton, Hancock Co., Ill

P'.ease mention Bee Journal •when writins

Everyinino

FOR

B66-K66D6rS

Our Catalog for this season has been
fully revised. This quotes our latest
prices on our full line of Supplies for
the Apiary. It contains a vast amount
of valuable information and is free for
the asking. If you have not already
received a copy, send to the address
nearest, and by placing your order
there, you will save in freight charges
and secure quick delivery.

La correspondencia puede ser en
Espanol.

A solicitud se envia el catalogo Es-
panol gratis.

The A. I. Root Co.,

TheAJIi^IRootCo-

riedina, Ohio, U.S.A.

BRA^CH OFFICES.

The

The
The
The

The
The

A. I. Root Co.,

10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y.
A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Me.
A. I. Root Co.,

1024 Miss. St., St.Paul, Minn.
A. I. Root Co., San Antonio, Tex.
A. I. Root Co., 1200 Maryland Ave.,

S. W., Washington, D. C.
A. I. Root Co.,

San Ignacio 17, Havana, Cuba.

AGENCIES.

George W. York & Co.,

144 & 141. E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
C.H. W.Weber, 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Rawlins Implement Co.,

206 So. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St„ Boston, Mass.
Walter S.Pouder,S12 Mass Av.,IndianapoUs,Ind
Vickery Bros., Evansville, Incl.
M. H. Hunt A Son, Bell Branch, Mich.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Jos. Nysewauder, Des Moines, Iowa.
Prothero & Arnold, Du Bois, Pa.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kan.
Griggs Bros., 2t4 Jackson Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mont'g Co., Mo.
The L. A. Watkins Mdse., Denver, Colo.
Delta Fruit & Produce Co , Delta, Colo.
Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, Calif.
Lilly, Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash.
Portland Seed Co., Portland, Oreg.
J. B. Hamel, Cardenas, Cuba.
Hooper Bros., 06 Harbour St. .Kingston, Jamaica
Wm. Boxwell, Patrickswell, Limerick, Ireland.

LOCAL DEALERS.

Besides these dealers who get carload lots
there are many local dealers haudling supplies
for their localities who obtain their supply
either at Medina or of one of the above-named
jobbers, as may be most convenient. These are
dealers in general merchandise, or progressive
bee-keepers, or others tnterested iu improved
methods of bee-keeping in their iocalitj-. If
there is such a dealer in your vicinity, it will be
to your interest to place your order with him;
but be sure to insist on having Roofs Goods,
and do not accept inferior substitutes.

B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^hicag^o'ill!"*'

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ELL. APRIL 30, 1903.

No. 18.

^N#4-^

WEEKLY

The Foot=Path to Peace.

5 ^ • ^

:^ To be glad of life, because it gives you ^

:^ the chance to live and to work and to play S'.

IS and to look up at the stars ; to be satisfied ^'

•^ with your possessions, but not contented fc

'^ with yourself until you have made the best ^

^ of them ; to despise nothing in the world ^^

\^ except falsehood and meanness, and to fear j!

S nothing except cowardice ; to be governed 5!

uS by your admirations rather than by your ^

■^ disgusts ; to covet nothing that is your &

r$ neighbor's, except his kindness of heart and ^

^ gentleness of manners ; to think seldom of S^

:^ your enemies, often of your friends, and ^:

;S every day of Christ ; and to spend as much S'.

■^ time as you can with body and with spirit, i;

.i^ in God's out-of-doors — these are little guide- ^

?$ posts on the foot-path to peace. ^!

•^ — Henry Van Dyke. 1). I). ^

274

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

ca-H30R,ca-E3 "w. "X"ok,k:.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries In the
Postal Union, 50 cents a j-ear extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dee03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
Ijeeu received and credited.

.Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

1

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful beekeep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW to: GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is SI. 00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

\

r^^y^T^¥^y^^^y^y^>T^

Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder

An Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the Cells and Queens at all Times.

One of the greatest objections urged against
a lamp-nursery, or any kind of a nursery
where bees are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are robbed
of the actual care of the bees. When the
bees have access to a cell, and the time ap-
proaches for the queen to emerge, the wa.x
over the point is pared, and, as the queen
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts to leave the cell. A queen hatched
away from the bees loses all of this food,
cheer, and comradeship; and, until intro-
duced to a nucleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food ihat she would secure were she
among the bees.

All of these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
Ills. Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell to a No. 12 gun-wad. By the use
of melted wax these wads, with the cell at-
tached, are stuck, at proper intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width of a Langstroth brood-frame. Two

(Patent Applied for.)

wire staples driven into the inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.

The process of transferring larva' to the
cells, getting the cells built, etc. .have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be repeated here. When the cells are
sealed they may be picked off the bar (still
attached to the gun-wads) ; and right here is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in. Each cell, as it is removed, is
slipped into a little cylindrical cage, made of
queen-excluding zinc, the cage being about
two inches long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad tits snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of the cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad. Long rows of these cages, filled
with sealed cells, arc placed between two
wooden strips that fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire staples that fit into slots out in the ends
of the strips. To hold the cages in their
places, holes, a trifle larger than the diameter
of the cage, are bored, at proper intervals,
through the upper strip, thus allowing the

cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way through the lower
bar.

A frame full of these cages, stoclted with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no attention whatever except to
remove the queens as they are needed. The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the cells, care for them,
and feed the qufjens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.

These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a (|ueen in
a cage to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her. They can be-
come acquainted with her, and give her the
same scent as themselves. When desirable to
release her, one end of the cage can be
stopped with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.

By putting food in one end of the cage, a
queen may be kept caged, away from the
bees, the same as in any other cage.

Price, $5.00, by Express,

Or with the American Bee Journal
one year — both for So. 50.

Send all orders

lo GEORGE W. YORK «& CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL-

^0dB^lCA^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, APRIL 30, 1903,

No. 18.

^ Editorial Comments. ^ |

General 3Ianager N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., wishes
us to say that he sent to each paid-up for 1903 member of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, one copy of " Bees and Horticulture." one
on legal rights of bee-keepers, and a sheet of 25 questions to be an-
swered and returned to him ; and to new members also a pin badge.
Since then there have been two bags of mail containing a lot of the
above lost in a train wreck, so if any paid-up member has not received
his package, and will notify Mr. France, he will mail another.

How to Treat a Balled Queen. — At this time of the year
the novice will sometimes And upon opening a hive that the queen
is balled, although she has been in the hive tor a year. He is puzzled
to know why she is balled, and still more troubled to know what he
shall do. The best thing he can do is to do nothing. The bees have
balled their queen because disturbed by the opening of the hive — pos-
sibly they are balling her to protect her — and if the hive is imme-
diately closed there is little danger that any harm will come to the
queen.

But it is another matter when you find a stranger-queen balled.
The probability is that the balling will continue till the queen is dead,
and your business is to get her out of the ball. Two things iloii'i do :
Don't try to pull the ball apart; and don't blow hot smoke upon the
ball. Either of these things will generally mean immediate death to
the queen. You may blow cold smoke upon the ball, holding the
smoker at a good distance, and at tirst it seems to have no effect; but
keep steadily blowing for some time, and gradually the bees will
loosen their hold and leave the ball, until the queen is left alone.
Possibly the better way is to drop the ball into water ; very soon each
bee will be trying to save itself.

Establishing Distant <>iit-.\piaries.— The usual reason
for establishing out-apiaries is that without them the home-field will
be overstocked, and the nearer home the better so long as there is no
overstocking, unless a better field can be reached by going to a greater
distance. Of late there seems a tendency to favor the establishment
of out.-apiaries at great distances — a hundred miles or so from home —
even when the field nearer home is not overstocked. It frequently
happens that a certain location will give a fine harvest when a second
location at a distance yields nothing, although the pasturage is the
same in each, climatic differences accounting for the difference in
the yield. Another year the second Held may be the paying one while
the bees are starving in the first. If apiaries be established in both
places, one or the other will be likely to have its dish right side up.
and so if apiaries be established at a sufficient distance apart, and at a
sufficient number of points, there will be little danger of a total failure
in any given year.

Possibly this establishment of apiaries at great distances may be ii
wise thing, but before acting upon it the question should be carefully
considered from all sides. Of course, it will cost much more to run
apiaries at greater distances, but if the total harvest be sufHciently
increased that will overbalance the cost. Suppose we have a home-
apiary and two out-apiaries, and siiiipose afield .50 miles north and
another 50 miles south, each exa. tly like the home field, and thai
every third year th«re is a total failure in each Held. The first year

the failure is in the north, the second in the south, and the third at
home. Each apiary in a good year yields IU,000 pounds.

Now, suppose the three apiaries are i)lanted in the home field, say
five miles apart. The first year will give 80,000 pounds of honey, the
second the same amount, and there will be nothing the third year —
altogether 60,000 pounds in the three years. Suppose, again, that one
of the out-apiaries is planted in the field ."lO miles north and the other
50 miles south. The first year is a failure at the north, but the other
two apiaries give 20,000 pounds. The second year gives 20,000 pounds
from the north and home apiary, and the third year gives 20,000
pounds from the north and south apiaries — no total failure in any one
year, but — we have no more in the three years by one plan than we
do by the other, just the 60,000 in the three years by either plan.

Before deciding, the practical question is this: Will the advan-
tage of having the crop equally distributed over each year without
getting any greater total in the three years be sufficiently great to
balance the greater inconvenience and expense of the greater dis-
tances *

Statistics of Bees, Honey, and Beeswa.x, in the Twelfth
United States Census Reports, are as follows: 4,109,626 colonies of
bees; with a value of 810,186.516. The total production of honey in
1900 was 61,196,160 lbs.; of beeswax, 1, "65, 315 lbs., which, together,
represented a value of 86,664,904. A grand total of §16,851,420.

Bee-keeping isn't quite so small an affair as some people might
suppose.

And it is increasing every year.

The Arthur C. Miller Hive-Cover.— Within the past few
years — indeed, within the past year or two — there has been unusual
interest in the matter of improvement in hive-covers. Several new
ones have been listed by manufacturers, and individual bee-keepers
have done no little in discussing what constitutes a good cover, and in
experimenting with regard to the matter. Among others, Arthur C.
Miller, of Rhode Island, has been thinking to some purpose, and
writes :

I have just made 25 new hive-covers. The top consists of four or
more narrow boards Ji' inch thick, tongued and grooved together.
These fit into end-pieces or cleats I'^'wide and grooved. Before the
grooved pieces are put on four or five thicknesses of newspaper are
laid on top, and a piece of thin cotton cloth stretched over all, and
held by three or four tacks. The paper goes only to the cleats, but
the cloth goes over the ends of the top boards. After the cleats are
on they are nailed from top to bottom, firmly fastening the upper and
lower parts together and holding the boards firmly.

Next, the cloth is drawn tight at the edges, held by a few tacks
and a cleat nailed on. This makes a pretty stiff cover, which, owing
to the narrowness of the boards, can not " twist" much.

The next step is to give the cloth a good coat of thlek flour-paste,
and it is allowed to dry a day, when it receives a coat of thick paint,
and later a second coat. This paste business is a trunk-maker's trick,
and a good one. The cloth so sized shrinks tight and takes less paint.
The paper makes a fine non-conductor, ahead of an air-space, and also
keeps the cloth free from the boards, so that no shrinking or swelling
wrinkles and cracks it.

The paper part and the paste part I have tried and know about.
The only part I am not sure about is the " twist " element of the nar-
row boards. The covers cost me here ( without paint) 11 cents.

Arthch C. Mii.i.er.

Whether those 25 covers come up to expectations c«n perhaps be
told only after they have been in use five, ten, or more years, but
there certainly seem to be several good points worth ponsidering in
them.

The use of paste means an important saving of paint. News-
papers themselves have been considered good non-conductors, and
several thicknesses of them with the air enclosed between them may,
quite possibly, be equivalent to the % air-space in double covers.

276

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

Certainly the expense will be less. With halt-inch lumber securely
fastened at the ends there can be no waiping.

Twisting is another matter. A large proportion of lumber will
twist with suflicient age. Cast-iron cleats holding the ends rigidly
will not prevent twisting. But to have the greatest amount of twist-
ing in a hive-cover, it must be made of a single board. Suppose a
cover made of a single board twists to that extent that at one corner
there is a crack of a quarter of an inch. Now make a cover of two
boards instead of a single board, and let one of them be of the afore-
mentioned twisting board. The craek at the corner will now be only
an eighth of an inch, and as it will also be decreased in length it will
not let in half as much air as the first crack. The crack will be still
further diminished by the fact that the cleat fastened to the other
board will have a restraining influence.

When the cover is made up of four or more narrow boards cleated
together, the chance for twisting is reduced to a minimum. Of
course, if it should happen that the four boards were of the same
relative twist as if made of a single board, the result would be pre-
cisely the same as if the single twisting board were used; but a little
figuring will show that the chance of such a combination is one in
several hundred.

Formalin Gas as a Cure for Foul Brood is the title of a
pamphlet published by C. H. W. Weber. Mr. Weber is very positive
that by means of formalin we can be saved the necessity of destroying
frames and combs, and full instructions are given as to the use of the
drug, with illustrations of the box and generator used. Price of
pamphlet, 35 cents. It can be ordered of this office.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chieago-Northwestepn Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag'o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from paffe 262.}

PICKLED BROOD— BLACK BROOD— FOUL BROOD.

A Member — If pickled brood is left in the cell vehat
would be the condition ?

Mr. France — Pickled brood is entirely different ; it
never gets this ribbed and backbone appearance, flattened
down across the sides of the wall ; it seems to hold a round-
ness, and will turn up, if you please, very much like foul
brood ; they are very hard ; you may sl»^ke the comb and
they will rattle ; they are loose ; if you will take a pair of
tweezers and press one of those it will come out readily ;
not so, however, with black brood ; I had some samples of
black brood, and, to my surprise, I was taking- such good
care of them they were beginning to mold a little in transit,
so I put it in the stove to avoid all danger of getting it in
my apiary. The one question I want to bring up now is.
How does it look ? Is there a question on that point ?

A Member — In pickled or black brood won't the cap-
pings be sunken and broken the same as foul brood ?

Mr. France — There is a difference in them ; with old
foul brood these sunken cappings frequently have a ten-
dency to be a little bit darker, although you would have to
have your eye trained to notice the comparative difference;
usually pickled brood has not a great deal of capping on it.

A Member — How long does it take before those cap-
pings will shrink?

Mr. France — About eight days ; about the same time
the bees would cap it over naturally. As soon as they get
it capped ovei> it begins to shrink, and very soon thereafter
there will be broken holes, quite often to the side of the cen-
ter.

Mr. Clarke — When they are perforated that way is that
before the larva; begins to sink ? Is it in the gases ?

Mr. France — Yes, I think it is the gases. This bee will
somehow take nourishment and grow.

Referring again to the case mentioned before, the night
I was there the bee-keeper was so intent upon it he went
that night ; he was so anxious to get a crop, but had not
had one for four years, although he used to get good crops,
but when he brought some bees from another locality he
had but little honey ; that night he put them in empty
boxes without foundation, and to keep any of them from
deserting he screened the entrance ; 48 hours afterwards he
gave them full sheets of foundation on five frames ; he con-
fined them to five frames ; as fast as those were drawn out
he put in other three.

A Member — Why do we starve them for 48 hours ?

Mr. France — We all know that the bee goes in good con-
dition from the hive tp the flowers ; it gathers nectar from
the flowers and brings it home in its honey-sac ; if you can
get these bees in the hives without filling themselves with
disease, they will not take it afterwards. I have sometimes
set another new, clean hive in place of the old hive, boring
a hole from the top, putting the diseased colony very quietly
in the evening, on top without closing the entrance ;
you have not disturbed them ; they have to go down and out
at the bottom, and when they come back they can not re-
turn ; the next day put the queen in, and in three or four
days you can take the hive off and they are transferred ;
but if I should advocate that, some one would make a blun-
der of it.

A Member — This dried scale that you were speaking of
— this turned-up part — suppose now that the colony was
affected with foul brood in the fall and we didn't know it,
and if that hive — if we happened to examine that hive in
the spring — would we still find that scale in the bottom of
the cell?

Mr. France — Yes, last fall, at one of the Farmers' Insti-
tutes, a man came to me and said : " I believe I have some-
thing I didn't know I had ; I am afraid my bees have foul
brood; I didn't notice any odor ; I do know this: I have
some brood-combs that have that little, black, turned-up
something." He showed me some of the combs at his
house — some of those dried-up things ; I could not see the
ropy stage ; these bees did have foul brood last summer ; if
I should go through your hives now we would see nothing
at those stages at this time of the year. You will not find
the ropy stage in 90 times out of 100 — only these little black
scales. Last spring I wrote him, and he said : " It is just
as you said ; when breeding began the next spring, and the3'
put honey or larva; into those cells of dried-down scale —
that is where the mischief begins and ruins it." As soon
as he had brood begin this year it was diseased. I have
never seen a case of foul brood that I have not been able to
trace to carelessness on the part of the bee-keeper, in almost
every case ; we speak about it being contagious, and we are
to blame ; our neighbor allows the disease to be out and
exposed ; our bees, which we can not fence in like our farm
stock, are exposed, and they go out and gather the disease
and bring it back again.

Mr. Moore — What is the point about letting 48 hours
elapse before putting them on full sheets ? Is it to allow
them to consume diseased honey ?

Mr. France — That is it ; the moment we disturb the
colony of bee-workers they load themselves with honey,
and we have no way to get these bees to rid themselves
of that honey except to starve them, and put them in the
hive with foundation or without ; if we screen the entrance
the queen sometimes becomes discouraged and will swarm.

A Member — Is 4.S hours absolutely safe ?

Mr. France — I never knew it to fail in the honey-flow
season. As to my experience with black brood, I have had
but very little ; I found a case in our State and traced it
from New York ; I bought it at my own figure and disposed
of it rather than to have any experimental work ; there is
this difterence — black brood has somewhat of a turned-up
appearance, but it relaxes ; it has decidedly a different
odor, I would liken it to a carpenter's glue-pot that has be-
come spoiled ; it has somewhat the odor of stale furniture
glue. Black brood would have more of the odor peculiar to
sour apples ; if you have taken some apples and thrown
them out in a little bunch and let them lay — it has some-
what the odor of those decayed apples. It also has some-
what the tendency to dissolve the wax of the side-walls of
comb, but I have never known foul brood to injure the
comb ; that seems to remain perfect ; again, these little,
black, dried-down scales on the lower side-wall, which just
the end would show looking in here [indicating], in that
stage the comb looks apparently clean, and I fully believe,
so long as that comb has not been subjected to heat suffi-
cient to kill the germs of life, there it will remain dormant

April 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

211

and renew its power to destroy as soon as the bees put in
their honey, pollen or larva.

In one of our counties just north I saw a peculiar in-
stance. I was passing by with my liveryman — seeini;^ some
bee-hives, and it being noou-tirae, I said to him : " I would
rather eat dinner with a farmer bee-keeper than to go to the
hotel." We went in and I took dinner there, and he wanted
to know my mission, and soon : he said to me : "My wife
has a swarm of bees ; I used to have a good many swarms
and they all died." He was anxious to keep bees, and, be-
ing a mason by trade, he had sealed the entrances of those
hives ; eggs had been deposited there, and he had stored
away those hives with those black scales in, in the granary ;
eight years afterwards a swarm of bees came there and
alighted in an apple-tree back of the house. The wife, not
knowing where those hives were, took a square cracker-bos
for a hive and put the bees into that, and they did fairly
well, in a good, old-fashioned way ; they filled up the box.
She wandered oflf on missionary work one day to some of
her neighbors, and being away the next time they swarmed
he, coming down from the field, saw the bees out on the
tree. " Now," he thought, " I have some hives, I will hive
them on a full set of clean combs ;" and he did. He wanted
me to examine the hive. I turned it up and got that pecu-
liar odor. I said to him : " I want you to know to your
satisfaction that I am right." I opened it up and took out
the comb, and there were the sunken cappings, the ropy
stage, and plenty of it ; and over in the corner, where there
was no brood at all, I found those black, dried-down scales
of eight years ago. Then I went up to the granary and
found many diseased combs there. I told him to make up
a good fire in the big iron kettle and we would fix it.

A Member — Would you work on the McEvoy plan, or
starve the brood ?

Mr. France — Well, if I mistake not that is the McEvoy
plan ; we starve them just long enough to get out of that lit-
tle bee the diseased honey.

A Member — I shook the bees off on starters and left
them to go in and out as they pleased. The starving plan
is closing the hive up with screenings, and the bees worried
themselves to death ; when I tried it I lost almost half of
them.

Mr. France — If you screen them, and put them in a cool
place and give them a little water they will be all right,
otherwise they get annoyed ; in almost all cases I leave the
hive open, narrowed down to keep the robber-bees from
coming in.

A Member — Providing a number of combs that had
contained foul brood had been stored away, how long after-
ward might the odor of foul brood be detected — one, two,
three, or four years ?

Mr. France — I don't think you would get very much of
it a year afterwards ; it becomes so dried down and hard it
would be hard to detect it.

A Member — What is the first stage by which it can be
detected ? If you don't know you have it in your yard how
do you go to work to find it ?

Mr. France — I question whether the naked eye could
detect it ; there would be no difference in the outward ap-
pearance.

A Member — In regard to the perforations — is it not a
fact that you can not go to a healthy colony and find those
perforations in the cells? Isn't it about 99 cases out of
100, you may say, that you do find those perforated cappings ?
It is just as if you had put a needle or pin in the cell. Is
that not unmistakably foul brood ?

Mr. France — Pickled brood may have ; it is a very good
guide-board.

A Member— With the foul brood the cappings don't be-
gin to sink until after the gases leave the larvae, do they ?

Mr. France — Just as they begin.

A Member— Directly the gases leave the larva?,'-which
causes pressure on the top of the cell, directly the gases are
released by that perforation, you may say the cappings then
recede and have that sunken appearance, don't they ?

Mr. France — Yes.

(Continued next week.)

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrrated. and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, SI. 00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for SI. 75. Address
all orders to this office.

X.^4>^.^«.^.j!CJ!i.JiC^^C^iC^..M>^>J>C^.^:CJit.AL^>C^M

L Contributed Articles.

*r>rK

Rearing Long-Lived Bees and Queens.

BV DK. E. I.ALLl'P.

DEC. 16 and 17, our Southern California Bee-Keepers'
Association had a meeting in Los Angeles. I dropped
in on the 17th and was told they had drawn Gallup
" over the coals " for condemning all our Eastern queen-
breeders. Of course, I denied that point-blank. But I did,
and do still, condemn the rearing of queens and having the
cells built and cared for in small nuclei. It is positively
the deterioration of our bees in the worst possible manner.
So when I came home on the 20th, here was the American
Bee Journal and C. P. Dadant's article. Now, can it be
possible that I am such a dull writer that I cannot make
myself understood, or what is the matter ?

Now, Mr. Dadant, you say it would be a waste of time
for anybody to tell you that your bees were inferior, etc. Did
Gallup ever tell you that queens reared in the manner you
speak of were inferior ? Certainly not, for that is exactly
what I have been teaching.

Mr. Dadant sums up finally, by saying, " In my opinion
we must rear our queens in good, healthy colonies," and
here again I do not disagree with him one particle. I have
reared just as good queens as can be reared in this manner.
Take my best colony in every respect, and I prefer the
leather-colored queen instead of the light-colored one ; make
the colony extra strong in numbers, by filling the hives to
overflowing with nursing bees from other colonies. Now I
am so foolish as to think that I get more good cells built
in a colony thus prepared, and am sure to get every cell
with an extra-large amount of royal jelly to support the
embryo. Every cell will contain a good queen, etc.

We do not have any poor cells and poor queens to de-
stroy or discard ; Mr. Alley says he does with his nucleus-
reared queens. Now, my 36-frame hives were the small
Gallup frame, not the Langstroth frame. I only spoke of
one queen living 6 years, and her wing was clipped, so that
I know. I received the queen from Adam Grimm as a
present, and did not use her in my 36-frame hive, as it was
before I even thought of getting up such a hive. I know
that I have had a number of queens since that lived 4 or 5
years. I futhermore know that I have had quite a number
of queens that would, and did, occupy 16 Langstroth combs
with brood ; I have had 3 within the past two seasons —
tramp swarms — that I picked up, and naturally reared at
that, and common black bees, no one had anything to do
with their rearing.

When I took Mr. Kenny's bees, in Ventura county, I
selected 2 leather-colored queens in 10-frame Langstroth
hives to breed from. I commenced stimulating the first of
February with diluted honey. I used the hives two stories
high, both queens fully occupied 16 frames with eggs and
brood, and I had 36 good queens from them by natural
swarming, saving every one of them. I hived the 2 swarms
when they came out, on ready-made worker-combs, and in
21 days each queen had its 1() combs filled with brood and
eggs. I sold out to Mr. Mclntyre, and he said in the con-
vention the other day that that stock still leads all the
apiaries in that section of the country for productiveness
and profit. He is the Secretary of our Association— I say
" our," because they unanimously elected Gallup an honor-
ary member. He says there is not a queen in existence
whose bees live from the first of May until the first of Sep-
tember. Well, I guess that is so.

Now, I must tell the circumstances, surroundings, etc. :
When I moved to Iowa I purchased 65 acres of land in the
edge of a body of heavy timber, and clean, rolling prairie,
one mile out. I purchased the timber as a splendid location
for bee-keeping, as I had lived on the open prairie in Wis-
consin aud did not like the locality for bee-keeping, as it
was too windy, and not a good variety of flowers. Well, I
cleared up 6 acres, and yarded my sheep on it ; they killed
all the sprouts, and in two years pretty thoroughly covered
the land with rich sheep-manure, and then I sowed it to
white clover and got a splendid stand. This was the first
white clover in that part of the State. I cleared up a few
acres more for orchard, vegetable garden, etc., on the east
side of the house ; the clearing was a strip of land, before

278

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

coming to the prairie, half a mile wide, covered with oak
and wild plums, choke, black and red cherries, wild crab
apple and thorn-apples, etc. — all one mass of bloom in their
season. On the west side was heavy timber consisting of
rock and white maple, three varieties of elm, willows on a
small creek, lowland and upland basswood ; so the blos-
soming was prolonged for four week; different kinds of
oak, black walnuts, etc., four different kinds of goldenrod,
all right in the timber, and no wind at all as the bee-forage
was perfectly protected by the timber on all sides.

My white clover patch was so perfectly manured and
protected that it produced large quantities of nectar. There
was no forage of any kind to induce the bees on the open
prairie. My hybrid colony swarmed some time the first
week in May ; I killed the queen in the swarm, and intro-
duced a natural queen-cell, cut out 8 queen-cells from the
old stand, examined everyone and found the umbilical cord
attachment. After seeing the umbilical cord, the first one I
ever saw from the basswood log, I had examined over 100
cells and found none, and began to think I must be mis-
taken when I saw my first one. In dividing colonies and
compelling one-half to rear cells there is no cord ; in rear-
ing queens in nuclei there is none. But in natural swarm-
ing we find them, and in natural superseding.

Now comes a question, and I am like Dr. Miller, " don't
know," because I never have examined to see. Is there an
umbilical cord attached to the nymph or embryo where we
take away the queen from a populous colony and compel
them to rear a queen ? That is the question before the
house. Now, my observation goes to show that the cord is
placed there for a purpose, and that purpose has something
to do with the longevity of the queen. We may not be able
to discover any material difference in the first two or three
generations, where no other requirements are lacking for
rearing first-class queens, but in the end it will tell. It
tells at once to the observing person, where we divide our
bees and compel one-half to rear queens.

Now, Mr. Dadant, as I have told you just where to look
for that umbilical cord, look for yourself, and you will be a
great sight better satisfied than you will be to have some
professor to tell you. You will have no trouble in seeing
or finding it at all ; anyone can see it or find it when he
looks in the right place, and at the right time, without a
microscope or magnifying glass ; and if you are as aston-
ished as I was when I saw my first one, it will pay you to
investigate.

Now I will get back to that hybrid colonj'. They were
peculiarly marked, so that I could not possibly be mistaken
in them ; they were quite numerous up to the last half of
August, and quite a number showed up on the first week in
September, but they were very old looking, hair all gone,
and almost coal-black. Remember, they were perfectly
sheltered, and had no winds to contend with. The bees
from Mr. Alley's two queens that he sent me were all gone
by the first week in February. There was no disease about
them, they simply died with old age. The queens were
both alive, one had barely a few bees, but not enough to
occupy two sides of a comb; the other had probably a trifle
over a gill of bees, all gone in the winter in just three
months. Here was short life with a vengeance. Those bees
did not die in the hive but flew away themselves, to die.
Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 28.

How Bees Feed Each Other— Stimulative
Feeding.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

MR. DADANT has an interesting article on stimulative
feeding, on page 231, but unfortunately fpr the value
of his deductions 'they are based on erroneous prem-
ises.

It is not pleasant to charge so careful and usually pains-
taking a man as is Mr. Dadant with ignorance of ordinary
bee-life, but feeling that he is as anxious as anybody for
the truth, and that he will accept my correction in the
kindly spirit in which it is intended, I will without further
apology show wherein he is wrong.

1st. He says bees returning from the field instead of
depositing the load in the cells often hand it over to a young
bee so as to get oft' to the fields again.

Possibly bees sometimes do this, but I have never seen
it, and I have watched bees pretty closely. Further, such
an operation would delay rather than speed the bees' move-
ments, because it is a very short operation for a bee to

empty the contents of her honey-sac into a cell, but it is a
slow operation for another bee to suck up a load with her
proboscis.

2d. Whenever one of the young bees with one of these
transferred loads " meets a queen she respectfully and de-
ferentially holds out her proboscis towards her and offers
her a taste."

Food is never given on or by the tongtie of the giving
bee, but is taken from that bee's nioutlt by the tongue of the
receiving bee. The disgorging of food is done with the
proboscis folded back. Further more, bees, except in feed-
ing brood, never voluntarily give food ; it always has to be
asked for, and sometimes almost taken by force. Also, it is
not fresh nectar which is given to the queen, but digested
pollen and honey, i. e., chyle. I have never seen food offered
to a queen, the "show of tongues " when she is taking food
merely being an attempt on the part of the bees to get a
taste of the coveted " pap."

As to the bees' deferential treatment of the queen, it is
all a mistaken idea. Except during a peculiar operation
which I have termed " grooming," bees never show any-
thing which approaches respect or deference for their
mother. I know these things from my own oft-repeated ob-
servations, and have shown them to others.

3d. When bees are not harvesting they are quiet. "If
the bees are fed sparingly and often, they are stirred up and
create more heat." (My italics.)

That is a clue to the increase in the queen's laying,
the increased activity with its resultant increase of heat.
Having kept bees chiefly as a pastime I have probably de-
voted much more time to experimenting than persons who
keeps bees for a business. JBut as a hobby which pays its
own way is always more pleasant to ride than one calling
for cash, I have always tried to make the bees pay their
way, and have succeeded. Among other experiments were
many on stimulative feeding in the spring. All sorts of
food, fed in all sorts of ways, and to all conditions of colo-
nies, at last forced the conviction that " stimulative feed-
ing " was always done at a loss ; that the best time to feed
the colonies was in the fall, and that colonies worth winter-
ing when given sufficient food then were in the best of
condition in the spring, and for the harvest.

4th. In the example cited by Mr. Dadant, where a col-
ony kept up a business of slow robbing, he attributes its
great increase to the acquisition of the food. If the results
were the same in the majority of cases such a conclusion
might be drawn, but I have not been able to obtain even a
fair number of colonies that responded thus to slow feeding.
But it should be noted that when the unintentional feeding
was progressing, the weather was such that the bees could
fly out daily, and that they, to all intents and purposes,
were getting a natural supply of food. It is not possible
thus to feed a whole apiary, nor can we pick out the needy
and set them at sly feeding. Feeding in the hive or at the
entrance is entirely different. If a colony at that season
can double itself in a month we may be confident that there
was behind that growth some far more potent cause than a
"one bee at a time" food-supply.

Providence Co., R. I.

No. 1.— Queen-Rearing^Are We Advancing
or Retrograding?

BV G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A YEAR or two ago, much stress was laid on our rearing
better queens than we had been doing during the past,
and many new thoughts were e'xpressed along this line,
looking toward an advance. Then the matter seemed to
wane somewhat, and lately I notice some thoughts expressed
which seem quite contrary to those of two years ago. I find
some arguing that a pint of bees, if of the right age, will
start queen-cells and rear better queens, than will a large
number of bees without any special reference to their age;
and that "nearly every bee-keeper nowadays " starts his
cells by taking a pint or so of young bees to do it with. This
pint of bees is to be taken and caged in such a way as to
cause them to be very sorrowful or like children having lost
their parents, and that they have been kept thus till they
mourn themselves almost to death, then these young bees,
even if there is only a pint of them, will rear better queens
than will a whole colony in a normal condition. Is this
correct ? Can this be an advancement ?

It is claimed by some that the queen-breeders of the
past did not know that " young bees were the chief es^en-

April 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

279

tial to queen-rearing-, and without them success is im])ossi-
ble." Such claims can only be made throug-h a lack of be-
ing- conversant with the literature of the past, for consUler-
able was said on this subject durinjf the latterseveiitios and
eighties, in opposition to the claims then made, that all that
was necessary to rear g-ood queens was to put a frame of
brood in a hive and set the same on the stand of a populous
colony, after removing said colouy.to a new stand. Such a
procedure was spoken against by many, on the ground of
its not providing young bees for the work of queen-rearing.
The author of " Scientific Queen-Rearing " plainly states in
that book, that " Nature designed young bees to do this
work," and that book was written during the year ixsj*, and
the experiments leading up thereto were conducted during
the previous five years. To be sure, these young bees were
not caged, a pint at a time, for this work, for such would
have been considered as a move in the wrong direction, as
it undoubtedly is now. Why go to the extra work and ex-
pense of caging a pint of young bees when such are in the
upper story of any populous colony by the thousands ?

All careful observers know that very few but young
bees, of the rig-ht age for queen-rearing, are in the upper
stories of our hives during the working season of the year.
Why cause the bees to " thrash and mourn at the loss of their
queen and brood," and be thrown into an exceedingly ab-
normal condition, under which conditions no really good
work at queen-rearing can be done, as is shown by the short
life of queens so reared, and their workers, when all know,
or should know, that the best, long-lived queens, giving
long-lived workers, are reared only when a colony is in as
nearly a normal condition as possible ? It is far easier to
set a frame of prepared cell-cups into an upper story of a
colony, where there are thousands of young bees of the right
age, in a perfect normal condition, than to adopt all the
" fuss and feathers" of catching and caging a pint of bees,
and then throwing tliem into a frenzy and an abnormal
condition, only to get inferior queens in the end. And this
has to be done every time a batch of cells is to be reared,
while with the normal plan as given in " Scientific Queen-
Rearing," that gives the best, long-lived queens, (as thous-
ands who have used that plan can testify), one preparation
of a single colony in early spring, will give a batch of per-
fected queen-cells, of the highest order, three times a week
during the whole season.

Accepting and advocating a plan for rearing- queens
with only a pint of bees, can only prove a backward move-
ment, with all desiring the best of queens, or the improve-
ment of stock : and the only plea I can find for such a mode
of procedure is that a person maj' be able to place a
maximum number of queens on the market at a minimum
cost. If the statement that, " Nearly every bee-keeper now-
adays starts his cells by taking up a pint or so of bees," be
true, the bee-keepers of " nowadays " are to be pitied, for
to rear good queens the warmth of the cluster must be kept
up to a temperature of from 95 to 98 degrees, as I have
proven several times with a self-registering thermometer ;
and no pint of bees can maintain this temperature, except
in very warm weather. With the advent of a cool day or a
cold night, the embryo queens would be partially or wholly
chilled, all of which would be verj- much against any good
results.

But we are given to understand that the reason why
this pint of young bees will do such good work, lies in the
fact that they are all of the right age, without any old bees,
for. say thej', these " older bees are a detriment." I wonder
how many believe such a statement as that. Can it be true
that all of the good queens that have been reared from the
time Samson found the colony in his lion's carcass, down to
the nineteenth century — which brought to us the stock from
which our own bees sprang in so nearly a perfect condition
as we found them — were reared without these detrimen-
tal (?) old bees ? No one can believe such a proposition. < ild
bees are as surely needed in the production of good queens
as are the 3'oung ones, even if they are worthless at cell-
building and supplying the royal larvie with chyle for their
growth. And the science that tells of no old bees for queen-
rearing is wrong.

In order that the young bees may do their part, the old
bees are needed to bring in forage from the fields, and keep
up the proper temperature of the hive on cool days and
cold nights ; and especially to keep the colony in as nearly
a normal condition as possible, without which no fjood
queens can be reared, unless these conditions are kept up
artificially by man. the latter two of which even man can-
not supply in any other than an imperfect way.

In all the experiments I have made, trying to keep up
the right temperature for queen-rearing with very small

colonies, I have failed. For the same has always resulted
in a delayed development on account of the temperature
falling too low during cold spells, or the thing has been an
entire failure on account of the temperature running too
high for a short period, which is sure to result in the death
of the embryo queens.

From all the experiments that I have tried during the
past 30 years of efi'ort at improved queen-rearing, I am con-
vinced that the best of queens can be reared only where a
colony is strong in numbers, with bees of all ages, and the
conditions the same, or very similar to, what they are dur-
ing times of natural swarming;, and in cases of the super-
sedure of queens ; and I say this after having tried all of
the plans of caging bees, etc., that have been put before the
public.

I believe it to be of far more importance to us of the
present, and to those who are to come after, as well, that
we bend every effort to improve our bees as much as possible,
using only the plans which give the best, rather than in
trying short-cut plans that we may distance some others
who are trying to see how cheaply they can produce queens
and place them on the market. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

A Plan to Prevent Swarming.

BY R. F. HII,!,.

THE plan to prevent swarming practiced by the bee-keep-
ers in this locality seems to be exceedingly simple and
successful, and I give it as follows:

The hive in general use is the ordinary 8 frame. As
soon as the bees appear to be crowded, or show disposition
to throw off a swarm, a hive filled with combs or founda-
tion is placed on the old stand. Two frames of brood and
the queen are removed from the old hive and placed in the
center of the new. If anj' queen-cells are discovered on the
combs, they are destroyed. A queen-excluder is placed over
the new hive, and, the old one, after the combs have been
carefully inspected, and royal cells destroyed, is placed on
top. All ingress and exit from the old hive is down and
through the new one, which the bees will immediately fill
with honey and brood. As soon as the brood is hatched
from the old combs, there being no further eggs laid, the
bees clean out and fill with honey.

The process of placing new hives under old ones contin-
ues all season, in many cases as many as 4 or S hives being
stacked one above the other, the queen-excluder being always
kept next to the parent colony. If this plan is followed,
there is little or no trouble about swarming, and less about
queenless colonies.

This, of course, refers to the production of extracted
honey, but it certainly produces a strain of bees that are
little inclined to swarm.

My own experience and opinion about bees is that there
is a whole lot of humbug about prolific and long-lived
queens. The poorest queens appear to lay a great many
more eggs than I have any use for, as it keeps entirelj'
too large a proportion of the bees employed as nurses, and
too small proportion as honey-gatherers.

The plan just outlined delays the egg-laying process,
because the queen has to wait until the new cells are pre-
pared. '

If a colony becomes weakened the most practical way is
to remove a few frames of brood from a strong colony, or
else shake them out into a stronger colony.

Wormy frames, and queens that permit worms, I im-
mediately get rid of. Ramsey Co., Minn.

Honey as a Health=Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3'2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cdok-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25-
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your busine.«s card
printed at the bottom^of the front page, add 25 cts. to.your
order.

280

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

\ Our Bee-HeeDin§ Sisters t

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, III.
A Wet Spring- and the Bees.

Rain, rain, rain, how it has rained for three days, and
how things are growing ; the grass looks as if it might be
the last of May instead of the 15th of April. If the bees
survive the changeable weather it surely does look as if we
ought to have a big crop of honey this year. But you never
can tell ; it is not safe to count on a honey crop before you
get it.

The ground was so full of water last fall, and we have
had so much rain this spring, that the bottom seems to have
fallen out of the roads — not for years have we known any-
thing like it, so that we have not taken our bees to the out-
apiaries yet, but expect to haul them soon. I am always
glad to get them located, then it seems as if business had
fairly begun.

As I stood watching the bees the other day I was sur-
prised to note the number of different kinds of pollen they
were bringing in, and they were fairly tumbling over one
another in their eagerness to get out.

In the spring we always close the entrances of our hives
by means of an entrance-block, so that only a very small
entrance is left — about an inch square. On very warm,
pleasant days, it would seem as if it were almost too small,
and the bees come tumbling out one over another, seem-
ingly resenting such an arrangement ; but when the ther-
mometer takes a sudden drop, and the snow begins to drive,
and the cold wind howls, then I am sure they appeciate it
(at least we do), as I feel pretty certain it prevents brood
from being chilled — something like putting an extra cover
on the bed, you know.

Watering' the Bees— Sunflowers, Etc.

Some three years ago I read about spring dwindling of
bees, that they go out to get water and many get chilled
and do not get back ; and that occurring every day was
partly the cause of spring dwindling. I read about it in
the American Bee Journal one evening, after I went to bed.
Before I went to sleep I had them all watered (in my mind),
and I soon put it in practice by having a little trough at the
entrance of each hive, so all they have to do is to come out
to the trough and get the water, and go back. The troughs
have a little piece nailed on each side of one end that goes
into the entrance ; it fits up close against the hive. I have
the entrance in the middle of the hive, so it is at one edge
of it. The troughs are 9 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 1'2
inches deep. I am going to make some more, but I will
make them deeper, so they will hold more water ; the ones
I have hold only a pint. I will make the strips wider. I
nail the strips on the side of the bottom part, making it the
same length as the bottom piece, then the two end-pieces
across the end of the bottom-piece and the ends of the
pieces that I have nailed on the side. They have to be
sawed true, so as to be water-tight, or they will leak all the
water. I cut the stalks of my erianthus grass and lay it on
top of the water so the bees will not get in and drown. Any-
thing that will float will answer to keep them out of the
water. Of course, this is for the sisters who are keeping
bees in a small way like I am.

My bees had a flight Dec. 2, aud three in February, so I
think they will winter all right ; they seem strong when
flying.

Either I or some one else made a mistake in my last
article about my age ; it should have been 75 instead of 79.
, Yes, I can use a plane and saw as well as a hammer. I
can saw on a straight mark as good as any man. I can do
fancy-work, and a good many other things that do not be-
long to the bee-business. I raised a good many sunflowers
last summer, and the bees would work on them until they
were as yellow as the flowers. I had 90 quarts of seed ; my
pigeons are very fond of them.

The article in the American Bee Journal about the
spider-plant, and how to raise it, is worth half the price of
the journal. I did not know why I could not get it to come
up until I read that article. I have saved a lot for the bees,

and want to plant a lot more this summer for them, and
have the seed to feed to the pigeons.

I can agree with your mother. Miss Wilson, about tea
and coffee. I have not used either for over SO years, and I
seldom drink anything at meal-time, as I think it more
healthy to eat without drinking. I use a good deal of fruit-
juice put up as fruit. Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J., March 9.

The Afterthought. *

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By e. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

GBTTING BXPERIENCE WITH INCREASE.

Neither novel nor ever likely to get out of date — is Dr.
Gallup's advice to those desiring to start apiaries. Begin
with very few, and make your colonies. You don't know so
much about bees but that what you learn in the process will
more than pay you for the time you lose. So doing, the
purchase price of a lot of colonies is saved, and is a clear
gain to you. Page 182.

GROWING BASSWOOD TREES.

I can testify that basswood seedlings three inches high
— neglected and not in their natural soil— do not always
come to naught. But all the same, J. D. Gehring's advice
to get a load of dirt from where basswoods naturally grow
seems to be sound. But the dirt alone, possibly it may not
entirely prevent the slaughter wrought by the scorching
mid-summer sun of the first season — if that is the main
trouble. Who knows ? Page 183.

DIVISION RATHER THAN SHAKEN SWARM.

It's a division rather than a shaken swarm that Geo.
W. Stiuebring tells us about on page 183. Good thing in
its way — although with a colony at swarming strength,
looking over the combs and setting aside the comb the
queen is on, is not likely to float on as smoothly as the read-
ing of it does.

INFORMATION REGARDING BEE-CULTURE.

" Please send information regarding bee-culture," eh ?
Surely, there ia latitude enough. Natural for innocent out-
siders to suppose that we department folk must have some'
informatipn on hand. Why not trot a sample of it out ?
Supposing it had been a man, and that he had fired his re-
quest point-blank at the whole staff, perhaps he might have
got the maxims below :

Bee-culture is not designed for women-folk.

Bee culture is specially adapted to women — and chil-
dren, and invalids.

Bee-culture is a plain bread-and-butter affair, and sen-
timentalism mustn't be allowed to get into it.

Bee-culture is a science, a fascinating science, and if
incidentally some profit arises from it no right-minded bee-
culturist should be too much taken up with that.

Bee-culture is a boundless mint of money — 'causeyou go
in and make your capital as you go along — and bees work
for nothing and board themselves.

Nobody gets rich at bee-culture — and "off years " keep
coming in which you do not make anything — and bad win-
ters in which your capital disappears.

Bee-culture has nothing in it at all — unless you start a
bee-paper and get rich at that.

Bee-culture is so nice and neat.

A leading objection to bee-culture is that it is so miser-
ably dirty.

One of the most independent of all ways to live.

Too sadly dependent on the cit)' commission man —
'cause one's product is not a staple, and there's no reliable
market for it.

The main objection to bee-culture is that you might get
stung.

The getting stung part is too trifling to be thought of.

So nice to be considered a higher order of being than
plain fanners.

So " nice " to have everybody say. " He don't work for
a living ; lie just fusses with bees." Page 184.

(You see by the above that this is house-cleaning time,
and so the proper season to hang out musty samples of in-

April 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

261

formation on the line. Misery I I By the time this gets
into print they'll say, " How late your house-cleaning-
comes !")

BLACKS AND ITALIANS IN BAD WKATHKK.

An idea advanced by Geo. B. Whitcomb, page 1>7, may
have something in it. Claimed that in very rainv localities
black bees will be patient and stay in the hive whenever it
is unprolitable to be out. Also claimed that Italians are
pretty sure to be impatient and reduce themselves to ruin-
ous weakness by going out in bad weather. Wonder if the
sliding screen in front, which we had up a few weeks ago,
could be made to help in this case.

\ Questions and Answers. {

CONDUCTED

DR. O. O. MILLER, Marengo, ni,

(The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bv mall.— Editob.1

Management for Increase.

I have 2S strong colonies and want to increase to .50 if possible
this season, and would like to do it artificially as I think it will save a
Idt of time. This is my second season with bees. How shall I pro-
ceed* Would it do to divide the frames just before they are ready to
swarm J and is it best to put frames of foundation in the old colony
where I take out the frames of brood? " Ontario.

Answer. — Yes, one of the simplest way is to divide each colony
into two parts before the bees swarm. Leave the old queen on the old
stand, and put more than half the brood with adhering- bees on a new
stand, and they will rear a queen. Fill vacancies with frames having
full sheets of foundation.

But that's far from the best way. Just what the best way is, de-
pends upon circumstances, and it would take more room than the
patient editor would allow us in this department to go fully into the
whole subject of artificial increase. Study up general principles in
your text-book, and you will be better prepared to judge what is best
for you. If there's any special point in the text-book that needs
further elucidation, ask all the questions you like — that's what this
department is for. If the editor can't get it all in with the fine type
he's using, he can put some of it in lead-pencil around the margin !
Artificial increase is perhaps given more fully in ''Forty Years
Among the Bees " than in any other book.

Light in Supers-After-Swarms.

1. Will light getting in between the supers and brood-chamber,
or under the cover, have a tendency to keep the bees from working in
the super.' I have some supers that do not fit snugly, but 1 can use
packing to exclude the light if it is necessary.

2. In case of after-swarms, what would you recommend doing
with them; Virginia.

Ans-wers — 1. Perhaps the light would do little or no harm, but
on cool nights it isn't a good thing to have cracks admitting the cold.

3. Return them, or unite two or more of them, unless you want
the increase. Better still, prevent them. Set the swarm on the old
stand with the old hive close beside it, and a week later move the old
hive to a new place.

Questions on Wintering and Swarming.

1. Can I make a standard Langstrolh or a Danz. hive a safe place
for bees to reside in during the winter in northern Illinois; If so,
how; Laying aside the loss of honey (salable), wouldn't you advise
.Jumbo or Dadanl hives;

2. If I raise the coffee-sacking or burlap with cobs or sticks,
the bees usually come up and cluster above the frames in cold weather
(formeiiu outdoor wintering. Is this as well as to keep them <lown
on the frames; It seems to me that those bees that have to stay in
those narrow spaces between the honey, near the top of frames, must
need have sore throats — and they are the ones, perhaps, that have rheu-
matism in their shoulders and can't fly in spring-time.

3. Will the weight of honey in a 10-frame super sag the T tins in
the center so as to make the '4 bee-space too narrow ;

4. Are the side supports of the loose T tins set into the b"-o of
super! If not, is there n<it a vacant space left for the bees ti) propo-
lize and to let in cold air: You need not answer this if you think I
would better buy one and lo"k for myself.

.=). I have the most of my Ijees now that show three yell. iw or
bronze bands. Their queens do not run excitedly, and the b.-.-- act,
I think, in quite a proper manner, waiting, as a rule, on the coul' near
or over the young, and generally receiving with kindness if I am ;i'ilite

in my calling; but these bees havi- mostly, or entirely, black or hybrid
ancestors. Are taey Italians; iif course, I have been choosing their
mother and brothers from the hi-ttrr colored ciueens for several years,
and there are now colonies in whit'h I can seldom find a bee which
does not show :i lighter bands. Do you think that bees from Italy
would be willing to "sit in the sauie pew" with them; and could
they breast so strong a wind as those who helped tempt the Vandals to
Rome;

11. I spent last evening reading " 40 Years." Now, after I " put
up the queen" and the bees in-low have started cells, (page lt')4), 1
give them a cell about ready to hatch, of my own choosing. After the
queen from this cell begins to lay, I " put down " the old hive, having
removed its ciueen 2 or .'S days prinr. and unite the two. Will this hold
the whole union from swarming' ' We could get a young queen and
a good swarm this way, but would the "put down," not knowing that
the " holdens" below had reared a young queen of the "current year," '
give the whole union the " fever' " or would the aborigines tell the
prodigals that they had a current queen now, and that she was not go-
ing to move until next spring;

T. Would an inserted cell act on swarming the same as a queen
hatched from one of their own cups ;

I have good reason for believing that a young queen feels as you
say about swarming. Illinois.

Answers. — 1. You can make them safe by having a lot of extra
combs of sealed honey, and using these fall and spring. But the larger
hives are safer. I got as much honey from 10-frame hives as from
smaller ones, but it was harder work handling them.

2. Being above the cluster, they ought not to suffer; but there is
really no need of any more space for the bees than just enough for
them to cross over the top-bars.

:i The upright part of the T tin does not allow the least sag.

4. There is no trouble whatever. If sheet-iron is used, the thick-
ness is not enough to count. If bent staples are used, they are mashed
clear into the wood, so not the slightest space is left.

h. In spite of the apparent prevalence of black blood in their an-
cestry, your selection seems to have been such that Italian blood pre-
vails, and your bees can hold up their heads as high as any "to the
manner born." The crossing is rather an element of strength than of
weakness.

7. Let's get at the principle — it we can. Other things being equal,
a young queen is less likely to swarm than the older one. But if the
youngqueen is intlif riyltt iiHrroii>i(!:ii;jx,she'U swarm about as surely as
an older one, for the condition of the'brood is a very important factor.
I think that the chief reason why a colony does not swarm with queen
reared in the hive the current year, is because of the condition of the
brood, there having been for some time no young brood to feed. So
when you p'ut down brood that has been queenless only two or three
days, they have the stuff to swarm with, and they may swarm.

7. An inserted cell will result exactly the same as one of the same
age built by the bees themselves, providing there's no change in the
brood.

Management at Swarming-Time.

I caught 10 colonies of bees in box-hives, and I would like to
know if it will do in swarming-tlme to pick the box-hive up bodily
and shake the bees out, put a new hive with the bees on the stand, and
put the old hive in a new place;

My first experience with bees was last spring. I caught a colony
in a box-hive, and they swarmed 4 times, and what remained I drum-
med out and divided them between the last two swarms. From the
first swarm 1 got 72 sections well filled; from the second I got 48 sec-
tions. I don't want so much increase, for I have now 19, all told — 10
in box-hives, and 11 in 9-frame hives, called the " Jones Combination
Hive." Ontario.

Answer.— Yes, it will do to shake the bees out, if you cm, and if
you make sure to get the queen with them. You will probably find it
easier to drum them out.

Catnip.

1. Will catnip grow on sandy soil ;

2. Does it prefer shade or sun ;

3. Will it blossom the first year; Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. Y'es, if not too sandy.

2. It seems to have a partiality for hedgerows, but that may he
more because of the protection, for it grows well right in the full
blaze of the sun.

3. I think not.

Porcefl Swarms— Wintering Bees.

1. In your comments on the "ABC of Bee-Culture '' (No. 307,
page 6). Do you put a super on the new swarm at once when hivedi
Do you use an excluder?

2. In the forced-swarm method do you use starters or full sheets
of foundation ; Do you put on a super at once, and do you use an ex-
cluder;

ii. If one uses full sheets of foundation in the brood-frames, will
the bees change worker-cells into drone-cells when they get ready > If
so, how would it work in forced swarming to melt up the comb in the
old hive after the second drive and replace with starters; If done
every year would it keep down an excess of drone-comb?

4. The last two winters I have put on a super (filled with unBn-

282

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

YOU ARE TO BE THE JUDGE!

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A MINERAL SPRING AT YOUR DOOR.

ished sections) on several of my hives. Tliese sections were filled with
black honey, and the bees cleaned them out nicely. I used no packing
over the frames, and the bees came through nicely. I wintered them
out-of-doors in a winter-case, the ones I use holding 8 hives. The
sides and ends are made of Ijoards cleated together, lined with tar-
paper, and can be taken down and put away for use again. There is
plenty of honey below. The temperature went as low as 20 degrees
below zero. Is there any harm in doing this way. F. R. Briggs.

Answers. — 1. Follow the rule that applies to giving supers to
any swarm. If you give a super at once there is danger that the
queen will go up and lay in it; so wait a day or more until the queen
has begun laying in the brood-chamber, or else give the super at once
over a queen-excluder.

2. Some prefer starters, and some say full sheets of foundation,
or still better drawn combs. In my own practice I have never used
shallow starters, for fear of drone-comb. But if you want to save on
foundation, you will be pretty free from drone-comb by giving at first
no more than four or five frames, having shallow starters in these, and
then after the bees have filled these with comb fill up the hive with
full sheets of foundation or drawn combs. The answer to your first
question gives the answer as to super and excluder.

3. In the hundreds of combs that I have had built upon full sheets
of worker foundation, I don't think I have ever seen two inches square
changed into drone-cells. If from any cause small patches of drone-
comb are found, cut them out and fill up the holes with patches of
worker-comb.

4. Your success is good proof that the plan is all right. ■ The only
objection I think is the fear that the sections would be injured for
future use. The same sections, however, might be used year after
year.

Extracted Honey Production and Marketlns.

1. I guess you will think I am troubling you often, but I can-
not help it, can you ?

3. What would be best to put my extracted honey in, a barrel or a
galvanized-iron tank?

3. It I put it in a barrel or tank should I not have a faucet near
the bottom to draw the honey off?

4. Would a wooden faucet be as good as a metal one in a barrel?

5. If I have a metal tank made should I have a metal cover made
for it, or would a piece of cloth do in place of it to keep cut the dust,
etc.?

6. About SJa cents a pound is the most I can sell comb honey
for. Now, can I sell a one-quart Mason fruit-jar full of honey, jar
and all, for 40 cents, and make it pay? I can get the jars for 75 cents
a dozen.

7. Is a one-quart fruit-jar a good package for extracted honey ?

S. Must I put a rubber around the neck of the bottle, or would it
make the honey taste of the rubber?

il. What kind of a label ought to be put on the jar? Do you think
one like No. 17, in A. I. Root Co's catalog of honey-labels, is a good
one? I do. Oregon.

Answers. — 1. No, neither do I want to help it. So long as I have
on hand a stock of answers from which I can select, to fit such ques-
tions as are not already answered in the text-books, I'm glad to have
the (|uestions come. When I can't find any other appropriate answers
I still have a job lot of the " I don't know " brand. _ _

2. Hard to tell. Perhaps a paraffined barrel. But if the honey
doesn't stand in it a long time, there are advantages in the metal.

3. The faucet is a great convenience— almost a necessity.

4. You can have a poor one of either kind, but I suppose one of
the best metal faucets is better than the best wooden one.

5. Use a circular cover of cotton sheeting, having a hem about
the edge and a rubber cord through the hem.

6. With the conditions you name, you ought to make the extracted
pay a good deal better than the comb.

7. Yes, one of the best ; but in some markets it is too large. I
may as well add that sometimes it is too small.

8. The rubber will do no harm, and it's safer to use it.

9. Yes, what you mention is good. It's all a matter of taste; find
out what your customers like best.

Indication of Presence of Queen— Rape.

My colony of bees which is upstairs in the barn was unpacked
March 30, and to all appearances ttiey are very much alive, but I could
not find a single sealed cell. I did not give them anything to eat that
day as I should have done, and the next day when I examined them I
found nearly three-quarters of them dead. I suppose they must have
been just on the verge of starvation when I first opened them. I filled
a couple of combs with thick sugar syrup, and a day or two ago when
I looked at them there were several cells sealed. I think they contain
honey. As far as I could see there was no brood or eggs. They have
carried in a little pollen and some syrup I put out for them. I have
looked at them several times and even among so few bees I have in no
case been able to see a queen. Would the sealed cells of honey and
the pollen carried in indicate the lack, or the presence, of a queen, in
your estimation? and if there were a queen should there not be eggs
and brood by this time? Many soft maples and elms are in bloom al-
ready.

In answer to the question about rape, on page 234, I will say that-
there is a Farmer's Bulletin, free for the asking, on '• Rape as a Forage
Crop." There are two varieties of rape — the anaual, which is no good
for fodder and is grown simply for the seed from which a lubricating
oil is expressed; and the biennial, which is used chiefly for fodder and
does not bloom till the next year after planting. As the biennial vari-
ety does not live through the winter, and the" annual is not grown
here, I should judge that rape would not cut a very important figure
in the honey-pasturage of this section. I think if rape were sown
with alsike clover it would soon smother the clover out on account
of its more rapid growth. If I am not right I would gladly be cor-
rected. Minnesota.

Answer. — The fact that you could not find a queen with only a
handful of bees in the hive is not positive proof that no queen was
present; neither is this casting any reproach on you as a queen-finder;
many a time I have failed to find a i|ueen in a hive with a mere hand-
ful of bees, and I don't know why. The sealed cells of pollen and
honey indicate nothing one way or the other as to the presence of the
ciueen ; but the absence of brood and eggs when the bees are carrying
in pollen and honey is pretty strong proof that there is no queen
there. _

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

t April 30, 1903.

THE AMKRICAN BEE JOURNAL.

283

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

>^*T*V»^|l^^<

Wintered Well— Large Hives.

Bees have wintered well in OiUarin. I put
into the cellar over 31)0 colonies, u few I
bought only a few clays before putting in, and
lost ■_' by starvation — one c|iieenless, and evi-
dently drone-layers in the comb in the fall.
This was the total cellar loss. At least half
of the colonies are now occupying the brood-
chamber in full 12 Langstroth combs. The
last shadow of doubt has passed away about
large hives for me. R. F. Hoi.tekmann.
• Oatario, Canada, April l.>.

Loss from Starvation.

It appears now as if the honey crop in this
locality would be a failure. There have been
no swarms and little or no surplus stored, and
the bee-keepers may be thankful if their colo-
nies do not starve during the usual drouths in
May and June. It appears to me that the loss
from starvation of bees in this locality is
much greater than ours from freezing in the
North.

There is something curious about the blos-
soms; my strawberries blossomed white, but
did not set fruit. On examining the bloom I
ascertained that they had no pistils. Another
grower told me the same thing, and added
that his plums were the same — bloom desti-
tute of pistils, and set but little fruit.

Last season a prolonged drouth was fol-
lowed by almost constant rain, and this may
have injured the formation of buds; and this
may also have something to do with the loss
of honey in the wild bloom.

Mrs. L. Harrison.

Washington Co., Fla., April 26.

Grease to Prevent Propolis on
Fingers.

An item lately appeared in the American
Bee Journal stating that grease or butter
would loosen the prflpolis off the hands. Why
not put the grease on the hands first, and pre-
vent the propolis sticking to them, which it
does, as I know by many years experience; I
carry along a little tin box with grease, and
smear my finger occasionally, and have no
propolis to laboriously unstick.

Lasalle Co., 111. A. Mottaz.

Spring Dwindling.

It has been very bad bee-weather here in
the Ottawa Valley, so far this spring. The
snow went off early in March, but now we are
having hard frosts every night, and cold north
and east winds every day. It is snowing to-
day. Most of the bee-keepers around here
have had their bees out for some weeks past.
Stores are generally low, and spring dwind-
ling is going on at a rapid rate. There will
be a great loss of colonies if this weather con-
tinues much longer. Mine are safe in the
cellar yet. I took them out about two weeks
ago and let them have a good llight on a warm
afternoon, and they have beeu as quiet since
as in January. I have 10 colonies.

W. A. Han>-a.

Ontario, Canada, April 23.

North Texas Convention.

The 2S)th annual session of the North Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association was held in Green-
ville, April 1, in03. The meeting was called
to order by Vice-Pres. J. M. Hagood. Prayer
was offered by Rev. J. X. Hunter. But few
of the leading bee-men of the Association
were present. Pres. W. H. (iraliam has been
an invalid for two years.

The usual program of apiarian topics was
discussed, to-wit; " Queen-ltearing and In-
troducing;'" "Drones, Pure or Hybrid;''
"Apiarian Supplies;" "Diseases of Bees —
Foul Brood, etc. ;" " Strains of Bees — Hybrids.

THoiisanfls ot Hives - Millions of Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling- goods on NAME ONL,Y, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

flease mention Be^ .TonrBai -wbeTi ■WTiUn>

FOR THE BliST

IIIVI;:S, S.nOKRRS, EXTRACTORS, FOI'I^WAXIO'M

Higgiusville,

bee>kee:pkrs' supplies.

KALAMAZOO QUALITY

That's hicb qaality. It's foand In Kalamasoo
ISuiEKleB< <iet one on

30 Days' Free Trial

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KlLinAZim CIBBIAUE « HIBKKSS BFO. CO.
lOUxiaome 8L, Kalamaioo, lllch.

"Please mention Bee Journal "when wntinj>

9

3

TO START TOU IN BOSINESS

We will present you with the first *.'> you
:ake in to start you in a good paying \iusi-

less. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
ind directions how to bepin.

DRAPER PURLISHINO CO.. Chlm-o MI«.

400 Strawberru Plants, $1.

Assorted. IJr
and VVarlield
13A4t

vwine, Clvde, Crescent, c;andy
JNO. F. MICHAEL.

p. Winchester, Ind.

$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00

with membership fee of S2.00 added,
account of annual meeting^ of National
Educational Association. Tickets will
be on sale via the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive, g'ood return-
ing from July Sth to 12th inclusive,
without being deposited with Joint
Agent. Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment of 50c. for
execution. Superior train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging in price from
3Sc. to SI. 00 ; also a la carte service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago, for
time of departure of trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3— 17ASt

Headquarters'"" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

fkl44mAi*'« l?Ann/1n^!An I This foundation is made by a process that pro-

IPlllinn K VOnnnnilOIl » duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and

171l;|jllll;l (3 I VUUUtlUVU • purest. It has the brightest color aud sweetest

Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest ' u^e. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

other make.

W^orUiii;; Max into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Uees\rax
always m :inted at Iiig:lie»«t price.

Catalog gi . lug FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices andsamples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when wrttlna

284

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

' Math's Special the Best

A complele line of LEWIS' MATCHLESS SUP-
PLIES at iheir factory prices.

Regulation dovetail with Js Warp-Proof
Cover and Bottom. Costs more, but sold at
same price as regular.

ZW' See special inducements in our 1903
Catalog.

THE FRED W. MLTH CO.

HONEY AND BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Frontr& Walnut Sts., CINCINNATI.'OHIO.

PJease mentioa Bee ioamal -wtien 'wrltiE^

Marshlieid Mannfactnring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wiien ■wriTine.

We are tlie Largest Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Suplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send for catalog. ^^, ^,^ _.. _ ., _ , .__. ^#»

^ '- "*!i!^^j^gpi^T^?^i'' -'-v^- Minneapolis, Minn.

^ Ve liaye tlie Best Goofls, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliipins FacOities

please mention Bee Journal -wnen -^WTitaJO-e

ONLY ONE THOUSAND COPIES

of my new work on QUEEN -REARING printed. Order one at once and secure one of those 3-
dollar breeding queens. Book atone, $1.50; book and queen, $2.00. This new treatise brings queen-
rearing down to vear 1903. Contains hundreds of things vou never saw in print.

15A4t HENRY ALLEY. WeNHAM. MASS.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■WTitm?.,

A QUICK
CALL

Many times a life depends
on securing immediate aid
from a physician orsurgeon.
With a Stromberg- Carlson
telephone in the house you
can call the doctor in a few

seconds in case of accident or sudden illness. A rural
telephone line saves time and puts you in close touch
with your neighbors and the rest of the world. Gives
earliest market news, alarms the whole neighborhood
in case of fire and helps in hundreds of other ways.
The Stromberg-Carlson telephones are the easiest
to operate, most modern and most durable on the
market. Once tried they supercede all others. All parts
guaranteed five .vears. Send for our Farmers' book No. F 4
telling all about Rural telephones. It is an interesting story.
Sent free to anyone intere'jied.

Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Mf^. Co., Chicago, III.

j^2l

etc.; "Honey-Plants for North Texas," and
" Marketing Honey."

Texas leads all the States in bees and
honey. Two years ago the Legislature appro-
priated .*T50 for an experimental apiary at
College Station. The present Legislature
added ?1UOO more.

The following officers were elected tor the
ensuing year: W. R. Graham, president; .J.
M. Hagood, vice-president; W. H. White, '3d
vice-president; Rev. W. R. Lowrey, chaplain ;
and Rev. J. N. Hunter, secretary, of Wylie,
Tex.

The usual vote of thanks was offered to
W. R. Graham & Son for their hospitable
entertainment ; also a tender of sympathy to
our venerable president, because of his alflic-
tion.

The convention adjourned to meet at Blos-
som, Tex., the first Wednesday in April. 1904.
.1. N. HrSTEB, Sn:

Collin Co., Tex., April 10.

Please Mention the Bee Journal T!?en writing

Report for 1902— 'Missing Link."

Eighteen colonies averaged 100 sections
each. Our leader, a hybrid, put up 21tO nicely
finished sections; they did not appear as
strong as many others that did not reach one-
third as many sections.

Will those who have had colonies making
very large yields please report and say what
kind of management, if any. contributed to
the result? In this case nothing was done
excepting placing on supers and removing
them about dark. A stray young queen was
found in one of the supers, but was allowed
to escape. I regretted her loss later. I favor
absconding swarms, and always try to secure
them ; they seem more vigorous than others.
I have five such now that I secured last fall ;
one of them is a ii-banded Italian, and the
strongest in a lot of 35 colonies.

We favor the Danz. frames, and find single
bodies large enough. I tried double-deckers,
but they are failures here for comb honey.
Moving supers, bees and all, to assist weak
colonies did not benefit the one, but injured
the other.

I want to know about that " missing link."
Does it only occur in natural-swarming cells,
and not in any other methods* We do not
care whether it is a tube, cord, rope, or sau-
sage-link. I merely want to know if it occurs
in one case and never in the other.

Bees wintered well out-of-doors here. I got
a good start during the fine March weather,
but April, to this date, is cold and wet. The
wind is almost constantly in the northeast.

White clover has a strong start, but Yankee
weather puts a big discount on the prospects.

I had some hybrids, as well as pure Italian
bees, working on red clover, and if my mem-
ory serves me rightly I saw German bees
working on it in this locality 45 years ago.
Gut Hun'sberger.

Northampton Co., Pa., April 6.

Cold, Wet Weather— American Hive

I can not keep bees without the American
Bee Journal, for sometimes one item is worth
its price for a year.

I am starting the season with '20 colonies in
fair shape, but the weather has been cold,
and so much rain that they could not work or
build up as they should have done.

I use the American hives, and would have*
no other for this locality. The size of the
hive is 15 inches square, brood-frames l'2).^x-
11 '4 inches, one and two stories high as they
are needed. They beat any hive that I ever
tried for building up nucleus colonies. I hope
for a good year. F. McBbide.

Hardin Co., Ohio, April 17.

Advertisers..,

Management of Bees.

I noticed a number of inquiries about
spring management of bees. I will give some
of my experience dating back to ISrti.

I started in with '2 colonies of bees, with
the view of supplying my table with honey. I
made a study of bees, with very little loss,
and I soon had all I could care for. My busi-
ness called for 34 hours a day— half day and
half night. Along iu the 'SO's I found I was
over-taxing my strength, and I woidd have to

April 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

285

It^licin Queens,

Bees cincl Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred sjjecially for
honey - gathering' and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $1.00

One Tested Queen 1.35

One Select Tested Oneen. 1.50

One Breeder Queen 2.S0

Ose • Comb Nucleus (no
Queen 1.40

Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONQ,

16Atf :ii4 E. Logan St., CLARIXDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Jotimal when writma

Calttnfnia I I' Jon care to know of lt«
CaillOrnia t rrults, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy o£ Call-
omla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltural and Agricoltnral

taper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, • SiN Francisco. Cal.

The Emerson Binder.

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-

'"'' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO. ILL.

4> I O-^Q ^°''
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in

egg. Write for catalog to-d;

GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III

Please mention the Bee Journal.

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbing- ag'ents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH. MICH,

Please mention Bee Journal ■wnen anting.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select loug-tong-ued
[Moore's , and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 5% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2)i miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

c9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Ple?>5e mention Bee Joumai when vmUng

drop eithiM tin: bees or my other bnsiness. I
made tbti mistake of droppinK the bees,
althouffh 1 put them on shares and derived
some ini-'onu' from them, but it was not long
before I liad no bees.

At the timi' I dropped the bees 1 was getting
about three-' tons of honey a year. I started
with Langstnith hives, and being an admirer
of Mr. Doolitile's writings, I decided to try
the Gallup frame, and I was so well pleased
with it that I adopted it, and I never have
regretted the change. Perhaps it I had been
in a wanner climate it might be different.
When 1 liocame satisfied which frame I lilted
best, I made a part of the hives double-walled
for outdoor wintering, and a part single- walled
for cellar-wintering.

As soon as I got fairly started I commenced
experimenting on spring management. The
first warm days in March that bees could fly,
and warm enough to open the hives, which is
usually the first or second week of the month,
I took part of them out of the cellar. I thor-
oughly clean the hives out and crowd the
bees up so that they cover all of the combs,
and see that they have sufficient feed. I use
chaff division-boards, and keep them crowded
so that I almost always find brood on the out-
side of the outside combs, and make haste
slowly in spreading the combs when set out
the second time.

I forgot to say that as soon as the weather
turned cold again, after cleaning them out and
crowding, I put them back into the cellar
again, and I found by experimenting that it
was best in this locality to leave them in until
settled weather, avoiding dwindling.

I have taken up bees again in a small way,
for it is a pleasure for me to handle them. I
never could lay down any set rules to follow,
but had to watch each individual colony, and
try to supply their needs.

Perhaps I may some time give my experience
in outdoor wintering in a cold climate.

I have always found it a benefit to treat the
bees as I have stated. L. A. Pennoyer.

Blue Earth Co., Minn., April 2.

Please mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Taking Bees Out Early.

Last Thursday was the only day fit for the
bees to fly since they were "cellared"' last
fall, and as I was very anxious to know how
"the land lay " with them, I took l.=j to the
summer stands, returning them the next day,
with the exception of 6 colonies, for which I
managed to " rake up " enough material to
blanket them well. I shall watch the results
very carefully to determine whether the set-
ting out and returning them was a Ijenefit or
damage, and report later if I can determine
any difference. In general they were in
splendid condition, save a few that were in
bad shape when I put them into the cellar
last fall.

We have barely seen the sun since the day
following the taking out of the bees, such
heavy fogs nearly all the time, and perfect
torrents of rain, with lots of thunder and
lightning. We also had hail to the depth of
an inch on Tuesday, and some of it remaining
in piles after all the rain which followed. I
have heard of no serious damage on account
of the storm. F. W. Hall.

Sioux Co., Iowa, March 1.5.

Cellap- Wintering— Basswood.

My bees have tjeen out of the cellar about
two weeks. I always take them out the first
week in March, if we get a day warm enough,
as I can not keep them in any longer as they
get very restlcs.*. and I can not find any way
to stop it. For two years I have tried A. I.
Root's plan of leaving the windows and out-
side cellar-duoi- open nights. Last year they
wintered poorly, but this winter they have
come through tirst-rate, and they were not in
nearly as good condition when they were put
into the cellai- as they were the year before.
They were light in both bees and honey.

Yesterday uiy bees were getting plenty of
pollen— "2:^ da> - sooner than I ever saw them
get it before ; lu-day it is cooler, and snowing.
Everything secnis to indicate a good season ;
basswood tren.^ did not put fortli their blos-
soms last season, therefore we expect full
bloom this seR~"n.

Mortaliiy iiniing the bees was not as large

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens 5^'

1 6 12

Untested Sl.mt f 5.(.M $ ')M0

Tested 1,25 7.)K) 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus (ao queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of an^ Queea wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III.. Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were

E laced ill lO-frame hives and now they are in
necoadilion. From one I removed 24 pouads
of honey and bad to give (> of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec 31, 1'>01.

Your (|ueens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead, ishe had a rousiag colony whan put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money bv P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCKER,

l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writine

0/%VC W^ WANT WORKERS

H^^^V ■ ^^ Boys, Girls, oldandyounf;raUko,
H^B^kV H ^ ■ make money working for us.
■^ ^r M ^^ We fnrnlBh capital to itart yon in bnal-
aees. S«ad as 10c itampBOr allTer for full iDetnjctioDe and a Itoe of

wplea to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO..Cb]caso,IU.

I They started even-now look at them.

The Same Old Story

, modern machine always beats hand work

Tht Hardie Whitewashing Machine

rks so much faster, forces the
aid into every crack and destroys
ms and insects which the brush
lild pass over. The complete i
Chine, express prepaid for only $7.50.
Sold under an absolute guarantee.
Full particulars on application.

Tbe Hardie Spray Pump Mfg. Co.,
Dept. U Detroit, Micblgan,

Plea«^e meation Bee Joumai ■when "writiiig.

The Nickel Plate Road

is the short line to the East, and the
service equal to the best. You will
save time and money by traveling over
this line. It has three through daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars, and American Club
Meals, ranging in price from 3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also a la carte service. Try a
trip over the Nickel Plate Road, and
you will tind the service equal to any
between Chicago and the East.

Chicago depot : Harrison St. and
Fifth Ave. City Ticket Offices 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057. 1— 17ASt

INGHAM'S PATENT

"Smokers

B

T. F. BINQHAM. Ferwell, Mich.

286

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

g-Frame Nuclei For Sale

We are now booking^ orders for 3-
frame Nuclei of Italian Bees, with
queens, to be delivered between May 1
and May 15— first come first served.
They will be shipped by express from
Kankakee Co.. about SO miles south
of Chicago. They are on Langstroth
frames, and the number of Nuclei is
limited. Prices are. f. o. b. starting
point— One Nucleus, $3.00; 5 or more at
one time, S2.7S each.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

65 Best Queen o! Sixtu-tive 55

Mr/alley: Belle Plains, Mi.nn.

I have a queen received from you in 1%0. Her

bees are the best honey-sratheiers of an apiary

of 65 colonies in which are queens from ditterent

breeders— natural queens, as Dr. Gallup calls

them. The Adel queen is the best of the lot.

C.J. Oldenbekg.

Price List now ready. H. ALLEY.

]jA4t Wenham, iVlass.

f=ffq

q

p^

^Y R

rttt-

ttt^t

p

1

1

==d

pW*

wi

i

A Pretty Good Test!

Unroll a roll nt Paire Fence, and let eo. See the
spnnK in the wire mil It up auain.
"A(iK WOVKN WIKK KESCKCO., *D1!IAN, MICH
.-.ease mention Bee Jotunal when wntme

Bee = Supplies

G B.LEWIS CO'S GOODS and every-
thing necessary for handling bees. The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
4QA2bt INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

SHEEP MONEY '« "o"" «?!'f?

and easy to i
.ill Starr
.■apital.

„.,.^^^j and fumiah the capital. \\ ork
..ight and easy. Send 10 cents for fall
'line of Bomples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, IIU-

warned lo m

unlimited quantities of ABSOLU TELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., Ikdi^n.^polis, Ind.

ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A r\[\ Mounted Oueen-Cells and one
I I II I sample of the Stanley Cell-
*-^-'^J Protector or Introducing Cage

for 7ii cents, postpaid.

loAtf ARTHUR STANLEY, DIXON, ILL

* 'e-ts© tnention Be«^ J

as expected; it seemed to take very little
boaey to winter them.

We have only three kinds of flowers that
yield honey to any extent: Basswood takes
the lead, blue thistle next, and raspberry
third. We have a great many acres of buck-
wheat, and the bees seem to work on it quite
a good deal, but the hives will get lighter all
the time— very seldom that we can find
enough to get a taste. As to white clover,
the bees will starve to death in June with
fields white with clover, in this section.
Aljout thirty years ago I lost over 30 colonies
by starvation, with fields white. I don't
know that I have had a taste of white clover
honey in 40 years. You very seldom see a
honey-bee on" the blossom ; it you chance to
see one it will look to be about half the size
of a good healthy bee, with a little bit of brown
pollen on its legs. C. M. Lincoln.

Bennington Co., Vt., March '25. ,

Take a Trip

over the Nickel Plate Road and becon-
vinced of its superior train service.
Solid through daily express trains be-
tween Chicago, Ft. Wavne, Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and Boston. American Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35c. to $1.00,
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars;
also service a la carte. Rates always
the lowest. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago depot : Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave. City Ticket Offices 111 Adams
St. and Auditorium Annex. John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone Cen-
tral 2057. 2— 17A5t

Wintered Well.

Our bees have come through the winter in
very good condition, and prospects are good ;
but, of course, time will tell.

Sanfobd Haktman.

Lincoln Co., Nebr., April 3.

Sort 0' "Does Him Up Brown."

On page ISO, there is an article that at-
tracted my attention—" Bee-Keeping in North
Ontario." I consider it a gross insult to
many of our able apiarists, as Mr. Brown says
if bees are properly handled foul brood and
insects will not attack the colonies. How
absurd, when many of the best apiarists have
to fight just such things.

Mr. Brown says he has never met a man
that knows how to handle bees. How sad '.
How lonesome Mr. Brown must be in his
veritable land of milk and honey, as he terms
it. I wonder where Mr. Brown got his bees,
as he says no one else has anything like them.

Mr. Brown says: "As to the keeping
qualities of my honey it is always as good the
following .June as when gathered the previous
Seplemljier." I wonder how long Mr. Brown
has been in the bee-business, that he does not
know that the quality of honey improves with
age, if properly cared for. I surmise that Mr.
Brown has been in the bee-business just long
enough to think that all other bee-keepers are
only "pebbles on the beach," while he is a
towering mountain. C H. Harlan.

Kanabec Co., Minn., March 21.

Standard Italian Queens

OP THE HIGHEST QRADE,

Bred in Separate yards from superior stock of
Golden and Leather-colored Strains. Selected
from among the best stocli of Long Tongue
Clover and UoneyQueens in .\merica. Bred by
us with the greatest care for business. No dis-
ease among our bees. Our elevated country,
with its pure mountain air and pure sparkling
spring water furnishes the ideal place of health
for bees add man. See our circular for the rest.
Queens sent out last season by us arrived in
the very best shape, except a lew got chilled
late in the season in the North. Our Queens
have gone to California, Oretfon, Canada, Colo-
rado, Cuba, New Mexico, and many of the
States. We rear all queens sent out by us from
the i-gg or just-hatched larva; in full colonies.
Our method is up-to-date. If you want to know
what we have, and what we can do, in the way
of fine, large, prolific QUEENS, ond how
quick we can send them, just give us a trial

° Prices: Untested Queens, $1.00; 6 for $5.00; 12
for $'1.00.

Tested, $2.00; Select, $3.00; Best, $:!..00.

Full Colonies, with Tested Oueen, ih 00.

3frame Nuclei, wired Hoffman frames, no
Oueen, $2.0(i; 2-frame, no Queen, $1.50. (Add
price of Queen wanted to price of Nuclei. >

Special rates on Queens by the 100. Safe arri-
val and satisfaction guaranteed. Shipping sea-
son begins in April. Write for circular. It is
FREE. T. S. HA-XjIj,

13Atf Jasper, Pickens Co., Ga.

VXZANTED TO BUY

BEES

n Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, or Wisconsin.
WM. C DAVENPORT.
ISAlt Lock Box .So, Wilmette, III.

Comments on Several Subjects.

On page 1.54 California says; "In lifting
out a frame it tears great ugly patches in the
comb.'' If his combs are not crooked it may
be like it is here. Some of my frames have
thin top-bars; the ijees will sometimes build
comb solid from one to the other. If the
frames are spaced very closely I can hardly
get one out without breaking the comb. The
way I do is to lake a short knife and cut the
comb loose on both sides of a frame, then I
have no more trouble until the next time,
when I have it all to do again.

Here is a hand-shake for G. B. Williamson,
page 157, about forced swarms. If it is the
best way to have a good (|ueen by letting the
bees rear them at swarming-lime, how are we
going to get any good ones if we don't let
them swarm ? In fact, it would not work
well here to practice the shook-swarm plan,
as our best How is too short.

I think I very nearly have some of Dr.
Miller's non-swarming bees. I have one col-
ony that I hived in 1WI3 that have swarmed
only one year; and one hived in 1895, and one
in ISWi. that have not swarmed al all. They
are in box-hives, too.

I read with interest all that was said in the
Bee Journal last year about bees being able
to hear. I think Mr. Doolittle decided the
question in what he said about his bees kill-
ing a singing queen. If they can't hear how
did they know she was singing?

Several have asked Dr. Miller about keeping
queens a few days after receiving them
through the mail. The good Doctor always
says. Keep them in a warm jilace; but 1 suii-
pose he forgets to warn them about ants. If

fl iifE INVITE all readers of the Amer- S
47 II ICAN Bee JODRNAL who seek a col- 9
« lege for themselves or friends to inves- g

I MouniUnionGolleoe |

Ifi Our motto in all departments is "Max- 0

rt imum efBciency at minimum cost." g

tj Our scholastic training is equal to the g

V) best, our reputation first-class. All ex- g

^2 penses for a year, aside from the cloth- J^

*' ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co' J,

i' education, health conditious, moral and ?i

4' reliirious influence, superior. g

•' Send for catalog. {^

S MOUNT UNIOX COLLEGE, g

2* Alliance. Ohio. g

SWEET CLOVER

And Sevepal Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we c«n
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with

•"*"*"= Sib lOIb 25ft .-iOtt

Sweet Clover (yellow).... $.90 $1.70 $».00 $7.50

Alsike Clover LOO 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhiteClover L-SO 2 S3 ^SOUSO'

A.lfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.25 8 00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

April 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Z87

I only want lo keep one out an hour or so I
get a saucer and put some water in it, then
put a cup in the water and lay the cage on
top. Mr. Ant can walk around and look as
much as he wants to. They would make short
work of a c|ueen, bees, sugar and all, here If
they had a chance.

On page 'JOl, Arkansas wants to know If the
Carniolan bees will keep wax-moths out as
well as Italians. I have had only one year's
experience with them, but I think he will find
them as good, or better, as a good queen will
keep a strong colony all the time.

I have had some bee-paralysis among my
bees this spring; I never saw any of it before.
I have 4 colonies that have it badly ; thej' are
part Carniolan. I do not know whether this
race of bees is more subject to it or not. I
would be glad if some one can tell me. I am
trying the sulphur cure described by Mr.
Pierce, in Gleanings. I will report my success
later.

This is a rather poor country for bees at
best, but I fear it is going to be worse, as the
saw-mills are sawing up all the poplar timber
in this part of the State. I believe that bee-
keepers have a harder time trying to make an
honest living than any other class of people.
If there is only ■*!. 00 for the bee-keeper and
the other fellow the other one stands up and
says: I am going to have 99 cents anyhow,
and then we will run a foot-race for the other
cent.

In some places the man who grows pears is
after the bee-keeper about blight, when the
truth is, I don't believe the bees have any
more to do with it than they do with the
planet Mars. The man who cultivates grapes
says they eat the dollar out of his grapes.
The alfalfa man says he will miss a whole cent
if he waits a day or two to cut his hay. Xow,
here comes the saw-mill man in a hurry to
get a cent or two out of poplar trees. The
sad part of it is, the bee-keepers here think
that they can kill the goose that laid the
golden egg and eat her, and then have more
eggs laid; but they will find out, some time.

We had a late fall, and but very few cold
days all the winter. The bees began to carry
in pollen and rear young brood the first part
of February. We have had no really cold
weather since the middle of February. March,
up to this time CJOth), has been real warm. I
have saved all my bees so far except 6 queen-
less colonies.

I have had to feed only a little, but if it
turns cold now I will have to feed more. If
not, I think I will have swarms by April 10.
The most of my colonies are very strong with
bees now. The most, if not all of the box-
gum bee-keepers, have lost several colonies
so far.

Although I had known Messrs. Dadant.
Mason, Martin and Newman a short time even
in bee-literature, it made me sad to read about
their deaths. We have too few such men in
the world now. J. S. Patton.

Hale Co., Ala., April 2.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois. — The spring meeting of the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
-■issocialion will be held at the residence of
•James Taylor, in Harlem, Winnebago Co.,
III-., on Tuesday, May 19, 1003. All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.

B. Kennedy, sVc.

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing- plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all -svaste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reerular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with .-rLUO ; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
an 3' one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 i 146 E. Erie St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

QUEENS! F

HONEY AND BEESWAX

Golden and Leailier-Colored Italian, warranteJ
to ffive sati.sf.i,ii, in— those are the kind reared
by QII1R1N-THU-()UEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in 1,H.SS. Our Stock origi-
nated from the liest and highest-priced hmg-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
before July 1st; Large select, $1; six for $5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for I.*;; Selected Tested,
$2 each; Breeders, $4. Two-frame Nuclei (no
queen) $Z.SO each.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25toltX».

All queens are mailed promptlv, as we keep
300 to SUO on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-

Quirin - the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
ooly.l 16El3t

-'•^ase mention Bee Jonrnal when -wntane,

O-page Catalog Free.Jion '"ega"d:

40 Muyu \JUbUiuy i i uu. tion regard-
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds. Best in the
market. Latest improvements. Danzen-
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.
Please meutiori Bee Jotimai -when writULE

mmmum CCilOCI s^fofte
Mtuunnd rCllulli f**OE.

MManmnn

MmMMMT

STROMGEST
MADE. BuU

strong, Chicken-
Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
i...,.-^. Fnlly Warrantpd. CataloL' Free.

I OILED BPRISQ FENCE CO.
' Box s9 fVInehealer, Indiana, C. 8. A.

40Etf Please mention the Bee Journal

Business Queens,

Bred from best Italian honev-galhering stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be g-ood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6. f4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about J ulv 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
IS.Vtt Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
P?.ease meutiou Bee Journal -when -wrltin&

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catchiiis; and clipping Queens'
win;^>. It is used by manj' bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a preiniutn for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Jotirnal
ear at SI. 00; or for §1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clippinij Device. Address,

' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Split Hickory Buggies.— The opportunity to
buy the celebrated Split Hickory Buggies direct
from the factory is open to our readers. The
season is here fur using pleasure vehicles, and
the longer their purchase is postponed the less
opportunity one has for getting the full benefit
ot the season's eu iuymeot out of them.

The Split Hickory line of vehicles is sold
only direct to the user at the wholesale price,
not being on sale .it any store, nor is it handled
by any jobber or dealer.

The Ohio Carriatre Mfg. C--., Sta. li, of Cincin-
nati, Ohio, sole m.-ikers of Split Hickory vehi-
cles, is a highly reputable firm with a record of
years of honesty and success as makers and
sellers ot high-class vehicles at moderate prices.
Their offer to sell their jobs on 30 days* free
trial is bona fide auJ certainly very liberal. It
enables the intendiii^r purchaser to see and try
just what he inte-- :s to buy. A postal card or
letter addressed o them at Cincinnati will se-
cure their valual)ie new catalog, containing all
the latest things on four wheels, for people who
like stylish, long wearing and well-built bug-
gies and vehicles. £>end for it before you
lorget it.

MARKET QUOTATIONS.

last

Chicaqo, .\ prills.- Little change fron
quotation, sales are few and prices not firm.
No. 1 to fancy white, lS@li.c; other grades
range from 10@14c. Extracted, white, bimlc;
amber, S'/i(.mt,%c. Beeswa.v selling on arrival
at 32c. R. A.Burnett di Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
(^uiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mi.xed, 14@lSc: dark, 13@l4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Hc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wrioht.

Kansas City, April 20.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand good.
We quote you as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3.50; No. 1 white comb, 2+
sections, %2 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3,011(0.3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
b@bHc; amber, 5>^c. Beeswax, 25(a30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, March 11— The demand for exl
iracted honey is good at the following prices-
Amber, barrels, S%(S/f>%c. according to quality;
white clover. 8@9c. Fancy comb honey, 15}i@
16Mc. Beeswax strong at 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Nr-w York, April 8.— Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of late and prices are somewhat
declining. We quote fancy white at from
14(a>l5c; No. 1, white, 13c; amber, ll(§il2c. Ex-
tracted quiet and easv. with plenty of supply.
We quote white at 6>ifeTc; light amber, SWabc;
dark at 5c. ' Beeswax steady at 3iiffl 31.

HlLDRETH i SEOKLKBN.

Cincinnati, Apr. 18 -The comb honey market
is a little better, as the big stock is almost ex-
hausted; prices are better— fancy water-white
brings 15&li.c. The market for extracted has-
not changed whatever, and prices are as fol-
lows: Amber in barrels, S%®iiic\ in cans,
6@6}4c; while clover, 8@8)^c. Beeswax, 2.8@30c.
C. H. W. Webbs.

San Francisco, Mar. 11.- White comb honey.
12!^@13'.sc; amber, 9@llc; dark, T@THc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6K@T!4c: light amber, 5'4@6c:
amber, S(qiS\c: dark. Um^ic. Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Demand is fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early clean-up.

\A/ A MXP r^ WHITE CLOVER EX-

WMI^ I CL/ TRACTED HONEY 1
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in nodrip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Beo jotimal when -VTxitmg,

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other p-ablished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

PKEE FQR A MONTH ....

If you are interested in Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the beet
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

tVool markets and Slieep

has a hobby which la the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir8t,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO ILU

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

288

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

April 30, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
iQ the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If 3'ou buj- of us yoii
M ill not be dit^appointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copj' of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full Hue of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark aad Bing-ham Bee-Smokers, which
fot a little damp and soiled at the time of the
re in the building where we were about 2 years
ago. Thev are all almost as good as new.

We have' some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham— new at 65 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee-Keepers, Remember

that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of anv city in thc'U.S.
We sell

Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices * * * * *

Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty. Send for
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey
Beeswax wanted.

4
f

14A13

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Please i

1 the Bee Jc

al.

$300,000,000.00 A UAH

and you may have part of it If you work
for utf. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for sajnplesand partic
ularH. We furnish capital to etart you in

business. Draper Publishing Co.,Cblcago,llt.

peclal Notice to Bee- Keepers ! S
0 -r^ ^ « m ^ T^T g

if

BOSTON

Money in Bees i
Catalog Pr

g ROOT'S SUPPLIES

Catalog for the Asking.

P F. H. Ff\F?MER, 8

g 182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. g

Zj Up First Flight. 45

6A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

^iis^v^ia.se,jfimje,jemje,^!,je,je,ss^ii^^

f^x Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^y^'':^^i^^^^i%^''Lllt^S:' •

No LOSS. PATENT WBBO-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.

Why does it sell so well ? Pacuo°n u

has always given better satis-
faction than any other. Because In ig years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

\ Bee-Keepers' SupDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee — Rc:\/isc:cl,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

»r^ ■^~^*^^'^fr^'r^srw'^*'^'rr^*"rr^'rr^*^^*^^*^rrr»'*r^^^;rw>w^'WK

READY FOR
PROMPT DELIVERY.

Red Clover Untested Italian Queens Each, fl.OO Six, $ 5.70

Tested " " " 2.00 " 11.40

" Select " " " " 3.00 " 17.10

Italian Breeding Queens at $5.00, $7.50 and SIO.OO each

Best Imported Italian Queens $5.00

If you are in a hurry send us your order.

If you want orood queens send us your order.
We do not handle cheap queens.

If you want Nuclei or Full Colonies let us
quote you prices. State how many 3"ou can use.

Gleanings in Bee-Culture one year and an
Untested Italian Queen for only $1.00. We have
already mailed some premium queens and expect
to send them out within a week after orders are
received. Don't delay if you want a queen early
when she will do you the best service.

The A. I. Root Company,

MEDINA, OHIO.

W^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 'Chicago ill'?"'

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Anofeles, Aug. 18-20

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO. ELL. MAY 7. 1903.

No. 19.

Along the "Santa Fe Route" to Los Angeles.

upstream from " Bright Angel Point," in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona.

290

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPANY

144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Em

L M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SLUG a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f rto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

A-dvertislng Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

i Weekly Budget. *

Editor Root is stirring up the Ohio bee-
lieepers to form a State organization, having
for one of its objects the securing in Ohio of
a good foul b'rood law. Success to him in his
efforts.

W. Z. Hutchinson is not practicing migra-
tory bee-keeping, but migratory editing. His
duties as State Foul Brood Inspector keep
him at present wandering over the State of
Michigan, and he edits the Bee-Keepers' Re-
view as he goes, so as to give more " go " to
his editorials.

Mrs. Christian Theilmann, of Wabasha
Co., Minn., died April 13th, after a short
illness, at the age of nearly T7 years. Her
maiden name was Angola Schocke. She was
born in Westphalia, Germany, .June 11, 1S36,
and came to Minnesota in 1854. She was
married to Christian Theilmann, Nov. 13,
1856. She leaves a husband, two daughters,
and three sons, to mourn her departure. In
a private letter Mr. Theilmann says his wife
" was a true Christian, a loving mother, and
a helpmate in the real sense of the word."
She suffered with rheumatism more or less
for the past 30 years, and was confined to her
bed for over a year, when, at last, la grippe
and bronchitis caused her death.

Mr. Theilmann is one of the oldest and most
prominent bee-keepers in this country. He
has been very successful in the business. A

local newspaper item says that Mrs. Theil-
mann "was a faithful type of the pioneer
wife and mother. She came here with her
husband, both poor, but not afraid to labor
with head, and heart, and hand. They pros-
pered to a marked degree, and have been
eminently successful in every undertaking,
their labors being rewarded with all of this
world's goods they needed, and their home
blessed with a large family of children, each
of whom is doing his duty in life as a good
citizen." Surely, this is a good record, and
the bereaved family will have the sympathy
not only of the friends who knew them inti-
mately, but also of bee-keepers everywhere,
all of whom are interested in the welfare as
well as the sorrows and afflictions of those
engaged in the same calling.

Mr. Thomas Wm. Cowan made us a very
pleasant call on April 29, when on his way
through Chicago to England from his home
in California. He seemed to be in splendid
health, and looked forward with pleasure to
a year and a half of travel. He has a very
pleasant home at Pacific (irove, Calif., and
when leaving recently the people of the town
gave himself and Mrs. Cowan a farewell re-
ception which included practically everybody
that could go there. They evidently have en-
deared themselves to the people of that
locality by their many deeds of kindness and
genuine worth.

Mr. Cowan has practically retired from
active work and business, and is able to de-
vote iimself to pursuits which yield no finan-
cial returns. We trust that Mr. and Mrs.
Cowan will have a pleasant and safe journey,
and return to their California home much
benefited by their trip.

" Formalin Gas as a Cure for Foul Brood "
is the name of a small pamphlet giving the
result of persistent experiments made by C.
H. W. Weber with this new drug, trying to
accomplish what is very much desired in the
apiary— a cure for foul brood. As a result of
these experiments, Mr. Weber thinks he is
now permitted to say, without a doubt, that
the foul brood germ can be forever eradicated
by formalin gas. It has been substantiated
by leading bee-keepers in his community, and
bacteriologists and chemists who have re-
cently made some very severe tests, but who
all unite in saying that formalin gas does the
work. The booklet describes and illustrates
plainly just how to proceed (including the
treatment of the alHicted colony) in e.xtermi-
nating foul brood without destroying hives,
frames, or combs. Price, postpaid, 25 cents.
It can be had from the office of the American
Bee Journal.

Mr. J. T. Calvert, of the A. I. Root & Co.,
passing through Chicago on a recent trip to the
Northwest, spent an hour or so in our oflice.
He is looking well and reports a rushing busi-
ness, which latter, by the way, is what all the
bee-supply (manufacturers are having just
now. But the prospects are that there will
be a shortage in the supply of sections, as
basswood timber is becoming very scarce.
The probabilites are that, within a lew years,
it will be necessary for bee-keepers to use
four-piece sections, as there is practically no
other wood except basswood that makes a

satisfactory one-piece section. But as the
tendency seems to be toward the production
of extracted honey, perhaps later on there
will not be so great a demand for sections. If
such should be the ease, the basswood supply
will likeiy last a few years longer than seems
to be the prospect just now. Still, there are
many other uses for basswood, which will
help to wipe out the visible supply.

Dr. C. C. Miller, whom all bee-keepers
respect so highly, and many of whom know
so well, called on us when in Chicago last
week. With the exception of a cough, which
has bothered him for a few weeks,^he is in
excellent health, and is able to do considei'-
able work among the bees as well as much
writing. He is one of the few remaining old-
time bee-keepers, and rightly merits the title
ot "Father Miller." While there may be
many Dr. Millers in the world, there is but
one Dr. Miller known well to bee-keepers.
Not only those who have a personal acquaint-
ance with him, but all whc have read his
helpful writings on the subject of bees, hope
that he may live yet many years to bless the
world with his cheerful presence and excellent
apiarian advice.

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rHl>l»er holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needleof the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
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they are unequaled tor
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Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster'*
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for Jil.OO we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

^5°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & >4<> Erie St., Chicago, III.

43dYEAP.

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 7, 1903,

No. 19.

^ Editorial Comments. ^^ |

Valuable to Members of the National. — General Manager
France has been sending out to each member of the Association three
pamphlets. The first contains a copy of the Constitution, and a brief
history of the rise and progress of bee-keepers' associations in this
country. The second is entitled, " Bees and Horticulture; their Rela-
tions Mutual." In this, much valuable information is compiled re-
garding pollination, cross-pollination, self-sterile fruits, with testi-
mony from various quarters of the globe, spraying fruit-trees, etc.
The third gives decisions of the courts— something of intense interest
to any one at all likely to have trouble with his neighbors.

Every bee-keeper in the land, not now a member, would consult
his best interest by sending his dollar at once to be enrolled in the
National Bee-Keepers' Association. The dollar can be sent to the
office of the American Bee Journal, or to the General Manager, N. E.
France, of Platteville, Wis.

A Snarl About Co-operation.— Some one objected to a
national honey e.xchange, that in some cases a man would not want to
be bound to confine his dealings within the exchange when he could
do better outside. Referring to this in (ileanings in Bee-Culture, Dr.
Miller said that a member of an e.xchange might sell outside the ex-
change so long as he did not cut under the exchange price. In a foot-
note, Editor Root replied :

" An effective organization. National in character, should be so
complete and perfect in its workings that not a single buyer can get
any honey except through the accredited organization through which
bee-keepers are supposed to market."

The Progressive Bee-Keeper quotes this, and says : " The editor
of Gleanings most certainly knows better than that," and accuses
(ileanings of being opposed to co-operation. Now, will some one tell
us how the matter stands* Will the genial manager of the Colorado
Exchange tell us whether a member is allowed to sell outside the

Paper for Wintering. — It may be remembered that Arthur C.
Miller tried protecting hives in winter by tying tarred paper about
them. He has also used newsptkpers in the construction of hive-covers
made with thin boards, and now has gone a step farther, wintering a
colony with nothing over it but burlap and paper. He writes :

" As a test of the efficacy of paper for protection, I, last tall, in
lieu of a cover, put over a moderate colony a piece of burlap, six (I
think) thicknesses of newpaper and a layer of tarred paper, the latter
being tacked tightly down around the sides of the hive. The burlap
was to prevent the bees gnawing the paper and sticking it to the
frames. The colony came through splendidly, notwithstanding several
long, cold spells, and several times 14 to '20 degrees below zero. They
had an entrance 14x?s wide open all winter."

Temperature of Bee-Cellars.-S. T. Pettit says a wise
thing when he says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

" I never could pronounce definitely upon the proper temperature
of any given cellar without first consulting the bees in that cellar."

Cellars are not alike, hives are not alike, and thermometers espe-
cially are not alike. Find out at what temperature the bees enjuy the
greatest quiet in your cellar by ;/««)■ thermometer, and then try to
keep the temperature in that neighborhood.

What Kills a "Ball«-a Vuoen'?"- At present there is some
little discussioa regarding this. It seems impossible that it should be
suflocation, for no matter how tightly the bees are crowded together
the shape of a bee is such that plenty of passages for air will be left
between the different bees. If the queen should be suffocated, there
ought also to be a number of workers also suffocated at the same
time, and yet when a ball of bees finally melts away from a dead
queen, did you ever find a number of dead bees in the center of the
cluster*

A balled queen is sometimes stung to death, but that is when the
ball has been meddled with by the bee-keeper. If left to themselves,
balling bees do not sting a queen, and when the central bees are held
together in so tight a grip it does not seem possible that they could
sting if they tried. Besides, if it was the intention of the bees to sting
the queen, why should they not sting her the same as they sting a
worker, without going through the preliminary work of balling her?

It seems more reasonable to believe that the balled queen is
starved to death. A queen, especially when in full laying, needs a
great deal of food, and can not go long without it. The balling con-
tinues tor a number of hours, long enough for a queen to starve when
not in a cluster, and the violent exertion that she may be supposed to
make in trying to extricate herself would only hasten the starving.
Does not starvation fully account for the death of the queen ;

Formalin for Foul Brood.— There seems to bean interest
awakened in this matter calling for light. For some reason there has
obtained in this country a belief that no drug could be effectual in
curing foul brood, although in Em-ope cures thereby have been re-
ported for years. Now that formalin has come to the front, there
seems to come along with some skepticism as to its efficiency a dispo-
sition to give it more credit than it deserves. The blunt truth may as
well be told that formalin will not cure foul brood. The same means
must be used that have been used without formalin, if a cure is to be
effected. If formalin proves at all effectual- and there are certainly
pretty strong grounds for believing that it will — the only thing it will
accomplish will be to prevent the destruction of frames and combs.
That of itself is a great thing.

Special apparatus is used to vaporize the drug. A dish contain-
ing the formalin is heated over a lamp, and the fumes are confined
with the combs in them, much the same way as when sulphur fumes
are used. It is a mistake to suppose that a comb containing healthy
brood can be treated without the utter destruction of all the brood.

Experiments have shown that the fumes act with promptness and
efficiency in proportion as the germs to be destroyed are near the sur-
face— a thing naturally to be expected— and this gives room for some
fear that without very long treatment there might still be left living
spores at the bottom of sealed cells of honey. But let us hope for the
best.

Honey for Sick Domestic Animals. — An article in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture from the United States consul at Magdeburg, Ger-
many, gives some rather remarkable cures by the use of honey. A
cow with infiamed udders was cured in ten days by rubbing warm
honey into the skin. A sick turkey had bits of candied honey put in
its mouth, and afterward was fed pieces of brown bread dipped in
fluid honey ; rapid recovery followed. A sick hen with a swollen head
was also cured by the administration of honey.

Phacelia is having a boom in Europe as a forage-plant. Some,
however, speak disparingly of it as a forage-plant, while admitting its
great value as a honey-plant. Phacelia tanacetitolia is the plant in
question, and whether it is of value or not as a forage-plant, it is
worth while for a bee-keeper to have a bed of it for the sake of its
beautiful blue flowers. It is certainly a great favorite with the bees.

292

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestepn Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page Zil.)
FOUL BROOD— ITS CAUSE AND CURE.

A Member — Is comb foundation made from diseased
comb safe to use ?

Mr. France — Yes, sir. Three years ag'o I experimented
with 82 good colonies in 15 of the best apiaries I could find
in the State of Wisconsin, where they had never seen foul
brood. They took a good deal of coaxing to let me go into
their apiaries, but with the confidence that I had gained
with my brother and sister bee-keepers, one said, "Go
ahead." I told him if there was a sign of disease I would
pay him well for it. To this day they wish they had tried
more of it, because those colonies experimented on were
the best they had.

A Member — Would you recommend this for other people
also ?

Mr. France — I would in this way : That no one need
be afraid of getting disease through comb foundation. Any
process which will make comb foundation will kill the
germs of disease in wax. I recommend the use of the foun-
dation regardless of where it comes from.

A Member — Suppose you had diseased combs, would
you melt them up and use the wax for foundation ?

Mr. France — Most certainly, I would.

A Member — Would you not destroy the diseased combs ?

Mr. France — No. About a year ago, in a certain api-
ary where there were 108 good, strong colonies of bees, I
found disease in four of them, and he said he would do it.
I then went on, and came back a year afterwards, and
there were no live bees left, but there were 2500 combs in
the cellar, all diseased. "Now, Mr. France, this is pretty
hard ; I am going to put a match under the whole thing
and burn it up," he said. I told him not to get discouraged
with that, because that beeswax, if nothing else, is worth
•saving ; and I had him send for one of those German wax-
presses to test its merits, and rather than to burn it up I
ran 2000 combs through that wax-press the first day, and
the balance the next day, and shipped the wax to one of our
Wisconsin comb foundation men and he sent me a check for
— well, for the was, ar.d said, "I want more."

Mr. France^lf you have not got a good press you
would better get a good wax-press.

A Member— What is a good one ?

Mr. France — The German wax-press. That is the only
one that I know of that is worth recommending at the pres-
ent time, because you can do so much in such a short time
with it. I have something at home that does about as well,
that is, a large boiler that I had made. It holds about three
barrels ; put it down on a large stove and I can do about as
well with it as a German press, but I can not take it with
me, and this other I take free of charge, checking it as my
baggage, and have melted combs here and there, and I can
do it up in such a short time.

A Member — How many pounds of wax do you get out of
100 brood-frames ?

Mr. France — It depends altogether on the age of those
combs. One beauty of this wax-press is that you can get
more wax in proportion than you can with any other. I
think, on an average through our State, that we get about
three or four pounds of wax to a set of 8 or 10 combs.

Dr. Miller— Mr. France, you are in a position to learn
about that. I wish you would give close attention to that
matter, and perhaps give us the exact figures as to the
amount. I formerly had the impression that there was wax
put there in the first place, and never any addition to that
wax, but I find that across the ocean, by a careful examina-
tion, they tell us that there is a layer of cocoon then a fresh
layer of wax, then more cocoon, then more wax. I have

lived a good many years thinking that there was never any
wax added. I wish you would give us the exact figures.
Take some very old comb and find out the percent of wax
you get from that when you have squeezed it all out ; then
take some newer comb, not quite so old, and give us the
proportion of that.

Mr. France — I have planned to try that about the first
of April. I have about 500 old black combs that I am hold-
ing for that purpose. There are some improvements to be
made on the German press.

Mr. Moore — Will you tell us what is necessary to make
the hives themselves safe to use again ?

Mr. France — In about nine-tenths of the cases nothing ;
in the other tenth, if there has been any honey dropped
from the diseased combs in there, or there are combs on the
side of the hive, scrape them off clean. I have boiled only
three lots of hives in the State of Wisconsin in the last six
years. The disease would not get into the honey until it
has gotten into the diseased cells.

A Member — Is it not in the bee-bread ?
Mr. France — Not unless the bee-bread has been put in
the cell. I do not believe the bees carry disease with them
from a hive back to the flowers. When they go back from
the flowers they have a new lot ; that is the reason why
we want to try this during the honey-flow.

A Member — If the honey from that comb which con-
tains foul brood was put under a microscope would it indi-
cate foul brood so that yon could observe it ?

Mr. France — I think it would, although the chances are
it may have become dried down so that at this stage of the
season it would be so hard it would take some little time,
heat and moisture to show it as plainly as in June. If you
have a good glass you will see that those little germs of
foul brood are rod-like in shape. They are longer in pro-
portion to their thickness, and seem to have power similar
to that of a fishworm. They become large, break off and
spread out. You need a very powerful glass to detect the
germs of foul brood. I have to use our State glass in the
Normal School.

A Member — I would like to ask if the outside of the
combs of the hive that is diseased that contain nothing but
honey, never having brood in, would take the disease.

Mr. France — I think not, but you would take great
chances.

A Member — Is there any danger of using the tools that
have been used in the handling of these bees ?

Mr. France — If they have in any way become soiled or
stained by the honey from the diseased hive, yes.

A Member — Can you cure a diseased hive of bees in the
fall ?

Mr. France — If we have plenty of sealed honey in the
healthy combs.

A Member — Would you starve the bees ?
Mr. France — I do not think that it would be necessary
at this time of the year.

A Member — What harm would there be if you made
public the names of the places and owners of diseased api-
aries? Have not the bee-keepers the right to know who
has it, and where it is ?

Mr. France — I think you ought to know if your bees
have it. Suppose some one whose bees have foul brood is a
breeder of bees, and I should say in my annual report A, B
and C have foul brood, would you buy bees of them ? Prac-
tically I would have " cut their throat."

A Member — Would it be right for a breeder to sell such
bees ?

Mr. France — No, sir ; and if you had legislation in the
State you would stop him from doing such business.

A Member — How would you stop him if nobody knows it?
Mr. France — By inspectors going through the yards
and finding it out. Some bee-keepers have asked me to go
to them and give them a certificate for or against. But if
you get a queen from any one abroad and you are not cer-
tain, if you will take the queen out of the cage she comes
in and put her in a clean, healthy cage, I do not think there
is one chance in a thousand in getting a disease. I do not
think the queen herself is ever diseased enough to transmit
it to a colony. It is in the food in the cage. One of our
city girls, who was at the Normal School, thought that she
would make a present of a box of comb honey to her
mother. She sent the little box by mail ; it came from the
west in the mail-bag until it arrived at Madison. There it
was transferred to the Northwestern train which came
to my city, and right in Madison, in the making up of the
mails, I received some queen-bees from a distance that I had
paid a good price for. My queen-cages were thrown in the
same mail-bag with this box of honey, and the surface of

May 7, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

293

them was covered with honey. The postmaster said to me,
" I want to show you something-. Here are a wliolc lot of
pictures and letters in the mail all botched up witli honey,
lam going to hold you for damages." I never before got
queen-cages with the surface of the cages covered with
honey. I went up and took the queens out and put them
into clean cages, and put the other cages into the stove. I
went down next day and paid the bill, and the postmaster
said, "What do you think I found stuck in the bottom of
that mail-bag ? A box of honey 1" Being a trapper's son, I
got onto the back-track right away. I went to where the
letter was addressed, and asked, "Did you get a box of
honey?" She replied, " I got a letter from Annie, saying
that she had sent me a box." " Where is Annie ?" "Over
in Minnesota." " What town is she in ?" I finally got her
address, and found from whom she bought the honey, and
his bees had foul brood, so I took no chance on introducing
the queens. There was a chance of ray healthy queen-bees
becoming diseased through that honey put in the mail-bag.

Dr. Miller — It is suggested here that it is barely pos-
sible that some one might misunderstand you. You have
emphasized verystrougly the danger of using an old cage,
but you have said nothing about the bees. Would you be
careful to transfer the bees with the queen ?

Mr. France — It has been practiced, but those bees have
fulfilled their mission for which they were sent, being good
escorts of the queen. They have safely delivered their
queen, and there is a great deal of danger lying in the
honey-sacs of those bees, and they might as well be put
into the stove with the old cage.

A Member — Is it necessary to burn anything to cure
foul brood ?

Mr. France — No, but it is often desirable economy.

A Member — Is there any danger of buying or using
combs from strangers ?

Mr. France — There have been many cases in Wisconsin
where that was the means of contracting disease.

A Member — Is there any danger of buying second-hand
honey-cans, barrels, or other packages, that have once had
honey in them ?

Mr. France — Yes ; and I want to say that second-hand
goods of any kind are poor things to store honey in.

A Member — Supposing the honey-comb is filled with
honey, and it has had disease in it, will those disease-germs
propagate themselves in the honey 7

Mr. France — No, not until that honey has been trans-
ferred in the comb.

A Member — Will pickled brood or black brood produce
foul brood ?

Mr. France — I have never known it to do so. They are
distinct and separate germs. Small-pox will not produce
diphtheria or scarlet fever.

Mr. Moore — What causes foul brood in the beginning ?

Mr. France — I know of a case where we have no posi-
tive proof of its being contagious. As to the real cause of
what produced it I am unable to say, because in almost
every case under my own observation I could trace it back
to something else. I know this much, foul brood was
brought here from Europe, and here from one State to
another until it is a wonder to me now there is any place
that is not occupied with the disease.

A Member — Is there any authentication of foul brood
coming from anything but foul brood ?

Mr. France — Not that I know of ; and yet I say there
must be a cause ?

Dr. Miller — I think it is an old theory. I certainly have
been one who has held to it very strenuously that without
the microbe there could be no foul brood. Have you at any
time understood that without the microbe there will be no
foul brood ?

Mr. France — No, sir.

Dr. Miller — I have held that until the last week or so. I
was veijy much surprised to find in one of the Belgian jour-
nals that a very careful examination was made by Dr. Lam-
botte, who is, as I understand it, a very able bacteriologist.
He went to work and examined it, and I confess to you it is
very hard for me to believe there is any truth in it, and yet
I believe the investigations were thoroughly made. He
found that the Bacillus alvei was nothing more nor less
than another microbe. The first thing he noticed was its
great similarity to another rather commonly known microbe,
and then he made very careful tests and decided it was ex-
actly the same thing ; that under certain circumstances this
microbe, the bacillus vulgaris mesentericus, would have
such changes made in it as to produce foul brood ; and that
it was the same bacillus under a little difi'erent condition.

My own impression is that this is correct, although I don't
like to believe that foul brood is in a healthy colony.

A Member — Is foul brood animal or vegetable life ?

Mr. France — As far as we can decide that, we would
call it vegetable in its nature, yet it has a power of motion
similar to that of a worm, and in that way would much re-
semble life; but at the same time it is generally understood
by scientists to be of vegetable matter.

Mr. France — I want you all to examine these samples of
foul brood, and I want to get daylight for your inspection.
Please handle these combs carefully, because you may
gather the germs of disease ; and when you look at them
take the comb down to look into the bottom of the cell.
That is the one thing I am trying to emphasize, and what
we are looking for. Take it at an angle until the light
strikes it just a little over the front end, when you will see
that little black scale turned up in that way.

A Member — That will be to the front of the cell,
won't it ?

Mr. France — Yes, nearly to the front side.
(To be coatinued.)

Contributed Articles. ^

Osmosis and Atavism — " Umbilical Cord."

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

I AM glad to respond to the Editor's suggestion called out
by the inquiry of Geo. W. Adams, of Essex County,
Mass., in his reference to the umbilical cord in bees. It
is often strange how people are led into what seems very
strange theories. Some years ago you will remember we had
a great deal about the bees putting formic acid in the honey
from their sting, which nonsense long ago passed into ob-
livion. Only a few years ago some one of apparently no
mean ability thought to question the well-proved theory of
Dzierzon. Now we have this theory of an umbilical cord.
If I might use the expression, I should like to refer to these
three as the trinity of errors. The last one seems to me
strikingly without foundation. I have studied bees of all
kinds in all stages, time and again, and I never saw any-
thing that could be likened to an umbilical cord, and if I
had, I should certainly have regarded that as a misnomer,
for surely the developing bee has no use for any such organ.
It lies immediately in its nutritious pabulum and has no
need of any connection with any outside source of nutri-
ment. Your correspondent has asked if osmosis does not
fully explain the method of food-taking of the larval bees,
and he might add either of worker, drone or queen. I think
it is without doubt true that the bee-larva does take its food
largely by this process of osmosis.

THE I,AW OF OSMOSIS.

The word " osmosis " may be defined to mean the pas-
sage of a liquid or gas through an organic membrane, which
membrane is made up of cells. It is one of the most impor-
tant phenomena which take place in any plant or animal.
The word "digestion" is often defined as liquefying the
food. I would define it as rendering the food osmotic. That
is, making it capable of passing through the inner part of
cellular wall of the stomach into the blood. Some food that
is already liquid, like serum or blood albumin, is yet non-
osmotic. It can not pass from the stomach through to
the blood until it is first digested. The same is true of the
egg-albumin or white of an egg, and the caseine or proteid
of milk. This is the substance that makes cheese. It is
liquid in the milk but is yet non-osmotic and must be
digested before it can pass to the blood.

Osmosis, then, is found everywhere in the body. As
the nutritious material passes from the blood to the tissues,
or again to the glands, it is done through osmosis. As the
waste of the body leaves the tissues, or is passed off by kid-
neys, skin, lungs or liver, it is done through this same
principle of osmosis. All work of the body is attended with
this osmosis, and without it life would not continue for an
instant. The air passes from the lung-cells to the blood
through osmosis, and the carbon-dioxide passes oflf in the
same way. We even take in oxygen through our skin by

294

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

the same principle, and the fish and the tadpole get their air
from water in the same way.

It is easy to illustrate osmosis by a very simple experi-
ment. If we take an egg and break off a little of the shell
without in the least rupturing the membrane just beneath
the shell, and then place this portion of the egg in water,
the water will at once begin to enter the egg through this
membrane, and the elements of the egg will soon begin to
pass out. That is, the cells pass these substances through
thfem in both directions.

A better way to illustrate osmosis, or one that is more
graphic, is to take a piece of stomach or bladder, and tie it
over the large end of a funnel. We then fill the funnel with
a saturated solution of salt, and place it in water colored
with a little carmine or analine dye. At once the salt solu-
tion will pass through the membrane to the water, and the
colored water will begin to pass into the funnel. The
osmosis is much more rapid from water to salt than from
salt to water. Indeed it is found that the rapidity of osmo-
sis varies very much with different liquids, the kinds of
membrane used, with the extent of the membrane and with
temperature, heat and pressure.

In the body, then, we have everything favorable for
very rapid osmosis. The membranes were developed for
the absorption of the liquids which bathe them, and so are
fitted for rapid work. The extent of membrane is very
great. The temperature of the body is most favorable, and
the pressure throughout the body stimulates the process. It
is found in the experiments with the funnel that as the
liquids become more uniform osmosis is less rapid. In the
body the liquids are so rapidily carried away by circulation
that uniformity is never approximated, and so the omosis is
always great. The tapeworm, and many animals of like
nature that are in the stomach or intestines of other animals,
and so constantly bathed with osmotic material, are often
without any stomach or alimentary canal at all. They do
not have to digest their food and so need no digestive organ.
All such simply absorb their nutriment from the rich
digested material in which they lie. Many of our worst
parasitic enemies like the porkworm or Trachina spiralis
take all their food by osmosis. The latter lives in countless
numbers in the muscles of man, hog, rat or mouse, and
through osmosis absorbs the liquid portion of the muscle
and thus snatches from their victims vitality, and very likely
life. Nearly all parasites in the softer tissues take their
food in this way.

We are not surprised, then, that the larvse of bees,
wasps and ants, often take their food in the same way.
Their food is wholly digested for them by the nurses, and
thus has only to be absorbed, and this will take place
through the skin as readily as though any other membrane.
As the larval bees do not need to digest their food, it having
been done for them by the nurse-bees, they have no need to
take it into their alimentary canal, but can the better re-
ceive it into their blood directly through the skin. As sug-
gested, then, by your correspondent, these larval bees need
no umbilical cord, or, for that matter, any alimentary canal,
for they have enough in their skin to take all the needed
nourishment for their devolopment.

The law of atavism refers to the inheritance of charac-
teristics not from the immediate parents but from more dis-
tant ancestors, perhaps very distant. Thus if a child re-
sembles its great, great, great, great, great grandparent
more than any other immediate ancestors, we say such a child
illustrates atavism.

No doubt Cheshire was right in the quotation, referred
to by your correspondent. We know that bees were late in
developing. It was long after vegetables were created be-
fore we had flowering plants. Insects appeared as early
as the carboniferous period, and even earlier. But there
were no flowers until the cretaceous period of the later
mesozoic times. There could have been then no nectar-
loving insects until after the cretaceous period, and so our
bees, wasps and nectar-sipping flies, were of necessity of
late development. They are not only of late development
but of a higher development than most insects. We know
that the larva- of bees are practically footless, and func-
tionally entirely so. Any foot-like appendages, then, would
simply be vestigeal remains of true feet which were not
only present but functionally useful in their distant rela-
tives.

I should then have no hesitation in giving atavism as
the law through which such vestigeal organs are to be ac-
counted for. All animals show such evidence. A very re-
markable one is in the gill slits of the pharnyx of our own

very early embryonic development. These gill slits are
what are functionally useful in fish, but in us are very tem-
porary organs, illustrative of what were useful organs in a
very distant ancestor. There are a great many evidences
in our own physical make-up that illustrates this same
principle. I think it was Agassiz who once formulated the
law that all higher animals pass through stages in their
development which are permanent in lower forms. This is
only another way of stating that extreme atavism is often
illustrated in all groups of organisms, both plant and animal,
Los Angeles Co., Calif.

An Experiment with Forced Swarming.

BY CHAS. W. CILLEY.

I SAW in the last Journal some questions in regard to
forced swarms, and as I have had some experience in
that kind of management of bees, perhaps I can write
something that will help some one'.

Now, I have used this plan of forced swarms for the
past 4 years in my own apiary, and have not had a natural
swarm during that time. I have also done lots of that kind
of work for other people the past year, and it has been very
satisfactory to all of them, so I think it is pretty good proof
that the plan of forced swarming is all right.

I also tested the plan by putting a forced swarm by the
side of a natural swarm that came out the same day the
forced swarm was made, to see if there would be a difference
in them in the fall, but I don't believe the best bee-keeper
in the world could have told the natural from the forced
swarm Oct. 1. It is a great saving of time and trouble
where one has to be away from home a good deal, or has an
out-apiary to look after. There are a number of ways to
make forced swarms, but I will give the way that suits me
best, and anyone can use it with safety :

I usually make the forced swarms about the last week
in May, or the first week in June, but you cannot always go
by the time of the year to divide them, but when they are
strong enough in bees, or when they are about to swarm
naturally, take a hive that has starters an inch or more wide
in all the frames, with no supers on, and place it near the
hive from which you want the forced swarm to be taken,
then remove the old hive and set it back a few feet out of
the way, and place the new hive on the old stand. It should
be done in middle of the day, when the old bees are working
in the field, then they will return to the new hive on the old
stand, and you will not have to shake or brush them from
the combs.

Then go to the old hive and blow in a few puffs of
smoke at the bottom, raise the cover after a few minutes
and blow a little smoke under, to drive the bees out of the
way ; then lift out the frames carefully, until you find the
frame the queen is on, carry this frame, bees and all, to the
new hive, lift the cover, and put the frame in the center of
the hive ; put on the cover, and you have the forced swarm
with most of the old bees and the old queen, the same as a
natural swarm, and also one frame of comb and brood, and
most likely some empty cells for the queen, so she can keep
right on laying.

Now quite a lot of old bees are still in the old hive, and
will return to the new hive on the old stand, the first time
they fly, or most of them will, so you will see the forced
swarm will be about the same as a natural one.

Now you can place the hive anywhere you please, and
the colony will probably not swarm that year, because so
few of the old bees will be left that they will not get strong
enough until the swarming season is over.

The advantage of this plan of forced swarms is in hav-
ing only two good swarms, whera you would get two or
three, or perhaps more, if you let them swarm naturally.

Now I think I hear some one say: "What will the colony
in the old hive do, as they have no queen ?"' If you do not
divide them until they have some cells started they will
soon have a queen from one of them ; but if you divide
them before they have cells started (queen-cells, I mean)
then they will rear a queen from some of the small brood,
or perhaps from eggs.

Now some will say : "I don't like queens reared that
way." But I have seen as good queens reared that way as
any I ever had. I have one now that will be four years old
next spring, if she lives, and did fine work the past season.
But queens can be reared so as to have them ready when
you wish to make your forced swarms, and you can intro-
duce one of them in the old hive, if that suits better.

I have never had a forced swarm leave or desert their
hive. Merrimack Co., N. H.

May 7, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

295

No. 2.— Queen-Rearing— Virtue Not in Cell-
Cups ; Only Convenience, Etc.

BY G. M. DOOLITTLK.

A CORRESPONDENT writes : " Do you claim that there
is any virtue in the cell-cups you use in rearing queens,
more than what there is in the cell-cups built by the
bees during natural swarming or at other times when they
rear queens? A neighbor tells me that all your claims are
based upon the cell-cups you make. Please tell us some-
thing of this matter in the American Bee Journal. "

Replying to this I would say, that some have been try-
ing to make it appear that " Scientific Oueen-Rearing '" was
written in the interest of " cell-cups," evidently desiring to
divert attention from the plan as given in that book, by
which thousands of bee-keepers are rearing queens of the
highest order today, to where they were rearing poor or in-
ferior queens before they came in possession of the knowl-
edge given in the book spoken of above. If the disire was
not to divert attention, no such claim could possibly be
made, for there is no claim put forth for virtue being in the
cell-cups, in "Scientific Queen-Rearing," other than that
such cups are a convenience and a help by way of rearing
queens, and in handling of the ripened product — queen-cells.
Away back in the early seventies, Elisha Gallup told
the readers of the American Bee Journal that bees would
store as much honey in a nail-keg or barrel, as they would
in the best patent hive ever invented, or in the nicest honey-
boxes ever put before the public. And no one ever at-
tempted to contradict that statement. Surely, that nail-
keg honey was just as sweet as any ; none had a better
flavor or gave off a nicer perfume, nor is that in section-
boxes generally so well ripened or of so good a quality.
■ What use have we then for honey-boxes, or the nice sections
of the present, if no more or better honey can be obtained
by their use? Why go to the expense of 20 sections and a
shipping-case when one of the 20 boxes of our fathers would
give as much and as good honey ? I think I see a smile on
many faces as they give answers by saying, " These boxes
are convenient, and we use them for this very conven-
ience ; " " they enable us to put our honey on the market in
an attractive and inviting shape;" "in this way we can
accommodate the wants of theconsuming public," etc. Just
so. We use sections for the sole reason that they are a con-
venience for us in putting our honey on the market in the
most attractive and marketable shape. They do not add to
our crop one iota above what we could secure with the old
boxes and barrels of the age of our forefathers.

And just so with the cell-cups. They are not for the
purpose of giving us more or better queens, but for our con-
venience, in that they allow us to rear queens so that every
maturing cell can be used in any spot and place, just as we
may desire ; caging the cells in cell-protectors, pushing
them into the combs, put them into our inside shirt pockets
to keep warm and carry to the out-apiary or elsewhere ;
never have two or more built together, etc.; in short, so that
we can handle them as we would so many eggs which we
were preparing for shipping to some distant customer, or
to put under our old " hawk-colored " hen when she wanted
to sit. In this way they are as much ahead of ordinary cells
as section-boxes are of barrels and nail-kegs. And this
convenient part pays well for the making of the cups, over
any of the other plans given to the public. If it were the
number of cells we could get built we could go back
to the era of cutting holes in the comb, under just-hatched
larva;, for by this plan I once obtained 1S7 perfected queen -
cells from one comb given to a queenless colony.

No, it is not the virtue in the cell-cups that gives those
extra-nice queens every time, when using the plan given in
" Scientific Queen-Rearing," but in the preparation of the
colony so that they wish to build queen-cells when the old
queen is present with them, the same as in natural swarm-
ing ; so that they are in that normal condition under which
all good queens have been reared all down through the
thousands of the years which have passed since God created
the honey-bee, told it to go forth and replenish the earth,
and pronounced the bee, with all else He had made, as
" good."

Cells built from strips of comb by the Alley plan, give
just as good queens, where the colony building them is in
the above normal condition, but the completed cells are so
fragile that the greatest of care must be used in handling.
If any do not wish to use a twostory hive as recommended
in the book, all that is necessary to bring about the same
results is to slip a queen-excluding division-board into a

populous colony, treated the same way as is recommended
for the two-stDry hive, tliis division-board shutting the
queen away from three or four combs of brood, when queen-
cells will be reared equally good as are those reared in an
upper story.

Hundreds and thousands of bee-keepers have proven
that the bees behind or over a queen-excluding division-
board are brought under just the right conditions to rear
perfect queens, as letters all over the world tell me in lan-
guage similar to that of a correspondent, whose letter came
by the last mail, where he says :

" The best queens that %ve ever had were reared in that
way. The crops harvested since I used the plan as given in
' Scientific Queen-Rearing ' is the evidence in the matter.
It would be a waste of time for any one to tell me that my
crops of honey were no better than before I used this plan,
fori know better. I wish to say to you that the plan you so
freely gave to the world is the very best that has yet been
devised, so far as my knowledge goes, and I have read
everything I can find on the subject."

I am aware that the claim is now being put forth that
the presence of old bees is a detriment where queen-cells are
being built, but this can be no more than a fallacious idea,
as the bringing of our bees down to us through the thous-
ands of the years of the past, in the perfect condition in
which they came, abundantly proves, for till within the past
half-century, 999 queens out of every 1000 were reared where
the colony was in a normal condition, and no colony can be
in a normal condition where no old bees are present. Old
bees area sine qua non (without which nothing) to successful
queen-rearing, unless that sine qua non is supplied by the
bee-keeper in the shape of heat, food, etc.; and the old or
field-bees are the cheapest of anything which can be used
to supply these things.

Heat and food have as much to do with successful queen-
rearing as have bees of the right age, and their being
brought under the right conditions, and he or she who
ignores any one of these things cannot meet with the best
success, or produce perfect queens. The taking of one of
the elements of success, and so magnifying it that it hides
all of the others— or even one of the essential things — is
something which is often done for the time being, only to
find out after a lapse of years that the thing pursued was
not, after all, the thing over which to shout. Eureka !

Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Our Bee-Heeping Sisters \

Conducted bu EMMfl M. WILSON, Marengo, 111.
Important Spring- Work in the Apiary.

One of the very important things to see to just now is
that your bees 'h?iwe plettty of stores. Stores disappear rap-
idly if nothing is coming in. It sometimes happens that
bees may be in danger of starving with plenty of bloom, as
a cold or wet spell of weather may prevent their gathering
anything for several days at a time, and again it does not
always yield nectar even when the weather seems to be all
right. Our bees would have starved more than once in
June had we not fed them, and with abundance of white
clover in bloom, too. Brood-rearing must be kept up if we
are to have strong colonies ready for the harvest, and that
uses up large supplies of honey, so if brood-rearing is to go
on without interruption the bees must have a goodly supply
of honey in sight. One might think that if they have
enough on hand for one day's supply that would be suffi-
cient ; but they seem to have the wisdom to look ahead and
plan for the future. Keep their larder well supplied. It
pays.

Another item to be looked after sharply is the queens.
See to it that all your colonies have good queens. A colony
with a drone-laying queen, or a queenless colony, may just
as well be broken up at once, unless you have a good queen
to give them, for they will surely dwindle away if left to
themselves, as they are in a hopeless condition, and the
bees, if used to strengthen up some other colony, may be
of use.

Don't fuss too much with your bees. A pretty good
plan, after you have assured yourself that they have

296

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

a good queen and plenty to eat, is to tuck them up as
warmly as you can and let them alone until the weather
gets down to business. Yes, I know it is a big temptation
to the beginner to want to see how they are progressing.
You want to look them over about every day — better not.
You would not enjoy being pulled out of bed in the cold,
now would you ?

A Bee-Keeping Sister in Texas.

My bees are in better shape than they ever were at this
time of year ; they are storing honey and rearing brood,
and preparing to swarm. We are hoping and looking for a
great honey crop in dear, old Texas this year, and I trust it
will come up to our expectations. We have had so many
failures.

I have received Dr. Miller's book, and must say that I
am delighted with it, and think every bee keeper should
have a copy. I wish to tell Dr. Miller how much I think of
his book ; it is a little gem, full of good things. If he has
any more that he is going to put on the market I want them.
I can read his book and feel as if face to face with the
writer. Bless him, what a struggle he had to get his college
course. How many of the young men of to-day would go
through such an experience for an education ? Lots of
them will not embrace the opportunity when everything is
paid for in advance.

I am farming on a small scale, having about two acres
under cultivation. I am planting everything I can get seed
for. I get up at 4 o'clock in the morning, and am out with
my bees by daylight. How I love to see them at work, and
the hum of the little bee is the sweetest of music to me.

I have an acquaintance in Waxahachie who has about
15 colonies of bees, and I have tried so often to get him to
take some bee-paper, but he says, " My father had bees, and
he never read any bee-paper, and he was a good bee-man."

I am 54 years old, and regret that so much of my life
had been spent before I went into the bee-business ; but I am
trying to get all the pleasure out of it I can.

Ellis Co., Tex., April 6. Mrs. C. R. West.

Glad to hear from you again, Mrs. West. I hope and
trust that you will not be disappointed, and that Texas will
give you a booming crop this year. I would not feel badly
if Illinois would do the same.

Just talk about Southern people being lazy, will you ?
If they all follow Mrs. West's energetic example they surely
can never be accused of laziness. Up at 4 o'clock in the
morning ! Mrs. West, that's too early. You don't keep
that up as a steady diet, do you ?

I * The Afterthought. ^ i

SirT!rTr'trT«'TrT*'*r>rT!r*ri«'T«n!fTrT!r*r>?^

The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Qlassea.
By B. B. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo. O.

DRONE-LAVING IN A QDEENLESS COLONY.

When an idea is once established it is natural (perhaps
to some extent proper) that it should not disestablish itself
right at the word, " Simon says, ' Thumbs down.' " Only a
few years ago most of us thought that drone-laying in a
queenless hive was done by one bee masquerading as a
queen. Now, the opposite idea seems to be well supported —
laying by many workers at once. But I see Gleanings still
eats a grain of salt, to the effect that in some rare cases
there may be only one. Still, I guess we should mildly re-
press and reprove the old language, and get rid of it in due
time. Page 195.

GETTING POLLEN OUT OF COMBS.

Soak It half a day

And wash it out with spray —

To-wit, the surplus pollen encumbering combs. Presumably
there would be lots of little kinks of detail to be mastered,
but I guess the plan would work nicely when you got the
aforesaid kinks — unless it was consolidated (as I think old
pollen is very apt to be) by some organic growth working
through it. As to partly damaged pollen, I guess one
would have to tind out for himself in each individual case
whether it could be got out with spray fast enough to be
practical. In time past repeated soakings and waitings in

warm weather, provoking the pollen to ferment and foam
itself out, have been mentioned, if I remember aright.
Page 196.

UNITING A OUEENLESS COLONY WITH A WEAK ONE.

J. A. Green is a brother of the O. K. brigade, and when
he says he learned long ago not to unite in spring a queen-
less colony with a weak colony having a queen, we wonder.
He ought to tell us some more about it — as that is one of
the things the books specially exhort us to do.

The observation of queenless bees that lived over win-
ter and then on through nearly all that part of the year
when life is usually short, is an interesting observation.
Wonder what they did when Sept. 5 was passed — go off in a
company, or go out one by one to die, or individually try to
get themselves into some other colony and get killed ?
There is some possibility that this long life does not after
all represent the extreme of which they might have been
capable. Page 197.

BUYING COMB HONEY TO GET THE PURE.

So there are people who buy comb honey to be sure of
getting the real thing, and then melt it up to be rid of the
wax. Effective performance. More cash than faith they
seem to have. Still, if I was out of the business, longed for
a little liquid honey, couldn't get at an actual producer of
it — I believe I'm just fussy enough to do so, too, rather than
eat the running-at-large article. Page 200.

BEES DOING THE OPPOSITE OF EXPECTATIONS.

Bees always doing the opposite of what the keeper
wants them to do — and that's the reason Mr. Broderick
views Cuban bee-keeping as a terrible nightmare he has
just escaped from. Well, our bees swarm when we don't
want them to, and refuse to swarm when we do want them
to — and oft omit the little matter of storing surplus, con-
cerning which our feelings are decidedly strenuous. 'Spects
the " hoss " is of the same breed as here, only the pace a
little more rapid. Page 204.

BEES HANGING OUT WHILE SWARMING.

Rather queer and exceptional for bees to hang on the
front of their own hive and let a swarm come out from
within without joining it. Usually the swarming rush is
very communicable indeed. Likely they had been right
there for days, had a queen with them, and were playing
that they were an out-door colony in Java — and these things
may partly account for their abstention — terminated by the
queen's refusing to play any longer, and going inside.
Page 204.

THE AIKIN "HONEY-BOLOGNA."

Yes, we must stand by Mr. Aikin's honors in the mat-
ter of the honey-bolognas. Whenever any new thing makes
a stir in the world the fellow always turns up who invented
all that and more, too, long, long ago — but we'll turn him
down. Of what use, pray, might a paper package of honey
be in the dreamy brain of somebody ? The man who works
things out, and tights them out, and trots them out, he's
the fellow. Presumably, hundreds of people before Fulton
invented steamboats ; but what good did their steamboats
do? Page 211.

ALFALFA AND BEEF PER ACRE.

Aha ! It's not after all the most beef per ton, but the
most beef per acre that the farmer wants to get out of the
alfalfa. (Juite an important turn in our favor. When the
growth is cut in the first glint of bloom a lot of the beef is
left down in the bowels of the earth yet. Hay nice, but too
little of it. Page 211.

Honey as a t1ealth°Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3,!^x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we arc using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; SO for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
forS2.75: 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

May 7, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

297

Questions and Answers.

DR. O. O. MILLER, Maroairo, 111,

[The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not aslc the

Doctor to send answers bT mail. — Editor.1

Removing; Drone-Comb— Uulting Queenless Colonies.

1. On page 7S1, of '" Forty Years Among the Bees,'' under the head
oC " Mending Combs," am I to understand that all drone-combs should
be removed {

2. Under the title, " Queenless Colonies," page 115, you speak of
uniting a queenless colony with another. Do you accomplish that by
placing the brood-chamber of the queenless colony above or below the
other brood-chamber?

3. In reducing a storied colony to one story (page 130), do you
take the extra brood-frames to other coloa'ies with the ad her ing been I
Or do you brush off all the bees !

I have enjoyed reading the book, and gained much helpful infor-
mation. It's valuable index makes every topic instantly accessible. It
is a worthy companion to the " A B C of Bee-Culture," and with that
invaluable thesaurus is kept constantly at hand. Nebraska.

Answers. — 1. Yes, when you have tried your best to keep out all
drone-co.nb, enough will still be left to rear all drones needed. But
it's a good plan to leave some drone-comb in one or more of your beet
colonies. It is just as important to rear best drones as to rear best
queens.

2. Either way. Generally put the queenless colony above; but if
the queenless colony is strong and the other weak, put the queenless
colony below. It is a good plan to put newspaper or thicker paper
between the two, with a hole big enough for one bee to pass at a time.

3. All bees are brushed off, leaving the colony full strength.
I thank you for your kind words.

aneen Killed— Peedlns Bees.

What shall I do with one colony of bees that I have? To-day, as
I was looking at my bees I saw one colony that were flying well, but
were not carrying in as much pollen as they had been in the habit of
doing. In front of the hive I saw a few bees, perhaps a half-dozen of
them, and on looking closer I found they had their queen out there;
of course she was dead. They were "lapping " her, as I call it. What
shall I do with this colony i I don't want to lose them, for I have now
lost half of my bees.

I have been feeding them for some time (perhaps a week) from
one pint to quart of syrup, one-half sugar and the same of water.
They have taken it all right until to-day (April '20) ; they take some,
but not as much as they did.

They commenced carrying pollen about the middle of March.
Why did they kill their queen *

The bees are ugly, and when I go by the hive they will fly and
strike at me more than ever before. New Hampshire.

Answer. — Some accident may have happened to the queen ; or she
may have died of old age. It is possible a young queen is present, or
they may have a queen-cell more or less advanced. In any case, if the
colony is strong, give them a frame of brood, the younger the better.
If they start queen-cells, they may be allowed to continue them, or you
may give them a laying queen. Possibly it may be better still to unite
them with a colony having a laying queen.

Sulphuric Acid for Purifying Beeswax.

What is used for purifying wax for making comb foundation ;

How is it applied, and in what quantities* Ohio.

Answer.— A large part of the impurities will be gotten out of the
wax by slow cooling, or rather by keeping it hot a long time. If the
melted wax is allowed to cool rapidly the impurities do not have time
to settle. But foundation-makers use sulphuric acid to make a com-
plete job of purifying, throwing a jet of steam into the wooden tank
containing the wax and acidulated water. For common people like
you and me, a different plan must be taken, using the acid, however,
of some strength, about one part of acid to 100 of water. It nmy be
more convenient, although more expensive, to follow G. M. Doolittle's
suggestion, instead of sulphuric acid using a pint of strong vinegar in
one quart of water for every ten pounds of wax.

To use the sulphuric acid on a small scale, the following directions
are given in Root's A B C of Bee-keeping:

"Use a large earthenware kettle, for anything else would hu apt
to be affected by the acid. Into this put a small quantity of water,
then a proportionate amount of acid. Allow it to come to a boil, and
put in a cake of wax.

"If this is too slow and tedious a job, a large iron kettle that will
hold seven or eight pails of water may be used. Fill this kettle uimut
half full of water, slightly acidulated. Start a slow fire under it, and
when the water gets to nearly boiling put in the cakes of dark-colored

wax that are to be brouglil l<i a luight yellow. Keep hot for a few
minutes, and then yllow the lire to die down. As soon as all the parti-
cles of dirt have settled in the water, with a dipper dip off the free
wax on top, being very careful not to agitate or stir up the dirt in the
water.

"While the iron in the kettle may be attacked slightly, yet it will
do no particular harm. When through with the kettle, clean it out
with boiling water aud rub it over with grease."

Keeping Queens After Hatching.

I have read a great deal about queen-rearing in bee papers and
also in books, but I have never been able to understand how the queens
are kept after they are hatched, where so many are reared; also by
what method the queens are mated. Please give me some information
on these points. Michigan.

Answer. — There is no way to keep young queens, or to have
them fertilized, except to have them kept in separate hives, or at least
in separate apartments, so that there can be no communication be-
tween any two nuclei in which the queens are kept. Some queen-
rearers use small hives with small frames, but the general way is to
use brood-frames of the regular size, with one to three frames for each
nucleus. The young queens are left to themselves to be mated, flying
out of the hives when a few days old to meet the drones in the open

Colony with Laying Worker.

All my bees are in good shape excepting one colony ; it Is the same
one I had so much trouble with last season and wrote about. In
examining it this spring I tind it is again without a queen, and laying
workers are doing business, breeding is going on, and only drones are
being hatched out. I never saw drones in a hive, in this part of the
country, in the month of April. Eggs are attached to the sides of the
cells and piled together 3 or 4 in a spot, like fly-blow.

What would I better do with this colony '. Would I better try
giving it a laying queen, or break it up and scatter them among the
other hives? Of course I can do nothing with it until the weather be-
comes warmer and I have the bees put out. When would be the best
time to doctor it, immediately on putting it out-of-doors, or wait till
the honey-flow begins? The colony has plenty of stores.

Ontario.

Answer — Those bees are old and of no value as nurse-bees, but
might do a little as field-bees. The only advisable thing is to break up
the colony right away, and give the bees to colonies in good working
order.

Bisulphide of Carbon for Fumigating Honey— Putting
on Sections.

1. Do bee-keepers use bisulphide of carbon in the place of sulphur
for destroying moths in hohey? If so, how is it used? and in what
quantity?

2. When a swarm issues do you take the sections from the old
hive and put on the new? If so, how long before you put sections on
the old hive again. New Y'ork.

Answers. — 1. Probably most bee-keepers do not yet use bisul-
phide in preference to sulphur, but probably they will in the near
future. Just how it is used depends upon what it is to be used upon,
etc. One way is to use it upon brood-combs. Pile up several hive-
bodies filled with the combs to be treated, put an empty story on top,
and in this set a saucer containing two or three tablespoonfuls of the
drug, and cover up close. Don't allow a light or fire to come anywhere
near it unless you want an explosion.

3. Unless an excluder is used, don't put the sections on the swarm
for a day or two — wait till the queen gets fairly started to laying be-
low. Don't put sections on the mother colony till it becomes strong
enough to store in the super, which may not be till next year.

Spring Management of Bees.

We have had now over a week of fine weather, though the nights
are cool. The fruit-trees are in full bloom, and the bees hustling.

I have 3 colonies of bees, oje of which I formed last year from a
nucleus. This one is in a double-walled hive with burlap over the
frames and a super filled with leaves, and cap over all. It seems to
be the strongest colony now. This morning I found the bottom-board
well sprinkled with wax-scales (white instead of yellow), and bees
fanning about the entrance although it was quite cool. Thinking
they might need room I removed the winter covering and gave them
an extracting super (Ideal) with comb drawn and some honey in a
few sections from last year; the most of this honey was not capped
and was not candied; I kept it all winter in the attic, right up under
the roof, wrapped in paper. No moth or mice disturbed them.

My question is: Did I do right to give them the super?

I did not look into the hive as it was too cold to expose the brood,
this being at H :!.') a.m. 1 do not gel ii chance to examine my bees ex-
cepting on holidays, unless I do it Sundays, which I prefer not to do
unless absolutely necessary, which is not the case this year. Our next
holiday is May 30. I would like to know whether or not they all
have brood. The queens were reared last year, all young and pro-
lific. . ,111,

It seems to me a good many useless questions are asked j'ou by

298

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

beginners, who ought to have books and papers which answer the
most of their questions. This is my third year in the bee-business,
but I have two papers and three text-books and will get your book this
year, I hope. I can " eat " bee-lore as well as honey.

New York.

Answer. — I don't know whether it was wise or not to give the
super. I could tell better by looking in the hive. The probability is
that they had plenty of room without it, and that it gave them just so
much more to keep warm. Still, it is possible that their combs were
■so filled up, and so much honey coming in, that they needed the room.
Bees do not generally need surplus room till some time after fruit-
bloom, but sometimes they need it during fruit-bloom.

Spring Feeding of Bees— Beet or Cane Sugar.

1. In regard to an article on page 331, " Why Feed Bees Sparingly
and Often." by Mr. C. P. Dadant, please tell us how to do it in this
section. March and April are usually cold and windy and not warm
enough for the bees to dy very much, and so they could not leave the
cluster to go to the top of the hive. Would it do to open the hive to
feed every day ? What is the best known way to feed when the bees

are out-of-doors wintering on the summer stands? How early should
stimulating feeding begin?

2. I want to know if all sugar sold for granulated sugar Is cane
sugar or will answer for bee-feed. How can I tell cane sugar before
the bees have been killed with poor or beet sugar? How can I procure
cane sugar in rural sections like the hill towns of New England?

Vermont.

Answers. — 1. It is impossible to give everything in one article,
and however true may have been all that Mr. Dadant may have said,
he would no doubt have told yoa that when it is too cold and windy
for bees to tly the best way to feed them is not to feed at all, only to
see that they have plenty of stores in the hive. When it is warm
enough for profitable feeding, there will be no trouble about their
leaving the cluster to take feed either above or below.

2, I think that only a small part of the granulated sugar is made
from cane sugar, and although I have tried very hard to learn some
way in which cane could be told from beet sugar I am still in igno-
rance on that point. The British Bee .Journal stoutly insists that
beet sugar should not be fed to bees, but authorities on this side the
water insist just as strongly that there is no possiljle difference be-
tween beet and cane sugar when it is made into granulated sugar.
Certain it is that thousands of pounds of granulated sugar made
from beets have been fed with good results.

Please mention Bee Journal -wutai writina

The AmericanPoultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

A InilfrmI ""^t '^ °'^^'^ ^ quarter of a
i-» ^ VUI liai century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
_ cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog- and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Produciug Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.
Please >nention Bee Journal -when -wriliug.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 ceutB; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Looks for a Good Yield.

The prospects are good for a large yield of
honey in this section. White clover is in the
best shape I have seen it for years, and we
have lots of basswood around here.

I put 30 colonies of bees in the cellar, took
out 29 on March 15; one was robbed out so I
have 28 in good condition. Last year was a
poor one, but I look for better results the
coming summer. C. M. Lawrence.

Blackhawk Co., Iowa, April 28.

Missouri Organized.

We had a very successful convention of
bee-keepers at Moberly, April 22 and 23.
Several parts of the .State were represented
by prominent men, and we effected a perma-
nent organization, and listened to quite a
number of splendid Ijee-talks. We fixed the
initiation fee at 60 cents for new members
who may desire to join Ijetween now and our
next meeting, after which time it will be .?1. 00.
We now have 67 names enrolled. We expect
to meet again some time in December, the
date, place and program to be arranged by
the Executive Board. W. T. Cart, tier.

Carroll Co., Mo., April 25.

Smoker-Fuel— Taking Bees Out for
a Flight.

A few thoughts about smoker-fuel are sug-
gested by reading James H. Wing's high
commendations of cedar-bark as a smoker-
fuel in a recent issue of the American Bee
Journal. Cedar-bark for that purpose has one
objection that should not be tolerated in
smoker-fuel, and that is, the great amount of
ashes produced from it.

I think if any one will take a given quantity
of all the different kinds of smoker-fuel rec-
ommended, and burn them on a quiet day on
a sheet of iron, or any other substance that
will save all the ashes, each kind by itself,
the conclusion will be that of all the different
kinds none can approach cedar-bark as a pro-
ducer of ashes.

So far as I have tested the list, apple-wood
has the least ashes of auy wood except pine;
it holds fire well, and gives a good flow of
smoke. It should be just rotten enough to
break up pretty well when cut with a draw-
ing knife.

On page 99 is a little talk about taking bees
out of the cellar to give them a winter flight,
and then returniog them to the cellar. I wish
to say that the condition of the bees, the con-
dition of the cellar, and the kind of day, have
much to do with after results.

Right here let me interject that if the bees
are wintering fairly well, better uot disturb
them until set out to stay. If the bees are
thirsty because the cellar is too dry, and if

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please mention Bee journal -when -writina.

tONTDOATHNG

Aboutbnvlnir abutrsrvor harness until yon
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fiease mention >iee Jou

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Smokers

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Please mention Bee .loumal when vrrltliii^

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

299

the day is warm, still and brijiht, tliey will
carry iu quite a lot of water, iiud no small
amount of brood will result, which, I believe,
is always injurious in the cellar, just in pro-
portion to the amount started.

In the cellar, breeding is a hard pull upon
the vitality of the queen, the bees and the
food, without anything to show for it of
value. I l<now, Mr. Editor, that all your
readers will not agree with me in this. Let
me say that t/ir hies t/iat remain ijuiet ilariii;/
tfit'ir stay in the eet/nr, witJiuut breakinif eluster,
<in(l without ttrecding^ are the ones theit eat the
least food and do the best work (he foVowing sea-
son.

Let your experimenters give all the condi-
tions.

On the same page I read about bees from
time to time voiding the contents of their in-
testines. For many years I have held the be-
lief that they do under favorable conditions,
and, when they do, they always winter well.
It is said. '■ Chief among these conditions are
pure air and the proper temperature." Good
food, should have been added.

Ontario, Canada. S. T. Pettit.

Fair Honey Crop Expected.

The outlook for a good crop of honey has
been greatly improved by the rains of April
16 and 1", which gave us a fall of an inch
near the coast, and from 3 to 4 inches in the
mountains.

The season is a little late, and the bees were
a little weak in the early spring, owing to the
short crop of last year, and in some instances
scant stores, but they are building up fast,
and in some localities extracting has already
commenced. With a few more rains, which
we expect, a fair crop will be secured in
southern California. F. C. Wiggins.

San Diego Co., Calif., April 30.

Best Prospects in Years.

It is dry here, but the best prospects for a
honey crop in years, as we had rain during
the winter. I had to feed my bees all winter ;
they are working on willow now.

S. M. WlI.KERSON.

Wise Co.. Tex., April 23.

Bad Weather for Queen-Rearing.

April weather stopped our queen-rearing
business, as for three weeks it was so cold
and rained so much that we could not do any-
thing. Bees consumed all their stores, biood
was chilled and died in the nuclei and many
full colonies. We had to feed sugar syrup —
a thing we never did before. Yesterday was
the lirst day in April that seemed like settled
weather. To-day the wind is from the east.
Bees could get some honey now, I suppose, if
they could fly, though the flowers may not
have any honey in them. We are trying every
way possible to have queen-cells built, but
our cell-cups are rejected by the bees ; one or
two, and sometimes four in a batch, are ail
we can get, and many of them are inferior.
Not looking for such unfavorable weather, we
were wholly unprepared for it.

Pickens Co., Ga., April 28. T. S. Hall.

Expects a Fair Crop.

The weather is very backward for bees, but
whenever it is warm enough they gather large
quantities of pollen. My bees wintered fairly
well, and I am consequently expecting a fair-
crop of honey. A. C. F. Biktz.

Chippewa Co., Wis., April 23.

A Beginner's Experience.

April ir, 1002, I bought 7 colonies of bees
and IG empty hives. I brought them home
and noticed the bees going and coming, but I
did not know the reason. I soon found out
that something was wrong. I got a smoker
and examined them, and found what is called
moth. I then sent for " A B C of Bee-Cul-
ture." and it was worth live tiiiu-^ the price
to me. I took a veil, smoker and knife and
cut out the moth, and cleaned the hives
nicely. The millersi still ^came around, and I

Everything f

FOR BEES... ^'

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

S Red Oak, Iowa.

8 13D13t

Catalojf with buudreds of j^

NKW illustrations FRKE to g

bee keepers. Write for it now £9

AGBNCIES:

i' ester Lumber Co., 71

Lamar, Colo. »

Trester Supply Co., a

Liucolu, Nebraska, fn

Shugart & Ouren, C

Council Bluffs, Iowa. W

J. W. Bittenbeude

Ko

iUe, Iowa.

iSQSSQQSSQQQQSQSSSSSS

f lease mention Bee Journal -when wi itme

$45DaDD'" PREMIUMS r

f loiLbw mention Bee Journal ■wiien. wntinp

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

id, old and younp alike,
make money working for us.
i forDleh capita] to start yon id basl-
QMS. S«Dd ofl lOc atampsor aUTer for full InntructionB and a liae of

^ple> to work with. UKAPEK PUBLISQINQ CCCUcago.lU.

California Excursion.

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14tli.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going' and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

j.„.Mcco^NELu SANTA FE '°Sh^.sisi.^^-

Marshfleld ManiifactnriDg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturlng^jCompany, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wten writins.

30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

■J^ This is a good time

rt^ jAr to send in your Bees-

• ■* ^ T~* *•* *l* wax. We are paying

paid for Beeswax. * - -» ? sr,z

low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

300

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

TDousands o! Hives = Millions oi Secilons

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not sellinpf goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconslu, U. S. A.

Please znention Bee Joiimal ■when ■writina

FOR THE BEST

-HITES, SMOKERS, EXXR ACTORS, FOIIMOAXIOm -

.AND ALL.

BEE-KfiKPERS' SUPPLIES,

2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. liouis. III.

$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00

with membership fee of $2.00 added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association. Tickets will
be on sale via the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive, good return-
ing from July Sth to 12th inclusive,
without being deposited with Joint
Agent. Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment of SOc. for
execution. Superior train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging in price from
3Sc. to $1.00 ; also a la carte service
Write John Y. Calahan , General Agen t.
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of departure of trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3— 17A5t

Please mention Bee Journal w^bon writing.

400 StrawDerru Plants, Si.

Assorted, Braadywine, Clyde, Crescent, Gandy
and Warfleld. JNO. F. MICHAEL.

18A4t R. 6. Winchester, Ind.

$

3

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

will present you with the first 85 yoa
in to start you in a good paying husi-
Send 10 cents for full Line of Btiniples

Headquarters F'" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal -when writlne

Dittmer's FonndatioD !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
nd Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Retail
the thinnest base.
other make.

Working- >vax into Foundation for CasK a Specialty.'-c BeesMax
always wanted at liigltest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee journal -wben wrltina

wanted to catch them. The black ants were
very bad, so I got all the land tarpons I could
find, and they crawled off; then I got hop-
toads. They hopped off, but cleaned up the
ants before they went. I then took a Bantam
hen and chickens, and she cleaned up all
pests.

This year I am going to hang a lantern over
a tub of water; the miller is great for coming
to the light.

I got 183 pounds of good honey and 6
swarms. I think that is doing well.

Kent Co., Md., April 13. Thos. Gore.

Foul Bpood in Ontario.

Et5iTOR York ; — In a recent number of the
American Bee Journal I see a report as to the
extermination of foul brood in Ontario. With-
out going into any details let me say that
our good friend Mr. McEvoy is looking at
things through rather rose-eolored glasses. I
can take him or yoa to more than one part of
the Province where he has inspected and found
foul brood, and for a whole year or more
never went back to see that they were treated
or cured ; this does not speak well of its
almost extermination. To my knowledge it
is in the countiesof Victoria, York, Peel, Nor-
folk and Simcoe; and several counties are
moving to have county inspectors, so the
work will be done more expeditiously.

I have been pressed to make these state-
ments, and in justice to bee-keepers they
should be made, as you have published the
other side. R. F. Holtekmann.

Ontario, Canada, April 24.

Bees in British Columbia.

I send a few words from British Columbia,
reporting the condition of my bees after a
steady, cold winter, with no flight between
November and March. They were wintered
out-of-doors, with two or three inches of
planer-shavings between the hives and an
outer rough case. A ganny-sack, with planer-
shavings placed in a super, formed the cush-
ion.

I had b colonies, one in a 10-frame Lang-
stroth hive, two 8-frame Langstroths, and two
Danzenbaker hives. We had a light fall of
snow just before they took their fiight, about
the middle of March, and that cost me a lot
of bees, for when they lit on this fluffy snow
they sank in and soon met death in the icy
meshes of that downy while mantle. Had the
snow been packed the least they could have
risen again, but, as it was, I lost a lot of my

Tell all Poultry Troubles

tcj US. < >iir poullry spsclallsis ivill iin..iwer anJ

FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES

Kvt-ry thing the lit'St ot i ts kind, from murk erg

to ineubators. Ourt-atalopue will interest and

profityou. Mailed free; ask for Catalogue B.

W. J. GIBSOn & CO., (Inc.) UNION STOCK YAROS, CHICAGO.

F'.ease l

,1LIU

Vii^u wriuuti,

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing for a bee-keepei»or honey-seller
to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to
introduce the subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Note.— One reader writes: "I have every
reason to believe that it would be a very g^ood
idea for every beekeeper to
wear one (of the buttonsj as it
will cause people to ask ques-
tions about the busy bee, and
many a conversation thus
started would wind up with
the sale of more or less honey;
at any rate it would give the
bee-keeper a superior oppor-
tunity to enligrhten many a
person in regard to honey and.bees.

The picture shown herewith is a reproduc-
tion of a motto queeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the
underside to fasten it.

Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the oflBce
of the American Bee Journal.

May 7, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

301

^•Frame Nuclei For Sale

We are now booking orders for 3-
frame Nuclei of Italian Bees, with
queens, to be delivered between May IS
and June 1 — first come first served.
They will be shipped by express from
Kankakee Co.. about 50 miles south
of Chicago. They are on Langstroth
frames, and the number of Nuclei is
limited. Prices are, f. o. b. starting
point — One Nucleus, S3. 00; 5 or more at
one time, $2.75 each.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

^5 66&t Queen of Sixtu-tive 55

Mr. Alley:

Be

, Mi

I have a queen received from you ia r>U(i. Her

bees are the best bcney-g'athei ers of an apiary

of 65 colonies in which are queens frmn different

breeders— natural queens, as Dr. Gallup calls

them. The Adel queen is the best of the lot.

C.J. Oldenbekg.

Price-List now ready. H. ALLEY,

]6A4t Wenham. Mass.

Page Gate Frames

,-ire solid roiinii Iron, welded by electricity. Gates
liavfto ;^tiirid more liantjiue' tban fence. Ours are
pitwerfnlly braced. Mesh entirely woven bv hand.
l*A«iK UOVi;.N WIKK FE-NCE CO., ADKI Ai\,.>iltH.
Please xDeutJon Bee Journal wHen -writing.

Bee = Supplies

G B. LEWIS GO'S GOODS and every-
thing- necessary for handling bees. The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
4'>A2(.t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

jrk for us. We will start you in

and furnish the capital. VVork

ght and easy. Send 10 cents for full

warned lo Buy

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., iNDiaNAPOLis, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A r\f\ Mounted (jueen-Cells and one
1 UU *^™P^^ °^ t^<= Stanley Cell-
Protector or Introducing Cage
for 7fi cents, postpaid.

i^Atf ARTHUR STANLEY, DIXQN, ILL.

^^ease mention Bee Journal when wntui*>

Take a Trip

over the Nickel "Plate Road and be con-
vinced of its superior train service.
Solid through daily express trains be-
tween Chicago, Ft. Wayne, Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and Boston. American Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35c. to SI. 00,
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars ;
also service a la carte. Rates always
the lowest. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago depot: Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave. City Ticket Offices 111 Adams
St. and Auditorium Annex. John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone Cen-
tral 2057. 2— 17ASt

bees that could rmt well be spared at that time.

In March I fell about 30 pounds of honey,
which a store-keejier had allowed to become
tilled with flies, I'lc, and which was of course
unsalable. I thinned it down with hot water,
and the bees earrit-d it in with avidity, and,
as a result, they are well supplied with food.

Now, for the ri'sult: I went through them
yesterday and fdiiiid them all alive, and all
have some brood. The 3 colonies in Lang-
stroth hives are much stronger than those in
Danz. hives. The lO-frame Langstroth, and
one of the S-fraiiie, are in fine condition. The
latter has two frames of brood that are a
pleasure to look at. It is a large, solid patch
of brood without misses.

The weaker of the Danz. hive colonies has
started two i|ueen-cells, much to my surprise.
In one of the hives I found a small patch of
what looked like "laying worker'- brood;
they looked like small rifle cartridges, with
the caps of the cells bulging out. Perhaps it
is drone-brood from the queen. I hope it is.

How I wish I could have the advantage of a
visit from an expert like Dr. Miller or Mr.
Alley, or one of the bee-kings. Being here
alone I blunder along making many mistakes,
and sadly feel my ignorance. I could not
manage at all but for the American Bee -Jour-
nal. 'Thai, dollar is my best investment, and
pays me the largest returns for my money.
But, oh, for the living voice and experienced
hand of an expert in my apiary, if only for an
hour!

My hives stand on a railway embankment,
consisting of boulders, so I am afraid to clip
my queens, lest when they fall down they
should crawl under a stone and 1 be unable
to find them. But this is one of the tnings I
should like to have the advice of an expert on.
Mine is a very poor location, but it is that or
nothing.

My bees are gathering any quantity of pol-
len from the pussy-willows. After that they
have nothing to get until white clover, and
that is the only honey harvest they will have,
as our bush is all coniferse. The gardens
furnish a few flowers, but nothing worth men-
tioning. However, there is any amount of
white clover, while it lasts. H. Beer.

British Columbia, Canada, April 22.

Prospects Good.

I am somewhat interested in bees, having
25 strong colonies. I did not lose one during
the winter; they wintered in better shape
than for the past six years.

We have plenty of white clover, so the pros-
pects are good for honey this season. I notice
some of the bee-keepers report the same in
other localities. Well, hurrah for a change,
for we have had several years that have been
almost failures here.

I have taken the Bee Journal only a short
time, but I think it is a fine paper, and every
one who keeps bees should have it every
week. L. W. Et.MOBE.

Jefferson Co., Iowa, April 2".

A Lecture on Ants and Bees.

Last evening Rev. W. T. Elsing gave a lec-
ture at the Brown Memorial Presbyterian
Church; he had a good, attentive audience,
and he used steriopLicon pictures, which were
excellent; many of them I recognized as com-
ing from various bee books and papers.
Mr. Elsing's lecture showed that he had read
the proper books. He did not soar away up
into flowery untruths, but gave a plain, lucid,
understandable talk. His audience was
charmed with the talk and illustrations. He
is doing this work gratuitously as missionary
work, to try to show the beautiful in Nature,
and the loving kindness of God. I had never
met him before, but before the lecture 1
formed his acquaintance, and told him about
our National Bee-Keepers' Association, of
which he did nut know anything. I gave
him the last copy cf the American Bee Jour-
nal, which he wa.s glad to receive, having
never seen one. I invited him to join the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, and to sub-
scriljB for the Aimrican Bee Journal. I told
him about the work and objects of the Na-
tional, and told him about the standing offer
of .^1,000 for manufactured comb honey, and
several other points. He announced them all

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian^ Select long-tongued
[Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3J4 railes
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
OUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

PleP'ie mention Bee Journal when "writing

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you waul for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HU^T & SON,

10Al7t BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

9 I f\.aO For

I ^ 200 Egg
"INCUBATOR

Perfect in construction i
action. Hatches every fer
egg, \Vrite for catalog to-d

GEO. H. STAHL. Qulncy* III.

46A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens j^?

c=i 1 6 12

Untested $1.00 $ 5.00 $ 9.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus no queen] 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
L,Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in lO-frame hives and now they are in
tiue condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E, K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1'>01.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money bv P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

ITAtf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Bee j'ournal -when ■writins

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
:2.'>ciTit6; or will send it FREE as
:i prt'tiiiuin for sending us One
New .subscriber to the Bee .Journal
/*:^^s?''"' '^ ■^'^'"' *' SI .00; or for §1.10 we
'^ "^ will mail the Bee .Journal one year

and the Clippin;: Device. Address,

* QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

302

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

5ffi ion 250) son

Sweet Clover (yellow).... I .90 $1.70 $«.00 $7.£0

Alsllce Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2 80 6.50 12,50

Alfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.25 8 00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra tor postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, • CHICAGO, ILL

PRAVING

Ourllne of sprayera ana applj.
ancee (Ha every man's needs.
Hand,Kr\apsack,Bucket»
Field, Barrel, and Pow^er

THE DEMING CO., Sale:

Business Queens.

Bred from best Italian hoaev-galherin^ stock,
and reared in HULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be trood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6. $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
IS.Vtf Central Square. Oswego Co , N. Y.

C alifctfrtia f It yon care to know of lt«
Vi/aillUrnid l Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornia's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cai.

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nluolei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $1.00

One Tested Oueen 1.35

One Select Tested Oueen . 1.50

One Breeder Queen 2.50

Oce - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen 1.40

■ Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA. IOWA.
Mease mention Boe Journal -when ■writing

Founfl al) Last !

A place where I am
rearing QUEENS for
Business, Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices :

Untested, each, 75c; doz.$7.50
Tested,eath,$1.09; doz ,$10.

Either Golden or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.

Remit by Postal
DANIEL WURTH,

Queen Specialist,
City, Karnes Co., Texas,

Money Orders.

17D4t K.irxe;

BIG BARGAINS IN BUCCIES

O^ltvUone of our full-rig^e'i T.^p
Buggies Oil tempered springs; fine finish;
worth double the price. We mako
hBrncHS too. Write for Catalog

ViV^E- >' INDIANA STEEL Bt WIRE CO.

WIRE MUNCIE.IHDIAMA.

SDtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Ssi-- Rearlno Qoeens

and having a breeding queen that is two years
old» whose bees are so geoile they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers I ever saw, I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of 1%3 at the following prices. Terms
cash:

Reared bv Doolittle Method.

Untested Queen, 7Sc; 6 for $4.00

Tested Queen, $1.00; 6 for 5.00

Natural Swarming and Supersedure.

XTntested Queen, $1.25; 6 for 6.00

Tested Queen, $1.75; t» for 9.00

CHESLEY PRESSV;JOD, McDONALD, TENN.

13D4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

^/i7-/;oor-.s^a^/c£A.

— ^=B— — — . -^

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

■--^ ^^ f liicoloniesltalian Beesin

l-<Or ^dl6 >^°°^ condition in dove-

■ ^-'" *^***^ tailed hives — painted;
Hoffman frames. Price, fS.SO for 8 frame, and
$4.00 forlO-frame. F.V.DAVIS,

19Alt 424 River St., Hanistee, riich.

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

Queens, they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, superior. Carniolans, Betler.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL. MAY. JUNE.

Best money

Untested Il.nO each; 6 for $ 5.00 I I

Select Untested .. 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00 2

Tested 2 00 each; 6 for 10.00

Select Tested ... 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00 |

Send for Citaloff and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

buv f.^.oOeach.

ath Select Untested

$115

Please ineutioa Bee iottmai wnen -wTltii^i

in his lecture, and most positively asserted
that the people need never be afraid o( pur-
chasing- comb honey; and also emphatically
denied that the bees injured perfect fruit, but
that other insects did, and that the bee natur-
ally sucked the juice from the inviting hole.

This man is trying to lead the people aright,
just on the subject of ants and bees.

Chas. E. Kemp.

Baltimore Co., Md., April 23.

Too Cool for Bees.

As it is too cool to-day for me to be out I
will write about my bees. They came through
the first part of the winter in very good con-
dition, and were breeding up very fast, but
now, April 23, it is unusually cold, and I can-
not say how they will do. I hope it will turn
warm soon. There are thousands o£ bloom
out now, but so cold that the bees cannot fly.
A. J. McBkide.

Wautauga Co., N. C, April 24.

SpFing Robbing Among Bees.

I see that some one in Pennsylvania has
trouble with his bees robbing back and forth
in the spring. Now, it is a common thing,
where bees are wintered in a cellar, and all
come out with nearly the same scent, for
some of them to get to plundering from each
other, and keep it up until some of them are
entirely used up. I am surprised that Dr.
Miller, with his 40 years among the bees, has
never had a case.

The surest remedy I have ever found is tf>
feed each colony so engaged a quart or so of
feed scented with something that will give
each colony a different scent. To No. 1 I give
feed scented with peppermint; to No. 2 win-
tergreen, and so on until all that are engaged
in plundering carry a different scent. A few
slices of onion put into one hive will fix that
colony so they will meet with a warm recep-
tion wherever they go. Essences of all kinds
are better than the oils, as the oils will not
mix with the feed as well as essences.

I use quart fruit-jars, and put the feed in at
night when all are at home. Use an exten-
sion-bit to make a hole in the top board, and
set the bit so it will cut the hole just large
enough to receive the mouth of the jar. Fill
the jars full, then tie over a single thickness
of cheese-cloth. Have the feed rather thin,
so the bees can get it readily, turn the jars
over with a (|uick motion, and it will not run
out any faster than the bees draw it out
through the cloth. The hole in the top-board
should be directly over the bees, so .that the
feed is right with the bees where they can
work at it at night and day as long as it lasts.
The cap of the hive should be put over the
jar when on, so that no bees can get a taste
of the feed from the outside. Use enough of
the scenting material to give the feed a per-
ceptible flavor of the different kinds which
you use, and that kind of plundering will
soon cease after they get the feed.

The bees are in fine shape here, but the
weather is cold ; there is scarcely a day when
they can fly with safety. Ira Barber.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.. April 20.

An Experienee with Bees.

In the spring of 1901 I bought 2 colonies of
bees in old-fashioned shallow hives, haying
room in each super for 40 sections. They cast
6 swarms. I kept 4 and gave away 2. I got
200 pounds of honey in the fall. The 6 colo-
nies came through the winter all right, being
buried in straw, all save the entrance or south
side. They cast only 7 swarms last year, the
most of them very late, as I will more fully
explain later. I kept .5 and gave away 2. I
got only about 40 pounds of honey from the
11 colonies, for, as all know, last year was a
very poor honey-yielder.

Having put the 5 new swarms in s-frame
dovetailed hives, and being desirous of hav-
ing toy little apiary uniform, I sold all of my
old-fashioned hives, keeping only the .5 new
ones. I bought 4 more colonies, from a neigh-
bor, that had come off very late, and were
put' in the 8-frame hives, so if you are keep-
ing up with me you will see that in the fall of
1002 I had 9 colonies of bees in S-frame hives.

May 7, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

303

I have said all this to get to a place where 1
can relate what to me is the most interesting
part of ray experience, viz. :

August it, 1902, I hived a large swarm of
bees in one of the above hives; it was raining
almost daily, and was cool. Knowing there
had been no nectar in the bloom all summer,
even if the bees could have flown, I reasoned
that they could gather nothing since it had
been so cold and wet. I concluded I would
helper look at them. Aug. !(!, IIKW, seven
days after I had put them in the hive, was a
nice, warm, sunshiny day, and although I
had never done anything of the kind, I deter-
mined to look into them, especially as the
bees were Hying lustily from the other hives,
and not a bee coming out of this one. I put
on veil and gloves and removed the top from
this hive, and there the bees were in a bunch,
dispirited, lifeless, and seemingly in a starv-
ing condition. I grew bolder and lifted out
all the frames. There was not a scintilla of
comb made ; I was at a loss as to what to do.
1 could not bear the idea of their starving, so
I put on an empty super, and placed in it a
pie-pan, laid some cobs in it, and tilled with
syrup. I made the syrup by lilling a gallon
bottle with granulated sugar and pouring in
cold water and shaking until all was dis-
solved. The bees were ravenous, and soon
emptied it. I continued to fill the pie-pan
with sugar syrup for some days.

All of this time it was raining, when I
thought I would see if they were simply eat-
ing syrup or were building comb. I again
lifted the frames and found they were rapidly
filling them with the most beautiful white
comb. Matters were now becoming decidedly
interesting to me, and knowing all my other
new colonies were in almost as bad a condi-
tion, I placed empty supers on them, with
pie-pans in the supers, and fed all until I had
fed S15 worth of sugar to the 9 colonies. As
7 of them had to make their comb out of
sugar, is it at all surprising they consumed
45 gallons of syrup, or 3 gallons for every
dollar's worth of sugar J

Now, what of the result? About the mid-
dle of March I noticed an enormous amount
of a wet, black stinking mass on the bottom-
board under the frames. So I determined to
look into them, expecting to tind my late
swarms, sugar-fed, all dead. To do this I had
to remove the straw from the top, and got a
man to lift the hive while I pulled out the
bottom from under each, and scraped off this
mass, in some one inch thick and very foul.
I turned over each bottom-board, and this
gave them a nice, clean bottom. I did not
put the straw back on top, but left it banked
up north of them. In a few days I lifted up
some frames and found quite an amount of
brood. In a short time I removed the straw
from the north of them, and the next night
we had a pretty hard freeze. Did it kill the
brood i

Some of the colonies, especially the one
coming off Aug. 9, 1902, are full of bees. Did
they develop last fall > or are they the old
bees that I put in there* The four colonies I
bought I did not get until late in the fall;
they were empty and starving. I fed them
until cold weather. Surely, they could not
have developed young bees last fall or during
the winter, so the bees there now must be the
ones put in last fall. All 9 colonies came
through, but one was so weak the others
pounced upon it when I was gone one day,
completely annihilating it. They punctured
the comb and tore it up in a great way.

I may add that I immediately subscribed
for the American Bee 'Tournal on buying my
first 2 colonies. I have since bought Prof.
Cook's " Manual of the Apiary." I am too
busy with my profession to read much bee-
literature, but it is getting " mighty interest-
ing." W. A. WiSEM.^x, M. D.

Douglas Co., 111., April 13.

[The freeze may and may not have killed
the brood.

The bees present in the middle of March
were mostly those reared after the swarm was
hived Aug. 9, and the bees in the other colo-
nies were, as you surmise, reared before win-
ter. Generally no young bees leave the cells
after October.— Editor.]

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Illinois. — Till' .spring meeting of the east-
ern part of the .Vorthern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association will he held at the residence of
James Taylor, in Harlem, Winnebago Co.,
111., on Tuesday, May 19, 1903. All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.

B. KENNEDT, .SVi'.

A Good Poultry Supply House. — A new adver-
tisement of an old reliable poultry supply house
comes into our columns this issue. It is that of
W. J. Gibson A: Co., of Chicag-o. Many of our
readers ha\e had satisfactory deaUnfjfs with
these people for years. There is hardly any
necessity of the poultry business but what is
carried by this concern, who make it a point to
supply to their customers the best, and only the
best, there is going. In the personnel of the
house there is a t,'ood deal of poultry talent, cer-
tain of the members being actively engaged in
the poultry business. At least one, Mr. H. M.
Horton, is well known to poultrymeu, and is at
present a director in the National Fanciers' As-
sociation. Naturally, they know what the
poultryman's needs" are, and what is best
adapted to meet them. In the interest or our
readers we heartily commend the advertisement
to their notice. Please mention the American
Bee Journal when writing to them.

The Nickel Plate Road

is the short line to the East, and the
service equal to the best. You will
save time and money by traveling' over
this line. It has three through daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars, and American Club
Meals, ranging' in price from 35c. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also a la carte service. Try a
trip over the Nickel Plate Road, and
you will find the service equal to any
between Chicago and the East.

Chicago depot: Harrison St. and
Fifth Ave. City Ticket . Offices 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113
Adams St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057. 1— 17ASt

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reerular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

I'M & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

MounilinjonGolleoe I

Open to both sexes from the beg-io- \.

ning. Founded in 1S46. Highest grade V

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 w

instructors. Alumni and students occu- ^

pying highest positions in Church and A*

State, Expen.ses lower than other col- IP

leges of equal tirade. Any young person k

'ith tact and energy can have an educa- f*

tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

for catalog. kg

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

Alliance, Ohio. w

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

S MARKET QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, .April 18.— Little change from laist
quotation, sales are few and prices not firm.
No. 1 to fancT white, lS@li.c; other grades
range from 10@14c. Extracted, white, 6f*7c;
amber, 5ii@b%c. Beeswax selling on arrival

at 32c. R. A. BORNBTT <s Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mi.xed, 14(ai5c; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7}4c. lieeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, April 20.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand good.
We quote you as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $.1.50; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections, $3 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3.0O@3.2S. Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6«c; amber, 5>^c. Beeswax, 25@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Apr. 27.— Little demand for comb
honey at present: fancy white sells at 15(S.16c in
a small way. We quote amber extracted at
S'A@(,%c; white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected this season of year. Cuban ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited with intense interest. Beeswax
strong at 30c. The Fred W. Moth Co.

Nb'W York, April .1.— Comb honey is moving
rather slowly of late and prices are somewhat
declining. We quote fancy white at from
14@lSc; No. 1, white, 13c; amber, ll@12c. Ex-
tracted quiet and easv, with plenty of supply.
We quote white at 6^fc7c; light amber, 5"4(a.6c;
dark at 5c. Beeswax steady at 30(i'31.

. HiLDRBTH & SBQBLKBK.

Cincinnati, Apr. IS-The comb honey market
is a little better, as the big stock is almost ex-
hausted; prices are better— fancy water-white
brings 15@1(jc. The market for extracted has
not changed whatever, and prices are as fol-
lows: Amber in barrels, 5ii@SHc: in cans,
6@6}ic; white clover, 8@8>^c. Pee-Jwax. 28'a30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.

San Francisco, Mar. 11.— White comb honey
12>i@13Hc; amber, 9(i911c; dark, 7(a»7>uc. Ex-
tracted, white, b%@t~]ic\ light amber, SJ^i&ac-
amber, S@5lic: dark. 4@4^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Demand is fair on local account for water-
white, uncandied, but there is not much of this
sort obtainable. Market for same is firm at
ruling rates. Candied stock and common qual-
ities are going at somewhat irregular and rather
easy figures, holders as a rule being desirous of
effecting an early cleau-up.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front add Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ■WTitiii&

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yott are interested in Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICABO. ILL.

Please mentinu Bae Journal -wVien writing

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

'ow k*ep*ra always

ork. We furoish capllal. S«tid
. for ftiJl line of samples srrt rartlcolars.

DKAPEK PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ills.
Flease mention Bee Joomal -when vntlne

304

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 7, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yoii
M'ill not be dissappointed.
We are iinderiHiold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

"W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham Bee-Smokers, which

got a little damp and soiled at the time of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as good as new.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham— new at b5 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee-Keepers, Remember t

that the freight rates from Toledo w
are the lowest of any city in theU.S. .

We sell %

f

Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices . . ♦ . .

Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty. Send for oui
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

»•^4

14A13t

Pleasf

>*♦■

the Bee Jo

rnal.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for eampleB and partic
ulars. We furnieh capital to start you in

business. Draper Publishing Co.,Chlcago,lll.

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ! 49

BOSTON!

Money in Bees for You. 4'

Catalog Price on g

ROOT'S SUPPLIES g

Catalog for the Asking.

S F. tt. FflRMER, S

g 162 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. S

S Up First Flight. S

16A13t

&&SQQQQSQSQQSSSSSSSSS

Please i

the Bee Jo

^ '''' Dadant's Foundation '''' ^

Year

Year

W^*» (rimmntf^f^ ^nf icfnrf inn What more can anybody do? beauty,

we gUdrdnLce ^diisictCLiun. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.

Why

Hrkf^e ii' Cf^ll en virF'll V Because it has always given better satis-
UUC9 II. sell »W WClI r faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been an7 complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDplies

OF ALL
KINDS *<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LanQ&troth on the Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

WAX PROFITS.

Many bee-keepers allow old combs and scraps of beeswax to
collect, which, for lack of time and the proper utensils, is scat-
tered or eaten up by moth worms. A big item would be added to

the year's profits by
the timely rendering

< f said wax by an

< conomical process.
We believe the press

_,^_= — — i-^-af^y^'^ illustrated herewith
tills a long-felt want
ill rendering wax.

B. Walker, Clyde,
111., says :

*' Was inclined to be-
lieve at first that the Ger-
man wax- press was a fail-
ure; but after a thorough
trial was well pleased. I
secured 30 pounds [more
wax from oue day's use of
the machine than I would
have secured by the ordi-
nary melh.id of render-

N. E. France, of
Platteville, Wiscon-
sin, State Inspector
of Apiaries, and Gen .
Mgr. National Bee-
Keepers' Association
— says :

"The German wax-
press is by far the best
machine or process to
save wax from old, black
brood-combs."

-// Hu t < e mm S^ im U ij- Pre

•s/J ■^l II I I VI jlt Oil

nanujactured JJ^£ fl

. ROOT CO.. M6dina. OHio. U.S.ft.

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL.. MAY 14. 1903.

No. 20.

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APIAKV OF A. J. KII.GORE. OF WOOD CO., OHIO.
(Sl-u page 30S.)

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306

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

PUBLISHED 'WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States. Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, .W cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon, ap-
plication.

A New Bee-Keeper's Sons'—

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey '

Words by EUQENE SECOR.

Music by QEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung-
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C, Miller.

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked J or,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St.. - CHICAGO, ILL.

A Celluloid Queeu-Buttoii is a very

pretty thing- lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introducfe the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The pictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing-to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, d cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

/as6

/690

/S9f

'1302

The Record

Be^'an advertising
experience as editor
of Commercial
Union.

Organized West-
ern Agricultural
Journals Associate
List, "Leaders of
the Great West and
Star of the East."

Began Publication
of Agricultural Ad-
vertising. Founded,
named and edited it.

Organized and es-
tablished The Frank
B. White Company.
Originated its policy
formulated its meth-
ods and made it a
success.

Increased capital
stock of Frank B.
White Company, en-
larged its capacity
and gavp it a com-
manding position
among the great ad-
vertising agencies.

Sold my interest
in the Frank B.
White Co. and began
the publication of
Class Advertising.

Organized White's
Class Advertising
Co. under the laws
of Illinois with a
capital stock of $100,-
000. Leased commo-
dious offices in the
Caxton Building and
am prepared to orig-
inate, design and
place class advertis-
ing and to domore
business and do it
better than ever be-
fore.

In the Light of

the Past we go

Forward

Will you use our
Light

"I know no guide but
the lamp of experience,"
said Patrick Henry.

Tlie lamp of my exper-
ience which in 188G was
like the faint glimmer of a
tallow dip light has after
lieing at it 17 years be-
come the search light that
illuminates the whole field
of class advertising. "White's
Class Advertising Co. has
secured the front half of
the ninth floor of the
Caxton Building, 334 Dear-
born Street, Chicago, with
more than 2,000 square feet
of floor space which is be-
ing equipped with the most
modern conveniences for
the transaction of a mod-
ern advertising business
along class lines. I shall be
glad to talk about my
special service system
which was originated and
developed liy me and has
been successful!)' used in
behalf of many advertisers.

Frank B. White

Counsellor at Advertising
334 Dearborn St., Chicago

White's Class Advertising Co. is the
name of a new company recently organized
here in Chicago, its object being that of plac-
ing advertisements in class papers — advertis-
ing agents in the agriculiural line, principally.
Mr. Frank B. White, who has had 1" years'
experience in the business, is the president of
the company; E. J. W. Dietz, vice-president;
George W. York, treasurer; and W. C. Gray,
secretary.

On the evening of April 30, the new com-
pany gave a banquet to some of its friends
and stockholders, at the Union League Club
of Chicago, there being nearly SO present.
Dr. C. C. Miller was there, to represent the
bee-keepers. The above design, with reading
enclosed in border, appeared at each plate.
After the banquet board was cleared of its
tempting viands, addresses were delivered

along the adverlising line, with frequent very
complimentary allusions to Pres. White, the
host of the evening, whose high character and
business ability among both advertisers and
publishers are greatly appreciated. The Edi-
tor of the American Bee Journal has beeo
closely associated with Mr. White for about
10 years, and is glad to be able to endorse all
the good things said of Mr. White.

"Class Advertising" is the name of a
handsome monthly magazine published by the
Company. It is devoted to the advertising
side of the business of manufacturing and
putting on the market everything used by
those engaged in rural industries. Every
advertiser and every manufacturer of the
goods indicated should read " Class Advertis-
ing'' regularly.

The new Company starts out with excellent
prospects of a bright and profitable business
career. Any of our readers or advertisers
who may need the services of such a concern
will do well to consult them.

43dYEAP.

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 14, 1903.

No. 20.

-.]a,ja,j£,ss,ja,^i£,ja,ja,j£,je^i

^ Editorial Comments. i^

<WT!?Tr>!rW>

Hastening the Granulation of Honey is a thing that has
hardly been desired in this country heretofore, the prevention of
granulation having been the thing eagerly sought for. In Europe,
however, the hastening of granulation has been more or less discussed
for years. It is possible that in some cases it may be a matter of in-
terest in this country. It is well understood that cold helps granula-
tion. Occasional or frequent stirring is also a help, and it is said that
frequent agitation gives a finer grain. Another thing that may be
done to hasten granulation is to stir into clear honey a small portion
of candied honey, the granules serving as so many centers from which
granulation starts.

Phacelia in Germany. — A letter in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
gives a glowing account of phacelia as a forage-plant in Germany;
and many have praised it in the German bee-journals. It seems a
little strange that no California bee-keeper has anything to say about
it as a forage-plant, although it was introduced into Germany from
California. The letter referred to is as follows;

Dr. C. C. Miller says, page s, speaking of phacelia: " But no one
has told us yet about its value as a forage-plant." A Mr. Karger, of
Schreibendorf, writes: Mr. L., a practical farmer, sowed about the
middle of May, phacelia on a piece of ground that had been in pota-
toes the previous year. Notwithstanding the cold and wet weather it
grew luxuriantly, and reached an average height of 32 inches. While
the phacelia was in bloom, although Mr. L. fed it to cattle that had
been getting grass and green clover, yet they ate it voraciously. He
also noted an increase of milk in quantity and quality.

A Mr. Haunschild, of Klein-Sagewitz, says that a farmer of his
place had seven acres of phacelia; after the first cut of red clover had
been fed, the phacelia was cut while the second week in bloom. The
cows ate it with eagerness, and could hardly get enough. I think the
above testimony ought to be sufficient to encourage all those to a trial
who would like to have a bee-plant that might be grown in quantity
to fill out a gap in the honey-flow, while its value as feed (green or
hay) would pay the farmer for his trouble and expense, apart from its
value as a honey-yielding plant. Phacelia begins to bloom about six
weeks after sowing, and care should be taken not to sow it too thick.

Giving Frames of Brood from one colony to another is a
matter that requires some judgment. If the object be to strengthen
the colony to which the brood is given, then the more mature the
brood the better, for giving a frame of brood about ready to emerge is
much the same as giving the same quantity of young bees a tew days
later. It must be remembered, however, that it is also the same as
taking bees from the colony that furnishes the comb, and it is gen-
erally very poor policy to strengthen a weak colony at the expense of
a stronger one early in the season.

There are cases, however, in which, even early in the season,
there may be a decided gain by giving brood from one colony to
another. Sometimes a colony is found with a good force of lx;es, but
without a queen, or having a young queen not yet laying, perhaps
just emerged. Give to such a colony as many frames of brood as the
bees can cover, but let the brood be as yonn;/ ,ix poxxible. If you take
from a strong colony a comb of eggs or very young brood, and then
put in the middle of the brood-nest an empty comb, or one containing
honey, it will be promptly occuijied by the queen, and thus you will
have at the end of three weeks the bees produced from two combs in-
stead of the one. So long as you may think it desirable for any rea-
son to continue a colony that has not a laying queen, you will tind it

policy to furnish it wilh brood from other colonies, always as young
as possible. If a young queen not yet laying is present, it is believed
that the presence of young brood will in many cases hasten her laying.

Bees as Messengers. — Perhaps two or more years ago accounts
were given of experiments across the sea in which bees were used
somewhat as carrier pigeons, and now a clipping from the Toledo
Blade has been received which probably refers to the same experi-
ments. M. Tagnac fastened pieces of paper to bees at a distance from
their homes, and when they returned to their hives they could not
enter because the entrance was made too small for them to pull the
paper through. The success of the experiments was based on the
ascertained fact that bees would find their homes at a distance of 4
miles.

The likelihood is that there has been nothing new in this line, and
that the old item has simply been furbished up for the sake of filling
up. A bee would hardly find its home at a distance of 3 miles, much
less 4, unless it had previously been over the same ground, and en-
cumbered with a weight the distance would be still shorter. It ie not
likely that bees will ever be regularly employed to carry messages.

Hatching Eggs Over Bees.— We have received the following
on this subject, which was up several years ago;

Editor York : — I enclose you a clipping to ascertain whether you
can substantiate the statements therein made. As I keep poultry in
connection with bees, it is quite a discovery, if true.

Kitsap Co., Wash. W. F. Bragg.

The clipping sent by Mr. Bragg reads as follows;

HATCHING EGGS WITH BEES.

John Norton, of Illinois, has, for several years, been interested in
bees, and has given them and their habits much study. It was this
study that led Mr. Norton to devise one of the most interesting, and at
the same time, most practical schemes of modern poultry culture. It
is nothing more nor less than the hatching of thrifty and strong chick-
ens in hives with the bees.

In watching the daily life of the busy insects, Mr. Norton noted
that they laid and hatched eggs. It at once occurred to him that if
bees' eggs would hatch, that the eggs of hens might also be quickened
into life under the same conditions. He began experimenting, and
with the final result of a practical, perfect, and cheap incubator. It is
made as follows : A common hive is built with double walls, the dead
space being filled with chaff in order that changes of temperature
without may affect as little as possible the temperature within. Upon
this hive is placed the common box cap that usually forms the second
story of a hive, and which contains the honey of commerce. The
main hive is filled with small boxes so familiar to all, and these con-
tain the brood-comb and a supply of honey. Over these boxes is
placed first a piece of oil-cloth and second a cloth blanket. Upon this
blanket the eggs are placed, and above them two bags of chaff, filling
the top, and so arranged that there is a slight cone of vacant space
beneath the bags in the hive. The eggs, having been placed in the
hive, are left to the care of the bees. The heat from the bees below,
and from the brood-comb, keeps the eggs warm, and they hatch in ex-
actly the same time as beneath a hen. No matter what the tempera-
ture without, that within never varies halt a degree. If it grows cold
the bees begin to devour the honey and give off heat. If it becomes
warm without, the bees create a draft with their wings, and maintain
an even temperature.

From .50 fertile eggs, at three dilferent times placed in the hive,
Mr. Norton has hatched .50 strong chicks, a record seldom equalled by
hen or incubator. The eggs require no moistening as in an incubator.
They need only to be placed there and allowed to remain till the period
of incubation is passed. The chicks, as they hatch, crawl into the lit-
tle cone-like space between and under the bags of chaff, and are found
hungry and happy when the hive is opened. Mr. Norton is to be con-
gratulated on the success of this experiment.

We sent the foregoing to Dr. C. C. Miller, who has this to say
about it :

I read that clipping to a friend who is somewhat familiar with
both bees and poultry, and after reading it, I said, "What do you

308

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

think of it*'" The answer came very promptly, '• I don't believe it."
I am Btrongly inclined to the same way of thinking. There have been
reports of hens' eggs being hatched out over a bee-hive, but that a
bee-hive could come into successful competition with a good incubator
or a respectable biddy seems very doubtful. If eggs need turning in
an incubator or under a hen, why should the turning not be needed
over a colony of bees ! The heat might be sufficient in a spell of very
hot weather, but in a chilly night it is not very likely that the heat
from acolony of bees would be sufficient to answer. Of course, I don't
know; I'm only saying how it looks to me. One thing gives away
the story as being written by some one not well versed in bee-matters:
" The main hive is filled with small boxes so familiar to all, and these
contain the brood-comb and a supply of honey." That is, the brood-
chamber is tilled with sections! C. C. Miller.

And now comes Dr. G. P. Hachenberg. of Travis Co., Tex., who
gives his experience as follows :

Editor York; — After carefully testing the temperature of a
small colony of bees confined in one story, I placed a layer of fresh
chicken eggs in the bottom of the second story, loosely wrapped in
some woolen flannel. The eggs were separated from the bees with a
newspaper, and carefully dated, so as to be sure to have them removed
after the period of their incubation. They were set at large before the
shells were fully broken, to guard them against the attack of the bees.
The eggs required occasional turning, but no moisture.

In regard to the nursing of the little chicks, I had at the same
da'e on the eggs set a hen with about 1,5 eggs with like date. These
would come to maturity about the same lime. After the chicks were
hatched by the bees they were united to those of the hen. making in
all a brood of 25 or 30 iittle chickens. These large broods are often
seen in this climate, uniting the broods of one or more hens, and put-
ting them under the care of one hen.

Some years ago I think I reported to you having a hen hatching
eggs close to a bee-hive; the object was to prevent a valuable dog
from eating the eggs. The dog had a great horror of bees, and he
never went near those eggs, and the experiment proved a success.

G. P. Hachenberg.

When doctors disagree, who shall decide! We can't act as um-
pire in this game. Mr. Bragg would better try it for himself.

i Association Notes. ^

Mr. Wm. a. Selser, of Philadelphia, Pa., has been appointed
by the Executive Committee of the National, to succeed the late
Thomas G. Newman, as member of the Board of Directors.

Mr. Udo Toepperwein, of San Antonio, Tex., has been ap-
pointed by the Executive Committee of the National, to succeed Mr.
A. I. Root, as member of the Board of Directors. Mr. Root resigned
recently.

The Chicago Northwestern Convention Report will be re-
sumed after publishing the proceedings of several other conventions
which can be disposed of at the rate of about one a week. After that
the Chicago-Northwestern will be continued until completed. We
have copy of all the last day's proceedings, which are very interesting
indeed. We regret that we have not the room to spare to finish up a
lengthy report in a less number of issues. But sweetness long drawn
out is best sometimes, we suppose.

HoRBAH FOR Illinois ! — The State Legislature has passed the
Bill in the interest of bee-keepers in this State. The last we heard it
needed only the signature of the Governor to make it a law. The
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association has full charge of the $1,000
provided in the Bill, and also the expenditure of the same.

The provisions of the Bill are quite general, so that the funds can
be used for various purposes for the benefit of bee-keeping in the
State. We have no doubt that the officers of the State Association
will see that is expended wisely, and that much good will result from
its use. We think the first thing needed is to provide one or more foul
brood inspectors, who shall visit apiaries diseased, and thought to be
diseased, and thus endeavor to rid the State of foul brood, or any
other bee-disease as rapidly as possible.

We give herewith a copy of the Bill as passed :
A BILL

For an Act making an appropriation for the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association.

Whereas, The members of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation have for years given much time and labor without compensa-

tion in the endeavor to promote the interests of the bee-keepers of the
State; and

Whereas, The importance of the industry to the farmers and
fruit-growers of the State warrants the expenditure of a reasonable
sum for the holding of annual meetings, the publication of reports
and papers containing practical information concerning bee-keeping,
therefore, to sustain the same and enable this organization to defray
the expenses of annual meetings, publishing reports, suppressing foul
brood among bees in the State, and promote this industry in Illinois :

Section l.-^JJe It eimctnl In/ the I'euptr of tin- .Stale of Illinuii rep-
re^futed in till' llejieral Assniihhi : That there be and is hereby appro-
priated for the use of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association the
sum of one thousand dollars (.¥1,000) per annum for the years 1903 and
1904, for the purpose of advancing the growth and developing the in-
terests of the bee-keepers of Illinois, said sum to be expended under
the direction of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, for the
purpose of paying the expenses of holding annual meetings, publish-
ing the proceedings of said meetings, suppressing foul brood among
bees in Illinois, etc.

Provided. Iiiimenr, That no offieer or officers of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association shall be entitled to receive any money com-
pensation whatever for any services rendered for same.

Sec. 2. — That on the order of the President, countersigned by the
Secretary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association, and approved
by the Governor, the Auditor of Public Accounts shall draw his war-
rant on the Treasurer of the State of Illinois in favor of the Treasurer
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association for the sum herein
appropriated.

Sec. 3.— It shall be the duty of the Treasurer of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association to pay out of said appropriation, on itemized
and receipted vouchers, such sums as may be authorized by vote of
said organization on the order of the President, countersigned by the
Secretary, and make annual report to the Governor of all such expen-
ditures, as provided by law.

Mr. N. E. France, General Manager of the National Bee-Keep-
ers" Association, informs us that several members whose bees have be-
come an annoyance to neighbors, have had legal proceedings begun
against them to remove their bees. They now want the National to
stand by them. Mr. France says that first he must know the whole
history of each case before he can advise the best procedure. He says
that too many have bees in cities that are an annoyance, and can and
should be removed, or the public protected in some way. He is for
peace and good neighbors, employing lawsuits to settle matters only
as a last resort.

Several large bee-keepers' associations have lately sent in the
dues of their members.

Mr. France is after a honey-adulterating firm. He says he has
good evidence, and will soon " come down " on them.

Mr. France is doing all he can to push the work of the National.
He is indeed a very busy man, as a good General Manager properly
should be if he does all that needs to be done in order to make the
Association effective in the interest of its members.

\ % The YVeekly Budget. * \

Mr. .John Nebel, senior member of the firm of .John Nebel &
Son, of High Hill, Mo., died May 5, in his lOth year. The old bee-
keepers seem to be fast passing away.

The Apiary op A. J. Kilgobe appears on the front page this
week. When sending the photograph Mr. Kilgore wrote as follows:

I have 34 colonies in good condition. They are kept on the rear
of my lot. The picture shows the rear end of the house; it shows also
myself, but I am not particular about calling especial attention to this
part of the picture. The small trees shown are fruit-trees — cherry,
apple, pear, plum, and apricot.

I have kept bees more or less for 40 years, and find great pleasure
in working with them, and in the study of their habits. The summer
of 1901 was good for honey-production ; my bees then averaged 9G
pounds of comb honey per colony ; but the summer of 1902 was very
unfavorable, the average being about 30 pounds of comb honey. The
fall flow, however, was good, so they laid in sutKcient supply for
winter.

I winter the bees on the summer stands packed well in planer-
shavings. I have had a few cases of foul brood, but I treated them
very successfully by the McEvoy plan. I rear my own supply of
queens, buying one only occasionally to get a little fresh blood. I
keep no queen more than two years, exchanging them for young
ones. This I consider a very important item in the p'rofitable man-
agement of bees. A. J. Kilgore.

Mr. Kilgore certainly has a beautiful home. He looks happy and
contented with his lovely surroundings.

May 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

309

Report of Vermont Bee-Keepers' Convention.

BV M. l". CKAM, SKC.

The meeting of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association
was held at South Hero, Jan. 28, 1903. It was a joint meet-
ing with the Horticultural Society, they holding their meet-
ing the day before, and the last evening there was a joint
discussion between the two societies.

The bee-keepers' meeting was opened with a song by
Prof. W. N. Phelps, entitled, " Good Old Summertime;"
prayer was offered by Mr. Story ; the minutes of the last
meeting were read and approved, and the following com-
mittees were then appointed :

On Nominations — V. V. Blackmer and R. H. Holmes.

On Resolutions — M. F. Cram and H. L. Leonard.

REQUEENING .\ND OTHER MATTERS.

R. H. Holmes begged leave to digress from his subject
a little at the beginning. Grand Isle Count}' is a great
place for fruit-growers and bee-keepers. The best bees are
what we want for the fertilization of fruit. The islands
are long enough for any bee, but not wide enough for large
apiaries, but every fruit-grower should keep a few colonies
of bees for the fertilization of fruit.

Some young man should keep on hand all the bee-sup-
plies, so that any one can go there and get them.

Beginners should not buy high-priced bees, but should
requeen later, if thought best. When a queen becomes
worthless the apiarist should destroy it and give the colony
another queen, or brood from which to rear one. The bet-
ter way would be to buy a queen of some good, reliable
breeder. Beginners should not get more than two colonies
to start with, but should procure one or two standard books
on apiculture.

Mr. Brodie, who is in the employ of the Canadian gov-
ernment, gave a talk on the " Spraying of Fruit-Trees." He
said trees should be sprayed before the blossom is open, and
again soon after the blossoms fall, but never while in bloom.
The water would injure the fruit, even if there were no
arsenoids in it.

V.iLUE OF BEES TO THE FRUIT-GROWER.

"Of what value are the bees to the fruit-grower ?"

Mr. Leonard said that the bees carry pollen from one
blossom to another, thereby causing the fruit to set. He
also said that small bees helped some in this work, but
honey-bees did the best of all. Trees have been covered,
thereby excluding the bees, but such trees produce no per-
fect fruit.

Mr. Cram spoke of the value of bees in raising buck-
wheat. The more honey you get the more grain you get.
One man in Virginia thought he could get rich raising pear-
trees. He set out a large number of Bartlett pear-trees.
He got no pears, for the reason that his pears were all of
one variety. He sold out to another man who tried it, but
with the same result. He sold to a man who set out another
variety of pear-trees, thereby obtaining a cross-fertilization
of the two kinds by means of the bees, and obtained an
abundance of fruit. He said he had a plum-tree which had
never borne any fruit, with the exception of a few scrubs.
Last spring he broke a branch from another tree and hung
it in that one, and obtained an abundance of fruit.

The Italian bees are the best fertilizers for clover, while
the black bees are the best for buckwheat.

SHAKEN SWARMS— SAINFOIN— COMB FOUNDATION.

Mr. Blackmer said he preferred to let bees swarm nat-
urally.

Prof. Shutt— On the Experimental Farm at Ottawa,
Canada, John Fixter, the man who runs the station, said
sainfoin was a very good plant for honey. Prof. Shutt said
he had tried several experiments to see if bees would injure
fruit, but he had never known bees to injure sound fruit.

In his remarks about foundation he said if we use very
thin foundation the bees have to manufacture wax. If it is
too thick it leaves a " fish-bone ;" the medium-weight foun-
ation being the best.

Unripe honey had done some damage to the market.
Extracted honey had been known to absorb IS to 20 percent

of water, and usually had IS percent when taken from the
bees. Honey sV.ould be kept dry and warm.

The afternoon session opened by two recitations from
C. W. ScarQ', one entitled, '• His Uncle Hi's Sunshine Fac-
tory," and the other, " When I Get Rich," both of which
were very entertaining.

The secretary's and treasurer's reports were read and
approved.

THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

Another year has rolled around since last we met to talk
over together our mutual interests as bee-keepers, our hopes
and fears, our progress and our failures.

The past season in northern New England was quite
unusual. Not since 1872 have we had such a rainy summer,
and even that unusual summer was less cold than the past
season, and yet, notwithstanding the cold and wet, the bees,
as a rule in northern New England, have done well, having-
stored enough for winter, and surplus sufficient to repay
their master for his timely care and attention.

We are in many respects highly favored here in Ver-
mont, so far as concerns the health and vigor of our bees.
While in most of our Northern States foul brood has been
and is still doing great harm to bee-keeping interests, our
State, so far as I know, is entirely free from this dread dis-
ease. It is true that what is known as " pickled brood " has
made its appearance, but, so far, has done far less harm
than was feared when it first appeared.

For the best grades of honey the price has ruled higher
the past few months than for several years past. While
this may be in part owing to light crops in other sections,
there is reason to believe that the general prosperity of the
country has much to do with it.

There is also a growing demand for honey as a whole-
some and delicious article of food, in many families where
it was in the not distant past unknown.

A few years ago it was almost unknown in the grocery
trade. To-day no well-equipped grocery store is without it.
There appears also to be an intelligent and growing demand
for extracted honey, and I have noted with some satisfac-
tion that our Vermont extracted honey sells higher than
any other in our larger cities. We might perhaps have ex-
pected this while Vermont comb honey is preferred to any
other brand.

There has been, I am sure, some advance the past year
in the improvement of our stock. Recent study has shown
very conclusively that there is as much difference in a given
number of colonies of bees as regards their productiveness
as there is in the same number of dairy cows. Our best api-
arists are taking advantage of this fact, and breeding from
their most productive stock. And while we can not, as yet,
control the mating of our queens as with other domestic
animals, I believe we can improve our bees quite as fast by
rearing our queens from selected stock.

While we have no reason to complain or take a pessi-
mistic view of the future, yet there are some things we may
as well frankly admit as not altogether hopeful. The noble
linden trees— the pride of our forests— are fast disappearing
before the ax of the lumberman. We feel quite sure that
the new growth does not nearly make good that cut down
from year to year. Whether alsike clover, which has be-
come fully naturalized in our Champlain valley, will make
the loss of basswood good, it is yet too early to decide. I
believe it will go a long way towards it. It winters much
better than white clover, and, when sufficiently wet, comes
up in old meadows, along the roadside, and in unlooked-for
places, as well as in well-tilled fields where the seed has
been sown by the hand of man. I have no doubt that dur-
ing the past season there were several thousand acresof
this clover within range of ray bees, to say nothing of white
clover and other honey-yielding plants.

Much may be done, however, to retain our basswood
forests. I know one extensive bee-keeper who has pur-
chased a large block of land near his home that he may
control the growth of basswood now standing, as well as
the young trees that come up freely and mature rapidly
when protected by larger trees. This will furnish basswood
bloom as well as wood and limber for untold time.

The production of alfalfa honey in more than a half
doze-J of our Western States, is a fact that must be reckoned
with. In a recent business trip through Nebraska, Wyom-
ing, Idaho, Utah and Colorado. I was surprised at the rapid
strides that are being made in the cultivation of this val-
uable forage-plant.

The Rocky Mountains may be to-day considered as one
vast cattle-pasture, while the valleys, where water can be
had, are covered with alfalfa. More than this, east of this
grand range of mountains, is a broad belt too dry for corn

310

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

or grain or Eastern grasses where this dry-weather clover
seems to thrive most luxuriantly. And I hardly need to add
that it furnishes food for bees as well as for cattle and
sheep. Already alfalfa honey is more abundant than the
far-famed white sage of California. The population of
these alfalfa States is sparse, and most of the honey comes
East in car-load lots. A few years since, I went to a large
dealer in one of our New England cities, hoping to sell him
my entire crop. Although early in the season, I found him
stacking up a car-load of honey from Colorado, which he
had bought. Suffice to say I did not sell my own.

Alfalfa honey, both comb and extracted, is beautiful to
look at ; as white or whiter than our best basswood honey,
with a flavor, to my mind, much inferior to our clover or
basswood. It granulates quickly, which may account for
its being regarded with less favor than Eastern honey, and
selling for a less price. I do not, therefore, believe it can
compete with our comb honey. It may be ditferent with
extracted honey.

During the last two or three years a renewed interest
has sprung up in bee-keeping in Cuba, and many bee-keep-
ers have gone to that wonderful island to engage in their
favorite pursuit, and are building up apiaries with marvel-
ous productiveness. What the results will be no one can
tell. The honey is probably not equal to our Northern
honey. The great bulk of it is extracted or " strained," and
finds a market on the other side of the broad Atlantic. But
the Yankee bee-keeper in Cuba is not satisfied with two
cents a pound for his honey, although produced in great
abundance, and already he is shipping comb honey to New
York. Upon his success in this venture will depend in some
measure the future price of honey during the latter part of
winter, at least. How well we may be able to meet this in-
flux of honey from Cuba and the far West, is a question for
our consideration and most careful solution. One way I
will at this time suggest, is the opening up of new markets,
or increasing the demand where it is already known. In
1860 the New York market was broken down by what was
then considered an enormous amount of honey — 20,000
pounds. To-day that market will take hundreds of thous-
ands of pounds of honey without a thought of being over-
stocked.

There is, I believe, a good and growing demand for ex-
tracted honey for table use, and this should be encouraged,
as honey in this form is of almost as great value as food as
butter at half its cost in the open markets.

During the past season I have made some experiments
in securing white combs, or, rather, in preventing travel-
stains, with fairly good success. The past season has been
bad for the staining of combs, and yet, with a large num-
ber, I was able entirely to prevent it, or greatly reduce it,
by the use of a properly constructed honey-board. I dis-
liked to use or try even this remedy, fearing it would reduce
the amount of surplus, but I have not found any serious
objection.

My experience, the past year, with bleaching combs
somewhat stained, has been quite satisfactory, thereby
placing some six or seven thousand combs into the first
grade, that otherwise would properly have been placed in a
grade below.

1 am also well pleased to state at this time that I am
quite satisfied with the plain section and fences, giving
bees free passage-ways around the edges of sections, as well
as through the fences from one to another.

During the last few months some considerable space,
in some of our bee-papers, has been given to the discussion
of brushed swarms, or, more properly, forced swarms, for
the purpose of preventing natural swarms. From my ex-
perience along this line I am led to believe that it at least
promises well. Having practiced it to some extent for many
years, I believe it is of much value in yards of bees that we
can not visit more than once a week ; that it will to a large
extent control swarming, and at the same time give us a
fair yield of honey. J. E. Crane.

Mr. Leonard wished to know whether sunshine would
bleach combs without the use of sulphur. Mr. Crane said
it could, but not as easily, nor is it as practical as with
sulphur and common light.

A BEE-KBEPEk'S TKADE-MAKK — OTHER SUBJECTS.

Mr. Leonard said that a bee-keeper certainly should if
he is an honest and practical man. The Government should
make people mark their honey, and all other produce.
Honey should not be faced, but should all be alike in the
same case.

Mr. Crane would store honey in a chamber; high tem-
perature is the best place in which to store.

How best to destroy queen-cells ? Cut them out with a
knife.

What is the cost of a queen-bee ? From three to five
dollars.

How shall we treat the new swarm so it will be less
likely to start for Canada ? Hive it in a clean hive, put in
foundation or drawn comb, if you have it, or a frame of
brood from some other swarm, and without queen-cells, is
better still. Remove to a shady place as soon as hived ; the
farther from the place where they clustered the better.

A committee appointed one year ago to see if the bee-
keepers and horticulturists would unite, reported it not
practical.

V. V. Blackmer gave an interesting account of his six
years' experience in bee-keeping in Florida. How the first
winter he was there the big freeze came which wiped out
thousands of acres of orange-groves, and killed nearly all
of the honey-producing plants, and for the last eight years
the bees have hardly made a living over the greater part of
that State.

A vote of thanks was tendered the Canadian friends for
their help in this convention.

Mr. Crane gave a talk on " Improving the Honey-Bee."

The committee on nominations reported the following :
President, O. J. Lowrev ; Secretary, V. V. Blackmer, of
Orwell ; Treasurer, H. L. Leonard ; Vice-Presidents : for
Addison Co., G. C. Spencer; Orange Co., M. F. Cram;
Rutland Co., V.N.Forbes; Lamoille Co., E. K. Seaver ;
and Chittenden Co., C. M. Rice.

The committee on resolutions made the following report :

"We, the members of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, do hereby tender our most sincere thanks to the
people of South Hero for the very cordial reception they
have given us, and for their baunteous provisions for the
inner, as well as the spiritual and social, man.

" We would also thank our visitors from over the Cana-
dian line for the insight they gave us into the doings of
their Government — in our as well as kindred pursuits.

" Also to Prof. L. R. Jones for his address, and to the
railroad companies who granted reduced rates to the con-
vention." M. F. Cram, /
H. L. Lbon.\rd, \

Com.

Contributed Articles. \

No. 3.

Scientific Queen-Rearing "
Combines All.

Book

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

I HAVE waited since writing what I did on page 569 of
the American Bee Journal for 1902, for the " smoke of bat-
tle " to clear a little on the queen-rearing subject, to see
just what would be brought out in this matter. Many good
things have been said, and many valuable ideas brought to
light, the same being somewhat mixed with extravagant
assertions, and, in some instances, rather immoderate lan-
guage. For the good ideas and valuable things brought
out, all ought to be extremely thankful. I believe that I,
for one, have been much profited by this discussion, and
wish here and now to thank those who have spent their
time and talent in writing up this matter for the readers of
the " oldest bee-paper in the world."

Then I see that some errors have crept into the minds
of some, one of which is that Dr. Miller and others seem to
think that Doolittle fully endorsed the "umbilical cord"
idea, advanced by Dr. Gallup. This was not my intention,
for I never claimed to know what the attachment was that I
found holding the imago queen to the royal jelly. I had al-
ways supposed that it was Nature's means to keep the im-
mature queen from resting on her head while she was being
perfected in the cell, until I read the opinion of Dr. Gallup,
and I am quite inclined to that opinion still. What I did
intend to show was, that if there was any virtue in that
" missing link " matter, such virtue was always present
where queens were reared by the plan given in " Scientific
Queen-Rearing;" and that Dr. Gallup was mistaken in

Mav 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

311

classing all queens reared by that plan among those he
•called worthless. And I think those who read aiij^'^ht else
into what I said on page 56') (l'»()2) will see their mistake by
turning to that page and reading the matter over again.

In fact, I cannot see that all this write-up does Httle
more than to emphasize the principles as laid down in the
book above referred to, doing this by laying a little stronger
claims to these principles than was done in the book, (lal-
lup's whole claim is based on queens being reared in rous-
ing colonies at a time when the bees are inclined to rear
queens, either from the swarming impluse, or from super-
sedure of queens. And this is just the ground taken by the
writer of " Scientific Qneen-Rearing." So my old teacher,
and the author of "Scientific Oueen-Rearing," agree ex-
actly. All the author does is to show how queens can be
reared by the Dr. Gallup way at the will of the apiarist.

Mr. Alley claims that the best queens can be reared by
giving eggs or larva; to rightly "conditioned " nurse-bees
which, with or without the help of other colonies, nurses
and care for this brood so given, that the best of long-lived
queens are produced. This point is also covered by " Scien-
tific Oueen-Re^ring," in that it provides for these same
nurse-bees, rightly conditioned to produce perfect success in
their manipulation of the little larva; given them to mature
into the best of long-lived queens ; and does the same with
less eiTort on the part of the apiarist than is necessary
where the bees to build the cells must be sought out, "scien-
tifically treated," confined in a box for a certain length of
time, etc.

Then it exactly fills the bill of Mr. Riker, in that it pro-
vides for a laying mother being present at just the time
when bees rear only queens which give those long-lived
workers which hold out during the whole honey harvest, that
enables the apiarist to secure the full results of the honey-
flow, and which could not be obtained by queens giving
bees with shortened lives.

In short, the plan given in " Scientific Queen-Rearing "
combines the large hives with rousing colonies under the
" swarming or superseding impluse," which " manufacture
a large amount of electricity, heat or vitality," of Dr. Gal-
lup; the "conditioned" nurse-bees, wanting a queen, of
Mr. Alley ; the rearing of queens when the " mother is pre-
sent," of Mr. Riker; the selecting of those of the "proper
age" for queen-rearing without interference of "older
bees," of Messrs. Pratt and Simpson; and the "tempera-
ture and humidity," through plenty of nurse-bees and food
in abundance, (from feeders when the same was not coming
from the fields), of Mr. A. C. Miller ; and is perfectly
adapted to the wants of any bee-keeper, from the one hav-
ing only two or three colonies, up to the one numbering his
colonies by the hundreds or thousands. And there need be
no limit as to size of colony used, in the large direction.
Dr. Gallup"s biggest colony can be used just as successfully
as can one fully occupying a 10-frame hive, or one just
ready to swarm in a two-story 8 frame hive. Just slip
in a queen-excluding division-board, so as to enclose from
three to five frames of young brood in the warmest part of
the hive, thus shutting the queen away from them, and you
are ready to proceed at once in rearing queens of the high-
est grade possible to obtain under any of the conditions
named by any of the plans or theories advocated by any one
during the past five years ; and those which will be just as
long-lived and give just as long-lived workers.

The principle is the same, whether we use upper stories
with a queen-excluder between ; a very strong colony with
three or four frames of young brood shut away from the
queen, by a queen-excluding partition being slipped down
into the hive; or the same number of frames of young
brood being shut away from the queen in the center of one
of Dr. Gallup's big colonies in his 40 or SO frame hives.
And it would take quite a stretch of imagination for one
who has carefully read " Scientific Ijueen-Rearing, " to con-
ceive the idea that the author claimed that the reason that
perfect, long-lived queens were reared by that plan, "was
just because cell-cups are used." Yet some are trying to
prejudice against the plan on those very grounds. The
cell-cups are only a convenience, not a necessity. I have
reared just as good queens by this plan with strips of comb
having eggs and young larva;- in the cells, killing every
other, or two out of every three larvae, a la Alley, and with
larva; transferred into every other cell of a strip of drone-
comb, as recommended by others ; but, as a whole, tieither
of these are nearly so convenient as the cell-cups.

Some seem to think that nothing has been said or writ-
ten about long-lived bees and queens till of late. Tliisis
not so. Dr. Gallup does not stand alone in this matter,
neither is it a new thing. This part has been emphasized

during the past, by one of Canada's greatest honey-produc-
ers. Mr. J. B. Hall ; also by Mr. Riker, Doolittle and others ;
but if I am right, Mr. Hall was the pioneer in calling atten-
tion to the matter. There is great advantage in such queens
and bees, especially where the latter are reared with an eye
on the coming harvest.

Regarding the many queens purchased by Messrs.
(iallup and Alley being worthless, I take it they were speak-
ing metaphorically. I cannot think they fully meant what
their language would convey. As Dr. Gallup alludes to the
matter of an exchange of queens between him and Dr.
Hamlin's best and prolific queens proved in the other's
hands to be the same worthle.s's degenerates (?), which would
not keep two or three frames filled with brood with all the
coaking at these Doctors" command, these queens being
similar after the exchange to those which have been so
roundly and immoderately condemned, it would appear that
such language conveyed more than was really intended.

And as proof of this I will say that I had one of those
worthless (?) Hamlin queens sent me as a premium for se-
curing the most subscribers to a certain bee-paper in a
given time. The queen came in June, and as she was from
one of the best breeders of the seventies, I thought to give
her the best possible chance, which I did. Imagine my sur-
prise to find that with all my extra care and coaxing, I
could get her to put eggs in only three Gallup frames, and
very scattering at that. I came very near pinching her
head off in the fall, but finally concluded to give the colony
frames of brood and honey from other colonies, and thus
the colony was gotten through the winter. The next season
she proved no better than she had the year before, and I
have no doubt Dr. Gallup would have called her a " worth-
less degenerate," and Mr, Alley would have alluded to her
as "worthless as a house-fly." Was she thus ? Well, we
shall see.

I had her in my hand one day, being just about to pinch
the life out of her, when the thought arrested me, that Dr.
Hamlin would not send me a worthless queen as a premium,
and that I would rear a few queens from her, which thing I
did, she dying soon afterward, of apparent old age. All of
these young queens proved to be extra good ones, and one
of them was the mother of the colony which gave me 566
pounds of honey in 1877, and was used in laying the founda-
tion of my present apiary. 466 pounds of this honey sold
at 20 cents-per pound, and 100 at 15 cents, the total cash re-
sulting from that colony that year being S108.20. Was her
mother worthless? Quite a "house-fly," wasn't she?
Stood way up by the side of the best of cows as to value !
The honey sold from this colony during that year amounted
to SS 20 more than Mr. Alley prized his SlOO queen at, and
lacked only S91.80 of giving as much cash in a single year
as the celebrated Root long tongued queen was ever valued
at. And yet, if I do not misinterpret Dr. Gallup, he would
no more have bred from that Hamlin queen than he would
from those two imported, worthless (?), degenerate (?), house-
fly (?) queens he got of A. I. Root, which he tells us about
on page 423 of the American Bee Journal for 1902.

Right here is where many purchasing queens make a
great mistake : If the purchased queen does not almost im-
mediately outstrip anything they have in their apiary, she
is condemned at once as a breeder, if her head is not pinched.
I have had scores of letters telling of queens purchased
from different queen-breeders which did not do well in the
pnrchasers' hand, they condemning the breeders for send-
ing out poor, worthless queens. I generally write asking
if they have reared any young queens from them, and the
reply generally is, " No, I killed the queen," or, " She is not
worth breeding from." A few have been pursuaded to
breed from these seemingly worthless purchased queens,
and I have several letters in my posession thanking me for
insisting on their breeding from these apparently poor
queens, for thereby they have some of the finest queens they
ever possessed.

Too much emphasis cannot be laid on the fact that it is
the daughters of the purchased queen which tell of the value
of the mother. And this is a subject which is also treated
on in " Scientific Queen-Rearing." Had those parties who
reported to Dr. Gallup that " Doolittle's queens did not turn
out right," bred from them, it is barely possible that they
might have found out that they had something similar to
what I had in that Hamlin queen. My advice to all is not
to condemn a purchased queen till you see what her daugh-
ters will do. If such daughters all appear to be poor, then
it would be quite reasonable to decide that their mother was
truely worthless.

And now, in closing this already too long article, allow
me to repeat that I am in no financial way interested in

312

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

"Scientific Oueen-Rearing-." I have written what I have
in favor of the book, because I fully believe that the bee-
keeper who follows its teaching- will be benefited thereby,
in that he or she will be enabled to rear queens superior to
those reared in any other way. Onondaga Co., N. Y.

[We mail " Scientific Queen-Rearing " for iJl.OO, bound
in cloth, or 60- cents in leatherette binding. The cloth-
bound book we club with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for $1.60 ; or the leatherette-bound book and Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.40.]

Putting Unfinished Section on the Hives.

BY AKTHUR C. MILLER.

RECENTLY, Miss Emma Wilson entered a protest
against the use of sections containing combs in which
honey of the previous season had been allowed to gran-
ulate. In the Journal for April 23, Mr. Doolittle combats
the idea that the use of such sections is in any way harmful.
When the doctors disagree the patient suffers. In this case
I think the secret of the trouble has been missed by both.

It is, I believe, the usual practice to give such sections
to the bees, in the supers, when the latter are put on for the
surplus. It is Mr. D's practice to have them cleaned out in
the spring at considerable pains and cost. Ordinarily the
sections reach the bees when they are ready to add honey to
that already in the combs, and of course such mixed
honey is bound to granulate early. Sometimes, when the
old honey has slightly soured, the whole of the new honey
in that section is turned enough to spoil it. Also some of
the neighboring sections are sometimes affected by the
transfer to them of the acid honey, such transfer being
more likely when the flow is intermittent on account of
storms, cold, etc. Few bee-keepers realize how much bees
move honey about in the hive. Mr. F. B. Simpson first
called my attention to this, and it is a most valuable discov-
ery— I mean the extent of the practice.

When honey is coming in with a rush such transferring
is lessened, but if it is coming in fast enough to have any
put into the sections, the bees vrill not remove and clean out
the old even though they may move some of it about.

The foregoing, I think, will explain the why of the de-
scribed combs causing trouble. Mr. Doolittle has his combs
cleaned out thoroughly in the spring, others have it done in
the fall. The results are the same.

Each bee-keeper must decide for himself, or herself,
whether he or she will use the wholesale fall way, or the retail
spring way; but either way, don't give the sections with
the honey in them. Have them dry.

Providence Co., R. I.

The Value of Breeding or Other Stock.

BY H. L. JEFFREY'.

I HAVE read and reread the article by Henry Alley, on
page 24, headed, " Can Good Queens be Reared by a Cup-
ful of Bees ? " There are two or three points in that ar-
ticle that interest me very much, and they are always left
as they seem to be by Mr. Alley, without any backing up
by facts or by comparison with the raw material proof
from pure and unadulterated laws of Nature. The first one
is the answers in Crude Nature to the heading question.
That one I will pass now, and take up the point where he
says, "How this statement will make Editor Hill of the
American Bee-Keeper jump." There are thousands of peo-
ple that not only jump, but they actually curse everything
and everybody, whoever it may be, that places more than
the butchers' price on anything, and the only reason for
such discarding deduction of the valuation of perpetuating
power always comes from the one idea of being cursed
with the inability to produce superiority in anything. And
the most galling thing to that class is, that in spite of their
attempt to obliterate such superiorities, that very uncon-
trollable "Old Dame Nature," so tantalizingly just keeps
poking one of her peculiar freaks just up into their sight,
and just so far out of their reach that all they can do is to
shake their fist and screech, " I wish the Devil had you ! "
But they forget to pay for a through ticket to his majesty,
so it cannot be used.

But breeding-stock has a compounded compounding
valuation. I will tell you why. A dairy-man I have known

for 40 years, has, within the past 30 years or less, actually
increased the butter quality of his own cows more than
double what it was years ago. About 30 years ago he no-
ticed that the offspring from a certain cow, and the blood of
a certain bull, always gave evidence of superior quality,
and, very quietly, and unobserved, he went to work to in-
tensify that power in the reproductive force and line. Close
inbreeding was resorted to, to a considerable extent, and
once that ball of inparting force became starting on its way,
and its volocity increased its own force, that dairy more
than doubled its butter yield from the same number of cows,
and therefore decreased the actual cost of production, which
in the actual sense not only gave double the profit, but was
4 to 1. Doubling the yield per cow, actually reduced the ex-
pense more than one-half; double the yield, made one less
cow to keep for the same result. One less cow to keep for
the same results made room to keep one more cow to pro-
duce double the result, which is actually twice 2 are 4, or an
actual '4 profit against even cost and income ; besides that,
his intensifying the reproductive powers gave alike percent-
age value to all his neighbors that raised calves from their
cows by his bull ; and in dollars and cents added to the
value of that man's breeding bull in ratio that his offspring
became numerous.

This is not a fanciful sketch, but a solid, hard-pan,
solid-rock, and past approvable fact, and one of those laws
of the Old Dame, that cannot be drowned out of sight.

But some will say, " A breeding bull and a queen are
not a particle alike." Well, just keep thinking so, and say-
ing so, but suppose they both could speak and say, " You
lie." Eh ? They act it out ; actions speak louder than
words, or my eyes are without sight. But it is just the same
with bees, only a less time required to produce the same
results.

Only 12 years ago I saw 150 colonies of bees containing
the daughters of one queen that produced more than double
the quantity of honey that was produced by 200 colonies
containing the haphazard, come-as-you-please queens.
There was the close selection for quality followed up for
seven generations to produce the superior qualities. The
ISO queens were all reared in one season, the same persons
owing the 200 other colonies owned the ISO queens, and their
mother was worth just as much more than any other com-
mon queen as her progeny produced more pounds of honey
than the common stock. Furthermore, if from that queen
10,000 queens had been reared, and each of their colonies
produced only $1.00 more in honey than the common, aver-
age queen, that identical queen is actually worth the small
sum of $10,000 to the bee-keepers at large; and then select-
ing from her daughters a very few breeders of like produc-
tive powers, that $10,000 is again compounded. And deny
it if you can ; but remember that " Whosoever speaketh the
same, speaketh a lie, and the truth is not in him." Figures
prove 1 from 2 but one remains ; Nature proves 1 from 2,
and 3 remain ; or 8 from 2, and you have 10.

Litchfield Co., Conn.

\ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters \

Conducted bu EMMft M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Mr. Doolittle and the Sisters.

The kind words from Mr. Doolittle about the "
Department" are thoroughly appreciated. Many
for the same.

Unfinished Sections Used as Baits.

Sisters
thanks

Mr. Doolittle asks the question, " Why would Miss Wil-
son consider bait-sections spoiled because honey had candied
in them ?"

I consider them spoiled because it is difficult, if not im-
possible, to get the granules entirely cleaned out, and be-
cause such granules present act as a center to start further
granulation.

Mr. Doolittle asks : "Can't the bees clean sections or
the cells of the honey-comb as clean in the spring as in the
fall ?"

Probably they can, if the honey is in the same condi-

Miy 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

313

tion one time as another ; but it is more likely to be can-
died in the sprinff, and then the job of spring-cleauinfj is
very different from fall-cleaning-.

He asks : " Can't they clean them c/^a« and free from
honey, whether candied or otherwise, in the spring, sum-
mer, or fall ?"

Yes, I think they can. But it doesn't matter whether
they can or not, if they won't. As a matter of fact, our bees
don't clean out candied honey the same as they do liquid
honey, and this is not "a belief in an old assertion, taking
it for granted it was true," but a fact that I have seen
demonstrated many and many a time. Any one can prob-
ably see the same thing demonstrated in almost any case
in which a colony has been robbed out in the spring. The
liquid honey will be taken, but the candied honey will be
left, every time. The granules seem to be to the bees no
more than so many grains of sand, and they are only re-
moved, apparently, just so far as it may be necessary to
remove them in order to get at the liquid honey.

Even if the bees should clean out the candied honey as
well as the liquid, there would be an objection to the waste,
for the bees throw away all the granules they carry out of
the cells.

Mr. Doolittle tells about using sections for stimulative
feeding, and says :

" Opening hives a week after they have been so treated,
I have found them with more than doubled brood, and
thought I was doing a nice thing in this way. But Miss
Wilson says not."

I hardly think Miss Wilson ever said anything about it.
She thinks he would be doing not only a nice thing, but a
very nice thing to have " more than doubled brood " in a
week's time. But she would prefer that the feed should be
given some other way than in sections of candied honey,
and Mr. Doolittle will probably agree that for stimulation
it would be better to have thinner feed, and that at least
part sugar would be cheaper.

Mr. Doolittle asks if I have tried fall-cleaned and spring-
cleaned sections side by side. No, I never made any exact
comparison. I would do so this year if I could find any sec-
tions containing any candied honey. But our honey has
kept too well for that. Nearly a hundred sections are on
top of the kitchen safe, most of them having some unsealed
cells, but I can not find a single cell that shows the least
sign of granulation.

But I think several have reported in the past years (I
can not name them novr), that their sectiions have been
spoiled when spring-cleaned ones were used. If Mr. Doo-
little succeeds, others may not be so fortunate.

It is probably not necessary to say that the least gran-
ule left in a cell will serve as a starting-point for further
granulation ; all scientists are agreed upon that ; the only
question is whether the bees will clean out the granules.
The fact that I have seen so many cases in which the liquid
was a/l emptied out of the cells and the granules left is
pretty good proof; but if any of the sisters, or indeed of
the brothers, have any sections of candied honey, by all
means let us have them tried. If Mr. Doolittle is right we
ought to know it.

Rightly managed, there is no need of having our beau-
tiful sections torn. We have had thousands of them so
cleaned without being torn in the least. Wrongly managed,
they will be torn either spring or fall.

Lotion for Whitening the Skin.

The following is given in the "Health and Beauty De-
partment" of the Chicago Daily News, as a good and harm-
less lotion for whitening the skin :

"Pure honey (extracted) four ounces; glycerine, one
ounce ; rose water, one ounce ; citic acid, three drams ;
essence of ambergris or essence of rose, six drops.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full yearin advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free— if you will mention it.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

« The Afterthought. ^ \

The "Old Reliable" seen throuKh New and Unreliable QIassei.
By B. B. HASTY, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O.

CHAFF HIVES IN DIFFERENT LOCALITIES.

So in Wisconsin they don't take to chaff hives at all.
In New York's best bee country they don't want anything
else. Dovfn in Missouri, Manufacturer Leahy gave his
away, because he wanted his hives all so as to carry into
the cellar easily. What snail we say, therefore ? I'll say.
If you have chaff hivesdon't give them away. I have some,
and you are not going to get them free gratis. Page 213.

THE MICELESS HONEY-ROOM.

Happy Greiner ! He has a shop and honey-room in
which there are never any mice. I suppose hundreds of the
brethren intended so ; but, alas, the chasm between inten-
tion and realization 1 It's all just so as it ought to be — to
put sections in the intended-to-be-mouse-proof box inside
the intended-to-be-mouse-proof room. Honey-keeping by
Double Entry better than honey-keeping by Single Entry.
Page 214.

THE "POOR SEASON" AND "POOR PIE."

Apparently the " poor season " of some bee-keepers is
like the " piece of very poor pie " which your hostess
blandly invites you to take. Page 214.

ALFAI.KA-GROWING IN THE EAST.

I stand convicted, Mr. Johnson. I climb down. I had
no right to speak of the tubercles of alfalfa as having
"bugs" in them — and so throw the learners in natural
science off the track. I guess my impression at the time
was that the tubercle-dwelling germs were animal ; and so
my short-coming stands as a case of ignorance, and not as
a frolicsome sort of perverse teaching.

Thanks to Prof. Hopkins for the information that clover
bacteria will not serve the turn for alfalfa. And how well
the pictures on page 212 tell the story— story of something
lacking in the one case and of things all right in the other !
It is quite reasonable for us to expect that alfalfa natur-
alized, and fully supplied with its own tubercle-dwelling
bacteria, and flourishing like a green-bay tree, would yield
honey here as well as elsewhere. Lack of nectar-flow seems
to be a plant's usual method of protest^protest that al-
though it can live and grow it is dissatisfied with some of
the conditions. Present appearance seems to be that alfalfa
is a coming crop ; and with it we see a new light. Page 215.

JERSEY MOSQUITO AND BEE-STINGS.

O the Mosquito, the .Jersey Mosquito !
In size, vim and venom she can not be beat, 0 !
She martyrs the natives, sprinjj, summer and fall.
Until a mere bee-sting seems nothing at all.

A HUMMING FAMILY "OUTFIT."

Husband and I and Alice and Kate, eh ? Who couldn't
make the honey-business hum with such an outfit as that ?
Page 216.

SPRING-WATER IN BEE CELLARS.

No, Mr. Callbreath, it isn't the warmth of the spring-
water that makes a cellar with a running spring in it one
of the best of all places to winter bees. Running water
oxygenizes and ozoneizes the atmosphere, and also dis-
solves the carbonic aid gas and carries it away. Ventila-
tion of very best sort without any cooling, and without any
possibility of excess.

THE NAME-ON-THE-SECTION CONTROVERSY.

Tell Alma Olson I am on his side (languidly) in the
name-ou-the-section controversy— and, lo, I come to give
him an unbrotherly stab. He put his foot in it badly when
he referred to the seedsman's name on the package of seeds.
Many, if not most of the seed-packages, hold seeds raised
by some specialist farmer and sold to the seedsman who
takes tne responsibility of them before the world. If I am
right, the great seedsmen raise a great many seeds, but
still buy more than they raise. I think the farmer would
not be allowed to have his address on the seeds— pretty
surely would not ask for such a thing. Page 220.

BEES STINGING AT A. MARK.

C. Stimson will probably get the assent of many when
he says bees generally sting at a mark mouth, nose, eye or

314

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14. 1903.

ear. Is that really so, or do our imaginations get in their
work there? I have sometimes thankfully wondered why a
cantankerous bee kept away from my eyes so well. In re-
gard to the ear perhaps I had better own up. (But then,
consider the size of the territory in some of our cases 1) As
a hostile bee spends much of the time just behind one's
head, the ear is the tirst exposed territory met with, on
screwing up courage to the sticking point and coining to
the front. Page 222.

I Questions and Answers, i

CONDUCTED BY

DR. O. O. IkULLBR, Afareng-o, Ul,

(The QHestlons maj be mailed to the Bee Jonrual office, or to Dr. Miller

direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the

Doctor to send answers bT mall. — Editor.1

Questions on Queen-Rearins;.

1. I am frank to confess that I am as green as grass on queen-
rearing, and want to know more, and I do not understand some of the
expressions used in the American Bee Journal, and also " A B C of
Bee Culture." I take the American Bee .lournal and Gleanings in
Bee Culture, have also " A B C of Bee Culture," still I am thick-
headed. In " A B C in Bee Culture," under queen-rearing, page 358,
is a cut of a Doolittle cell-cup, and from the cut it looks as if the cells
are put on the hultum of a stick to be put in a brood-frame, and cells
appear to hang straight down. If so, what prevents eggs or larv*
Irom falling out when grafted?

2. What is meant under the same head, pages 260 and 261 of " A
B C of Bee Culture," when it says, " When properly done the strips of
comb will have cells slanting toward the bottom-board? " In other
words, I want to know whether these artiticia! cell-cups and these
strips of worker-comb cells point or hang perpendicular, or stand
straight out like worker-comb as built by the bees in brood-frames, or
point down at about an angle of 4.5 degrees. I know after bees take
possession of the prepared queen-cells they build them out and down.
But what is their position when man leaves them '. From the cut,
page 2.5S, it looks as it man leaves them hanging straight down.

3. ()n pages 260 and 261, "ABC of Bee-Culture," it says, " shave
one side of strips of comb." What becomes of the other side, and
how treated, by man and bees? If as per instructions under queen-
rearing. I put 2 frames of brood in the upper .story, is there any danger
of bees leaving it uncared for, and the brood and cell-cup dying from
neglect '

h. Should cell-cups be put in the upper story when the frames of
brood are put in, or wait a day or so to see it the bees are attending to
and keeping the brood warm ?

6. Will this queen-rearing in upper story in any way hinder stor-
ing? and should full sheets of foundation be furnished on either side
of the brood for storing?

7. How soon after putting in these artificial queen-cells before I
can tell whether the bees are working on them?

3. The Alley plan, as described on pages 260 and 261, would be
less trouble, I think, to me. Do you think it as good, for one who
knows nothing about queen-rearing, as the Doolittle cell-cup plan?

Kentucky.

Answers.— 1. Tour supposition is correct: the cells are mouth
down, just as the bees always build cells when preparing to swarm.
Dip your linger in water, and a drop of water will be found hanging
on the tip after your finger is taken out of the water — held there by
cohesive attraction, the same that holds the contents of the cell in
place.

2. In an edition of " A B C of Bee Culture" before me, I find, not
"slanting toward bottom-board," but " pointing toward the bottom-

bar." The cells point straight down, first and last. The only time
when you will find queen-cells any other way is when the bees build
emergency-cells from worker-brood, or in a very few rare eases in
which the place is too cramped for the cells to be built straight down.

3. The side shaved down is the one on which the cells are started ;
the other side, not cut, is dipped into melted wax and then glued on
the bar.

4. If one or more frames of brood are put in an upper story over a
strong colony, there is no danger that the brood will be uncared for,
but there is always some danger, anywhere and everywhere, that not
all of the queen-cells will be properly cared for.

5. It will be generally safe to give the cells at the same time as
the brood, although there may be an occasional case in which the bees
are a little slow about occupying the brood.

6. It will not hinder storing, and foundation or drawn combs may
fill out the story the same as if no queen-rearing were going on.

7. Generally within 24 hours.

8. An utter novice would probably find it easier to manage the
Alley plan, and either plan produces good results.

Prevention of Swarmlng-Uniting Colonies.

1. Please give a description of L. Stachelhausen's invention to pre-
vent swarming.

2. In M. R Kuehne's plan to prevent swarming, after the queen
is laying, does he take out the entire board or just the wire-cloth and
let them unite? West Virginia.

Answers. — 1. Mr. Stachelhausen prevents swarming by the
shaken-swarm plan. You will find that fully given in back numbers,
with Mr. Stachelhausen's comments also on page 245.

2. Take out the entire board, I suppose.

Colonies on Crooked or Bulged Combs.

1. I have about 20 colonies of bees, purchased, last fall; they are
in 10-frame Simplicity hives, and about 6 combs in each brood-cham-
ber are bulged or crooked. I have sent for Hoffman self-spacing
frames, and sufficient brood foundation for these hives, foundation to
be wired in, in full sheets. I wish to run part of these hives for ex-
tracted and part for comb honey. How can I best change the old,
buldged brood-frames to new brood-frames of foundation.

2. How would it do at about the beginning of the honey harvest
to put a second story or brood-chamber (for extracted honey) with the
frames of foundation, and a queen-excluder between ; then every 3 or
4 days exchange a frame or two of brood for a new frame or two of
foundation from the second story ? Then when the brood has hatched
out they will fill these combs with honey. Will this honey be damaged
any by being stored in these old combs? and will these old combs
make good beeswax?

3. What way would be better for extracted or comb honey in sec-
tions? Or would I better not try to produce honey in sections from
any of the6e''colonies this year? Ohio.

Answers. — 1. If I understand you correctly, there are about four
straight combs in each hive. Lift out these four combs and put them
in another hive-body, looking to see whether you get the queen. If
you get the queen, leave her with the four combs, and fill up each
hive with the new frames filled with foundation. Take the old hive
off the stand and put the new hive in Us place. Put an excluder over
this, and set the old hive over the excluder. Twenty-one days later
there will be no brood in the upper story unless it be some drone-
brood. Then you can extract the crooked coml:>s, melt them up, or do
what you please with them. If you do not find the queen on the
four combs, and if the other combs are so fastened together that you
cannot lift them out, then after you have put the four frames in the
new hive, set the old hive on top of it with no excluder between, and
drum the bees up, so as to get the queen above. Then put the new
hive, as before directed, on the stand with the old hive on top and an
excluder between. The queen must be in the lower hive.

2. The honey and the wax will be all right, but you will make a
quicker job of it as already directed.

3. Necessarily you will have the old hive-body filled with extracted
honey, but after that is pretty well filled you may let the bees do the
rest of their storing in sections by adding supers of sections under
the upper story.

ONLYA FEW DAYS

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Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I FROM MANY FIELDS |

Wintering Bees.

The past winter was very favorable for bees.
Colonies that had plenty of stores came
through in almost perfect condition. We have
lost 7 colonies, due to lack of stores and
queenlessness.

In preparing for winter we used different
plans; Packing above frames, sealed covers
without packing, and sealed covers with
super on. The conditions being the same, the
result seemed to be in favor of the first two
plans, and I believe I would use packing had

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Good Bye

old whitewash i.nish with your bald work
and waste uf time.

The Hardie Whitewashing Machine

nut only worlcs much faster but forces the
liquid into every crack aud destroys insect
life which a brush would pass over

Send $7-50 for the complete machine, ex-
press prepaid, if you o

HARDIE SPRAY PUMP
MFC CO.

"lETROIT, MICH.
WINDSOR.OHT.

May 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

315

I the means to keep the outside moistuie
from treltinfj on the packing.

Prospects are favorable for the present sea-
son. Bees are doing a tine lousiness from
apple-bloom, and should the present good
weather keep up they will get considerable
honey.

I am thinking of building a shed for the
bees so as to keep them froai getting wet. 1
would have it open in front and arranged
at the back part so that a person could get at j
the hives. Should any of the readers have
any experience with a shed of this kind, I
would be glad to hear their opinion of It.

E. X. EVERSON.

Jefferson Co., Ohio, April 22.

A Dry and Cool Spring.

The bees wintered well last winter, and
clover came through also in fair condition, so
that the prospects for honey were good here.
But we have had a dry. cool spring and now
we have just had a light rain followed by
enow and a temperature of 24 degrees above
zero. Plum and cherry bloom is about half
out, and apple-buds abdut to open, so that the
prospects for fruit-bloom are very slim.

A good season for fruit-bloom was needed
•on account of lack of good working-days for
such other bloom as we have had heretofore.

So, while the loss of the fruit-bloom may
not prevent a honey crop later on, it will very
probably necessitate feeding.

I am thinking of making some troughs and
feeding outside, as there are no other bees in
the range.

Fortunately, the bees were almost all quite
strong, so that they will probably be able to
protect their brood. E. S. Miles.

Crawford Co., Iowa., April 30.

All Colonies Wintered Well.

Bees are doing nicely on dandelion, willow
and cherries. All colonies came through the
winter in tine condition. I winter them in the
open air, having packed them with an extra
covering. Fruit-bloom was killed by sleet
and ice. The temperature went down to 16
■below freezing. Gustavcs Rolls.

Hall Co., Nebr., May 2.

Swarming Management.

On page 264, Wm. McEvoy gives his method
of preventing swarms getting mixed up. I
can see the advantage of his method, but
many of the small bee-keepers, like myself,
find it diflicult to follow. Many of those that
keep bees in this vicinity are farjiers, like
myself, and keep only a few colonies of bees
from a very few up to 40 or .5(1, just for the
pleasure of keeping them and having a little
honey to keep us sweet. According to the
definition given in the Bee .Journal, we are
not apiarists, only bee-keepers, and other
work prevents us from giving that time and
attention to our bees that is required of an
apiarist. We do not have any help, but each
one handles his bees alone, and it often hap-
pens that two or more swarms come out at
the same lime while the fai'mer is in the field
at work, and before he can get to his bees
they have all clustered together, and, the only
thing to do is to hive them in one hive. I
know of two instances of this kind that hap-
pened in this vicinity, and so many swarms
clustered together that they could not be
hived in a common hive, but were hived in a
dry-goods box, and they stored several hun-
dred pounds of honey.

Last year I had a swarm come out, and, af-
ter being in the air for a time, they returned
to the hive without clustering, and while they
were returning I looked in front of the hive
and saw a small bunch of bees; on examina-
tion. I found the queen, picked her up with
my lingers and put her on the alighting-
board. The next day they came out again,
and at the same time another swarm from the
hive came out and were all mixed up, but
clustered in two clusters about ten feet apart,
and before I could hive them they all went to-
gether. They were both prime swarms and
tilled the hive full, and I got more honey
from them than any three swarms last season.

A few days after this I had an after-swarm
come out, and while I was hiving them an-

FOR THE BEST

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Address,

KEB-KKKPKRS' SUPPLIES,

1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb
Hease mentioti tit*e jourt

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California Excursion.

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE '°^--^«-

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Marshfleld Manafactaring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are tiie best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturlng^Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Plea.se mention Bee Journal wtien writine.

30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time

to send in your Bees-

» -t fi *-> ''' '^ wax. We are paying

paid for Beeswax. * ^As-ifo^ b^estlcT

low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

316

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

Tlioosands of Hives = Millions ot Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling^ goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping' to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
nd Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is tough and clear as[crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Dittmer's Fonndation !

Retail
the thinnest base,
other make.

Working; Max into Foundation foi- Cash a Specialty, l BeesM'ax
altrays 'wanted at liigfliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee Journal when -wTitins

$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00

with membership fee of $2.00 added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association. Tickets will
be on sale via the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to 5th, inclusive, good return-
ing from July 8th to 12th inclusive,
without being deposited with Joint
Agent. Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment of SOc. for
execution. Superior train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging in price from
35c. to $1.00 ; also a la carte service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agent.
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of departure of trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.
3— ITASt

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when writing advertisers.

TO START YOU IH BUSINESS

■\Ve win present you with the llrnt Sl.^> you
take in to etart you in a good paying busi-
ness. Send 10 cents for fuU line ot samples
and direetions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chlc«vo. Ilia.
Please mention Bee Jovimal •when "Bi'ltliss

It^lmn Queens,

Bees cinci Nuclei.

We have a strain of
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One Tested Queen 1.35

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One Bleeder Queen 2.50

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2 ' ■^'^'ISjia^JjP^^^'^-''"-"'^*'-'' Minneapolis, Minn.

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Headquarters '°»Bee-Suppiies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan' Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

f lease mention Bee Journal when writinf:.

other after-swarm issued, and came to the
hive where I was at work, and they went in
without clustering. I considered this an ad-
vantage for it made a good, strongcolonj- that
has wintered well, and is one of my best.

Last year was a poor one for honey. I got
only about 300 pounds ot comb honey from 16-
colonies, spring count. I lost a number of
colonies from spring dwindling and being
robbed. My bees have wintered very well. I
lost two colonies in the cellar. I put the bees
out the first day of April. A few days after
being taken from the cellar two colonies went
into other hives near by . I suppose they were
queenless. I now have IS colonies, strong
and healthy, and working well when the
weather admits. It has not been very cold
since they were taken from the cellar, but
there has been too much rain for the good of
the bees. To-day (April 30th) is the coldest
we have had. The ground is covered with
snow and the temperature this morning was
24. Bees are in better condition and working
better than they did last spring.

I approve of nearly all the modern meth-
ods ot handling bees, yet I am plodding along
in the same old rut. I have for years been
letting my bees swarm naturally. I do not
clip the wings of queens, yet I have lost only
three queens by absconding during the last
ten years. I would rather not have any after-
swarms, yet I do not cut out queen-cells, and
if after-swarms come out I put two together,
if possible, and so tar I have been quite suc-
cessful in doing it.

If our large apiarists read this article they
will smile at my methods, and say they are
old and out-of-date. This is true, and so am,
I old an out-of-date. I am 7i) years old today.
The modern methods and improvements are
all right, but. at my advanced age, I find it
difficult to keep up and adopt all of them. I
am an old soldier, and can't keep up with the
army, but when night comes I will try and be
in camp, and " When the Roll is Called Up
Yonder," I'll be there. S. B. Smith.

Millelacs Co., Minn., May 4.

Bad Weather for Bees.

It has been very bad bee-weather for the
last two weeks, in this locality. It freezes
nearly every night, and this morning a snow-
storm visited us, covering the ground with
nearly two inches of snow. We are having a
great deal ot rain, which I hope will make a
good honey season. I wintered but "i colon-
ies out ot 4, the 2 that died being moldy. But
each had nearly 30 lbs. of honey left. I sold
some ot it at 1.5 cents per pound, and used the
rest to feed the other colonies, which are in
good condition at present.

I watch for the American Bee Journal every
Thursday ; it is a welcome visitor here.

B. F. Schmidt.

Clayton Co., Iowa, May 1.

Look fop a Good Year.

Our bees came out ot the winter in good
shape, with no loss to speak ot. We winter
them here on the summer stands. We have
had an immense fruit-bloom, but the weather
has been so cold that the bees could not work
more than half the time, but they have filled
up their brood-chambers and are in excellent
shape tor white clover, which is abundant
everywhere. We look for a good year. I
found the first white clover blossom to-day,
which is nearly one month early. Success to
the American Bee Journal. C. Zoll.

Fulton Co., III., May 2.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stlfF-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cettt!<; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this "Emerson" no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,
144 4 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL.

Mav 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

317

-^BEEPOM BOILED]

Testing Honey -Barrels.

''To test honey-barrels before waxing, a
bicycle pump is recommenried in Gleanings in
Bee-Ci^lture. instead of blowing into the bar-
rel with the breath. — American Bee .lournal.

Blowing the breath into a barrel or can to
test it for leaks, is very unreliable. A decid-
edly better way is to place the lips tirmly in
or against the aperture, draw into the lungs
and exhale through the nose all the air possi-
ble, by repeated draughts, which necessarily
become shorter as the air is pumped out of a
tight receptacle. By this means much more
power, with less effort, is exerted; and in
■case of a leak, iu testing cans, the inrushiog
air from outside, while the breath is momen-
tarily held to listen, will reintlale the partly
•collapsed tin. thereby keeping up a constant
cackle and ling as tbe sides readjust them-
selves to the original position. In testing
barrels, when a leak occurs, and while the
bung is yet stopped by the human pump, the
hissing of rushing air may be audible, or, if
the leak be very small, the suetion at the
bung will be gradually reduced, and readily
recognized by the pumper. — Editorial in the
American Bee-Keeper.

Time for Cutting Alfalfa.

I have just read Bulletin No. 114, issued
from the experiment station at Manhattan,
and it says. " Alfalfa should be cut when not
more than one-tenth of the plants are in
bloom. Early cutting invigorates the plant.
The late cutting of the first crop seems to in-
jure the plant more than at any other time."
In September, IflUl, I planted six acres to
alfalfa, and got a splendid stand. In the last
week of May, 1902, I concluded that one-tenth
of the plants were in bloom, and the crop was
ready for cutting, and I cut ten swaths
around the field. It set in so rainy and
cloudy that I stopped the mower and waited
two weeks for fairer weather, lamenting all
the time that I was injuring the hay crop by
letting it stand so long without cutting. But
I was surprised, when I came to cut the sec-
ond crop, to find that the piece that I cut
earlier did not turn off more than about one-
half as much as the piece I cut later; and
this was the case with the third and fourth
cuttings. All through the season I could
distinguish the very line where the earlier
cutting left off and the later cutting com-
menced. The ground and soil are all the
same, rich bottom, about 30 feet above per-
manent water, no weeds, foxtail, or crab
grass in the field. The hay from tbe earlier
cutting did not remain on the field to injure
growth of second crop. Please explain to me
why my alfalfaacts so contrary. — J. M. Craig,
of Anderson Co., Kans., in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.

Hiving Swarms on Shallow Frames.

When only a single story is used it is likely
to result in the bees swarming out again. The
editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review manages as
follows:

When I began using the Heddon hive, put-
ting a swarm into a single section, and puL-
ting on the sections, there was so much
swarming-out that I came very nearly being
discouraged. Finally, I began using both
sections of the hive for a brood-nest for the
first three days. On the fourth day I set the
upper section, and the supers, to one side
(crosswise of an empty hive), then set the
lower section off the bottom-board, returned
the upper section and supers to the old stand,
and shook down in front of them the few bees
that were clustering in the lower section. I
used starters only in the frames, and, at the
time of removing the section, the conibs in
the upper section were usually one-third or
one-half completed. Some of the combs in
the lower section were just nicely started, and

QUEESS!

(Tolden add Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to jrive satisf-Tcrmn— those are Ihe kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QLIBEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was est.-ibli-hed in is.s.s. Our stock origi-
nated from the ln-^t and highest-priced lonir-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, .tnd perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Pi ice of queens
before July Is.!: Lartre select, $t; six lor f5;
Tested Stock, f 1.50; six for J.**; Selected Tested,
$J each: Breeders, H. Two-frame Nuclei (no
queen) $3.50 each

Special low price on queens in lots of 25toli:»0.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 5U0 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.) 16E13t

~Hj5e mention Bee Journal -when ^ntina

40-Daoe GataloQ Free.L"" 'Vega^:
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds. Best in the
market. Latest improvements. Danzen-
baker hives l^ept in stock.
lOEtf JiNO ^EBEL & SON. High Hill, Mo.
I'lwiae meuTioii Pee Joujnai -^when vmuui

STROMGEST
MADE. Bull

(.'hicken-
Tiplit. Sold to the Farmer at «hole.»le

LwirMviriECNPC?

>ILED 8PRIXQ FENCE CO.
■'■} fTioebester, lodlana, U. S. i

: mention the Bee Journal

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing' plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reeular subscriber for send-
ing- us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00 ; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Business Queens.

Bred from best Italian honev-gathering stock,
and reared in HULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be ffood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, T5c each; 6 $4.0(1.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about Julv 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
18.\tf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sns lom 250) 5om

Sweet Clover (yellow)....! .90 |L70 14.00 $7.£0

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

WhlteClover 1.50 2s) 6.50 12 50

Alfalfa Clover 100 L80 4.25 x 00

Prices subject to market changes-
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

The Nickel Plate Road

is the short line to the East, and the
service equal to the best. You will
save time and money by traveling over
this line. It has three through daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping-cars, and American Club
Meals, ranging in price from 35c. to
SI. 00. are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also a la carte service. Try a
trip over the Nickel Plate Road, and
you will find the service equal to any
between Chicago and the East.

Chicago depot : Harrison St. and
Fifth Ave. City Ticket Offices 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113
Adams St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 2057. 1— 17A5t

CnUinmift ! Ifyo" care to know of its
^aillUnild 1 Frnits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published we;kly,
handsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
3,10 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.

?! \I/E INVITE all readers of the Amer- 0

2? 11 ICAN Bee JotJRNAL who seek a col- 0

0 lege for themselves or friends to inves- &

& tigate g

I MountUnionCollege i

it Our motto in all departments is "Max- 0

S imum efficiency at minimum cost." 0

^2 Our scholastic training is equal to the jj

•' best, our reputation first-class. All ex- g

•Z penses for a year, aside from ,the cloth- ^

•2 ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co g

'2 education, health conditions, moral and g

72 relitrious id lluence, superior. 92

g Send for catalog. J^

§« MOl'NT UNION COIjLKGE, fl

0 Alliance, Ohio. *?

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

OueeUS, they roll iu the honey while the ordi

Muth Strain Golden Italians, superior Carniolans, Seillr

Wegua

■ starve.
None
Super
rantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL, MAY. JUNE.

Untested $1.00 each; 6 for $ 5.00 I Best money can buy $5.00 each.

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 for 6.(X) 2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested

Tested 2C0each;0for 10.00 Queen fi.'5

Select Tested ... 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00 |

Send tor Catalog and see SPKCIAL INDUCEMENTS.

Front & Walnut Sts..
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

"V ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ^ ▼ ^ ^"^

Please mentloa Bee iottma: wnen ^rltlnx

318

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

I used this lower section as the upper section
to the next hive in which I put a swarm.

This management did away entirely with
the swarming out after hiving. It gave the
bees plenty of room until they had cooled off
and settled down to work, when it mattered
little how much they were squeezed, there
was no swarming.

Differences of Opinion About Time
for Cutting Alfalfa.

Experiment stations should be able to de-
cide such questions right, 60 farmers could
tell exactly what is best; that is what the
stations exist for. Experimenters can bring
chemistry to bear on the subject, and then
prove or disprove the practical application of
the conclusions thus obtained by feeding
stock and carefully noting results. Then, why
don't they agree? Different environments
naturally bring different results. It would
seem strange if the most successful mode of
handling alfalfa on rich, sandy loam would
necessarily be best on a thin limestone soil
where the growing season is more than a
third shorter. The best hay for horses may
not behest for beef slock or milk production.
If any one has advocated very early cutting
of hay in this valley, when the hay is in-
tended for horse feed, it has never reached my
attention. Many claim that alfalfa should be
in full bloom for some time to make best feed
for beef cattle, and many claim it should not
stand so long. But when it comes'to dairy
stock, I do not know a man who has changed
from late cutting to early, and then changed
back to late cutting. As dairying is rapidly
comingtothefront.it is revolutionizing the
alfalfa business. As farming is usually done
on methods which are supposed to give the
best average results, the alfalfa is all cut
young where dairying is the main thing (and
it generally is), and little thought is given to
the small loss, if any, that is brought about
by feeding the " wishy-washy" feed toother
stock.— W. A. H. GiLSTRAP, in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.

Tlie Percent of Water In Honey.

At the annual meeting of the Ontario Asso-
ciation, Prof. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist of the
Experimental Farms, Ottawa, gave an exceed-
ingly interesting address relating to the pro-
portion of water in honey. The address oc-
cupies a number of pages in the Canadian
Bee Joiu-nal, and a few of the points are here
given :

I said we had no Canadian data on the sub-
ject, and as far as I was aware the European
authorities differed widely, for I found some
authorities staled 10 and 1.5 percent of water,
whereas I found other chemists gave as much
as 25 and aO percent of water; and then, on
the other hand, there were those who en-
deavored to bring together the two, and said
the proportion of water in honey might vary
very largely, and that we should not be sur-
prised at finding a variation of as much as 10
and 15 percent.

A large amount of work was done in the
attempt to settle the question, with regard to
which Prof. Shutt said:

However, I must make this statement at
the outset, so that there may be no misun-
derstanding: It is very greatly to my dis-
appointment that I am not aljle to tell you to-
day what is the normal percentage of water
in genuine honey, either ripe or unripe. We
have done, as I have said, an exceedingly
large amount of most careful, thorough
chemical work since Oct. 1, but still I am not
In a position to say really what the percent-
age of water is. Now, the reasons for that I
will explain to you as I give these results.
You will see it has not been a matter of neg-
ligence at all, but the question involved is one
relating to the accuracy of the process now
in vogue.

Keferring to the great discrepancy in the
results obtained by chemists in England and
on the continent, he said :

One authority, J. C. Brown, gives dextrose
as 31.77 to 43.02 percent; and levulose 33.56

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long--tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3^ miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2h miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Plefte mention Bee Journal when ■writing

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Please mention Bee J ournal -when TOntlng,

i I fS.SO For
I ^ 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

egg. Write for catalog

GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy

46A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

before

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens jSV

1 6 12

Untested '. $1.00 $ 5.00 $ 9.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in lig^ht shipping--cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug-. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir;— I thoug-ht I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frarae hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money. Order or'
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention. Bee Journal "when "writlns

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet thoee w&o work for ua. C-ow kfe[iers always
have moDey . We start yon ta business. You make
large profits. Eaoy work. We furnish capital. Send
10 cenla for full line of Bamples and rartlculars.

DKAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cbicago. Ills.

BEE^SUPPLIES?

.verything used by bee-keepers,
.DER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt
service. Low Freight Rates
NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

INOUNDMI.IS.IND.

to 40.43 percent. Another authority gives-
dextrose 22.23 to 44.71 ; levulose 32.1.5 to 46 89 ;
water 16.28 to 34.95, and so on. On looking-
over those results carefully the one thing
that will strike you is this, that there appears
to be great variability in the analysis in the
composition of various honey. I say "appears
to be," because I can scarcely believe that
there is such a great variation, but, neverthe-
less, the results as they appear on record
would give that indication, viz. : that there
is great variability.

Now, all these analyses have been made' by
men of reputation, men endowed with skill
and with honesty, but the difficulty has been
in connection with the material itself and the
process of analyses employed. And now I
think I can tell you the reason for this appar-
ent discrepancy. We understand that the
two principal sugars of honey are dextrose
and levulose. Let us consider their proper-
ties: Dextrose crystallizes; this is the mate-
rial which you see in candied honey. Levulose,
on the other hand, does not crystallize; it
does not become solid ; it assumes the form
of a thick syrup ; it is the sweetest constituent
of honey ; it is much sweeter than dextrose;
further, we find by experiment and analyses
that in the artificial drying of honey it is ex-
tremely subject to decomposition; conse-
quently during the ordinary and usual metli-
ods of analyses employed, as I hope to show
you, decomposition of levulose takes place,,
and its disappearance has been recorded by
the analyst as water.

Farther on Prof. Shutt said:

Now, my contention is this, that what we
have been supposing to be water, and water
only, as passing off in the drying process, is
really in part ttie decomposed products of the-
honey. The longer you heat it. and the
higher the temperature, the greater the
amount of caramelizatlon, decomposition, or,
in other words, loss. We estimate the water
by the loss in drying, and if part of that loss
is due to the decomposition of levulose, we
get too much moisture.

The longer the honey-tube is in the drying^
oven the greater the lose— and the higher the
percentage of water — apparently. If there
were no decomposition we should be able to
dry to a constant weight, but this we find im-
possible. This, in my opinion, furnishes the
explanation of the results as they appear in,
this bulletin of the Inland Revenue. Some
analysts have dried for 24 or 48 hours, and
some have been attempting by still longer
drying to get a constant weight. If there
were no decomposition a constant weight
should be obtainable. But the fact of the
matter is that our experiments show you can
go on drying these tubes for several days and
still they lose weight. Day by day we weighed
those tubes and put them back in the water
oven, and there was always a loss. From the
first weighings we calculated the percentage
of water, and got numbers in the neighbor-
hood of 14, 15, 16; after 12 hours more we
obtained to 18. and then another 12 hours.
gave us 20 and 25 percent, and then continu-
ing the percentages of loss went up to 28, 30,
and :->2. Evidently there was no stopping-
place, and what we were calculating as water
was really in large part due to the decomposi-
tion of the honey.

Absconding of Shaken or Brushed
Swarms.

Fr. Greiner is afraid of absconding. He
says 20 percent turn out to be failures. Dur-
ing more than 20 years I formed surely sev-
eral hundred brushed swarms on the old
stand as well as as on new ones. Only one of
them absconded, and settled like a natural
swarm on, a limb of a tree near by. It was a.
very strong colony, and I had given them one
brood-comb and a very small space for brood-
chamber, separated from the supers by a
iiueen-excluder. I removed the brood-comb,
enlarged the brood-chamber, and hived the
swarm again, and everything went all right.
Some years I had trouble from absconding of
natural swarms; but with brushed swarms I
never had any difticulty. Gravenhorst recom-
mended removing the brood-comb the first
day after forming the swarm. This may be
true in his locality. Here I do not do it, and

May 14, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

319

have no trouble. Of more importance, it
seeme to me, it is to have the bees tilled witli
tioney and to give to the swarm siilHeient
room. I give them so much room that the
bees can form a cluster like a swarm. — L.
STAcnELHAUSEN, in (ileaningsin Bee-Culture.

Bulk Honey.

Referring to the claims of H. H. Hyde for
bulk honey. Somnambulist says in the Pro-
gressive- Bee-Keeper :

With one of his assertions, my experience
leads nie to disagree, namely, " When the
consumer buys bulk comb honey he reels sure
that he is getting a pure sweet. Just as the
bees made it."

Time after time have I been earnestly in-
formed that the comb honey, so very attractive
in itself, was surrounded by a mixture of
glucose. Prospective buyers, and those not
thinking of ever investing a penny in the
alluring dainty, alike join forces against the
innocent product, and equally innocent pro-
ducer. Indeed, with this class of people sec-
tion-honey is pronounced artiticial honey, and
consequently fraudulent.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Illinoi.s. — The spring meeting of the east-
ern part of the Northern Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at the residence of
James Taylor, in Harlem, Winnebago Co.,
III., on Tuesday, May 19, 1903. All interested
in bees are cordially invited to attend.

B. Kensedt, Sf.

Gold-Wire Fence

would not be worlh as much as Pape Fence to

hold etock. It etretches like common ffnce wire.

PAGE WOVEN UIKK ^E^CE ti).,AI)KlA:i,MICII.

Please mention Bee joumai wneu wntin*.

Wanted.

A man to help in apiary work. A g-ood chance
for one who wants practical experience in an
apiai y of over 200 colonies. A young man pre-
ferred. Wriie, giving- references and wages
expected. N. STAININOER, Tipton, Iowa.

Mease mention Bee Joumai "when "WTitui^

In Olden Days

men were broken on the wheel,

now they buy

Electric Steel Wheels,

I and save money. They fit any
I wagon. Made with either stag-
gered orstraight spokes. Let us
tetl you hiw to make a low dowB
wagon with any size wheel, any
width tire. Catalog tells. It's free.
Elictric Wheel Co.. Boi 16, Qalncy, III,
Please mention Bee Journal wnen vmtui£.

Take a Trip

over the Nickel Plate Road and be con-
vinced of its superior train service.
Solid through daily express trains be-
tween Chicago, Ft. Wayne, Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and Boston. American Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35c. to SI. 00,
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars ;
also service a la carte. Rates always
the lowest. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago depot : Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave. City Ticket Offices 111 Adams
St. and Auditorium Annex. John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone Cen-
tral 2057. 2— 17A5t

Tip-Top Glass Honey=Jars

The pictures shown
herewith represent the
best Jars for honey that
we know of. They are
made of the clearest
Hint glass, and when
tilled with honey, and
neat labels attached,
they make as handsome
l)ackage6 as can be

1-pound.

pj-pound.

The glass
top rests on a flat rub-
ber ring, and is held in
place by a flat steel
spring across the top
as shown. They are
practically air - tight,
thus permitting no
leak, which is an im-
7-ounee. portant thing with

honey-sellers.
We can furnish these Jars, f.o.b. Chicago,
at these prices ;

1 gross. 2 gr. 4 ijr.

1-lb. Jars ?5.00 $9..50 $18.00

J-.-lb. " 4.50 8.50 16..50

7-oz. " 4.00 7.50 14.50

If you try them once you will likely use no
other kind of top or sealing arrangement for
honey-jars.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 E. Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee = Supplies

G. B. LEWS GO'S GOO OS and every-
thing- nerejoary tor handltng- beef The very
best of g-oods, and larg-est stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

mm 10 Buy

anlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washing-ton St., Indianapolis, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

65 B6st Queen of Sixtu-live 65

Bellk Plaine, Minn, April, l'i03.

Mr. Alley: 1 have a queen received from
yon in 19(XI. Her bees are the best honey-grath-
erers of an apiary of 65 colonies in which are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. (iallup calls them. The Adel queen is
the best of the lui. C. J. Oldeniierg.

A Tested Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving result of 40 years' experience in
rearing queens, seat by mail for $.1.00. War-
ranted Adel queens, each, $l.(X). Safe arrival
guaranteed, ^seud for price list of queens and
prospectus of b^uk.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. MASS.

Please tueutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

HONLY AND BEESWAX

MARKBT QUOTATIONS.

Chicago, M,iy 7.— The past winter and pres-
ent spring iKive been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and dealers in honey, in that Ihe con-
sumption bas been away below the average of
the past decade. Choice to fancv comb is held
at IS^UiC per pound, with off grades at lia-^t: less
per pound. Extracted, white, omTc; ambers,
i'('i'6>4c; dark, S^goc. Beeswa.x in good demand
at 32c. R. A.Bdrnettsco.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
(^uiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, ISc; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at ^@^%c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, April 20.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand (food.
Wequoleyou as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $.!.S0; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections, f3 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3.00(s'3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
b(g!bHc; amber, 5>ic. Beeswax, 2S(a30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Apr. 27.- Little demand for comb
honey at present; fancy white sells at ISfi I6c in
a small way. We quote amber extracted at
SS4@6Mc; white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected this season of year. Cuban ex.
traded is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited with intense interest. Beeswax
strong at 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, May 8.— The market on honey is
verv quiet and very little doing, with more than
.sufficient supply on hand to meet the demand.
Fancy stock of comb honey is well exhausted,
while other grades are stili plentiful and sell-
ing at 13 cents fcr No. 1, 12c for N. . 2, and lie
for amber; no demand for buckwheat. Ex-
tracted remains quiet at unchanged prices.
Beeswax firm at 3lc.

HiLDRBTB A SBOBLKBN.

Cincinnati, May .S.— The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up. Fancy water-white
brings ISOidc. The demand for extracted has
not changed whatever, and prices are as fol-
lows: Amber in barrels, S^ifffloJ^c; in cans,
b@6}^c; white clover, Sffi.sj^c. Beeswax, 28@30c.
C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb hooey,
12@12^c; amber, 9©10c; dark, VigiTHc. Ex.
tracted, white, 6M@7c: light amber, SK®6c;
amber, S(a5',c: dark. 4@4Kc. Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi 27@2<)c; dark, 25@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned uo, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Values for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

If you want the Bee^Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If jon are interested in Sheep In anj way
yon cannot a£ford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United Statei.

Wool markets and Sheep

has a hobby which la the sheepbreeder and
his Industry, &rst,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day,
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP, GHICABO ILL.

SHECP MONET a.nd easy to make
if you work f or ns. We will start you to
I'UslnesB and fomisb the capital. Work
liurht and easy. Send 10 cents for fuU
1 1 ne of samplee and particulars. •

DBAPER PUBLlSflINQ CO.,CUcaro* Hit.

320

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 14, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....

are no better ttian those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yoti
>vill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE —

W. T. Falconer

JAMESTOWN

W. M, Gerrish, Epping,N.H., car
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- pri
Order of him and save the freight.

Mfg. Co., t

N. Y. r

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We fiad we have on haod a few slightly dam-
afred Clark and Bing-ham Bee-Smokers, which
?ot a little damp and soiled at the time of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as good as new.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 centseach; some of the
Large Bingham— new at 65 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
th.at are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices;

Clark at 25 cents each: Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 3" cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other gonds
when ordered, or sell them here at our oftice
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street.

CHICAGO, ILL.

f Bee-Keepers, Remember f

• that the freight rates from Toledo W

4 are the lowest of any city in theU.S. .

We sell

A Root's Supplies at their
Factory Prices * * * * *

Poultry Supplies aad Hardware Im-
plements a specialty. Send for our
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jaekson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

; Journal.

14A13t Please mention the Bt

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for us. Unc-le Sam'B poultry product payn
that Bum. Send 10c for samples and partio
ulars. We furnish capital to start yon in

bueinesB. Draper PubllsblogCo.,CbIcago,ili.

Special Notice to Bee-Keepers !

BOSTON

Money in Bees for Yt
Catalog Price on

8 ROOT'S SUPPLIES g

1? Catalog for the Asking. S

F. H. FARMER, §

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. g

^<f Up First Flight. a

16A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

^is^vs^ia.js,ja..y^\s,3s,jfi,:is^ie.jg,je,ji^is,jfi^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^i^,-xT^^^^?i^^i%o°Lllx^S:''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

t\l\ae. it cf^ll cr» MrfH "? Because it has always given better satls-
UUCS IL »C1I »U well r faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Why

Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS «*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-BeG — Re^\/ise:cl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

x-^ 'W""*r^-'*r^?rrr«-'i*^^-^pr^*^irw-rr^^^*-^-^>r^'W'^-^r^>^*^'5*jt

WAX PROFITS.

Many bee-keepers allow old combs and scraps of beeswax to
collect, which, for lack of time and the proper utensils, is scat-
tered or eaten up by moth-worms. A big item would be added to

the year's profits by
the timely rendering
of said wax by an
economical process.
We believe the press
illustrated herewith
'ills a long-felt want
a rendering wax.

B. Walker, Clyde,
111., says:

"Was inclined to be-
lieve at first that the Ger-
man wax-press was a fail-
ure; but after a thorough
trial was well pleased, f
secured 30 pounds 'more
wax from one day's use of
the machine than I would
have secured by the ordi-
nary method of render-
ing."

N. E- France, of
Platteville, Wiscon-
sin, State Inspector
of Apiaries, and Gen.
Mgr. National Bee-
Keepers' Association
— says :

"The German wax-
press is by far the best
machine or process to
save wax from old, black
brood-combs.'"

TttE fl. I. ROOT 60.. M6tlina, OHIO, U.S.A.

,, $14 S/„y,,„,„y „,„//,t. -,11 11...

m^^P^ riTinnoTi nr imntr D. nn 144 it 146 Erie Street,

H^^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. Chicago ill.,

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

Nat' I Bee- Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20

jMWERieA/y

a '^-) V

e^ '■■>

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 21, 1903.

No. 21,

322

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

PUBLISHED ■WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CONPAISY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, ill.

EDITOR,
a-E30R,C3-Ei -W. "2-OR,IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dee03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

A.dvertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication. *

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association:

1st.— To promote the iaterests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hi-tchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 14b E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. nuTCHiNso.N-, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selsee, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTTiE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks. Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-laptl. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to
bv mall, ii cents; two for inc;
. 'Send all orders to the office
Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in iiandsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is SI. 00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent oflfer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same lime they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Ple» Mention the Bee Journal lJl?rS^f....

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.

,0^^ HOWARD M. MELBEE»

HONEYVlLLEy O.

[This Cut is the i-'OLL Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When oiderlug-, be sure to say just what name and

address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a oovelty The novelty lies \n the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back spriug-s of Sheffield spring"-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usagre. ,

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty" is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the •* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and Iil
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lastingr memento could a raothei
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying- cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact represeutatiod of
this^beauliful kmfe, as tb^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Qet this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us iriKEE new subsckiiiers to the Bee Journal (with$3.'X).) We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO,

^"Please aUor" '•bout two weeks for your knife order to l>e tilled.

Chicago, IlL

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 21, 1903.

No. 21.

(

Editorial Comments

Beeswax in Cuba. — A Cuban correspondent writes that '.i')
cents a pound for wax, as given on page 243, is rather high. He has
been able to get only 31 cents for it, but that is in Spanish gold, and
is equivalent to 2S).i cents American money.

A New Bee-nisease, fairly wide spread, is reported in the
Australasian Bee-Keeper. It has the appearance of foul brood except
smell and a deficiency of ropiness. Mr. Gale, of the Agricultural Col-
lege, reports that they have bred the new microbe by thousands, and
are satisfied it is not foul brood.

Introducing Without Making Queenless is advised by
the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee. That is, instead of first making
the colony queenless, put the new queen caged in the hive, and then
remove the old queen 4S hours later, when the cage is to be so ar-
ranged that the bees can liberate the new queen by eating out the
candy. Well worth trying.

Kniptying Barrels of Ciranulated Honey. — Some bee-
keepers make very hard work of emptying barrels of granulated
honey. We used to suffer the same way before we tried a different
method. To take the head out of the barrel and dig out the solid honey
is no easy job. After emptying one barrel the digger is apt to wish
there were no such thing as a barrel of honey.

Our present method is to lay on the floor a sheet of heavy wrap-
ping-paper about 3 or 4 feet square. Then put the barrel on one end
in the center of the paper. The next thing is to remove the hoops-
then the upper head of the barrel, after which all the staves can be
taken away. The honey will then stand before the operator in an
almost perfect cylinder in form. With a spade or shovel he can
shovel it into a melting-tank, or into any other receptacle desired. A
200-pound barrel can thus be emptied in about 15 minutes, if quick
movements are made.

Just try the above method and see if you ever want to dig honey
out of a barrel again. As second-hand barrels are practically worth-
less, it does not pay to try to save them by spending much more time
than the barrel is worth in digging out the honey.

The paper used on the floor can be cleaned oft and used again, if
desired. We have also used, instead of the paper, a large sheet of
galvanized iron. Zinc would also be a good thing for the purpose.
The edges of either zinc or galvanized iron could be turned up a little,
so that if the honey were somewhat soft it would be held as in a pan.

Colonies with A'irgin Queens in Early Summer need
special treeatment in some oases, (ienerally when an old queen is
superseded by the bees she continues to lay until her successor is
ready to take up that duty. In that case there is no need of inter-
ference on the part of the bee-keeper. But it sometimes'happens that
by some means a virgin queen is found in a hive with no brood pres-
ent unless it be sealed brood, perhaps well advanced. In general, it
is bad policy to take from a strong colony early in the season to give
to a weak one. Here is an exception. This colony with the young
queen can just as well as not be taking care of some brood from else-
where until its own queen is laying. Take from a strong colony one
or two frames of brood— the youngest you can And — and give to the

brocdless colony. In place of the lirood taken away, put an empty
comb, or combs, in the middle of the hive. A week later these will
be filled with young brood and eggs, and may be given to any colony
with a virgin queen.

Thus, young brood and eggs may lie drawn each week so long as
there is any colony with only a virgin ciueen, and in this way it will
be seen that for any frame thus handled there will be three times as
many bees as If the frame had been left untouched for its three weeks
in its original place. If desired, a frame of sealed brood from the
colony with the virgin may be exchanged for the frame of young
brood, and in this way the strong colony will be stronger instead of
weaker for the performance. In any case, the sum total of bees will
be increased.

Red Bees.— Gleanings in Bee-Culture reports that Mr. Fowls
found some red bees, and was nonplused to find them the next day of
their original yellow color. A few days later they were again red, and
it transpired that they were made red by being fed syrup from red
candy that Mr. Fowls had bought at a bargain. And now Editor
Root is scheming to have a show of bees of different colors, made so
by feeding differently colored syrups !

Would a " red nose " on a bee indicate anything stronger than
red candy syrup i

Shaken Swarms in the Arid Portions. — What is best for
one region may not be best for another. In some places the chieS
value of shaken swarms lies in the fact of their keeping apiaries free,
from the evil effects of foul brood, even though it may be raging alt
about. Of course, that does not in the least conflict with its value as.
a preventive of swarming, nor with its influence with respect to the.
whiteness of the cappings of comb honey. For those who are located/
in Colorado, or similar arid regions, the following specific directions,
given by the Rocky Mountain Bee .Journal, will be of value;

The honey-flora in the arid States is such as to afford a long, mod-
erate and continuous flow, and this furnishes ideal conditions for the
utilization of shook swarming in connection with the production of
comb honey.

Passing the question of spring management, we will presuppose
that the hives are crowded with bees aud brood in all stages, and that
the honey-flow has well started. Both interior and exterior conditions,
are favorable to swarming. In fact, having noted these conditions^
now is the time to begin active operations. Examine each colony
carefully for queen-cells containing eggs or larv;e. Having found one-
that has thus given notice of its intention to swarm, proceed as tol--
lows:

1. Open the hive quietly and with as little smoke as possible.
Find the comb containing the queen and set it at one side in a shady
place and out of the wind.

2. Close the hive, and by drumming and smoking cause the bees
to gorge themselves with honey.

3. Move the hive to the rear and place a new hive, containing only
starters in the frames, on the old stand. The super, containing sec-
tions filled with full sheets of foundation, should also be in place,
with a queen-excluder between it and the brood-chamber. The ex-
cluder should be removed in two or three days.

4. Shake three-fourths to seven-eighths of the bees, including the
frame containing the queen, in front of the new hive, and run them
in as you would a natural swarm. The queen should be caught and
placed in the entrance after the bees have begun to run in. The right
proportion of bees to leave with the brood depends upon the weather
and must be determined by the judgment of the apiarist.

5. If increase is desired, remove the old hive containing the brood
to a new stand several feet away, and ine^ert a ripe cell, or give a lay-
ing queen. If no increase is desired, place the old hive by the new
one, but at right angles to it. The ne.xt time the apiary is visited
shake again, and move the old hive to the other side of the new one,
but still at right angles. Repeat this process for three weeks, when all
the brood will have hatched. The combs may then be disposed of to
the best advantage of the apiarist, and any honey remaining in them
may be extracted.

Whether or not it is an advantage to put a comb of unsealed

324

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

brood in the new hive is a much mooted question, upon which the
" doctors " disagree. I have always done so, and without disastrous
results. For me it prevents absconding, and makes sure that no pol-
len will be deposited in the sections.

The new hive should be contracted according to the size of the
swarm, so as to force the bullj of the bees into the super at once. Con-
traction will, also, discourage building of drone-comb in the brood-
chamber. The best bive to use in this connection is the Heddon hive,
or some other hive employing the shallow brood-chamber principle.
This admits of more rational contraction, and forcing the swarm
above. Before the close of the flow, or as the queen needs more room,
the hive should be gradually expanded to its normal size.

Each old colony should be examined for preparations for swarm-
ing every six days until the swarming season has passed, and when
found should be promptly dealt with in accordance with the foregoing
directions. This gives the apiarist almost perfect control of the
swarming fever. Instead of becoming an evil and a loss it becomes
a blessing and a profit, as it enables the apiarist to throw a preponder-
ance of the bees into the supers at precisely the right time to secure a
crop of handsomely finished section honey.

Foul-broody colonies should be shaken at the beginning of the
flow, regardless of their strength of fitness for swarming. Weak colo-
nies may b»united until their force is sufficient for business purposes.

Miscellaneous Items

Hon. Eugene Secor, the former General Manager of the National,
has gone into the greenhouse business as aside line, at his home in
Winnebago Co., Iowa. We notice this from a column article in his
local newspaper. It says that, about two years ago, Mr. Secor adver-
tised for a partner to start a greenhouse, being desirous of carrying
out a long-cherished idea. He finally found the right man-|-in Illinois,
of course. His name is Stitz. The newspaper says he •' was raised
In a greenhouse," but judging from his success he does not seem to be
as " green " as the house he was " raised " in.

Their greenhouse business has developed so that they now have
two, one of which is devoted to the growing of carnations, the demand
for this beautiful flower having increased so rapidly that it may be
necessary to use two houses for their production alone. They have
all the fashionable colors of this flower, including the famous " Mrs.
Lawson.'' They also have the McKinley and Roosevelt varieties. No
mention is made of the " Woolley," which will be the purest and
most beautiful of all, when once secured.

Mr. Secor is to be congratulated on his success in the floral line.
Not many are so well situated financially as to gratify their desires in
this inspiring line. Few earthly things are so beautiful as flowers.
Of course, to the bee-keeper, the white clover, basswood, sage, the
buckwheat, and some other blooms, are more to be desired than carna-
tions, and roses, and " sich." But all have their uses, and are beauti-
ful to look upon — bright emblems of purity, and sweetness, and truth.

The Farmers' Handt Wagon Co., of Saginaw, Mioh., are
anxious to obtain some farm views showing their Handy Wagon in use
on the farm. They think that, among our thousands of readers, there
must be a great many amateur photographers who would be only too
glad to enter such a friendly contest. They offer S7.5 in cash to the
successful contestants. By addressing the advertising department of
the Farmers' Handy Wagon Co., full information as to the conditions
governing the contest can be obtained. When writing, kindly men-
tion the American Bee Journal.

Delays in Mailing Qceens are very annoying, not only to the
queen-breeder but to the customers as well. We had expected to be
able to fill all our premium queen orders by May 15, but the weather
has been so unfavorable that several of the best breeders who had
agreed to furnish us queens could not do so. We regret the delay ex-
ceedingly, but of course we cannot help it. We will fill all our orders
just as soon as we can possibly get the queens. We trust all who are
entitled to receive queens from us will be patient.

Thought it Was a Bee. — A guide in the Maine woods was
bragging the other day about his indifference to the attacks of the
black flies, from which those in his party were suffering greatly. A
$10 bet was made that he couldn't let the flies settle for five minutes on
his bare back.

The guide stripped, and the insects came in good numbers and be-
gan to bite. He did not wince. Then one of the party got behind

him, took a burning glass out of his pocket and, the sun being out,
focused it on the guide's shoulder. Theguide squirmed and wriggled.
He stood it for some seconds, then he blurted out:

" I can stand all the black flies in Maine, but brush away that
blasted bee!''

He won the bet.

Association Notes

How We Got Our Foul Brood Law.

First, we had Mr. N. E. France of Wisconsin, at the last meeting
of the Chicago-Northwestern Convention, and he addressed the con-
vention on the subject of Foul Brood and answered all questions
raised by the members.

Then we said, " Let us have a foul brood law," and we went at it.
We put ourselves in touch with the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which had formal charge of the matter, and corresponded
with Messrs. Jas. A Stone, J. Q. Smith, Chas. Becker, and others who
were engineering the Bills before the House and Senate at Springfield.
Then we subscribed money, and mailed a printed appeal for funds to
all our membership, and to those on the mail-list of the American Bee
Jourual in Illinois, besides.

The writer has the honor of a personal acquaintance with several
of the honorable members of the Legislature, and he used his influ-
ence with them where he could. We were fortunate enough to dis-
cover the Hon. Henry W. Austin, of Oak Park, through Mr. C. F.
Kannenberg, one of our members, and a member of the foul brood
committee. Mr. Austin is a new member, a banker, and a man of af-
fairs. He made a personal matter of our Bill from the start. He con-
sulted with the writer a number of times about it, and when he was in
Springfield to appear before the House and Senate committees, Mr.
Austin introduced him to a large number of the members. He did
more for us than any one else, and should be tendered a vote of thanks
by the entire bee-keeping fraternity.

Our hearing before the Appropriations Committees of the Senate
and House was most interesting. Pres. Smith, Secretary Stone, and
Treasurer Becker, of the Illinois State Association, and the writer
from Chicago, made our representation. Mr. Stone brought a hive
and super, and they were opened and explained to the Senate Com-
mittee, who took great interest in them, and gave us an hour's time
and full opportunity to make our case. Pres. Smith got a frame of
foul brood from the State museum, and it was also exhibited and ex-
plained at length. The Senate Committee took no action at the time,
and we did not know for over a month whether they favored us or
not.

After our hearing before the Senate Committee, we went before
the Appropriations Committee of the House. They were overwhelmed
with business, and our hearts failed us at this point. The University
of Illinois and Judge Tuthill took up two hours, and (it seemed to us)
appropriated everything in sight ($800,000). However, our time came,
and they gave uafive vtlnutcs, and heard us, and moved that the Commit-
tee report the .Bill to the Houae^ and reeommeitd itA pannage.

Then following the long, tedious wait of more than a month, dur-
ing which time we knew nothing of our fate, and imagined the worst.

Messrs. Stone and Smith, who live near Springfield, arranged to
call at the capitol every week and see some ol the members, and show
them that our interest was unflagging. We sent out over SOO postal
cards to bee-keepers all over Illinois, urging them to do what they
could to help get a law. The officers of both Associations mailed per-
sonal letters to all the members of both Senate and House. This
aggregated a total of about TOO letters from this source, making a total
of nearly lr>00 pieces of mail transmitted in the interest of our law.
Added to this is the number of letters from bee-keepers all over the
State, to the Senators and Representatives, of which no estimate could
be made.

The writer entered into the plan for a law at first with lots of en-
thusiasm and confidence of success. But, as the magnitude of the
undertaking opened up in front of us it seemed more and more a hope-
less task to get a bee-keeper's law in Illinois — this stronghold of poli-
tics. But here we are at the goal, having run a successful race. Not
one penny has been spent for anything but ordinary legitimate ex-
penses. I believe the combination of two Associations made an im-
pression on the Legislature. In our letters to them we said 35,000
farmers in Illinois keeping bees are interested. These figures are from
the United States Census Report. There is no doubt, in any State,
if 25 bee-keepers unite their work, any needed laws can be secured.

We are under great obligations to the members of the Houses who
have taken a personal interest in our Bills. We need our friends, and
greatly appreciate their efforts in our behalf.

Herman F. Moore,
Chairman Foul lirood Committee^
(^hirago-Xorth western Jlee- Keepers^ Association.

Later. — Since the above was written, the news says that the
Governor has signed our Bill, so we have $3000 to spend in Illinois the
next two years for bee-keeping interests.

Let us so administer our trust that the entire industry will be
benefited, (!//(/ <J</('fi'ri,sf i7 so thoroughly that the Leyi.ilature of Illinois
will nnvrfail to aid ns. H. F. M.

May 21, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

325

[ Convention Proceedings ]

Report of the Wisconsin State Convention.

BY GUS DITTMKR, SEC.

The Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association met in
convention at Madison, at 10 a.m., Feb. 4, and the morning-
was spent in social intercourse. At 2 p.m. Pres. N. R.
France called the meeting to order. He stated that owing
to the marriage and removal from the State of Miss Ada
Pickard, there was a vacancy in the office of secretary. Gus
Dittmer was nominated and elected to fill the vacancy.

CO-OPERATION AMONG BBE-KEEPKRS.

Pres. France, after a few introductory remarks, sug-
gested that the subject of co-operation be taken up. Mr.
Wilcox thought the subject too broad and general ; that
much had been said on the subject in the past, but not much
accomplished, and had nothing to suggest at this time.

Pres. France stated the case of co-operation in Minne-
sota, and spoke particularly of the successful co-operation
of the " Honey-Producers' Association " of Colorado. He
thought that conditions were different here from Colorado.
Many large bee-keepers there and mostly small ones here.
He thought the outlook was the best in 20 years. He thinks
it a very broad subject that should be taken up by the
" National." However, local organizations might succeed.
He called attention to the fact that Colorado and California
glutted our markets before our crops were ready, and that
co-operation might be the remedy. He also stated that large
buyers and commission men preferred dealing with organi-
zations for large lots rather than looking for small lots.

" Why not form a trust ?"

Pres. France — We may be forced to it.

Mr. Wilcox — Educate the bee-keeper to grade his honey.
Ignorance and carelessness in this is what makes low prices.
The careless one would expect as much as the one who
grades carefully. Co-operation would not benefit the care-
less ones.

Mr. Huffman asked, "How can you get around these
little bee-keepers that spoil the market ?" It was suggested
to buy them out. "Suppose they wont sell 7" They
will soon find out they can't afi^ord to stay out. Pres.
France had given the subject thought, and thinks it will
not come to anything within the year. The first thing
necessary is education along the line of grading.

PARALYSIS AMONG BEES.

" Is there any cure for paralysis in bees ? and is it con-
tagious ?"

Mr. Pierce didn't think it contagious. He had a case
that he thought to be paralysis. It seemed to dwindle,
though the brood seemed all rght. He cited a case where a
colony had been cured with sulphur. He tried it himself
by thoroughly sprinkling the bees with it, and could see
no harm done, and in two weeks the disease disappeared.

Mr. Fox — My experience is that the disease disappeared
by letting them alone.

Mr. Post thought that a change of queen would cure it.
He found in his experience that while there were lots of
brood there was a continual dwindling away until the col-
ony " went up." He does not think it contagious, because
none of the other colonies had it.

Some one, after waiting for the disease to disappear,
used sulphur, and after two weeks it had all disappeared.

CAUSE OF EXCESSIVE SWARMING.

" What was the cause of the excessive swarming last
season ?"

The late honey-flow.

Mr. Wilcox — The question should be. What is the prin-
cipal cause of swarming? I think that certain conditions
bring about certain results ; that hatching brood is the
strongest cause. Remove the cause by removing the brood.

Mr. Rice — I never before knew bees to swarm so much
and so late, and to have the swarming increase with the
season.

Mr. Fox — They swarmed the worst in the hight of the
honey-flow. I had 32 out' in one day. Perhaps it was
caused by limited room.

Mr. Rice — I had three top stories on most of mine, and
all had lots of room, and still they swarmed.

Mr. Post — I had the besl improved non-swarming
queens, reared for honey-gathering. They swarmed with
little or lots of room. I kept them in by caging the queen,
but as soon as she was released they came out.

Mr. Van Ennick — I agree with Mr. Wilcox. Remove
the brood and give them lots of room before the swarming
season sets in. With this management you can keep down
the swarming fever and have hardly a swarm.

Mr. Post — That is all right for strong colonies, but it
will not work with weak ones.

Mr. Wilcox — Yes, I have seen such cases.

Mr. Gloege — That may be the case where the queen is
superseded.

Mr. Fox — I had special reference to after-swarms with
lots of room.

Mr. Huffman — Better kill the queen, or remove the
brood and fill with empty combs. Pay special attention to
queens that don't swarm, and work along the line of rear-
ing from them. We may have different ways of working,
but insure the same result.

Mr. Fox — Will killing the queen stop swarming, Mr.
Huffman ?

Mr. Huffman — Yes, that is the principle.

Some discussion took place in regard to spraying trees
with poison, with the intention of killing the bees. It was
the general opinion that such intention could not be proven.

At this stage Pres. France read the report of his work
on foul brood throughout the State. This brought about
a discussion on this subject.

Vice-Pres. Huffman took the chair.

PREVENTION OF FOUL BROOD.

Mrs. Blakely — How would you prevent foul brood ?

Mr. France — Keep clear of it ; don't buy old comb,
bees, hives, etc.

Mr. Perry — Root it out.

Mr. Huffman — Mr. Perry could root his own but not his
neighbor's. Would foul brood start in an apiary without
contact ?

Mr. France — One in one thousand.

Mr. Pierce — Why will it not spread from yard to yard 7

Mr. France thought it did spread. He cited a case
where bees had been burned year after year, but still it kept
appearing from neighbors' bees, not from trees where
squirrels had destroyed old comb.

" Do you know that bee-trees contain foul brood ?"

Mr. Fox — I think it could be carried from yard to yard,
and from yard to tree and back again, by robbing. If they
are not disturbed it might remain year after year, as I do
not think it can be carried except by contact in robbing.

Mr. Danniher cited a case of a bee-tree where they had
plenty of brood, and foul brood, and lived year after year.

Mr. Pierce — Did they live year after year in proper
condition ? Do you know what foul brood is 7

Mr. Danniher — I do.

Others doubted it.

Mr. Huffman — Will they live and have foul brood ?

Mr. France — Yes, I have known them to do so for three
years.

SEALED COVERS IN WINTER.

"Should the honey-board be left sealed down when put-
ting bees in winter quarters 7"

Mr. Pierce — No, by no means, as they are all stuck up
with glue, and will collect moisture.

Mr. Fox — Do you leave the honey-board off altogether 7

Mr. Huffman — I do. I don't know what others do.

Mr. Fox — I use the honey-board.

Mr. Pierce — Should the cover be removed ?

Mr. Fox — Yes.

Mr. Wilcox — Yes, I should have ventilation.

Mr. Pierce — In a moist cellar it would be worse.

Some discussion took place as to the merits of oilcloth.
It appeared that nine were in favor and seven against.

Mr. Wilcox raised the point that you must use the
queen-excluder to keep the queen out of the super.

" Will you get more honey by using them 7"

Mr. Wilcox — You will not get more honey, but you will
get rid of all annoyance.

Do you use a bee-space between the brood-frames and
honey-board ? Yes, always.

Which do you prefer, wood and zinc, or all-zinc 7 I pre-
fer the wood and zinc ; all-zinc warps.

Are you ever troubled by the queen going through the
zinc ? I have had them go through the perforated zinc, but
it happens very seldom.

326

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

Mr. Minnich said he preferred all-zinc, as the bees
would close the perforations in wood-zinc, but would not do
so in all-zinc.

Mr. Huffman — AU-zinc is good enoug-h for me. I put
the zinc flat on top of the brood-frames, and have a bee-
space on top.

Mr. Pierce — It is just as easy to keep the perforations
in wood-zinc clear as in all-zinc. Keep them clear by scrap-
ing.

Mr. Wilcox — I use a piece of a sickle to scrape any part
of the hive.

Mr. Fox — I use a painter's scraper ; this is a very good
tool for general purposes.

Mr. France, at this time, spoke of Mr. Danniher as
the oldest member, and of his faithfulness in attending the
conventions year after year. On motion of Mr. France,
Mr. Danniher was declared a life member by a unanimous
vote.

FEEDING BEES IN WINTER.

" What is the best way to feed for winter ?"

Mr. Fox, in answer to the question, read the following
clipping from a journal :

"To feed bees in winter, purchase about S pounds to
the colony of the best granulated sugar, and pour just
enough boiling water on it to dissolve all of it into a thick
syrup. Boil the syrup, being careful not to let it burn, un-
til it will harden by putting a drop into cold water ; then
pour it into a dish or bread-pan, stirring it as it cools, and
moulding it into cakes, which will weigh 5 or 6 pounds each.
Remove the cover and place one of these cakes directly over
the cluster, first placing three or four sticks of about one-
half inch thickness across the frames to rest on. Cover all
up carefully with a heavy cloth — a grain-sack is good. Over
this place four or five thicknesses of newspaper, tucked in
closely, and your bees will need no further attention until
spring, so far as feed is concerned. In the spring, if there
are any of the sugar-cakes left, melt them up and feed in
the form of thin syrup to stimulate brood-rearing. Do not
be in too big a hurry about feeding them the syrup, but be
sure spring is here and the bees can fly every day before
you commence this."

Mr. Minnich said he had tried this without success, as
the syrup granulated.

Mr. Pierce— It will not do so if it is fed early enough.

" Will it not disturb the bees ?"

It will not disturb them much. I have good success in
putting frames of honey under the quilt on top of the
frames.

Mr. Fox — While I do not advocate disturbing bees in
winter, I believe it necessary to do so if needfnl. Besides,
I do not think it will hurt them as much as is generally
supposed.

Mr. Fox spoke of moving bees in winter successfully.

Mr. Wilcox — You may hear a different story in the
spring.

Mr. France spoke of a case of moving bees in the win-
ter in which the result was fatal.

ALF.iLFA AS A HONEY-PLANT.

" How long after alfalfa has been sown on land which
has not grown it before will it yield honey ?"

Mr. Moe said he had tried it and it had never yielded.

Mr. Adair — I don't think it will yield this side of the
Mississippi River.

Mr. Huffman — I don't think it ever succeeds except in
the dry Western section of the country, and I believe that
rain is detrimental to it as a honey-plant.

Mr. Pierce said that in Illinois it would not yield un-
less the soil was inoculated with soil from fields where
alfalfa had been successfully raised. He found, from con-
versation with a Kansas bee-keeper, that in that State it
blooms the first season, and that the bees work on it at any
time when in bloom.

Mr. Huffman — It will not yield if cut for hay.

Mr. Danniher saw a field near Madison in bloom all
through the season, and the bees worked on it all the time
while in blossom.

Mr. France found that everything seemed to be favor-
able for alfalfa around Fond du Lac, and that conditions
seemed to be equally favorable in other parts.

CONVENTION EXHIBITS — TRANSFERRING BEES.

" Why are the exhibits of honey so small at our con-
ventions ?"

Mr. France — A few years ago, when premiums were
offered, the exhibits were plenty. Since the premiums
were discontinued we have no exhibits.

Mr. Fox — The members should take a personal interest
in the matter, and bring exhibits without pecuniary induce-
ment.

Mr. Huffman — If we take enough personal interest in
the matter there would be plenty of exhibits, but we don't.
What we want to do is to catch members, and to catch fish
you must use bait.

Mr. Fox — If it is policy to offer premiums we should
offer them.

Mr. Moe — Did our vice-president mean what he said, or
was he simply preaching? Whv did he not bring an ex-
hibit ?

" What is the best, or a good method of forcing a colony
from a box-hive ?

Mr. Fox — Knock off one side of the hive, and take out
the bees, combs, etc. Fit the old combs into new frames,
and put into the new hive ; the bees will fasten them at
once.

Mr. Huffman — Have you ever tried putting an empty
hive on top of the old, and drive the bees into the new hive ?
It is quite a job to fasten the old combs into frames.

Mr. Fox — I have tried it, but without success. It is not
diflicult to fit the old comb into the frames, and in two or
three days they are fastened.

Mr. Wilcox — My method is to place an empty box
on top of the old hive, then hammer the old hive for
about 15 minutes, when the swarm will be in the box on
top. They are then hived the same as a swarm. The
drumming is repeated after 21 days, to get all the young
bees out. I don 't care for the old comb.

Mr. Danniher — I have tried both, and prefer drumming.

At 6 p.m., on motion, the convention adjourned until 8
a.m., Feb. 5.

(Concluded next week.)

Contributed Articles

Management in Producing Extracted Honey.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Mr. C. p. Dadant- — I would like to ask a question or two, if it
is not too presuming. I think I have read in some of the bee-papers
that you leave your honey on the hive till fall, and then extract all of
it at once. Now, I have plenty of foundation to give to the bees, and
I could just as well give them plenty of room and not extract till
fall. I wish to ask your advice on that. Would it not be better to
extract the white clover and keep it separate* Does not the honey get
60 thick that it is hard to throw it out.

Another thing; I have been thinking, that when the honey-flow
starts, and somewhere near swarming-time, 1 would go out to the
apiary and take all the brood from the bees, and bring it home, and
either made nuclei or give it to bees with a this-year's queen, to run
for comb honey. Would it be advisable to take all their brood so as
to prevent their swarming?

One thing more : Is it advisable to tier up 3 and 4 stories high in 8
and 10 frame hives, Langstroth size? A. L. Dhprat.

Clinton Co., Iowa.

We do not leave the honey on the hives till fall, but till
the season is over. We proceed as follows :

Just as soon as the crop opens, we place our extracting
supers on the hives, usually one super to each colony. If
the outlook is very promising, and some colonies extra-
strong, we give these two supers. Of course the combs are
already built in these, and all that the bees have to do is to
store the honey. If our supply of supers and combs proves
insufficient before the crop is at an end, we often resort to
equalizing. By this we mean that we take combs from
supers that are full and exchange them for empty combs
taken from the supers of the poorer colonies which have
been unable to fill theirs ; for the colonies are not equally
productive, some colonies filling two or three supers while
others only begin to carry honey into their super. By this
equalizing we secure a greater amount of filled supers, and
save handling any empty combs when the extracting is
done.

Just as soon as the clover crop is fairly over, we begin
extracting. We never leave the supers on with clover honey
in them for the fall crop, unless the amount of honey har-
vested is so scanty as to make it unprofitable to extract.
The mixing of two grades, clover and fall honey, is objec-
tionable, unless the honey is very thoroughly mixed. When

May 21, 1903.

THE AMHRICAN BEE JOURNAL.

327

it is extracted at the same time, it is apt to make streaks
of different shades and is not so nice as if uniform. Yet we
must say that a mixture of clover and fall honey — knot weed,
heartsease and Spanish-needle — makes a very salable arti-
cle, if the different grades are thoroughly mixed, and we
have often made such a mixture to satisfy fastidious cus-
tomers, but the honey must be heated and stirred to mix
properly, and it requires great care not to spoil its flavor in
heating.

As a rule it is much the best to harvest each grade
separately, and so we aim to extract at least twice a year,
once in July and the second time in September.

As to the honey getting too thick, there is but little
danger of that, and we much prefer to have it a little too
thick than too watery as it is sometimes, especially the first
crop, when it contains any basswood. IJasswood honey
has always given us the greatest trouble to secure it suffi-
ciently ripened, even if left on the hives quite a while after
the end of the harvest.

We say that we always extract at the end of the crop,
but there are no rules without exceptions. We have had
seasons when it would have been out of the question to
keep the bees supplied with sufficient room, had we not
taken the honey off two, three, and even as many as five
times during one crop. But such seasons are rare. Yet we
must be prepared for them. The more scarce they are, the
more important it is to take advantage of the good luck.

We have often tierred up three supers, one on top of an-
other, and our supers are large, containing from 55 to 65
pounds each. We have rarely put more than three of them
on top of one hive. We do not believe there is any objec-
tion to tiering up still more, only with a narrow hive like the
Sframe Langstroth, one must be very careful how they
are placed. The least slant to one side or the other would
perhaps cause the hive to tip, as the weight of the honey
would increase the settling to the lower side. We have no
use for the 8-frame hive, even for comb honey production.
The 10-frame hive is small enough.

If the honey of the fall crop is left on the hive till
November, it may become thick enough to be inconvenient
to extract. As a rule it is much the best to extract the crop,
just as the harvest ends. By this method we not only
secure as ripe honey as can be had, but we also save a great
deal of labor, by doing the work all at one time.

Some apiarists find it convenient to haul the supers
home from an out-apiary to do the extracting at leisure.
We do not like this method. We extract on the spot, and
return the supers to the hives at once. Whatever may be
said in favor of the method of taking the combs home, our
method is more expeditious and more economical.

Regarding the removal of the brood to prevent swarm-
ing, we would not recommend it. This method at best
would only prevent the issue of a part of the natural
swarms, but the apiarist would have to make artificial in-
crease with this brood, or cause swarming with the colonies
to which it would be given. It would be a great deal of
of labor, would entail some risk, and would hardly answer
its purpose.

If an apiary is properly conducted for extracted honey
with, large hives, and a plentiful supply of supers filled
with combs, there will be very little swarming, and it will
not prove necessary to take any measures to prevent it.
Ordinarily such measures would be useless, or worse than
useless. A colony which is at all times supplied with a
large quantity of empty combs, will make no preparations
for swarming, unless it is in an uncomfortable position, ex-
posed to the sun, or with too little ventilation, or with too
many drones. Neither will such a colony produce much
wax. I have seen it often stated that the bees produce wax
independently of their will. The quantity thus produced is
very small. It is only when they are compelled to remain
full of honey for hours and days that the small scales of
wax are produced, seemingly owing to the prolonged hold-
ing of a surplus of honey within their sac. When the
colony swarms, each bee takes a load, and as they find no
combs in their new abode they are compelled to d^rry this
load until a part of it has been changed to wax. The bee
which finds room to unload her honey-sac as soon as she
arrives home, produces only a minimum of wax. That is
one reason why the production of extracted honey is so
great when a full supply of combs is furnished to the col-
ony. Hancock Co., 111.

The Premluirs offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at the m.

Putting Unfinished Comb Honey on the
Market.

BY FRANK COVBRDALE.

AS I was listening with interest to the discussion which
took place at the Chicago convention, Pres. York said
that he had received honey in the comb only half filled
and half capped. This should never be. Is not a nice comb,
that fills a section, after being extracted, worth at least 6
cents? And is not the honey, after being extracted, a
lighter color, and also a first-class honey for table use ?

Besides, those sections of nice combs, which are left
over, are a power to get all the colonies into the supers at
the earliest possible date — a thing of as much moment to
every comb-honey producer as " money in the bank."

There surely ought to be no honey sent to market until
it is finished ; it not only hurts the trade in general, but he
or she who ships it will suffer more or less in future deal-
ings. When I sell to a firm once I want to sell to it again.
And, by the way, all my shipments have gone to one firm
for the last 5 or 6 years, at satisfactory prices. Such a
state of affairs is very satisfactory to me, and should be to
every producer of this most healthful sweet. I have seen a
great deal of dissatisfaction come to light along this line.

I am sorry to say that it is very hard to get honey put up
well enough so that it will do to stamp a £^ood name on it.
However, I never stamp my name on my cases, because I
sell direct to the wholesale house, in car-lots, and the firm,
somehow, never forgets me.

If I wished a greater number of little orders, I would
put my name on every case. Suppose I should case with
several half-filled, half-capped sections, which on reaching
its destination would be sold at 20 cents per section, would
it not be embarassing for the grocer ? Through that honey
the grocer would either gain custom or lose it.

Let me emphasize in strongest terms that it does not
pay to ship this kind of honey to any market, at any price.
I have tried it, but never had a chance the second time, so I
have come to the conclusion that it is better to extract all
this kind of honey, except that which I sell at home.

Selling honey at home, at a lower price, will soon gain
trade similar to that of extracted honey. Still, as the price
is nearly up to finished combs, better extract them, selling to
this trade only inferior-shaped combs, and at a lower price.

Jackson Co., Iowa.

Growing Timber in Germany— Lumber for
Hives and Other Supplies.

BY F. GRKINER.

PERHAPS every observer is aware that the destruction
of the pine forests is going on at a rapid rate. The
gravity of the situation is not fully recognized by the
general public, for no new tracts of timber are being
planted.

In European countries a regular system of forestry is
practiced. The large estates have their timberlands divided
into a certain number of squares. When one is cleared off
another is planted. The thinning-out process goes on
from the time the pine seedlings are large enough to answer
for bean-poles, till the trees have reached a diameter of one
foot or more. Thus the country produces what timber is
needed. We, in America, have not yet arrived at this point.
We keep slashing into the timber, right and left, with no
regard to consequences. It is not impossible or improbable
that, in the future — how near, is a speculation — we may
have to resort to other materials for hive-making. We are
not entirely dependent upon pine lumber for our hives and
supplies ; if it should come to the worst, we could use clay,
plaster of Paris, brick, straw or paper-pulp ; but it would be
well for us to look the matter squarely in the face, and be
more economical with the material on hand. Quantities of
good material are annually burned up, which might be
saved.

Pine lumber is not the only kind suitable for our use.
In fact, basswood timber has already taken the place wher-
ever practicable, as, for instance, in manufacturing sec-
tions, shipping-cases, inside fixtures, etc.; but the supply of
basswood will, in all probability, hold out no longer than
the pine. Other timbers that come in for our consideration,
are whitewood, chestnut, butternut, cedar, and probably
other timber. Whitewood might be used for hive-bodies ;
it answers well, and could be used for all inside work except

328

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

perhaps for the top-bars of brood-frames. No other timber
answers as well as white pine, although basswood is used
by a few.

I have used a great deal of chestnut lumber, such as
was cut from large trees and which was full of little pin-
holes. It can generally be bought for less than pine lum-
ber, and may be used for hive-stands, shipping-cases, sec-
tion-holders, frame-stuff, etc. It is, however, not suitable
for hive-bodies on account of its tendency to warp. It is
even worse than basswood in this respect. I believe hives
that are not exposed to the weather, as those in house-apia-
ries, may be made of basswood or any other kind of wood
without giving any trouble. Butternut answers all purposes
where chestnut would. I have used these timbers largely
for many years.

A few years ago I bought a large pile of slabs. It con-
sisted mostly of chestnut. I bought it with a view of using
it for the kitchen stove, and I enjoyed the fun, that winter,
of reducing these slabs — there were 27 two-horse loads — to
stovewood, with the help of a good, sharp bucksaw. When-
ever I came to a nice, heavy piece of clear stuff three feet or
more long, it was cut out and saved. I have not only used
this material for honey-cases, frame-stuff, etc., but also
for potato-crates, and I have still a supply left to draw on.
It was the cheapest timber and wood I ever bought. The
whole lot cost me but $5.00. A great deal of such material
could be saved and utilized by the bee-keepers, especially
by those who make their own supplies.

Ontario Co., N. Y.

Foul-Brood Legislation in California.

BY HON. J. M. HAMBAUGH.

AMONG the very first bills introduced into the California
Legislature in January was one with the following
title :

An Act — To amend an act entitled an act to promote the apicul-
tural interests of the State of California by providing county inspec-
tors of apiaries, and defining their duties, and providing for their
compensation, and repealing an Act entitled, " An act to authorize the
board of supervisors of the several counties of this State to appoint
inspectors of apiaries, and provide for their compensation, and defin-
ing their duties, and for the further protection of bee-culture,'' ap-
proved March 13, 1S83, said tirst-named act having been approved
February 20, IHOl, and adding five new sections, seven, eight, nine ten
and eleven, providing for making the violation of certain sections
thereof a misdemeanor.

Senator Ward and Assemblyman Burgess, both of San-
Diego Co., introduced the bill simultaneously in both houses,
and they made rapid headway, reaching the Governor
among the very first, to claim his signature. All honor to
them, and thanks to all in our legislative halls who so gen-
erously contributed to the needs of the suffering bee-keep-
ers, with their influence and votes. Many thanks also, to
those wide-awake officers and members of the California
State Bee-Keepers' Association, University Farmers' Club
Institute, California Central Bee-Keepers, etc., especially
our good friend Prof. Cook, who so ably and generously
championed the cause of the bee-keepers, and while, in our
individual estimation, it does not meet every requirement,
we believe we now have upon our statutes the best foul-
brood law on the continent of America. It will be noticed
the last five sections and the amendment to the fourth sec-
tions were enacted at this session of the Legislature.

CALIFORNIA'S NEW FOUL BROOD LAW.

Sec. 1. — Whenever a petition is presented to the board of super-
visors of any county, signed by ten or more persons, each of whom is
a property-holder, resident of the county, and possessor of an apiary or
place where bees are kept, stating that certain or all apiaries within
the county were affected with the disease known as foul brood, or any
other disease which is infectious or contagious in its nature, and in-
jurious to the bees, their eggs, or larva', and praying that an inspector
be appointed by them, whose duty it shall be to supervise the treat-
ment of said bees and apiaries as herein provided, the board of super-
visors shall, within twenty days thereafter, appoint a suitable person,
who shall be a skilled bee-keeper, inspector of apiaries. Upon petition
of ten persons, each of whom is a resident property-holder, and pos-
sessor of an apiary, the board of supervisors may remove said inspec-
tor for cause after a hearing of the petition.

Sec. 3. — It shall be the duty of the inspector of each county to
cause an inspection to be made, when he deems it necessary, of any or
every apiary or other place within his jurisdiction in which bees are
kept; and, if found infected with foul brood, or any other infectious
or contagious disease injurious to the bees, or their eggs or larv:e, he
shall notify the owner or owners, person or persons, in charge, or in
possession of said apiaries or places where bees are kept, that the same
are infected with foul brood or any other disease infectious or conta-

gious in its nature, and injurious to bees, their eggs, or larvit, and he
shall require such person or persons to eradicate and remove such dis-
ease or cause of contagion, within a certain time to be specified.

Said notice may be served upon the person or persons or either of
them, owning or having charge or having possession of such infected
apiaries or places where bees are kept, by any inspector, or by any
person deputized by the said inspector for that purpose, or they may
be served in the same manner as a summons in a civil action. Any and
all such apiaries, or places where bees are kept, found infected with
foul brood or any other infectious or contagious disease, are hereby
adjudged and declared to be a public nuisance; and whenever any
such nuisance shall exist at any place within his jurisdiction, or on the
property of any non-resident or on any property the owner or owners
of which can not be found by the inspector after diligent search,
within the county or upon the property of any owner or owners, upon
whom notice aforesaid has been served, and who shall refuse or neg-
lect to abate the same within the time specified, it shall be the duly
of the inspector to abate the nuisance— either by treating the disease
or by destroying the infected hives, together with their combs and
bees therein.

The expense thereof shall be a county charge, and the board of
supervisors shall allow and pay the same out of the general fund of
the county.

Sec. 3. — It shall be the duty of the county inspector of apiaries to
keep a record of his official acts and doing, and make a monthly re-
port thereof to the board of supervisors; and the board of supervisors
may withhold warrants for salary of said inspector until such time as
said report is made.

Sec. 4. — The salary of the county inspector of apiaries shall be
four dollars per day when actually engaged in the performance of his
duties, and itemized necessary traveling expenses incurred in the per-
formance of his duties, as prescribed in this act.

Sec. 7 — The inspector of apiaries may, in his discretion, order the
owner or owners, or other persons in charge of bees kept in box or
other immovable or stationary comb hives in apiaries infected with
foul brood or any other infectious or contagious disease, or within a
radius of three miles of such diseased apiaries, to transfer such bees to
movable-frame hives within a reasonable time to be specified in such
order or notice ; and in default of such transfer by owner or owners,
or other person in charge of such bees, the inspector may destroy or
cause to be destroyed all such hives, together with their contents, and
the expense thereof shall be a county charge, as provided in section
two of this act.

Sec. 8. — Any person or persons who shall import bees into the
State of California, which said bees are not accompanied with a certi-
ficate from a duly authorized inspector of apiaries, or bee-inspector,
certifying that such bees are free from foul brood and other infectious
or contagious diseases, or who shall import bees from another county
within this State not having a bee-inspector, into a county having a
bee-inspector, shall immediately, upon receipt of such bees, cause
them to be inspected by a duly authorized inspector of apiaries; and
if such bees are found to be infected with foul brood or other infec-
tious or contagious disease, such inspector shall proceed to have such
disease eradicated, as provided in section two of this act. Any per-
son violating the provisions of this section shall lie deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor.

Sec. 9. — It shall be unlawful for any person owning or control-
ling bees within this State, which are known to be infected with foul
brood, or other infectious or contagious disease, to remove said bees to
a new location, without first giving ten days' notice to the county in-
spector of apiaiies, stating when and where he intends moving said
bees. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

Sec. 10. — Any person or persons whose apiary is infected with foul
brood or any other infectious or contagious disease, and who sells or
offers for sale from such infected apiary any bees, hives, bee-fixtures,
or appurtenances, or who shall expose in his bee-yard or elsewhere any
infected comb honey, beeswax, or other infected thing, or who conceals
the fact that his apiary is so infected, shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor.

Sec 11. — Any person or persons who shall resist, impede, or hin-
der in any way the inspector of apiaries in the discharge of his duties
under the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misde-
meanor.

Sec 12. — This act shall take effect immediately.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Ameril<anische Bienenzuctit, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

May 21, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

329

[ Our Bee-MeepinS Sisters)

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Death of Mrs. A. J. Barber.

Mrs. A. J. Barber died at her home in Montezuma Co.,
Colo., March 24. Her loss will be reg^retted not only by
Colorado bee-keepers, but by thousands of others.

In its last issue, the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal had
this to say of our departed sister :

" Mrs. Barber was well known to the bee-keeping; fra-
ternity, not only of her own State, but of the United States.
In her experience as an apiarist, she had evolved some
orig-inal ideas of g^reat value to bee-keepers, which she
freely imparted to the craft whenever the opportunity pre-
sented. She conducted several large apiaries, being the
most extensive woman bee-keeper in Colorado, and, per-
haps, in the world.

" She was a pioneer of the early days of southwestern
Colorado — days when the gore-thirsty Qte was never off the
war-path. Her first husband was killed many years ago in
an unequal battle with that tribe. She is spoken of by
those who knew her familiarly, as a remarkable woman —
naturally refined, sympathetic, and kind, yet, when occa-
sion demanded, could be as brave as any heroine of fiction.
Notwithstanding nearly her whole life was lived amid the
turmoil, hardships, and meager advantages of the Western
frontier, she acquired a splendid education, and was always
recognized for her superior intelligence and modest worth."

Spring' Feeding- of Bees.

1. A colony has stood on the summer stand all winter,
and is strong and apparently healthy. If, on opening the
hive on a warm, pleasant day in early spring, it is found to
be quite damp, drops of water standing thickly on the walls,
what better thing could be done than to lift the cover and
let the sun shine directly on the pad for an hour or so in the
middle of the day ?

2. In "Bees and Hone)'," by Newman, in reference to
spring feeding, we find this : " If there are no other bees
in the neighborhood, the food can be given in shallow pans
and placed in the noondaj' sun, at some distance from the
bees." Do you advise this as a safe way of feeding a small
apiary, provided all colonies are reasonably strong, and no
other bees nearer than a mile ?

(Perhaps I can aid you to give a clearer answer in re-
gard to this particular case, by stating that my bee-pasture
lies principally north of my apiary, while to the south there
is practically no bee-pasture for a mile ; then there is an
apiary at least twice as large as mine ; then a little farther
south there is fine pasture.)

3. If a safe plan, how far from the hives should the
food be placed ?

4. How much per colony should be given, and how
often ?

5. Would not a bowl or can inverted on a plate, or some
such thing, be better than an open shallow pan for such
feeding ?

6. Bees began gathering pollen early in April, and
bloom was coming rapidly, wlien, on April 28 and 29, we
had a cold wave, ice and snow, so all bloom is destroyed
and no more expected till about the 'ast of May. All colo-
nies are strong, but there is not much honey in the hives.
Under these circumstances am I not obliged to feed in order
to be ready for early June alfalfa bloom ?

I am a beginner, and have the whole business to learn,
and while I am at it I want to learn it right.

Decatur Co., Kans., May 2. Auntie Bee.

Answers. — 1. The condition you mention is one likely
to arise with any strong colony, especially if the entrance
be somewhat contracted, and need occasion no alarm ; but
your idea of drying it out with the sun is all right.

2. It depends upon circumstances whether the plan is
good. It seems more like getting forage from the fields
than feeding in the hive, but the strongest colonies get the
most. If other bees are within a mile, some jwatching

would be needed to see whether they get a start. Even at a
greater distance they might sometimes carry off sopie of
the feed, for bees have been known to forage more than
two or three miles from home.

3. The distance is not important. Five, ten, twenty, or
more rods, just as it suits your convenience.

4. Half a pint to a pint daily would not be out of the
way. But you should not give enough to have the combs
clogged so the queen will not have room to lay, and it is
not well to feed except when the weather is favorable for
bees flying.

5. Yes, and no. Yes, if the can or bowl be large enough
to give sufficient standing room for the bees ; otherwise no.

6. Surely, if colonies are strong you should keep them
strong, and in order to do that they must have plenty of
honey to draw on. It takes lots of honey, more than most
people suppose, to keep up the amount of brood-rearing
that is needed for good, strong colonies ; and anything that
curtails the brood-rearing at this critical time is most dis-
astrous to your future honey crop. By all means feed if
they need it. I hope you may find yourself mistaken, and
that all bloom may not be destroyed so that you will not
have any until' June ; but if that is true, then frequent feed-
ing to stimulate your colonies is what you need.

Honey in Bread.

"What nice bread this is ! Mr. John's baker's bread is
it not?" " No, I make all my own bread." "What yeast
do you use ?" " A half-cupful of honey, a pinch of tartaric
acid, a little flour, and some water. I prefer dark honey for
it." " Well, I would not wish for better bread." In the
dry weather bread made with honey yeast does not get so
dry as bread made with other yeast. In the United States
the large bakers are among the greatest honey-buyers. —
Australian Bee-Bulletin.

The last sentence of the above would indicate that in
the United States a large amount of honey was used in
bread-making, which is rather doubtful. It is true that
large amounts of honey are bought by bakers, but used
chiefly, I think, in making honey-jumbles and things of
like nature.

[ Hasty's Afterthoughts ]

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

I,ONGING FOR HUM.
0 for the hum of some bees in the skies !
O for some summer, O for some flies !
(Loud cries of, " Put him out I " )

CUBAN honey IN THE UNITED STATES.

Shall we let Cuban honey in cheaper because our breth-
ren are there producing it ? It was not with that expecta-
tion that they went to Cuba, I reckon. As people make
their beds so they must lie on them, as a general thing. If
they are true Americans they don't want to take the posi-
tion of holding out hands for alms. Of localities capable
of producing floods of cheap honey, 'spects we are carrying
enough already. Page 227.

FORMALDEHYDE, FORMALIN, ETC.

As to formaldehyde vapor, what we want now is not
more chin-music on the rondo, " It's reliable — It's unreli-
able— Nobody knows yet," but answers to square questions,
" How can I get it ? How shall I use it ? What does it
cost? What sort of stuff is it, anyway ?" Some simple in-
ventions and pictures of them, are just nicely in order, that
we may try it without bungling, and without that waste of
time which we usually incur when getting into something
totally new. And let some of the first users give us their
actual adventures — not too briefly. A sort of clandestine
article, formaldehyde is, I believe — more largely used in do-
ing wrong than in doing right — and by users who don't
want the fact of their using it known. Perchance that cir-
cumstance may make us more or less annoyance and bother.

We read of both formaldehyde and formalin ; what's

330

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

the relation of those two things — or terms ? Seems to me
some writers simply say "formal," and let it go at that.
We would be glad to see these confusing words " form a
line." O for a chemist to give us a learned and earnest
talk — at the end of which we comprehend less of the matter
than before 1 (More cries of, " Put him out I") Page 227.

DEATH OF DR. GALLUP.

I failed to notice the death of Dr. Gallup when the num-
ber containing it arrived, and it just comes to me as a sud-
den sadness. Had hoped that it was a false alarm when he
wrote that he was sick and not expected to get well. Not
he that is to write " A Hundred Years Among the Bees, "
alas ! Still, the Book prophesies of a time when a child
shall die a hundred years old. Page 259.

PICKLED BROOD NOT CONTAGIOUS.

I hope Mr. France was right at the Northwestern, in
assuring us that pickled brood is not catching. Neverthe-
less, the man who looks a little out for it is still pardonable.
Suppose we should say, "Communicable, but good colonies
in favorable condition invulnerable to the contagion."
Would not that agree with what we know of the matter at
present ? Page 228.

THE LONG-TONGUED BEE.

Surprised if the long-tongued bee has become a back
number already. She was called for at the Northwestern,
and no long-tongued advocate stood up for her. So quickly
done for — what begun for ? Page 228.

LARGE SPACE OVER THE SECTIONS.

And the staid and reliable Mr. Baldridge can be queer
when he tries, it seems. Likes to have a two-inch space
over his sections built full of higglety-pigglety comb and
honey. Notifies one that the bees need more room. Sure !
But most of us would prefer to be notified in a less strenuous
manner. Page 228.

BEES AND FRUIT-BLOOM POLLINATION.

Yes, the remark was loudly made that covering bloom
prevented pollen being carried by currents of air. We still
didn't know for sure whether lack of bees or lack of natural
conditions caused the failure of fruit-setting. To some ex-
tent I guess we shall have to say so still ; but Prof. Cook,
on page 229, makes a vigorous foray into that idea. Bees
admitted just momentarily, and marks put on the flowers
they visit — just those blooms and no others developing fruit.
Conclusive as to the excellence of bee-work; but even that
does not quite cut oS the idea that the sterility of the other
blooms was caused by their being covered up. All the same,
the seven items at the close constitute excellent " gospel "
on the subject.

BEE-NURSES AND BEE-BABIES.

Hello I Here on page 230 a new question bobs up. Does
each bee-nurse about supply one bee-baby, or more than
one? Answered tentatively for more than one. Maybe
it's all right ; but, see here once : To rear even one bee-baby
the nurse must in about six days provide an amount of food
considerably exceeding her own weight. Isn't that doing
pretty well — wonderfully well ? Just at present I guess we
had better make the question broader. Let it run : Does
each nurse supply several babies, or does each baby employ
several nurses ?

Later. — The mathematical state of the case is dead
against me. If it took two niirses for one larva the whole
nursing time of a bee (16 days) would suffice to rear less
than two young bees, and the colony would never f^et ahead
any. This is anent the excellent article of Arthur C. Miller.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>4x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to.'your
order.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journ
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Rearing Queens.

I tried to rear some queens by the plan given by Mr. L. Stachel-
hausen, page 150, and failed.

I prepared the colony as he directed, and gave the strips about an
hour after the separation — that was Tuesday about 1 p.m. Thursday
noon I looked in and there was not a cell started, and every larva
was gone. So I gave some more (two pieces about 8 inches long) and
at the same time put in 5 cell-cups and grafted them (I had no royal
jell}'). Friday noon they had built out 4 of the cups and had started
one cell on the strips. All the other larv;c in the strips are gone.

In shoving down the cells on the strips I think I cut a little more
than half way, that is, cut off more than half the depth of the cell.
What do you thinly is the reason they would not start cells on the
strips? Would cutting off the comb too deep make any difference?
I used larv;c that were just hatched, and the cell-cup they did not ac-
cept was the youngest larva I transferred. Of course what I transfer-
red was older.

I am going to try again, as I believe it is a good plan. Any in-
formation will be thankfully received. Texas.

Answer.— It is very hard to tell just why it is that bees fail to do
as we wish about starting queen-cells, especially when one has only a
written description. The most experienced do not invariably make a
success, and in most cases it is quite likely they do not know the exact
cause of failure. Your greater success upon second trial is your war-
rant for believing that you will continue to improve. It is the com-
mon experience. Cutting down the cells a little more or a little less
than half way would hardly be the cause of failure. " If at first you
don't succeed, try, try again."

Paclns Hives-Old and Moldy Combs.

I had eight colonies of bees last fall and wintered them out-doors
packed thoroughly in leaves, and roofed, 4 together, facing south and
4 facing east, each packed the same. Those facing south came out
strong and fine, while of the 4 facing east 2 were queenless, and
all had many dead bees and the combs more or less moldy, though
with plenty of honey. I have comlined three colonies and faced them
south.

1. Was this in consequence of their facing east?

3. Can I use those or other old combs to hive swarms on, or would
they be better melted down * They nearly all have some honey and
some pollen and mold, but are good, straight combs, and I dislike
melting them if the bees will take them. Illinois.

Answers. — 1. I don't know, but the facing east may have some-
thing to do with it. A day might come warm enough to start flying
in the afternoon those facing south, without starting out those facing
east. Quite likely, however, there were reasons for poor wintering
aside from the facing east.

2. Don't for a minute think of melting up those combs. Put
them in a lower story under strong colonies for the bees to take care
of, and then use them when wanted for new colonies or swarms.

Weak or Perhaps Queenless.

What is the matter with one of my colonies! I caught it late last
fall. It did not gather enough honey to keep it over winter, and so I
had to feed it about the middle of March. It does not clean out the
mold and dead bees since I put them out of the cellar this spring, and
it does not gather pollen, as my other colonies do. Minnesota.

Answer. — Hard to tell what is the trouble without looking in the
hive. Very likely the only trouble is that they are weak. It is possi-
ble, however, that they may be queenless. Lift out the frames and
see if they have any eggs or brood. If not, unite with other colonies.

Trouble Over a Bee-Tree.

I want to write to you about a bee-tree which I have found, and
the owner of it will not let me cut it. How can I get the bees, etc*

1. Has he a right to the bees and honey which the tree contains?

3.^1 agreed lo grub the tree, and work it from the land, and the
owner to pay me 60 much a cord for the wood; the grubbing of the
tree I would do for nothing. The owner said, " No, we will let
it stand until fall and divide the honey, and then you can have the
bees." I said, " Then you can have the bees, too." He laughed at
me.

3. The tree is not worth 10 cents to either of us, if we wanted to
buy it, as it is rotten from top to root. No, I would not give one cop-
per cent for the tree as far as the wood is concerned. Why. they burn
wood by the trainload in order to open land. Why not burn this one?

May 21, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

331

Simply because he wants to set theihoney, when the law says he can-
not touch the bees or the honey, as I am the finder and no one else.
Why not have a bee-tree law ! ! Towa.

Answek.— I don't .know the law in your State; one of your jus-
tices or lawyers could tell you. I'm afraid, however, that your hav-
inK no other claim than findinsx the tree will not entitle you to any-
t'uing better than his oiler to divide the honey in the fall. And if
that is done any time in September you will still have time to feed up
the bees.

< ■ »

(Lueenless Colony.

I have a queenless colony of bees. Which would be the better way
to do. send for a queen, or wait and put a queen-cell from another
colony with them i Colorado.

Answer.— If you wait for a queen-cell, the colony would be much
depleted before the young queen would lay. Better buy a queen, or
else unite with a good colony.

Swarming— Wire in Coml) Honey.

1. I do not want any increase, because my bees are black, and I
want Italians, and I should like to know, if, when a swarm comes from
the hive and I catch and kill the queen, the bees will go back into
this old hive and stay until the new queen-cells are hatched. Our
bees are in box-hives and I want to put the two swarms combined
into a frame hive, thereby preventing increase of black bees and ma'.c-
ing a strong colony of blacks.

3. We have put wired frames of foundation in hives and the bees
have tilled them with honey. Will this wire, if cut and pulled through
the honey, have any poisonous effects, or in any way injure this chunk
honey, making it unfit for use* Illinois.

Answers. — 1. Yes, if the queen is not with them the bees will re-
turn to the hive, but in a large apiary there will be some cases of
their going to the wrong hive. Then a week or more later the swarm
will issue with a young queen.

2. The wire will not in any way injure the honey beyond the tear-
ing of the comb.

Perhaps Bee-Paralysis or Robbing.

I have two colonies of bees, which wintered in fine shape on the
summer stands, and built up very rapidly this spring. But on the
morning of April 29, I saw quite a lot of dead bees on the floor and in
front of the hive. I watched some come out and they ran as if they
were crippled, or rocked back and forth, and seemed to be unable to
fly when they tried. They would spin around like a top on the alight-

ing board, and double uji and die. The bees have plenty of honey.
What do you think is the cause of this, and what is the remedy for it.

Wisconsin.

Answer. — I don't know. I.ooks just a little as if it might be
robbing bees that were stung to death; in which ease the usual care
about robbing would be needed. Possibly, however, it is a case
of bee-paralysis, for which I can offer no cure; but as far north as
Wisconsin it does not generally amount to much, disappearing of it-
self.

Maybe ttueenless— Unpainfted Hives— Stimulative Feed-
ing.

1. Five of my colonies have been out of the cellar since March 9.
A couple of weeks ago they had lots of eggs and young brood, hut to-
day they had no eggs, but sealed queen-cells. What do you suppose
this means* Everything has been all right for brood-rearing.

2. May I ask why you prefer unpainted hives?

3. What are the main harmful results of stimulative feeding, if
not practiced rightly ? Michigan.

Answers.— 1. The probability is that they are now queenless.

2. I think the bees are a little better off in unpainted hives. It
costs more to keep the hives painted, and by the time the unpainted
hives give out it is just possible I may want to change to another style
of hive. If not, I think I can get new bodies for no more than it
would have cost to keep the old ones painted. I want covers painted,
although I am trying some zinc covers without paint.

3. Bees are induced to Hy out when the weather is such that many
will be chilled and lost, resulting in loss that more than counterbal-
ances all the gain.

« ■ >

Managing Double Brood-Chambers.

1. In using two brood-chambers for your bees in the spring, how
do you handle the extra one when removed?

3. If an extra chamber is taken off full of brood, will this brood
hatch, if the bees are left on the old stand?

3. How do you handle two brood-chambers for comb honey?

Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. Leave the eight best frames of brood on the stand,
and use the other eight where they will do the most good. Some of
them will have brood in, and these may be used to strengthen weak
colonies or to start new ones.

2. Some of the young bees will emerge, but great loss will gener-
ally result. Don't try it as far north as Wisconsin.

3. Simply take away one story as mentioned in 1, when it comes
times to give supers. You will find the whole matter pretty fully
treated in the book you have ordered, "Forty Y^ears Among the Bees."

WHY

We can sett oar

Split
Hickory
SPECIAL

Top Buggy, in all its perfection, on

30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL

and at the extremely low price of

$47.50

!f yon keep it, is because we are large mannfactnr-
ers, know how to make thouBandB of buggies and
make f^veryi^ae perfect and in the height of style
and know the high quality of our Special will

of »0 dnyn' trial before
you accept it. Our catalogue describes it fully
and is free. Just drop postal.

Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writina

For Sale at a Bargain !

4S ■(■fr.ime dovetail HIVES, complete e.tcept
framesi about a dozen of them new, and bal-
ance bat slightly used; ISO s. frame Ideal supers
with fences, nearly all new; and 2Ck:iO Ideal
(^3J8x5xlH' sections, never opened; hives and
supers painted one coat. f4n.M) takes the lot;
worth flOO. C. H. MCNEIL,

21Atf 719 South 2d Ave., ivhywooi), III.

Favorable Weather for Bees.

I begin the season of 1903 with 90 colonies,
most of which are in fair condition. The
weather is now very favorable, and breeding
is going on rapidly.

I appreciate very much the visits of the
American Bee .Journal. A. Boomer.

Ontario, Canada, May 8.

Death of John Nebel.

Another veteran has stepped off the stage
of action. This time it is one that touches a
tender place in my heart. Mr. .John Nebel is
dead. We had elected him President of our
Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association just
a few days ago. It is sad indeed. J. W.
Rouse, the vice-president will, no doubt, make
us a good president, but cannot, of course,
wholly take the place of the one who has gone
from our midst. It is hard to understand
how soon and how strange the ties of brother-
hood become fixed between comparative
strangers, when they unite in a common
cause, but such is the case. I never saw Mr.
Nebel until I met him atMoberly, at our re-
cent convention. I have had business rela-
tions with him for about three years, and had
become very much attached to him. I have
been workini; hard for some time, trying to
organize a .'Slate bee-keepers' association, and
I had conlidi'd in Mr. Nebel. I suppose the
good cause will go on just the same, but,
somehow, a -ti-ange heaviness comes over me
as I think ui the departed. I believe a great

Money Orders.

FounOotLasi)!

A place where I am
rearing- QUEENS for
Business, Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices :

Untested,each,75c; doz.$7 50
Tested,each,$1.00; doz ,$10.

Either Golden or
leather-colored strains
vearranted pure.

Remit by Postal
DANIEL WURTH.

Queen Specialist,
17D4t Karnes City, Karnes Co., Tk.xas.
Please mentloii Bee jotimal T^hen 'wiittnft

One Fare for the Round Trip

via Nickel Plate Road, account Decora-
tion Day. Tickets will be sold to sta-
tions within a radius of ISO miles from
starting- point, on May 29th and 30th,
with return limit of June 1st, 1903, in-
clusive. When going east, patronize
the Nickel Plate Road. Vestibuled
sleeping-cars on all trains and excel-
lent dining-car service, meals being
served on American Club Plan, from
35c to 51.00 ; also service a la carte.
For detailed information, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 29.S, Chicago. 5— 21A2t

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

332

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

FVK Tlllv UbSl'

-HIVES, SJMOKKRS, KXTKAC'l'ORS, FOUIM>A'riO.\

-AND ALL.

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.

Please mention Bee Journai ■w>ieii •WTitiae,

2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

T. F nivoMMvi p

Smokers

BOYS

W£ WANT WORKERS

Boy», G^rls, old and youn^' alike,

aess. Sendoa lOc ttampa or aUver for full triRtructtona and a lioeof

vnpIeBtowork with. DRAPER PI'RI.lSnrNfiCO.Xhicaeo.lll.

California Excursion.

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE

109 Adams St.
Chicago.

Harshfieid MannfactnriHg CoDipaoy.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We ha ve a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marslifield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wtien -wntine.

30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. T Er/">"rFT

*^ . . CASH — for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as foUows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 ErieStM-CliicaKO, 111.

many of the bee-keepers of Missouri anJ else-
where have the same feeling, and will mourn
the lose of our friend and brother. Let it be
a reminder of the mortality of our race. Es-
pecially, let us endeavor to imitate the good
Qualities of men like Mr. Nebel.
Carroll Co., Mo., May S. W. T. Cart.

P. S. — The Missouri State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, which was recently organized at
Moberly, elected the following officers:

President, .John Nebel ; Vice-President, J.
W. Rouse; Secretary, \V. T. Cary ; Treasurer,
F. K. Thompson.

As Mr. Nebel has recently died, Mr. Rouse
will succeed him to the presidency until the
next election. W. T. C.

Wintered in a Bee-Shed.

We had 33 colonies of bees put up for the
winter last fall, 2 being somewhat weak in
bees. We had so many after-swarms last
August and even in September, which weak-
ened our old colonies and were no good. Of
the 33 we wintered all but 4, or, not counting
the 2 weak colonies, we lost only 2 good ones.

This spring, we had very warm weather
inlMarch, and the latter part of March we
overhauled them and found every queen was
laying aud some had sealed brood already.

I forgot to say that we wintered them on
the summer stands in bee-sheds. The sheds
have three closed sides and the one which the
sun strikes most upon; 20 colonies in chaff-
hives and the rest in single-walled hives. We
lost only one in chaff-hives. Those in single-
walled hives we supplied with hemlock outer
shells, but although they all had ' the same
supply of stores last fall, those in the single-
walled hives were almost out of stores in
March, while the others bad plenty left yet.
We consider that bees wintered in chaff-hives
need less winter stores.

April was cold and we had much rain, and
May, so far, is cold. May 1st we had a hard
frost, which killed almost all of the apple,
strawberry, cherry and pear blossoms. We
should have warmer weather. Under one of
our hives, I discovered a striped snake, that
would poke its head from under the hive at
the entrance, and I suppose lived on bees, al-
though I did not see it take any. We killed
it and that ended her snakeship.

Lehigh Co., Pa., May s. Geo. T. Rex.

Bad Spring for Bees.

Our spring has been bad for bees since
March 20. After the first three days in March
it never even froze during the next three
weeks. ThellSth, 17 th and ISth were so warm
that 1 set about half of my bees out of the
house cellar, and they brought in pollen
plentifully from the elm and soft maple,
which do not usually blossom till a month

ForSaie

27 colonies of Bees
1 10 and 17 frame
ives. Good Ital-
los. From $5.00 to
r.OO each.
JOHN HERBERT, Hampshire, Kane Co , III.
Please mention Bee Journal when "writinj?

Special Decoration Day Rates

over the Nickel Plate Road, at one fare
for the round trip, within a radius of
150 miles from starting point. Tickets
on sale May 29th and 30th, good re-
turning from destination to and in-
cluding June 1st, 1903. Three trains
daily in each direction between Chi-
cago, Valparaiso, Knox, Fort Wayne,
Fostoria, Findlay, Cleveland, Buffalo,
Erie, New York City, Boston and New
England points. Fast time and low
rates. Meals on American Club Plan,
ranging in price from 35c to SI. 00,
served in Nickel Plate Dining-cars ;
also service a la carte. Chicago Depot,
Harrison St. & Fifth Ave. City Ticket
Office, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. For particulars write John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 4— 21A2t

May 21, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

333

later. With the 34lh it turned colder, and was
not sufticiently warm a^ain so the rest of the
bees could be set out till April 12th and 13th.
On the Uth it turned cold a),'nia with a con-
tinuous north wind, so that the ground was
frozen every morning for the next Vi days ex-
cept one. Most of the days it was also too
cold for the bees to tiy.

On April '2Sth the mercury went up to br>\
on the 2'.lth to 77 ; and on the 30th to 87. The
bees enjoyed this, but the night of the 30th
the mercury sank to 2S, and at noon of May
1st I was at our mill where they grind feed by
water, and the spray from a little jet, caused
by a nail-hole in the " water trunk," was
freezing and had frozen on to a little tree, so
that it was all bowed down with ice; and
there were icicles on it an inch in diameter
and two feet long. And the sun was shining
on this tree and spray all the time. Such
. freezing of water on a sunshiny day in May,
at mid-day, was never known here before.

On the morning of May 3, we had ice an
inch thick on standing water, and U' inch
thick this morning. May .=>.

There is very little brood in any of the
hives, and the bees are not nearly so good as
they were in March. They came out of the
cellars in good shape, and would have been
now, it we could have had a good spring. If
it does not turn warm soon, to stay so, those
colonies lightest in bees will perish.

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Onondaga Co., N. T., May 5.

Cold and Windy Weather.

Bees generally winter well here. The most
of April, and so far this month, the weather
has been bad for the bees. Fruit-trees have
been in full bloom for over a week, but we
have had very few days that the bees could
improve the time, owing to the cold, cloudy
and windv weather. F. A. Snell.

Carroll Co., 111., May 4.

Bee-Keeping in Florida.

I see a communication from Mrs. L. Harri-
son, of Washington Co., Fla., in the Bee
Journal. She seems to speak very discourag-
ingly of bee-culture here. I wish to say that
there have been some of the largest yields of
honey in our State ever known. Mr. W. S.
Hart produced an average of over 250 pounds
per colony from 100 colonies, and I have had
some splendid yields in the pine woods of
Columbia county. We have several up-to-
date apiaries. My brother and I have over
100 colonies, and took the premium at the
Slate fair last November for greatest variety
and best honey; and Mr. George VandeVord
for bees. Besides there are several large apia-
rists in West Florida, who do a good business
with their bees. I). H. Hekloni}.

Columbia Co., Fla., May 3.

TDousands ol Hives - Millions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just tnade one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

" Sweeter Than Honey."

German Presbyterian Tueo. Seminary,
Dubuque, Iowa, Sept. 20, 1903.
Mr. Weigand—

Deiir .Sir.-— I was agreeably surprised in re-
ceiving by your sou, some delicious honey,
which you so thoughfully forwarded us. Mrs.
McClelland and I have feasted on it and en-
joyed it not only because of its own excellent
quality, but even more because of the kind
thoughtfulness which prompted the gift. As
for myself, I found my mind, no less than my
mouth, absorbed in its enjoyment. I could
not refrain from thinking on tho words of
the Psalmist, "Thy word is sweeter than the
honey and the honey-comb.'' The more I
thought, the more resemblances between the
Bible and honey-comb. Permit me to name
some of these resembhinces between the Divine
honey-comb and that of the bee. The most
obvious is that of sweetness, as given by the
Psalmist. Truly God's word is very sweet to
the man of spiritual discernment. And of all
the elements of sweetness none so pronounced
and delicious as the wonderful love of God as
set forth in Holy Scripture.

Again, as I e.xamined the comb itself, I
found each cell was a regular hexagon. How
wonderful this! Surely, God is here. For, as
each I angle in such; a cell is lOS degrees, it is

Please mention Bee .Toomal when writing

f-Vami
X^ DR

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

11 present you with the flr:
a to start you in a prood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for fuU line of samples
d directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.. Chlcaro. Ills.

Please mention Bee Journal when 'wntlns

Italian Que&ns,

Bees and Nluclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $1.00

One Tested Queen 1.35

One Select Tested Queen. l.SO

One Breeder Queen 2.50

Oise ■ Comb Nucleus (no

Queen 1.40

Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONG,
16Atf 204 K. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal ■when ■vyritma

$19.00 to Boston and Return $19.00

with membership fee of $2.00 added,
account of annual meeting of National
Educational Association. Tickets will
be on sale via the Nickel Plate Road
July 2d to Sth, inclusive, good return-
ing from July Sth to 12th inclusive,
without being deposited with Joint
Agent. Additional limit to return not
later than Sept. 1st can be obtained by
depositing return portion of ticket with
Joint Agent and payment of SOc. for
execution. Superior train service and
excellent dining-car meals, on Ameri-
can Club Plan, ranging in price from
35c. to $1.00 ; also a la carte service
Write John Y. Calahan, General Agen t.
113 Adams St., Room 298, Chicago, for
time of departure of trains from Chi-
cago, and other detailed information.

3— 17ASt ^

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Complete "Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

OueeUS, they roll in the hoaey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, superior. Carnlolans, g^lr.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL. MAY. JUNE.

Untested $1.00 each; 6 fori 5.00

Select Untested. .. 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00

Tested 2.00 each; 6 for 10.00

Select Tested .... 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

fiease metitioQ Beeiotima! wnen ■wrltltyt

Best money can buy $5.00 each.

2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen $2.75

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as^crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

other mal<e. .■ ^ m. «i - •» »

^VorUiag -wax into Foundation ior Cash a Specialty. Ueestvax
alwaT'* wanted at Iiigfliest price.

CalaloL' giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please mention Bee journal when writlna

334

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

everything |

FOR BEES... I

Catalog with hundreds of •?
NEW illustrations FREE to g
bee keepers. Write for it now ft

AQENCieS:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.. Q

Lincoln, Nebraska. ^
Shugart & Oureo.

Coancil Bluffs, Iowa. -^

J, W. Bittenbender, Vf

Kooxville, Iowa. ?■

f lease mention Bee Journal wben wiituia

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens S^t

^^!^'::::-:::::::::^ *& 'B

Breeder - "* 00

2-frame Nucleus (no queenl 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.

Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, fOI.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send mon^^y by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

flease mention Bee Journal -when -WTitlng

Miiness Queens.

Bred Irom best Italian honey gathering stock,
and reaied in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Gmranteed to be good Queens and
free fiom disease. Untested, TSc each; 6 $4.00.
Tested, $1 .;S each Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
l.SAtf Central Square, Oswego Co , N. Y.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED ,

to meet thoM WHO work for UB. Cow keepers al««y> I
have moDCy. We start you In buslDeBs. Yon make
Urge profits. Easy work. We furnieh capital. Send
10 cents for ^lll line of samplesand particulars.

DRAPEK PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago, Ills.

The Nickel Plate Road

is the short line to the East, and the
service equal to the best. You will
save time and money by traveling- over
this line. It has three through daily
express trains, with through vestibuled
sleeping--cars, and American Club
Meals, ranging in price from 3Sc. to
$1.00, are served in Nickel Plate dining-
cars ; also a la carte service. Try a
trip over the Nickel Plate Road, and
you will find the service equal to any
between Chicago and the East.

Chicago depot : Harrison St. and
Fifth Ave. City Ticket Offices 111
Adams St. and Auditorium Annex.
John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113
Adams St.. Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone
Central 20S7. 1— 17A5t

«!rsLRUMELY?

; thresherman has
r. Summed up, it n
test money can buy.

: mudel threshing outfit,
11 find the latest catalog
Rear 'C»ared Traction Englnea and
Now Rumely Separators full of threshermen's h<gic,

arKumentthat convinces. Write us fur it. Mailed free.

M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND.

please menuon Bee Jouruai -wncn -wriune.

PPRAVING

* Onr line of eprayera ana appli.
. ances fits every man'e needs,^

I Hand.Knaipsack.Bucket,
^_.,' Field, Barrel, and Power

W^ Bprayers.twentTstvleB. Beptnozzlee
made, attachmenta. formulaB.** etc.
Select tli^ useful and reliable. Catalof; free
THE DEMING CO., Sal

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

AN EXPERT'S ADVICE

Mr. H. M. Ho

Poultry Supply House.

Every neoessity of the poultry business carried, all
ol thi- hij^hest quality. Also Standard Bred Poultry,
HaN-liint- Egps, etc. Write us your troubles and
yoi:r wants. Ask for catalntrue B. Sent free.

WJ. Gibson &. Co , (inc.,) Union Slock Yards, Chicago.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Impoited
Italian, Select long-todgued
(Moore's.;, and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
droner,. No bees owned with-
in 2^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
OOEENS, 7 5 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

qA26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

f leP'ie mention Bee Journal when vrriting

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., lor Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswa.x wanted. Send
forcatalog. H. M. HUNT & SON.

10A17t BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien wnting.

just that very angle whereby the greatest
strength with the least material can be se-
cured ; so that every cell bespeaks the presence
of God who alone could thus guide the bee
unconsciously to the uniform making of such
an angle. Yes, each cell tells of God.

I find the same in every book, chapter and
verse, yes, word, of Holy Scripture, like the
cell of the comb; there is the presence of the
infinite mind even while employing men like
so many bees in the formation of this Divine
honey-comb of Holy Scripture. But, after
all, the sweetness of the product of all these
bees is the one quality most obvious. Surely,
to the man of spiritual taste, there is and can
be uothing so sweet as the Bible— God's great
honey-comb. Nor could I fail to note that,
although so many bees are engaged in the con-
struction of the comb, there was no confu-
sion in the process or in the result. Each did
its own work in its own place. Just so was
it with God's honey-comb — the Bible. Differ-
ent writers, in different lands, and from dif-
ferent sources, gathered the materials for
God's honey-comb, even as in the structure of
this of the bees.

But why should I weary you with this line
of thought suggested by your gift? Enough
to state that to mind and palate your gift was
enjoyable.

Again thanking you for your gift, I am.
Very truly yours in the Lord,

A. McClei,land.

[The above was sent to a friend of ours (Mr.
A. Weigand) who handed it to us for publica-
tion. Mr. McClelland is about 65 years of
age, and has been blind since his Sth year.
But his spiritual vision seems to be all right.
— Editor.]

Honey and Fried Bacon.

One of the boys in the Second Regiment
tells me that, while encamped in southern
Florida, he went out with a searching party
for water. After finding a good spring in a
ravine a mile or so from camp, he was about
to return, when he discovered bees going in
and out of a large dead palm-tree. With axes
they felled it in such a manner as to split the
shell wide open. Then they gathered many
combs of beautiful honey in several large
new handkerchiefs. Returning to camp, they
squeezed or pressed (with the aid of sticks) the
honey out on a lot of bacon just fried. The
boys had the best meal since they had left
home. I have developed a fondness for honey
and bacon since hearing the story, and prefer
it to any kind of steaks.

The fellow who picked up the honey had
bees all over his sticky hands and was not
stung, but the one who tried to run was stung
many times. F. H. Drake.

Wocester Co., Mass.

Lost Bees in Winter.

I had the misfortune to lose all my bees the
past winter, with the exception of one red
clover colony. This colony built up from a
3-frarae nucleus to a very strong colony ; in
fact I took one of the frames of brood away
to strengthen a weak colony. The colonies, 4
in all, starved, I think : in fact I know they
either had foul brood or black brood. Mr.
F R Root thinks it was foul brood, but this
spring I cannot see any signs of disease, and
shall try to build up some good colonies from
this queen. Her hive is full of brood and
bees at this writing, but the weather is bad
for bees here. 1 have .V2 tine colonies iii the
South ; there was not a day the past winter
but what they were flying.

I don't believe I ever wrote to you about
the queen I got from you when I subscribed
for the American Bee Journal, bhe came all
richt and I made a nucleus and after '.24 hours
introduced her; she went right to laying, and
in about 2 weeks after. I had a weak colony
with a poor queen, and I thought it best to
pull her head olf, and that I would then put

hese 2 colonies together. I smoked both
colonies, but the next day I found the queen
dead in froLt of the hive, and they then reared
a queen of their own, but all petered out last
winter. I notice some queen-breeders com-
plain of being imposed on ; if they will take

May 21, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

335

my advice, that is, when I get an order for a
queen, say they are cash with the order, and
no queen replaced, unless the dead iiueen is
returned. No honest man will object to this.

I have read Mr. France's address on foul
brood in the American Bee Journal of April
16, and I shall study it closely, as he describes
it so clearly that it seems to me one can detect
the disease.

1 like the " (Questions and Answers." I am
not a newly-hatched chick, but I find I have
lots to learn, in fact in my ABC"s yet, al-
though I am 69. R. L. McCollet.

Wood Co., Ohio, May 4.

Feeding Bees.

There are frequent inquiries in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and other bee-papers about
feeding bees. It may be of interest and per-
haps ielpful to some to know how I am feed-
ing 100 colonies at the present time. I began
feeding early in March, and the spring has
been so unfavorable that I have had to feed
more and more until I am now feeding all in
the yard.

I feed granulated sugar syrup in the pep-
per-box or Hill feeders. By using an empty
hive-body for a super, or something of similar
depth, and then placing a chaff cushion in
this super so large as to cover feeder, bees and
all, one can feed very rapidly and satisfacto-
rily. It is important, of course, to have the
cushion fit snugly to all sides of the super. It
is not to be understood that I feed all my colo-
nies at one time. I have made twelve feeders
for the whole number. Edwin Bevins.

Decatur Co., Iowa, May 8.

Bees Wintered Well.

I have 15 colonies of bees. All came through
the winter in fine shape. I did not lose even a
queen. They are doing well, considering the
cold weather we have had.

E. C. Swift had two swarms the last week of
April. D. J. Price.

LaSalle Co., 111., May 7.

WE announce with sorrow the death of
our father,

JOHN NEBEL.
the senior member of this firm, who
passed away on Tuesday, May Fifth, in
his seventieth year.

The business of the firm will be car-
ried on as in the past, and all orders en-
trusted to our care will receive prompt
attention.

Thanking our friends for past favor:
and hoping tor a liberal share of you
future patronage. Yours truly,

JOHN NEBEL & SON.
High Hill, Mo.. May b, l'»3.

Please mention Bee journal wueu ■writme

M,^^^ >i IWDIAHA STEEiatWIBE CO.

MUNCIE. INDIANA.

5Dlf Please mention the Bee Journal.

■S"- Rearlno Queens

and having a breeding queen that is two years
old, whose bees are so gentle they can be hand-
led most of the time without smoke, besides be-
ing the greatest honey-gatherers I ever saw, I
have decided to offer her daughters during the
season of IMS at the following prices. Terms
cash:

Reared bv Doolittle Method.

Untested yucen. 7Sc; 6 for $4.00

Tested Queen, fl.OO; 6 for S.00

Natural Swarming and Supersedure.

Untested Oueen, fl.2S: 6 for 6.00

Tested Qu~eeu, 11,75; 6 for 'i.OO

CHESUY PRESSV JOD, McDQNALD, TENN.

15D4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

SHEEP KIOMEYa'ldSL°y°to"o'i;EJ

~?_i_jn!xr~'

If the Top Wire

In vour .W-liii-h Ktm-k fom-e will not hear llii> weight

of 20 men without lireaklui.', give us a trial order- ,

I'AOt: WOVK.N WIKK KKNCK CO., AI)KlA>,.11iCH.

Flease mention Bee Journal -wnen -wntiiig.

50 NUCLEI or more of Bees on Standard
Root-Langstrolh frames, 3 frames, good strong
ones, with Queens, $2 each; 4-frame Nuclei,
each, $2 5'i. liy express; yon pay charges. Safe
arrival guaranteed, in good condition. Full
hives of bees on 6 frames, $3.50. Customers al-
ways report satisfaction. Mrs. H. Mooke,

7U4 to 7in McLemore Ave., Mempais, Tenn.

N. B,— No Foul Brood ever knowfa in our sec-
tion of country. 2lA2t

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DiscounU to the Trade.

iiyanied lo m

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington St., lNDiaN.iPOi.is, Ind.

15Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

55 Best Queen ot Sixiu-live 55

Belle Plaine, Minn, April, l'»03.

Mr. Alley: I have a queen received from
you in 19txi. Her bees are the best honey-gath-
erers of an apiary of 65 colonies in which are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. (lallup calls them. The Adel queen is
the best of the lot. C. J. Oldenbekg.

A Tested Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving result of 40 years' e.xperience in
rearing queens, sent by mail for $2.00. War-
ranted Adel queens, each, $1.00. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Send for price list of queens and
prospectus of book.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY. WenHAM. MASS.

Bee = Supplies

G. B, LEWIS CO-S GOODS and every-
thing ner;.oary lor handling u,.l- The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
49A2t.t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the beet
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

Wool Markets* and Sbeep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABO- III.

Take a Trip

over the Nickel Plate Road and be con-
vinced of its superior train service.
Solid through daily express trains be-
tween Chicago, Ft. Wayne, Findlay,
Fostoria, Erie, Buffalo, New York City
and Boston. American Club Meals,
ranging in price from 3Sc. to SI. 00,
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars;
also service a la carte. Rates always
the lowest. No excess fare charged on
any train on the Nickel Plate Road.
Chicago depot : Harrison St. and Fifth
Ave. City Ticket Offices 111 Adams
St. and Auditorium Annex. John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 'Phone Cen-
tral 2057. 2— 17A5t

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M\KKKT QUOTATKINS

Chicaoo, May ".—The past winter and pres-
ent spring have been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and dealers in honey, in that the con-
sumption has been away below the average of
the past decade. Choice to fancy comb is held
at 15Cg^l6c per pound, with off grades at 2(aJ5c less
per pound. Extracied,' white, oigTc; ambers,
o(a'6)4c; dark, Sii@(ic. Beesiva.v in good demand
at 32c. R. A.BnRNETr iS Co.

Kansas City, May 11.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand good.
We quote you as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3 SO; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections, $340; No. 2. white and amber, per
case, $3.0O(a3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6>^c; amber, SHc. Beeswax, 25(ai30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Apr. 27.— Little demand for comb
hone.v at present: fancy white sells at 15(gl6cin
a sm'all way. We quote amber extracted at
5ii@b%c; whiteclover,8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected this season of vear. Cuban ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited with intense interest. Beeswax
strong at 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, May 8. — The market on honey is
verv quiet and very little doing, with more than
sufficient supply on hand to meet the demand.
Fancy stock of comb honey is well exhausted,
while other grades are still plentiful and sell-
ing at 13 cents for No. 1, 12c for N. . 2, and lie
for amber; no demand for buckwheat. Ex-
tracted remains quiet at unchanged prices.
Beeswax firm at 3lc.

HlLDRBTH lb SBGBI.KBB.

Cincinnati, May 8.— The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up. Fancy water-white
brings I5@ific. The demand for extracted has
not changed whatever, and prices are as fol-
lows: Amber in barrels, S'A@5iic; in cans,
()@t,iic; white clover, H(Sx%c. Beeswax, 28@3Dc.
C. H. W. Wbbbk.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb honey,
12@12^c; amber, 9(ml0c; dark, 7ia»7>6c. Ex-
tracted, white, 6^(a)7c: light amber, S5^(a6c;
amber, S@S'ic; dark. 4@4!4c. Beeswax, good to
choice, light 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned uo, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Valnes for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.

%Af A Kl^Cr^ WHITE CLOVER EX-

WMn I tU TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Plea'ie mention Bee Journal -when -WTitme,

BEE-SUPPLIES?

Everything used by bee-keepers.
FODDER'S HONEY -JARS. Pron
service. Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.

:6ni,iJfTU,:j,-,i;,ii.;<l

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at College- Station,
Texas, Julv 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Contjress meetings. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet vour fellow-men, and talk. E.x-
hibits of all kinds of stufiE. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what yon
have, and take home some of the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. July7tolO.
1903. at the A. a: M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louts H. Scholl, Sec.

336

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 21, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us you
>vill not be «Ii»>appointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.

i

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham Bee-Smokers, which
pot a little damp and soiled at the time of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as g'ood as new.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 cents each; some of the
Large Bingham— new at 65 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
SO cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each; and Large Bingham at
40 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

f Bee-Keepers, Remember
4

that the freight rates
are the lowest of aav c
We sell

Root's Supplies at their

♦ Factory Prices * * * * *

A Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

^ plements a specialty. Send for our

«$• free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and

m Beeswax wanted.

T GRIGGS BROS.,

f 214 Jackson Avenue,

f TOLEDO, OHIO.

14A13t

Please mention the Bee Jourt

al.

$300,000,000.00 A ItAK

and you may have part of it If you work
for UB. Uncle Sani'B poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for Bamplf « and piirtie-
ulare. We furnish capital to ntart yu in

business. Draper Publl8hlngCo.,Chlcago,l II.

Z9 Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ! ^

BOSTON!

Money in Bees for You. t?

•- Catalog Price on JZ

i ROOT'S SUPPLIES §

Catalog for the Asking.

F. tt. FftRMER, Zi

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. S

Z« Up First Flight. 0

L 16A13t Please mention the Bee Joui

tiiiJ^iS,Jiija,Jiija,JtijiiJii.iiija.Jiij^ie,js,.ig,jiiji^^

'vt^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. Jv^^rT:^,%^S,^°Ell:%%\EE((i'J.''-

No LOSS. PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.

^\^hv r1nP« it «fll «n WpIIT* Because it has always given better satis-
VV liy UUCd IL sell »U WOl r faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of complimeats.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS »«

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Kggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

BEE=KEEPERS,

6y

r])ROOTCO

Ohio. 9^

^^'^£e;^Sx3P^^

.\t^'

Supply Dealers and

Manufacturers a s

well are now very

busy. If you have

deferred placing an

order until this

time, it will tend to

hasten the filling of

same to see that

it contains nothing

odd size, or irregu-
lar, and that you

specify ORIGINAL

packages. We put

up hives and supers

in lots of five each, frames and section-boxes in packages of 500

each ; Weed New Process Foundation in boxes of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and

2S lbs.; shipping-cases in crates of 100, glass in boxes of SO .sq. ft.,

glass jars by the gross,
etc. The buyingof Root's
Goods in original pack-
ages will prevent your
being imposed upon by
an unscrupulous dealer
in the substitution of
something "just as
good." Your supplies
will be delivered in good
condition, and you will
have the satisfaction of
knowing you have the
best. Look for these
brands.

THE

ft. I. Root Go.,

Medina, Ohio, U.S.A.

Wr GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%^^^^k^o\Il.T'

arc headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHlCAivO.
Send to them for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

pvlWERie/iiv

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. MAY 28, 1903.

No. 22,

SOME PICTURES OF BEEDOM.

I See next page.)

338

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

P0BLISHBD TVEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Entered at the Post-OfEce at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
C*EiOK.C3-E "W". "Sr OK/IS.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C. Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is SI. 00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a y.ear extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Associatiou :

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

3d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights. , j ,. .■

3d.— To entorci' laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership, SI.OO.

Send dues to Treasurer.

Ilev. H. A. Winter at Home.

Rev. H. A. Winter was ordained a minister
Sept. 13, 1852, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Last
September he celebrated his Golden Anniver-
sary. The picture on the preceding page
shows him as he appeared at the time of his
celeVwation. We have had the pleasure of
meeting Rev. Winter several times at the
annual conventions of the Wisconsin State
Bee-Keepers' Association held at Madison.
Mr. Winter is also an old bee-keeper, and
takes great interest not only in caring lor the
bees, but dn everything connected with the
business, especially the meeting of the bee-
keepers. As he site in his chair in front of
his beautiful home he seems to be the very
picture of contentment. He appears also to
be the center of attraction, if we may judge
from the pleasant faces which surround him.
It is a great pleasure to meet Mr. Winter, as
he is always jovial and entertaining. We wish
him yet many years of happy life, full of
opportunities to bless mankind.

President-W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwei.n, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. 1.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLlTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr.. Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
orettv thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
preiiy b ^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to
fasten it Price, by mall, b cents; two for Wc;
or 6 for 25 cents. ^Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

C. C. Chaniberlin's Apiary.

In the spring of 1902 I sent a picture of my
apiary in winter, and I then said I would send
another picture when the outer cases were re-
moved. The picture has been taken for a
long time, but I have not been very prompt
in sending it. I keep as near 50 colonies as I
can l3y doubling up during swarming time
and in the fall. My entire crop of honey las'
yearwas .500 pounds, the smallest crop since I
have been in the bee-business, all from .53 col-
onies. The cause of such a poor crop was so
much wet weather which lasted all through
the season. C. C. Chamberlin.

The Old Soldier's Apiary.

I enclose a picture of our friend, Thomas
Carver, and a part of his apiary. "Tom,'" as
we all know him, is an old soldier of the Wis-
consin Volunteers, of Company B, 2Sth Regi-
ment. He enlisted at East Troy, Walworth
Co., Wis., and helped defend Old Glory for
three years. He is still in Uncle Sam's em-
ploy as mail-carrier.

Tom contends that the black bees of Arkan-
sas were a "holy terror" during the early
BO'S, and continues by adding that if he had
known what he has since learned about bees
at " York's School," he could have evaded a
whole lot of swelled eyes after being on a
honey-foraging expedition. We find him an
apt student in apiculture. He laments that
he waited until the evening of life tjefore
courting acquaintance with the bees, and ac-
knowledges he must rush business in order to
get anywhere near his portion of the fun.

Ye fishermen, you should see the old soldier
fool the finny tribe. He thinks the " Ladies'
Relief Corps " in the Bee Journal is about
right. He boasts that he can handle Yon
Yonson's remarks to a finish.

By the way, the old soldier got a good crop
of honey in W02, and contends it's easy it one
will but pay attention to what the Bee Jour-
nal says.

There is another good old student farther
up the river, one W. Irvin. I will "show
him up " later on. He, too, is an expert with
the rod. So, when the three fishermen go
after the finny tribe, there is usually room
made for fish-stories.
I J, P. Blunk (the other fisherman).

Webster Co., Iowa.

Frank AV. Atkins and Hat-Swarni.

It is with much interest I read the different
methods of bee-keeping in the Bee Journal.

My father always kept bees in box-hives,
and I helped him care for them. When he
died, three years ago, and left me the bees to
care for alone, I decided to transfer some of

them to frame hives ; and now my apiary con-
tains 25 colonies, all I find time to manage
successfully.

Last August I subscribed for the American
Bee Journal and also got an Italian queen. 1
introduced her according to the directions on
the mailing-cage, and now I have a fine colony
of Italians.

I send a photograph. Mother took it with
my kodak. This, however, does not show the
apiary, but you will notice in the picture my
hat hanging on a crow-bar with a swarm of
bees on it. This swarm came out the last of
July and went out over the meadow. As
there was nothing there for them to alight on
I took the bar out, intending to make a hole
to set a bush in, but as soon as I got in under
them they began alighting on my hat, so 1
took it off and hung it there for them. I
hived them in a log-hive, intending to " take
them up" last fall, but they did so well I put
them into the cellar with the others. They
nearly filled the old log-hive. Besides, they
have changed from blacks to hybrids, and are
nearly as golden as Italians. The nearest
Italian bees kept here at that time were two
miles away.

I take great pleasure in the bees, and re-
ceive some profit from them; also lots of good
information from the American Bee Journal.
Clinton Co., N. Y. Frank W. Atkins.

Dr. Miller's New Book is thus re-
viewed by Editor Emerson T. Abtjott, of the
Modern Farmer and Busy Bee :

" Forty Years Among the Bees " is the title
of a new book which we have received from
the author. Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo, 111.,
with his compliments. One hardly knows
where to begin to read such a book, much
le-is to write about it. Ii is not arranged like
other books, and is not like any other book
any more than its author is like other men.
Dr Miller has a distinct and unique person-
ality which is all his own, and his liook is
eminently like him. We find Dr. Miller on
every page of the book, and we may say that
it is none the worse for that. In fact, while
the book is primarily about bees, and not
about Dr. Miller, to take him out of it would
be to destroy its value, largely. We not only
find Dr. Miller in the book, but we hnd his
entire family, which is also perfectly natural,
for Dr. Miller is his family, and his family is
Dr Miller, for they probably come as near
beim' a unit in their home and in its work as
any "family on earth. The Doctor and his
familv follow bee-keeping for a living, but
not for the money there is in it, for they
could make more money at other things.
They follow bee-keeping lor the joy they find
in living that kind of a lite, as is clearly
brought out by the biography which the Doc-
tor has woven in his bee-story.

We do not know as the book can rightly be
called a text-book on the industry, yet there
is very little of what is known as modern
bee-keeping which is not found in its pages
and stated in a way which any one, he he ever
so ignorant of the industry, can understand,
and vet in so interesting a way that the reader
is not likely to lay the book down after he
has begun to read it, if he has the time, until
he has read it through. It is just such a
book as one who knows Dr. Miller would ex-
pect him to write, and is a fit heritage to leave
behind one to mark the metes and bounds of
a useful, helpful, and well-spent life.

Every bee-keeper should own and read a
copy of '■ Forty Years Among the Bees," and
every one who is anxious to learn of the ups
and downs, as well as the intense fascination
of this world-wide industry, should also read

'We said above that Dr. Miller is on every
pao-e of the book, but we wish he was more in
evrdence on one of its pages, at least. The
one thing lacking to complete and round out
the book as it should he, is a first-class half-
tone of the genial Doctor, just as he looks at
the end of 40 years of bee-keeping experience.
^Ve think no better recommendation of the
value and helpfulness of the industry could
be produced. The Ijook, however, has a
wealth of illustrations, which are both inter-
esting and practical.

jSpUs^^

jJ^BUlCA-^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 28, 1903,

No, 22.

Editorial Comments

]

Get Kiel of Vicious Bees.— Sometimes it happens thai cross
bees attack you whenever you enter the apiary, and careful observa-
tion may show that the cross bees all come from one colony. Kill its
queen, and replace her with one of Rentier stock. If your bees seem
generallj' cross, even when there is no occasion for it, as during a full
flow of nectar, better introduce new and better-natured blood.

Brace-ComBs in Sections are objectionable. Some bees are
worse than others at such work, and when a colony shows itself par-
ticularly bad, care should be taken that at least there be no breeding
from it. But be sure that you do not lay the blame on the bees when
they are innocent. When bees are crowded for room, any bees may
be forced to build unnecessary brace-combs, so be sure that they have
plenty of super-room.

The Correct Use of Bee-Terms, at least of a few of them,
is a matter of more or less perplexity to those not familiar with them.
An egg in a cell hatches out into a larva. Larva is the singular,
larva the plural ; one larva, two or more larvce. Larval is the adjec-
tive; as •■ bees in the larval state." .N'ucleus is the singular, )nu-lei the
plural ; one nucleus, two or more nuclei. When used as an adjective
nucleus is the word; nucleus plan, not nuclei plan of increase, no mat-
ter if a hundred nuclei are used.

Testing Barrels for Leaks. — Some discussion upon this
point has occurred in Gleanings in Bee-Culture and the American Bee-
Keeper. It appears there are different ways. If you blow into a bar-
rel, a leak may be located by a hissing sound. The use of a pump,
such as cyclers use for inflating tires, makes the blowing easier and
stronger. The same hissing sound occurs if the lips be applied to the
bung-hole and the air drawn out instead of blown in, and, perhaps,
greater force can be used in this way. N. E. France suggests a plan
still easier, if you already know the particular point to be tested.
Apply moisture to the spot, then blow into the barrel. It there he any
.hole, the slightest blowing will show it by means of the bubbles that
appear. ______^_^^

Transferring Liarvse into Queen-Cells is a thing that
any novice may undertake, and he is likely to be delighted to find
what an easy thing it is to do. The only tool needed is a i|uill tooth-
pick, or, perhaps better, a tooth-pick cut from a joint of timothy
grass. When you find queen-cells started in any colony, after brush-
ing the bees off the comb dip out the larva, and then be sure to wipe
it off the end of yoiu- pick. Having obtained a comb of young tirood
from your best queen, dip out a small larva — one not more than a day
or two old — and place it in the same place from which you have
already removed the larva in the queen-cell.

It is not easy to dip a larva out of the bottom of a worker-oell of
full depth, so break down the cell-walls sufKcieutly for that puriiose.
When you have transferred the larva, mark the cell by thrusting in
above it a wire-nail I34 or 1'., inches long. In this way proceed with
all the queen-cells you And in the hive. Nine days later cut out the
queen-cells and use them where wanted.

l>o Old Combs Aft'cct Surplus Honey ?— There is no

question, probably, that they may have some effect upon either comb
or extracted honey. Whether they always do, and to what extent,
are separate questions. For ordinary purposes, old combs do very
well for extracted honey, although it is possible that the honey may
be very slightly darkened when stored in cells that have been used for
brood-rearing. But after having been once extracted from, if not
again used for breeding purposes, they ought to be as good as if never
used for breeding, with the advantage of being tougher.

As to comb honey, however, the influence of old, black combs may
be emphatically bad. Let such a comb face a frame filled with sec-
tions, and you may confidently count that some of the cappings of
the sections will be very dark, the black wax being apparently carried
over from the brood-comb to the sections. If sections be placed over
black combs, the bees may be relied on to carry up some of the black
comb, if the distance be not too great. This explains the reason for
whiter sections when a honey-board or excluder is used between the
brood-chamber and sections. The same whiteness is claimed by the
use of thick top-bars. '

Feeding Meal in Spring.— Feeding some kind of meal in the
spring as a substitute for pollen is perhaps more common in England
than in this country. John M. Hooker, a man held in high esteem
among British bee-keepers, who is now in this country, offers the fol-
lowing note of warning in the American Bee-Keeper:

I tried the feeding of pea-meal in England, where, at one time, its
use was advocated by many, but only in exceptional districts is
it now used, where little or no early pollen can be obtained in the
natural way until much later in the season. It was found that many
of the combs were half tilled with this meal, honey being placed on
the top of it and sealed over, having both the weight and appearance
of being full of honey. Little honey, however, was obtained from
them in the extractor, and the pollen-bound combs had to be melted
down. Sometimes the bees will bite away the comb down to the mid-
rib, and roll the hard masses of meal out at the entrance, and the
labor and time occupied in doing this is considerable. I have seen
this occur in my own apiary.

Watery Sections of Honey, or those whose cells are filled so
full of honey that there is no air-space between the honey and the
cappings, are very undesirable. The best way — perhaps the only way —
to avoid them, is to avoid the bees that make them. Two colonies
may stand side by side, working on the same flowers, and one will
store honey of snowy whiteness, while the sections of the other will
look so dark and watery as to bring two or three cents less in price.
If you observe closely, you may find in the same apiary some colonies
that make sections distinctly whiter than those made by any other
colony in the apiary. Breeding from such a colony, if the bees are
desirable in other respects, will whiten your future sections.

Straining Foreign Particles Out of Wa.\. — Some who
use solar extractors may take advantage of a plan given in the British
Bee Journal. Take the wax that has been extracted in the usual way
and put in fine muslin and return to the extractor. As it melts the
debris will remain in the cloth, while the pure wax will slowly ooze
through.

Introducing Queens at Swarming-Time is recommended
by the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee. A few days before a swarm
issues, place the new queen, caged, in the hive, where the bees have
free access to her; then, after the swarm has issued, arrange the cage
so the bees can liberate the new <iueen by eating out the candy.

340

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

I Convention Proceedings J

Report of the Wisconsin State Convention.

BY GUS DITTMER, SEC.
(Contmued from pa^e 326.)

SECOND DAY— Morning Session.

The convention was called to order at 9 a.m. by the
President.

I EXHIBITS AT CONVENTIONS.

Mr. Fox spoke of having exhibits at the annual conven-
tions. To the members attending these meetings it would
be no extra expense to speak of, which was not the case in
making an exhibit at either a County or State fair.

Mr. France spoke of offering inducements in the way
of premiums for the exhibits by manufacturers and supply-
dealers. He spoke of a case where an exhibit had been
made at considerable expense and no premiums given ; and
thought that unless premiums were offered there would be
no premiums of the kind in the future.

Mr. Dittmer said that the advertising of the manufac-
turer and dealer in displaying his goods was enough, and
that he was opposed to paying premiums for the privilege
of advertising.

Mr. Wilcox — The exhibits should be in separate rooms,
as it attracts the attention of the members from the discus-
sions.

Mr. Huffman — The question is. Shall we offer premiums?

Mr. Wilcox— We can't afford it.

Mr. Fox — lam willing to bring honey to exhibit with-
out a premium.

Mr. Pierce — I suggest that we ascertain how many will
bring an exhibit next year.

Mr. Fox — I move that we offer premiums if we can
afford to do so. Carried.

QUII,TS AND HONEY-BOARDS IN WINTERING.

" How early should the quilts be put on in the fall ?"

Mr. Wilcox — No need to put them on at all unless you
winter the bees outside.

Mr. Otto — I never use quilts, but honey-boards, and put
the bees in late. Bees are always quiet, and I am never
troubled with moisture in the hive.

Mr. Pierce had experience with honey-boards, oilcloth,
and cushions. He had trouble with moisture dripping from
honey-boards and oilcloths ; the cushion is warm and ab-
sorbs the moisture, which is always at the top.

Mr. Otto — I don't think you can winter as well without
the honey-board, as the bees need water.

Mr. Huffman — Do they use it to thin the honey ?

Mr. Fox — The quantity of the moisture depends on the
temperature in the cellar. The higher the temperature the
more moisture.

Mr. Huffman — I abandoned the honey-board long ago
and took to quilts. I am never troubled with moisture or
bees needing water. My cellar is dry and all right. In a
wet cellar the bees are liable to be moldy.

Mr. Pierce — I think that in a cold cellar there is liable
to be too much moisture, and that in a warm one it will
evaporate and pass off.

Mr. Adair — I find that they are liable to be wet with a
honey-board, as the moisture accumulates on the board and
drips on the bees.

Mr. Huffman — I found moisture frozen on the top of
the honey-board, which shows that the moisture passes
through the cushion and out of the hive.

CARRYING BEES IN AND OUT OF THE CELLAR.

" Is it the practice of all bee-keepers to close the en-
trance of hives in carrying bees into and out of the cellar ?"

Mr. Fox — I don't believe it is.

Mr. Dittmer always carries them in and out without
bottom-boards, on cold mornings, providing indications are
that the bees can have a flight that day. He pays no atten-
tion to location.

Mr. Fox never closes the entrance, and pays no atten-
tion to location.

Mr. Pierce thinks it a mistake to put them out in the
morning.

Mr. Gross always puts them in at night, when there is
no trouble about bees flying about. He put them out once
in the morning, and afterward had a snow-storm.

Mr. Otto finds a smoker very useful in taking bees out.
He has taken them out when there was a snow-storm after-
ward, and there was no harm done.

Mr. Wilcox takes them out during the day so they can
fly. He thinks it risky to take them out at night, as they
can not get back, and cluster outside.

" Is it best to take them out in the morning or in the
afternoon ?"

Mr. Fox — That depends on the distance you have to
carry them.

A vote was called for, and the majority voted in favor
of taking them out in the morning.

Mr. Pierce — At home I prefer to take them out in the
morning, and always put them on the old stand.

Mr. Wilcox — It is always advisable to put them on the
old stand if convenient.

Mr. Otto — I always put them on the old stand.

An expression being called for, a majority voted in
favor of putting the bees on the old stand.

Mr. Pierce thought that they should be looked over
occasionally during the winter, even if most of them were
all right.

Mr. Fox — If the entrance is kept open they should not
be disturbed until after the first flight.

Mr. Wilcox — The proper way is to use a loose bottom-
board.

" How do you keep the mice out ?"

Mr. Wilcox — Keep the bees in and you will have no
trouble to keep the mice out. I find a mouse in the hive
occasionally, but have had no bad results.

" What do you have for a bottom-board ?

Mr. Wilcox — I place the hives six inches apart, and then
lay boards across the top, on which I place the next row,
and so on. These boards are the bottom on which the dead
bees drop. This always keeps the hive clean. I have no
trouble in taking them out, as we let it cool off first. If
they bother us about coming out, we use smoke and drive
them back.

" How far is your cellar from the yard ?"

Mr. Wilcox — We have to carry them from 20 to SO feet.

Mr. Moe — Do you prefer to put them in late or early ?
In cold or moderate weather ?

Mr. Wilcox — If they are out too late they will freeze. I
put they out, say from the 15th to the 20th of November.

Mr. Fox — From the 15th to the 26th is my experience.

Mr. Huffman — That depends on the condition of the
weather. I would leave them out until after Christmas, if
the weather was favorable.

Miss Bruce — That depends on the condition of the cel-
lar. If it is wet leave them out ; if it is dry it will be all
right to put them in early.

Mr. Wilcox — That does not matter with me. Just leave
the cellar door open until the weather is cold enough. That
will keep the bees in, and give them plenty of fresh air to
keep them quiet. If I am troubled about bees clustering on
the bottom I raise the hive from the bottom-board and let
them cool off. They will go up all right.

SOWING .ALSIKE FOR HONEY.

" Is it profitable to sow alsike exclusively for honey ?"

It seemed to be the general opinion that it did not pay,
that it was worth several times more for hay than for
houey, and that we could not afford to sow it for honey
alone.

Mr. France raised the question if it would not pay to
furnish the seed to the farmers ?

If you do they will think you are getting all the profit
and the best end of the bargain.

Mr. Huffman — You must induce farmers to sow alsike
instead of red clover. Get them to understand that it is
most profitable to them. I am satisfied that it is a mutual
benefit.

This was followed by a discussion as to the merits and
paying qualities of alsike for honey as compared with
alsike for seed.

LAYING WORKERS.

" How can a laying worker be detected, and how pre-
vented ?"

Mr. Minnich — My method is to get rid of them by tak-
ing the hive off some distance, shake all the bees from all
of the frames, and let them fly back to the old stand, where
a new hive has been prepared, new frames and a queen.

Mr. Huff-nan — Put into the hive frames with hatching
brood and they will kill the laying worker.

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

341

Mr. Wilcox — Put a new colony on the old stand, and
let the bees go to this.

Mr. (Jross had been successful with putting a ripe <iueen-
cell into the colony.

Mr. France thought they would break it up, and that
Wilcox's plan was the best. He said he had seen them, and
by catching them had gotten rid of them.

" Is it advisable to give the bees a cleansing (light in
winter ?"

A majority thought it was not, but it was the opinion
of some that it might be desirable in case of dysentery.

APPROPRIATION IN THE LEGISLATURE.

Mr. France reported on conference with Assembly Com-
mittee on Agriculture, that they were willing to recom-
mend more than S700, but that they did not think the Assem-
bly would allow more.

Mr. Wilcox thought we ought to ask for an appropria-
tion for an exhibit at St. Louis.

Mr. Gross — Preparation must be made now ; if we don't
ask for it now it can't be done later.

Mr. Moe moved that the President and Mr. Wilcox be
authorized to ask for an appropriation of $1000. Carried.

Mr. France — If the SIOOO is granted shall we commence
preparations at once ?

Mr. Wilcox — As the entries need not be made until
August, 19IU, we can exhibit fresh honey, and will have a
chance to make the arrangements at our next annual meet-
ing.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

The following were elected by unanimous vote : Presi-
dent, N. E. France ; Vice-President, Jacob Huffman ; Sec-
retary, Gus Dittmer, of Augusta ; and Treasurer, Harry
Lathrop.

Mr. France was recommended to the Governor for the
appointment as State inspector of apiaries.

Mr. Wilcox was recommended to the Agricultural Com-
mittee as judge of the honey exhibit at the State Fair.

A general discussion in regard to exhibits at State and
County fairs took place. It was the general opinion that
the inducements were not sufficient to warrant successful
exhibits.

Mr. Wilcox — The inducement is to advertise yourself.

Mr. France was always financially " out " on exhibits
at County and State fairs, but always built up a trade by
means of it. He stated that at some of the fairs one horse-i
race paid more than all the agricultural premiums put to-
gether.

Mr. Lathrop — The best remedy for such a state of affairs
is to stay away.

Mr. France — This will kill the fair.

Some thought that it would be just as well to let it die,
and perhaps better.

Pres. France read his report as General Manager of the
National.

Adjourned to 1 p.m., when the convention was called to
order by the President.

TAXING BEES.

" Is it right or lawful to tax bees in some localities and
not in others ?"

The general opinion seemed to be that it was not right,
but that if legal they should be assessed everywhere alike.

Mr. Otto — The attorney says that all property must be
assessed unless exempt.

Mr. Post always pays taxes on bees.

Mr. France — I always pay taxes on my bees, and make
the assessor and treasurer specify it so. He cited a case
where a common council tried to declare bees a public nui-
sance, but changed their minds on seeing a receipt of taxes
specifying bees as property. It is not lawful to leave them
out. Everything should be specfied and enumerated.

Mr. Fox — It is lawful to assess, and the assessor is
liable for neglect under the law. I do not think that chick-
ens are assessed in my town.

USING A TENT WITH BEES.

" Has any one here had experience with the open-top
tent? If so, with what result ?"

Mr. Pierce — I have had experience to considerable ex-
tent, and find it all right. I know that it is argued that if
left open long enough bees will find the way back through
the opening in the top. I have left it open for a whole hour
and had no trouble, as the bees seem to miss it. I use mos-
quito-bar in the home yard, and wire-screen at the out yard.

Mr. France — I don't see how any one with lots of bees
can get along without it ; it is indispensable to me.

When do you use it mostly ?

Mr. France — In the spring, looking over the colonies
and clipping queens ; also in the fall after the honey- flow,
when bees are robbing, you will need protection, and can
not get along without it.

Mr. Gross — I do all this right along without a tent, and
I am never troubled.

Mr. Fox — I am often troubled in the fall when extract-
ing, but I go right along about my business, and pay no
attention to them and get along all right.

Mr. Minnich never has any trouble clipping queens and
in taking off honey; he uses escapes, and never has any
trouble.

Mr. Gross also never has trouble taking off honey for
extracting.

Mr. Pierce — There must be a difference in locality. I
could not do it in mine. I think you would always use a
tent if you would use it once.

Don't the bees follow you from hive to hive ?

Mr. Pierce never has any trouble that way, as the bees
follow the tent only.

Mr. France — Some of you claim you are not troubled
when clipping queens. Supposing you clip early. Then
the tent is valuable.

HIVE BOTTOM-BOARDS.

" Who has used a Js-inch entrance ?"

Messrs. Pierce and Adair had used it.

Mr. Lathrop spoke of an idea mentioned in the new " A
B C of Bee-Culture," that the bottom-board could be ad-
justed to any desired width.

WOMEN .AT CONVENTIONS.

" Why don't we bring our wives and daughters to our
conventions ?

Mr. France — The best part of the Northwestern con-
vention was the attendance of the ladies. We should bring
them.

Mr. Rice — At some of the meetings I have attended
there were as many ladies as men. For my part, I think
we should induce the ladies to come with us.

CELLAR-WINTERING — OTHER MATTERS.

In preparing colonies for cellar-wintering should the
full combs of honey be put in the center of the hive ?"

Most of the members said no.

Mr. Otto — Bees can not cluster on filled combs, but must
have empty combs In the center to cluster in.

Mr. Huffman — It is the nature of the bees to cluster in
the center, and if full combs are used they must be spread
apart — about five combs to an 8-frame hive.

"What is the best way to repair broken ends of frames?"

Mr. Fox— Nail a piece on top of the broken end, or, if
split, drive nails through.

Mr. France — Transfer the comb to a new frame.

" When should the bees be put out in the spring ?"

Mr. Fox — I used to put them out late, but of late years
I put them out early, so they can get the early pollen.

" Why does some honey granulate and others don't — all
Wisconsin honey ?"

Mr. Fox — My experience is that the difference is in the
temperature.

Mr. Otto — My experience is that all honey will granulate.

Mr. Gross— I agree that this is the case with extracted,
but not with comb honey. I know of a case of comb honey
10 years old that was not granulated.

Mr. France cited Mr. Ochsner, who claims that honey
will not granulate if kept in a warm room.

" Gleanings says, • The very meanest colony to get into
the supers is the one with an inch or so of sealed honey un-
der the top-bars.' Is this true with colonies run for ex-
tracted honey ?"

Mr. Fox — I never have any difficulty when there is honey
in the field.

Mr. Huffman — That is my experience.

SHAKEN SWARMS.

"Will some one tell us about the 'shook' or shaken
swarms ?"

Mr. Lathrop— I have practiced it for a number of years.
I always clip the queens, and if I find a colony ready to
swarm I set the hive away and put a new one in its place,
and shake them from the old hive in front of the new, and
let them crawl in.

Do you use old combs or foundation ?

Mr. Lathrop— I use either.

Mr. Pierce— I shake all bees and the queen on empty

342

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

combs on the old stand, set the old hive aside until all bees
are hatched out, shake off young bees in front of new hive,
take all queen-cells out of the old colony except one, and re-
move them to a new location.

A Member — Shake all the young bees into the new hive,
give them all the working force, and try to get all you can
out of the new colony instead of making two. This is for
comb honey ; for extracting it is not necessary.

Do you shake them before they make preparation for
swarming, or wait until they are read}' to swarm ?

A Member — I never do this unless they are ready to
swarm, and I see no difference between this and natural
swarming.

Mr. Gross — I have done this for several j'ears, but never
before knew the name of it.

Do you always put a new colony on the old stand ?

Mr. Gross — If you want a good, strong colony leave
them on the old stand.

Mr. Pierce — I don't agree that two weak colonies will
store as much honey as one strong one. With the old prac-
tice the old colony is removed to a new location. With the
new practice we get one strong colony and no increase.

Mr. Huffman — With this process you simply have the
old colony in a new hive. If you keep them from swarming
won't that be the same thing?

Mr. Pierce — That may be all right if you are always on
hand, but you can't do it if you have to be away much.

Mr. Huffman — Put on three top stories.

As a committee on the St. Louis Fair, the executive
officers and Mr. Wilcox were appointed.

At the request of the convention Mr. France entertained
the members with a song.

WATERING-PI,ACES FOR BEES.

Considerable discussion was had about watering bees.
It was insisted that this is a neglected but very important
subject, especially for brood-rearing.

Provision should always be made for watering to keep
them out of watering-troughs for cattle. Bees want clean
and warm water. If they go to the mud-holes it is on ac-
count of the temperature.

" Is it a disadvantage to be near large bodies of water ?"

Mr. Thompson found that when bees had to cross a
large body of water lots of them were lost, especially when
the wind was contrary.

PLACE OF MEETING.

The President suggested a different place of meeting
for the next annual convention instead of Madison.

Mr. Lathrop suggested the formation of local organiza-
tions to send delegates to the State convention, which was
to be continued at Madison.

Mr. Gross thought that the place of meeting could not
be changed without amending the constitution to that effect.

The matter was left to a committee consisting of the
officers.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Balance in treasury Feb. 5, 1903 .■?22 22

Dues to State Association, received during the
session of convention Feb. 4th and 5th, from

53 members, 50 cents each 26 50

Received from former Secretary, Miss Ada

Pickard, Dec. 4, 1902 7 50

S56 22
Paid Feb. Sth, expenses of N. E. France, as

Secretary 2 25

Balance on hand $53 97

No further discussion or business appearing, the con-
vention, on motion, adjourned. Gi'S Dittmer, Sec.

Honey as a Health°Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3J'< x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

c

Contributed Articles

1

The Hive Problem— Uniformity and System.

BY M. A. GILL.

I HAVE read Mr. Aikin's articles on the hive problem
with considerable interest, and knowing his great in-
fluence among men, and knowing also how prone begin-
ners are to keep changing from one thing to another, and
that frequently when the new system is not as practical as
the discarded one, I am constrained, at this time, to make a
plea for at least uniformity of fixtures.

Periodically, for the past 30 years, men have started
out to show by some ideas of their own that the Eangstroth
hive was not the natural home of bees, and have suggested
and put into use other system always more complicated, and
just as often has the apicultural lane been strewn with the
wrecks of blasted hopes and disappointments.

I know there are many inventors who think they have
been a boon, and have filled " a long felt want," but I defy
any one to show any hive and system that will give control
of the bees in a more simple manner, and still winter a
larger percentage in so great a number — a system that will
allow one person to care for a g-reater number of bees, and
put any more honey on the market at the close of the sea-
son. I know there are many who will claim it (we will cut
out Doolittle); then show us the man, the system and the
honey.

Mr. Aikin wants a hive that is the natural home for a
colony of bees, and by and through his varied and long ex-
perience, he thinks he has found it. Oh, how seductive
these natural homes for bees are I

Two years ago a man at Fort Collins transferred a col-
ony from under the bench his bees were on, and it was the
strongest colony out of his 60. One would say, " Surely,
that is the natural home for bees." But, you see, it is not
practical.

Two years ago I took a colony from the top of a large
air chimney on the Bank building here, and it was the most
powerful colony out of my 600. The chimney was full for
ten feet, and was much the same kind of hive, or system, as
described by Mr. Aikin in one of his previous articles, and
about as practical. I thought, when taking out that colony,
Surely, this is the natural home for a colony of bees, but,
then, it is not practical.

Again, we took a colony out of a coyote hole, that ran
horizontally into a bank on the Union Pacific railroad, and
it was stronger than any colony in the apiary, at the time
we got it. This, you see, was the Langstroth, or more, per-
haps, the " Long Ideal " system. We said, Surely it is the
natural home for a colony of bees. But it is not practical.
But in ray opinion it was about as practical as a system
that compels a man, who is running hundreds of colonies,
to carry an extra number of hives to put on and take off for
breeding purposes. Or a system that is made up of a lot of
little bodies of hives filled up with sticks and spaces, that
should be filled with great, solid spreads of brood. Surely,
vrith such a system, a man is curtailed from accomplishing
what he could with a uniform and simple system.

Mr. Aikin implies in his last article that he has as many
as eight or ten different hives, and that he has had them
for years. Surely, a man with Mr. Aikin's keen perception
has decided long ago which was best. Then why not shake
the whole outfit into one system, and then keep more bees,
because he can, if everything is uniform ? Otherwise his
honey-house and store-rooms are more like a department
store or museum. And, O the exasperating bother, if a
man wants a super, and the first four or five he comes to be-
long in some certain place !

I want to mention a case to show what can be done
with uniformity and system. A widow, who does not live
so very far from Mr. Aikin, keeps bees in boxes nailed up
out of boards the same size as an 8-frame Langstroth hive.
Lath was nailed in for top-bars \ inch down from the top
of the box. A bottom was nailed on, and a loose cover was
improvised. She has no knowledge of bees, but she got a
good supply of supers (standard 8-frame Langstroth) and
put them on, and then took them off as soon as filled, and in
the fall she put $650 worth of honey on the car from 60 colo-
nies. How did she do it ? Simply because she had a uni-

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

343

form and simple system, an old box brim-full of bees in
the early spring-, and the bees were there because the box
met their requirements, and was full of breeding space and
honey, instead of sticks and spaces.

Honestly, Mr. Aikin, I don't believe she could have ac-
complished those results with any other system. It sim-
plicity met her knowledge of the business.

The hive she used was much the same system as ad-
vised by that scholarly gentleman and prince amonj; bee-
keepers, Moses Quinby, .^0 years ago, for farmer bee-keepers
or, in fact, for any one who didn't care to handle combs.

You will, no doubt, say her success was because of the
extra-good season. I think not, as she did just as well com-
paratively three years ago ; also one year ago. I think it is
because of those good, natural queens in a proper-sized
brood-nest, neither too large nor too small, without any
frames, sticks or spaces to interfere with rearing the great-
est amount of bees in the least amount of space.

Another illustration : One year ago I bought 26 colonies
within three miles from your home. They were in boxes
like those described, excepting four in the Littleton hive,
which is nothing more nor less than the Heddon system.
One colony was dead, and two others weak ; but the boxes
were packed full of bees by April IS, and I am sure that
neither you nor I had any colonies in frame hives to com-
pare with them at that date.

Again, I am confident that these longitudinal boxes
were just as strong as if they had been standing upright
like the ideal hive you have described in a previous article.
But your hive, 30 inches high, is not practical, and my ideal
box lying down must have frames in it, as we must have
control of the combs, and I will admit that when I put in a
set of frames I lessen the possibilities of that colony, and I
insist that when you put in two sets of frames and spaces
you double the loss in the hive.

Again, my observation has led me to think, at least, that
a divisible brood-chamber will not winter as well in north-
ern Colorado as the regular Langstroth, in the open air. As
you know, my preference is for the 8-frame, while j'ou pre-
fer the 10-frame, and you give notice that you may change
to a 12-frame.

Let me suggest that just in proportion as you add
frames above 8, or at least 9, just in that proportion will
you lessen the amount of honey you ship.

If I were living where 1 wanted a great amount of bees
for, say a 20 or 30 days' honey-flow, I should certainly run
hives two stories high, for a queen can be rushed for a short
time ; but out of the thousands of queens I have owned, I
have never owned one that could keep more than an S frame
hive well stocked with brood for five months — the time that
is required here to cover the season when bees w/zi/ be
strong. I know of 12frame hives that have slabs of honey
in them 5 years old. If they had been in 8-frame hives, and
in a careful man's hands, that honey would have been on
the market in sections years ago.

I want to say to beginners, and to all who are disposed
to be imitators: Watch and wait ; and when you see a man
who is caring for more bees without help than you are, and
is really shipping more honey than you are with your old,
reliable Langstroth system, then change, and not till then.
" Blessed be the name of Langstroth."

Boulder Co., Colo.

Rearing Long-Lived Queens and Bees.

BY HENBY ALLEY.

DR. GALLUP is dead. We shall miss him — myself as
much and perhaps more than any other reader of the
American Bee Journal. I am sorry he passed away so
suddenly, and so soon after he wrote his last article for this
journal.

If he was still on earth, I could have more heart and
more interest in replying to the parting dig the Doctor gave
me. I feel obliged to reply to his oft-repeated story, as it
appeared in his article on page 277. How often Dr. (Gallup
has told the same old story in this paper — no less than twice
the past winter.

Dr. Gallup says he had two queens from me — that's so.
The queens and none of the bees lived through the follow-
ing month of February. Why not ? Now, Dr. Gallup wants
it understood by all the readers of the American Bee Jour-
nal that the cause of the queens' dying so soon was owing
to the manner of rearing them. How many take stock in
such an idea ?

The two queens sent Dr. Gallup were two as finequeens

as were ever reared by any one. They were of the finest
stock I ever owred. They were the same strain and reared
in the same batch as a good many other queens, and for
which I can show thousands of testimonials, many of which
have been published in my catalogs. Now, what was the
cause of the trouble ?

Of course, I cannot say certainly the real cause of two
such fine queens turning out as they did. But all the symp-
toms point to pretty bad management when they were in-
troduced. Why did not other people, who received queens
at the same time, do as much kicking as has Dr. Gallup ?
Perhaps I ought not to say more on this point, as Dr. Gal-
lup is not here to defend himself. He continually harped
about my rearing queens in nucleus hives, or nucleus colo-
nies, rather. I have never reared any queens, for sale, by
the nucleus system. All my queens are, and always were,
reared by the same system that Dr. Gallup recommends,
namely, by the strongest colonies to be found. I am quite
sure that Dr. Gallup got his first idea on queen-rearing from
my writings, as I wrote many articles on this subject before
he appeared on the stage.

1 notice that quite a number of bee-keepers are using
many of my ideas on this subject and claiming them as
their own. When I wrote my first book on queen-rearing,
some twenty-years ago, an Italian reprinted it entire, ex-
cept so far as the name of H. Alley was concerned. My
name was not mentioned. Probably, being a foreigner,
could not pronounce my name, and so it was undoubtedly
left out.

I do not like to say to much about myself when replying
to attacks in the papers, but the articles by Dr. Gallup and
some others compel me to say certain things that appear
like tooting my own horn. Isn't it wonderful that I have
continued in the queen-rearing business so long, consider-
ing that I have reared such infernally worthless queens?
Did Dr. Gallup really think that all the queens I have reared
were as poor as the ones he has described ?

I wish Dr. Gallup could have lived long enough to have
visited my apiary. I wish that he or any other man, who
took stock in the Gallup statement, could come into my
yard just now and see some of the Adel colonies that have
those worthless (?) queens. I have queens from one to
three years old. The strongest and best colony in my yard,
save one, has a queen three years old. Then there are colo-
nies which have queens reared b3' a />;«/ of bees. One col-
ony in particular has a queen reared by less than a pint of
bees, and late last September. This queen cannot be pur-
chased, as she is the most promising young queen in my
yard. Last August I gave a young man an Adel queen.
She was introduced safely. This spring the young man
, was obliged to dispose of his bees, and I purchased them. I
don't believe that a stronger colony of bees can be found in
the United States. The hive has eight frames, and every-
one of them is filled with brood. This queen, as well as
some 40 others, was reared by my new process for rearing .
queens.

Now, I will give some of the people who know it all, a
chance to " arise" and tell us what they know about some-
thing connected with bee-keeping.

Last fall I purchased a powerful colony of black bees in
an old-fashioned 10-frame Lanstroth hive. One of those
hives has a cap large enough to hold a bushel, yes, 5 pecks,
if anything. The hive contained but 4 frames and there was
nothing above the frames but the cap. The bees had filled
the entire thing, from top to bottom with comb and honey,
and it all weighed 125 pounds. I managed to get the cap
ofi", and all the bees out of it into the brood-chamber. I
never saw a larger colony of bees. It cast a swarm last
year and hada fine young queen reared by the swarming-
process. This, of course, would give the colony one of the
very best queens it was possible to have. Well, now, let us
see about that part of it. This colony wintered on the sum-
mer stand and lost no bees at all during the entire winter.
It has always been strong in numbers.

Now comes the point I want to call your attention to.
About a week ago I was passing by that hive, and found the
bees greatly excited, the same as when a queen has died or
has been removed. Sure enough, the queen— a large, fine
specimen— had died, as I found her on the ground. She was
a young queen, and I could see no reason why she had died
so young and suddenly. Now, get right up gentlemen and
explain why this swarm-reared, and naturally-reared, queen
had died. When you have explained the above please try
this one :

Two years ago, I took my team and went on a hunt for

a few colonies of bees I much needed. I came across a man

I who had a few strong colonies in the first pattern Lang-

344

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURINAL.

May 28, 1903.

stroth hives. I bought one, and it was a good one, too.
There was a glass in the rear of the hive and I could see
that the brood-chamber was crowded with bees. I took a
peep at the entrance to watch the bees going out and in,
and observed the size of the pellets of pollen they had on
their legs. All was satisfactory but one thing, and that
was a great objection so far as I was concerned. Right in
front of the hive on a board was a large, fine dead queen.
I was satisfied that the queen came from the hive I pur-
chased.

When I arrived home I soon found that the colony had
very recently lost its queen. I had queens in plenty and I
soon fixed the colony up all right. Now, what caused this
queen to die, and exactly under the same circumstances as
the queen in the other hive died ? This colony, like the first
one mentioned, had swarmed the previous year, and so the
queens were young in both cases. Some one will say the
queen was injured in removing the frames. There never was
a frame removed from this latter hive till I removed it. And,
in the case of the first hive, it is impossible to remove one,
as the combs are built crosswise. In a few days I shall
transfer the colony to another hive.

I cannot tell why those queens died. Who can tell ?

Now, if natural-reared queens die in this way, is it any-
thing strange that now and then a queen reared by artificial
methods dies? Why, gentlemen, don't you know that where
one queen is reared by natural methods, there are hundreds
reared by forced methods ?

It's unjust to condemn a queen-dealer and say he doesn't
know how to rear queens, for no other reason than that now
and then a queen turns out to be worthless or lives but a
few months and then disappears, especially after such
queens have been thousands of miles in a mail-bag. Bear
in mind that the two queens above mentioned never went
hundreds of miles by mail, hence it will be seen that they
were not injured in that way. Now the two queens that I
sent Dr. Gallup were confined in a mailing cage 7 days, and
traveled 2500 miles.

As I have before stated, had some of the queens Dr.
Gallup reared been sent from California to Massachusetts
by mail, they would, most likely, have been as worthless
and short-lived as queens that were sent him from Massa-
chusetts.

I have never heard any one else say that Dr. Gallup's
queens were wonderful, except Dr. Gallup. He, I am told,
had never been largely engaged in bee-culture, and never
had reared many queens. No doubt Mr. Doolittle and
myself, whose queens Dr. Gallup has so strongly con-
demned, have reared thousands of queens where Dr. Gallup
has reared one. I have spent my whole life in this branch
of apiculture, and now, after 40 years' experience, if I can-
not rear a queen that will live four months, I cannot help
thinking that I have wasted lots of valuable time. Of the
20,000 customers to whom I have sent queens in the last
40 years, I am willing they should say whether Dr. Gallup is
right or wrong in his statements.

As before stated, any one can rear hybrid queens such
as Dr. Gallup reared, but few can rear hardy, strong queens
that will produce beautiful bees and produce lots of honey.
Every queen-breeder in the land will bear me out in this
statement. Essex Co., Mass.

Spring Feeding of Bees— A Reply.

BY C. P. DAD.\NT.

ON page 278, Mr. A. C. Miller finds fault with my method
of spring feeding and says that stimulative feeding is
" always done at a loss." This is not the first time that
I find objections to my methods, and I, myself, often find
objections to the method of others. But because one man has
not succeeded in a certain direction, it is not at all an evi-
dence that the method is bad, or that others cannot succeed
in the same way. For instance, one of our most practical
apiarists, Mr. R. C. Aikin, of Colorado, takes all his extract-
ing combs home from his out-apiaries to extract the honey,
and returns them after extracting. I would not for a min-
ute think of doing such a thing, and told him, when I visited
him, that in my practice this method would be too slow.
But he has his reasons for doing it, and they are good. So
we are each right, in our own sphere.

When we come to the matter of spring feeding, I want
to insist on my methods being correct. The ideas I emit
are not theories — untried ideas. The reader will bear in
mind that I have worked with the bees since 186S, for years
almost exclusively at this business, in from two to six apia-

ries, and for a long time it seemed to me as if no one else
could be trusted with the management of the bees that we
possessed, and do it correctly. We have practiced spring
and fall feeding in all sorts of ways, not only experimen-
tally, but practically, and on a large scale. Under these
conditions, I should be much to blame, if I gave to the
readers of the American Bee Journal theories based on mis-
taken notions or false opinions concerning the habits of the
bee.

The present season is a very good one to show the ad-
vantages of stimulative feeding in the spring, and when I
read Mr. Miller's letter in the evening, we had just been
feeding some 60 odd colonies. I say that the present season
is a good one for feeding, because it is a very irregular one.
In a season when the winter is long-protracted, and the bees
are comfiued to the hive until late, and in which, the crop
once begun: it continues uninterrupted, feeding will do
harm if begun too soon, and will do no good after the bees
have commenced haresting honey. But when the colonies
have been breeding as they have this season, a little early,
and a change in the weather is causing them to stop, a little
judicious feeding stirs them and causes them to continue
breeding. If we fed colonies that were heavy with honey,
we would make a mistake. If we fed when the days were
so unpleasant that the bees that went out foraging would
die of cold we would do the bees damage. But the colonies
which discontinue their breeding because of a change in the
weather, when the weather is so that they can still fly, but
find nothing, will be benefitted by stimulative feeding.
This is not a theory, it is experience.

Mr. Miller charges me with stating incorrect physio-
logical facts. I am not infallible, neither am I a microsco-
pist, but there are things which any of us can see.

Mr. Miller says, " Except during a peculiar operation
which I have termed ' grooming,' bees never show anything
which approaches respect or deference for their mother."

What! The very name "king-bee," "queen-bee,"
given to the queen by the observers of the bee-hives cen-
turies ago, show that every one who had taken any pains to
investigate had noticed the wonderful respect, yes, the "de-
ferential treatment," of their mother. They had noticed
that as the queen walked on the combs the bees respectfully
backed out of her way, as soon as they perceived that it was
she who was there. The bees do show deferential treatment
for their mother, just as if she was a " queen " ora " king."

We are, all of us, too apt to make light of the knowledge
and of the teachings of the old masters in our art. Only a
few months ago, in Gleanings, a Mr. Wright wrote a very
interesting article in which he gave, with microscopic stud-
ies, some arguments that seemed to overthrow the teachings
of Leuckart, Siebold, and Cheshire, on the fertility of
drones produced by virgin queens or drone-laying workers.
His arguments seemed so irresistible, his ideas so plain,
that I concluded at first that he had added some knowledge
to the general information on the bee's anatomy. But a few
weeks later Mr. Adrian Getaz, in a very short and pithy
article, showed that the microscopic diagrams of jSIr. Wright
were only evidences of the age of the drone in question, and
not at all of their greater or less fertility, and that Cheshire,
Iveuckart, and Seibold, were still standing on impregnable
ground with their discoveries.

Our departed friend. Dr. Gallup, told us of an umbilical
cord in some queens, as yet undiscovered by scientists. But
the umbilical cord proves to be very probably nothing but a
portion of the cocoon spun by the insect during its meta-
morphosis.

Again, a few months ago, a European scientist. Dr.
Lambotte, came forward with the assertion that the famous
bacillus alvei of foul brood was nothing but a very much
scattered and very common microbe, existing all over the
world, and we all became very much excited over the possi-
bility of getting foul brood at any time, and without being
able to protect ourselves, owing to its being so very com-
mon. But this also turns out to be very probably an incor-
rect observation. I see in the Revue Internationale d'Api-
culture an article by F. C. Harrison, in which he establishes
plainly some imperceptible difi^erences between bacillus
alvei, and bacillus mesentericus vulgaris of Lambotte,
which he calls Bacillus mesentericus vnlgatus, after its
original discoverer, Flugge. It would appear that there are
differences between those two microbes which, although
small, would result in about the same conditions as the dif-
serence between a venonous snake like the rattle-snake, and
the harmless water-snake. Hancock Co., III.

The Hiemlums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

345

[ Our Bee'HeepinS Sisters J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Using Unfinished Sections.

On page 312, Mr. Arthur C. Miller refers to the matter
of using unfinished sections, and thinks the secret of the
trouble is in putting- on sections that still contain honey.
Mr. Miller's views are sound on that point, but I think he is
in error in supposing- that either Mr. Doolittle or myself has
missed that point, and I think that Mr. Miller seems himself
to have missed the point in dispute between Mr. Doolittle
and myself. We are both agreed that the honey should be
cleaned out before the sections can be again used to store
in ; but I hold that it must be cleaned out before there has
been any granulation ; and Mr. Doolittle thinks it can be
cleaned out as well after.

There is no disputing the fact that if bees are allowed
to rob out the liquid honey in the fall they will make a
clean job of it. The fact that I have seen so many cases in
which plenty of granules were left in the cells when granu-
lated honey was cleaned out, even when robbed, makes it
seem doubtful that the granules can be all gotten out be-
fore the bees again store in the sections. If Mr. Doolittle
succeeds in that respect, it does not follow that others will.
The plain question is this : Can we, in general, rely upon
getting the bees to clean out the last vestige of granulation
in sections? If Mr. Miller can tell us whether yes or no is
the right answer to this question, he will be helping.

An Experience— White and Red Clover, Alfalfa
and Buckwheat.

Myself and family are diligent readers of the American
Bee Journal. It has been of great help to us in beginning
the bee-business. I have often thought to write and tell
how I started in the business, and how I came out after two
years' experience.

I first bought a good, healthy colony of bees for »5.00 ;
then I let a man bring his bees (a small colony) from
the city to our yard, for which he gave me one prime swarm
and 24 pounds of honey — just for the rent of the ground.
Then we (I mean my husband and I) bought five colonies at
$2.30 a colony, and got but two swarms last season. I also
divided one colony that threw out a swarm, and, when I
hived it it immediately went back to the old colony.

Last winter was not a hard one on bees in our locality,
but we lost three colonies, two from mice destroying them.
One smothered by the snow, while my husband was sick.
But we have nine good colonies left.

My, what an experience I had with our first swarm. It
settled very high in an old apple-tree, the limbs were very
far from the body of the tree, and my husband was in town.
What was I to do? I sent my " twin swarm-catcher" to
the neighbor's, and he came, but what did he do ? He said
he was afraid of bees. I then, with the efficient aid of my
16-year-old daughter, fixed our new hive, climbed the tree,
and with a saw, rope, and water, sawed the limb ofif and let
the bees down to my daughter, but they immediately went
to a higher limb. I was all tired out. Just then a perfect
stranger came to the house for dinner. I then asked hira if
he would help, me get the bees down. He said he was afraid
of bees. As I had no veil or bee-fixtures, I took one of my
lace curtains to tie over his head, and he got them to the
hive after I cut the limb off. We saved the swarm all right
with not a sting.

The first of last September we had two swarms, and
saved both, but the next day a swarm came out and left.

Bloom is heavy, and the bees are very busy this week.
Last week was cold and wet. Last year one colony was
prepared for comb honey, and I believe it stored SO pounds,
while some others had no surplus at all ; and one was even
entirely without honey, but we fed it till buckwheat came,
when it stored nearly enough to winter on.

1. Why did bees not work on white clover last year ?

2. The red clover was full of bees, but there was none
on white clover.

3. We have a lot sowed to alfalfa, but there was no
honey in it last year ; we did not cut it.

4. Will buckwheat yield nectar if sowed now, the first
of May ? Mrs. Mary E. Houser.

Howard Co.,-Ind., April 29.

Answers. — 1. Probably because there was no nectar in
it. An abundant bloom of white clover does not always
mean a large honey crop, for .sometimes it does not secrete
nectar. Just why, it is difficult to say, but due perhaps to
certain atmospheric conditions. A cold, wet season will
very seldom give much nectar.

2. So your bees worked on red clover, did they ? You
must have some of the long-tongued strain of bees. I won-
der if red clover will secrete nectar when white clover will
not.

3. There has never been any report of alfalfa yielding
any honey east of the Mississippi. In fact, there has been
no general success in getting it to grow luxuriantly in the
East. We are told by the experiment stations that alfalfa
will succeed in the East if the land be inoculated with some
of the soil from the regions where alfalfa is a success. Let
us hope that when it gets to growing in the East as it does
in the West — if it ever does — it will then be as good a honey-
plant as it is in Colorado.

4. Buckwheat will probably not yield nectar as well if
sown the first of May as later, but it is not always a
dependable nectar-yielder, no matter when sown.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

)

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

IMPORTS OF HONEY AND BEESWAX.

When Uncle Sam talks about imports he speaks by the
card, and we can trust his figures. He collected money on
so many gallons of honey. (Under a corrupt service import
figures are too small — importers striving to pay on less
goods than they get in with ; but I guess we can trust
our service at present.) And so beeswax importation
decreased quite a bit from 1901 to 1902. The official figures
speak of gallons, while we mostly think of honey in pounds
and tons. Translated into tons, just a thousand tons, came
in in 1901 and only 920 tons in 1902 — or say a hundred car-
loads declined to 92 carloads. Not only did the amount of
wax double, but the official price went up from 26 cents a
pound to 28. On the other hand, the official price of honey
went down from 4 cents a pound in 1901 to 3 cents a pound
in 1902. Page 243.

HENRY ALLEY AND HIS PICTURE.

What a nice picture of Henry Alley ! The smile seems
to say, " Lots of queens on hand, and lots of orders coming^
in." No, I'll take that back for repairs. The smile seems
to say, "There are things in the universe even more pleas-
ant to think of than orders and queens." Page 243.

FOUL BROOD BY MAIL.

My estimate of N. E. France had grown considerably
by the time I got through the second paragraph of his paper
on foul brood. Only a few rare persons can talk on an old,
worn-out. and not very nice subject, and interest us at
once. If Mr. France knows a case where five queens from
a foul apiary infected all five of the colonies to which they
were introduced, it is about time some of us awoke from our
slumbers. Whether the disease traveled in cage, queen or
candy, it came by mail — and came as a return for the un-
suspecting apiarist's dollar. Page 244 and 261.

THE PRESENCE OF DRONES IN A COLONY.

gr^But. Mr. Dadant, it is not quite always that we can
have the warming presence of drones answered by workers
just as well. The first night after swarming finds workers
reared in the drones place mostly all gone, while most of
the drones are where they are needed. I will freely grant
to you, however, that this is but a small item to the drone's
credit— and that the drone's practical value as a heat-pro-
ducer is liable to great exaggeration. There is, however,
another little unsettled point which may yet prove of some
importance. Will 50,000 bees in the flush of the season feel

346

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

quite satisfied in their own minds if no drones are among
them ? Page 246.

OVERSTOCKING A LOCALITY.

To Miss Wilson's excellent analysis of the rights and
•wrongs of overstocking I would add this : There might be
'five grocers in one little tov?n and yet the public be so poorly
served that it vcould be altogether right, proper and desir-
able for an honest, up-to-date, live man to come in and start
a grocery there. A corresponding state of things in apicul-
ture is hardly supposable. To get at the moral point, I sup-
pose that in almost every case a crowding grocer salves his
conscience with the belief that the public are going to be
benefited. The crowding bee-man comes much nearer to
being a hog, pure and simple. Page 247.

FEEDING BEES IN WINTER.

And here is a beginner who has five colonies on a shelf
in a nice, warm cellar. He has found he can make them
come down and take feed — has done so several times, and
says he is going to do so more. This is because (or say
partly because) the colony he is particularly monkeying
with — he kind 'o thinks it may be a little short of food.
Don't, Mr. A. M. Deitz I I hope you will tolerate me in say-
ing this. If you really are apprehensive of starvation find
out for sure ; and then give them food once for all. I know
its tough to ask a boy with the bee-fever to let bees alone ;
but their winter quiet should not be intruded on. Pretty
sure to do them harm, and may kill them altogether. Page
254.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the otBoe of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Wants Honey First, then Increase.

I have been feeding my bees all spring and have them pretty
strong, so much so that I have had to put on the second story so they
would have room to cluster on cold nights. Now, I want to get all
the white clover section honey I can. I saw in the Bee Journal that
to double the story is not a good plan as they will till the upper story
first and will not put it in the sections. What I should like to know is:
How will it do to take the upper story oil and make a colony out of
them? As I desire to increase my colonies, what would you advise?
I want all the honey I can get first; increase is a second consideration.

Illinois.

AxawER. — Malting a swarm of one story will work well, but you
may get a little more honey to work a little differently. When it
comes time to put on a super, sort out the eight combs that have in
them the most sealed brood, leaving these on the old stand. Take the
other eight combs with only enough bees to care for the brood, and
set on a new stand. On this same new stand you can also put the
story that you take from one or two other colonies, giving a queen or
queen-cell. You can get extracted honey from this colony, or two
weeks later you can reduce it to one story and work for comb.

Transferring Bees and Rearing a Queen.

I have a few colonies of bees in odd-sized hives which I wish to
transfer to Hoffman frames. I want to increase all I can. How would
this do J On a warm day about 10 o'clock, move the old hive and
set a new hive in its place, with one-inch starters and a frame of young
brood. Would there be enough bees from the old hive to care for the
brood and rear a queen? North Carolina.

Answer. — Better not try it. It would be a costly way of rearing
a young queen, and you wouldn't be sure of a good queen then. Tou
would get all the field-bees of the old colony, greatly crippling that,
and old bees are not the right kind to rear cjueens.

A Beginner's Questions.

1. I am a beginner in the bee-business. I have 2 colonies which
wintered finely. They are hybrid bees and I should like to know if it
would be right to get an Italian queen and kill the old queen and give
them the Italian queen. I have heard that they often kill the new
queen when doing that way.

2. Are all your Italian queens (that you sell, the tested and un-
tested queens) fertile, i. e., have they been mated by Italian drones?

3. In one of our hives the combs are molded and we left them in
thinking that the Ijees would clean them out, but they are gathering

honey now and the comb is the same. Had we better cut the molded
comb out or not'

■1. When I put on supers ought I to put on two at one time !

5. Do bees get any honey, or only pollen, out of dandelion blos-
soms?

6. Are all Italian queens long-tongued, i. e., all genuine Italian
queens.

T. What is the best way to get a swarm of bees that are flying?
Will throwing sand on them bring them down ?

5. If the queen has clipped wings wlien they swarm, will she
crawl a little way from the entrance and then will all the bees cluster
about her so that you can put them in a: hive?

9. Are Italian bees much better than hybrid bees?

10. Do bees gather much honey from wild cherry blossoms?

Michigan.

Answers. — 1. Yes, that would be all right. There are more or
less cases of loss in introducing queens; by following the instructions
that come with the queens you will generally succeed.

2. I am rearing t(ueens only for my own use, but when yon buy a
queen of any kind, unless, it is distinctly stated that she is a virgin
queen, it is always understood that she is mated and laying. If un-
tested, there is no agreement as to the kind of drone she has met. If
tested or warranted, it is understood that she has met an Italian
drone, unless stated to the contrary.

.3. Unless the combs are very bad indeed, I think you will find that
the bees will clean them before the brood-nest spreads to the moldy
combs.

4. Only one.

.5. Lots of honey.

6. They vary.

7. Let them alone and they will cluster of themselves.

8. No, if you let them alone, the queen will generally go back into
the hive of her own accord. Catch the queen, put an empty hive in
place of the old one, and then when the bees of the swarm come back
and begin to run into new hive, let the queen run in with them.

9. Some hybrid bees are just as good as Italians, but when you
breed from pure stock you are more sure of having the same blood con-
tinued than when you breed hybrids.

10. I don't know, but I think likely they do.

Preventing Ants— Fumigating Honey^How Many
Swarms for One Hive.

1. I have my hives standing on elm blocks, 3 feet by 12 inches,
two blocks under each hive, and lying down, with a couple of pieces of
plank crosswise. Is there any danger of ants getting into the blocks
and afterward bothering the bees? (The ground is low, and not
sandy. J If so, bow shall I prevent it?

2. How do you fumigate sections filled with comb already in the
supers?

3. How many hives would yon advise a person to run into a hive!

Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. In the South ants are very troublesome, but not
often as far north as Wisconsin. I have, however, had bottom-boards
completly honey-combed by large black ants, but only two or three
cases. If you should fear any trouble of this kind, you could prob-
ably avoid it by painting with coal-tar. The probability, however, is
that you will not need to take any precautions.

3. Pile up the supers, set on top a saucer with two or three table-
spoonfuls of bisulphide of carbon, set an empty super over, and cover
up 24 hours. But don't bring a light anywhere near or you may get
blowed up.

3. One, if it's strong enough: three, if weak enough. Generally
you will not double up prime swarms, but two or three second swarjis
may generally be united to advantage. It is better, however, not to
allow second swarms.

Feeding Burnt Honey.

1. I have some honey which is burnt a little. Will it be all right
to feed it to the bees in spring ? Wisconsin.

Answer. — Yes, it will be all right to feed such honey when bees
are having daily flights, but it would be death for wintering.

Dividing for Increase.

I am keeping bees on a small scale, but have been at it about 12
years, and the most I have had was 34 colonies. I have read "ABC "
and some others, and have read journals. Most of the time I run for
comb honey in pound bo.xes. I have prevented swarming to a great
extent, until I have almost a non-swarming class of bees. Now I
want to increase, but I want to get honey, too. The flow is on hand
now.

1. Can't I divide as soon as the fiow is bver, and build up by the
next, which comes about June 15?

2. Can I introduce queens to the queenless parts safely any time I
like?

3. When would I better divide to get ready for the basswood,
which will be in about June IS? Arkansas.

Answers. — 1. Whether you can divide and build up in time for
the June 1.5 flow depends largely on the length of time you will have
between meals. You don't say how long before June 15 the flrst flow

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

347

ceases. If you have only^a week to build up, you can hardly iii.il
but you might la three.

•J. Yes.

3. I'm not sure I fully understand your question, but if you
only a short time to work between harvests, then act accordinfrly
you have a lonp enough time, you can make a new colony from
old one. If there isn't time enontrh for that, then draw only eni
brood to make one new colony out of each two old ones. If the
is too short for that, then draw only one or two combs of brood
bees from each old one, and make a new one out of several old on

liave
. If
i-ach
High
time
and

Size of Hive— Shade— Best Bees.

1. In a country where the seasons are wet and dry — very wet in
winter and very dry in summer — and where the temperature never
goes below 27 above zero, and rarely higher than 95 in the shade in the
summer, where sunstrokes are unknown, would you recommend deep,
shallow, or medium hives?

i. Considering the above climatic conditions, would you recom-
mend that a roof be placed over the hives on the grdund for shelter*

3. Keeping our climate in mind, which strain of bees would you
recommend — golden, red clover, leather-color, or Carniolan ? I want
the gentlest and best workers. California.

Answers. — 1. For extracted honey, perhaps little choice; but for
comb the medium or shallow would be better.

•-'. Hardly, except for sake of sheltering the bee-keeper from the
sun while at work at the hives; and for that purpose a covering of
boughs or vines would be sufficient.

3. It isn't so much a difference between golden, red-clover, etc.,
as it is to have the best of either one that you do have. The best of

any one of them is better than the poorest of any other kind. Possi-
bly you might find among the leather-colored something that would
suit you as well as any, and there is nothing to binder any one of the
other three kinds from being red-clover bees. It will be no harm for
you to try more than one kind.

Leveling Hlves-Drone-Comb.

1. If the hives are not level would the brood reared be all the same
size*

2. How can drone-comb be prevented best? Will cutting out and
putting in worker foundation do ;

3. When is the best time to cut out drone-comb to prevent more
being built 1

I have no spare worker-comb as I have just started keeping bees,
with two colonies. Manitoba.

Answers.— 1. Yes.

2. The best way to prevent drone-comb is to fill the frames with
worker foundation. If you have combs with patches of drone-cells in
them, there is no better %vay than to cut out the drone-comb and put
in its place patches of worker-comb. Foundation will do, but is more
troublesome. It would be worth while to cut up a frame of good
worker-comb for patching, and in its place get another comb built on
foundation.

3. It doesn't matter when, if you fill the whole with worker-comb'
only it will be easier to do it in spring when the comb is empty. If
you want to try to get the bees to build worker-comb where you have
cut out the drone-comb ; have the building done by a colony having a
young queen, and the weaker the colony the more sure you will be not
to have any drone-comb built.

SPLIT

:higkory

WINNER TOP BUGGY

Madf? of sclectnd second growth split hickory
throughout. Handsome and durable. This is
a thorout^hly hiph-t,'rade vehicle at a low
price and has heel braces on shafts, panel
carpets, leather quarter top, solid panel spring
back, open bottom spring cushion, boot on back
of body, hieh leather dash, storm apron, sir^e
curtains, oil and lead paint (choice of colors),
open hearth oil-tempered springs. Norway iron
Clip-=. bolts and forcincs and a hundred other
points of merit. Guaranteed for two years.
SENT ON 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Hitch up to It and use It before you decide.
It will pay anyone to borrow the monfy and pay
Interest on it tn take advantage of the threat saving
contained In this buffcy barKain. It is an investment
for years. Semire our large catalogue, sent free If
you write, df'scrihing' this and numerous other
vehicles and harness at bargain prices. We lead
the world In quality, style and price. Addre^^s
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.iStation 6. Cincinnati.O.
--'flase mention Bee Jo'i^'^al ^s^hen writing.

LEGTRIC

E METAL WHEELS
saveall repairs and double the
lifeof your wagoa. Models of
fitrenu'th. Straight or gtajrgered oval
steel spokes. Any height, ttt any

ideintoa

old ;

ling
1 at small.-

Write for free descripti

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Box 16 Quincy, Ills.

i'lease mention Bee Journa:

One Fare for the Round Trip

via Nickel Plate Road, account Decora-
tion Day. Tickets will be sold to sta-
tions within a radius of 150 miles from
starting^ point, on May 29th and 30th,
with return limit of June 1st, 1903, in-
clusive. When going east, patronize
the Nickel Plate Road. Vestibuled
sleeping-cars on all trains and excel-
lent dining-car service, meals being
served on American Club Plan, from
35c to 51.00 ; also service a la carte.
For detailed information, address John
Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 5— 21A2t

Wintered Well— Prospeets Good.

Bees wintered well here in southern Wis-
consin, coming: out in good shape. Thej' are
as strong as 1 ever saw them at this time
of the year, but the spring has been very bad
for them so far, April being very wet and cold.
They get about two days to worls every week.

Last season was a bad one. There was too
much rain during' the spring and summer up
to the middle of .July. They worked well
after that, storing SO pounds of extracted
honey to the colony. It now looks as if we
would get twice u^ much this season. I never
saw white clover as thick every place— in the
fields, pasture.* and meadows —as it is now.
Of course, we can not tell much about the
honey part of it, but there is a good show for
it. We will be able to tell more about it when
we get it in barrels or shipping-cases.

It has been tine weather for four or five
days. Plums me in full bloom, and the bees
are working well. I have 22 colonies in good
shape, and will have 6 or S more soon.

Grant Co., Wis.. May 11. U. S. Boyd.

Look for Fine Honey=Flow.

The first of Jla
honey. They arc-
honey is heavy,
cells built. Rear
weather is dry ar
siderable wind, 1
honey just the sn
paring to swarm,
honey and rapid i

Pickens Co., Gi

V our bees l^egan Ijringing in
doing well, and the How in
No trouble to get queen-
iig is going on finely. The
d line; there has been cou-
nt the bees brought in the
me. Many colonies are i^re-
We look for a fine How of
vork from now on.
L, May 11. T. .S. H.\ll.

A Dry and Silent Time.

Drouth. Notliiiig quite like it known here
before in planting' lime. Seeds won't come
up — and my apiary some of the time (Ijees in
tolerable order, you understand) is strangely
silent. E. E. Hasty.

Lucas Co., Ohio. May 30.

Cold and Unfavorable.

The prospects an- not very favorable for a
good honey cron, as we are having a very
long drouth. Wi- iiave had no rain for almost
four weeks. The oees are barely making a
living. The weathc-r is so cold — we have had
but one warm night this spring. It was very I U4 A l-t6 E. Erie St.,

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to give satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in is,s8. Our stock orig-i-
nated from the best and hig-hest-priced long"-
tong-ued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
before Julv 1st: Large select. $1; six for $5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $n; Selected Tested,
$2 each; Breeders, $4. Two-frame Nuclei (no
queen) $.2.50 each.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly^ as we keep
30O to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Qurrin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

•-^a»s mention Bee Jotiruai "Wlien •wntms

40-DaQ6 GataloQ Free.L^n'fe^a^d:
ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds. Best in the
market. Latest improvements. Danzen-
baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf JNO. NEBEL & SON, High Hill. Mo.
^•easw uieution Bee Joumai ^wben wmtiiLC'

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADE, BuU

Strung, Chicken-
Tiprht. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices. Fallj >Tarrantcd. Catalopr Free.

Please mention the Bee Journal

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00 ; or for
SI. 20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

CHICAGO, ILL

348

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

FOR THE BEST

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AND ALI

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES,

Flease mention isee Journa! •wlien ■wrttlnS!

241S Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, 111.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, Girls, old and younjr alikb,
make money working for ub.
We fnmiBh c&pital tontarl yoa m boel-

California Excursion.

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE "=8„«,stss.*'-

Marshfleld Mannfacturipg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

Please mention Bee .rournal wtien ■writms:

30 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

rt< fix

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

oaid for Beeswax. ^ jo^eZ^r^^niTi

f***** *^-r» m.^'^'^*^ TT %*y^m 4^ CASH— for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 32 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St.,Chlcago, 111.

wet and cold the latter part of March up to
the middle of April. The bees got very little
good from the apple-bloom. We are looking
for a good honej'-flow when our crimson
clover blooms. We have about .30 acres of it.
It is looking fine, and will be out in full
bloom in a week or ten daj'S. There is not
much other clover, as most of it froze during
the winter. I have a few acres of alsike, and
there may be some little white clover along the
roads and fences. L. A. Hammond.

Washington Co., Md,, May 11.

Feeding in Sauce-Dishes.

As I have not seen or read of anybody feed-
ing my way, I will describe it. I got some
sauce-dishes, ordinary size, at 50 cents per
dozen, and put in them two small pieces of
corn-cob, put a super on the hive, put in tlie
dish, put in the syrup, and there you are.

Mason Co., 111. Fred Tyler.

Working in the Third Super.

My bees are doing well. I have some colo-
nies that are working in the third super. I
hived a swarm two weeks ago, and they have
filled two supers, and are now working in the
third.

The American Bee .Journal is a great help
to me. Luther Presswood.

Polk Co., Tenn., May 11.

Bee-Keeping in Texas.

I think the bee-business will soon be good
in this part of Texas, for it is a good country
to grow lots of alfalfa. This is the finest up-
land country in the world, and cotton is the
best nectar-yielding plant in the world. It
secretes it at the base of the bolls and squares,
and on the under side of the leaves and in the
blooms. It, together with alfalfa, will make
this a fine bee-country. I produced 4000
pounds of honey last year. I have 72 colonies
at present, but they are badly neglected on
account of other business. 1 think I will
have an exhibit at the World's Fair. I have
collected the vessels for it. J. M. Hagood.

Delta Co., Tex., Feb. 9.

A Cold, Wet Spring.

We are having a foggy spell of weather just
now, when the bees should be piling in the
honey from black sage. Of course, the bees
are storing some honey in the warm part of
the day, but unless it clears up soon there
will not be nearly as much black-sage honey
as expected. Bees do better this year away
back from the coast, above the fog. There is

PhflCClifl (Tanacetifolia)

the great Honej and Forage Plant, can be
planted any time, while there is moisture. It
blooms si.K weeks after sowing. Seed, 1 ounce,
25 cents, postpaid.

O. LUHDORFF,

2:Alt VISALIA, CALIF.

$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00

via Nickel Plate Road, occount meet-
ing of Christian Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st. Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open return limit of June
28. By depositing tickets with Joint
Agent in IJoston on July 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and payment of feeof SOc, extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained. Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in either direction, without extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Three trains daily.
Through vestibuled sleeping - cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road ; also meals
a la carte. Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for reservation of sleep-
ing-car space and other information.
'Phone Central 205T. 8— 22A5t

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

349

no telling how much honoy they will store in
June from white sage, silver sage, wild buck-
wheat, and other Mowers.

Black sage honey is water-white when got-
ten separate from that of other tlowers. Other
sages yield white honey, but it is not as clear
as the black.

This is tine, growing weather, and we may
make up for our present loss later on. We
had a bad season to build up our bees, there
being so much rain and cold weather.

The bees are using nearly every cell of old
honey, thus lessening the danger from foul
brood. We have some of it yet around in the
rocks and trees waiting for a dry year to
scatter it. Bee-keepers have to be on their
guard all the year around in California,
although the danger is less during the honey-
flow. Many counties in the northern part of
the State are in danger of the "old bear"
(foul_ brood), nothing being done to keep it
from'spreading. Only counties having ten or
more bee-keepers or property owners entered
can have an inspector appointed inulrr lhr hno.
E. ARcnin.\Li).

Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 11.

Unfavorable Spring.

So far this has been an unfavorable spring
for the bees. It has been cold, windy, cloudy
and wet, most of the time. There were only
a few days that they could get anything out-
side the hives, and nearly all the colonies had
to be fed to keep them alive. It rained
heavy night before last. Creeks and Zumbro
River are high to-day, and overflowing, doing
much damage to crops. Clover looks nice.
C. Theilmann.

Wabasha Co., Minn., May 13.

Feeding Beet-Sugar.

Bees wintered well with only about 2'^ per-
cent loss. I am feeding some now. In an
article on page 398, there is something about
cane-sugar. I have fed 40U pouuds of beet-
sugar since last October. I got it at the fac-
tory and fed it with no bad results. There is
no lime in it to give bad results. Beet-sugar
has the appearance of being dirty, while cane-
sugar has not. W. O. Darnell.

Weld Co., Colo., May 11.

Cotton a Good Honey-Plant.

My bees are doing well, storing honey right
along. I fed them from Feb. 1 until May 1,
and they are in better condition than is usual
at this time of year. They cast large swarms,
and look healthy. I have had 14 swarms,
and they go right to work. I am looking for
a big honey crop, and hope we will not be
disappointed. Cotton is one of our best

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens 5^?

1 6 12

Untested $1.00 $ S.uO $ 9.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 . 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in lig"ht shipping^-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug". 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were

E laced in 10-frame hives and now they are in
neconditioD. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec 31, 1'>01.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Monev Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

ITAtf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Be© Journal ■when VTritliis

THoiisands ot Hives - Millions o! Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not sellinfj goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping: to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

' Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan-Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Flease mention Bee Journal -when writlne:

#

The Hirdle Whitewashing
Machine

This complete machine Includ-
ing 8 ft. hose, extension rod and
nozzle . express prepaid for $7.50.
It has brass ball valves , mechan-
ical agitator, will do the work of
lo men and do It better. It works
so easy. A postal card will bring
you full inforniation.

Address, Dept. H ..-J

Hardle Spray Pump Mlg Co.
Detroit, MIcbltaa.

i-'ciao uieutiou Bee journal when wntina;.

50 NUCLEI or more of Bees on Standard
Root-Lan^stroth frames, 3 frames, good strong
ones, with (Queens, $2 each; 4-trame Nuclei,
each, $2.5U. ±Jy express; you pay charges. Safe
arrival guaranteed, in good condition. Full
hives of bees on tj frames, $3.50. Customers al-
ways report satisfaction. Mrs. H. Mooke,

704 to 710 McLemore Ave., Memphis, Tenn.

N. B. — No Foul Brood ever known in our sec-
tion of country. 21A21

To Boston and Return at One Fare

for the round trip from Chicago via
Nickel Plate Road, for Christian Sci-
entists' meeting in June. Tickets on
sale June 25th, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st. Stop-
over at Niagara Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057. 6— 22A5t

u%\m%% Queens,

Bred from best Italian honev-gathering stock,
and reared in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be good Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 7Sc each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about J ulv 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
18.\tf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and
Supplies at Factory Prices.

HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

OueeUS, they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, s°pe^ior

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL. MAY. JUNE.

Untested $1.00 each ; 6 for $ 5.00 Best money can buy $5.00 each.

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00 2-frame Nuclei ' "

Tested 2.00 each; 6 for 10.00 Queen

Select Tested .... 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

ith Select Untested

Please nientioa Bee ionmal ■

I VT^tUife

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

tbe thinnest base. It is tough and clear as^crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working: -wa^ into Foundation lor Cash a Specialty. Beeswax
always M'anled at hig^liest price.

Catalog giving; FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMEP, Augusta, Wia.

Please mention Bee journal wheu writing

350

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash wii h
the order:

sn ions jsn sosi

Sweet Clover (yellow).... I .90 11.70 $4.00 $7.£0

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the S-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 4 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO. ILL

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

11 present joii with the first tfi you
tftke in to start vnu in a pood paviiifr husi-
less. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
md directions how to beirin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ilia.

■5

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nluclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follovr-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $1.00

One Tested Queen 1.35

One Select Tested Queen. 1.50

One Breeder Queen 2.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen 1.40

Tested ready now; un-
tested in May. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal Tvlien -WTitma

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized iobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,
lOAlTt BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Wanted to Sell.

New and Second-hand Comb-Honey Supers,

both S-frame and H'-franie size, at halt-price or
less. Some have sections and drawn comb.
Either section-hoJder arrangement or T supers
can be furnished. Hoffman worker-combs
wanted; also 5-gal. square tin cans.
22A2t F. B. CAVANAUGH, Gait, Mich.

flease mention Bee Journal "when "writme

-Sri

rn

R

_-

"

--t±=l=&

-4-H

-l-H

raq

m

1

1

i

NM^

i

i

= =

If the Top Wire

in your .^iSi-tnch stock f.Mice will not hear the welpht
of 20 men without breakint:, give ue a trial order.
PAGE WOVKiN WIKK FKNCK CO., AI>KIAi\,MItH.
f'lease mentiou Bee Joumai "wnen ■wntins:

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine tiling for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It. is used by many bee-
lieepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at SI. 00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,
• QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Wanted lo m

unlimited quantities of ABSOLUTELY PURE
BEESWAX. Must be nice. Best prices paid,
either cash or in Supplies. Address at once,
C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Wasbine-ton St., Indianapolis, Ind.

ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than anv other published,

send fi. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

We are tlie Largest Mannfactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortlif est

*• *' Minneapolis, Minn.

Prices, and Best Sliippins: Facilities.

Please mention Bee Journal -wtien "writin^j

C'a.lIlOnild I Frnlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.

Ptae Mention the Bee Jonrnal

For Sale at a Bargain !

45 s-frame dovetail HIVES, (complete except
frames] about a dozen of them new, and bal-
ance but slightly used; 180 S-frame Ideal supers
with fences, nearly all new; and 3000 Ideal
35sx5.xlJ^i sections, never opened; hives and
supers painted one coat. $40.00 takes the lot;
worth $100. C. H. MCNEIL,

21Atf 719 South 2d Ave., MAvwoon, III.

■when •writing
Advertisers »*«

honej'-plants, and if the boll-weevil doesn't
destroy the cotton we will come to the front
this year. I want Texas to roll up one of the
biggest honey crops this year that there has
ever been. Mrs. C. K. West.

Ellis Co., Tex., May 1.5.

Appreciates the Bee Journal.

I am very much interested in the American
Bee .Journal, as it has helped me along very
much with my few bees. It has been as good
as a text-bool{ ; in fact, I have had nothing
else but the Bee Journal, and when I com-
menced bee-keeping two years ago I did not
linow the first thing about bees.

Briti-sh Columbia, Canada. J. E. Carr.

Bee-Keepers' Ups and Downs.

Since my report of March 1.5th, on page'3S5,
bee-keepers have had a lot of " ups and
down," mostly ^' downs. " .Such weather, oh
my ! To say it has been bad would be putting
it mildly. The mercury has rarely gotten
above 50, and only once as low as 12 above
zero. But it seemed to be inclined to want to-
stay not much above that, for the greater part
of a week. On May 2, Ijushels of ice still re-
mained along tree lines, where the broken
limbs had fallen, borne down with the J!^ inch
of ice accumulated on them. Our town has
been noted for its shade-trees, but the tornado
of last .June blew down everything that wind
could l:)reak, and now this ice-storm has strip-
ped the limbs of what remained, giving them
the appearance of that starved-rooster trade-
mark on the Aultraan-Taylor thresing ma-
chine. Bees had worked some on the willow
bloom, the day before the storm began, but
all was brown after the ice had gone off.

Plums and cherries are now in full bloom,
and bees did good work on them yesterday,
but to-day it is wet, having rained all night
and at it yet. Dandelions are giving some
pasturage where the bees can get to them.
-\pple-bloom will be out this week. Red-
clover bloom gave the bees a picnic for a part
of two days, which is about all they were able
to get from the flowers, on account of the con-
dition of the weather.

We have one " plant '' here which flowers
night and day, winter or summer, which they
work on whenever the weather is warm
enough, when nothing better is to be obtained.
This plant is located about three hundred
yards from my bee-yard and on a fine April
afternoon, I noticed my bees working lively,
and a glance told me they were at work on
the flowers of this plant. I had no more than

Bee = Supplies

G. B. LEWIS CO'S GOODS and every-
thing nerej^ary lor handling ot,t; The very
best of goods, and largest stock in Indiana.
Low freight-rates. Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

10O4 E. Washington Street,
40A2bt INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Special Decoration Day Rates

over the Nickel Plate Road, at one fare
for the round trip, within a radius of
150 miles from starting- point. Tickets
on sale May 29th and 30th, good re-
turning from destination to and in-
cluding June 1st, 1903. Three trains
daily in each direction between Chi-
cago, Valparaiso, Knox, I<"ort Wayne,
Fostoria, Findlay, Cleveland, Buffalo,
Erie, New York City, Boston and New
England points. Fast time and low
rates. Meals on American Club Plan,
ranging in price from 35c to $1.00,
served in Nickel Plate Dining-cars ;
also service a la carte. Chicago Depot,
Harrison St. & Fifth Ave. City Ticket
Office, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. For particulars write John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., Room 298, Chicago. 4— 21A2t

May 28, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

351

noticed them when a little girl appeared and
said her pa wanted to see me. ( Her pa is the
owner of this plant — the miller, i I expected
to see an angry Dutchman, when I got over
there, but I didn't,. They were grinding bar-
ley and wheat-screenings, and running the
"chop'' into a wagon-box out-side the build-
ing, and the miller said bushels of bees must
have been buried up in the meal in loading,
and sent for me out of sympathy for the bees.
Rain and cold followed for several days, and
they have not bothered them since.

I tried to make a test as to the benefit of
giving bees a winter flight, and returning
them again to the cellar. Sickness, bad
weather, and a complication of other matters,
and the benefits so slight, if any, so far as I
can determine, made it impossible to be any-
thing like sure about it. I put the balance
(90 colonies) of my bees out the last two days
of March, and had it not been for several colo-
nies-needing feed, they would have been bet-
ter off to have stayed in the cellar several
weeks longer.

In general, my bees are in good condition,
having lost 6 colonies out of tW, three of which
were in poor shape on cellaring them. One
was ciueenless. being a united colony, and
two had drone-laying, old queens. Very few
bees are left among those who did not feed
last fall, or on taking them out this spring.
One man near me has but two good colonies
and two weaklings left from a yard of 26,
most of them starving during the last recent
ice-storm. I bought most of his hives with
combs, and on cleaning them up some had as
many as six frames with brood in, three or
four frames being nearly solid with capped
brood. F. W. Hall.

Sioux Co., Iowa, May 10.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Te.xas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual conventioa at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at Colleg'* Station,
Texas, July T to 1", inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meeting-s. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet your fellow-men, and talk. Ex-
hibits of all 'kinds of stuff. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums,
"you are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Scholl, Sec.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long'-toagued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 3ii vears'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

'9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Christian Scientists'

meeting in Boston, June 2Sth to July
1st. It will be to your advantajje to ob-
tain rates applying over the Nickel
Plate Road before purchasing else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 2". Final return limit Aug. 1.
Call on or address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc. 'Phone Cent-
ral 2057. 7— 22A5t

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

DRAPES PUBLISBINQ CO., Cblcaeo, Ills.

Apiary FOR SALE

AT A SACRIFICE.

During my ir:ivels as State Inspector of
Apiaries, I iohihI an excellent opportunity for
some bee-keeper to make an investment. Mr.
Wm. Wray, ot Ashley, Mich., died last fall and
left an apiary of UNi colonies, nearly all Ital-
ians, in chaft hives, on American frame combs
built on wired foundation. There are reasons
why they will be sold at a sacrifice. There is
no one to take care of them, and some of the
colonies are slightly infected with foul brood.
Of course these bees'canuot be sold and shipped
all over the country, but if some man could buy
them and manage them right where they are,
he could make some money. Each hive con-
tains 11 combs, most of them overflowing with
bees, and no colony of the few infected contains
more than a few cells of foul brood— not enough
to affect the amount of surplus. There are xO
extractiug-supers full of empty comb, 14 supers
with frames filled with wired foundation, 70
queen-excluders, 12 old empty hives, 12 new
hives, and supplies to make 12 more hives, a 2-
frame Cowan reversible extractor, besides other
articles too numerous to mention.

Ten acres of land leased from the Grand
Trunk R. R Co., and a small dwelling-house
of 6 rooms, and a honey-house, will be sold. No
reasonable offer will be refused, but it must be
made AT ONCE. Write to

MRS. WM. WRAY, Ashley, Mich.

The above advertisement was written and
vouched for by W. Z. Hutchinson, State In-
spector of Apiaries for Michigan. The location
is fine.

please mention Bee Jpurnaa when 'WTit:ln&

and easy to make
orkforus. We wiU start you io
.buelness and fumieh the capital. Work
jlight and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLlSflING CO.. ChicaKo. Ills.
PleP'ie mention Bee Journal "when ■writing

" MouniUnionGoileoe

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846, Highest grade

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 w

instructors. Alumni and students occu- V

pying highest positions in Church and /*

State. Expenses lower than other col- W

leges of equal grade. Any young person i

■ith tact and energy can have an educa- f*

tion. We invite correspondence. Send W

for catalog. 4^

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

Alliance, Ohio. V

jc-iease mention Bee Journal wneu vriuu-j

55 Best Queen ot Sixtu-tive 55

Bkllk Plaine, Minn, April, 1''03.

Mr. Alley: I have a queen received from
you in 190". Her bees are the best honey-gath-
erers of an apiary of 65 colonies in which are
queens from different breeders — natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them. The Adel queen is
the best of the lot. C. J. Oldenbekg.

A Tested Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving result of 40 vears' experience in
rearing queens, sent by mail for $2.00. War-
ranted Adel queens, each, $1.00. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Send for price-list of queens and
prospectus of book.

20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. MASS.
Please mention Bae Journal -wliett "wntine

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Flease m,entioii Bee JDumal "when ■writing

Chicago, May 7.— The past winter and pres-
ent spring have been a disappointment to pro-
ducers and dealers in honey, in that the con-
sumption has been away below the average of
the past decade. Choice to fancy comb is held
at 15'a>16c per pound, with off grades at 2fai5c less
per pound. Extracted, white, 6fa7c; ambers,
t.(ai6!4c; dark, 5J4@6c. Beeswax in good demand
at 32c. R. A. Bdrnbtt & Cu.

Kansas City, May 2S.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand good.
We quote you as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3.50; No. 1 white comb, 24
sections, $3 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3,011(0)3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
6@(}}4c; amber, S^c Beeswax, 25(aJ30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling,
light, 15c; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Apr. 27.— Little demand for comb
honey at present; fancy white sells at l5rg;16c in
a small way. We quote amber extracted at
5H@(>%c\ white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected this season of year. Cuban ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited with intense interest. Beeswax
strong at 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll(S'13c, according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.

HiLDRBTH Si SbGBLKBR.

Cincinnati, May 19.— The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up. The demand for ex-
tracted has not changed whatever, and prices
are as follows: Amber in barrels, 5K^55^c;
in cans, b(g)0^c; white clover, sfa'.sj^c. Bees*
wax, 2S@30c. C. H. W. Webb«.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb honey*
12@12J^c; amber, 9^10c; dark, 7@7Hc, Ex-
tracted, white, 6M@Tc; light amber, 5H®6c;
amber, 5@s^4c; dark. 4@4Kc. Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned up, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Values for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming-
crop.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Plea-^e mention Bee Journal "when "writinc

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested in Sheep in any way
yon cannot afford to be withont the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABQ. Ul.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiflf-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall lor
but 60 cents; 'or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It la
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W, YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO 11,1,.

352

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

May 28, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
'M'ill not be diisappointed.
IVe are iinder-iiold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE ■

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

•▼▼▼▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼▼▼▼•
Please Hientioi, Bee Jovirual -when -writiiifi,

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham Bee-Smokers, which
got a little damp and soiled at the time of the
fire In the building where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as good as new.

vVe have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
SO cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for — at the above prices.

GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

•'•J-^-J'^

..^.^.

f Bee-Keepers, Remember

W that the freight rates from Toledo

I are the lowest of any city in the U.S.

^ We sell

I Root's Supplies at their

J Factory Prices *****

A Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

plements a specialty. Send for our
•I* free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and

m Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

14A13t

Please i

tiention the Bee Jourt

al.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of It If you work
for U6. Uucle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOo for samples and partio
ulars. We furnish i-apital t.> start yon in
buBiness. Draper Publisblog Co., Chicago, 111.

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers !

BOSTON

Money in Bees for You.

Catalog Price on

ROOT'S SUPPLIES

Catalog for the Asking.

§ F. t1. FftRMER, 8

S 182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. §

2« Up First Flight. 4?

16A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

'itia.ja»^s,ja,:is.je»^)e^je»je^ja^i^^

26111
Year

Dadant's Foundation f^

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^ijRr

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SHEETING,

Why

can anybody do? BEAUTY,
PURITV, FIRMNESS, No SAQaiNQ.

Hop* W «pll «0 Vl/f»llV Because it has always given better satis-
UUCd IL aCll &U WClir faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuoDlies

OF ALL
KINDS **

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslpoth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

They Wear the

Blue Jackets

Root's Improved

Gowan Baii-hearino

Honey-Extractor

Since the introduction of these
extractors some 14 years ago to
the bee-keeping world, we have
been experimenting with a view
to eliminating the weak points, and perfecting the stronger ones.
ALL SIZES. — We manufacture all sizes of extractors from
the small 2-frame to the 4 and 6 and 8-frame power-machines.
The can part of these extractors is made of galvanized iron cov-
ered with blue japanning, and neatly lettered.

GALVANIZED. — The comb-baskets are galvanized wire, well
braced ; the hinges, hoops, cross-arms, and other metal parts, are
galvanized after finishing, something you will get in no other on
the market.

BAND-BRAKE. — All 4, 6, and 8-frame machines are provided
with band-brake, which permits of the stopping of the machine
instantly, without danger of breakage. These machines have
large metal handles. Ball-bearings are used to make them very
light running. The hoNey-gates are large, which does not re-
quire the stopping of work to allow the honey to run out.

For Sale by all large dealers in Bee-Supplies.

MANUFACTURED BY

The A. 1. Root Co., Medina, Ohio I

Wm" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^''c^^^k^M]^^'^ \

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. rs

Send to them for their free Cataloif. (>J

Nat'I Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 4, 1903.

No. 23,

■^'^^ ^ •'i^^ '-li^-^i-,

354

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COIHPAINY

I44&146E. ErieSt., Ghicaoo, 111.

EDITOR.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association:

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforci- laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President — J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittlk, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

l[t^° If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRIS MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Jonmal I^^grSSrs°f....
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Tbree Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i-'ULi, Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When orderlug-, be sure to say just what aame and
address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies In the handle.
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass.
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as

Bho

hen

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest Eng'lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage. ^

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the '* Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the •'' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as au identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a presenti "What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a sou, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cu/ gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls^beautiful knife, as tlv» ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us^hrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $:^,'XI.J We will club the Novelty
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK & CO.

49~Please allop' •»bout two weeks for your kuife order to l>e tilled.

Chicago, 111*

43dYEAK.

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 4, 1903,

Na23,

Editorial Comments

A Very Early Season is that of 1903 in nortiiern Illinois,
perhaps the earliest in the memory of any living bee-keeper. Swarm-
ing is reported as early as May 3, and white clover in bloom about 10
days later.

A Lack of Rain the first two-thirds of May was beginning to
make bee-keepers somewhat anxious in this region. The ground is
well covered with white clover, but it was so dry that the clover
leaves were curling up in the sun. Abundance of rain since then.

A "Wonderful Honey-District is what the Upper (Jlenelg
district is well styled in the Australasian Bee-Keeper. A Mr. Bolton,
an English engineer, was the pioneer in that region. His " spring
count " in 1S9S was 100 colonies, and in the following four years it
was 323, 310, 329, and 384. During those five years the gross value of
the honey and wax produced by him averaged for each year $.*i2S0.

Dividing an .\piary Between Two Localities. — Under
proper conditions there is great gain in establishing out-apiaries, but
the enthusiast in that direction may magnify the advantages. The
following from the Bee-Keepers' Keview seems to be a case in point:

An illustration of how out-apiaries may help to make bee-keeping
more profitable was given me recently while visiting at Mr. Bingham's
in Clare County. He is located upon high, sandy soil, and the honey
crop there last year was light — about 20 pounds per colony. Clare,
only four miles away, is lower, and the soil is clay, and bee-keepers in
that locality enjoyed an excellent harvest. This year it may be Mr.
Bingham's locality will have a good crop. An apiary divided between
the two localities would almost double the opportunities for success.

If each locality is the better in alternate years, then there would
be again in migrating from one locality to the other; but it is hard to
see how " an apiary divided between the two localities "' would be a
matter of gain, for while each half of the apiary would have the
advantage of the good year when it came, it would also have the dis-
advantage of the bad year, the two balancing each other.

Xon-Hatching Eggs. — Dr. C. C. Miller writes concerning this:

" I have a queen whose eggs do not hatch — the second one of the
kind I have had during my bee-keeping career. The cells are well
supplied with eggs, and I suspect that when an egg becomes stale the
workers remove it to give room for a fresh one: for only one egg
appears in a cell, and this continues week after week with never a
grub to be seen. Don't you think you could find me a purchaser for
this queen at a hundred dollars or so? New strain of bees, you know."

Some very evident advantages would be gained by having such a
strain of t^s. They would be proof against foul brood, for there
would be no brood to be diseased. There would be a great savini,' of
stores, since no brood would be fed. They would be non-swarniing,
and other advantages will be suggested. But with all these advan-
tages there would be one little drawback: With no eggs hatthing
there would be some difficulty in rearing queens, and some dan^rer
that in the course of time the strain would run out!

Old vs. New Hives. — In a discussion reported in the British

Bee Journal, Mr. Weston said that he thought it would be advanta-
geous to give up using very old hives, which might become saturated
with the unhealthy prodhcts of the bees. The keeping of these old
wooden hives for the usual long period was against bee-keepers. The
straw skeps were never retained like that. It was a point to be
thought of as to whether a single-walled hive would not be more
hygienic than the present double-walled one which harbored impuri-
ties that could not be got at and eradicated.

Mr. Carr said that without possessing any scientific knowledge,
they knew that some of our oldest and best bee-keepers, who knew
the importance of keeping their hives clean, were now using the same
hives that they had 20 years ago, and saw no reason for destroying
them at intervals.

In this country age has not been considered an objection to hives.
Certainly it can not be claimed as an advantage, and the possibility of
a difference between old and new hives, so far as it may have any
weight, will be an additional item to strengthen the position of those
who advocate using hives without paint.

Tarred Paper for Wintering. — Mr. A. C. Miller advises
tying it about hives, and it has proved successful with him. Editor
Root says:

I once had the idea that paper tied around a common hive would
winter bees as well as a chaff-packed hive. We fixed up a number of
hives in that manner, setting a close-fitting winter-case over the
whole: but in nearly every one of the hives so prepared the bees died,
while those in the chaff-packed hives came through in the usual
good order.

To which Mr. Miller may reply that the two eases are not parallel,
since in his case there was no winter-ease outside the paper.

AVhen to Put On Sections is one of the stock questions of
beginners each year about this time. It is not well to put on sections
too early, for it takes some of the heat of the colony to keep warm the
empty space. The bees also may do some damage to the sections by
crawling over them, and sometimes by gnawing the foundation;
although damage of this kind is greater at the close than before the
beginning of the honey-flOw. But it is much better to put on sections
a little too early than a little too late. Abundance of super-room is a
factor that plays an important part in the prevention of swarming.
Being crowded just one day too long may be the last straw to decide
the bees to swarm.

If one could know just when the main flow is to begin, it would
probably be well to put on sections two or three days in advance. An
old rule is to put on supers when bits of white wax are found plastered,
on the upper parts of the combs and along the top-bars. The rule is/
not a bad one, for by close watching one can tell pretty certainly
when this white wax appears, yet it is possible that this deposit of new
wax is a result of being crowded, and so comes after the crowding; so
it would be well to anticipate it a little.

Instead of watching the bees, watch the flowers. Where white
clover, for instance, is the crop to be provided for, if you are chmch/
on the watch you will see the first clover in bloom — just a single blos-
som or two — several days in advance of the general blooming. About
ten days after you see that very first blossom it will be time to put on
sections. Just how soon the bees will commence storing in them
depends upon circumstances, but in any case it is well to have them on
in time. Possibly no nectar will Ije secreted, and no sections needed,
but you can hardly know that in advance, and if necessary you can

356

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

take the supers ofE again. If there are empty cells in the brood-cham-
ber you need not expect any storing in sections till after the brood-
combs are filled.

Sketches of Beedomites

J

MORLEY PETTIT.

Mr. Morley Pettit, the youngest son of Mr. S. T. Pettit — one of
Ontario's most successful veterans in bee-culture — was born amid api-
cultural surroundings, and reared, as it were, in the apiary. His
earliest recollections do not include the time when he first " watched
the bees ''in the swarming season, nor when he got his first sting
(only that neither was considered agreeable). But a day came when
he was considered big enough to "blow smoke" while his father
"operated on some hives," and when he could " get stung without
crying."

The smoker of earliest memory was one made by A. I. Root, with
short, upright barrel, and a tube in the center reaching nearly to the
end of the nozzle. The bellows originally had a valve, but at that
time the valve was not working, and the smoke was drawn into the
bellows and blown out again through this tube. In the side of the
barrel was a hole for lighting and giving air to the tire. Coals used
occasionally to drop from this hole on the hands of the inattentive
bellows-boy, and that, coupled with an occasional sting, and a con-
stant desire to be at anj' but a useful occupation, did not fire him with
enthusiasm to become a leader in apiculture.

After attending public school, and passing the High School En-
trance Examination, Morley entered the St. Thomas Collegiate Insti-
tute, passed in succession all the annual examinations set for High
School pupils by the Ontario Educational Department, and matricu-
lated to Toronto University with First Class honors in mathematics.
He next spent a couple of years teaching, then entered upon his
University course, completing his second year with honors in Philoso-
phy, in May, 1899.

During these years he had spent his summer vacations, with one
exception, assisting in the apiary, forming a liking for the business
and learning its possibilities. He also learned to contrast the conflne-
raent of professional life with the freedom and probably equal finan-
cial remuneration of bee-keeping. Accordingly, when in the fall of
1899, his father, being then 70 years of age, wished to retire from
business, he assumed control of the apiary. Since then he has met
with financial success which has quite warranted him in his choice.
The one apiary has been increased only to two as yet, but there is pros-
pect of more to follow.

While he has been almost as successful in producing fancy comb
honey by the S. T. Pettit system as his father, present prices make it
seem advisable to run almost exclusively for extracted honey. For
this purpose a brood-chamber equivalent to the 10-frame Langstroth is
used, and, at the beginning of the honey-flow, sufficient super-room is
given to contain 80 to 100 pounds of honey. The brood-chamber may
also be enlarged at that time, and this, in an ordinary season, reduces
swarming to a minimum.

At the close of the white honey-flow screens are slipped into por-
ticoes permanently attached to the hives, they are loaded, 40 at a time,
on a specially constructed spring-wagon, and moved about 35 miles
for buckwheat. They are afterward moved home and wintered, some
in clamps, and some In a well-ventilated cellar. This year's loss was
between 3 and 4 percent of the number of colonies, and prospects are
bright for a good honey-flow.

It was our good fortune to meet Mr. Pettit at the last meeting of
the Chicago-Northwestern convention. He is an excellent convention
bee-keeper, ready at all times to contribute his part in discussions.
Speaking of conventions, he finds them of great value, and attends
every one he can reach, for the inspiration of them as much as for the
many useful points which can be gleaned. As he heard Mr. Cogg-
shall say once, " It spurs you on." He says about the Chicago con-
vention, that which stands out most clearly in his mind, after the pleas-
ure of meeting all the bee-keepers, is Mr. N. E. France's matchless
description of the symptoms and treatment of foul brood.

Mr. Pettit is a contributor of no mean ability to the apicultural
press. He is on the regular contributors' staff of the Farmers' Advo-

cate, of Ontario, now the third year out of the four since he left the ■
University ; he contributes at intervals to the Montreal Herald, and
regularly reports every convention which he attends. He finds the
reporting very helpful, as it allows no superficial attention to discus-
sions, and by the time the good points are put in shape for publication,
they are well fixed in mind.

It affords us pleasure to present to our readers, both in picture
and in word, our young bee-keeping friend from across the northern
border. We wish him all success in his chosen vocation, as well as
long life and much happiness all along the way.

Association Notes

Stealing from a National Member. — General Manager France
reports having caught three persons guilty of stealing from an apiary
of one of the members of the National, on Saturday, May 10. They
were given until 6 p.m., May 25, to make satisfactory settlement, or
take results of the enforcement of the law. Two of the three, before
the day was gone, came and settled, and it was thought the third
would do so very soon.

Over 1200 Members of the National Bee-Keepers' Association
are now reported by General Manager France. And still they are
joining. There ought to be 200O members within the next three
months. Why not ? You can send your dues of SI. 00 either to N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis., or to the office of the American Bee Journal,
as we are the Secretary of the Association, and it is one of our duties
to receive membership dues from all who may send. We then forward
them to the General Manager and Treasurer, Mr. France, who sends
the receipts. We should like to have several thousand bee-keepers
among the readers of the American Bee Journal send us their dues
within the nest 60 days.

The National in Los Angeles. — Prof. Cook, of Los Angeles
County, Calif., on May 16, wrote us as follows regarding the holding
of the National Bee-Keepers' Convention in Los Angeles this year :

The bee-keepers of Southern California are greatly rejoiced that
the National convention is to come to our Southern metropolis. Los
Angeles is not only one of the most beautiful and prosperous cities of
the country, but its hospitality is second to that of no other city of
the Union. We have had a year of exceptional rain, and unless
the weather is too cold (this has l3een one of the coldest seasons
known up to date) we shall have an immense crop of honey. Thus, it
is to be expected that our apiarists will be exceedingly good-natured
the coming summer, and will do their best to entertain our visitors.
It will certainly be a surprise to Eastern bee-keepers to find apiaries
numbering hundreds of colonies, and each colony of bees securing
hundreds of pounds of honey in one season.

I have been asked to present a paper to the convention. I will
take the subject which seems to me by all odds the most important
now before our bee-keepers, that of co-operation in marketing. This
ball was set rolling at the last annual meeting. It is a matter which
can not too generally engage the attention of our bee-keepers.
We can never secure a just price for our honey until we have control
of distribution in the markets. The fact that bee-keepers are so scat-
tered will make it a long and tedious matter to secure general co-
operation, but it must come, and it will be a good day for all labor
when it arrives.

All kinds of business are united except manual-labor pursuits. It
is a bright omen that there is so much thought and effort at present
in the line of union in these last-named occupations. Until people
become entirely unselfish — and that we fear is not very near — there
can not be justice between man and man till all classes are equally
organized and equally successful in securing fullest co-operation. The
success, then, of labor unions and of co-operation among all producers
is to be encouraged at all times and places. There may be some
trouble, some wrong, some injustice, yet the trend is and should be in
the way of more perfect — aye, most perfect — co-operation.

A. J. Cook.

We have no doubt that California's big-hearted bee-keepers will
give the National the grandest — well, if they go ahead of Denver, or
Buffalo, or Philadelphia, or — oh, Chicago — in their entertainment of
the National, they'll have to get a Golden Gate hustle on themselves.
But we have heard that California is a great State, that it has great
bee-keepers — and lots of them ; and we have been privately informed
that they are going to give the National this year such a welcome, and
such a grand, good time, that it won't be so long before it holds a
I meeting there again.

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

357

[ Convention Proceedings J

The Northern Michigan Convention.

BY JAMES H. IRISH.

The Northern Michigan Bee-Keepers' Union met in its
fourth annual convention at Bellaire, March 25 and 26,
1903.

The President being- absent, the meeting was called to
order by Vice-Pres. Elias E. Coveyou. James A. Dart, the
Secretary, was present, but owing to business could remain
onl.y until the next train north. He was excused from act-
ing, and James H. Irish was called to the secretary's desk.
The meeting was enthusiastic from the beginning to its
close.

Among those present from a distance were Mr. and
Mrs. A. I. Root, W. Z. Hutchinson, Geo. E. Hilton, and A.
G. Woodman. The country lying between Traverse City
and Petoskey was well represented by a large number of
bee-keepers, who are practical apiarists and honey -producers
on a large scale, many of whom gave very flattering reports
of honey produced last season. Geo. H. Kirkpatrick made
the statement that he had attended a great many beekeep-
ers' conventions in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and in this
State, and that he never knew a given number of bee-keep-
ers to report so large a number of colonies and so great a
yield of honey per colony as the bee-keepers gave at the
Bellaire convention.

WINTERING BEES.

The discussion opened on wintering bees, and was dis-
cussed from various standpoints, as wintering on summer
stands in chaff hives, and various methods of cellar-winter-
ing, some holding that plenty of ventilation was needed,
while others thought that practically no ventilation was
needed. All wintered with good results ; very few losses
from any cause were reported.

Mr. S. D. Chapman wintered 236 colonies in the cellar
without loss. He began last season with ISO colonies and
took 15,000 to 16,000 pounds of well-ripened honey, mostly
extracted, during the honey season.

Ira D. Bartlett took 13,000 pounds from 88 colonies,
1500 of which was comb honey.

A. I. Root gave an experience in Cuban bee-keeping,
reporting one Cuban bee-keeper as saying he could produce
extracted honey at 2 cents per pound and comb honey at 9
cents. The quality of Cuban honey varies greatly, but com-
pares favorably with honey produced in the United States.
At this point of time a number of bee-keepers arrived
on the train from the south, and a short recess was taken.
When the convention was called to order Geo. E. Hilton was
called to the chair, and the rest of the day was devoted to
discussing various questions, such as.

How and when shall we requeen apiaries ?
Has any one tried to increase the amount of wax pro-
duced ?

How do you get the wax from old combs and cappings?
How to mold wax without having it crack ?
How many colonies pay best in one locality ?
After a recess for supper, A.I. Root was asked to address
the convention on Cuba. He described the manners and
customs of the people to the great pleasure of the audience.
The question-box was again opened, and these questions
discussd :

When does the keeping of bees become a public nui-
sance ?

What about the National Bee-Keepers' Association ?
The morning session of March 26 was called to order at
9 o'clock by Pres. Hilton. A. I. Root was given the floor,
and discussed " Bee-Keeping in Cuba," after which W. Z.
Hutchinson read a paper written by T. F. Bingham, on
"Wintering Bees."

The question, " Where shall we hold our next meeting ?"
was discussed, and Traverse City was selected, the time to
be set by the officers.

This was followed by the election of officers for the
ensuing year, which resulted as follows :

President, Geo. H. Kirkpatrck ; vice-president, S. D.
Chapman ; secretary and treasurer, James H. Irish, of
Rapid City.

On motion, the name of the Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Union was changed to the Northern Michigan
Bee-Keepers' Association. James H. Irish, Sec.

A District Bee- Keepers' Convention.

BY R. F. HOLTERMANN.

A convention of bee-keepers embracing Brant and ad-
joining counties was held at the Court House at Brantford,
beginning the evening of March 3, at 7 p.m. James Arm-
strong was elected chairman. A question drawer was
opened, the following being some of the questions and
answers :

PLANTING FOR BEE-PASTURE.

" Does it pay to plant for bee-pasture?" Yes, if the
sowing can be made to pay for a crop otherwise.

Speaking of alsike clover for seed, the chairman gave
an illustration of the value of the honey-bees as fertilizers
of blossoms. A man across the road from his bees had five
bushels of alsike clover seed to the acre, when those out of
the range of his bees had not enough seed set in the clover
to make it worth threshing. Mr. Barber stated that he had
$35 worth of alsike clover seed to the acre during the past
season. One person said they raised within a circle of two
miles of him S40no worth of alsike clover seed. It was
pointed out that in some districts of Ontario the farmers
had been producing alsike clover seed for at least 30 years,
and as evidence of its value farmers could not be induced
to stop raising a crop of it. Similar recommendations were
made for sowing buckwheat.

SOME RELIQUEFIED HONEY FROTHIER THAN OTHERS.

" Why in reliquefying honey is some more frothy than
others?"

Jas. Armstrong — It may be slightly soured.

Jas. Shaver — It is partly the source from which the
honey is taken.

Alex. Taylor — I extract and leave it in cans holding
about 400 pounds, then run into 60-pound cans. The honey
varies in these cans as to amount of froth on top, although
drawn from the same tap.

R. F. Holtermann — The causes vary ; one is a degree of
ripeness, another the source from which gathered. I be-
lieve, as a rule, basswood honey has more froth on it.
Third, the degree of heat applied to the honey makes it vary
as to froth.

UNSCREWING CAPS ON HONEY-CANS.

"Is there any simple way to unscrew the cap of a
honey-can ?

Mr. Shaver— If too tight to move by hand, wind a cord
three times around the screw cap and pull steadily.

TEMPERATURE OF BEE-CELLARS.

" What temperature should a cellar be ? What moisture
should be used ? And do the top colonies winter better than
those at the bottom ?"

Mr. Armstrong — I was in one a week ago, and the tem-
perature was 43 degrees ; when the bees were picked from
the floor they appeared to be very dry. The first hive was
raised 8 inches from the floor.

Mr. Shaver — I have a cellar pretty moist ; in fact, I
thought it was too much so. This winter it is being tested
in a small way, and appears to be all right.

It was thought that temperature was very important,
but that moisture or degree of humidity was also an impor-
tant factor, about which at present but little is known
among bee-keepers.

As to the height from the floor of cellar it was thought
that where there was a proper system of ventilation
the atmosphere never was sufficiently stagnant to allow
impure air to settle to the bottom of the bee-cellar. Some
had noticed a distinct difference between the bees in the
upper and lower rows of hives in a cellar without a proper
system of ventilation. One member, who had experience
with both systematic and " any way or no way " of venti-
lating, experienced as above given. No one reported plac-
ing bees on a stand greater than 20 inches in height, or less
than 6 inches.

"shook" SWARMS — SIZE OF HIVES.

" Is the ' shook ' swarm system a success ?'|
The general opinion was that it would be in a measure,
but unless carefully carried out much harm might result.
" Are large hives desirable?"
Mr. Fisher— I have a hive with 17Langstroth combs for

358

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

the'^brood-chamber, and I can place two 8-frame Langstroth
supers on top. By turning it half around I can make a
packing-case of it for an 8-frame Langstroth body.

He had filled by queens 16 Langstroth combs, the out-
side combs partially filled. He had received during the
past season 30 Langstroth combs of buckwheat honey, and
about 20 of clover, besides an increase of 2 colonies.

Mr. Holtermann — The 12-frame Langstroth suits me.
Of course, I do not care if a man uses a 2-frame or a 20-
frame hive, but I think Mr. Fisher is going too far in the
direction of large hives.

Mr. Fisher — I calculate to give room in the brood-cham-
ber only as required.

FEEDING BEES— EXTRACTING HONEY.

" If bees have lots of honey, should one feed ?"

Mr. Shaver — Bruise some of the combs ; that will an-
swer.

" When should honey be extracted ?"

Some thought when two-thirds capped ; others when
all capped. It was pointed out that dry or wet seasons
made a difference, the dryer the season the sooner the
honey could be extracted. If the honey glistened in the
cells It was thought fit to extract. It was also pointed out
that if the bees swarmed, the fresh previously stored honey
might remain in the hive for quite a time and yet not be
ripe.

ROBBING AND HOVST TO PREVENT.

"How shall we prevent robbing, and how stop robbing
when a colony is being robbed?"

Mr. Phelps— Close the hive ; contract the entrance of
weak colonies.

A Bee-Keeper — Be careful to allow no honey about dur-
ing the robbing season.

Chairman Armstrong — Have all colonies strong.

Mr. Holtermann — Let me say if any one should be care-
less enough to allow a comb of honey to be exposed until
the bees have robbing from it well in hand, to reduce the
danger of robbing it is well to allow the comb to remain
until they empty the comb, otherwise the bees will realize
there was still some honey left, and, in hunting about, it
may lead to the attack of weak colonies.

He had a portico with a movable screen, when present,
and for any reason the colony was attacked, he simply
stepped up to the hive and closed it from outside bees with-
out any danger of smothering. If bees had obtained en-
trance they would speedily seek to get out, running up on the
screen ; there they could be let out until only bees from the
hive remained, thus the colony could set a guard and pull
themselves together for defense.

EXTRACED HONEY AND EXTRACTING.

The care of extracted honey was taken up, the chair-
man pointing out that much good honey was injured by im-
proper care upon taking. Storage in a warm, dry room was
advised.

The question : " How can we best extract in the rob-
bing season ?" led to the suggestion that combs should be
set out for the bees to clean. The danger of spreading foul
brood was pointed out. Prof. Harrison's opinion being
asked, he stated that he could not see how any one could be
sure that the honey left in the combs did not contain the
germs of foul brood, even if there was no diseased brood in
the brood-chamber below such combs. He would defy any
ordinary bee-keeper to be safe, and would advise extreme
caution in setting out such combs ; it would be safer not to
do so. It would be desirable to disinfect extracting combs
from season to season with formalin. The combs of from
200 to 300 colonies could be disinfected at an annual outlay
of about 20 cents. The use of medicine was more in the
direction of prevention of disease than a cure.

FOUI, BROOD— HOW TO EXTERMINATE IT.

Prof. Harrison gave an address upon the subject of foul
brood. He stated the dread of it in certain sections was
preventing the expansion of the industry. From 1893 to
1898 the Inspector of Apiaries found 40 percent of the api-
aries inspected infected. To what extent these apiaries
had been cured was not known, owing to the lack of system
in following up the treatment.

Any one reading the bee-literature of Europe and
America found a great difference in the method of treatment.
When in Swtzerland, Germany and Italy he had tried to
find out why this difference existed. Monsieur Bertrand,
of Switzerland, had offered as a suggestion, that owing to
exposure in Europe the bees had become immune to the dis-

ease ; this, however, seemed to him (Harrison) doubtful, as
the bees of this country were largely imported from there.
In Europe the methods adopted were these .

1. The stamping out method, destroying the colo-
nies, combs, hives, etc. Mr. Cowan and the British Bee-
Keepers' Association were inclined to adopt this method.

2. The starvation method introduced by Schirach, in
1769. It was to take away the combs from the bees, keep
the bees fasting two days, after which they were fed and
allowed to build other comb, which was again taken away
in two days.

3. The drug cures are practiced in Europe, but not in
America. The bees were fed a disinfectant, which acts on
the spores and bacilli of foul brood. The antiseptic mate-
rial employed destroyed the germ.

The best remedy had been napthol beta, in England,
and formic acid on the Continent. Both are disinfectants,
formic acid being the better of the two, being Nature's
remedy. This formic acid is found in honey in varying
proportions, more being in buckwheat honey than in clover.
Prof. Harrison then gave the method of applying the
fumes of formic acid, 10 percent formalin, 40 percent alco-
hol, 50 percent water, the mixture heated in a vessel, and
by means of a tube the vapor passed into an air-tight box
containing the combs. The fumes were to be left in the
box 12 to 24 hours. Formalin is used to disinfect rooms,
the fumes being very penetrating. Germs of diphtheria
wrapped in paper, several thicknesses, this package being
wrapped in a blanket, and all suspended in a room treated
with formalin fumes, showed that the fumes had penetrated
the wrappings and destroyed the germs.

Prof. Harrison was asked to read a letter from Glean-
ings of Feb. 15, by C. H. W. Weber, giving the result of the
successful treatment of foul-broody combs. He advised ex-
tensive tests to be made with this method, and results ob-
tained.

Wm. McEvoy, Inspector of Apiaries, gave a statement
in which he said the disease was almost stamped out in
Ontario, and that much good work had been done. There
was a little in one or two counties, and this would be dealt
with in the spring.

Mr. Holtermann stated that he had very strong evidence
that there was still a great deal of foul brood in the Prov-
ince. In a county adjoining Brant, it was so bad that the
bee-keepers had given up ; some would buy neither hives
nor fixtures until they knew where they were. The inspec-
tor had been there during 1901, but had left their district
unattended during 1902. Bee-keepers in Brant County did
not know how they stood, and as far as inspection went
there might be a good deal in the county. He read a letter
from the President of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
for 1902, claiming it was not on the decrease ; also one from
J. C. Marrison, of Simcoe County, where they wanted
county inspectors. The work could then be done at a more
seasonable time, and for less money ; he had nothing to say
against Mr. McEvoy, it was simply the need of other
methods.

After some discussion it was moved by R. F. Holter-
mann, seconded by D. Phelps, that we, as bee-keepers as-
sembled, request the Hon. John Dryden, that the operations
of the Foul Brood Act be so arranged that Prof. Harrison,
of the Ontario Agricultural College, of Guelph, would be
recognized as a Government official, who could investigate
and test the results of treatment of foul-broody apiaries.
Carried.

It was also moved by Mr. Holtermann, and seconded by
Israel Overholt, that we as bee-keepers assembled, ask the
Hon. John Dryden that the Foul Brood Act be amended
so that wherever there is a county or district bee-keepers'
association, that said association have the privilege of
appointing a local inspector of apiaries, subject to the ap-
proval of the Minister of Agriculture, the terms of remunera-
tion to be fixed by the Minister, said inspector to be paid
out of the Provincial grant for the Inspector of Apiaries.
Carried.

The question was asked, if it was thought desirable
that Mr. G. C. Creelman, Superintendent of Farmers' In-
stitutes and Secretary of Associations, should be made sec-
retary of the Association.

After a brief discussion, in which the majority expressed
themselves as thoroughly in favor of such a move, it was
moved by J. Feather, seconded by D. Phelps, that we as
bee-keepers, avail ourselves of the privilege of recommend-
ing Mr. G. C. Creelman, B. S. A., Secretary of Associations,
Department of Agriculture, Toronto, as Secretary of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, and that said resolution
be forwarded to the director of this district, to present to

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

359

the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association at their next annual
meeting. Carried.

The Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Prof. C. C. James,
attended the afternoon session of the meeting, and being
called upon for an address, stated that he came to listen
rather than to talk. In his address he said it was rather in
the form of a confidential talk, and not for publication. He
advised the bee-keepers to get more in touch with the De-
partment, and make more advancement than they had been
doing. The Government did not know much about them ;
they must make their work better known.

[ Contributed Articles j

Rearing Queens in Upper Stories.

■ BY L. STACHKLHAUSKN.

ON page 248, Mr. Hasty says: — "So far as words and
names go, Stachelhausen's method of starting queens
in upper story is a sort of swindle." Mr. Hasty has
surely not read my article on page 150 very carefully. Not
anywhere did I claim that I start the queen-cells in upper
stories. The described plan comes very near to it, but twicfe
in my article I called this removed upper story a qucenless
colony. I said expressly that I used Alley's brood-strips,
and that they must be given to queenless colonies for some
hours to get queen-cells started, while Doolittle's cell-cups
cati be given in the upper story at once. I do not like to be
estimated as any kind or sort of a swindler, and hope Mr.
Hasty will correct this injustice and his bad opinion.

This preparing of a queenless colony of the right con-
dition to start queen-cells causes considerable work, if
Alley's directions are followed ; so, for many years, I ex-
perimented to find a way for forming such colonies with
less expenditure of time and labor. So, if anything is new
or particular in my manipulation you may say : Stachel-
hausen's method of preparing a queenless colony for start-
ing queen-cells.

This spring I use still an easier way with success : I pre-
pare a bottom-board with an entrance closed by wire-cloth
and place this anywhere in the shade near the hive, on
which the upper story over the excluder was arranged a
week before. About four o'clock in the afternoon I simply
set the upper story on this bottom-board and close it with a
cover, so that no bee can escape. This is all the work neces-
sary to get the queenless colony. Soon the bees will get
uneasy on account of queenlessness, and a large part of
them would leave the hive if it were not closed by the wire-
cloth. Two or three hours later I give the frame with the
prepared brood-strips between two brood-frames. (This
empty space should be prepared before the story is removed
from the main colony.) During the night the bees have
started queen-cells and early in the morning of the next
daj' this story is set over the excluder on its old place again.

On pages 136 and 230, I read articles of Arthur C. Miller,
in which the author lays the most weight on the fact that
young bees are necessary to rear good queens. In my arti-
cle (page ISO) I said : " A large surplus of young bees com-
pared with the open brood is the most important thing for
rearing queens," and tried to explain ivliy it is so. It is in-
teresting that such men as A. C. Miller, Henry Alley and
E. L. Pratt arrived at the same conclusion by practical
tests, as we did by theory. To some extent it is a proof
that our theory is correct.

In an upper story we can create this surplus of young
bees, if we wait 8 or 10 days before we give the queen-cells
to be cared for, as, during this time, many young bees will
have hatched and the young brood is all capped. The only
question may arise, whether these young bees will stay in
the upper story, or will go down into the brood-chamber,
where they may find plenty of young brood to be fed. In
fact, this may happen if in a large brood chamber is a com-
paratively weak colony. This, of course, should be avoided ;
only strong colonies, which occupy fully not only the brood-
chamber, but the upper story, too, (even if no brood is in
the latter) are fit for this purpose. Then we have to con-
sider another fact, which is entirely overlooked by most bee-
keepers. In the bee-hive a most remarkable order is preva-
lent. The queen lays eggs in the cells in a certain order,

going around on the comb in circles, and when a certain
number of eggs Is layed, she goes to the next comb, etc., so
that the oldest brood is in the middle in the form of a globe,
and the next oldest surrounding it, like the shells of an
onion, etc.

If the young bee has hatched, she is not strolling around
in the hive hunting for larvii- to be fed, but remains just in
the space between two combs, where she was born. Her
duty, the first days, is to clean her own cradle. In due time
the queen in her circling way arrives on this spot. In the
meantime the young bees have accumulated chyle in their
stomachs, and so where the queen finds empty cells she will
find young bees, too, which are eager to feed their chyle to
her, of which she needs and consumes so large a quantity.

With the young larva; the nurse-bees grow older, and
the food they prepare is exactly, of the kind corresponding
with the age of the larva; and the age of the nurse-bees.
When the larva; are capped the nurses have to keep them
warm only, and are soon ready to do other work.

If such order would not rule the colony, but the bees
would loaf in the hive, it would not only cause a continued
uproar, but it would be hardly possible that every larva re-
ceived just the proper food vital for its age. It is true, the
bee-keeper sometimes mixes this wonderful order up consid-
erably, and thinks he has done a great thing. The bees ac-
commodate themselves to the altered condition as well as
possible, but sometimes weeks may pass before everything
is in order again, and sometimes a real damage is done to the
colony.

In the upper stories, too, the young bees do not leave
the combs as long as some brood is in them, except when
they are forced to do so by the bee-keeper. Everybody can
see this, if he gives Italian brood in the upper story of a
black colony, and examines it 8 or 10 days later ; if the
honey-flow is not very good, he will find very few black
bees on the 3 or 4 brood-combs; while the other combs con-
taining some honey are occupied by black bees only. An
upper story, if the colony is strong enough and the whole
arranged correctly during a moderate honey and pollen flow,
is in the same condition as a colony with the swarming-im-
pulse, and will rear just as good queens.

Bexar Co., Tex.

Queen-Clipping— Reasons For and Against.

BY J. D. GEHRING.

jj"r\EUBEN BOND," who took some practical lessons
r\ in bee-keeping in my apiary, as related in a series of
articles published in the American Bee Journal about
two years ago, came to see me one day, in the midst of the
busy season, " to find out," he said, "how to clip queens,
and why they should be clipped."

Replying, I reminded him that there were several things
in the bee-keeping line of much greater importance to him
just then than queen-clipping. " Besides," I said, " it is a
long story in all its details ; hence, I will at present merely
tell why queens are clipped. And even that is not easy to
explain briefly, because, while one bee-keeper has one set of
good reasons for doing it, another has a quite difi'erent set
for it, and yet another has an equally good set — in his opin-
ion, of course — for not clipping his queens.

The one says he clips his queens because it is easier to
control swarming when the queens are clipped. "That
alone is enough reason for me," he says. The others say,
" I believe in queen-clipping because it is easier to keep track
of them afterwards, and because I believe they lay better and
are less liable to sneak into the sections to lay, and because
I don't have to climb trees and do many like undignified
things, when my queens are clipped."

Ask the third— an equally well-informed bee-keeper-
why he doesn't clip his queens, and he will probably answer
about as follows ;

"I don't clip my queens because I don't believe in de-
priving an intelligent, industrious and useful creature like
a queen-bee of the divinely bestowed blessing of liberty.
And I don't and won't do it. because I think it's a wicked
thing to do to maim and mar for life a beautiful little crea-
ture like a queen-bee. Besides, I wouldn't clip my queens
for practical reasons that I can mention." He continues :
" I am a very busy man and can't aS'ord to stand around
in my apiary on the watch during the swarming season for
clipped queens when they come out with a swarm. If my
queens were clipped, and a swarm issues when I'm attending
to business somewhere else, she'll probably get lost in the
grass, or get picked up by a bee-bird. I don't keep my hives

360

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURISAL.

June 4, 1903.

down near the ground," he explains, " so that a queen once
out couldn't g-et back without help if she is clipped. Be-
sides these and several other reasons, I oppose the practice
of queen-clipping because I believe bee-keeping is being
run away from the path of Nature marked out for bees by
the Creator himself. In other words, I believe it's a viola-
tion of the law of Nature, and of bee-nature in particular, to
deny them the right and the inborn inclination to swarm
in their own way. Now," he concludes, " I don't want any-
body to think I'm saying this because I am proprietor of
the best, the tip-topest swarm-catcher in the world, but
simply because I'm a friend of Nature, and of bee-nature in
particular."

" Now, let me tell you, Mr. Bond," I continued,
" there is more truth than poetry in at least one of the rea-
sons given by the objector for not clipping his queens. I
think myself, that, when bee-keeping — or the keeping of
bees, rather — is only one of the many irons he keeps in the
fire, for business reasons queen-clipping would hardly be
the right thing for him. Especially not if he objects to
spending reasonable wages for a reliable person to take his
place at watching for clipped queens during the swarming
season.

" But the matter really has its serious aspects. In your
case, for instance, you have told me that you are a farmer
for business, and a keeper of bees for what pleasure there
may be in it, with all the honey you and family want to use.
Very well, then I would advise you not to clip your queens
as long as you limit yourself to two or three colonies. For
it's just about as the objector says about clipped queens get-
ting lost or devoured by birds when some one isn't promptly
on hand to pick her up when she comes out with a swarm.
In a case of that kind I think it would be best to let your
bees swarm in their own way, and run the risk of losing
your swarm, and take the labor and the sweat, and some-
times the stings, incident to the catching of it.

" This piece of advice is all the more sensible and practi-
cal in face of the fact that it is known to be extremely un-
usual for a swarm to issue and cut a bee-line for parts un-
known (to the bee-keeper) without first clustering and wait-
ing a while somewhere within your reach."

Douglas Co., Kans.

Feeding Bees in the Spring.

BY A. C. F. BARTZ.

ON page 278 appears a criticism by Mr. Arthur C. Miller,
of Mr. Dadant's article on page 231. In it he charges

Mr. Dadant with ignorance of ordinary bee-life, but
makes a much greater error when he says, in part, "All
sorts of food, fed in all sorts of ways, and to all conditions
of colonies." Now, this is a very sweeping statement
which, if taken as it reads, leaves no room for any questions
whatever, and, I suppose, is taken for granted by a good
many who have had no further experience in feeding for
stimulating purposes than Mr. Miller seems to have, for if
he had gone through the experience I went through about
seven years ago, and Mr. Dadant undoubtedly had a similar
experience, Mr. Miller would not have made such a sweep-
ing statement as he did. There are conditions here in which
stimulative feeding is of great value and indispensable,
and his own Italics — " they are stirred up and create more
heat " — are in question, because not only the welfare, but
in some cases the existence of the colony depends upon
them.

Now, for the benefit of the readers of the American Bee
Journal, I will mention the conditions under which stimula-
tive feeding is absolutely necessary, and I am pretty sure'
if Mr. Miller ever meets with those conditions, he will ap-
prove of my statement. The conditions are as follows :

The bees, having been out of the cellar in the spring
for a month or more, have had some fine weather, and
brood-rearing has been progressing. Four or more combs
are being filled with brood. Young bees are hatching by
the hundreds every minute. Thus, the unsealed honey is
being consumed very rapidly within the brood-nest.

Now, at once, comes a cold spell — a spell like we are
just having — which may last two weeks. During this time
the bees are forced to contract into a solid winter cluster, to
say nothing of their being able to leave the hive, for that
would be altogether out of the question, for a bee, leaving
the hive at such spells, would never return.

The hatching bees within the cluster, on not finding
enough honey to satisfy them, are just the first ones to feed
upon the jelly fed to the larvae, and, after that is gone, drop

off from the comb ; not yet upon the bottom-board, but
within the cluster, and the bee-keeper does not know what
is going on until the cluster breaks and the adult bees move
slowly to combs containing honey.

The queen stops laying, and either part of the whole
brood-nest is left unprotected. But if at such times a little
food is given, the queen will keep on laying, the larva; are
fed, the hatching bees will remain alive, and the colony suf-
fers but little. The bee-keeper, upon the arrival of warm
weather, is delighted on seeing so many young bees taking
their first flight, and, on opening the hive, finds the brood-
nest still full of brood, where, on the other hand, if he had
not fed, would likely find the brood-nest empty, even if the
bees had reached enough honey to sustain their own life.

I am not an advocate of early spring feeding, nor at
any time when bees can fly. I never found it practical, nor
did I see any gain in it. ii'/;/ / a/zfaji'5 feed in such cold
spells after the bees have large quantities of brood, and have
found it the best investment.

I also discovered a very practical way of feeding during
such cold spells. Take some extracted honey, which is
candied solid ; stir it and punch it until it becomes soft like
dough. Then take manill a wrapping-paper or fibre, cut it
into pieces about eight or ten inches square, take the honey-
knife and on it paste or smear about half a pound of this
extracted honey. Raise up the hive in front and push the
paper under the cluster, or if the cluster does not reach the
bottom-board, paste it right under the cluster on the frames.
In this way you do not have to open the hive and let any
heat escape, for it is done almost instantly, and the bees
will take the feed up without breaking cluster.

Chippwa Co., Wis.

Bees and Cross-Pollination in Flowers.

BY H. D. SCHWKINHAGKN.

LITTLE was known about fertilization of plants before
Darwin wrote his work on the fertilization of orchids,
and his work on the origin of species. He wrote much
on cross-pollination in flowers and gave us a universal
knowledge on all living things, plants and animals. On
his great work all scientific men and other observers base
their investigations.

The unparalleled success of Charles Darwin is well
known. It shows him at the close of his century, to have
been, if not the greatest, at least the most effective of its
distinguished scientists. The question of cross-pollination,
I think, is well settled through his work and the observers
of to-day. Under this class I feel that all successful bee-
keepers must be classed.

But the question whether bees are beneficial to orchards
is somewhat problematical. Bee-men, who usually are quite
accurate observers, are positive about it, and are, of course,
in favor of the bees' usefulness to horticulture. Fruit-
growers on the other hand, often claim to find crops just as
good, or even better, without the aid of the bees.

But if we observe how the plant is depi^ndent upon the
insects, the question becomes a very interesting one.
Many of us, however, have never seen the actual process.
Insects move so rapidly, and many of them are so very
small that we are wont to despair of seeing this miracle per-
formed.

There are many interesting things in Nature that we
can observe in our daily life without bothering with the dry
problems that confront scientists, and this is one: Flowers
live by insects and insects live by the flowers. Nature's
provision in flowers is wonderful. Their hoods contain nec-
tar, which emits a strong odor, effectively advertising it.
This odor is very pleasing to the bee's sense of smell and
will attract her. The bee, clinging to the flower, as it
gathers nectar, catches its foot in slits between the nectar-
cups or hoods; as it leaves the flower a foot is released by
drawing it up through the slit, dragging with it two club-
shaped masses of pollen. It flies to another flower and,
while continuing the process of gathering nectar, draws a
pollen-mass into the same sort of slit that caught its foot
before, whereby some of the pollen will break off and is left
where it can effect cross-fertilizition.

We can see from this observation that the plant was
assisted, to a great extent, by the bee, but the plant uses
Nature's gift, the nectar, to attract the bees. For, the bee,
to get the nectar, alights on the flower and thrusts it pro-
boscis down into the nectar-cup for a sip.

There are certain flowers that open at certain time of the
day, and others open only at night. Now this is not the re-

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

361

suit of chance. Certain flowei's depend upon certain insects
for fertilization, and they open when those particular in-
sects are on the wing. Flowers sometimes appear to act as if
they were endowed with human intelligence. Cut some tine
branches of a laurel (sweet bay) from the outside and put it
into water in the house. Now. the flowers you have cut and
taken into the house will last longer because they are wait-
ing for the insect on which they depend for fertilization,
and from which they have been separated by your bringing
them into the house. It is also said that some tropical
orchids last longer in hot-houses here than they do in their
native state, for the same reason.

It may be well to bring up here this fact, which bee-
keepers, no doubt, have observed, and that is, that bees
visit but one species during each trip.

I saw an article in the Metropolitan and Rural Home
from which these few lines are taken :

" We think there are years when the seasonal conditions
make bees almost the entire dependence for fertilization. At
other times, it seems that bees are not needed at all, because
other insects and winds furnish satisfactory fertilizing
agencies."

I would suggest that a wet season would require the
bees' work. In that condition the flowers and pollen are
moist, and therefore the pollen cannot be so well transferred
to other flowers by winds. The bee is built for its work on
business principles. Hair is situated on its hind legs and
form a pocket in which pollen can be carried home, the ulti-
mate use of which is for food for the young.

The bee is covered with pollen in passing from flower
to flower, so that it can scarcely help passing the pollen to
the stigma of the flower. Henry Co., Ohio.

[ Our Bec-Heepins Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Letters from the Sisters Appreciated.

I have received so many nice letters regarding the
" Sisters' Department " that I feel like writing a personal
letter to each in reply, but for lack of time I must content
myself by saying through the Bee Journal how much I
appreciate them, and I want to express my sincere thanks
to each of you for them. If you knew how much good your
letters have done me, I am sure you would not hesitate to
write again.

I feel sure the department will be improved for our be-
coming better acquainted. E. M. W.

Hiving: Swarms on Tall Trees.

On page 232, Miss Wilson gives interesting experiences
of hers in hiving a swarm of bees clustered upon the limb
of a tall tree. And she calls upon the other sisters to tell
how they do it. Now perhaps she may allow me — an ad-
mirer of the Sisters' Department in the Bee Journal — to tell
the manner of my doing it in one particular case.

Surrounding my bee-house are many trees, most of
them small with the exception of three, two of which are
apple, one elm. Well do I remember, a few years since,
upon a beautiful May morning, the voice of my wife calling
out : " Bees are swarming, come, quick !" Of course, like
all good and obedient husbands, I hastily donned my hat
and obeyed the call, finding the air full of bees, which had
just begun to cluster upon the tall elm on a large limb,
fully 30 feet from the ground, and not over 4 feet from the
body of the tree. I watched them all cluster, and then said
to my wife : " I will never risk my life up there to hive
those bees."

Now, I was made happy in hearing her say : "I would
not try to get them. Let them go."

(Of course, I could not but think my life was not in-
sured for her benefit). But I rather wanted those bees, it
being an extra large swarm, and an effort to save them
could not meet with more than failure, although a wlioUy
and untried one with me. So, getting a pole some 1^ feet
long, tying a brush upon the end, with a 20-foot ladder rest-
ing against the body of the tree, I ascended the ladder to

give them a brushing-ofl' the limb, and start them for the
woods or some o^her place. Of course, the air was full of
mad bees, but I soon discovered they were clustering upon
the top of the tall apple-tree. I went at them again before
they had all clustered, and thoy went for me, too. But
their next move was upon a small plum-tree in the garden,
from which I secured them without further trouble.
Hampshire Co., Mass. Joseph Blake.

"If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." You
certainly did deserve being rewarded with success for your
perseverance with that swarm. But say, while you were
working so hard for those bees, didn't you wish you had
clipped the wings of your queens 7 It would have been fun
to sit in the shade and watch those bees come back. Now,
wouldn't it ?

Drawn Comb for Swarms— Drone-Comb With-
held from the Brood-Chamber.

1. If you hive a swarm on 10 frames of drawn comb will
it not detain them longer than is desirable from going into
the sections?

2. If drone-comb is withheld from the bees in the brood-
chamber, will it not force the queen into the sections,
where queen-excluders and full sheets of foundation are not
used in the sections? L. S. R.

Answers — 1. Yes, I should think it would ; but why
hive them on 10 combs ? Why not give them only 4 or 5
combs at first, filling up the rest of the space with dummies,
then after they have filled the ones they have, perhaps in
10 days, give them the rest. That would give better results
as far as the sections are concerned.

2. If there is little or no drone-comb allowed in the
brood-chamber, there is a very strong inducement for the
queen to go into the sections under said conditions, and she
will be very apt to do it, if no excluder is used. Even with
full sheets used in the sections a few drone-cells will some-
times be squeezed in the sections for the queen to lay in,
and more than once I have found a queen-cell built in one
corner of a section from which a young queen had emerged.

But with full sheets of foundation in the sections there
will be so little trouble that it is not worth while to use
excluders.

Getting" Lang-stroth Hives — Uniting- Swarms.

I am glad to be remembered in regard to the bee-keep-
ing sisters' department. I have no suggestions to make in
regard to its improvement.

I have 19 colonies of bees. I have always helped my
husband with the bees, but since I have lost my husband I
will try to take care of them myself.

1. Can you tell me where I canget the Langstroth hive?
If so, please let me know.

2. I would like to know if I could unite two or more
swarms of bees in the swarming season. That is, if I
should have one swarm to-day and another to-morrow,
could I unite them ? Mrs. A. W. T.\bor.

Bremer Co., Iowa, May 19.

Answers — 1. In the fullest sense of the word, any
movable-frame hive is a Langstroth hive, as Langstroth
invented the movable frame. The one most commonly in
use is probably the dovetailed hive, and can be had from
almost any dealer in bee-keepers' supplies.

2. There is little trouble in uniting swarms that issue
on the same day, and there may be no trouble in uniting
them if they issue a day apart, or even several days apart.
But you may have trouble trying to unite a prime swarm
and an after-swarm that do not issue at the same time.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3'/ix6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains "Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order. Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflfice.

362

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

Hasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seeo through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

SHADE OF MUI,BERRY-TREBS.

Crossed his mulberry-trees with squash-vines — 'pears
like I They reach out in every direction and shade a whole
apiary with two trees. No use for the rest of us to hanker
after them, seeing we have not California's stimulating
climate to make them grow. The miniature forest of props
needed to hold them up is an item on the undesirable side —
but can be endured I reckon. In fact, we are not reasonable
to ask for a shade that shall encumber the ground not at all,
like the cloud over the Tabernacle. Page 258.

CLEANING OUT UNFINISHED SECTIONS.

It's quite true that bees show surprising contempt for
honey in granular form — kick it around here and there, and
oft leave in the cells, for the time being, whatever granules
gravity and inertia may keep there. While a cell is in that
condition they don't put nectar in it, I reckon. What I
would like to know is. What measure of cleaning and pol-
ishing do average bees on an average occasion give to their
store-comb ? Not the exquisite work they put on brood-
comb, I fear. The rogues won't do such work in advance
much. Whatever they do they do off-hand — in goes the
honey, and then we cannot see, as we can in the cases where
an egg is put in. I think they usually rub over all the ter-
ritory at least once and remove debris. To a bee a honey
granule is a small brickbat. Don't believe it is their habit
to leave brickbats in their storage-space. Still, I'd give
a yoke of my six-legged oxen to be sure of it. When
every bee is loaded with nectar and nowhere to put it, and
just then a super of baits is put on, perhaps, under the
pressure, there may be much less cleaning done than usual.
Wish I knew. More or less small debris is often worked
into wax, and some fine granules may go the same way.
How much harm would they do ? My theory, you see, is in-
clining dangerously toward spring cleaning. My practice
is worse yet — no cleaning at all. I have very few of these
sections, comparatively. One or two to a hive is usually all
I can muster when it comes time to put on sections. To
that small extent I deliberately put them on, honey, granules
and all. My June flow is very fickle ; and I figure it that
more than half the time they will be cleaned out in the best
style of the art before any honey is put into them. Think
it a good thing to familiarize the bees with the new space
just given them. And in the cases where the baits are not
entirely emptied they are worked upon considerably and at
once. This is anent the Doolittle- Wilson talk, on pages
262 and 312.

QUILTING SWARMS DOWN.

Yes, when the bees have actually swarmed, and you
have stopped them for once by quilting them down, then's a
good time to make your shaken swarm. 'Spects my bees
would get out and into a tree, somehow, unless those quilts
were manipulated with great vigor and adroitness. Page
264.

THE TELEPHONE, CHRISTINA AND THE COOK.

"It don't vas perfect yet" — the telephone where they
gave him the colored cook when he asked for his Christina.
Should say so. And bee-keeping, it's just that way, too, in
forty different corners. We anticipate Christina, and the
•colored cook turns up. And that is where the genius of the
thing comes in, in making the best of the cook, and letting
Christina go. Order ham and eggs. Page 267.

A RARE " BEER " AND HIS BEES.

Here's a rare kind of Beer (wish the other kind was as
rare) — a man 13 miles from any other bees. His bees, seen
two miles from home, and three miles from home, add new
evidence to the old that bees don't mind a little distance. I
note that it was, in one case, nothing more phenomenal
than garden gooseberries that they were after. Page 270.

" THE FOOT-PATH TO PEACH."

Thanks for the display paragraph that opens No. 18.
No danger of our being too often reminded that neither
honey nor cash are exchangeable for peace. Without re-

gard to " views " we all know that something to love, and
something to hope for, and quiet satisfaction of heart, are
what we want. However absurdly we may scramble away
from it we want it still.

SIZE OF THE TWIST OF A TWISTING BOARD.

On page 276 you're away off in your mathematics, dear
Boss — at least so it seems to me. Halving a twisting board
reduces the twist to much less than half. We see that the
clearer if we look in the other direction. Suppose a 14-
inch board twists one-quarter inch, how much should a 28-
inch board twist ? Correct answer should be one inch, not
one-half inch merely. The added 14 inches has its own
twist, and the benefit of the other one's also.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Farced Swarms— Separating Swarms.

1. Is it a good time to make forced swarms when the bees begin to
hang out!

2. Should supers be given bees before such swarms are made? If
so, which colony should have W. And about how soon, under favor-
able conditions, will the other colony need a super?

3. When several swarms go together, how is the best way to sepa-
rate them so as to have a queen for each ! New York.

Answers. — 1. You can't depend upon them hangingout. You can
tell belter by looking inside the strongest colonies to see whether they
have started queen-cells.

2. Yes, give supers as soon as the harvest fairly commences, or a
little before; give the super of course to the old colony, as there is yet
no other; leave the supers with the swarm, and give the super to the
old colony when it becomes strong enough, if it becomes strong while
the harvest lasts.

3. One way is to u6e a tin dipper to measure out enough for each
swarm.

Perhaps Poisoning or Bee-Paralysis.

Enclosed find a few bees. What do you thinli about them. I have
18 colonies of bees, and among them there are quite a number of colo-
nies that are, it seems to me, l\illing off lots of bees, as I can find a
handful of dead bees in front of the hives. These enclosed are some
that were strewn around. I have been watching them and trying to
tind out what was the trouble, but as yet cauuot find any cause.
Those enclosed have a red stripe around their body instead of a yellow
one.

The bees seem to be at work carrying pollen, but all day I can find
a lot of them in the grass, crawling around and waiting for death to
corae. Illinois.

Answer. — Nothing can be told from appearance of the bees, but
from what you say it is quite possible that it may be either a case of
poisoning or of bee-paralysis. If poisoning, of course there is nothing
to be done; and if paralysis, you will probably find the trouble disap-
pear of itself, although farther south paralysis is a very serious mat-
ter. Unfortunately no reliable remedy for paralysis can be offered.

German Bee-Paper.

What is the address of a German bee-paper that treats exclusively
of bees? Wasuington.

Answer. — Praktischer Wegweiser, Oranienburg-Berlin, Germany.

Bienenwirtschaftliches Centralblatt, 33 Georg strasse, Hannover,
Germany.

Leipziger Bienenzeilung, Taubeohen weg I'.i, Leipzig, Germany.

Bienenzucht, Thuringia, Germany.

-♦-»-»

Bees Lost in Winter and Spring.

Being a beginner in the bee-business I take the liberty of submit-
ting the following facts for your consideration :

Last fall 1 had T colonies of bees in box-hives. One colony died
early this spring, the bees being found dead on the bottom. Three
more of the hives have but a handful in each box and are getting less
every day. The hives contain plenty of honey and combs. The boxes
were single-walled with no protection from cold, which was severe last
winter. The top cover of the boxes was filled with chaff. Bee-keep-
ers in general around here have lost about T.5 percent of their bees dur-
ing last winter and this spring under similiar circumstances to those

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

363

nientioneii. What can be the causei and what the preventivi- nf a
similar occurrence? Utah.

Answer. — It is possible that there may have been some special
reason about which I know nothing-, and it is also possible that there
may be nothing more than unusually trying weather. If thetroulile was
the unusually severe winter, then the remedy is better protection, or
else cellaring. If there had been protection on three sides as well as
on top, the result might have been different. A windbreak on the
side or sides subject to severest winds might also help.

Queenless Colony Uniting wltti a Neighbor's Different
Kind of Bees.

1. My bees wintered well with corn-fodder set up on the north and
west sides. I lost two colonies this spring that were queenless. I
had two colonies in box-hives, apparently strong in April. They were
not more than .six inches apart. They seemed to be very neighborly
with each other. They would mix together and crawl from one hive
to the other. Finally, I discovered robber-bees lurking around one of
the hives, and so I examined the hive and there was not a bee in it. I
pried it to pieces and got 20 pounds of honey out of it. Don't you
think the bees deserted the hive and went with the other colony that
was strong the first of April ;

2. You will find four bees wrapped up in paper in this letter. They
are honey-bees, but I do not know what species. Will you tell me
what kind of bee it is* I caught them gathering honey from ground-
ivy. There are quite a good many. They are like our honey-bee, but
they have long horns or smellers on their head, and they have no
stingers. There are two which are smaller than the other two, but I

kept bees for 2.''i years and never

think they are the same kind. I havi
saw any bees like them.

Since 1 started this letter I have caught some more of that new
kind of bees, that have a white or yellow nose. Illinois.

Answer.— 1. Your surmise is very reasonable. The colony prob-
ably was queenless, and when its mmr neighbor began appropriating
its stores it joined in with the rnurau.lcrs. The only thing that seems
strange about it is that you should tmve found any honey in the hive,
but perhaps you came upon them too soon for it to be carried out.

2. I am sorry to say I'm not an cutomologist, only a practical bee-
keeper, and I don't know enough to be sure about different kinds of
bees except hive-bees and bumble-bees.

Transferring and Introducing.

1. I bought a colony of bees in an old red hive, the frames run-
ning crosswise in the hive. I wish to transfer into a new 10-frame
hive, painted white. To place it over the new hive so as to fit I will
have to turn it one-fourth around. Will the change of position and
color make any difference*

2. How soon shall I put the queen in the new hive?

MiSSOUKI.

Answer.— 1. The white color and the quarter turn need not make
any great trouble, but if you mean that you intend to put the new
hive over the old one, with the view of having the bees work up into
the new one, my advice would be, " Don't." Drum the bees up into
the new hive so as to get the queen into it, then put the new hive
with the queen below the other hive, with an excluder between, and
the bees will start work below much better than if you put the new
hive above.

Agriculture and Golden Queens

mailed promptly on receipt of $1.00 each, or
f'l.OO per dozen. While the Goldens are of the
highest type, the daughters of a fine breeder
imported by the V.S. Departmentof Agriculture
from the Province of Bergamo, Italy, are sec-
ond to none. Money-order oflice, Warrentou.

W. H. PRIDGEN,

23A4t CREBK, War

flease Tneution Be^ Journal t

I Co.N. C.

Hij writing

"IlaLRUMELY?

The thr

here. Summtd up. it means the mudel threshil

thebest money can buy. You will find the I atest catalog I

on Rumely's Rear Geared Traction Engines and f

New Rumely Separators full of tlireshermen's logic,

arg-umentthat convinces. Write us for it. Mailed free.

M. RUMELY CO., LA PORTE, IND. I

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

Ihoee wbo work tor us. Cow kcepcTBtii-' aye

large profits. Emv work. W« furnish capllal. t)end
10 c«Dl8 for fnll line of samples and rttitlculare.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cblcaeo. Ills.

50 Colonies of Bees

"FOR SALE

With Extractor and Honey-Tank.

A. BEEKEEPER,

23A2t SHELLVILLE, CALIF.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

]

A Beginner's Experienee.

I bought two colonies of bees in box-hives
in 1897, and had them put into frame hives
with supers the same spring, and Italian
queens introduced. The work, new hives and
queens cost me ^^S.OO.

In 1SSI8 we had two swarms ; I hived one
and gave the other for the hive we put the
swarm in. These three colonies had but little
attention, and did not swarm nor store much
honey during lsfl9, 1900, and I'.IOl. In the
spring of lii02 I bought five frame hives and
fixtures, moved my bees 7 miles to where I
now live. The man who moved them could
hardly understand it, that I was buying five
frame hives and had only three colonies. I
got him to help me transfer the three. We
divided the brood from the 3 hives and made
4 colonies. They did well after the transfer,
and I had 2 swarms. One came out while my
wife and I were away, and we lost it. A few
days after we came back another fine swarm
came out. We housed them all right. I now
had b colonies. They did well and stored
considerable honey. When the winter be-
gan they had the supers about half full of
nice honey, which I left with them. I looked
at them twice during the winter.

About the last week in February I moved
them some 30 yards out of the vineyard from
the east side of the house to the south side,
where I had provided a bench about 15 inches
from the ground and IS inches wide. When

lUY POULTRY SUPPLIES^

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Our Poultry Specialists

win answer all inquiries free of cimrge. Write us
frc.-lv and ask tor free catalog B.

W. i. GIBSON & CO., (Inc ) Union Stock Yards, CHICAGO.

Please uiciiLiuii Jioe juixni.-i wuuu \vriuug,

Italian Qu&c^ns,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .80

One Tested Queen 1.00

One Select Tested Queen. 1.25

One Breeder Queen 2.0O

Okc - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen] 1 10

Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog. J. L. STRONQ,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLAKINDA, IOWA.
Hease meutioa Bee Journal Tvhen ■wrritiua

BIMGHAN'S PATENT
iL^d^^^g Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell, MicH

Please mention Bee Journal ■when -wntiD^..

PRICES OF CATTLE AND HOGS

GO HIGHER

If you have a Stromberg-Carlson 'IV-lepbone in the house you learn of any
rise iu prices, know every day « liat crops and stock are worth, get weather
reports regularly and are in touch with all the world. With a telephone iu
operation you can call the doctor in case of acciilmt or sudden illness, alarm the neighbor-
hood if iire breaks out or any other emergency occurs. The Stromberg-Carlson Tolciihones
have evrry modern improvenm-nt, areofjrreat efficiency, cheap and durable, all parts guaranteed live years.
Send for our free book F-1. on rural telephones. It gives illustrations showing styles, pri (■(■■>, etc.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE MFG. CO., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing:.

'64

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

Address,

FOR THE BEST

IIIVKi^, !l$MOUERS, KX-rRAC'rOlt»«, FUiri^UA'riUI^ -

AND ALL

BER-HEEPERS'' iSIIPPI.IKS.

PleasB mentio

^ Journal -wrViec '

Christian Scientists'

meeting- in Boston, June 28th to July
1st. It will be to your advantag^e to ob-
tain rates applying- over the Nickel
Plate Road before purchasing else-
■where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27. Final return limit Aug. 1.
Call on or address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc. 'Phone Cent-
ral 2057. 7— 22A5t

Please mention Bee Journal
■wheti wHtltur advertisers.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a line tiling for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
■wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent -with each one. We mail it for
25cents; or will send it F'KEE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at $1 .00 ; or for $1.10 we
■will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEOROE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

California Excursion

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE '°S-*.S1SS.''-

Marsiilield MannfactnrlBg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, MarsMield, Wis.

A26t Please mention Bee Journal wtien -wntine.

I moved the bees I changed the supers and
put the brood-chamber on top of the super.
The bees, up to this time, had used but little
of the honey they had in the supers.

I have just finished the work on them, and
will tell what I did. As the brood-chamber
was on top of the super, I commenced in the
brood-chamber by taking each frame and
shook the bees off of it down in front of the
stand, and took off every queen-cell I could
find. When I got down into ihe brood-cham-
ber I smoked it from the bottom and set the
super back on top of the brood. I then ex-
amined the supers very carefully, and found
that the bees had used all the honey in them.
1 cut out all comb that was not in proper
shape on the frames. I found in the brood-
chamber every cell was sealed with honey or
used for brood. I took from three to seven
queen-cells out of each. In this operation I
put seven brood-frames, and all the bees that
were on them, into an empty hive and stopped
them up until the next morning. This being
done late in the evening, the next morning I
opened the new hive at the top, gave them a
few puffs of smoke, arranged the frames
properly, put in the eighth frame with brood-
foundation, and closed them up at the top
and opened the entrance, and in a short time
they seemed to be as quiet and well content
as any colony on the bench.

I think my bees have done well, and I now
have an abundance of bees ; the hives are all
very large. I have four colonies of black
bees that I bought last fall, and which I
worked in the same way as the above-men-
tioned five. I have been in business for 13 years,
and so did not attend to my bees properly.
I no longer have ary business, and I watch
the bees very frequently, and have taken a
great interest in them. I now have 10 colonies,
6 Italian and 4 black. J. G. White.

Crawford Co., Ark., May S.

Grange-Bloom Honey.

I mail you a sample of pure orange-bloom
honey taken from a 6-ton tank full. I am
running three apiaries this season, all for ex-
tracted honey, and have already extracted 14
tons of pure orange-bloom honey, with more
of it in the supers ; but as bees are commenc-
ing on sage, our next extracting will be
orange and sage honey. F. McNat.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 19.

[The sample was very tine. It looks as it
some parts of California are getting some
honey. — Editor.]

Formalin or Formaldehyde.

I quite agree with Mr. Hasty's remarks on
page 329, respecting the mix-up of the above,
and as I am iiut a chemist perhaps I can the
better tell laymen about it. My experience
with it has been practical, and what I don't
know about it might fill a volume, but I'll try
not to go that far.

In the first place, so far as the laymen go,
the two words mean the same. Formaldehyde
bears the same relation to formalin that am-
monia does to aqua-ammonia. Ammonia is a
gas, and aqua-ammonia is water charged with
the gas of varying strengths up to '26 percent,
after which the water will absorb no more.

Formalin is water charged with the gas —
formaldehyde— usually to about 40 percent.
Commercially, all we ever have to do with is
formalin, so we might as well drop the longer
word.

It was discovered not many years ago by
German chemists, and has been largely used
as a germicide. It has a peculiarly sharp
odor, and produces a stinging sensation in the
nose some time after smelling it. To some it
is more offensive than ammonia, and would
belter be approached with caution on first
acquaintance. It is as harmless as ammonia,
however, and is good for catarrh.

As it is an absolute preventive of mold and
fermentation, it has been largely used for that
purpose. A few drops in a quart of milk will
keep it sweet for days, or in paste will pre-
serve it indefinitely. (Try this.)

Being so good a preservative, the milk-men,
brewers, and others, have gotten "onto" it,
and here is where the abuse of a good thing
has come in. It has been found extremely

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

365

dangerous, it not deadly, when taken into
some stomachs, and is now condemned as a
preservative of foods by various health de-
partments.

It renders gelatine or glue insoluble in hot
water, and is an antiseptic tougheuer of the
skin. The Cerman soldiers are made to bathe
their feet in a weak solution of it, and to drop
a little in their shoes to toughen them and
prevent sweating.

As a germicide I believe it is now consid-
ered pre-eminent by the best authorities.
Sheets saturated witli it are now used almost
universally for disinfection after contagious
diseases, and it is regarded as sure death to
all germs of disease.

I have had no experience with foul brood,
and hope I will not have, but if I should have,
I think I'd atomize it with formalin for a
venture, anyway.

With apologies to Mr. Hasty.

Ralph D. Cleveland.

Dupage Co., 111.

P. S.— It may be bought of any druggist,
and costs about as much as ammonia.

R. n. C.

Experience with Queens— A Reply.

On page I'.IS, Henry Alley starts off well,
but he is like the bees I have in the grain re-
gion of the Willamette Valley I spoke about
some time ago — he gathers poor stuff before
he gets through. At least two statements in
his article are not argument, and do not prove
anything except that he is too set in his ways
to live and learn anything new. But what
does prove something is the fact that many
subscribers of the " Old Reliable" and many
other bee-papers are buying queens every
year that never live through the first winter,
and most of the colonies that receive them
never yield any surplus. Then, again, in his
own article he admits the Italian bee has be-
come a tender lot and diUicult to rear.

Now, Mr. Alley, I have not had the pleas-
ure of testing any of your queens, but others
that I know of have, and they didn't vary
much from those I bought of a half dozen
other breeders. Every queen I bought of all
parties except one died the first winter, and
that one spring dwindled and died the next
spring, and they were all built up to strong
colonies within 30 days after receiving them;
in no case did any of them ever yield any sur-
plus, while those despised blacks were filling
from two to three large-sized supers for each
colony.

Now, then, what would you have done un-
der the same circumstances, wanting section
honey and not queens? Well. I will tell you.
You would study cause and effect, which I
did and am doing, and from the results you
would have drawn down your conclusions.

Now, let me give you a little account of

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey QueensSu"/!

1 6 12

Untested $1.00 $5.00 $ 9.(X)

Tested 1.2S 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

.2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.0O 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They '-ere
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, l^Ol.
Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead, tshe had a rousing colonv when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before

May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or

Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Hease mention Bee Journal when ■writlnd

Thoiisanfls oi Hives - Minions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selUnR- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shippin^j to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S. A. _

Headquarters FO" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal when writmF

FounflaiLasi!

A place where I am
rearing QUEENS for
Business, Gentleness,
Beauty, and For Sale.
Prices :

Untested,each,7Sc; doz.$T.50
Tested,each, $1.00; doz ,$10.

Either Golden, or
leather-colored strains
warranted pure.

Remit by Postal
DANIEL WURTH.
Queen Specialist,
17D4t K.iKNES City, Karnes Co., Texas.
Please mention Bee .foumal "when writing

Money Orders.

V.Vc"- >i INDIANA STEEL&WIRE CO.

WIRE < MUNCIE.INDIAMA.

To Boston and Return at One Pare

for the round trip from Chicago via
Nickel Plate Road, for Christian Sci-
entists' meeting in June. Tickets on
sale June 2Sth, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st. Stop-
over at Niagara Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 20S7. 6— 22ASt

Business Queens,

Bred from best Italian honey-gathering stock,
and reared in KULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be erood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, TSc each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July ISth. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf Central Square, Oswego Co , N. Y.
*"'f,^e,fl mention Bee Journal -when wrttinr?

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

Queens, they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, s°peHor Carniolans, g°°4.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL. MAY. JUNE.

Best money can buy $5.00 each.

2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen $2.75

Untested $1.00 each; 6 for $ 5.00

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00

Tested 2.00 each; 6 for 10.00

Select Tested 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00 |

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

Front & Walnut Sts.,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

f^lease mentaon Bee.so»ima3 ■

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foiindulion is made by a process tliat pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest ba^^.-. It is tough and clear as'crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make. .. . ^ . .,

WorkinST ^vax into Foundation ior tsi!»li a Specialty. Heestvax
always wanted at IiiglieMt price.

Catalog gixiiig FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS. DITTMER. Augusta. Wis,

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal

when -writing
Advertisers »»•

366

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

sssassssssssssssssasssssssssssossssaasssssasssasssssss

^r^^^wfa-

--%i^k^, ,

Everything

FOR BEES-

. % Catalog with hundreds of

NK-n illustratioas FREE to

^ J bee keepers. Write for it now

<{•♦*
AGENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Ciease mention Bee Jotimai -when wiitine

SWEET CLOVER

And Several OtheF Clover Seeds.

We haTe made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with

"""'^"^ SBS 101b ZStt SOB

Sweet Clover (yellow).... $.90 11.70 $4.00 $7.50

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.JS 8.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

eEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO. ILL

Very best ot
goods, lar-

Bee=Supplies

IndiL
and get

Send list of goods

get our

Special Prices.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Tennessee ftueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3K miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2^ miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease. 30 years'
cperience. WARRANTED
UEENS, 75 cents each ;
ESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Hease mention Bfie Journal -when writinft

For Sale at a Bargain !

45 8-frame dovetail HIVES, (complete except
frames) about a dozen of them new, and bal-
ance but slightly used; ISO Sframe Ideal supers
with fences, nearly all new; and 2000 Ideal
358x5xl>4i sections, never opened; hives and
supers painted one coat. $40.00 takes the lot;
worth $100. C. H. MCNEIL,

21Atf 719 South 2d Ave., Maywood, III.
Please mention Bee Journal ■wlien -writlnB

Page Poultry Fence

Heavleswiiui stronBest madf^fences poultry IN and
BtockOUT. Dealers don't keep it. Wri'i""?- „,_„
PAtiK WOVKN H IKK FEM K CO., ADU1A>,31ICH.

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
forcatalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,

10A17t BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Flease mention Bee Journal when -wnttng.

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, GirlH, (.idandyounjr alike,

make moiity wurkint' for ua.

We hinilBh cajittal toetartyoo in bnsl-

unno. .j<:u^* »» 10c atampa or aUver for full InBtructlona and a line of

-unpleBtoworkwith. URAPFR PUBLISHING CO.Xhicaeo.lll

BOYS

Wanted to Sell.

New and Second-hand Comb-Honey Supers,
both 8-frame and lo-frame size, at half-price or
less. Some have sections and drawn comb.
Either section-holder arrangement or T supers
can be furnished. Hoffman worker-combs
wanted; also 5gal. square tin cans.
22A2t f:b. CAVANAUQH, Qalt, IVIIch.

Flease mention Bee Journal -when -writine

some of the results, first stating that every
year here is like the season you had there last
year— more or less cold and rainy during the
best honey-How, and the nights are always
cool here. Well, sir, I had h colonies enter
the supers before apple was in, and now, May
10, with apple in full bloom, every colony in
the home yard is working,' in the supers, and
those first .5 have each '-i supers on and over
half full, and they are all full-blooded blacks.

Say, Mr. Alley, don't you think I ought to
be suppressed*

Now, to come back to the subject in hand,
the queen you got in 1878, valued as she
should be for what honey her bees would pro-
duce in surplus, was worth just that much
more than the rest, as the crop from her col-
ony would exceed that of the others, quality,
etc., considered, which might not have ex-
ceeded any of the rest, nothing more. Any
other value you got out of her you created by
advertising and beauty, not utility.

Now, Mr. Alley, I see by your remarks
about black queens, yellow queens, dunghill
fowls, and up-to-date fowls, you have an eye
to free advertisements yet. But, look here,
don't you know that the best breeds of chick-
ens alive to-day for producing eggs are the
selected descendants ot those despised dung-
hill fowls? Well, I am just selecting the
honey-producers from among my blacks.

I am very sorry to lose my mainstay and
support on queens, "Dr. Gallup," but the
loss is pretty well made up by " foxy grand-
pa " coming to the rescue. I say, hurrah for
G. M. Doolittle, and with such a man as he
by my side I am ready to do battle with the
world, as he uses nothing but high-pressure,
smokeless powder, while Mr. Alley uses that
horrible smoky stuff.

Well, I will close for this time, but will give
you black-powder fellows something to roar
about when I get time to write an article on
laying workers, worker queens, and queens

r a I if /\cn i a I H 7°^ <^^" '" know of it»
C/allTOrnia. l Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Reaonrces, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornia'a Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltnral and Agricnltnral

Eaper of the Pacific Coast. Pnblished weekly,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free. __.—.•.
PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - Sak Frakcisco, Cal.

$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00

via Nickel Plate Road, occount meet-
ing of Christian Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st. Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open return limit of June
28. By depositing tickets with Joint
Agent in Boston on July 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and payment of feeof SOc, extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained. Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in either direction, without extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Three trains daily.
Through vestibuled sleeping - cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road ; also meals
a la carte. Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for reservation of sleep-
ing-car space and other information.
'Phone Central 2057. 8— 22A5t

proper

Geo. B. Whitcomb.

Linn Co., Oreg., May 13.

Bees Stinging Bright Objects— Sow-
ing for Bees.

Tell C. Stimson to get one of the bright
pendants that are used on the hanging lamps.
They are of glass and cut with many faces,
so that the rays of light strike from all direc-
tions, making an attractive mark. I have to
wear glasses to see well in clipping queens.
I don't like to wear a veil, as it not only im-
pedes sight, but interferes with breathing
and then, as 1 am one ot the boys of '01, I
contracted the tobacco habit when camp-life
had tew entertainments. The veil interferes
with the use of the weed. The bees had a
habit of diving for the glistening of my
glasses, and generally would hit the mark,
then crawl under them, and get m their work
on or near my eyes. I have had as many as
100 shots a day, and while the stmg doesn't
swell iny flesh it interferes with one's comfort.
80 I stuck a pin through one of these pen-
dants, and making a hook of it, stuck it m
my hat This makes a prominent mark and
good target, and keeps them wondering why
things are thus. , . . ,

I sowed five acres of alfalfa on high clay
ridge this spring. If it doesn't do well I shall
resow in two years, and thus gradually get
the " bugs " in that soil. We were taught in
our army life that the only way to succeed
was to keep everlastingly at it, and lE at first
repulsed (which often occurred, as our friends
in the Southland were of mighty good mate-
rial ) , to spit on our hands and try again. We
must adopt these tactics in our business and
never say die, but try, try again, and success
will crown our efforts. ^ , ,

I sowed half a bushel ot catnip seed last
fall in waste-places, under hedges, and along
river banks. It is coming up nicely. I got
some carpet-grass seed Irom California, and
have sowed that in sheltered spots, but do not
expect much from it in this climate. I have
some phacelia seed from (iermany that 1 will
trv It is a fine bee and fodder plant there,
an old German informs me. I have also
sowed buckbush along low ground near nver
edge, and expect good returns. We can do
much to improve our range 11 we will only

*E?ght years ago I sowed a peck of sweet

June 4, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

367

clover seed ia the gravel pit. The soil had
been removed eight feet deep. It grew and
flourished like a green-bay tree, but when the
railroad got all the gravel the land reverted
to this same old Dutchman, who got me the
phacelia seed, he fenced in that '20 acres and
took in the town cows to pasture. They made
short work of my sweet clover patch, ate it so
short that it scarcely bloomed, while over the
fence, where the cows couldn't get at it, it
grew 4 to 6 feet high. The cows did well on
this kind of feed, and it yielded abundant
feed, but I fear that it is all " up '' with that
part of my range, as they eat it so close, and
no seed ripens, that time will call it hence to
bloom no more on that spot for ever. But the
investment in that peck of seed paid me well,
as it furnished seed for several years, and in
some way it got scattered by some " fly by
night" birds, and now grows in many waste
spots and roadsides where ragweed, wild sun-
flowers and horseweeds once flourished.
There's nothing succeeds like success, and the
only way to wear away failure is to keep the
water constantly dropping.

I have 98 colonies in good condition, with
queens all clipped last week, and am awaiting
the harvest. Last season was the worst I ever
saw, wet, cold, and no surplus. I lost 40 col-
onies in wintering, some in the cellar, some
packed in leaves. Some were queenless, and
more short of stores. I was sick in the fall
and did not feed enough. 1 never lost many
before. C. E. Morris.

Carroll Co., Iowa, May 16.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Te.ias Bee-Keepers" Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at Collegf Station,
Te-\as, July 7 to M, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings. Cheap e.xcursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet your fellow-men, and talk. E.x-
hibits of all kinds of stuff. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Scholl, Sec.

55 Best Queen ot Sixtu-tive 55

Belle Plaine, Mi.n.n, April, fOS.
Mr. Alley:— I have a queen received from
you in 1900. Her bees are the best honey-gath-
erers of an apiary of 65 colonies in which are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them. The Adel queen is
the best of the lot. C. J. Oldenbekg.

A Tested Adel Breeding Queen and my new
book giving result of 40 years' experience in
rearing queens, sent by mail for $2.00. War-
ranted Adel queens, each, $1.00. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Send for price list of queens and
prospectus of book.

20Atf HENRY ALLEY, WenHAM. MASS.
Please mention Bee Jovimal wlien wrtUoa

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bat 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is ne.es-

'"^" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

EEP MONEY a'ld?°?^o"ffi

If you work for us. We will start you in
lOuslneBB and furnish the capital. Work
|aght and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of Bamples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcago, Ills.

Please mention Bee Journal -when "writing

: Do It Quick! [

I $2.50 for

: $1.2-°

The Modern Farmer i
and Busy Bee, $.=Wc; ►

National k
Fruit-Grower, 50c:

TheAmerican Poultry r
Journal, SOc:

Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, $1.00; y

ALL FOR $1.00 .

TieModernFarmer ►

St. Joseph, rij .

^ Sample Free

Vlease mention Bee journal -when -writine

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reg^ular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with SI. 00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Con\-
' bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, SCO brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yon say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John B.irnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee jDumal wlien writing.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honev; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants: the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered bv an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, SO cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.
Please '-tfintion Bee Jotimal when writiug.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

that is over a quarter
century old and is still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

AmeFican Poultry Journal.

50 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MAKKET QUOTATID.NS

J

Chicago, Maj 7.— The past winter and pres-
ent sprinjr have bean a disappointment to pro-
ducers and dealers in honey, in that the con-
sumption has been away below the averag^e of
the past decade. Choice to fancy comb is held
at 15#lbc perpound, with off grades at .Jio^Sc less
per pound. Extracted, white, 0(u7c; ambers*
*>@6Hc; dark, S>^@6c. Beeswax in ^ood demand
at 32c. R. A. BuRNBTT Ol co.

Kansas City, May 28.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand g-ood.
We quote vou as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3.50; No. 1 white comb, 2*
sections, $3 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3.0t'(ai3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6>^c; amber, 5^c. Beeswax, 25(gi30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. T., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock li^ht. Comb selling*,
light, ISc; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J6c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Apr. 27.— Little demand for comb
honey at present; fancy white sells at 15fal6ciii
a small way. We quote amber extracted at
5>^@6>^c; white clover, 8@9c. Sales not as lively
as expected this season of year. Cuban ex-
tracted is offered on all sides, and future prices
are awaited with intense interest. Beeswax
strong at 3(ic. Thb Fred W. MnxH Co.

New Yoke, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll(g»l3c, according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.

HiLDRBTH & SBOBX.KBN.

Cincinnati, May 19.— The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up. The demand for ex-
tracted has not changed whatever, and prices
are as follows: Amber in barrels, 5^@55^c;
in cans, 6@6Jic; white clover, S^85^c. Bees-
wax, 28@30c. C. H. W. Webbk.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb honey,
12@12!^c; amber, 9C*wl0c; dark, 7@7Hc. Ex-
tracted, white, 65^@7c: light amber. 5M@6c;
amber, 5@S^iic; dark. 4@4%c. Beeswax, good to
choice, light 27®29c; dark, 2S@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned up, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Values for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.

%A/ A Kl T Cr^ WHITE CLOVER EX-

YVMIN I tW TRACTED HONEY!

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Plea^se meation Bee Journal -when ■writmc

9

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

U present you with the first to yon
take in to etart you in a good paying busl-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directione how to beRin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cblcaso, IDs.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are interested In Sheep In any w»y
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which ia the sheep-breeder anl
his industry, firstfforemost and all the time.
Are you interested 7 Write to-day.
WOOL WARICITS AND SHEEP. CHICABO lU.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

368

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 4, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so g-ood. If you buy of us yoii
'Will not be disappointed.
We are undersold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

jpiease ir.entiOL Bee Joumai when -writme,

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightly dam-
aged Clark and Bingham Bee-Smokers, which
got a little damp and soiled at the time of the

«;.•& :« t'Ua KitilHiriiT nrhf^ff Tpp ^vpre nhnut 2 vears

fire i

J the building where we were about 2 years
„.„. They are all almost as good as new.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

,,i..^^4

Bee-Keepers, Remember

that the freight rates from Toledo
. are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell

Root's Supplies at their

Factory Prices * * * * *

Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-
plements a specialty. Send for our
free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and
Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Please

tnention the Bee J

mrnal.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for US. Uncle Sam'B poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for eamplea and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

buBinetis. Draper Publishing Co.tChicago,m.

Special Notice to Bee-KecDcrs ! §

BOSTON!

Money in Bees for You. g

Catalog Price on g

ROOT'S SUPPLIES |

Catalog for the Asking. z«

F. H. FftRMER, |

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. g

Up First Flight. a

A13t Please mention the Bee ournal.

•^ifi,js^ig,y!,ja,je,jfi^yi^ifi,^s,ja.ja,ja,ji^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation f^.

\A7o n-K'iranl-f^f* ^nticfjlf f inn What more can anybody do? BEAUTY,

we gudrdntee .:7ctLibi<icLiuii. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa,

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTl^a.

"Whv Hrkl^e it Cfll «f» Vl^pll? Because it has always given better satis-
W ny UUCd ll, SCII »U WClir faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslrolh on the Honey-Bee — Revfised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

1 Swarmino Season. I

•^ ^'XP' Saveyour prime swarms. They ^_

are worth many times the value ^^

of secondary swarms that issue ^;

during the middle, or late sum- ^\

mer. The rianum Swarm Catcher, ^;

as shown in the illustration, is ^;

the best for this purpose. The ^\

basket is of wire-cloth with lid, C^

and hijng so that it can not be ^;

upset while suspended in air No ^^

climbing trees to rut off limbs, ^■

torn clothing, sprained wrists, S^

etc. Shipping weight, 10 pound-. ^'.

Price, $1.10. ^

The Alley Queen and Drone- &

Trap will cage your queens at ^.

swarming-time, when you have ^•

difficulty in locating them, or ^

. where you have occasion to be ^.

absent during swarming season, w •

They are indispensable to the ^^

([ueenbreeder ior caging drones ^

to be taken to another yard, or W|

_ for disposing of undesirable ^

'/^ drones. Made in 12 and 14 inch ^
•^ length. Price, by mail, 65 cents each; by freight or express, 50 cents
r$ each; ten, $4.00.

fi A Qood Veil is a necessity even with the most gentle bees. The

• ■^ apiarist can accomplish more work; there is uo hesitancy on his part
•5 because of cross bees. Price, $1.00, postpaid. We have others at 80, 50
f^ ^o'l ''0 cents, postpaid.

:.S The clippingof queen's wings is another method for securing the prime swarms. ^

!^ For the purpose we have a small pair of scissors which we supply at ZS cents, postpaid. ^

^ See modus operandi in May 15th Gleanings in Bee-Culture. ^;

I The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio, |

X XJ. S. A. &

'X &

f^ ^^K^ ^T^i-wnnn nr ir/Miw 0. nn 144 A 146 Erie Street, S^

^ BW^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. Chicago ill., fc

^ are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send ^

.^» to them tot their free Catalog. ^^

Nat'i Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ELL. JUNE 11, 1903.

No. 24,

370

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dk.C. C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful riffhts.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary — George W, York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Managfer and Treasurer—

N. E. France, platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLlTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

^W If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing lor a beekeeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, e, cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

3 Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with g^old
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Wentiou the Bee Jonrnal I^^grSSr??...
The Novelty Pocket= Knife.

Your Name and Address on one .side — Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the i-'CLi- Size of the Knife.]

Vour Name on the Knife.— When orderlug, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty Ites in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g"lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering" into this celebrated Unite is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng"lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring"-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, "and \ou meet with a serious accident, and are so foi*
tunate as to have one of the '* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mothef
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cut gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful kmfe, as tb"" ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us i riREE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with J."*.'*).) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Be© Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,

JSTPlease alloc ••bout two weeks for vour knife order to be nliesi.

ChicagOf HI*

■1861 L

j^ERICA.^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 11, 1903,

No. 24.

Editorial Comments

Text-Books on Bee-Culture are things of exceeding impor-
tance. Beginners are sometimes puzzled to know what is meant by a
text-boolf. Well, a text-book on bee-culture is simply a book of in-
struction, telling something about bees and their habits, and giving
advice as to the care of them. The beginner who is trying to keep
bees without having a text-book, even if he has only a single colony,
is making a great mistake. None of the text-books costs much more
than a dollar, and the beginner in ignorance of the principles of bee-
keeping may easily make a mistake that will cost him a good deal
more than a dollar in a single season.

It is a serious mistake to think that for a time the beginner will
get along all right with a bee-paper, and after he has had more ex-
perience it will be time to get a text-book, or, as some call it, a bee-
book. A bee-paper comes in to supplement a text-book, not to take
the place of it. It you can have only the one, by all means get the
text-book, though no one should think of keeping up-to-date wituout
a paper also. But the text-book is the thing of first importance, and
should be faithfully studied from the first minute you come in posses-
sion of a colony of bees, or, still better, before you get any bees at all.

Second Swarms Should Be Prevented, as a rule. This
item is for beginners, and older readers can skip it. If colonies are
left to themselves, they will generally send out a second swarm, some-
times a third, and even a fifth or sixth, although the latest issues are
likely to be very small indeed. The beginner may feel pleased at the
thought of so much increase, but sooner or later his greatest desire
will be to prevent all swarms after the first, if indeed he does not
desire to prevent even the first issue.

It is not a very difficult thing to prevent after-swarms. When the
prime swarm is hived, set it on the stand of the old colony, putting
the old colony close beside it. A week later remove the old colony to
a new stand. All the field-bees from the old colony when they return
from foraging will now go straight to the old stand, joining the
swarm. That will greatly weaken the old colony, and at the same
time stop the carrying in of all nectar. Being weakened by the loss of
bees, and discouraged at the apparent cessation of the harvest, the
bees will give up all thought of further swarming, allowing all queens
to be destroyed in their cells by the first one that emerges.

Apple-Blossom Honey.— Fruit-bloom is counted of much im-
portance because it comes at a time to aid greatly in building up colo-
nies in strength for the coming harvest, but probably few have
thought of it as a source of any considerable surplus. G. M. Dqolittle,
however, has expressed the opinion that if colonies were strong enough
at the time of fruit-bloom, it might be the source of considerable sur-
plus. But a yield of 100 pounds a colony would seem surprising. J.
A. Crane says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

This county (Wayne) stands fourth in the United States as an
apple county, and we can '■ know it last fall " whether the orchards
will blossom or not this year: and also that, if the weather is favor-
able, and our bees in shape, we shall get honey.

In 19U1 I extracted from three hives (supers and brood-nest) three

times in ten days, taking from each, at each extracting, a 12-ciuart
bucketful of honey. Ripe? Yes, it weighed 12 pounds and 3 ounces
per gallon. It candied solid the next January, and was pure white —
nearly 100 pounds per colony. My whole yard averaged over .50
pounds per colony. Now, don't think I mean to say that such a crop
can be secured enri/ year ; but I h,ive had four yields of apple-blossom
honey to three of basswood, so I think it well worth working for, see-
ing that you need prepare for it only when the trees are going to
blossom full.

Now about the quality. I retail all, or nearly all, of my honey;
and when a customer has once had apple-blossom honey he will
always call for it again, although I have several other kinds — rasp-
berry, clover, basswood, and generally buckwheat.

Danger of Easy Increase.— That a colony of bees, or any
part of a colony, when left without a queen will proceed at once to
rear a queen from a worker-grub — if such a grub be present — makes it
seem a very easy matter to increase the number of colonies with great
rapidity. Therein lies a danger to beginners — a very great danger.
If a beginner has a colony with six, eight, or more frames of brood, he
thinks that all he needs to do is to put a frame of brood with adhering
bees into each of six, eight, or more hives, and, presto ! there he is,
with six, eight, or more colonies. If he acts upon that thought he
will be very sure to rue it. Let him study carefully in his text-book
some of the principles that should govern in such matters, and then
he may act with some intelligence. As a further help, some hints will
be given in these columns in the present and subsequent numbers
which it will be well for the novice to study carefully.

To Provide Ventilation When Moving Bees, a common
way is to use a screen of wire-cloth covering the entire top, a wire-
cloth screen also closing the entrance. Gleanings in Bee-Culture
gives the following ingenious way to save trouble and expense:

Instead of using an ordinary wire-cloth screen, take some pieces
of one-piece section, 's-inch thick, and lay one piece at each of the
four corners, on top of the hive-body. The cover is now set on top,
and, as will be seen, there will be a '..-inch crack on the sides, front,
and rear, between the cover and the body, and just narrow enough to
exclude bees. The knee is now placed on the cover, when a crate-
staple is driven in, spanning the body and cover just opposite or near
one of these section-pieces. With wire-cloth nailed over the entrance,
and the cover secured ie.-inch above the bive-bodies, we get sufficient
ventilation, even on hot days, if the bees are not to be moved more ,
than about two or three miles. But I would not move during the heat
of the day. Let it be in the morning or evening.

Still easier, and perhaps just as good, is the plan of having a bot-
tom-board two inches deep. The wire-cloth at the entrance is then
large enough to give sufficient '•entilation without any ventilation at
the top.

Control of Fertilization Xot an Unmixed Good.— In

our chagrin at the thought of failure to be able to control fertilization,
one item may give us a crumb of comfort. It we were able to select
the individual drone to meet a certain queen, it would v«i^likely be
in most cases at a distinct loss. To a certain extent it is well to have
the selection in the hands of the beekeeper. He can suppress the
rearing of drones in all but those colonies which have shown them-
selves superior. This he should do. although in most cases heavily
handicapped by the fact th:it he bus no control of the drones in neigh-
boring colonies.

Having thus made a selection by suppression, is he competent to
make the further selection of the individual drone; He can judge
only by the looks. Can he tell by looking at two drones which is the

372

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

more active? which has the greater wing-power? It is perhaps fortu-
nate that this selection is left to Nature, anij that in the race after the
queen in the upper air the feebler drones drop out of the race one
after another, and finally the fittest— the one with the best wind and
wing — remains as the successful suitor.

It the man can select the colonies in which drones are to be reared,
is it really desirable that he should have any further control in the
■ matter of selection?

How to Hold a Bee-Smoker.— "To my notion," says Edi-
tor Root, " there is only one way the thumb should be on the

side of the bellows next to the stove. This lets the hand hang in the
natural position without any twist at the wrist." It would be interest-
ing to know how many have notions exactly the opposite.

Dividing a Colony into two equal parts and allowing the
queenless part to rear its own queen is a plan that generally suggests
itself to a beginner. The following, which has just been received, is
a type of a good many questions sure to occur at this time of the year :

" Can I divide a colony of bees and put half the frames in a new
hive? Would they rear a queen of their own if thej' had brood? and
would I better put the queen in the new or the old hive?"

The plan as suggested may succeed altera fashion, but it is hardly
the most advisable plan. It is, however, so easily carried out, that in
spite of its disadvantages it will probably be more or less practiced.
By a little added work, the plan may be greatly improved. Put half
the frames with adhering bees and the queen in the new hive. Three
or four days later, without opening the hive, make the two hives ex-
change places. The result will be better than to leave the queen
permanently in either place.

Association Notes

Mr. a. 1. Root and Dr. Miller expect to travel together from
Chicago to the Los Angeles convention. So there will be at least
" two boys" at the great meeting.

Poisoning Bees. — General Manager France reports that a Wis-
consin bee-keeper, on May 10, seeing that his neighbors' bees were
robbing his colonies, closed his hives and exposed some honey mixed
thick with Paris green. The result was that several apiariefe were
badly poisoned, and possibly other serious troubles. Mr. France was
to settle the case June 2.

Over in Canada, a noted case has been won by the National —
damages from bees. We have not as yet learned the particulars.
There should be more members of the National in Canada. And then
there should be a member of the Board of Directors over there. We
are in favor of having the next vacancy in the Board filled by some
good Canadian bee-keeper.

The Santa Fe Route will be the one over which the majority of
bee-keepers of the East will travel to Los Angeles. We are hoping to
get together a large party of bee-keepers to start from Chicago over
that route, and stop off one day at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado
Biver in Arizona. Doubtless there will be a number of other bee-
keepers who will join the party all along the way, so that by the time
Arizona is reached it should be a large company. We will give full
particulars later as to time of leaving Chicago, etc.

The National Bee-Keepers' Convention, as all bee-keepers
iknow who read the bee-papers, is to meet in Los Angeles, Calif., Aug.
IS, 19 and 30 ne.'ct. The meeting will be held in Blanchard's Music
Hall, -'33 South Broadway. Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck, President of the
California National Honey-Producers' Association, has in charge the
local arrangements, and writes us that it will be less dilfioult to
make provision in the way of hotel accommodations in Los Angeles
than any other place that could be found. He says they have so
many large rooming houses scattered all over the city, that thousands
'who go there every season are well provided for ; and it seems to be

the rule for people to hire rooms and take their meals out, so that
rooms in any quantity can always be had. and meals from 15 cents up
to any price one may wish to pay. But a good meal can be had for 25
cents. Mr. Brodbeck says that the matter of lodging and meals will
eventually be handled by a hotel committee, so that accommodations
will be secured for every one who goes to the convention.

Mr. Brodbeck also writes that we can put them down for a
" California Welcome " on the first evening of the convention, which
is Tuesday, Aug. 18, in Blanchard's Music Hall, which Mr. Brodbeck
says is an ideal one for holding meetings.

We trust that every bee-keeper who can possibly arrange to be
present will attend this convention. Being held in the great honey
State of California, and also in a part of the country which every one
who has not yet visited it should desire so much to see, it seems to us
that the temptation to go will be so great that it can not be resisted.
On account of the exceedingly low railroad rates in August, we be-
lieve there will be a great representation from the East. Of course,
the Western bee-keepers will simply swarm to Los Angeles. We
should not be surprised if it would be the most largely attended con-
vention the National has ever held. We hope it will be. Mr. Brod-
beck writes that ever}' one says, " I am coming."

Hon. H. W. Austin, whose portrait is presented herewith, is one
of the new members of the Illinois Legislature, and was perhaps the
one most instrumental in securing for
bee-keepers the new law, which we
published on page 308, and to which
we have referred several times in
these columns recently. Mr. Austin
is a resident of Oak Park, oue of the
finest and most delightful residence
suburbs of Chicago. His fidelity to
the bee-keeping interests of this State,
as well as his successful efforts in be-
half of its bee-keepers, will be appre-
ciated by all.

We are pleased to present to our
readers Mr. Austin's picture, as well
as an expression of appreciation of his
services. He will have the satisfaction
of knowing that he not only did his
full duty, but invested his efforts in a
cause which was entirely worthy, and
well deserved the law which was secured through his efforts and
that of others.

HON.

AUSTIN.

Niscelianeous Items

J

Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan's Return to England is noted in the
British Bee Journal for May 31, he having arrived with his wife on
May 14. It had been about five years since they left England for
California, where they have lived ever since. Several weeks ago we
mentioned the fact of their returning to England, and that upon leav-
ing their California home a grand demonstration was given in their
honor. Mr. Cowan is Chairman of the British Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and has been ever since its organization. A very cordial recep-
tion was given him by the Association upon his return. All our read-
ers will be pleased to learn of the safe voyage of Mr. and Mrs. Cowan
to their homeland; but if they are not careful, the United States will
be considered as their " homeland," although the British Bee Journal
says it knows that Mr. and Mrs. Cowau will never cease to regard
England as their " home," wherever they may be.

Mr. N. E. France, of Wisconsin, reports that the upland bass-
wood timber has very little blossom buds this season, but that in the
valleys it is better. On May 30 Mr. France received his reappointment
as State Inspector of Apiaries for two years, under the new law,
which grants -^"00 per year, including expenses. Mr. France expected
to start out on his official duties June 1.

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

373

[ Convention ProceeclinSs|

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pape 2''3.1
SECOND DAY— Morning Session.
The convention was called to order by Pres. York, at
9:30 o'clock.

The first number on the program was the following
address by Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, on

COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION AMONG BEE-KEEPERS

Nothing is truer than the fact that times and conditions
change. Regarding the conditions and peoples of this con-
tinent in ages past, we have little else than conjecture ; but
so far as the present race is concerned there came, first, dis-
covery, then settlement — the clearing away of the forests
and the building of homes. Nearly all that was accom-
plished was the result of individual eflfort ; and mainly with
the bare hands unaided by machinery. Next came labor-
saving machinery, and the beginning of organization in the
shape of factories. At first there was much opposition to
machines — they robbed men of an opportunity to labor.
But then, as now, opposition to progress is useless.

The wagon-maker who made wagons by hand, sawing
out the felloes, and shaving out the spokes, found it simply
impossible to compete with the factory with its system of
specialty, organization and machinery. The individual
wagon-makers may have protested against organization,
just as some of us now protest against the great organiza-
tions called " Trusts," and it is probably true that it incon-
venienced them temporarily, and caused them to seek other
employment, but the great mass of people who use wagons
were benefited ; and so were the individual wagon-makers
benefited by this same process being introduced into the
production of nearly everything they were compelled to buy.

This country has now reached what might be called the
age of organization, and the industry that fails to catch the
spirit of the times, and act accordingly, will eventually find
itself in the position of the man who would now attempt to
make wagons by hand. Organization begets organization,
in fact, compels it. When the mine owners organize, the
laborers must do likewise or be crushed. There is more
than one industry in this country that would have been
crushed out of existence had not the men who were engaged
in it organized.

The best illustration of which I ever heard regarding
the efi'ect and value of organization was the act of an old
man whose large family of boys failed to live and work in
harmony. He gathered up a handful of sticks equal in
number to his number of boys, and tying them up in a
bundle gathered the boys in a group, and said he would like
to know if he had a son strong enough to break the bundle
of sticks. Each in his turn put the bundle over his knee,
and strained with all his might to break the united strength
of the sticks. All to no purpose. The father then untied
the bundle, and handed a stick to each boy, saying : " Let's
see if any of you are stout enough to break one stick." One
contemptuous jerk of the stick across his knee was the em-
phatic answer of each boy.

It is not necessary to repeat the sermon that the old
man proceeded to preach to his sons, but it is well that we
take the lesson to heart.

As we are now selling our product we are competing
one with another. We don't exhibit the business sense of
even that despised class of people—the saloon-keepers.
They never cut prices. With them, so I have read and have
been told, the price of a glass of beer is always 5 cents.
With us the price of a pound of honey is that at which our
poorest or most unfortunate member is compelled to sell, as
he must have the money.

I doubt if there is a bee-keeper in this country — one who

has given the matter serious thought — who does not believe
that the time has come for National commercial organiza-
tion. It seems as though it were time wasted to discuss its
desirability — that we are ready to talk about the how. On
this point we should gather wisdom from the past. How
have other organizations been born, grown, and brought
up? Most of the great industrial organizations have re-
sulted from the amalgamation of smaller organizations;
and they in their turn were made up of individuals. First,
there was the individual wagon-maker, then the individual
factory, so to speak, then organization of the factories into
one immense combination or trust.

Such organizations of life insurance companies begin
with a strong central office from which agents or organizers
are sent out to establish branches. One method is that of
gathering together small organizations, and uniting them
under one great head ; the other is the opposite — that of a
central society spreading out and starting branches.

Which plan is the most feasible for bee-keepers ? Col-
orado has an organization. California is working to estab-
lish one. Canada has in contemplation a similar move.
Shall California and Canada succeed, and New York and
Texas follow suit, and then shall these already successful
organizations be united, or shall some strong central society
like our present National Association, reach out and estab-
lish branches ?

Right here it might be well to say that our National
Association, as now organized, is not fitted to take up the
commercial feature of organization, but its influence and
machinery can be used to assist in the starting and foster-
ing of a commercial branch or organization.

Some have opposed organization on the ground that it
would be a trust. If it is an " organization " or an " ex-
change," it is all right, but they want nothing to do with a
trust. Let us not be deceived by a jugglery with names.
An organization, or an exchange, or a trust — it matters not
what it is called — is a combination, or joining together of
individuals, or firms, as corporations, for the benefit of its
members. It is not necessary, nor desirable, that such
benefit shall work hardships or injuries to the public. It
may lessen cost of supplies, prevent the lowering of prices
from forced sales by poor men, save freight charges by
gathering car-load lots, and prevent gluts by means of sta-
tistics and proper distribution. It can do all this without
raising the retail price of honey.

The great question at present is : "How shall we do
it ?" Let us discuss it. W. Z. Hutchinson.

Pres. York — The paper is now before us for discus-
sion— "Commercial Organization Among Bee-Keepers."
What have we to say ? This matter was touched on in the
President's address yesterday, so it may as well be discussed
this morning. Has any one any questions to ask, or any-
thing to say on this subject ?

Dr. Miller — Mr. Hutchinson spent a great deal of time
going over the ground to try to make us believe that or- '
ganization was a good thing, a desirable thing, and then
he wound up at that part in saying that there was no use in
wasting time doing just what he had been doing, and I feel
a good deal of force in that, and at the same time I think it
the part of wisdom, for we haven't as a body of bee-keepers
gotten right down to having that fact put right down in our
minds, that what we need is organization. The first thing
is a demand for the thing before you get it, and he has
helped some little in making that demand, and then he
wound up just in the right place by saying that we don't
know just how we are going to do it. No, I don't know
how. Some of you that do, tell us.

Mr. Hutchinson — My idea is, that we will have to form
a stock company and limit the shares to the number of colo-
nies each individual owns. Form a large stock company
and then have somebody handle the honey for us so as to
get an equal price for our goods. Of course, money has to
be on hand in order to do business. We can't do business
without money. We would have to have shares of stock
and get money in hand, and then get some good man.

A Member— We have bees here in Chicago. Mr. York
has built up a great business in honey here. We have
opposition here. I was out here a couple of months ago
trying to sell honey, and I noticed he had some beautiful
honey which he had raised from the bottom of the car into
the wagon. It was his own honey— " York's Honey " — and
selling all the way from 18 to 21 cents a section. It is beau-
tiful honey, of course. Now, of course, the middle men, on
an average, get the biggest profit. Sell to a commission

374

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

house— I hayen't done it— but I hear from others that they
don't get very good returns.

Dr. Miller — I believe in England that a stock company
plan was tried. It didn't work first-rate. Perhaps the
"locality" wasn't suited for it ! It is possible, I think, in one
of the West India Islands doing something of that kind,
and, perhaps, making a better success of it.

Pres. York — I think those in the honey-business in
Chicago are willing to go into it. You can get rid of York
all right, if you want to.

Mr. Niver — I can say on that point, that the Honey
Exchange would sell its honey to Mr. York. He would be
the second man, not the first, and we would want to sell our
honey to him. He has a method of working, and he has
got to be paid for his work. He is practically a retailer — he
is selling in smaller quantities than the Exchange would
care to sell, and he won't be a competitor, but a customer,
so that we would all get the same price for our honey. Here
is the reply to that : You can't do it. There are four sec-
tions of honey. If honey was all alike, like pig-iron, you
could get the same price, and there is the greatest difficulty.
If we can teach the bee-keepers to get all fine honey, and
make the bees and honey-flow to come at the same time,
and get all one kind of honey— Mr. Baldridge said was it
white or was it dark, he didn't care whether half filled or
bulged out, if it was white. That's the only point he cared
anything about. That's the only point Western people see
or know. It isn't so in the East, but if we can get our sup-
plies so we can produce honey practically alike in shape,
then we can commence to talk about color. There is the
greatest difficulty. We can't all of us get honey in shape
as fine as some others, because we haven't the locality to do
it in— the flowers that produce the same quality of honey —
and then we are not all of us just as good as some others.
There is Mr. Crane's honey, just flush with the edge of the
section. This section here comes always bulged to the edge.
Unless these sections are handled very carefully they will
be broken, and there is going to be our greatest difficulty in
our Exchange. If we have a Central Exchange, and every-
body that belongs to it ships their honey there, one man
with a fine lot of honey will put it through and he will get
a cent or two a pound more than his neighbor in the same
Exchange. He won't like that. What can we do about
that ? This honey is worth that much more because it is in
that much finer shape. I think that is the thing that we
are going to stumble on more than any other one thing.

Mr. Clarke— I think we could obviate that by the mark
of the bee-keeper on the case, even though not on the boxes,
and I think the Association would, of course, naturally have
a better demand for those bee-keepers' honey who did at-
tend to their business, case their honey properly, put it up
uniformly, and I think that would obviate that one trouble.
The man who is shipping in his honey in an improper way,
both in casing and mixing, naturally his honey would stay
on the market longer, and it would naturally cause a de-
mand for the best honey, and the Association and buyers
would prefer his honey to that of the man who didn't at-
tend to his business.

(Continuec^ next week.)

Contributed Articles

Forced or Artificial Swarming.

BY C. DAVBNPORT.

I NOTICE that of late there is considerable interest in
shook, brushed, or what is in my opinion, more properly

speaking, artificial swarming. I think it was 8 or 9 years
ago that I stated in this journal how I practiced artificial
swarming by removing all the brood ; and that this was the
only method that would stop natural swarming, if the
swarming fever had been contracted ; or in other words, if
a colony had started queen-cells with the intention of
swarming. In such cases I found that if a single comb of
brood was left, that they would often swarm just as soon as
they could construct or start new cells.

I had practiced artificial swarming for some years be-
fore mentioning the matter in print, and, each year since, I
have artificially " swarmed " from one to two hundred colo-

nies. I state this simply that it will be known that I have
had a good deal of experience in the matter, and this
method, that I have practiced so many years, is practical
and identically the same so far as results are concerned as
the brushed or shook method that is attracting attention of
late. For, of course, it can make no difference, so far as
results are concerned, whether the bees are shook, brushed
or jarred off the combs. There are, however, a good many
things about this method, and perhaps I should say about
any method, of artificial swarming that do make a very big
difference in results so far as the crop is concerned, and if
there is anything about our pursuit that requires skill and
judgment, as well as a thorough understanding of one's
locality in respect to the time and length of its honey-flow,
it is artificial swarming practiced in such a way that as
good a crop will be secured as would be had if natural
swarming were allowed.

One that practices artificial swarming should thoroughly
understand queen-rearing, for, with artificial swarming
artificial queen-rearing must be practiced; and unless good
queens are reared, the apiary will very soon degenerate. I
know that as many have described the method in print the
whole matter of artificial swarming is so simple that it may
be successfully practiced by a novice. But one who has had
a large, actual and long-extended experience in the matter
can see by reading between the lines of much that has been
written on this subject, that the writers have had but
limited experience in the matter. In saying this I do not
wish to be understood as questioning the veracity of any
one who has written about this. What I mean is, that they
might practice the same method the next season with en-
tirely different results.

I am also aware of the fact that many who have had a
large experience in the matter have given us much that is
of great value on the subject. I would like, though, to call
attention to the very important fact that in this matter of
artificial swarming, locality is one of, if not the most impor-
tant, things to be considered. For instance, one prominent
writer, some time ago, in one of our journals (I do not re-
member which) advocated giving the artificial swarms full
sets of drawn combs instead of empty frames. Now, let me
briefly describe how that works in my locality :

The first surplus flow here is from white clover. This
usually commences to yield about the first of June, but, of
course, more or less according to the season. Very few
colonies swarm naturally or are strong enough to swarm
artifically until the flow from clover commences. Now,
from a great deal of experience in this matter, I know that
if a swarm, either natural or artificial, is hived on a full set
of drawn combs, that from 25 to 40 pounds of this white
clover honey will be stored in these same combs, when, if
frames with only starters are used, most of it would be in
sections.

Another thing, a swarm that is hived on drawn combs
will often swarm again when these combs are full, instead
of going to work in sections. But if empty frames are used,
and they get started to work in the supers soon after being
hived, they seldom attempt to swarm again.

When supers are placed over drawn comb it is perhaps
needless for me to say that no work will be done in the sec-
tions until the comb below is filled with either honey or
brood.

One thing I might say against drawn comb for swarms
is, that here at least, a swarm, natural or artificial, is more
apt to desert when hived on them than when empty frames
are used. There is, though, one great disadvantage about
using empty frames, and this is the matter of drone-comb.
In this locality a good deal of drone-comb, that a swarm
either natural or artificial, builds will be used to rear at
least one generation of drones in, that sattit' season ; and a
swarm that has an old or failing queen will build a good
deal more drone-comb than one with a good queen, for this
reason.

It is very important, when hiving on empty frames, to
have strong, vigorous queens. I have found that here it
doesn't pay artificially to swarm a colony until they make
preparation to swarm naturally, no matter how strong they
may be. But if they are to be swarmed artificially, the
sooner it is done after they begin to construct cells the bet-
ter. If they are not swarmed until they are about ready to
swarm naturally, especially if they have one or more sealed
cells, they are, after being swarmed, almost certain to
swarm out or desert the hive the next day, even if a frame
of brood is left them. On the other hand, if they are
swarmed before they begin to start cells, it seems to discour-
age them, or at least they do not work with as much vigor
as they would if swarmed later.

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

375

I notice that great stress is laid upon the matter of get-
ting all the bees to fill themselves thoroughly with honey
at the time the swarm is made. But this makes no differ-
ence whatever so far as their staying in the hives or the
way they work. In fact, with me they seem less inclined
to desert the hive the next day if they are not made to fill
themselves thoroughly when swarmed. This deserting of
the hives the next day is one of the greatest drawbacks to
artificial swarming I have to contend with.

If I get time, and the Editor will allow me space, there
is more about artificial swarming that I should like to say.
Southern Minnesota.

[The Editor says he will be glad to allow Mr. Davenport
all the space he will have time to fill. — Editor.]

Organization Among California Honey-
Producers.

BY HON. J. M. HAMBAUGH.

TO be sure, we are away out here to the extreme limit of
Uncle Sam's domain, upon the far-away Sunny Slope
of the great Pacific ; where lofty mountains crested
with snow pierce the azure dome, and valleys that are redo-
lent with sense-beguiling roses and semi-tropical plants
every day in the year; where the rugged, chaotic mountains
defy Civilization's plow-share ; where the coyotes howl and
the wild eagles shriek in their somber and secure retreats.
It is in these remote, isolated places that the wide-awake
and intelligent bee-keepers have penetrated, and that
against many and divers obstacles. They have secured nec-
tar in quantity and quality that has attracted the eyes of
the nations. The name of the California honey has gone |
abroad in the land, and her water-white sage honey has
tickled the palate and adorned the tables of the potentates
of the world.

Every Californian should be proud of the name and
fame of her California honey, and while our sturdy pioneers
have been busy studying modes and methods whereby they
could secure quantities, and that put up in packages to meet
the demands of the markets and the times, there has been
another class of people eagerly putting into operation meth-
ods and influences whereby they might secure the product
of these toilers at the very lowest possible figures, for specu-
lation or gambling purposes. In this race it has not been a
case of the bulls and the bears.

The honey-producers in their environments, with but
little machinery at hand, and that very slow-going, have
been at the mercy of the bears, and have simply been
fleeced, often being compelled to take less for their honey
than the most of their production. And the worst feature
of the business has been the grinding tendency to the
smaller producer — he is the most needy, has, by the nature
of circumstances, been ground the closest, while the large
producers — and especially those who produced honey in car-
load lots — could secure better price. These and divers other
causes, to say nothing of the " fad of the times," has na-
turally enough brought about the idea of co-operation.
Quite a number of methods have been presented, but it
seems that the work was being reserved for those princes of
good fellows — Messrs. Geo. W. Brodbeck and George L,.
Emerson — to start the ball rolling among us in earnest.

A meeting of the bee-keepers for the purpose of organ-
ization was advertised for Jan. 19, at Escondido, with
Messrs. Brodbeck and Emerson to be in attendance. Their
plans and methods were clearly presented, which were in
part as follows :

1st. "In union there is strength."

2d. By joining together, freight-rates, supplies, and
other expenses, are reduced to a minimum.

3d. By marking and sealing our honey we guarantee
its purity, thus preventing the possibility of adulteration.
The guarantee of purity will increase the demand.

4th. The establishment of uniform prices and grades
will prevent individual competition and the consequent de-
pression in prices.

5th. The combination of the small producer with the
large one gives strength to the former and removes him
from the clutches of the speculator.

6th. The entire management will be in hands of bee-
keepers, with no other interests involved, assuring equal
benefits to all. Facilities for storage will be provided. All
honey will be graded and sealed by an official grader.

7th. Members will be permitted to retail in less than

car-load lots. Advances will also be made on consignments
if desired.

They also read the Bylaws of the California National
Honey-Producers' Association, giving a clear analysis of
the work from start to finish. When an opportunity was
given for the bee-keepers to take stock and seek shelter
under its banners, there seemed to be an almost unanimous
sentiment in their favor, and Pres. Brodbeck and Sec.
Emerson left Escondido with every feeling of encourage-
ment and belief that their work is a sure go.

The bee-keepers of Escondido have come up almost as
one voice, and taken stock, and we want to see this example
followed all over our State. It is time we were " getting
into the band-wagon." If not, brother bee-keeper, you can
depend on a continuation of past experience, and even
worse. San Diego Co., Calif.

Rearing Queens Over an Excluder.

BV HKNRY AT.LBV.

MR. DOOLITTLE, in his "No. 2," on page 295, contin-
ues to assert strongly that good queens are produced
in colonies having a fertile queen. This, he says, can
either be done over an excluder or by putting a division-
board in the body of the hive, shutting the queen from the
cells the bees are working on rearing queens. The success
of this plan depends on several conditions. One condition
is a good flow of honey when the bees have the swarming-
fever ; another condition is, when bees are about to super-
sede an old queen. Under the above conditions fairly good
queens can be reared in a colony having a fertile queen.

Now, if one tries to rear queens in the above way after
the honey harvest is over, or in the spring before the har-
vest commences, only inferior queens will be produced. As
the honey harvest or flow is on but a few weeks some plan
must be used to produce queens equally as good as are reared
at the season of swarming. I assert, in the strongest terms,
that neither Mr. Doolittle, nor any other bee-keeper in the
world, can rear good queens in a colony that has a queen.
I have tried this experiment the last 40 years in one hundred
different ways. I had success only when the bees were
gathering honey, or in cases where an old queen was about
to be superseded. But in none of the cases I have tested
could I get queens equal to those reared by bees just made
queenless. Bees that have been queenless a long time will
not rear good queens. Such bees come under the head of
old bees.

One of my experiments was to cover a frame with ex-
cluder zinc, anti place cell-cups within, so that the queen in
the colony could not destroy them. The results was good
queens so long as there was any honey in the fields. The
results of rearing queens by queenless bees is so satisfactory
at all times that I use the system in preference to any other.
I can always get good queens in this way, but by the pro-
cess of rearing them in a hive above an excluder, or in the
brood-nest on one side of an excluder, the results are very
unsatisfactory. Why, 'tis natural for bees to rear queens
when they have no queens; but very unnatural to rear them,
except at swarming time, when there is a queen in the hive.
Let those who contemplate rearing queens the present sea-
son, try the queenless bee-plan, as well as above the ex-
cluder. I'll stake my reputation on the results. All who
try it will report good queens.

Mr. Doolittle and I do not differ greatly on cell-cups.
He thinks it is much easier to rear queens by making cell-
cups and transferring larva:-. I think it much easier, in my
case, to have the bees make their own cell-cups — a thing
they readily do.

Mr. Doolittle thinks, in fact he says, the queen cells
made as I have them made, are " so fragile that the greatest
care must be used in handling." 'Tis not so, Mr. Doolittle;
you make a wrong statement. The cells built as I com-
pel bees to construct them are heavily waxed, and can be
handled roughly and thrown about the same as peanuts.
Just the contrary to what you say, Mr. Doolittle, is a fact.

" Hundreds and thousands of bee-keepers have proven
that bees behind or over an queen-excluding division-board
are brought under the right conditions to rear perfect
queens, etc." All I can say in reply is, that hundreds and
thousands of bee-keepers do not understand the right condi-
tions for the production of perfect queen-bees. By the way,
I do not believe thousands, nor even /iiindreds, of bee-keep-
ers have ever tested the plan in any way.

There is no man in the world who can rear three good
queens out of one hundred above or behind a queen-excluder

376

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

device, except at swarming-time. 'Tis contrary to Nature,
in every respect.

A hen when she is brooding, will "set" and bring forth
a fine lot of chicks. Try the old hen when not brooding
and see how many chicks you can get. She will " set "
standing up, as the Irishman said his hen did. Bees are
broody, and ready to rear queens when they have become
queenless, or are about to swarm. You can't make them
rear a decent queen under any other circumstances or con-
ditions.

The virtue is not in cell-cups, it's not in old bees, nor is
it in anything else but the desire for a queen. That's
where the virtue lies. Then if the conditions are all right,
you'll get some good queens, Yes, Mr. Doolittle, heat,
food, plenty bees of the right age, are the essential things
needed in the production of good queens.

Mr. Doolittle was not the inventor of rearing queens
above an excluder, even though it is in " Scientific Queen-
Rearing." Dr. Tinker and myself got there as soon as any
one. But I do claim that I am the first person to condemn
the entire system. I tested the system to my entire satis-
faction, and when I found it was all wrong I discarded it,
and advised the public not to use it.

I used it one year through swarming time and had fine
success. I had an idea that I would keep it the success all
through the season by extracting, feeding liberally, and
keeping the top hive well stocked with brood from the queen
below. But I failed. The first lot of queen-cells built after
the honey-flow closed were as fine, large cells as I ever saw.
I thought the top-story system the most wonderful thing
ever devised. When those fine cells began to hatch, the
queens that came from them were no larger than common
working bees. I at once discovered that I had lost about
one month's time right in the height of the busy queen-sea-
son. I ha'd no queen I could send out for nearly a month.
I had to change my whole system of rearing queens, and
went back to the queenless-bees method.

Here is another point that will give color to my claim,
as showing the difference between the methods of rearing
queens : When I first began to rear queens in top stories
above an excluder, I had an idea that as soon as the cells
were capped a swarm would issue, just the same as in natural
swarming. Well, why not swarm as they always do, if
they have reared such perfect queens in such a natural way ?
The fact is, the bees had no interest or heart in rearing such
queens. They were unnatural queens, and that is why no
swarm issued.

On the other hand, when I have taken brood from below
and placed it in the top hive at the time cell-cups were given
the bees to complete, the bee occasionally would start cells
on the brood given them, and just as soon as the natural
cells were capped a swarm would issue. Bear in mind that
the cell-cups given the bees were capped several days before
the natural cells were completed.

When any one compares my method of queen-rearing
with his own, I earnestly desire to be quoted correctly, and
I will take the consequences. Don't tell the readers of any
paper that queen-cells built as I have them built are fragile.
This is only a sample of how I am misquoted and misrepre-
sented. Sing your own praises as much as you like, but
don't do it at my expense. That's decidedly wrong. I am
continually compelled to reply to people who persist in mis-
quoting me, merely to boost up their own pet theories.

In an article I sent to a bee-paper on rearing queens
over an excluder, I was told by the editor that Mr. Doolittle
reared no queens in that way. If he does not, why on earth
does he advise other people to do it ?

I am of the opinion that Mr. Doolittle rears very few
queens above or behind an excluder. He well knows that
queenless bees do a much better job.

Disprove the fact that I cannot rear better queens by
queenless bees than any one can rear above an excluder
while there is a queen in the colony.

In all books I have written on the subject of queen-rear-
ing, I am quite sure I have, in all cases, stated that queen-
less bees rear the most perfect queens; and it is the most
natural way to rear queens, except when a colony swarms.

Essex Co., Mass.

Amerlkanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound ia cloth. Price, postpaid, fl.OO ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Busy with Her Bees — Asking- Questions.

I received your letter just as I was hiving a swarm of
unruly bees. I got most of them off the tree into the hive,
when the rest suddenly left and went home again. The
ones that went into the hive are there yet, and seem to be
contented with their new home.

I think " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters " department a great
improvement to the Bee Journal, and I hope it will be en-
couraged more. I think we women-folks will feel more like
telling our successes and troubles if we have a department
of our own, and also help others along. I have often wanted
to ask a question, but thought probably it wouldn't be worth
answering. I think we can make this department very in-
teresting and useful, if each one tries to do her best, and
help. I will try to do my share. I will write later about
myself and bees. I am quite busy with them just at pres-
ent, as it is swarming-time. Ethei, M. Burdette.

Hunterdon Co., N. J., May 21.

Please get over the foolish notion that your questions
are not worth answering. Where would our department be
if every one felt that way ? If each one waited for some
one else, no questions would be asked at all. The answer to
a question that you may think " not worth answering " will
likely be of service to a number of others besides yourself.
A good motto is, "If you don't see what you want, ask
for it." ■__

It Pays to Keep a Few Bees.

I have had my bees about six years, and will say, for
the few colonies I keep, that it pays to keep bees. I have
only 5 colonies now, as that is as many as I can care for
and do my other work, although I have had from 12 to 15
at a time, and have sold them. I find the work pleasant
and profitable, and shall always try to keep a few bees. All
I know about bees I learned in the American Bee Journal,
and I have lost but 2 colonies. Mrs. R. T.\rbox.

Ford Co., Kans., May IS.

Transferring- Bees from Box-Hives.

L,ast year I had 15 colonies of bees given me in box-
hives. As I knew nothing of their ways, and as they had
plenty of stores and bees, I let them all winter in the box-
hives, while I tried to learn all I could in my "ABC of
Bee-Culture" and the American Bee Journal ; and last but
by no means least, from any " live " bee-keepers I met.

My bees wintered very well. I have lost only one col-
ony, but their hives are all shapes and sizes, and the comb
like huge sponges, so that I can not handle them in any
way. I, therefore, bought new hives — dovetailed, with
Hoffman frames — put in full sheets of foundation, and pro-
ceeded to transfer on the Heddon short method.

It is full fruit-bloom, and the bees have 36 acres of or-
chard to themselves (80 trees to an acre), so I thought the
time good. Last Thursday, with the help of a hired-man, I
transferred one colony, and I know I got the queen in. We
both saw her, and I put her in myself on a bit of alfalfa.
The next day, when I went to look at the hive, the queen
and nearly all the bees were gone ; about 50 young bees
were huddled miserably together at the bottom of the hive,
and there were a lot of dead bees around the next stand. I
then put the old hive back on the old stand, hoping some
might return, but the bees left were too weak to protect
themselves, and, alas 1 robbers got in instead. I was at my
wits' end to know what to do with them, when, fortunately,
my last Bee Journal came that day, and I took the advice
given " Nebraska," and put the weak colony over a good,
strong one, and they seem all right so far ; for which accept
my thanks.

Now, will you kindly tell me —

1. Why do you think the bees left the hive? Of course,
I don't like to lose the bees, anyway, but I dislike more to

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

377

think that in some way my stupid human blundering cost a
really whole, busy, happ3' colony their lives.

2. What am I to do with the others, for I must transfer
somehow ?

3. Do you think it would be successful on the same
plan, if I waited until 21 days after swarming ? The alfalfa
will then be in bloom.

4. How many colonies of bees will 425 acres of alfalfa
support ? Here there is very little honey from wild flowers ;
first the fruit-bloom, and then alfalfa.

Delta Co., Colo., May 14. (Miss) Rebecca Hallev.

Answers. — 1. Your method of transferring- was really
making a forced swarm, and swarms will not always stay
where they are put, and it is sometimes difficult to say why.
One of the most common reasons is heat, or lack of ventila-
tion. Bees are dainty in their habits, and dislike a dirty
hive, but that could not have been the trouble in your case,
as the hive was new. Sometimes they will leave for no
apparent cause whatever.

2. Do just as you did — give plenty of ventilation, and,
if you can, give one frame of brood from some movable-
frame hive. They are not likely to desert the brood.

3. The plan is an excellent one to let the bees swarm
naturally instead of making a forced swarm. Then 21 days
later drive out all the bees.

4. I don't know, and I don't know any way that you
can find out.

Drone-Brood-

-Laying- Workers or Drone-Lay-
ing Queen.

I think the "Bee-Keeping Sisters' Department " a fine
and instructive one, indeed.

1. I have a colony of bees about which I wish to ask
your advice. The first I noticed wrong about them was
that they were not working as hard as the others. When I
examined them I found they were not very strong in bees.
That was about April 23. They haven't very much sealed
honey, or unsealed either, and I didn't see any brood except
a few cells that are pouched out a pretty good size. Isn't
that drone-brood ? The other colonies are doing well, and
will need the second super soon.

2. Is that colony queenless, or isn't the queen prolific,
or what is the trouble ?

3. If I get a new queen and introduce her, could I do it
without removing the old queen, if there is one ? or would
the new queen be killed ?

4. Can this colony, in the condition it is in, rear a new
queen ? The hive is an old one, but the frames are remov-
able. I don't think the frames have ever been removed,
and consequently they are badly stuck together. Maybe I
would not know the queen if I saw her, although I have
seen a queen-bee. Illinois.

Peoria Co., 111., May 23.

Answers. — 1. Yes, it is drone-brood, although in
worker-cells.

2. Your colony either has a drone-laying queen or lay-
ing workers.

3. The old queen must be removed before introducing a
new queen. If you get a new queen you will receive with
her instructions how to proceed. If it is laying workers
perhaps the best thing to do is to unite them with another
colony, as it is always a difficult matter to get a colony with
laying workers to accept a queen, and unless quite a colony
it may be the best thing to unite in either case.

4. No, it is in a hopeless condition.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3,'2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25

for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50: 500

for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card

printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your

rder. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

■ Old Reliable "' seen throufjli New and Unreliable
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BEES STORING— STIMULATIVE FEEDING.

Here's battle again. Returning field-bee gives the nec-
tar to first convenient hive-bee, because that's the business
of one section of the hive-bees. Don't do any such thing;
chucks it into the first empty cell, because it can do so
quicker. If this is true the bee-hunter's bees ought (at least
sometimes) to return almost immediately. The way that
thing stands in my mind is that they almost allow four or
five minutes for time spent at the tree. And quite likely
those " becauses " had better be left ofi' till the exact ob-
served facts are agreed on. And the unnatural conditions of
an observatory hive must not be allowed too much weight.
Somelimes a returning bee finds it difficult to get rid of a
load anywhere. Sometimes (I think) she finds the folks at
home rather greedy to take what is brought in — three or
four friends at once saying, "You know me!" When
honey comes in rapidly field-bees should be plenty in the
super, if the second of the above views is correct. Generally
almost entirely absent from the super, I believe.

And, Arthur C. Miller, this department thinks you are
too free with your nevers, if you say bees never give food
unless it is almost taken by force. Pretty mess of things
that would make in the winter cluster ! And when you deny
all show of respect by workers toward queens — well, you're
in for a general flight of brickbats on that point, and so
just at this time I will not throw many.

As to stimulative feeding, your conclusion, as the result
of many and various experiments, that it is always done at
a loss, is about what some of the rest of us have been con-
cluding ; but its friends are not going to surrender on call.
Page 278.

MAY CAUSE INSTEAD OF PREVENT SWARMING.

R. F. Hill's report is interesting where he says, queen
and two frames of brood below, and the rest of the brood
put above usually prevents swarming. I rather think that
sometimes it would do just the opposite thing — put the
swarming idea right into little noddles which had not en-
tertained it yet. Page 279.

WATERING BEES .AT THEIR DOORSTEP.

I'll request Mrs. Sarah Griffith to report later on as to the
extent she succeeded in getting bees to take the water she
provided at their door. The little " snipes " are inclined to
wade right through water at their door, and go off to the
old familiar watering-place, " whether-or-no." Page 280.

GREASE ON FINGERS MAY BE A GREATER ILL THAN PROPOLIS.

On page 283, A. Mottaz gives us a plump question :
Why not carry some grease along and keep our fingers
greased as a defense against propolis ? Think I tried that
so many years ago that I do not remember as clearly as I
would like. The grease and the continual fuss of putting
it on, and renewing it every time we hold to an absorbent
surface for a minute, is quite a serious nuisance of itself.
And if we do not entirely prevent the sticking it's taking
on an additional nuisance partly to abolish an old one.
And. let me see, doesn't the propolis and the grease some-
times work up together on the finger tips — work up into a
sort of paint that prints the clothes wherever fingers
thoughtlessly touch ? If so, part of us will continue to bear
the ill we have.

DOUBTFUL ON RED-CLOVER STORING.

ToGuy Hunsberger, page 284, I don't mind saying that
blacks, hybrids and Italians all of them work on red clover
at times. But as to any of them (or any particular strain
of any of them) being ready to store very much r-ed clover
honey just yet— well, I'm nicely ready to receive a whole lot
of convincing before I write it down so.

WHITE CLOVER AND BUCKWHEAT IN VERMONT.

Interesting to see that in Bennington Co., Vermont,
white clover has a steady reputation of yielding no honey.
Bees at work lively on buckwheat, and still no significant
amount of buckwheat honey in the hives— that's a common

378

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11. 1903.

experience here as well as there. But as to some of the
Vermont counties, I think they would make a fuss if you
accused them of having no white clover honey.

THE ALABAMA "HOG" VS. THE OHIO.

So the Alabama human hog' is captain and chief among
biped porcines — takes 99 cents of a "divvy" at once, and
then proposes to run a foot-race for the other cent. As you
say, I'm not pushing the claims of the Ohio hog. Let him
stand down the column half way to the foot. Page 287.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Queens Lost in Danz. Hives.

I have trouble with the Danzenbaker hive. I have two colonies in
Danz. hives. In one the queen died. They started queen-cells and
hatched out, but could find no queen, so I gave them a frame of brood
with eggs and young brood. They did not start a queen-cell from
this, so I just took them and placed them over my other Danz. hive,
thus doubling them up.

At that time hive No. 2 had a rattling good queen. Yesterday I
found some brood in the lower chamber just coming out, but there
were no eggs or young brood, and I could not find a queen. So queen
No. 2 must be dead, as well as No. 1. However, they have a sealed
queen-cell, which will be out in a day or so, and perhaps this
double colony may yet do well. I have had much trouble with queens
dying in the Danz. hive. I fear the frames are too shallow, and 1
have about come to the resolution to put no more colonies in Danz.
hives. I have 5 Danz. hives, and I propose using them as extracting
supers over a 10-frame Langstroth.

What do you think of my opinion, that the queens die because
the frames are too shallow* Certainly the queen is kept much closer
to the entrance of the hive, and fo, nearer the cold air. At present I
am sorry I bought the Danz. hives, though when I got them first I
thought them first-class, but experience shows me that they are not a
success, at least with me.

I lost queens from both Danz. hives last year. { lost a queen from
an S-frame Langstroth hive. I also pinch many bees in closing up the
frames of the Danz. hive, and may have pinched the queen in each
■case: but that seems improbable, though not impossible.

British Columbia.

Answer.— I do not at all believe that the shallowness of the
frames had anything to do with the death of the queens. If you will
compare the Danz. with a hive having deeper frames, I think you will
find that the i|ueen lays just as near the entrance in the deep frame as
in the shallow one. There is some chance that the queen might be
killed between the close-fitting frames, but it is not probable that you
would happen to kill two so close together in that way. It is possible,
indeed prolmble, that when you put hive No. 1 over hive No. 2, there
was a young queen in No. 1, even though you did not find her, and
that caused the death of the laying queen in No. 2. Then, it would be
nothing strange for the young queen to be lost on her wedding-trip.

Bee-Paralysls— Cross Bees— Dividing Colonies.

Dr. Miller, I have picked all the meat out of the nuts you cracked
for me last year. I want you to crack a few more. This time it is
paralysis. In the early spring six of my colonies began to die. They
would crawl all around the hive, some on their backs, some black anil
shiny. All had a trembling motion. All except two colonies were
not close together, having three or more colonies between. I read in
Gleanings that sulphur sprinkled all over the combs would cure it. I
tried it, and this is what happened : In about three weeks, which was
the beginning of a good honey-flow, they quit dying. Four of them
began to breed up a little. The other two had good queens; they
kept three or four combs full of eggs, but only one now and then
seemed to hatch. The ones that did hatch looked more like a pea-
worm than a bee-larvie. I removed both queens and gave them sealed
cells from full-blooded Italians. They have a lot of nice sealed brood
now. This is what I want to know :

1. Was it real paralysis?

2. Did the sulphur do any good*

3. Was it the sulphur, disease in the combs, or disease in the
queens, that kept the eggs from hatching?

4. If those colonies are not cured, when will I be likely to see
more signs of the disease *

.5. In 1901 I bought two queens from the same company. One
was tested and the other untested. Both were Carniolan. The un-
tested one is a fine layer ; her bees are very gentle, while the tested
was a poor layer; her bees are very cross. All her daughters that I
reared last year are the same. Why was it that way, do you suppose '.

(J. The tested queen and all her daughters except one, and this

one's daughter, have the paralysis. They were all that did have it.
Is there anything strange in this?

T. Is this race of bees more subject to paralysis than any other?

8. Sometimes you tell beginners that have cross colonies to kill
the queen. If they do this and the bees rear one from her eggs, won't
she be cross, too?

9. If a gentle queen is mated with one of these cross drones, won't
her bees be cross, too? I reared a queen from a full-blooded Holy
Land queen last year. She mated where there were some cross bees.
Her bees are about the meanest bees I ever saw.

10. On page 281 you told Ontario to divide his bees and put the
old queen on the old stand. Would it not be best to put her on the
new stand as most of the bees will go back to the old stand?

11. If I take a frame of brood from a colony that has pickled
brood, and give it to a healthy colony, will they take the disease, too?

Alabama.

Answers.— 1. From your description, I judge it was.
2. I don't know. I doubt it.

t). 1 don't linow. It may have been neither, I confess it is a puz-
zling case.

4. You may see signs of the disease any time, and you may not
see any more of it.

5. I don't know just why, but it is nothing unusual to find differ-
ent dispositions in the same apiary, just as among folks.

6. It is at least a striking fact, and it looks a little as if the queens
were to blame.

?. Not that I know of.

8. I think when I have advised killing the queen that I have ad-
vised giving another queen of gentler stock. Yet a queen of the same
stock would likely be an improvement, as she would meet a drone of a
different stock.

9. Yes, the progeny of a drone of cross stock ought to have at
least. part of the disposition of said drone.

10. Just because the field-bees will all go back to the old stand it
is best to have the old queen there, making that a successful colony
for storing. They ought not to waste time rearing a queen.

11. Sometimes, and sometimes not.

A Neiglibor's Bees Robbing— Buying Bees.

1. My neighbor's bees are robbing mine. What can I do to stop
them? They have almost destroyed my bees. If I can't buy them,
what can I do to get rid of them?

3. I must buy a few colonies. Where can I get them best?

- Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Any wide-awake bee will rob when it gets a chance,
and if A's bees rob C's bees, it is not A but C who is at fault. C
should not allow his colonies to be weak and unprotected. It will not
stop the robbing if you buy the robbers, unless you brimstone them.
Sometimes you can stop robbing by closing the entrance so only one
bee can pass at a time, then piling up hay or grass about the hive and
keeping it soaked with water. If a colony is queenless, it may help to
give it a queen. This is one of the cases in which an ounce of preven-
tion is better than a pound of cure, and it is well to keep all colonies
strong, and if you happen to have a weak colony keep the entrance so
small that the robbers cannot get started at robbing.

2. I don't know. It is expensive to get them from a distance on
account of heavy express charges, and you will prehaps be able, by in-
quiring, to get them close at hand. Watch the advertisements, and
you niay see something not far away. You might also succeed by ad-
vertising your wants in this journal. If obliged to get bees from a
distance, it will be less expensive to buy nuclei, and then build them
up.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook :
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it. Order from the ofBce of the American Bee Journal.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of SI. 00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year m advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to .send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

379

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

J

Honey-Flow Coming Fast.

I now have -10 colonies of bees ready for
supers. I have fed them all spring. The
honey -flow is cominff fast. G. C. Dirr.

Jasper Co., Iowa, May 2i1.

White Clover Abundant.

If the weather proves favorable we will get
honey this year, as everything is just covered
with white clover — such a crop was never
known in these parts. L. Highbarger.

Ogle Co., 111.. May 29.

Bad Spring for Bees.

This spring has been bad for bees. April
was cool and wet, and we had a snow-storm
here the 30th; and May has been but little
better. So far it has rained nearly every day,
or mostly evenings, so the bees had a chance'
to fly a little during the day, but we are be-
hind about two weeks, compared with other
seasons. I have live colonies of bees. I lost
one last winter. 1 like the American Bee
.Journal. A. E. .Tohnston.

Martin Co., Minn., May 2".

Favorable Spring for Bees.

So far this has been an unusually favorable
spring for the bees, owing, I think, mostly to
the large o.uantity of bloom on the soft maple,
together with some fine weather. A colony
on scales gained 13 pounds in three days, the
1st, 2nd, and 3rd of May. On April 15th it
<two stories; weighed 61 pounds, and on May
o, 85 pounds— a gain of 24 pounds in 111 days.
On April 3S there was brood and eggs on 9
frames — 6 above and 3 below. The queen of
that colony was one I received last summer.
I had over 30 colonies early in the spring, but
have lost several, owing to the queens being
missing.

A neighbor had a swarm on the 10th of
May, the earliest I have known here, but some
of mine would have swarmed earlier had I
confined them to one story. This has been
a rather late spring ; apple-blossom is only
just out. W. Fisher.

British Columbia, Canada, May 13.

Bee-Keepers* Rights.

My bees have built up well considering the
cold and wet spring we have had. But now
we have had no rain since April 2S, and we
need it badly. We will have no white clover
if it remains as dry as it is. I see that Mr.
France thinks that we city bee-keepers ought
to take care of ourselves. I do, too, so far as
right is concerned, but when a neighbor
strikes one of your bees and the bee stings
him, then he is ready to settle an old grudge
by going to the town council and putting in a
•complaint for damages. But he says nothing
about spraying his fruit-trees and killing my
bees. That is " a horse of a different color.''
Nor does he consider that his chickens destroy
one's garden. But a swarm of bees is a nui-
sance to ignorant people. It is one of the
best industries on this earth. I believe in
protecting bee-keepers' rights. Some ;, ears
ago I lost all of my bees through just such
business. I stood the loss myself, yet I was a
paid member of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association at the time. F. McBbide.

Hardin Co., Ohio, May IS.

A Good Honey-Flow.

The most of the bees in this part of the
country came through the winter in very
good shape. I lost only one colony by starva-
tion. I had to feed a few colonies. We had
one of the best honey-flows I ever saw. It
lasted about five weeks. There was plenty of
honey in the woods all the lime. We also
had one of the worst Aprils I ever saw. It

Tiioiisanfls 01 Hives ■ Millions ot Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shlpmetit.

We are not sellinp goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wlsconsiu, U. S. A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bee»-

paid for Beeswax. 'W El£oi^EB

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

We are tlie Largest Manufacturers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send for catalog. w^. ■ -^ ^; _ ,^^i-. -,^ ^*.

^^^»

i>\cndctva,i

Minneapolis, Minn.

We Have tHe Best Gooils, Lowest Prices, and Best SHippinp; Facilities.

Agriculture and Golden Queens

mailed promptly on receipt of $1.00 each, or
$'».C0 per dozen. While the Goldens are of the
highest type, the daug-hters of a fine breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Berg-amo, Italy, are sec-
ond to aone. Money-order office, Warrenlon.

W. H. PRIDGEN,

23A4t CREEK, Warren Co., N. C.

Please mention Bee journal when writing.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

a meet thoeewbo work for aa. Cow keepers oUaya
ISTe money. We etart yoa In buelneeH. You make
arge profit*. Eaay work. We funiiBb capital. Send
10 centa for fciJl line of eamplee and paittcularB.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., CblUKO, Ills.
Please mention Bee journal ■when writlne

To Chautauqua Lake^nd Return

at one fare for the round-trip, via
Nickel Plate Road, on June Ibth and
17th, from Chicago and intermediate
points, with return limit of June 23rd,
account of Conference of Association
of General Secretaries of Young Men's
Christian Association of North Amer-
ica, at Chautauqua Lake, June 16-22.
For full particulars, address John Y.
Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams
St., room 298, Chicago. 10— 24Alt

Please tuentlou Bee Journal
when wrltlntc Advertisers.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear asjcrystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make. „ . , „ ■»

Workinji? M-ax into Foundation tor Casli a Specialty.- Beeswax
alvfays wanted at higliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis.

Headquarters '«" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1903 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. I^ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan- Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Journal when writine

380

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

FOR THE BEST

HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUIWUAI'IOrV-

. AND ALL.

Address,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI.IES,

Please mention Bee Journal -wTien ■writiixft

Christian Scientists'

meeting in Boston, June 28th to July
1st. It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain rates applying over the Nickel
Plate Road before purchasing else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 7,1. Final return limit Aug. 1.
Call on or address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc. 'Phone Cent-
ral 2057. 7— 22A5t

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlnjE advertisers.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
(tor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

California Excursion.

Tickets on Sale Aug. 1st to 14th.

Chicago to Los Angeles or Frisco.

Only $50, round trip.

"Santa Fe all the Way"

Account National Bee-Keepers' Association
meeting in Los Angeles, Aug. 18 to 20.

Permitting stop-overs going and returning, in and west of Col-
orado, and allowing choice of any direct route for return.

Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona.

J. M. McCONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE '"l&sx&V-

Marshfleld ManBfactnrlDg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLdES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

A26t Please mention Bee Journal wtien writina

was cool and windy nearly the whole month.
A good part of the time was cloudy, too. We
had a good swarming prospect till after Easter
when it turned cold and they did not swarm
much. I have had only 4 swarms so far, as I
know. It doesn't look like swarm in g-time at
all. Even the Carniolans did not swarm much.
We may have a very good flow in a few days,
and maybe a few more swarms. Then we
will have to wait and hoi)e we will live till
next April, and that it will be a good time.
Hale Co., Ala., May 4. J. S. Patton.

Bees in Best Condition.

My bees are in the very best condition,
most of them having two sets of combs. The
prospect for a honey crop was never better.
White clover is in full bloom, the earliest
known here for years. H. C. Cltmer.

Linn Co., Iowa, May 28.

Right Kind of Weatlier Needed.

The prospect is good for lots of white clover
and basswood, if we have the right kind of
weather. Clover is just beginning to get out
enough for bees to work on, but it has been
raining most of the time, and 1 have to feed
to keep the bees from starving and losing
their brood. I now have ISO colonies, and 100
pounds of sugar is only about enough for
their supper and breakfast.

G. W. Wilson.

Richland Co., Wis., May 2S).

Bees Doing Well.

Bees are doing well in this part of the
countrj'. The fields are white with clover
blossom, and the bees are working on it
freely. I have had three swarms this week.
The first one is starting in the super. I have
the second super on some of my colonies.
The honey-locust yielded more nectar this
year than I ever noticed before.

P. H. Harbeck.

LaSalle Co., 111., May 28.

Cool and Baekward Spring.

The cool, backward spring has been hard on
bees in this locality. The hard freeze of
April 211 cut short the su]>ply of nectar from
fruit-bloom, and I had to feed some, but at
present all are doing nicely. White clover
promises a good yield. G. M. Whitford.

Washington Co., Nebr., May lU.

Bees Did Poorly this Spring.

Bees are doing poorly this spring. There
were only a few days during fruit-bloom
when they could work, and most of the hives
are entirely bare of stores: 1 have had to feed
the bees to keep them from starving. For the
last few days tliey have been working on white
clover, and if we don't get too much rain (it
is raining to-day again) the bees may build up
yet to gather surplus when sweet clover
blooms.

The American Bee Journal is the only paper
of those I subscribe for that I read from be-
ginning to end. I always find something new
and interesting. Robt. A Holekamp.

St. Louis Co., Mo., May 1".

Unfinished Sections — Wintered
Well.

I have read with interest the pros and cons
on different subjects and in regard to unfin-
ished sections. I settled that ciuestion for my-
self some years ago. Every section that does
not weigh 10 ounces I uncap and extract in
the fall. I then tier up five or six layers of
those extracted sections on some of my weak-
est colonies, and let them clean them out,
and they do it all right. 1 then pile theru
away so the mice can not get at them in the
winter.

When I put on sections I usually put the
front row of those old sections, and they are
the first filled. I then slip them out and
put in 7 new ones. I have no trouble about
getting the bees to go into the sections.

The 15th of last November I put 47 colonies.

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

381

ot bees into the cellar. I took out 45 alive,
and sold two for ?10. Three became queen-
less and dwindled away. I now have 40 good
colonies. They are getting some honey from
fruit and dandelion bloom. We will soon
have white clover. I usually tjet most ot my
honey from basswood. I lind that the way to
get honey is to have lots of bees when the
harvest comes, keep them together as much
as possible, and decapitate the drones with an
uncapping knife. I think that helps to keep
down the swarming-tever. I hived one swarm
last year. The bees weighed ii pounds. It
came the last of June, and stored 75 pounds
in sections, and is strong this spring.

I will report again after harvest.

Wm. Cleary.

Kossuth Co.. Iowa, Mav 17.

Working on White CloveF.

Bees are working on white clover, which is
in full bloom — about two weeks earlier than
usual. If there is not too much rain the
honey crop will be much larger than last year.

The American Bee Journal is a great help
to me in earing for my bees.

Geoffrey A. Hunt.

Tipton Co., Ind., May '26.

Bees in Fine Condition.

My bees are in fine condition. I never saw
bees so uniformly strong as mine are this
spring. The weather here now is all that
could be desired for an abundant harvest of
nectar. A. J. Kilgore.

Wood Co.. Ohio, May 25.

Working on CloveF.

Well, this spring was a hard one for the
bees. Frost killed all ot the maple, elm, box-
elder and peach bloom, and impaired the
apple, cherry, plum, gooseberry and pear
bloom. I had to feed the bees to keep them
alive. They are doing nicely now. They had
a tine time on the raspberry and blackberry,
and are now working on white clover, of
which there is a profuse bloom. They com-
menced work on it over a week ago.

D. C. McLeod.

Christian Co., 111., May 2S.

Loss in Wintering— Various Matters.

My bees were put into the cellar Dec. H in
pretty fair shape, but the lo,«s was heavy,
owing to not having my cellar completed.
Out of 39 colonies I have 15 left, but they are
doing well now, storing honej- from willow,
dandelion and fruit-bloom.

Some of my colonies have tive frames of
brood, which is good for this part of the
country at this time. The colonies which
seem strongest are five that have been out
since March 9.

I think a cleansing flight does a good deal
of good. All the colonies that I gave a flight
this spring were quiet when I put them back,
while before they were restless.

I notice in the "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
page 92, dandelion is said to come in bloom
just after fruit-bloom. Mr. Doolittle, in his
comments, says that in his locality it comes
iiist with fruit-bloom. In our part ot the
country it comes just before fruit-bloom, and
it seems to me it must be of importance in
early brood-rearing.

On page 92 ( 1903), in my report, the types
made me say in regard to ginseng, " It will
be marketable in from 7 to 10 years for the
seed to germinate." It should have been,
"It takes IS months for the seed to germi-
nate."

I like the looks of that money in the treas-
ury of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and I expect to be a member very soon.

It is only about 15 miles northeast of here
where A. I. Root has started his maple-sugar
plant, and feeds the " chicks " of the neigh-
borhood on "maple-cream." I hope he will
visit my apiary some day this summer, if
possible.

I think every bee-keeper should have a bee-
paper of some kind. A bee-keeper who does
not read the bee-papers Is bound to get be(e)-
hind the times. B. L. Byer.

Benzie Co., Mich., May 10.

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to pive satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in IHKS. Our stock orig-i-
nated from the best and highest-priced long--
tonf^ued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Priceof queens
before July 1st: Large select, $1; six for $5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for $8; Selected Tested,
$2 each; Breeders, $4. Two-frame Nuclei (no
queen) $2.50 each.

Special low price oa queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.1 16E13t

-"»ass mention Bee Journal -when \(rntane

O-paoe Catalog FreCt^So'Vega"!:

i(

/I ing Bee-Supplies of all kinds. Best in the
^^L market. Latest improvements. Danzen-
W baker hives kept in stock.
lOEtf JNO. NEBEL & SON. High Hill. Mo.

Fiease mention Bee Journal ■wtien ^»-TitaiLE

imigMiM CCNPCI tr^ZI'^^^^
^nunama rClluCa made, buu

tSmSK "■■''■■■ strong, Chicken-

= *^S,J TiEht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale

13C3 Prices. Fd1I7 Warranted. Catalog Free.

COHED 8PRISG FENCE CO.

I »9 Winchester, Iadlana,JC. 8. 1.

40Etf Please mention the Bee Journal

50 Colonies of Bees

FOR SALE

With Extractor and Honey-Tank.

A. BEEKEEPER,

23A2t SHELLVILLE, CALIF.

BIINGHAM'S PATENT

25Atf T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, Mich.

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .80

One Tested Queen 1.00

One Select Tested Queen. 1.25

One Breeder Queen 2.00

One - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen) 1.10

Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Loffan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Mease mention Bee Journal ■when •writine

c

Beedom Boiled Down

J

The Chicago-Northwestern.

In any business it is a good plan for the dif-
ferent men engaged in it to get together for
the purpose of talking over iteips of especial
interest, in order to become better acquainted.
This seems to be very true in the bee-busi-
ness, and can be best carried out, I believe, in
a convention where a question-box is the
principal program. Each one feels as if he
is helping the other, and certainly all feel
that they are helped.

Such a convention was the one held at Chi-
cago, in December I wish simply to

say that those who has never attended a con-
vention of this kind do not know what they
have missed. There is something to be gained
which is not found in bee-books or bee-litera-
ture of any kind. Go and find out, and re-
gret only that you never went before. — Edi-
torial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

A Kink in Making Wax-Cakes.

A lining of damp paper put inside a vessel
into which melted wax is to be poured will
prevent the wax from coming in contact with
the vessel, hence there will be nc dish to clean
up afterwards. Strange as it may seem, the
paper will also peel off readily from the cake
of wax. Neither will the cake crack while
cooling, as it is not stuck fast to the walls of
the dish. Mr. H. R. Miller, of Missouri, wrote
me about this.— Bee-Keepers' Review.

Postponing Alsike Bloom.

Generally it would be better to have alsike
bloom later than its usual time, so as to come
when white clover is waning. G. M. Doolit-
tle says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

" Alsike clover can be made to bloom very
nearly when wanted, within reasonable limits,
by turning stock on it, and letting them keep
it eaten down short until about two weeks be-
fore you wish the bloom to commence, when
it will give a good crop of blossoms and a fair
crop of hay, though the hay crop will not be
quite as large as it would if it could have had
its own way."

Four Requisites to Successful Win-
tering.

Given a box through which no drafts can
pass (no upward or lateral ventilation), a
plentiful supply of honey to burn, plenty of
bees to burn it, plenty of o.xygen to burn it
with, and you have a formula which spells
Success. — A. C. Miller, in Bee-Keepers'
Review.

Best Conditions for Queen-Rearing.

Arhtur C. Miller discusses the matter in
the American Bee-Keeper in his usual vigor-
ous style, putting special emphasis upon the
matter of humidity, to which probably most
of us have never given a thought. It is well
known that the right amount of moisture
makes all the difference between success
and failure in hatching out a clutch of eggs;
why should it not make a difference with re-
gard to bees' eggs ! Mr. Miller says :

I believe it is generally conceded that the
best queens are ordinarily reared at that sea-
son of the year when increase (swarming)
usually occurs, and certainly they are more
easily reared then. There must be a reason
for this, and if we can find it, it will materi-
ally assist us in so shaping our methods when
rearing iiueens "out of season'" as most
nearly to approach the normal conditions. At
" swarming time " colonies are overflowing
with bees: young bees (nurses) are super-
abundant ; combs are loaded with stores of
honey and pollen ; fleld-bees are busy bring-

382

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we car
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by f reighi
or express, at the following prices, cash witk
the order:

sns lOBs 2Sni 50ft
Sweet Clover (white)....* .75 $1.40 J3.25 J6 00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.S0

Alsilce Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover l.SO 2 80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1 00 1.80 4.25 8 ,00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound S cents more than the S-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street. • CHICAGO, ILIi

Very best ot
goods, lar-
_ _ gest stock in

Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE
and get our

Special Prices.

'^free"^ C. M. SCOTT & CO..

Bee=Supplies

49A26t

1004 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

JUST A LITTLE

more money will \ni\ Pase Fence, a fence that fence.^

ALL the strick ALLthe time. Cataliig free.

FAtiK HOVK.N rtlKK KENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH.

The Danz. Bive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. 1. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswa.x wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON,

10A17t BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal wtien \mting.

BOYS

WE WAKT WORKERS

Boys, GlrlH, old and younjf aUkb,
make money workinfer for ub.
W'e farolfih capital to Blmrt y<in in basi-

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
droneP. No bees owned with-
in 2% miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

To Boston and Return at One Fare

for the round trip from Chicago via
Nickel Plate Road, for Christian Sci-
entists' meeting in June. Tickets on
sale June 2Sth, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st. Stop-
over at Niagara Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057. 6— 22ASt

ing in more, and temperature and humidity
are high. These two latter items should re-
ceive special attention, and I cannot do better
than quote from Cowan's " Honey-Bee." On
page 60, quoting Newport, he says; "Tem-
perature of the brood-nest in the swarming
season averages 9fi degrees, while in August it
is seldom over SO degrees, or perhaps 86 de-
grees, even in the middle of the day when
outer temperature is often more than 7S de-
grees." He then proceeds to give the scien-
tific reasons therefor. At swarming-time the
air of the hive is saturated with moisture, a
matter almost never alluded to as a requisite
for successful queen-rearing, whereas it is
one of the essentials.

It is due to such causes as above that Dr.
Gallup's "rousing colonies" produce fine
queens, not to any supposed "umbilical
cord," the latter being merely the last " cast "
of the larva with its silken attachments.

Quality of Catnip Honey.

Last year, for the first time, J. A. Crane
had some catnip honey. He says in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture:

It being a very wet season, the stuff grew
quite rank, and farmers were too busy, when
it did not rain, to cut it; consequently the
bees made a drive on it, wet or dry, rain or
shine. Wherever there was a bunch ot cat-
nip it would be covered with bees from morn-
ing till night. Well, just before buckwheat
came 1 extracted the crop, and— whew ! I
have it yet. I don't want any more. I can't
sell it, can't eat it, wouldn't give it away —
going to make t»es ot it. It all catnip is like
this, every pound ot it sold on the market
will spoil the sale of five pounds ot good
honey.

Editor Root adds ;

I tasted the honey at Dr. Grandy's that had
a slight flavor ot catnip. It was not unpleas-
ant. But a pure-catnip honey might be very
strong, and totally unfit for market, I think
we have had other reports to that ettect. In
the same way, hoarhound honey— the pure
article — is vile stuff. But a very little of it
mixed with some other good grade of honey
gives it a nice flavor that is not unlike the
hoarhound candy ot our childhood days.

The Carniolan^ltalian Cross.

L. H. Perry says in the American Bee-
keeper;

I have crossed them for several years, and
with me the cross is a better bee than either
race in its purity. The most satisfactory re-
sults have been from the use ot a Carniolan
queen— the drone being Italian. In most
cases this gives me a bee that slicks right to
business in. a honey-flow, and also a prolific
queen. They are trying constantly to swar.n,
and are quite as gentle as either of the races
from which the cross originates, and are beau-
tiful bees, as well.

I have kept Carniolaiis for many years, and
with the exception of their two bad traits —
excessive swarming and excessive brood-rear-
ing after the close ot the honey-flow- 1 find
them superior to the Italians in every way.
The use ot the Carniolan queen with Italian
drone, has given nie the bee best suited to my-
self, and I have no doubt the experience of
my brother bee-keepers would be the same.
The colonies which gave me the most honey
this year were all bred in this way, and I am
well pleased with their actions. Best ot all,
they did not oiler to swarm, but kept right at
woric, storing honey. It is my firm belief
that the more Carniolan blood one can get

EHirQiS

Bred from best Italian honev-gatbenuf; stock,
and reared iu FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be good Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 7Sc each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, SI. 25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15tU. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN,
ISAtf Central Square, Oswego Co . N. V.

f: lease mention Bee Journal -wrheu "writiEii,

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queensj^t

1 6 12

Untested $1,00 $ 5.00 $ 9.00

Tested 1.25 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus (uo queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in liffht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give (■ of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31. I'^Ol.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

ITAtf PKARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal "when -writinc

.^im A Good Wagon

bej^ns «ifli iX'uid wheels. TnleHS

the wliec-U nre enod the waeon ta

^ ^,11 Crtniin-. IF Yor IJl'Y THE

ill ELECTRIC STEEL WHEEL

^■^ ^' mad? to tit any wagon— your wagoa
will always have good wheels. Can't
drv out or rot. No loose tires. Any
heipht. anv ^vidthti^e. Catalog free.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.

BoTl4i Ql'IACr. IIX*

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
inous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regrular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

55 Best, Queen of Sixtu-!ive 55

Belle Plain e, Minn, April, 1103.
Mr. Alley:— I have a queen received from
you in IQTO. Her bees are the best honey-gath-
erers of an apiary of OS colonies in which are
queens from different breeders— natural queens
—as Dr. Gallup calls them. The Adel queen is
the best of the lot. C. J. Oldeniierg.

A Tested Adel Breeding- Queen and ray new
book giving result of 40 years' experience in
rearing queens, sent by mail for %2.W). War-
ranted Adel queens, each, $1.00. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Send for price list of queens and
prospectus of book. "Z'

20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. Mass.
Rease menuon Bee Jovunal -wbea Wfitma

SHECP MOnCT and easy to make
if you work for us. We will start you In
iDUBinesB and furnish the capital. Work
light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
liue of samples and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO., Cblcago, Illi.
Please mention Bee Joumai wnen ■writtae-

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are Interested In Sheep In any w»y
Tou cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

W^ool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you interested ? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICABO ILU

Please mention Bee Journal when -writina

June 11, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

383

into them, without retaining the disposition
for excessive late breeding, thf better bee he
will have. I have the "red clover" strains
of Italians, but they do not work as well on
red clover as uiy Carniolans do. Though I
have never measured their tonftues I believe
thej' can reach farther than Italians.

It should not be understood that all crosses
of this kind are as satisfactory as those men-
tioned above, for about 3H percent proved to
be determined swarraers.

Weed Foundation Not Inferior.

1 regret that, in the report of the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association convention, page 37,
of the American Bee Journal, through some
one's slip, a decidedly wrong impression is
given of what was said by me about the Weed
foundation. I distinctly said that I had not
found other section foundation more accept-
able to the bees. In fact, so far the contrary
is my experience, and I hope no one will use
that incorrect statement as evidence of the
superiority of other makes.

The Weed foundation has, for brood or sec-
tions, the advantage over any other I have so
far used, of staying better where it is at the
beginning; less sagging, or none at all. It
is stronger; less weight per sheet in the brood
will answer — a great saving. — K. F. Holter-
MAX'N, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepeTS who lind it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Good Bug:g:ies Cheap for 30 Days. — For one

month from the date of tbis issue the Kalatna-
zoo Carriace and Harness Mfg-. Co . Ibl Ran-
some St., Kalamazoo, Mich., aie offering a reg-
ular J80 buggy for $45, and extending the privi-
lege to the purchaser of trying it for 30 days,
and then returning it if for any reason it is not
satisfactory.

The.T do not limit the number of buggies to
be sold at this price, but the time limit is inex-
orable, the $45 price expiring in 30 days from
this date.

The Kalamazoo concern is the pioneer in sell-
ing buggies direct to the people on 30 days free
trial plan, and have made a wonderful success
of this method because of its liberality and fair-
ness and because of the high (|uality, low price
and gcod value of their goods.

They are the largest manufacturers of bug-
gies and harness in the world who sell th«ir
output direct to the users and save the middle-
men's profits. Their buggy book, with all the
favorites and all the newest patterns and styles
of vehicles will be sent the reader on request.
Please mention the American Bee Journal when

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1S66. 39th Session opens Sept id.
Subjects: Phrenology, the Art of Character
Reading; Anatomy. Physlologv. Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hvglene, etc. Address : 24 £. 2M St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells ('0.
f lease lueuuon Bee Journal wneu ■writing.

r'alifrtrnia ? If yon care to know of Iti
^Ctlliurilld I Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla^B Favorite Paper —

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural

gaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely illustrated, {2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,

330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.

Please mention Bee Jotimal -when -writiiig

Texas.- The Texas Bee-Keepers' Associatic n
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at College' Station,
Texas, July 7 to in, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet vour fellow-men, and talk. Ex-
hibits of all kinds of stuSE. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums,
■you are invited, lie sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1003, at the A. .V M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Scholl, Sec.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will preaent you with the Hrst 45 yoa
take In to start you In a good paying busl-
nesa. Send 10 cents for full line of tjumplea
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago, Ills.

$

3

(Paid Advertisement, inserted
by order of G. F. Davidson,
Fairview, Texas.)

Know all men by these Presents that,
we, the undersigned, have this day en-
tered into the following contract,
to-wit:

The Jennie Atchley Co., of the first
part, agrees to sell all their right and
title to the Southland Queen, also the
entire subscription list and all ac-
counts due to said paper for the con-
sideration of $400, to us in hand paid
by G. F. Davidson, Louis Scholl and

F. M. Jones, a company formed by the
last-named parties, known as the Lone
Star Apiarist Pub. Co. Said 6400.00
payment to be in the form of a gilt-
edged note signed by G. F. Davidson,
Frank M. Jones and Louis Scholl, with

G. K. Tullos and W. O. Murray as sur-
eties. This note is to be perfectly good
on which, cash can be obtained at any
time by the holders thereof, and bear-
ing date Dec. 2S, 1901 : due on or before
Dec. 3s, I'.KW, with 10 percent interest
until paid, and 10 percent additional
on principal and interest for attorney's
fees in case of suithavingtobe brought
to force payment of said note. The
said .Jeiinio Atchley Co. agree
not to start a bee-paper for the
term oV five years. It is understood
by all concerned that the said Jennie
Atchley Co. get the use of the back
cover leaf — two pages — for the year
1902 for the purpose of running their
own advertising and that of the A. I.
Root Co., of Medina, Ohio. The adver-
tising to be in the new bee-paper, The
Lone Star Apiarist.

The Jennie Atchley Co.

Signed By E. Atchley, Sec.

The Lone Star Apiarist Pub. Co.
By (!. F. Davidson, Pres.
Witnesses. . . .
John Miller,
The Hyde Bee Co.,
By O. P. Hyde, Pres.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00

via Nickel Plate Road, occount ineet-
itig of Christian Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st. Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open return limit of June
28. By depositing tickets with Joint
Agent in Boston on July 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and payment of feeof SOc, extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained. Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in either direction, without extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Three trains daily.
Through vestibuled sleeping - cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road ; also meals
a la carte. Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for reservation of sleep-
ing-car space and other information.
'Phone Central 2057. 8— 22A5t

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

.M.\KKKT 01

Chicago, June 5.— The market is lifeless, no
raovemeat except extracted at low prices. Best
grades of white extiacted, 5}4{qitt cents; amber»
S@5l4c. Comb honey is held at 15c for choice
while, and auythidg- not grading up to meet
this requirement sold at 2(si5c less per pound.
Beeswax, 32c. R. A. Burnbtt <& Co.

Kansas City, May 28.— The supply of comb
honey is about exhausted. The demand good.
We quote vou as follows: Fancy white comb,
24 sections, per case, $3 50; No. 1 white comb, 2+
sections, $3 40; No. 2, white and amber, per
case, $3.00(^3.25. Extracted, white, per pound,
6@6Hc; amber, Sj^c Beeswax, 25(q^30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y,, Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock lif^ht. Comb selling-,
light, 15c; mixed, 14@l5c; dark, 13@i4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7Mc. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5i^@(jJ^c in barrels; white
clover, 8@9c; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, 15(§16c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll(5il3c, according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30(&3lc.

HiLDRBTH & SBGBLKBN,

Cincinnati, May 19.— The demand for comb
honey is nearly over, but as the stock is almost
exhausted, prices keep up. The demand for ex-
tracted has not changed whatever, and prices
are as follows: Amber in barrels, 5^+(^5J^c;
in cans, 6@6J^c; white clover, S'S'Sj^c. Bees-
wax, 28@30c. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb honey,
12@12"^c; amber, 9CailOc; dark, 7@7Hc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6H@7c; light amber, 5H@6c;
amber, 5@5^4c; dark. 4(ai4^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, lighi 27@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned up, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Values for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.

TRACTED HONEY!
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Farfcy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Plea<ie mention Bee Journal "when ■writine,

WANTED!

California Comb Honey in car-iots. it

will pay you to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.

::4Atf Man7.\nola, Colo , or Fair meld. III.
rT.ease mention Bee Journal -when vnting

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Ciocinaali. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
UONEY, aay fiuaatity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2145 -tS Central Ave.. CiNtiN.NATi, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremontp Cal.*

for his

" Bee=Keeper's Guide.'*

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Plepse mention Bee Journal when ■wiitlllg

384

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 11, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so pood. It jou buy of us you
^vill not be disappointed.
We are undersold I>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W.T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of htm and save the freig-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

i-'iease mentioii Bee Joumai wlxen •wriUna.

A Few Cheap Smokers !

We find we have on hand a few slightlj dam-
aged Clark and Bingham Bee-Sraokers, which
pot a little damp and soiled at the time of the
fire in the building where we were about 2 years
ago. They are all almost as good as dew.

We have some of the Clark Cold Blast, which
when new sell now at 55 cents each; and
some of the Little Wonder Bingham— new at
50 cents. But to close out those we have left
that are slightly damaged, we will fill orders as
long as they last at these prices:

Clark at 25 cents each; Little Wonder Bing-
ham at 30 cents each.

We do not mail any of these slightly damaged
Smokers, but will put them in with other goods
when ordered, or sell them here at our office
when called for— at the above prices.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO..

144 iS: 146 E. Erie Street. - CHICAGO, ILL.

^^^-..

t Bee-Keepers, Remember
4

that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest ot any city in the U.S.
We sell

I Root's Supplies at their
♦ Factory Prices * * ♦ ♦ *

•$•

4 Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

plements a specialty. Send for our
*|* free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and

A Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

14A13t

Please mention the Bee Jouri

al.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If yni work
fur UB. Uncle Sam's poultry product jmy^
that sum. Send 10c for eampU-ft arnl partic
ulars. We furnish capital to Htart y.m in
buBlnetsB. Draper PubH8biasCo.,Cblcago,lll.

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ! S

i;BOSTON|

0 Money in Bees for You. 0

& Catalog Price on g

§ ROOT'S SUPPLIES I

Catalog for the Asking.

F. t1. FARMER, li

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. §

a Tip First riig-ht. rt

16Al3t Please mention the Bee ournal.

tie».3i^ifi.jamss,je,ja,:^i,ja,.ie^ie,ss»^^

?^fr Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR^^?^^,SSN^Eil?'i?.'s'Aaa.1«iT''-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

^3l/hv rlrkf^e I'f 6f>ll at\ ix/fllV Because it has always given better satis-
YV IIJ' UUCd il. SCIl »U wen r faction than any other. Because In 35 years

there have not been any complaints^ but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDlies

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the HonGy-BeG — RG\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

>fr»"^*'^*'^'^*'^^'^*'^'^*^^'^*^*prrsr^'^r^*'^*^w^^rrr'*r^^^rrr^!r-^k

- Swarmlno season. ^

Save your prime swarms. They
are worth many times the value
of aecondary swarms that issue
during the middle or late sum-
mer. ThenanumSwarmCatclier,
as shown in the illustration, is
the best for this purpose. The
tasket is of wire-cloth with lid,
and hung so that it can not be
upset while suspended in air No
climbing trees to rut off limbs,
torn clothing, sprained wrists,
etc. Shipping weight, 10 pound-.
Price, $1.10.

The Alley Queen and Drone-
Trap will cage your queens at
swarming-time, when you have
difficulty in locating them, or
where you have occasion to be
absent during swarming s!.ason_
They are indispensable to the
([ueeo-breeder for caging drones
to be taken to another yard, or
for disposing of undesirable
drones. Made in 12 and 14 inch

length. Price, by mail, 65 cents each; by freight or express, SO cents
each; ten, $4.00.

A Good Veil is a necessity even with the most gentle uees. The
apiarist can accomplish more work; there is uo hesitancy on his part
because of cross bees. Price, $1.00, postpaid. We have others at 80, SO
and 40 cents, postpaid.

The clipping of queen's wings is another method for securing the prime swarms.
For the purpose we have a small pair of scissors which we supply at 25 cents, postpaid.
See modus operandi in May 15th Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

I TheA. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio, |

:^ XJ. s. A.. S;

f B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "^m^AJi^'fi^ir' %

."5 are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send ^
.^» to them lor their free Catalog. ^;

5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... «» ,« «» «» /« «» «« «» «»s:

NatM Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

IXlvVERreyqyv

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 18, 1903.

No. 25,

m

^< Alons the Santa Fe Route to Los Angeles ^

♦*♦♦ Life in Moltl Land, Arizona *•: -i-*

386

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr. C.C. Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this .Journal
is SI. 00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, .50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To entorc- laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, SI.OO.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperu-ein, San Antouio, Tex.
R. C. Aikin, Lfoveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

1^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The pictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 2S cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gfold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMORG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent ofi'er, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Meption the Bee Journal I^^giS^F...
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one .side — Tbree Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLEy O.

tTnis Cut is the /-'cll Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbea orderiu^, be sure to say just what name and

address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering* into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the ''Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and io
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cul; gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful kuife, as tly ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us\hkke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $:'.'».) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO.

Jl9~Please allor* '>boat two weeks for your knife order to be tilled.

Chicago, III

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 18, 1903,

No. 25.

Editorial Comments

]

AVriting I'p Honey in the Local Papers is strongly
urged by Wm. M. Whitoey. He says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

Now, it seems to me that the surest and best way to create a de-
mand for honey, and thus enhance the price, would be to get the local
press interested; /. c, publish through the local papers instruction or
information regarding the uses and benefits of honey as a food, a
medicine, etc. It is surprising how little is known by the majority of
people, even in the country, of the value of honey in numberless ways
in a family. If we who are interested in this matter (and all bee-
keepers ought to be) would thus place before the people in a judicious
manner the ways in which honey maybe used to great advantage,
many families that have considered it a luxury in which they could
not indulge might be induced to try it.

For instance, here is a family fond of warm biscuit and honey, or
pancakes and honey, but think they can not afford it, but would adopt
it if they were told that a syrup of granulated sugar, costing about 'A
cents per pound, mixed with good, thick, extracted honey, costing in
bulk, say 13 cents per pound, made a very tine syrup for the purpose,
with all the flavor of honey, and making the average cost only about
7 cents per pound. How much better this would be for the consumer
than to buy the stuff put on the market by the trade generally, with
nobody responsible for its manufacture, and composed principally of
glucose or something worse ! When mixed at home we know what we
are using.

The above is simply an illustration of what might be done were
we to turn our attention in the direction of the local papers. We may
talk till doomsday through the bee-journals, that nobody sees but the
bee-keepers (and but few of them, I'm sorry to say), and it will never
create a demand for honey one iota. What would we think of the
business sense of a manufacturing establishment that exploited its
goods and wares through the medium of a publication that fell into
the hands of its competitors only ? That is substantially what bee-
keepers are doing in their efforts to market their honey. They talk in
the bee-journals; they talk in conventions, where there is no one to
hear but themselves. Why, it almost seems like lying awake at night
to talk to one's self.

Mr. Whitney, in the above, gives some very good suggestions
about creating a larger demand for honey. We hardly favor, how-
ever, the idea of suggesting to consumers that they could mix granu-
lated sugar syrup with honey. We do not see the necessity of it.
Why not eat the pure honey alone, instead of adulterating it with
sugar? Certainly, extracted honey is cheap enough now without mix-
ing it with a cheaper article in order to dispose of more honey. We
think that greater headway will be secured by urging people to u.se
more honey alone. They will do this as they become better acquainted
with its value as an article of food. It bee-keepers were producing
sugar also in connection with keeping bees, it might do forthenito
urge the use of sugar. We really think that it is better for bee-keepers
simply to urge a wider consumption of honey, and it people wish to
use sugar let them do so without any suggestion on the part of bee-
keepers.

Mr. Whitney certainly is correct in saying that it is poor policy
for bee-kepers to try to increase the consumption of honey by writing
about it in the bee-papers. But that is all right so far as it goes, as it
helps the producers, in that it educates them on the use of honey,
when they can in turn pass the information on to their neighbors and
friends. Perhaps a good way would be to pay the publishers of local
newspapers for a certain amount of space, and then use it in calling
the attention of people generally to the value of honey as a food. It

can hardly be expected that the local newspapers are going to use a
lot of their space for the benefit of bee-keepers who have honey for
sale. It is not just to ask them to use their valuable space in that way,
without offering to pay them something for it.

We have thought for some time that the National Association
could not better.invest a few dollars than in advertising in the leading
daily papers of this country. Something like the National Biscuit Co.
does with their Uneeda Biscuit and other bakery goods that they turn
out. It might be well for the bee-keepers to create an advertising
fund, letting each. one contribute something toward it, as such adver-
tising would be for the benefit of all who produce honey. A National
honey exchange could do something of this kind very profitably, we
think, as it would create a demand tor their honey, especially if they
sold it under a certain brand or label.

Honey will not sell itself, any more than anything else. Every-
thing these days has to be pushed, and pushed vigorously, in order to
receive the attention of the masses. Witness the advertising of the
various breakfast foods. One can scarcely pick up a newspaper or
magazine of any kind that does not contain a number of breakfast-
food advertisements. The persistency with which the manufacturers
of these brands of food continue their advertising, shows that it must
pay to do so. Nearly everybody eats some kind of breakfast food.
Nearly everybody should also eat honey, and we believe they will do
so it they ever have an opportunity to learn as much about honey as
they now know about breakfast foods.

Honey has never been brought to the attention of the consuming
public in a manner to recommend it for general use. Perhaps one
reason is that it can not be produced in imlimited quantities, as can
be done with breakfast goods and other food preparations that are
manufactured. When the honey of the country is all cleaned up,
there will not be any more until the next season, and when the crop
is short the end is soon reached. A National honey exchange, with
ample funds, could buy up a large quantity of honey and store it, so
that, it likely would be able to supply all its demands from year to
year. And yet, we have always contended that there is not enough
honey produced in the whole country to supply the demand that would
arise if everybody was as familiar as they should be with honey as a
daily table article.

We think this is a subject worthy the best thought of honey-pro-
ducers everywhere. With the proper demand among the people for
pure honey, we believe that the price would be much higher tor all
grades. Most people like to eat good things, and if they can be
assured of purity at all times, they are willing to pay a good price.

A Plan for Rearing- Queens and Starting Xuclei.

Nuclei may be started in different ways. A plan of getting nuclei
started that is easy of accomplishment for the beginner, at the same
time resulting in a laying young queen in each nucleus, is as follows:

Take from a strong colony of choice stock its queen and two
frames of brood with adhering bees, putting them in another hive on
a new stand. In place of the removed frames two empty combs may
be given. The hive in which the queen has been put may also be
filled up with empty combs, or with frames filled with foundation.

Nine days later take the old colony from its stand, and put in its
place the hive with the queen. The field-bees, when they return from
foraging, will join the latter, and it will soon be a good colony.

The contents of the old hive may now be divided up into nuclei.
The bees being queenless, they will stay wherever put much better
than will bees taken directly from a colony with a laying queen. Two

368

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

frames of brood with adhering bees will do 'for each nucleus, and it
will be well to add a frame of honey to each. One of the nuclei
should be placed on the stand which the queen occupied for nine
days, and this need hardly be so strong as the others, for it will have
the advantage of the field-bees that had beeu with the old queen.

The result may be unsatisfactory it no attention is paid to the
position of the queen-cells. They will be mostly found on the edges
of the combs, where they may be easily chilled in the nuclei. Cut out
those that are not centrally located, and see that each nucleus has two
or more cells fastened upon the combs where they will be sure to be
kept warm.

Not all the cells will be good ; for the bees have a habit of starting
the last cells after the brood has become too cold ; but if they have
two or more to choose from they will choose the best.

To Fasten Queen-Cells on Combs.— One way is to cut a

hole in the comb and fit the cell into it. Another way is to use a
heavy pin or a light lj..2-inch wire-nail, thrusting the pin or nail
through the bit of comb at the base of the cell, and nailing the cell to
the comb. Perhaps a still better way is to use a staple such as is now
used in fastening bottom-boards to hives (fi., inches wide with legs 5i'
inch long), pressing one end into the comb and letting the other com-
pass the cell. Of course, care must be taken that the cell is not
crushed, and that its cavity is not thrust into.

(

Association Notes

Collecting Honet-Debts. — A member of the National Bee-
Keepers" Association could not collect a long-standing honey-debt.
At the request of the General Manager, he wrote and requested the
person owing to settle, or it would be placed in the hands of the Gen-
eral Manager for collection. The money came at once. This is one
of the ways in which the Association helps its members. Who would
not join such an organization, when $1.00 as membership dues will
bring so much in return?

Another Threatened Lawsuit Prevented.— The following
letter was sent by General Manager France :

Mr. Leon Kellogg, Village Clerk, Sparta, Mich, —

Dear Sir : — I received your letter April 28, stating the village of
Sparta, Mich., had passed an ordinance relative to the keeping of bees
in Sparta, etc. Soon after, I sent the President of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association to investigate the case, which he did, and re-
ported there was something back of the bees, etc. That at that time
compromise would not satisfy those in authority, and that we should
be prepared to defend our member if necessary. Whereupon we
secured the best legal assistance. We have over §1000 in our treasury,
and with over 1200 members ready to furnish their dollars if necessary,
we are prepared to. defend a legal business in your village.

To-day I got a short letter, stating said village, after carefully in-
vestigating the case, has concluded to drop it. No city or village in-
America has in force any such ordinance.

In behalf of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, I want to
thank the village officers of Sparta, Mich., for their consideration of
this matter, and decision of indefinite postponement of the ordinance,
declaring a nuisance and ordering removed from their jurisdiction an
honorable and legal occupation.

All is well that ends well. I hope that harmony and good-will
may prevail in your village evermore.

Yours truly, N. E. France,

Oenerul Manaqer of National Bee-Keepers'' Association.

Platteville, Wis., May 23, 1903.

The Santa Fe RonTE to Los Angeles is the one over which
likely most of the bee-keepers will go who live east of Chicago. Of
course, all who live along this route will also go by that road. In the
advertisement of the Santa Fe in this issue are described two trips,
one of which provides for a stop-over at the Grand Canyon in Colo-
rado, while the other goes right through to Los Angeles without any
extra stop-overs. Some of us have about decided to take the trip that
has a stop-over at the Grand Canyon, and rest there over Sunday, ar-
riving there Saturday evening and leaving Monday morning. It is a
long journey from the East, or even from Chicago, to Los Angeles, so
that a day's rest, especially on Sunday, would doubtless be much
appreciated. By leaving Chicago Wednesday evening, at 10 o'clock,

we can stop at the Grand Canyon and still arrive in Los Angeles a full
half day ahead of the first session of the convention, which meets on
Tuesday evening, August IS. If we can get together a company of 18
to start from Chicago at the same time, we can have a tourist car to
ourselves, which will not only take us to the Grand Canyon, but after
visiting that wonderful place we can continue the journey in the same
car. This, it seems to us, would be very desirable. We will be glad
to make all necessary arrangements here in Chicago for any who wish
to join the company starting from here on Wednesday evening,
August 12.

Those who are unable to spend quite as much time on the way
can leave Chicago on Friday evening and still get to the convention
on time on Tuesday. But as this trip to Los Angeles may be the one
of a life time, it seems to us that we all can arrange to spend two days
more, and leave Chicago on Wednesday evening, August 12.

We will be glad to announce in the Bee .Journal the names of all
who expect to go to the convention, if they will let us know. It is
just two months until the great meeting will be held in Los Angeles.
This will be ample time for all who can go, to make every necessary
arrangement for the trip.

Miscellaneous Items

J

Homer H. Hyde, of Wilson Co., Tex., is to be married to-day
(June 18). The name of the young lady is Lizzie E. Adams. We wish
them not only lots of "chunk-honey," but also big "chunks" of
happiness all the way through life.

W. Z. Hutchinson has contributed to the June issue of " Coun-
try Life in America," an illustrated article on bee-keeping for pleas-
ure and profit. This magazine is perhaps the most elegantly illustrated
of any publication devoted to rural life issued in this or any other
country. It is beautiful all the way through. It is a monthly publi-
cation, and contains about 50 pages 10,^x14 '^ inches in size. Double-
day, Page A: Co., of New York, N. Y., are its publishers. Twenty-five
cents will secure a copy of the June issue referred to.

The Bee-Keepers' Law for Illinois does not go into effect until
July 1 . Those who have the matter in charge are casting about for
a suitable bee-keeper for inspector of apiaries. As soon as he is
selected and appointed we will announce it. As all know who have
read the law, which we published on page 308, the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association is expected to do all the correspondence and be
to the trouble of settling all the bills, etc., and yet gets nothing for it.
It seems to us that the bee-keepers of this State can not help in any
way more than to become members of the State Association. Illinois
should have the largest State Bee-Keepers' Association of all. We be-
lieve now that it is about the smallest of any of the States that have bee-
keepers' associations at all. Why not send your dues of $1.00 at once
to the Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Route 4, Springfield, III.?

Mr. Louis H. Scholl succeeds Mr. Wilmon Newell as Assistant
State Entomologist, and in charge of the Experimental Apiary at the
A. & M. College, at College Station, Tex., who resigned to accept the
position of Assistant State Entomologist of Georgia. Mr. Newell is
well known to Texas bee-keepers for the good work he has done in
establishing the apiary at the A, & M. College, and advancing the in-
dustry of bee-keeping throughout the State, to which industry his
departure will be a distinct loss. Mr. Newell will have charge of
orchard and nursery inspection work in Georgia, for which his pre-
vious experience in Ohio and Iowa well fits him, and he leaves the
college with the best wishes of his many friends in Texas. We are
glad to know that his position has been so well filled by the appoint-
ment of Mr. Louis H. Scholl, of Comal Co., Tex., Secretary of the
Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association. He is a native of Comal
County, and is known throughout Texas and nationally as^an expert
bee-keeper. Mr. Scholl will devote his time entirely to the experi-
mental apiary, and building up bee-culture in Texas. We wish him
every success in his new position.

June 18, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

389

[ Convention Proceedings j

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicag-o,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND RKPORTKR.

(Coatlnued from pape 374.)
Pres. York — For the benefit of those who just came in,
I would say that we are discussing " Commercial Organiza-
tion Among- Bee-Keepers."

Mr. Moore — I think a whole lot of this material that we
are going over, perhaps laboriously, is useless. Don't take
what I say to heart. All these things will settle themselves.
In case any disputes arise you can agree to have an arbi-
tration. The thing to do is to get the 700,000 bee-keepers
in the United States to know that they want anything. We
have a thousand in the National, pretty near, and as I read
over what Dr. Mason said, I find that even the Greater New
York had only ISOattheoutside, and this number inside and
and outside is more than in any other association in this
country. Out of the total number there are only 2000 of
them who know or realize that they need anything on that
subject. It is the capital and the interest that you need.
Any of these little details can be settled, or will settle them-
selves.

Dr. Miller — Mr. President, it isn't nice of Mr. Moore to
get up and say what I was going to say. I was going to
say pretty nearly the same thing. Mr. Hutchinson has
been wasting time here, and I almost felt that he was
wasting time in talking about the necessity of organization,
and when he stopped you started to talk about the little
things that would be met with to settle after you had be-
come organized. How are you going to be organized ?
That is the important thing to talk about.

Mr. France — The great difficulty, so far as I see is, as
Mr. Moore remarked, is to get the bee-keepers interested, to
feel that it is a financial benefit to them, that they can not
afford to stay outside of it. The bee-keepers in Wisconsin
felt that they must belong to the State and to the National
Association. We were the first to join the National in a
body, and its influence is wide-spread now. But as to ho%Y
to go at this is the question. I am at a loss to know how
we are going to get them interested ; to feel they are going
to get something for the investment. We know that by
organization much and great good can be done, but we can
not with our membership now in the National Association —
why, we are in our infancy.

Mr. Abbott — I like to agree with everybody if I can,
but if I should tell all I think about this idea of a great
honey-trust, or whatever you are a mind to call it, I doubt
if very many of you would agree with me. I fully realize
that- Mr. Moore has touched the central thought, that the
main thing, the essential things is to get the bee-keepers of
the country to understand that they need something of that
kind — to get them to have that kind of feeling.

Now, most of us look at bee-keeping as a professional
pursuit, as an industry, a few of us, I would better say, as
an industry for men to devote their liie work to. I never
have believed that bee-keeping would be a success in the
United States in that way. My ideas are not along that
line. I am a believer in bee-keeping as an adjunct to a
farm, and I think we should keep that in view, so that I
would have a little different idea, of course, of organization,
because I would look at it from that standpoint. I would
have to go back and discuss the question of whether it was
a good idea to have a middle man or not. I think it is. I
think the middle man is a good man. I think the Almighty
made the middle man. 1 don't think modern society or
modern business methods made him. He grew out of a
natural condition of things, having an adaptation, when
God made him, to do certain things. Some people have
adaptability to produce nice goods; other people have
adaptability to sell goods, and the production and selliti;,'
of goods are two widely different things. The fact that

"York's Honey " is every place, and that it is "York's
Honey," is helpful to the bee-keepers who produce honey
all over this country. If there was a Mr. York in every
village of a thousand inhabitants all over the United States
there wouldn't be any discussion as to the sale of honey.
There isn't honey enough in the United States to-day to
supply the demand, and there hasn't been enough to supply
the demand in five years, much less the demand that can
possibly be created. There isn't honey enough to be had in
St. Joseph to eat the amount of honey they do, to supply
the demand for two months. Now, there ought not to be
any great question of disposing of the honey in that locality,
but last week there came to me a shipment of honey, and
more than half of it was mashed, the sections were broken
and were in a dilapidated condition. I went down to the
wholesale house the day before I went away, and I was told
that they had a shipment of honey in there that was all
mashed. I said, "You can sell it to me for 10 cents a
pound, or else find some bigger fool and get 8 cents." He
said, " I would rather sell it to you for 10 cents a pound."
He didn't know what to do with it. I did. And I was glad
to have it. Another shipment of honey came in from Wash-
ington, Kans., and every section was in nice shape. It was
cased properly, and put into the cars properly, and looked
after when it went out of the cars properly, because I looked
after that myself, and of course that was done properly, and
it got into my place of business in proper condition. lam
holding it there for future use. I didn't have to bother any
about that shipment of honey, it will take care of
itself, but the letter that came from that man had some-
thing in it. He said he had learned how to handle his
honey so he could sell for cash any place, and he wasn't
dependent on any commission man or on anybody else for
his honey. He wrote that to me after he had his check. I
thought then he didn't require any special help to sell his
goods, he seemed to think he had solved the problem for
himself. He thought if he couldn't sell to me there would
be another man he could sell to. There was York in Chi-
cago. He could fire it up to York if he saw how nice it
came in.

Pres. York— And you would probably never get any
more of it !

Mr. Abbott— That's the reason I didn't tell the man's
name, because York would probably try to get his honey
next year ! There are, of course, large honey-producers
where it becomes a serious problem as to what they shall
do with their honey. That's a business proposition, and it
would take a business head to answer it. I am not built
that way. I have too much vim or enthusiasm. I manage
to get enough to live on, and when I get that I don't care
about business anyway.

To be serious, I do believe that the secret of the sale of
honey in the United States to-day is to teach the bee-keep-
ers how to put up honey, and how to make it salable on the
markets of the world. Why, they hire men to go from New
York city, scour the country all through Colorado and Utah,
all through that Western country, and pick up car-loads of
honey, and they are anxious for it. Pay their expenses out
there to get it. It ought not to be much of a question, or
problem, as to where honey may be sold when men do that.
If the majority of honey out there is in such condition that
it can be packed in cars, and it is only the question of the
honey being in proper shape, it seems to me that there
is already a larger market for honey than can be supplied.
Why are we saying so much about selling our honey ? Is it
so hard, after all, to sell it as it would seem to indicate by
what we are saying about this organization ? Is honey a
kind of a drug on the market ?

I have been looking all over the country trying to get
honey in good condition, and to tell you the truth, that one
shipment of honey is all I could get during the entire sea-
son that I could get and feel that it would be all right when
it got there and meet the demands of that market. Now,
there are so many people that have honey and don't know
how to put it up, but there doesn't seem to be much honey in
the market in the country. There hasn't been for years.
That has been my experience. I may be wrong about it.

After all, is there so much trouble in the sale of honey ?
I am just asking a question. I don't pay so much attention
to the financial side of it. I go out into the market to buy
honey for my own little trade — a very small trade — and I
find hard work to get good honey to supply that demand.

How will we organize? Now, I will tell you how I do
business. I had to move not long ago, and the way I moved
was this : I got my men, and I said, "I want you to get
these goods to my place just as fast as you can." And when
they didn't hustle fast enough I, said this man go here, this

390

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

that way, and the stenog^rapher must pack that, and the
goods were all up there in a very few days. Now, that's the
only way I know how to do anything. Just to have some
fellow to go at it, and do it.

Mr. Moore — There is a word in Mr. Abbott's remarks
that strikes me. It reminds me of Mrs. Moore. I said to
Mrs. Moore, " Dear, I know how you make up your mind.
You find out which side of the question I am on, and then
you are against me." Now, Mr. Abbott speaks of the
farmer bee-keeper. I think he will admit, and you all will,
that this is a day of specialties, and that it is the farmer
bee-keeper that produces the honey in this country. I have
sold honey about 16 years, and no matter about the produc-
ing of it, the selling of the honey has to be a specialty in
this day and age.

In the last year I spent a great deal of time calling on
retail grocery stores. If the honey was distributed equally
according to the demand of the people, without any educa-
tion, there would not be half enough to go around ; but at
present honey has been a drug. It is two cents in Cuba,
and 10 to 12 cents a pound in our country. There is never
enough fine, white, comb honey in one-pound sectipns pro-
duced in this country. It always brings a larger price. Our
bee-keepers are producing liquid honey, and how to get that
into the hands of the people is the burning question to-day.
Mr. Abbott is speaking of the comb-honey question. There
will never be enough of it. The bee-keepers are producing
two or three pounds of liquid to one of comb, they can do it,
and they are going to continue to do it. You witness this
condition. Of course, you know where the great honey-
producers are, and a fancy article of white clover and bass-
wood honey can be bought, and the consumer is paying 20
to 30 cents a pound retail. There is no controversy about
that. We don't object to the middle man. What we do
object to is three middle men — the commission man, the
wholesale grocer, and the retail grocer — three middle men
coming in between the producer and the consumer. I wit-
nessed this myself in my travels over Indiana. Local bee-
keepers were getting last year's price for comb honey. They
were getting 12, and l2'/i, 13 and 14 cents a pound. At the
same time in Toledo they were selling it for 20 cents a
pound in one-pound sections.

Dr. Miller — I found one grocer selling it for 23 cents by
the piece.

Mr. Moore — I examined that, and half was second-grade
and half was under grade. I have given a great deal of
thought to this subject. I have thought so much about it
that I don't know about it at all. I don't know what is best.
If we could get these 700,000 people to interest themselves,
their minds and their money, it would be decided right. We
haven't, with our best efforts, been able to do so. My
thought is this, and I give it to you for what it is worth.
Those who are intensely interested — the Roots, York, Weber
— we will form a stock company. We will have the author-
ized capital $50,000. We will incorporate under the laws of
Illinois or New Jersey, whichever our lawyer says is best.
We will establish at Chicago a headquarters. We will start
that way and try it. We will do all the things that are
necessary for success. Get the honey from the producer
and pay him as much as you can, and make the expenses as
little as you can, get as much as you can for the product,
and make a success of it commercially. Suppose the first
branch is in Chicago. You would have to have a reliable
store. You would have to have some one competent. You
would have to have a telephone, and say that every one of
the 10,000 grocers can telephone in, " We want some honey."
Have to have your wagons distribute it. Have to have an
exhibit of live bees to show them that we weren't common,
every-day Chicago sharpers shipping in honey ; and you
would have to locate somewhat centrally from Twelfth
street. You would have the place jammed with peopile all
the time.

This company should have a title that would stand to
the people for its purity. A title that occurred to me was,
" The Honey Company of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation." Is that too long? The printer stamps it with
one impression. The Honey Company of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, if you please, and actual bee-keepers.
And, as far as limiting the amount of stock, you can't do
that. You can limit a man only to the extent of his pocket-
book.

Mr. Abbott — I knew I could make Mr. Moore make a
speech. There was something I wanted to say, and it is
this : The question of the sale of honey all hinges around
the infernal adulteration that's going on in this land
openly. That's the greatest monster that the bee-keeper
has to tackle. If we can only wipe out the monster of glu-

cose honey. I believe in that advertising scheme. Now,
you have struck my idea. One such store would do much
more to advertise and sell honey than anything I have ever
heard mentioned. That is a splendid scheme, and splendid
idea. That has been my idea all the time, and with the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, that it has not made
itself known. Mr. Moore suggests advertising, and it takes
brass bands to run political machinery, and hurrah. The
trouble with bee-keepers is, they haven't advertised. They
haven't let the country know that they were in the world.

A party on the train said to me, " Where are you going?"
'• Up to Chicago to attend a bee-keepers' meeting." "Do
/Aey hold meetings ?" "What do they do when they have
meetings ? Can a fellow afford to ride on the cars 400
miles to attend that meeting?" He didn't seem to know
about the bee-keepers. But everybody knows about the
Live Stock Show, and that the people from everywhere are
coming to attend it. They have advertised — made them-
selves known. And now, then, I like that idea, but then I
go back to my original proposition, the way to do that is
for somebody to go ahead and do it, and Mr. Moore seems
to know how it ought to be done, and if that is what we
.need why can't something of the sort be started, and see if
we have bee-keepers enough to take stock in it. A stock
company to do a thing like that — it will take a lot of hard
cash to do it. How much stock do you think would be sub-
scribed ? Suppose a proposition of that kind should be put.
My father kept a hotel, and some people came through the
town, and their horse died right in front of our hotel. An
old fellow who used to be a show clown, a kind of hard fel-
low, the people thought, and we kept a hotel and it wasn't
our business to ask what kind of a fellow he was. He stood
around there, and they kept a saying how sorry they were.
Then the old fellow said, " Jimminy, craminy, how much
are you sorry?" He put S5.00 on the horse, and said, " I
am sorry that much." It wasn't two minutes, that was the
end of it. He solved it with pretty rough language, but his
$5.00 backed it up.

The question of the adulteration of extracted honey
will largely solve the problem of the sale of extracted
honey. I went to the National Manufacturing Company, of
St. Joseph, and saw the genleman who ought to be a good
man, and he took me down and says, "Come down, I want
to show you." He took me down where he had a car-load
of extracted honey, and over in another part he had a great
pile of comb honey. He had gotten some extra-fine honey
for his work. It has a good flavor to it. He said he would
get rid of this in a little while. He puts three parts of glu-
cose and one part of that honey, and sends it into Oklahoma
and sells it for pure honey !

Mr. Moore — Medina, Ohio ?

Mr. Abbott — That's the Glycerine Refining Company,
and when you write to them about it they tell you to go to a
place that's hotter than Ohio ! Wipe out a few of those
fellows ; but that's the way they talk to us down in Mis-
souri. The whole market is full of it. I stepped into a
leading grocery — all friends of mine — but I told them the
plain truth. " Do you know what that is there ?" " Yes,
I know what it is." " Do you understand the nature of
that ?" " Yes, we know all about it." " I know what that
is exactly, it is adulterated honey." " But I thought you
said you wouldn't handle any more of that, and now you
stick that up by the side of my honey, and you hand it out
to them and they think it is Abbott's." "We never do
that. We tell them this is Abbott's honey." " But," I
said, "you are injuring the market." "We bought this
very cheap, and there are some people who want the cheap."
When I inquired the price I found there was only a slight
difference. The whole secret is, they buy the pure goods
for 20 cents and sell for 25, and the other they buy for half,
and they make more on that than they do on the better
goods. The man who runs the grocery professes to be a
good man, still he hasn't come to realize that setting up
that goods which is manufactured and selling it to the peo-
ple, not guaranteeing its purity, but implying it is pure,
that that is a crime against society, and a crime against
the interests of his own soul, and something ought to be
done to make the country feel that.

Mr. Moore — I am sorry I have to disagree with Mr.
Abbott about a law matter. These glucose people — we
must respect their glucose. They have trained these grocers
up for ten years. They don't want honey with the pro-
ducer's name on it. They don't know us. I went into a
grocery store, made it a specialty, and told them that I had
300 colonies of bees. The grocer didn't care to go any
further. " What is the price?" The trade we care for is
all that way, and the grocer prefers to sell a cheap article

June 18, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

391

because he makes more profit on it. The thing to do is to
brand our goods, and educate the consumer to ask for them,
for just the moment they find out there is a bee-keeper's
brand they won't have any other kind. My wife buys
baking- powder, and she wants either Dr. Price's or Royal,
and she won't have any other kind. The people have been
drilled into this.

Mr. Niver— I had a little experience. I was in Niagara
Falls selling extracted honey to private houses, canvassing
to see if I could raise the consumption in that way and I
sold a big lot of honey, and the stores were full of glucose
honey and nothing else, and there is a law in the State of
New York which makes a possible fine of $200 a day, and
each day is a separate offense. I did not go for the grocery
man. I am willing they should have that trade if tliey will
leave me the honey-trade. That may be selfish, but that's
the way I look at it. The people gave me their honey-
trade, and it was a big one. As Mr. Moore says, the liquid
honey trade for the grocer is nothing at all. Nobody
bought any honey there, or pretended to, because they be-
lieved it adulterated, but they would buy it from me, and
continued to buy it week after week. There is one way
that we can increase the sale of liquid honey.
(Continued next week. )

Contributed Articles

The Question of Foul Brood— Cause, Etc.

BV C. P. DADANT.

THE apprehension of bee-keepers has been very much in-
creased lately, on both continents, by the assertions of
Dr. Lambotte, concerning its idenity with a common
bacillus known as Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, which it
appears exists very plentifully everywhere. These asser-
tions, however, are very likely to prove erroneous, as a
number of microscopists have taken issue with Ivambotte
and affirm that in spite of the similarity, the bacilli are
different. Prof. F. C. Harrison and Thos. W. Cowan both
raise objections, and the former shows by comparative
tables that slight difl'erences exist. In a matter of this kind
it is very much as if we were to compare two snakes, the
one poisonous, the other inoffensive. Differences which in
a snake are easily noticed become much more difficult to de-
tect in a microscopic organism. But we find those differ-
ences between dapgerous and harmless diseases all around
us. Is there anything more dangerous than diphtheria, or
less so than an ordinary sore throat ?

We can not be too cautious as to the spread of foul brood,
and it is better to mistrust all appearances of diseased
brood than be over-confident, but I believe there are many
instances when foul brood is suspected where it does not
exist. We are not as yet sufficiently informed on those dis-
eases commonly known as pickled brood and black brood.

I had never seen foul brood until my trip to Colorado
last fall, when I was given an opportunity of seeing it in
three different places. It is quite prevalent in some spots,
probably owing to the great number of bees kept in limited
areas on a large scale, and in many cases by incompetent
farmers as well as by practical apiarists. In one apiary of
a very large honey-producer I was shown a colony which
had been treated, being the sole colony in which he had
found the disease, and we saw only one solitary cell of the
disease. In other places it was more perceptible. But in
each case the diagnosis was the same, the dark coffee-
colored appearance, the glue-pot smell, the ropiness, the
settling of the mass to the bottom of the cell, deeper at the
rear than at the front, owing to the slight slant of the cells
towards the rear — those well diagnosed indications were in
each case the same. In each case the disease was well un-
der control, but they showed me also in the dried-up combs,
the brown scales of dried foul-brood quite perceptible to a
searching eye. I came home very mucli impressed with the
necessity of severe measures against the disease.

Several times during the fall and once this spring I
have been asked about instances of dead brood, and in three
cases samples were mailed me by apiarists in different local-
ities of Missouri and Illinois. In neither of these cases did
I see symptoms similar to those mentioned above. There

was dead brood, dead larva- in different stages, sunken
cappings, but neither the glue-pot smell nor the ropiness
were to be detected. An occasional larva iiad dried up and
shrunk so that it was loose from the cell-walls, and could be
dropped out by inverting the comb; others were stuck fast
to the walls. One man reported that the disease had ap-
peared in two or three colonies. He said :

" After a few days I went to examine the hive that had
the dead brood. To my surprise I did not find a sign of it,
but I found others that had it. Might not the bad weather
be the cause of this ? "

I wrote this man again in April to find about the condi-
tion of those hives. He replied, a few days ago :

"I received your letter. I don't think it was foul-
brood, as the colony that had it worst got completely over
it before the end of the season and harvested some honey.
I am unable to find any signs of decayed brood in the hives
this spring."

I really do not believe that disease was caused by the
chilling of the brood (although we have had more than
usually cool weather both in the fall of 1902 and in the
spring), because, if the brood had been chilled, whole patches
of it would be dead. We had entire combs of chilled brood,
years ago, when we were practicing the spreading of the
brood to induce prompt breeding in the spring. In such
cases the brood was all dead, and the one or two instances
that we saw, cured us thoroughly of the practice of incon-
siderate spreading of combs.

From the descriptions Mr. France gave of pickled brood
at the Chicago meeting, I would be tempted to decide that
all those instances brought to my knowledge were of that
kind. Now, will this pickled brood cure itself, or pass
away ? I would like to have Mr. France to tell us what he
knows. I remember that when I was in Paris, in 1900, an
old bee-keeper who was in charge of the Luxembourg
apiary, in the heart of Paris, told me, with a shrug of his
shoulders, that they had had foul brood in that apiary, but
that it had become cured without doing anything for it.
From what I have seen and heard about foul brood, this
seemed rather odd, and I acknowledge that it did not give
me a very exalted opinion of the bee-knowledge of the man
who said it. I do /lot believe that foul brood will cure, of
itself, without treatment ; and wherever a disease of the
brood has disappeared of its own accord, I am very much
tempted to put it among the benign diseases. Very prob-
ably in such cases the bacillus is different. Might it not be
that Bacillus Alvei is the true disease, while Mesentericus
is a milder form ? There is room for further scientific re-
search on those points.

Whatevermay be the case, we feel the need of compe-
tent and lively action on this matter in Illinois as in other
States. I see by the American Bee Journal that the appro-
priation of i$l,000 each year for two years in Illinois has be-
come a law, and I believe it is time to act. It will be quite
a relief to our bee-keepers to know that in case of diseases
among their bees they can command the services of some
one who will make these matters a constant study.

Hancock Co., 111.

Thirty Years Ago and Now— Historical.

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

AFTER an absence of 30 years from the field of practical
bee-keeping, I again have become the owner of some
bees, and have renewed my subscription to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. Samuel Wagner was its editor and pub-
lisher at Washington, D. C, when I first began to read it
and contribute to its columns.

In 186+ I purchased and introduced my first Italian
queen, being then a resident of Indiana. I paid Rev. L. It.
Langstroth SIO for her, and was declared by some people as
being mentally out of balance for having paid such a price
for one " bug," and it a " hum-bug," at that, so they said.
But I successfully introduced her to a large colony of black
bees that I had' transferred from a box-hive to one of Mr.
Langstroth's 16-frame observing hives, which I constructed
under instructions found in his book ( " Langstroth on the
Hive and Honey-Bee" ). Inside of eight weeks after the
introduction of the queen but few bees other than three-
banded Italians could be seen. From this beginning I in-
creased my stock to more than 100 colonies, all of which I
sold in 1873 and located in Rice Co., Kan., where I still re-
side on a farm that I located upon, and I improved as a
soldier's homestead. This country not being at all adapted

392

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

to bee-keeping- at that time was the reason why I dropped
out of the business.

My health had been injured and ray constitution shat-
tered while in the army during our ever-to-be-regretted Civil
War. Health was one of my chief objects of search in com-
ing here.

Now alfalfa has become a common crop here, and thous-
ands of fruit-trees and other honey-yielding plants are com-
mon, and the bees are rapidly becoming a source of income
and profit.

On re-entering the pursuit of bee-keeping I note several
changes of great importance. The most prominent and
noteworthy is the amount of knowledge that has been ac-
quired by the masses of our people concerning the habits
and management of honey-bees.

Forty years ago I sometimes found it out of the range of
possibilities to purchase a colony of bees, it being regarded
as decidely a forerunner of bad luck to sell a colony of bees.
Especially was it held as true that any one selling a colony
of bees could never hope to keep bees with any sort of success
again. That such superstitions have been superseded by a
degree of knowledge and scientific advancement resulting
in profit, pleasure and luxury, is most certainly a source of
gratification to all our people, and especially to the bee-
keepers who were active participators in this grand march
of progress.

I have not on hand data that will enable me to present
a tabulated statement as to the difference between the num-
ber of colonies of bees kept now and 40 years ago, together
with the enormous increase in the amount of honey, wax and
profit derived from the same annually ; but to the most cas-
ual observer of the difference in the conditions then and now,
the contrast will appear very great. In the meantime, many
of our most prominent leaders have quit the stage of action.
Among them, Mr. Langstroth — the greatest of them all —
is no longer with us. Adam Grimm, Dr. Hamlin, Elisha
Gallup, Samuel Wagner,' Chas. Dadant, Thomas G. New-
man, and others, have been cut down by the Scythe of Time.
Prof. Cook, Alley, Baldridge, Root, and possibly a number
other prominent bee-keepers, I am happy to know, are still
with us. And I sincerely hope to meet most of them at
Los Angeles, Calif., in August, at the National Bee-keepers'
Convention.

During the early 70's, at the solicitation of Prof. A.
J. Cook, I discussed what was then known as the " Drone
Question," before the Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. Mr. Eangstroth, myself and others, took the position
that the fertilization of the queen did not affect the purity
of her drone progeny, which position drew the fire of several
among the bee-keeping fraternity. I do not know whether
this is any longer a question or not. But I note the fact
that Elisha Gallup has drawn the fire of a number by as-
suming the ground that the maturing queen has an " um-
bilical cord." That there is a channel through which she
receives the necessary nourishment to keep up the develop-
ment process will not be questioned ; but under the accepted
definition of what is understood to be an umbilical cord, the
term applied, as Mr. Gallup has used it, must be construed
as largely figurative. An umbilical cord proper consists of
an artery, a vein, a sheath and connecting tissues, and when
performing its proper function is attached to a fetus at one
end and a placenta at the other, which latter organ con-
sists of two portions, viz,, a maternal and a fetal portion ;
the former being attached to both the mother and the fetal
portion, and when thus connected is the channel through
which the fetus or prospective offspring receives its sub-
stance until the period of birth has arrived. That there is no
such connection between the mother queen and the queen
in process of development is of course well known. Hence,
to use the term as Mr. Gallup used it, must either be done
in a figurative sense, or an additional definition to the term
umbilicus must be added.

In conclusion, Mr. Editor, please permit me to state
that in re- entering the circle of bee-keepers I shall not again
engage in breeding queens and bees for sale as I once did, but
to keep them for honey-gathering, and to be among the fra-
ternity of bee-keepers is my sole object. I have passed my
70th year, and have abandoned the practice of my profession
(medicine), and farming as well, and do not care to give any
pursuit the unceasing attention required in breeding queens
and shipping them. Lyons Co., Kaus., May 22.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bees Cleaning' Out Comb.

When I was about 10 or 12 years old I had an uncle who
kept bees in what is now a rather old-fashioned way, but I
always enjoyed being around his bees, and some way (he
thought it queer) they were never cross to me. Three years
ago last fall I had quite a notion that I wanted honey for
ourselves. I had a chance to buy one colony to bring home
in the spring, so I bought it. They sent out a swarm the
next season, but we got only about 30 pounds of surplus
honey that year. We packed them for the winter in chaff
hives, and they came out fine in the spring. Both colonies
just doubled the next summer. We packed them as before,
but out of the 4 colonies one died in the winter, so we put
out but 3 colonies last spring. They doubled, and furnished
us with all the honey we could eat, besides sellingSlS worth.

When I first bought the bees I subscribed for the
American Bee Journal, and we have read it ever since. We
also got a book, " A B C of Bee-Culture," and studied it
until we thought we knew a little of the business. Last fall
my husband made up his mind that he could care for bees
better than do what he was doing (market gardening), and
he let all his tillage land except a little garden, and bought
54 colonies, making 60 in all, so we are"bee-ing" now.
This spring has been extremely hard on the bees, there
being so much rain. There have not been over four or five
days that they could work.

1. In the last Bee Journal I noticed that you said bees
would clean out comb without making holes through it, if
properly handled. Now, we have fed ours honey in the
comb this spring, and the combs were cleaned without in-
juring them, so I infer that either we or the bees
handled it right — perhaps both — and what I want to know
is : What would be an improper way ? The way we did
was to put the comb on top of the frames, and put cloth
over it, and let the bees do the rest.

2. You asked what my work is now. It is to put sec-
tions together, and put in foundation, and put foundation
in frames (self-spacing Hoffman). I use full foundation in
every place. Are we doing right ?

My husband says that if this weather continues we
shall have to put the stands on stilts, and feed the bees
with a bottle before fall ; and then he thinks we shall know
about bees ! Grace W. Sager.

Benton Co., Minn., May 18.

Answers. — 1. From what you say I suppose you put
brood-combs over a colony and let the bees take the honey.
No danger of combs being torn in that way. The danger
comes when you expose the combs away from the care of
any colony. Even then old black combs will not be torn.
But if you want to know " an improper way," just take a
section of honey or a frame filled with new comb and put it
where the bees can make a free-for-all attack upon it, and
see if they do not chew a good part of it into bits.

2. Yes.

Begrinning- With Bees.

1. I am " the mother " in a large family, and wishing
to " go into bees " with the idea of providing honey for my
own family only, I write to ask you if you think it practi-
cable for me, with hands already full, to try it. I have the
book " A li C of Bee-Culture," and am taking the American
Bee Journal, but I can't find much for beginners. In your
department some answers to the following might be very
timely to others besides myself.

2. What examination is needed to know that bees are
satisfactory ? We bought two colonies that were ?toi —
worms, etc. We destroyed hives and all.

3. What ought one to pay, and what kind of hives ?

4. When ought they to be moved to gather honey this
season ?

5. What supplies besides the bees will it be necessary to
have at the start ? Will you tell me what I should look up

June 18, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

393

in the"ABCof Bee-Culture?" I fail to interest myself
to open at random. I am such a busy woman.

I hope I am not asking too much.

Mrs. J. J. Garkison.

Van Buren Co., Mich., March 27.

P. S.— I send this written nearly two months ago, but
unmailed because the answers I'm afraid are too simple.

I enjoy our department, and wish I could contribute
from my experience. I shall try to as data come. I do
want to learn before I begin. You editors write for old
hands, not for ignorant people, or I am mistaken.

J. J. G.

Answers. — 1. Yes, I surely think it practicable to pro-
vide honey for your own family. Honey is a delicious,
healthy sweet for children — for grown people as well — but I
think children nearly always crave sweets of some kind,
and honey is good for them instead of being harmful as are
candy and sweets of like nature. Even with hands already
full, you can no doubt find time to care for two or three
colonies of bees, and the time spent with them will be a
restful change for you — perhaps just what you need, a
blessing as well as a profit.

2. If in movable- frame hives, remove the cover and lift
out the frames to examine them. Italian bees will usually
protect themselves against the ravages of the worms. Black
bees are not so good in that respect.

3. It is not easy to give a satisfactory answer to this
question, so much depends upon circumstances, and prices
vary so much in different localities. It may be well to find
out what bees can be secured for in movable-frame hives
near home, and compare prices with those who advertise
bees for sale, then you may be able to decide which is best.
Heavy express charges must be considered, however.

4. The sooner the better.

5. One of the first things you will need will be a smoker.
You will need for each colony, in case of a swarm, a hive
filled with frames, the frames to be supplied with starters
or full sheets of foundation (better have full sheets). Also
two or three supers for each colony to hold your sections, if
you work for comb honey. If you work for extracted honey
you will need hive-bodies and frames instead. If working
for comb honey you will need sections and foundation for
them. For me, a bee-veil and gloves would be indispen-
sable, but every one does not use gloves. Even if the bees
did not sting I should want the gloves to keep the bee-glue
off my fingers.

6. If you have not the time to read the whole of your
bee-book, I should advise you to look up, by means of the
index, the points that you are especially interested in, and
want information about, from time to time, such as swarm-
ing, clipping queens, putting foundation in sections, etc. I
think as you get the bee-fever your interest will grow.

Now, if these answers are not perfectly plain, don't
hesitate to write again. This department is certainly in-
tended for the beginner as well as the old hands, and it is
not the fault of the beginner herself if her needs are not
met, so long as she has the fullest liberty to ask questions ?
If things are not made plain, just write again, and please
don't worry about your questions being too simple. Others
may be having the same trouble, and the answer to your
question may be of benefit to many others besides yourself.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

]

• old Kfliable '' seeu through New and Unieliable Glass
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

OSMOSIS — HOW ABOUT IT ?

When the human skin takes oxygen from the air is it
not rather stretching the use of terms to call the process,
"osmosis?" College man might say so, but if common
" feller " said it some one would grin. A good rhetorician
usually avoids pushing his extreme verbal rights. ()ther-
wise he might get too often to the point where "Neman
understandeth him." "Osmosis much more rapid from
water to salt than from salt to water." If I understand
this correctly it is that more unsalted water will pass in
through the membrane than salted water will pass out.
Thanks to Prof. Cook for mentioning the fact.oBigJmystery

may be hid somewhere in that vicinity. Here's a wild
grape-vine in a tree. Cut it off 50 feet up and it drips
copiously for many hours. Might almost compare it to an
engine-hose. I suppose it is osmosis that does the thing;
but scientists do not claim to tell us all the why of it, I be-
lieve. A mere plant, with no animal powers, where does it
get the force, the energy, to throw fluid up that way ? Page
293.

MR. CILLEY'S forced swarming.

That's the way to talk it, Mr. Charles W. Cilley— no
natural swarm for four years, and no case of a forced
swarm deserting. When the rest can say so we will write
the word " Success " on — well, the process. Was going to
say on forced swarming, but the words stuck in my throat
somehow. Premium of five cents for a better and more
satisfactory term. Page 294.

ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS — BEE-OLOGY AND THEOLOGY.

Mr. Doolittle's last paragraph, page 295, is very sug-
gestive, indeed. The elements of success are usually many.
How prone we are to hobbyize and magnify one of them till
it hides all the others. That won't do. Unless all the
prime elements of success are put in, superfine and gilt-
edged treatment of one of them will avail but little.

Alley cells fragile ; Doolittle cells strong — seems to be
the way that matter differentiates.

Can't find much of a flaw to criticise in Mr. Doolittle's
bee-ology this time, but can criticise his theology — just a
trifle. He says the Creator pronounced the bee good,
when the text says he saw it to be good. Is this too
awfully minute ? I think not. Those of us who are try-
ing to be scripturally devout, and trying to take in
cordially the facts of modern science, too, have a big con-
tract. Are we not all just scratching around, and sticking
in our toe-nails, to accomplish the things we propose to our-
selves ? Trying to hold our devotion, our Scripture, and
our science, all three, we think of the babe trying to hold
three big oranges. We must keep our religious ideas licked
into the best shape possible in order that holding on may be
possible. A little misquotation, if it is in the direction of
greater difficulty, is big enough to object to.

FOUL BROOD IN ONTARIO.

And so when they tell us that foul brood is almost ex-
terminated in Ontario, Mr. Holtermann feels it his duty to
take the role of hold-up man. Almost too strong a word ?
All right, I suppose, to feel a little jubilant over complete
victory somewhere in sight ; but we mustn't jubilate our-
selves out of reach of the truth. Page 300.

PERFUMES TO STOP BOBBING.
" Some she gave 'lasses, and some she gave bread,

And some she gave . ''

And Ira Barber followed suit, giving one peppermint,
and one wintergreen, and one onions, etc. This to discrimi-
nate friends from foes among robbers. I would say to the
too-eager beginner, Don't go into that sort of thing unless
you are sure you need to. And don't expect it to cure ordi-
nary, battle-of-Waterloo robbing. I guess it would be effec-
tive to stop quiet, sneak-robbing if you've got that. Page
302.

KEEPING A FAMINE-SMITTEN SWARM.

Dr. Wiseman was very lucky to have his famine-smitten
swarm stay seven days, and give him a chance to feed
them. In case a swarm is beginning with nothing, and the
weather is such as plainly prevents their gathering any-
thing, they should be looked to within three days. "The ra-
tions they carry along should not be counted on for more
than that — in fact they sometimes seem to carry almost
nothing. The second evening is the correct time to give
them something. There is a choice, however, as to how
much you will feed. A half-pound feed, repeated if weather
keeps contrary, will hold them. Page 302.

RIGHT MAN NEEDED IN ILLINOIS.

Illinois now seems to have public money available to
suppress foul brood, but not in an act granting special
powers to inspectors. AH the more need to appoint just
the right man if they must rely on " speaking gently "
without any " big stick." Diseased apiary bad — diseased
apiary owned by cranky, ignorant, unreasonable man sev-
eral degrees more to the bad. Page 308.

HE RAPPED ALFALFA HONEY.

I see Pres. Crane, of the Vermonters, raps alfalfa honey-
as of flavor decidedly inferior to clover and basswood. Car-
load of it got provokingly in his path. Might it not have

394

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

tasted just a little better had there been no crowding ? I
believe some persons, not having any self-interest to pre-
judice them either way, call alfalfa honey the best. Page
309.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office ot the AmericiiQ Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Moving Bees a Long Distance.

I have decided to move 150 colonies of bees some 500 miles. Will
jou please advise me as to the best way to prepare them for shipment?
They will go all the way by rail. Can they be moved all right now, or
would I better wait until the weather gets some cooler? They will go
In one car all the way. Alabama.

Answer.— They may go all right now, having the car open enough
for ventilation, and the hives sufticiently ventilated, but it will be
safer to wait till cooler weather. If the frames are not of the fixed-
distance kind, they must be fastened so they cannot move in the hive.
The matter of ventilation is of the greatest importance, and just how
to provide that depends somewhat on the Icind used. The entire top
may be covered with wire-cloth, and if one hive is piled on another,
strips must be fastened on the lower hive so the air can get between.
The hives must be placed in the car so that the frames run parallel
with the railroad track.

Queens Going Tlirougli Excluder-Zinc.

I had five very strong colonies of bees. I put two frames of brood
with a queen in an S-frame hive with starters on six frames and queen-
excluder on the bottom hive. I left the old hive on lop, and every
queen went to the top, and they were large queens. Virginia.

Answer. — For a time it was a somewhat unsettled matter as to
the right size of perforations in excluder-zinc, and some was made
with perforations too large. Possibly your excluder was faulty In
that direction. The perforations should not be larger than one-sixth
of an inch.

Rlieumatism from Bee-Stings.

lam just getting up from a bad spell of inflammatory rheuma-
tism. The doctors said I had a close call ever to get well. The pro-
fessional doctor of this country claims it was from bee-stings, saying
that when a bee stings, the poison never comes out, and when enough
of them sting It poisons the blood. But I have argued that it was

from hard work and exposure, for I have worked very hard for the
last ten years trying to keep my work in good shape. Now, I will tell
you what I have to du, and you can see whether it is enough to cause
any man to Ijreak down. I have 300 colonies of bees, and have read
bee-books and bee-papers, trying to do my work in an up-to-date way.
I have also 15 acres of strawberries and 6 acres of blackberries and
raspberries, and 1.500 apple-trees. Do not understand me to say that I
do all this myself. Of course, there are lots of good hands, but so
many that do not do their work right that I have done too much my-
self. Of course, I did not wear a veil, and got thousands of stings,
but they did not seem to hurt me, and I have been in the bee-business
for a year.

My bees are rolling in honey, and it keeps my wife and little girls
busy making foundation and putting on supers.

I still think the "Old Reliable " is worth its weight in gold.

Arkansas,

Answer. — There have been many oases reported in which rheu-
matism has been cured by bee-stings, while others suilering from the
disease report no benefit from stings; but this is the first time I have
seen any report of rheumatism caused by bee-stings. I think your
doctor must be mistaken in the matter. With the work you have been
doing there is no need to charge your rheumatism to the bees; hard
work is all that is necessary, with no doubt some exposure mixed in.

(Lueenless Colonies— Number of Bees in a Colony
Birds-Wild Bees.

King-

1. On page 331, in Question No. 1, about queenless colonies, I
guess I did not state plainly enough what I wanted to know. It was.
What made them queenless? At this early date of March the old
queen would not be likely to fly out, would she ; Or might it have
been supersedure?

2. How many bees are estimated to be in a medium populous
colony?

3. Do you consider that king-birds do any damage, and should
they be killed?

4. I notice a number of different kinds of bees working on the
flowers here besides the honey-bee and bumble-bee. Do you think
any of these are very good honey-gatherers, and has anyone ever tried
to domesticate them? Some of them work on very small flowers that
honey-bees won't touch.

I found some white clover in bloom here on May 19, and some
dandelion the middle of April. Miohioan.

Answers. — 1. No, the old queen would not be likely to fly out
either late or early. I had an unusual number of colonies become
queenless this spring, and I don't know for certain why. Your colony
may have become queenless because of attempt at supersedure, as you
suggest, and some accident may have happened to the queen, but
there seem to be cases hardly to be accounted for in either way, and I
don't know how to account tor them.

2. At a rough estimate, perhaps 30,000.

3. The weight of testimony seems to be against them.

4. I think they have none of them been domesticated, don't sup-
pose they can be, and don't suppose they would be of any value if
domesticated. When a boy, I tried domesticating bumble-bees, but
the amount of honey obtained didn't amount to anything, and I don't
suppose any of the others would do as well as bumble-bees.

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee I
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
^1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

leetthoe^who w<irk for ua. Cow keeperBHl«ayB

e protitB. Kiwty work. We furoiBh capital. Send
enw for full line of HSmpIesand particular.

OKAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, Ills.
Mease mention Bee Journal vrhen writma

Fourth of July

rates via the Nickel Plate Road. One
fare for the round-trip, July 3d and 4th,
within 200 miles of starting point. Re-
turn limit July 6th. Chicago Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 2208. 12— 25A3t

Weather Conditions Better.

I had a fine swarm today, which I hived on
the old stand and gave the brood to growing
colonies. There is some sealed honey in one
super. The prospect here is fine. While
clover is everywhere. There is a decided
change for the better so far as the weather
conditions are concerned. K. B. McCain.

Grundy Co., ill., June 8.

Tlie Division-Board Feeder.

I wintered my bees without loss. I have
had a number of swarms, something not
known here in May. I use the division-board
feeder, and when beginners ask what kind of
a feeder to use in the Bee Journal, I wonder
that they are not told that it is the best for
slow feeding — three pints to two quarts at a
time; use it at night, and there will be no
robbing.

When I packed my bees last fall I found a
colony that cast a swarm in September and
had been robbed, but had a young queen. I
put in a division-board feeder, ran a tin tube
through the oats chafl: I use for packing on
top of the hives, down into feeder, and when

Prize =Wlnnlno

Daughters of Moore's famous long-tongued
red clover Italian Queen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tongued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees " iust roll in the honey," as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now readj to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, $1,00 each;
six, J5.00; dozen, $9.00. Selected Untested, $1.25
each; six, $6.00; dozen, fU.OO. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Cirrular free.
J. P. MOORE.

25Atf Lock Box |. MORGAN. KY.

Please mention Bee Journal "wtien ■writinR

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than ativ other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

June IS, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

395

TDousanfls oi Hives - Mlinoos ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shlpmeiit.

We are not sellinfr goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time

to send in your Bees-

• ji _tf 1~> f*^ **« wax. We are payine

paid for Beeswax. * ai-- j-;-

■ low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Tell all Poultry Troubles

t" uy. iHir poultry specialists will answer anil

FUril LINE bir SUPPLIES

Everything the best of its kind, from markers

to incubators. Oureatalo(fue wiilititerest and

profit you. Mailed free; ask for Catalogue B.

W. J. GIBSOR & CO., (Inc.) UNION STOCK TIRDS, CHICAGO.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey QueensjSi^"

1

6 12

$ 5.00 $ 9.00

7.00 13.00

11.00 21.00
th Nucleus.

Untested $1.00

Tested 1.2S

Breeder 4 00

2-f rame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00

Add price of any Queen wanted

Our bees are shipped in light shipping'-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent oat.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging' out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, IWl.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

ITAtf PEARL CITY, ILL.

and ea£y to make
if you work for ae. We wlU start you in
ousluesfi and furnish the c&pltaL Work
Hffht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
iloe of samples and particulars.
DRAPES PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, llli.

Boston Excursions

via the Nickel Plate Road, June 25th
to 27th, inclusive ; also July 1st to Sth,
inclusive, at popular rates. Write City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex, Chi-
cago. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 2208. 17— 25A3t

Agriculture and Golden Queens

mailed promptly on receipt of $1.00 each, or
S'J.OO per dozen. While the Goldens are of the
highest type, the daughters of a fine breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Bergamo, Italy, are sec-
ond to none. Money-order office, Warrenton,

W. H. PRIDGEN,

23A4t CREBK, Warren Co.. N. C.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■WTitlii&

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAIVt, Farwell. Mich

Please mention Bee Journal when ■writlns

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

Queens, they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, |'°pe'rior Carniolans, g°t"r.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL, MAY. JUNE.

Untested H.Meach; 6 for f 5.00 I Best monev can buy $5.00 each.

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 frr 6.00 2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested

Tested 2.00 each; 6 for 10.00 Queen $2.75

Select Tested ... . 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00 |

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

Piease mentioa Bee ioamal -wn^n wrttiiut

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This fomidation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is ihi; most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and give^ more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working M'ax into Foundation for Ca!!!! a Specialty. Beeswax
alvrays wanted at Iiigliest price.

CaUlog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DriTMER, Augusta, Wis,

we had a day the bees could fly I would go
and take off the cover to the winter-case and
run a stick down through the tin tube into
the feeder, and if I found no feed I put in
sugar syrup— three parts sugar, one part
water -hot right from the stove. I did not
expect they would live, but they did, and
came out strong last spring. I had a very
poor season last year. C. (J. Ascha.

Berkshire Co., Mass., May 31.

A Discouraging Outlook.

The big freeze of last April was followed by
fairly warm weather through May, but it was
(|uite windy a large part of the time. The
bees did quite well, however, as there was an
extra-tine dandelion bloom, and some colonies
were nearly ready to swarm; in fact, I heard
of one stray swarm a week ago. But the last
week or 10 days it has been excessively rainy,
and now it is cold and cloudy, with the bees
destitute of honey. Many of the best colones
are running out drones, while the ground is
getting white with clover bloom.

Truly, the prospects of no honey crop can
" go glummering " more easily than that for
honey, and yet " Hope springs eternal in the
human heart," especially it it is a bee-keep-
er's heart. For let the present be never so
barren, cheerless or dreary ; the glorious pros-
pects for " next year" still, still loom ahead.
E. S. Miles.

Crawford Co., Iowa, May 31.

Cause of Foul Brood.

Out of 90 healthy colonies on May 1, fully
60 are more or less affected with what I take
to be foul brood, the first I have had in the
yard. It appeared in the home yard and in
"the new yard at another place, where I have
most of the bees.

I watered the bees in a trough, and as a
number of them got drowned in it, this
made the water smell Ijefore I cleaned it or
them out as the weather got warm. The dead
brood and combs smell the same as the water
did. Might this not be foul brood ;

I wish to know first the cause of foul brood,
but the "Smart Set " are wholly ignorant of
the cause. Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture"
has " Foul Brood and Its Cause" indexed,
but says not a word as to the cause. It
doesn't even say that they do not know the
cause. There is a good, big field for the dis-
covery of the cause, and an important one,
too.

Bees wintered well, and are in fair condi-
tion. Rain is much needed, with a higher
temperature. D. C. Bacon.

Bradford Co., Pa., .lune 1.

Too Rainy for Bees.

Bees are breeding up very well, but are
quite short in stores, as the fruit-bloom is all
frozen. We have had rainy weather here
since May 10, with some very hard, washing
rains, and it is still raining, so the bees can
not fly much. White clover is blooming
abundantly. D. E. Evers.

Otoe Co., Nebr., May 30.

Alfalfa Honey in Wisconsin.

I saw in the last Bee .Journal, in " Our Bee-
Keeping Sisters' '' department, the statement
that there has never been any report of alfalfa
yielding honey east of the Mississippi River.
I believe Dr. Miller made the same statement.
Now. I want to say to them that we have pro-
duced thousands of pounds of alfalfa honey
right here in old Wisconsin. We have lots
of alfalfa, and get lots ot honey from it, as
our State Inspector, N. E. France, will testify.
We have plenty of white clover and an abun-
dance of sweet clover and basswood. But we
get very little honey, as a rule, from the bass-
wood. ' Alfalfa has been raised here for years,
standing the winters well, and making the
best of fodder for stock.

Now, don't say a word aliout this to any
one except Dr. Miller's family, for this locality
is already overstocked with bees. We (my
boy and myself) will run over 200 colonies
this year to extracted honey, which will he

396

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

marketed in our hometown. We have been
years educating the people to extracted honey,
and can now dispose of our entire crop of A
No. 1 clover and alfalfa honey at tip-top
prices. I have lately had occasion to travel
over a large part of the State, and find that
bees, on the average, have wintered well, and
the prospect is good for the coming season.
R. K. Dte.
Fond du Lac Co., Wis., June 2.

Very Dry in the East.

I wrote you some time ago how well my
bees wintered. 1 write you again how they
came through the spring. I have lost about
50 colonies, and have 100 now, with not over
100 quarts of bees in the lot, and very little
brood. I have ?5 very good colonies, but they
are getting poorer every day. There are very
few bees flying in the yard — nothing for them
to get. My bees did not lack honey, but the
wind has been in the north most of the time
for 55 days. When the sun comes out warm
bees leave the hive, and it will cloud over and
leave the bees in the fields to perish. All the
bees now in the hives are from eggs layed the
warm spell we had in March. As near as I
can figure, there is not anything they can
gather from now. Basswood is not budded
to bloom ; blue thistle is dried up. We have
had no rain to speak of in two months. The
losses of bees so far this spring will be about
50 percent in this vicinity, with a fair prospect
of losing the rest. But it is just as bad on
the farmers. I know of several that keep
from 20 to 40 cows, and it looks as if they
would not be able to cut two tons of hay for
each. C. M. Lincoln.

Behnington Co., Vt., June 1.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

5

Spreading Brood a Two=Edged Sword.

Editor Hyde says in the Progressive Bee-
Keeper :

For localities where the honey-flow comes
late and the bees have a long season in which
to get bred up, it certainly will not pay to
spread brood, it will simply be a great loss.
In the hands of experienced men and in the
right localities and in the right seasons, there
is nothing that the bee-keeper can do that will
pay more than the scientific spreading of
brood. In the hands of the inexperienced or
in the wrong season there is nothing that will
cause more loss than spreading brood. I am
honest when I say that I believe there has
been more loss by brood-spreading than there
has been gained. But because there is loss
with the wrong parties and in the wrong sea-
sons, is no argument against it if done in the
right way and at the right time.

How Much Is a Good Queen Worth
as a Starter?

A. I. Root tells in Gleanings in Bee-Culture
about a visit in Cuba to C. E. Woodward,
who has been there three years, is now the
active partner in 2000 colonies in seven apiar-
ies, and was just filling an order for extracted
honey to the amount of ?16,000 to be shipped
to Germany. Mr. Root says :

Ernest has been pretty thoroughly criticised,
not only in Gleanings, but in other bee-jour-
nals, for suggesting that our red-clover queen
was worth $200. Now,mindyou,Iam not going
to advertise our queens this time. Friend W.
got his best queen of our veteran friend Doo-
little. He paid .¥10 for her, and then paid for
a nucleus besides to ship her in, so as to have
her come in good order ready for breeding.
He has stocked the whole apiary I saw with
queens from this Doolittle queen. The hives
are two-story, and some of them three-story.
The bees are nicely marked, gentle to handle,
and good workers.

" Friend Woodward, how much do you sup-

FURNACE HEAT

FOR FARM HOUSES

«

iilile afti

nil I

(lilt;-. ■Ill

1 the lu

We f VI

liddten

a gets
nd tlii

and pay the frtit^ht.

tfood satisfaction that they are sellinK hundreds more. As many as eleven bie rooms can be kept delitrht-
fully warm in any weather with the same fuel that two stoves would consume. The makers sell it to tha
buyers. Only one fire to look after. No dust, dirt, smoke or space tilling stoves to hi.ther with. Needa
but little attention. You will be surprised to learn how cheaply your house ran be fitted with a modern
furnace. Estimates free. Send for free booklet No. 1 7 about this furnace.

HESS WARMING & VENTILATING COMPANY. CHICAGO, ILL.

; mention Bee Journal "when "WTitln&

Excursions to Boston

June 2Sth to 27th, inclusive ; also July
1st to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel Plate
Road. Especially low rates. Liberal
return limits. Particulars at City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago. 'Phones Central S0S7 and Har-
rison 2208. 18— 25A3t

Business Queens,

Bred from best Italian honev-gathering' stock,
and reared in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be good Queens add
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6. $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal vrhen ■writlu.ff

Italian Quc^ens,

Bee& and Nuoiei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .80

One Tested Queen 1.00

One Select Tested Queen. 1.25

One Breeder Queen 2.00

Ose - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen) 1.10

Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog. J. L. STRONQ,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.

Please meutiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

SSQQSQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQSSSSQQSQSQQQSSSSQ^SQQQQSSSSSSSQQQQ

'*-"^5K<,

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Everything

FOR BEES...

Catalog with hundreds of
.NKW illustrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

AQENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

Kno.xville, Iowa.

fiease mention Bee Journal when writing

Queens Now Ready to Supply bu Return Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
75 cents ; 6 for $4.00.

which left all records behind in honey-
gathering. Untested, Sl.Oil; 6 for S5.00.
-They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others. Untested, SI. 00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Cll Uf UfCDCD 2146-2148 Central Avenue,
I III ffi ffCDCII) CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Mutli.1

Please Mention the Bee Journal Idv^rtUirf^..

Golden Italians
Red Clover Queens,
Carniolans

June 18, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

397

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements bo that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order: _^ „_

SB) los) 25ifc son

Sweet Clover Iwhitei. ...J .75 $1.40 J3.3S J6 00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhiteClover 1.50 2.80 6.S0 12 SO

Alfalfa Clover 100 1.80 4.2S 8.00

Prices subject to marlcet changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO. ILL

Bee=SuppIies I

Indiana. Send list of goods *"'

jry best ol
goods, lar-
gest stock in
anted AT ONCE

and get onr

Special Prices.

^Vree°^ C. M. SCOTT & CO..

1004 E. Washington Street,
49A26t INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Now You're Happy

it your farm is fenced with THE PAGE. Your crops

are protected, vour stocli safely enclosed.

eXUK WOVEN WIUK KESCE tO..AIIUUN.MICII.

The DaDZ. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. I. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods yon want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT &. SON,

lOAlTt BELL BRANCH. MICH.

Pleas© mention Bee Journal -when writing.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

I Boys, Girls, old and youQK alike,

I make money working for us.

We furnish capit&l to start yoa in basl.

UM. Send OB lOc tUmpsor sllTer for full IcstmctloDS and a line of

■mplMtoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CCCUcajoJU.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's;, and Seleci,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3Ji miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

To Boston and Return at One Fare

for the round trip from Chicago via
Nickel Plate Road, for Christian Sci-
entists' meeting in June. Tickets on
sale June 25th, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug. 1st. Stop-
over at Niagara Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for detailed information.
'Phone Central 2057. 6— 22A5t

pose thai Doolittle queen has been worth to
you— that is, how much money has this apiary
given you l)foause of the fact that every queen
is of that Doolittle strain instead of beinfT of
the hit-and-miss kind which most of the
Cuban bee-lcivpers get along with ! Haven't
you actually saved $200, the price Ernest put
on our choice (|ueen ?

"Why, Mr. Root, that Doolittle queen has
been worth ./ice hundred dull<irx to me, count-
ing the queens I have reared from her that
have been used to stock others of our apiar-
ies; and I am testing some of her daughters
with the view of using them for breeders
when she is gone."

Now, friend Woodward may have been a
little extravagant in the above; but I will
leave it to our veterans in bee-culture — is it
not possible that a bee-keeper can be benefited
to the e.xtent of hundreds of dollars b3' slnrl-
itiij biisinixs with a queen that is superior as a
breeder!

Strong Colonies for Wintering.

Kepler found that that the ratio of squares
and cubes determined the distances of the
planets and their periodic times, but long be-
fore Kepler's day the bees found that the very
same ratio, /. c, the proportion of volume to
surface would enable them in cluster to sur-
vive the winter. They lound that as they in-
creased the size of their clusters the radiating
and cooling surfaces proportionally dimin-
ished, and if they made their clusters large
enough, and the cooling areas small enough,
and they could find food to eat, they could

FREE=

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
■smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of unl*
form 'Width at all times
they are nnequaled lor
ruling' purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
hller and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $3.00; or send
?1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

'^Z"' QEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Adel ^aeens aod Bees.

All my Queens are reared by the (food old-
fashioned system — the way they were reared
when all queens lived three years— the bees
stored Iota of honey and gave such great satis-
faction. These Queens are large, hardy, and
reared from the best honey-gathering strain I
ever saw. Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.

fine ciueen,$1.0»; 3 queens, $3.75; 6 queens,
J5.i«i; U .|ueens, $9.00. My new boolc on Queen-
Rearing given to all who purchase three or
more queens. Send for Catalog.

20Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham. Mass.
Please meutlon Bee Journal wbea 'nntiBS

Saratoga Excursion

July Sth and 6tli, at S17.4.5 for the round
trip, via Nickel Plate Road. Final re-
turn limit July 20th. Three trains
daily to New York City and Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 'Phone Central 2057. 11— 2SA3t

Wanted ai Once

age, experience, and wag^i

" W. HIGKOX, Berthoudrcolo:

Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinv

An Assistant
Apiarist. Ad-
dress, stating-
desired.

WE INVITE allreadersof the Amer-
ican Bee Jodrnal who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate

MouniUnlonGoileoe

gOur motto in all departments is "Max-
imum etficiency at minimum cost."
gOur scholastic training is equal to the
._ best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
52 penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
« ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co-
6 education, health conditions, moral and
% religious influence, superior.
j2 Send for catalog.

« MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,

& Alliance, Ohio.

Wease mention Bee Jouruai -wnen -wTitine.

r'alifrtfnia t It yon care to Icnow 01 its
WaillUrilia. 1 Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltnral and Agricnltnral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely lllnstrated, $2.00 per annnm. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,

330 Market Street, • San Francisco, Cax.

Flease mentioiL Bee Journal "wlien "WTitiiis

"What Happened toJ[ed^

BY ISABELLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuaate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen ■writing

PREli FUK A Munin....

If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the beat
Sheep Paper published in the United State*.

Wool 9Iarkets and Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir6t,foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7 Write to-day.
WBOL MARKETS AND SHtEP. CHICABO- III.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writingi advertisers.

398

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

defy the " freezing, bitter sky." They found
that the loss of heat from their clusters was in-
versely as their diameters, and that an eight-
inch cluster had twice the advantage of a
four-inch cluster in retaining its heat, and a
four-inch cluster four times the advantage of
a one-inch cluster, but for reasons to be ad-
duced hereafter, the larger clusters will be
shown to have a much greater advantage.

The old bee-kee]>ers, with their straw-skeps,
found out that two colonies united for win-
tering would consume less than even one
colony. They did not understand this, but as
they increased the size of the clusters by add-
ing more bees, the loss of heat from the clus-
ter must have been greatly diminished, and
this, no doubt, is the true explanation.

It is certain that the more bees that can be
safely wintered in a colony the more honey
will that colony store in the coming season ;
and it is about equally certain that bee-keep-
ing is about to advance in the direction of
larger clusters.— A. W. Smyth, M. D., in
Irish Bee Journal.

Time Needed for Pressing Out Wax.

In the experience I have had pressing wax,
it has appeared to me that timi' is one of the
most important factors — a factor that has
not been sufficiently emphasized. If you
double your pressure and cut your time in
two, I think you'll not get as much wax. If
you give half the pressure for twice as long, I
think you will get an increase of wax. — [Right
you are, Doctor. We have learned by expe-
rience that it is not tonsof pres.sure, but a mild
pressure exerted often or continuously, that
does the work. The free wax must have tiini'
to disengage itself from the mass of foreign
matter; and a high pressure in a short time
will not accomplish as much as a low pressure
applied intermittently; but each intermittent
pressure should be a little harder than the one
preceeding; that is to say, the mass of slum-
gum should be reduced in size a little at a
time. One may say it takes time to do all
this. That is true; but at the present price
of wax it pays to take the time, especially
if taken in bad weather or at night. — Editor. |
— Stray Straw in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Getting Pollen Out of Combs.

In (ileanings in Bee-Culture is given a con-
versation between G. M. Doolittle and a vis-
itor who asks what to do with combs filled
with pollen. Mr. Doolittle advises giving
such combs to the bees, if the pollen be in
good condition. The conversation then con-
tinues, the visitor leading:

" But a part of the combs containing pollen
have been off the hives for three or four years,
and it seems to have hardened la the cells, so
I judge the bees can not remove it."

" I have had a few combs like these, and I
place such in tepid water, and allow them to
remain thus for a few days, when the pollen
will all be soaked soft ; and by putting them
in the extractor after this, the most or all of it
can be thrown out. I have so few that 1 do
not wish to dirty up the extractor for them.
I shake what I can out of the combs after the
soaking process, when the combs are put in
sweetened water tor a tew hours, and then
given to the bees, which will clean them up
as good as new. In fact, I think this the bet-
ter way to work at all times, as it incites the

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Bluder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this *'Bmerson" no further binding la neces-
■arr.

OEORae W. YORK & CO..

144 & 14« Erie Street, CHICAGO II<L.

FOR THE BEST

HIVES, SraOKERS, EXXRACXORS, POUWOAXIOi^-

AND ALI

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPEIES,

ss, I_,E J^HIT nvwdnno-. OO.

ville, 1730 S. 13th Street,

Omaha, Neb.
Please mention Bee Journal ■w>'en '

Cliristian Scientists'

meeting in Boston, June 28th to July
1st. It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain rates applying- over the Nickel
Plate Road before purchasing else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27. Final return limit Aug. 1.
Call on or address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc. 'Phone Cent-
ral 2057. 7~22A5t

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
J for a year at $1.00; or for gl.lO we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

CLEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesday. fluQ. 12tti, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.

(5pend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Ivos Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car —

Friday,

flUQUSt 14tli,

10 D.m.

Round Trip— Los Angeles, So".^d"un;»octXer',.sth,
San Francisco, L^„^t^.°.^..'*°""=^ $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, S2.00.

, M. CONNELL,
aen. Agt.

SANTA FE '°Sh',:

Marshfleld Mannfadnrlng Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BBE-
SUPPI^IES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

A26t Please mention Bee Journal wten •wntina

June 18, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

399

bees to activity, cleans the combs, and pro-
duces more brood than would otherwise be
reared."

" I thought of throwinj? these combs con-
taining old pollen into the solar wax-extrac-
tor, and not trying to save them, even if I did
preserve those having no pollen."

" I would not do this, even did I intend to
melt these combs."

■' Why f Is not that the best way to get the
wax from them J "

" It is the best way to get no wax from
them. I tind that where there is much pollen
in combs thus melted, said pollen will absorb
all the wax there is in these combs, and quite
a little more from other combs which may be
in with this. Since discovering this fact I am
careful how any pollen is allowed to go into
the solar wax-extractor, as pollen is a great
absorbent of melted wax."

" How would you render such combs
then?"

'■ If combs containing much pollen are to be
rendered for wax it should be done by means
of boiling water, as the water in agitation
from boiling dissolves the pollen as well as to
liquefy the wax, thus allowing the wax to
escape without being absorbed by the pollen."

The use of xweiteiinl water to get the bees to
clean up the combs is perhaps new, and seems
an excellent idea.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with .July 1, for three months we
will close our oflice and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other tlrms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas.— The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at Collefft- Station,
Texas, July 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet your fellow-men, and talk. Ex-
hibits of all kinds of stuff. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums.
You are invited. Besure to bethere. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Scholl, Sec.

$

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

with the first t-'i yon
uhf til Lu BiHrL yuu in a prood paying busi-
if 8S. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
ind directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, Ilia.

$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00

via Nickel Plate Road, occount meet-
ing' of Christian Scientists, June 2Sth
to July 1st. Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open return limit of June
28. By depositing tickets with Joint
Agent in Boston on July 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and payment of fee of 50c., extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained. Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in either direction, without extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Three trains daily.
Through vestibuled sleeping - cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road ; also meals
a la carte. Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for reservation of sleep-
ing-car space and other information.
'Phone Central 2057. 8— 22A5t

Please mentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

BEE-BOOKS

.si:. NT POSTl'AID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— Ttiis book contains 328 pages,
is pound in haiulsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found ia the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, SI. 00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive ami helpful as a guide iu bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. '2S6 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19lh thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadaut. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It tVcats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 320 pages, bound iu
cloth. Price, SI. 20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 40O en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound Iu cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, GO cents.

Bees an<l Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
IBO pages. Price, in cloth. To cents ; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 35 cents.

Apiaxy llegister, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. How ard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. —Result of 25 years" experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire.— It; Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Briiod, by A. R. Kohnke. — Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

.MAKKKT QtlOTATIONS

Chicago, Juae 5.— The market is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices. Best
grades of white exti acted, 5J^to<. cents; amber,
5@5%c. Comb honey is held at 15c for choice
white, and anything- not grading- up to meet
this requirement sold at 3®5c less per pound.
Beeswax. 32c. R. A. Burnett dc Co.

Kansas City, June 9. — No comb honey in our
market. White or light amber would sell
quickly at J3.50 for 24-section cases. Demand
light for extracted, at from 5%@b%c. Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling-,
light, 15c; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7J^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.
H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5J«@*>Jic in barrels; white
clover, S@9c; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, I5©16c for fancy. Beeswax, 3-Oc.

Thb Fred W. Muth Co

New York, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll(al3c, according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Kxtracied, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.

HiLDRBTH & SbOBLKBN.

Cincinnati, June 8.— We have reached the
time when there is no settled prices in the
honey market. Everybody is waiting to learn
how the crop will turn out, therefore we will
sell or ask the old price; fancy water-white
comb brings lS@16c. Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, 5li(&5j4c', in cans, 6@65^c; white clover,
S(ai><%c. Beeswax, 30r. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

San Francisco, Apr. 29.— White comb honey,
12@12Lfec; amber, 9(flii0c; dark, 7@7Hc. Ex-
tracted, white, 6%@~c: light amber, 5M@6c;
amber, S^fl'S'^c: dark. 4(q-43^c. Beeswax, good to
choice, light. 27@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Last year's product has been tolerably well
cleaned up, particularly the desirable stock.
Present offerings are largely odds and ends, in-
cluding little of fine quality. Values for the
time being are little more than nominal. A
lower range of prices is looked for on coming
crop.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Joumai -wheu •WTitinfic

WANTED !

California Comb Honey in car-lots, it

will pay you to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

24Atf Ma.nz.inola, Colo , or Fairi ield. III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146 4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

400

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 18, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
JD the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy ot us yoii
trill not be disappointed.
^Ve are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼ ▼▼▼▼■▼▼▼▼▼"▼■▼■•

ilease mentloii Bee Journal -when -wntuxa.

Fourth of July Excursion

over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for the round-trip, within a radius of
200 miles from starting point. Tickets
on sale July 3d and 4th, with return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in each direction between Chicag-o,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York, Boston,
and intermediate points. Every facil-
ity offered for the comfort of the trav-
eling public. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35c to SI. 00, and
meals a la carte, in dining-cars on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208,
13— 2SA3t

Root's Supplies at their

Bee-Keepers, Remember f

that the freight rates from Toledo w
are the lowest of any city in the tT.S. »

We sell %

f

4

4

♦

f

A

4

♦

I Factory Prices * * * * *

4 Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

plements a specialty. Send for our
^ free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and

A Beeswax wanted.

T GRIGGS BROS.,

T 214 Jackson Avenue,

I TOLEDO, OHIO.

14A13t

Please meuti(

I thi

Bee Jourr

al.

I $300,000,000.00 A icAti

' and you may have part of it It you work
for UB. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that BUm. Send 10c for Bamples and partic-
ularp. We furnlBh capital to start you in

_ ' bi.siness. Draper PnbllBbla{Co.,Chlca{0,IU.

Please mention Bee Journal -when writing

Special Notice to Bee-Keepers ! S

BOSTON

Money in Bees lor Yc
Catalog Price on

ROOT'S SUPPLIES

Catalog for the Asking.

F. n. FflRMER, ^

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

Up First Flight.
16A13t Please mention the Bee ournal.

%ia.ji^ia,JAjamjamje,:^i,je,ja,jfi.je,ss,j^^

f^. Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^ur^-y?pirmn^e'ss?''n^„'°s'aSK''-

No LOSS. PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.

^Vhv Hrif^C •■♦■ ap\\ crt \1/r11 V Because it has always given better satls-
ryilj' UtICA 11. sen »W WCll r faction than any other. Because In as years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦I

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/is€icl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal "wrlicni "writing

I No WelI=Regulated I

^ Apiary ^

devoted to the production of comb honey should be without a HUBBARD ^

SECTION-PRESS. A number of machines have been experimented £

vpith for years past, some of these were for the folding of the sections ^

only, while some have endeavored to accomplish both the folding and ^.

attaching of the Comb Foundation in one operation. The general ver- ^

diet is that this latter class are both cumbersome and do unsatisfactory ^

work. The HUBBARD SECTION-PRESS was improved a short time *■

ago so that now it is adjustable for all regular one-pound Sections both ^

square and tall. The machine is built on the toggle-joint principle, one ^

by which great power can be applied. One is not only, by the use of a ^

Section-Press, enabled to put up Sections much more rapidly, but ^

square joints are also secured without any effort, on the part of the ^

operator ; and unless you have these square joints you are liable to *^

break some of the sections in crowding them snugly into the supers. ^

Price, $2.50 ; weight, 25 pounds. ^

Daisy Foundation Fastener |

has recently been improved. 'A new and heavier ^

plate, adjustable block for different widths of ^

sections, as well as provision for different sizes »

of sections ty changing the plates, have been ^

added. We believe for the purpose, it is the ^

very best machine sold. It is simple in con- ^

struction, easily operated, and will last a life- ^

time. Price, $1.00. Extra Plates for Danzen- ^

baker. Ideal, and regular sections, 20 cents each. ^

^

Ask vour dealer for these Machines. ^

^

TheA. I. Root Company %

Medina, Ohio, U.S.A. %

1 s

< B^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^%i^^KGo\t\l,T 5

1^ are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send ^

.^ to them lor their free Catalog. ^

NatM Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JUNE 25, 1903.

No. 26,

402

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

PUBLISHED ■WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Ghicaoo, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, bat change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership, SI.OO.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh. Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oftice of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing tor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 0 cents; two for Wc;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book [

SENT BY RETIRN MAIL. T

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold L
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with r
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORG-E W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal lJl?rSSf....

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Three Bees oo the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEEp

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the ii'aLi. Size of the Knife.]

iderlug-, be :

! to say just what name aud

Your Name on the Knife. — When

address you wish, put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies la the handle. It is
made beautifully of iudestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen* Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode- The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring--steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a grood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the ** Novelty " is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If travelinfr, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi«
tunate as to have one of the '' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a g-entleman, the knife havins
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cu(: gives a faint Idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this>eautiful knife, as liy " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending- us \hkee new stJBSCKiHKKS to the Bee Journal (with$.^-'».l We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.'>0.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO.

^WPlease allor" ■>bout two weeks for vour knife order to be filieO.

Chicago, IlL

^ERICi^^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JUNE 25, 1903,

No. 26.

(

Editorial Comments

]

Soap to Remove Propolis. — Editor Hutchinson is enthusi-
astic over the discovery of a soap called Lava soap, that is very effec-
tive in removing propolis from the fingers.

Formalin, frequently spoken of nowadays as a disinfectant of
combs affected with foal brood, is the name of a particular prepara-
tion of formaldehyde. The name furmalhi is the property of the
Schering Chemical Works, of Berlin, Germany, protected by United
States and foreign patents, and is applied to a guaranteed 40 percent
solution of formaldehyde: so that when " formalin " is bought, one
may feel sure of a reliable article of a given strength.

Start Queen-Cells in Full Colonies. — Although by proper
management the experienced queen-breeder may be able to have good
queen-cells started in miniature colonies, the average beginner will do
well to make it a rule to have all queen-cells started in full colonies.
A single frame of brood with enough bees to cover, or partially cover
It, may succeed in rearing a queen, but such queens would not gen-
erally be accepted as a gift by the experienced bee-keeper. Cells
started in a full colony are none too good for him.

Young Queens and Swarming. — It was formerly held that
if a colony had a queen of the current year's rearing, there would be
no danger of swarming that season. After the introduction of Italian
bees, whether it was the difference in bees or difference initreatment,
it was found that the rule was not reliable. It is true, however, that
there is less tendency to swarming with young queens, and it has been
held by many that a colony with a queen of the current year would
not swarm if the young queen had been reared in that hive. Even to
this, however, exceptions have been reported.

A Case of Long Caging. — M. A. Gill reports in the Bee-
Keepers' Review a case in which a queen was caged in a nucleus from
about the middle of July till the 10th of October. She was then re-
leased, found laying on the third day, and proved to be a prolific
queen. A confinement of I'J weeks in which the <iueen did not la\' is a
pretty strong argument in opposition to those who say that a queen is
seriously injured by ceasing to lay for a few days. It also militates
against the view that it is important that a queen should be allowed
to lay to the fullest possible extent during the first year of her life.

for the

Untwisting that Twist.— A friend who is solicitous
harmony of the force upon the Bee .lournal, writes:

'■ There seems danger of the editors of the ' Old Reliable ' getting
twisted up into a snarl over that twisting of the hive-cover, as appears
in the closing words of our sprightly Afterthinker, page '-M)::. Why
not submit the matter to arbitration, and let me be chairman I'f the
arbitration committee? I should rule that both are right.

" On page 276 the supposition is that a cleat is on the end of the
board, that cleat so rigid that it does not in the least swerve from a
straight line. Now, suppose that 2.S-inch board twists so th;it while
one end of the cleat rests on the hive the other end is raised. luaking

at the middle a crack of a iiuarterof an inch. It is clear that the
crack at the end of the cleat will be just twice as much, or ,'j inch.
But on page 'Sii'i no such rigid cleat is supposed. The end of the
board is cleated so feebly that the end of the board is allowed to twist-
at its will, and instead of remaining in a straight line it will form a
curve, and the quarter of an inch at the middle may become more
than an inch at the end. See?"

There is no need of anxiety lest there be strained relations among
the workers on this periodical. Rather than any hard feelings, either
side would be willing to concede any kind of a cleat, or no cleat at all.
But it appears quite clear that we may look from different standpoints.

Don't Start Queen-Cells in a Time of Dearth. — To get

the best kind of queen-cells conditions should be as encouraging as
possible. The fact of queenlessness is all the discouragement the bees
ought to be called on to endure. When bees start preparations for
swarming, if the weather turns bad so that no nectar can be gathered,
the probability is that preparations for swarming will cease, and the
incipient cells be torn down. Don't try to have cells reared at a time
when bees would be discouraged from swarming. If, however, there
be no nectar coming in, while the weather is at the same time favor-
able, the lack of forage may be helped by feeding thin syrup every
night or every other night.

Non-Swarming Chamber. — The Simmins plan of preventing
swarming by allowing constant opportunity for building comb below
the brood-nest has been considerably in vogue in England, although
for some reason no great success has been reported with it in this
country. A non-swarming chamber is thus referred to by the British
Bee Journal:

The non-swarming chamber is placed below the body-box primarily
to give the bees room and occupation in comb-building, but when they
have got started well at work the extra chamber, bees and all, is re-
moved and placed above the brood-nest, when it becomes the surplus
chamber for honey-storing ; and by providing plenty of storage-room
overhead in this way swarming is prevented.

One Way of Starting Queen-Cells. — The novice is likely
to feel that the matter of rearing queens is so difficult that he dare not
undertake it. Although other ways may be better for the profes
sional queen-rearer, here is a way by which the veriest tyro may rear
a few queens of particular stock and of good quality :

Look through your choice colony till you find the queen. Take
the frame of brood on which you find her with its adhering bees, and
put it, queen and all, in an empty hive, and add to it from the same
colony another frame of brood and bees. That's all ; the bees will do
the rest. You have simply made the colony queenless, and the bees
will proceed to rear a number of queen-cells that under proper condi-
tions will be as good as the best. In nine days from the removal of
the queen the cells may be cut out and used wherever desired.

A Busy Bee-Keeper ! — The other day we received the follow
ing from one of our subscribers :

" Please stop the American Bee Journal, as I can not get time to
open them, let alone to read them."

We may be wrong about it, but we think that any bee-keeper who
is too busy to read his bee-paper is altogether too busy to fool with
bees any at all. We can not sec how a bee-keeper can put an hour or
two each week to any better advantage than reading a tjee-paper —
that is, if he cares anything about inaliing a success with bees. Some-

404

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

times a single item or article in any of the bee-papers is worth more
than the subscription price for 10 years. Of course, we mean it is
worth that if it is put into use by any live, up-to-date bee-keeper.

The fact is, that nearly all of us can find time to do whatever we
really want to do. And it is truly so of the busy man— no matter how
busy he is, he can always find time to do one thing more. It is usually
the lazy, poky fellow who never has time for anything; and he is
generally not asked to do anything, because those who know him best
know that he never gets anything done.

Cure for Bee-Paralysis.— Many cures for bee-paralysis have
been given, their authors confident of their efficacy, but upon further
trial success did not follow. One reason for confidence in cures that
do not cure is that frequently the disease disappears of itself, and
then whatever remedy was last tried has the credit for the cure. In
the hope that something, some time, may prove successful, it is well
to give new remedies as they are offered. Here is one given in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture:

I dug a ditch six inches wide and three inches deep in front of
this hive, the ditch extending around to the sides of the hive. It is
necessary for the hive to st-.ind very close to the ground. The healthy
bees will drag the diseased ones out and fall into this ditch, and have
to leave the sick bee there, for it can't fly out; and all the sick bees
that crawl out of their own accord will fall into this pit and can't get
out, 60 you have these diseased bees trapped. 1 go out every evening
and take up these dead bees, and burn them, destroying the disease-
germ, hence I effect a cure. I have tried this remedy several years, and
have never failed yet to cure a colony thus treated; in fact, I would
not be in the bee-business to-day if I had not discovered this remedy.
It usually takes about ten days to effect a cure.

Association Notes

Mr. J. Q. Smith, of Lincoln, 111., has been appointed as Inspector
of Apiaries for Illinois, as will be seen by the following:

Route 4, Springfield, III., June 19, 190:-i.

Editor American Bee Journal: — The Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association met yesterday (June IS) at the State House, for the
purpose of naming a foul brood inspector for two years, to carry out
the provisions of the late Act of the Legislature. Mr. J. Q. Smith, of
Lincoln, 111., was chosen as such inspector.

It was the voice of the meeting that while the Act was in favor of
the State Bee-Keepers' Association, all bee-keepers whose bees are
affected with foul brood should have the attention of the inspector
free of charge to them, except his entertainment; but that those who
become members of the State Association should have the preference.

It was also the voice of the members present, that those who be-
came members by paying their fee of $1.00 to the Secretary, would secure
also a membership in the National Association for one year.

Jas. a. Stone, .SVc

Now, those whose bees are diseased can call on Mr. Smith any
time after July 1st, the date when the law goes into effect.

Every bee-keeper in Illinois should send his dollar to Secretary
Stone at once, so as to get in line for the State Inspector in case he is
needed. The same dollar will also pay a year's membership in the
National. Better join at once, if not now a member of the State
Association.

The National Convention in California.— Editor Root is
quite enthusiastic about the matter. Having been over the ground
embraced in the trip, he knows what he is talking about. He says in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

It was suggested that we make the Santa Fe route the semi-official
one of the bee-keepers. A tourist sleeping-car could be made up
largely of bee-keepers, to start from Chicago in time to give a day's
stop-off at the Grand Canyon — probably the most remarkable scenery
of the kind the world affords. The train is then to go on to Los
Angeles, fitly named the "City of the Angels," one of the most
delightful cities I have ever visited. It is not delightful because of
its architecture, but because of the surrounding scenery and its brac-
ing climate. Cool evenings and warm days make living there most
enjoyable.

Board and lodging can be secured at very reasonable rates. In
one of the good hotels of the city I secured a room at 25 cents a night,
and board at 2.5 cents a meal, and the very best. There were other
places where I could have had accommodations still cheaper. The
bee-keepers there are a most hospitable set of fellows, and I shall not
forget some of the pleasant hours spent with some of them.

This is a good year for California; and if one desires to see the
real extent of bee-keeping possibilities in one of the fairest climes the
world affords, let him take this trip. Do not go simply because you
may get enough at the convention to pay you. but because your hori-
zon of life will be enlarged, and because, years afterward, you can live
oyer again (in memory) one of the most delightful trips you ever took.
Just think of it ! Yoa can take a car in the morning in Los Angeles,
and go to the coast and take a sea-bath. You can then come bftck to
Los Angeles and eat strawberries and pick roses. In the afternoon
you can go to Pasadena, a little city that is even more beautiful and
more perfectly laid out than Los Angeles, where the great wealth of
the East haa been poured. Indeed, it is almost a heaven on earth. An
hour's ride will take you up into the mountains, where you can get
above the clouds — yes, may take a sleighride and enjoy a good snow-
balling. Just think of it I a sea-bath in the morning, strawberries
and roses at noon, a sleighride above the clouds, and snowballing, all
ill uiie day .' Talk about going " from the sublime to the ridiculous!"
This beats anything for a rapid change of season and scenery. While
this is possible in the spring of the year, it may not be possible in
August.

But one of the most thrilling trolley-rides (dangerously near
precipices) that can be imagined is to take an electric car and actually
glide above the clouds and look down upon the valley spread out like
a panorama thousands of feet below. One can see the ocean, and the
cities of Pasadena and Los Angeles, and all the small outlying towns,
with their fine orange-groves and all the beautiful luxuriance of a
tropical climate. In short, he can see typical Southern California.

Bee-keepers, if you fail to take in a trip of this kind (and it is the
opportunity of a lifetime) you will be missing one of life's greatest

The Sparta, Mich., ordinance, referred to last week, which
declared bees in that city a nuisance, and that they must be removed
on or before May 10, was finally dropped. As soon as Mr. France
learned that the ordinance was to be passed, he sent the city authori-
ties and others plenty of literature, and letters pleading for the mem-
bers who were threatened. As soon as the ordinance was passed, Mr.
France sent Pres. Hutchinson to investigate the case, and settle, if
possible. He went, but could not then get settlement. A trial was
arranged tor, and when the city of Sparta went to Detroit to secure
legal aid, they learned that the National Association had already en-
gaged one of Michigan's best attorneys. The city officials of Sparta
then returned and dropped the case, which was much to their credit.
Another victory was thus gained for the National Association.

As reported before, there are now over 1200 members in the Asso-
ciation. In view of the excellent things (the above is an illustration)
it is doing for its members and bee-keepers in general, the membership
list should be doubled before fall. " In union there is strength."

Each bee-keeper should feel the necessity of standing by all other
bee-keepers. Only by so doing can the rights of each and all be
maintained.

Sketches of Beedomites

J

RUFUS TOUCHTON.

Mr. Kufus Touchton was tor many years a prominent bee-keeper of
Ventura Co., Calif. Hedied Oct. 0, 1902, after a weary struggle against
the grim destroyer. Death. The local newspaper, published where he
lived, said that his was an upright, conscientious life, ever performing
the duties set before him, in domestic and public relations, in a man-
ner that won him hosts of friends and the admiration of all. As one
of the Supervisors of the county he served his constituents in an effi-
cient manner. He was always a strong temperance man, and in anti-
saloon contentions he stood faithfully by his own convictions and the
promises he had made to his people.

Mr. Touchton was a native of Maryland, having been born in
Havre de Grace in l.s.52. He went to California in IS'o, and located
near Santa Paula. He engaged in bee-keeping and honey-production,
and was considered one of the best apiarists in that State.

In 1S94 Mr. Touchton was elected Justice of the Peace in Santa
Paula, and served four years. In 1S9S he was chosen Supervisor from
his district.

A large concourse of people attended the funeral services, thus
showing their esteem for their departed friend and neighbor.

The foregoing biographical notes were furnished us by Jno. G.
Corey, a venerable bee-keeper of the locality in which Mr. Touchton
resided so long. This short sketch should have appeared long ago, but
was not furnished us until early this year, and has been overlooked.

June 25, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

405

[ Convention Proceedings ]

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page 391.)

Pres. York— We have spent a good deal of time on this
subject, and Mr. Moore has an article somewhat along this
same line. After he has read it, we will take up the question-
box. We will now listen to Mr. Moore :

THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL, AND THE DUTY OF
AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS.

The future of the National Bee-Keepers' Association is
a theme that is of interest to all of us. Two years ago we
raised the war-cry of "1000 members for the National !" and
now we have it. Let us, here and now, in this Great City,
at the center of population and energy for the Great West,
raise high the cry "10,000 members for the National I"

And shall we not have it ? Is there any impossibility
inherent in this high aim ? Let us consider for awhile a
few phases of the question.

The United States Department of Agriculture reported
that in this country there are over 700,000 who are engaged
in apiculture on a large or small scale.

The bee-hive factories and supply dealers are sending
out their catalogs to from 150,000 to 200,000 different ad-
dresses.

The bee-periodicals have about 25,000 paid subscribers.
Is there anything impossible or wonderful in an asso-
ciation of io,ooo members from this host of over half a mill-
ion strong.

So it is settled that we are to have 10,000 members in
our National organization in the near future. The Good
Book says, " According to your faith be it unto you ;" and
our faith is more than equal to this height.

We shall proceed to mention a few of the steps up to
the full realization of high ideals.

First, at the election for General Manager held this
month, let us elect to this high oflfice the best man in our
ranks, regardless of location, controversies, or any other
disturbing element that may seem to complicate the situa-
tion. The only one thing that should be considered is. Who
will serve the National best, and lead her up to the highest
points of success and influence? Then having recorded the
will of the majority, let our whole 1000 officers and members
go forward in the New Year, resolved to put petty differ-
ences and jealousies behind them, and work for great things
for the bee-keeping world.

Publicity and promotion are, in any business enter-
prise, of first importance. At the World's Fair held in our
city in 1893, Moses P. Handy was employed at a salary of
about 310,000 a year, and his sole function was to let the
world in all languages know what we were doing and pro-
posed to do at Chicago. No doubt the Great Fair would
have been a failure without the Bureau of Publicity and
Promotion.

We are now in the 20th Century, and 20th Century
methods must prevail.

Our opportunities are great, our field of usefulness is
large — wide as the Nation.

We must succeed grandly, or disgracefully fail ; there
is no middle ground.

We must have our " Bureau of Publicity and Promo-
tion " if we are to achieve great things.

Let every bee-paper in the land run a column in every
issue, headed, "What the National is Doing." Let the
officers, especially the General Manager, be responsible for
the supply of copy to every bee-paper in America, small and
large.

In the opinion of the writer, hundreds are waiting to
see the National do things, before putting in their dollars to
help.

You can see by the quantity of material submitted in

the annual repor' what a large amount of readable copy
could be made, and the skeptics would be speedily convinced
that the National was doing things, and could also be
trusted to do more in the future.

Therefore, let the National advertise, and advertise
largely, and I venture to say that no bee-paper in the land
would render a bill for space.

The National Association must in the future rise to a
sense of its responsibilities and privileges as never before.
It must look forward, and up, to plans and aims that may
seem now out of reach.

In nearly every State in the Union laws are made to
protect the interests of bee-keepers. It takes lots of money
to influence legislation.

Look at Illinois. No foul brood law ; no spraying-in-
fruit-bloom law. It is distinctly one of the functions of a
National organization to get laws that are needed by bee-
keepers passed in all the States.

An Association of 5000 to 10,000 members, and having
the power to levy assessments for proper objects, can raise
all the funds necessary to put needed laws on the statute
books in every State.

I am no prophet, nor even the son of one, but I venture
that there will be no lack of members and money to accom-
plish any lawful end, when bee-keepers all over the land
realize that the National is going to do things on a scale
commensurate with the size and wealth of our beloved
country.

One of the laws greatly needed is a law of Congress
forbidding the use of the word " Honey " on anything ex-
cept real honey gathered by honey-bees.

Right here I want to whisper that this is a land and an
age of majorities, and if you wish to lead it is wise to take
your hat in hand, and say to the great body of the plain
people, who finally settle everything in this country, " Sirs,
what are your wishes ?"

I will pass along to my next head :

THE DUTY OF AFFILIATED ASSOCI.\TIONS.

This was one of the greatest and wisest laws ever passed
by our governing body, allowing any association to join in
a body at half price. This has helped to the 1000 mark.
'Our General Manager will confer a favor on us all by giving
the total of members affiliated in this way since the law
was passed.

Let us not think that our duty is done when we pay our
dollar. Every member must have and feel a personal inter-
est in the work of the National. Any General Manager will
welcome letters from the members with suggestions as to
any phase of our work.

Let us talk up the National to our bee-keeping friends.
Urge them to send in their dollar right away. Tell them
they never know when trouble may come, and then it is too
late.

Suppose every one of our 1000 should be a committee of
one to get new members, does any one doubt that we could
average two new members for each old member ? and lo,
we have 3000 members ! Next year we have 27,000 members.

How important it is to get the membership aroused to
action. No one person can do it all, but " united we stand,"
and nothing is impossible for us. No argument is neces-
sary to prove that all questions are safe in the hands of the
people, and sure to be decided rightly, if the majority really
speaks. Therefore, let all aftiliated associations send in to
the General Manager nominations for all offices in the gift
of the Association.

I need hardly mention as one of our duties, to join
promptly again on expiration of membership, and remit
promptly for the same. For only with the " sinews of war "
can we do battle for the right and the interests of bee-keep-
ers. Herman F. Moore.

WINTERING BEES ON HONEY-DEW.

"Having nothing but a crop of honey-dew, how can I
winter my bees on it?"

Dr. Miller — The first thing to know is whether that
honey-dew is of the kind that kills bees. In some places
they winter successfully on it. If the questioner has had
experience with it he will know.

Pres. York— He can probably tell better next spring.

Dr. Miller — He may have tried in past years.

Mr. Wilcox — I had a very little experience with it, but I
am rather inclined to the opinion that something can be
done toward helping it by feeding sugar syrup. When that
brood hatches out, feed sugar enough until they care for
themselves, and they will get through the winter.

Mr. Watts — Some seven or eight years ago this occurred

406

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

to me : I had 120 colonies of bees all in strong condition.
That season they gathered nothing but honey-dew, the first
I ever experienced. Not being experienced at that time I
didn't know what to do. I couldn't sell the honey, and
couldn't do anything with it, and I told my wife we were
going to lose all our bees. She laughed at me ; but winter
came on ; the bees were on the summer stands ; I left a lot
of the surplus on the hives, but it was no use, in the spring
my bees were all dead except two colonies. I lost the whole
apiary. About three years ago we got another honey-dew
crop, of a mild form. I sold that honey and the bees all
died. I am afraid something will occur again, and I have
no remedy.

Dr. Miller — I believe I would give them some syrup
with the idea that they will take that first, and what they
put in last they are likely to use first, and you will at least
stand a better chance by having them use part of the sugar
syrup.

Mr. Watts — Isn't it too late now to give them sugar
syrup ?

Dr. Miller — I should say ordinarily yes, decidedly. No
sane man ought to give sugar syrup now, but in case of
their being filled up with poison, I would run the chance of
keeping them on that food.

Dr. Nussle — I would use one-tenth part of honey with
the sugar syrup, if I had to import it from a neighboring
State.

Mr. Abbott — If you have honey-dew you needn't run
any risk feeding sugar syrup. Get granulated sugar and
make a cake, and put it over the cluster, and my word for
it, the bees won't eat anything else until that sugar is all
gone. There is no reason why any bee should be fed syrup
this time of the year. It surprises me that more isn't made
out of this idea of feeding a sugar-cake. Five pounds of
sugar will run any colony of bees through the cold weather
that we have in Missouri, and which lasts during January.
It is perfectly safe, easily made, and easily fed.

Dr. Miller — I want to accept the amendment. I hadn't
thought of that. Mr. Abbott always has the cake of sugar
with him "in his head." I don't. I ought to have had it.

Pres. York — Will Mr. Abbott please explain how they
make the cakes of sugar for bees in Missouri ?

Mr. Abbott — We simply get the best grade of granu-
lated sugar and put just as little water in it as we can to
make a liquid out of it in stirring up, then boil carefully,
being careful not to burn it. My wife does it. She is the
cook at our house. I used to cook, but I quit since I got
married. She takes a little of it and drops it in cold water,
and when it grains it is time to pour it out. Pour it into
broad pans and make it about 1'. inches thick ; and as she
pours it in she stirs it a little, and that leaves little crevices
that the bees can work into. I like it in the sugar form a
little better. Then I put some sticks light over the cluster
in January, and lay the cake on that, and put a canvas or
something like that — something so there is no upper draft —
and I have wintered a good many colonies without any
honey of any sort, or anything to eat except that sugar.
They will eat right through it, and the inside out of it, and
sometimes leave a little, thin rim around it.

Mr. Wilcox— If you use crushed sugar mixed with honey
and knead it to get the right consistency, wouldn't that an-
swer just as well ?

Mr. Abbott — It would answer until it run down over the
bees.

IMPROVING BKB-PASTURB.

" How can I improve my bee-pasture ?"

Dr. Miller — Sow sweet clover and catnip.

Mr. Wilcox — We have improved our honey-pasture won-
derfully by sowing alsike clover. The farmers sowed it for
' the seed and found it profitable, and it is equally profitable
for the bees.

Dr. Miller — Will alfalfa yield honey where you live ?

Mr. Abbott — Yes, sir.

Dr. Miller — It doesn't in this locality.

Mr. Abbott — This must be a funny country.

Dr. Miller — I have been making inquiries for several
years about it. Which side of the Missouri River do you
live ?

Mr. Abbott— I live on this side.

Dr. Miller— It is the first case yet reported that I have
heard that alfalfa was sown along the Missouri River. I
have been looking for this. They are telling us now at the
experiment stations that we can have alfalfa grow and suc-
ceed in the State of Illinois by inoculating some of the soil,
and I have been looking for that time to come.

Mr. Johnson— This is the plan that I have formed for
the coming season : I went around to the neighbors and

agreed to supply them with one to five pounds of alfalfa
seed at 25 cents a pound, and supply a small amount of in-
oculated soil. I can get it from the West from an uncle of
mine. They are anxious to have it, and I see no reason
why it shouldn't grow. I sowed one alfalfa patch. It takes
about three years before it does anything, but it finally did
well. I think it developed the germs itself. I think any
alfalfa would finally develop those tubercles. Alfalfa is a
clover, and in the diflferent seasons it will yield here as well
as anywhere. Sweet clover was a failure on account of
being too wet.

Dr. Miller — Did you have your bees working on it ?

Mr. Johnson — No. I did not.

Mr. McOueen — I have a patch of the alfalfa about half
way to Elgin, and the bees worked strong this year. They
did nothing with it last year.

Mr. Green — I am afraid Dr. Miller has not been reading
his beepaper thoroughly. There was a report from South
Carolina of bees working very heavily on alfalfa there, but
it was said they did not work the first year it bloomed.

Mr. Hutchinson — Is your patch on high or low ground,
Mr. Johnson ?

Mr. Johnson — It is not on low ground. It is on the side
of a hill.

A Member — Alfalfa has to have well-drained ground.
It has to have ground where water doesn't stand, ground
where the rain can penetrate. It doesn't do well on heavy
clay. On clover ground it will give honey in this country.
I am going to try it next year.

Mr. Johnson — Nobody has tried alfalfa in this part of
the country long enough — haven't had it long enough to
decide that it doesn't produce honey. It takes a long while.
It is on account of the bacteria, and I believe it will develop
bacteria itself, and then it will produce honey.

Dr. Miller— I shall be glad to believe that. What about
wild cucumber as a honey-plant ?

Mr. Hutchinson — Bees don't work on it in this part of
the country. I haven't seen a single bee on it.

Mr. Green — I watched them two years and saw only a
couple, and they were gathering pollen.

Mr. Hutchinson — Near Dr. Gandy, in Nebraska, they
get large crops of cucumber honey.

Dr. Miller — Is that the sanle thing ?

Mr. Hutchinson — I don't know.

Dr. Miller — As I understand it, the kind of wild cucum-
ber we are talking about, the sack is about as large as a
butternut. There is a plant that the bees work on that
looks like wild cucumber. We may be talking about differ-
ent things. This pod, the seed is not like this at all. It is
larger a good deal than this, the kind of wild cucumber we
are talking about. There are only two seeds inside the
pod, and they drop out and the cucumber dries up. We
are talking about two different things.

PREVENTING PROPOLIS ON THE HANDS.

" While extracting how can I prevent propolis on my
hands ?"

Pres. York — Someone might suggest wearing mittens !

Mr. Wheeler — Wash your hands in kerosene.

Pres. York — The question is. How can I prevent ?

Mr. Wheeler — Let some one else do the work.

Mr. Moore — Don't keep bees.

Mr. Abbott — You can prevent that sticking to your
hands by oiling with sweet-oil, or something of that kind. I
always oiled my hands before I began work.

Dr. Nussle — Oil or glycerine will prevent it from stick-
ing to the hands to a great extent.

Mr. Wheeler — You can take it ofl' very quickly with
kerosene.

(Coatiuued next week.)

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3'2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample for 2 cts.; 10 for 10 cts.; 25
for20cts.; 50 for 35 cts.; 100 for 65 cts.; 250 for $1.50; 500
for $2.75 ; 1000 for $5.00. If you wish your business card
printed at the bottom of the front page, add 25 cts. to your
order. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. ZIZTl

June 25, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

407

Contributed Articles

]

Shaken or Forced Swarms
Answered.

Questions

BY ADRIAN GETAZ.

I SHOOK a few swarms several years ago. The object I
had in view was not to make swarms but to prevent them.
The plan was to take all the brood out, put it on a new
stand, and return it to the parent hive in five or sis days.

As to preventing swarming, it was a complete success.
None of the colonies thus treated offered to swarm. But
the plan is otherwise objectionable, viz.:

1st. To carry it out on a large scale, it would be neces-
sary to have a number of extra hives, which would involve
a considerable cost.

2d. During the five or six days that the brood was ab-
sent, the parent colonies did nothing, or very little in the
sections, but worked vigorously in the brood-chambers.
And when I went to return the brood, I found the brood-
chambers about half full of crooked combs, mostly drone,
hanging from the supers. Asa matter of fact, I expected
to find some comb built in the brood-chamber, but I thought
that with plenty of foundation in the supers, the bulk of
the work would surely be done there. The locality, or
rather the strength of the honey-flow, may have something
to do with the results.

3d. The queens will go in the sections unless prevented
by a honey-board. A honey-board is a nuisance, anyway,
and also an expense.

4th. Some pollen was carried in the sections. I don't
know how it could be prevented. The locality may have
some bearing on this point.

MODERATE INCREASE.

A plan that will prevent swarming and secure a moder-
ate increase consists in taking one comb of brood out of
each colon}' every few days and replacing it with a comb of
foundation. If the object is merely the prevention of
swarming, the operation should be repeated as often as
necessary, so as to furnish the queen enough room to lay.
That may be as often as every fifth day, or perhaps only
every tenth day, according to the size of the brood-chamber,
the prolificness of the queen, the honey-flow, and other con-
ditions.

As long as the queen has enough empty comb to lay in,
there will be no swarming unless the queen is failing, or
unless the lack of shade and ventilation renders the situa-
tion intolerable.

It will not do to put in an already built comb ; the bees
would often fill it with honey before the queen could lay in
it. The reverse takes place when the foundation is given.
But it is necessary even then to replace but one comb at a
time, otherwise a portion of them would be filled with
honey, as the queen could not lay in them fast enough to
occupy them before the cells would be long enough to hold
honey. I suppose that an already built comb shaved down
would do as well as foundation, but I have not tried it.

Keeping in view the above experiments, I think I can
answer some of the questions asked in a recent number of
this paper.

WHEN TO SHAKE THE BEES.

Right here it must be remembered that a colony which
will not attempt to swarm will do better if left undisturbed.
The trouble is, we do not know in advance which will not
swarm and which will. The plan suggests itself to watch
the colonies and " shook " those that begin to prepare for
swarming. The trouble is, that in order to carry out this
plan, it would be necessary to inspect carefully each colony
every fourth or fifth day. That is entirely too much work.

The only plans that remain are to treat all the colonies
just before the swarming season, or put queen-traps on all
(or clip the queen), and treat only those that actually swarm.
If the locality and other conditions were such that the
majority of the colonies were likely to swarm, I would ad-
vise the first plan, otherwise I would prefer the second.

COMB FOUNDATION OR WHAT?

What shall we put in the brood-chamber, foundation or
drawn combs? In view of the experiments stated above, I

should say, emphatically, not drawn combs, by any means.
The bees would liU them with lioney at once. Starters will
not do. Too many drone-combs would be built. Full sheets
of foundation should be given.

CONTK ACTION.

This is a point on which I have no experience and can
only suggest. If other people's bees do like mine did, they
would work nearly altogether in the brood-chamber, rebuild
it, and nearly entirely neglect the supers.

I would suggest to contract the brood-chamber to three
combs, so that the majority of bees would be compelled to
work in the supers. Then as soon as three combs are oc-
cupied, add one or two more ; and when these are occupied,
add again, and so on. It would not do to leave the brood-
chamber much contracted all the time, because the swarm-
ing fever might start again.

SHALL WE LEAVE A COMB OF BROOD?

No, unless it is sealed brood. After the bees have once
begun to build queen-cells, they will keep it up as long as
the circumstances are favorable, and there is unsealed
brood. There must be a forced interruption of some sort,
either to destroy the swarming fever, or rather the queen-
cell-building fever.

SHALL WE " SHOOK " OR NOT?

In my opinion, no; decidely, no. It is far better to
keep the forces together than to divide. In shaking swarms,
the swarm (on the new stand) cannot give any surplus. The
parent colony loses the bees that are on the new stand ; be-
sides that, it' has to rebuild its brood-nest. A double loss.

But can it be done? Can we keep the forces together ?

Certainly we can. Cage the queens or requeen. In my
locality, and with my system of management, only a small
portion of my colonies swarm. The most satisfactory pro-
cess with me is to let those colonies swarm that want to, re-
turn the swarms, destroy the old queens, and let them re-
queen out of their own cells. It is very easily done by hav-
ing queen-traps on all the colonies.

A CONVENTION OF TWO.

Last winter I had a visit from Mr. Daniel Wurth, one
of our best queen-breeders. It is hardly necessary to say
that queen-rearing in all its aspects and details was the
subject of our conversation. Mr. Wurth does not sell his
queens direct to the consumers ; he furnishes them through
the supply-dealers. He insisted on the necessity of control-
ling the drones, and having drones to be good stock. He
says it is not enough to Italianize the neighborhood and
take the chances. His method is to put one or more drone-
combs in several of his best colonies, keep them fed, and
therefore have an abundance of good drones in the apiary.
He says that if there are enough drones in the apiary, only
an insignificant number of queens will mate elsewhere.

Among other questions, I asked him if he had darker
queens in the fall than in the summer? He said he had
some occasionally, not only late in the fall but also early in
the spring. He thinks that the darker color may be due to
the queen-cells being exposed to a too low temperature.

Knox Co., Tenn.

Rearing Queens— Methods Discussed.

BY HEXKY ALLEY.

WELL, now that the umbilical-cord humbug has died
a natural death, and expired just about as quickly as
most people supposed it would, we can now discuss
subjects of more importance to the readers of this paper.

Mr. Doolittle lays a good deal of stress upon the fact
that certain things he refers to can be found in " Scientific
Oueen-rearing." Yes, they can. One thing he refers to is
the matter of rearing queens over and behind an excluder—
that is, a queen-excluder. That is in his book, no doubt ; but
it never got there till I published it in the columns of the
American Bee Journal. Many other things may be found
in •' Scientific Queen-Rearing," but they did not get there
until after they appeared in my first work on queen-rearing,
in a book entitled " The Bee-Keepers' Handy-Book." This
work, which had the largest sale of any book devoted to
queen-rearing, and contained 180 pages, is now out of print.

A perusal of this work made it quite easy for several
parties to write books on the subject of rearing queens.

The only difference, in the method of rearing queens,
between Mr. Doolittle and myself, is that he makes artifi-

408

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

cial cell-cups, and I use only those built in the natural
way by the bees themselves. Now, readers, which of the
two methods, think you, is the best ? In what respect do
artificial cell-cups have any advantage over natural cells ?
Mr. Doolittle claims to follow natural laws and natural
methods in rearing queens, yet he tells people to disregard
natural ways and adopt unnatural principles, as they are
better than the methods used by the bees themselves. What
bosh !

I first gave to the world a way of having queen-cells
completed above an excluder, and refer to back copies of the
American Bee Journal in support of this claim. I first gave
to the world a method of having queen-cells completed in
the brood-nest, while a queen was present in the colony. In
that latter case no excluder of any kind was used. Neither
of the above systems is practical, for the simple reason
that they cannot be used at all times. With the first system
good work can be done while there is a good flow of honey.
But even in this case, not as good queens can be reared as
by another method, and that is why I discarded the entire
arrangement.

If I could rear superior queens at all times, as Mr. Doo-
little says he can by the excluder system, I surely would
use it. I have tested the matter to my entire satisfaction.

Mr. Doolittle, if I remember correctly, made some ad-
verse criticism on the fact that I reared good queens with a
pint of bees. I had nothing whatever to do with rearing
any queen with a pint of bees. The bees alone are respon-
sible for the good work that was done. I merely took the
queens from a very small hive of bees, and the queen that
was introduced was destroyed, and this pint, or cupful, of
bees reared a fine queen. To have been consistent with the
ways some people do business, I ought to have destroyed
that large, fine and beautiful queen because she was not
reared in a 16frame hive by a bushel of bees. Who says a
cupful of bees won't rear a grand queen ? Let's see :

In the American Bee Journal of May 4, Mr. Doolittle
stated that he had a colony that built 174 queen-cells.
Whew! Wasn't that a lot ? Now let us dive into mathe-
matics a little and see about how many bees by measure it
took to rear those 174 queen-cells, or queens, as the case
may have been. Now, at the rate of one pint of bees to a
cell there would have been 87 quarts of bees. That is 2'.
bushels and 7 quarts of bees in all. Did any one ever see a
colony of bees that would measure 2'2 bushels ? Well, let's
call it a cupful of bees and a queen. That would have made
in measure a half pint of bees per cell. How many bee-
keepers ever saw a colony of bees that contained 87'2 pints
of bees. Now, why criticise my statement that a cupful of
bees built a queen-cell and produced a superiorqueen ? Does
not Mr. Doolittle's statement fully confirm my claim that
a cupful of bees will rear a good queen ? But I do not be-
lieve there were three good, or fairly good queens produced
in those 174 cells.

What does Nature do in rearing-queens ? Do bees build
half a hundred cells when they cast a swarm ? No, not on
an average over 12 cells, and hardly ever over 8 cells ; that
has been my experience.

Mr. Doolittle in a recent article shows where his bees did
better than mine. I really think I could fill this entire vol-
ume of the American Bee Journal in showing that my bees
did better then any other bees on earth. In all my catalogs,
in which I gave testimonials of my bees in competition with
others, I always omitted the names of the other dealer — never
considered it fair to call names in such cases. I know there
are always good reasons why some bees do better than
others, and it is not always the fault of the bees, either. We
all know that. Here is a case for the reader to consider :

A bee-man in Ayer, Mass., Italianized his apiary of 14
colonies. The bees bred up well, were very handsome and
all the hives were full of bees. The dealer from whom
those queens were obtained advertised the best strain of
Italians on earth. But these bees never would work in the
sections, and barely got a living. He sent for me to come
for the bees. When I had looked them over, I said : How
much do you want for the lot? His reply was : "Take
them out of the yard." He said they were worthless and
I could have them for nothing. Well, they were worthless,
as honey-gatherers. But I destroyed the queens and bred
the bees for forming nuclei.

Now, the fact that these queens were extra-prolific
showed that the trouble was not in the breeding, but in the
strain of bees.

Now, Mr. Doolittle and myself have sent out queens
that were no better than the above, but in my case it was
in the strain and not in breeding that caused the trouble.
Mr. Doolittle is criticising me for the same things he is

guilty of himself. Sometimes a strain of bees does not
prove to be what they gave promise of. But we all do the
best we can. I always try to beat the other fellow in the
production of the best bees and queens. The other fellow
tries to beat me. We are all in the same boat.

Mr. Doolittle, why do you say your queens are better
than mine ? Dr. Gallup, your old teacher in queen-rearing,
and a man in whom you take, or took, a good deal of stock,
says your queens are no better than mine. He said it, didn't
he, and no longer ago than last winter, in the American
Bee Journal ? Now, Mr. Doolittle, you would better go
slow on this point, as I can show as many letters condemn-
ing your queens as you can against my queens.

A few words more and I am done this time. Mr. Doo-
little has published to the world his method of rearing
queens. I have done the same thing, antedating Mr. Doo-
little a long time. I do not believe in hiding light under a
bushel.

Now I will tell the readers of this journal how I rear
queens, or rather how I produce queen-cells and have them
completed. When I have eggs about ready to start queen-
cell building, I select one of the strongest colonies of bees
in my apiary to do the cell-cup building. This colony is
taken into the bee-room, the combs all removed and the
bees brushed from them into the cap of a bee-hive. I do
this in such a way that the bees stay in the box till I find
the queen, which is not long, I can assure you. When the
queen is found the bees are then put into a box having a
wire top and bottom. The top is the cover. The bees are
right in this condition for a few hours. In the course of an
hour they miss their queen, and a few hours later they are
supplied with eggs and cell-building is at once commencd.
The bees will construct as many cell-cups as eggs are given
them.

In the course of 24 to 36 hours these cell-cups are divided
among several of the strongest colonies in the yard. The
queens from the full colonies are first removed say 12 hours
before the cell-cups are placed in the hives. Now, I do not
put these cell-cups behind nor over a queen-excluder. A
comb is removed from the brood-nest and the cells placed
between two frames of solid brood. Here they are left un-
til completed, which is three days later. By this method
there are two sets of bees working on each set or batch of
cells. The cells built in this way produce queens superior
to any I ever reared by any other system.

Does any reader of this paper know of a better system
of rearing queen-bees ? Do you, Mr. Doolittle, know of any
that compares with it ? If you rear good queens by your
present method, you can rear much better ones by the one
given above.

I have been accused of rearing queens by the nucleus
system. Does any man who rears queens thus see any
nucleus system in the above ? The first year I reared
queens, when I was not selling queens, I reared by the
nucleus system. Bear in mind, I only reared queens in three
days for amusement, and not for sale. I reared good queens,
all the same. Essex Co., Mass., May 14.

Winter Ventilation and Porous Coverings-
Some "Whys" About Them.

BV ARTHUR C. MILLBR.

ON page 137, Mr. Hasty hesitates to give Mr. Holter-
mann's theories on porous coverings full endorsement.
Mr. Hasty does well to qualify his support, and I hope
to show that his doubt is well founded, and that Mr. Holter-
mann's theory is erroneous, not because it is his theory, for
it is not his alone, but because the truth is otherwise.

During the winter, when bee-life is maintained at a
niinimun of exertion or visible activity, ventilation by fan-
ning is unnecessary, and is not resorted to except under
certain conditions, and then generally only at considerable
intervals. But the air is steadily and constantly changing
in the hive, whether the latter be a thin bos or a thick
chaff hive. This is due to two causes — the cooling of
warmed air, and the development of carbonic-acid gas.

The normal temperature of the winter cluster of bees is
65 degrees F. The warmed air in and about this cluster
slowly rises, spreads out over the top of the chamber, chills,
settles and passes out the hive-entrance, other air drawing
in to take its place.

Place a smoker containing a small and slow fire in
an empty hive, replace the cover, and we have a visible

June 25, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

409

though crude illustration of the air-currents created by the
bee-cluster.

Regarding the production and movement of carbonic-
acid gas, I cannot do better than quote from Cheshire, con-
densing part and quoting part literally :

" During periods between visible feeding the bees are
actually feeding upon the store of honey taken into the
■honey-sac, where it is held till appetite needs appeasing."
The digested food passes into the circulation, is oxidized by
the air breathed, and heat is involved. " A supply of fresh
air to the cluster is clearly essential, for as the heat is in pro-
portion to the honey consumed, so it is in proportion to the
products of oxidation — the noxious gas (carbonic acid) and
the water — as a reference to the following table will show,
in which all but the main constituents of the honey have
been disregarded for simplicity's sake.

34 oz. honey

( 9 oz. water— 9 oz. water.
I 6 oz. carboD=6 oz. carbon.
i S oz. oxygen )
l_ 10 oz. hydrogen )' '

-9 oz. water

" The 6 ounces of carbon being united with 16 ounces of
oxygen from the air, we obtain 22 ounces of carbonic-acid
gas, which, with the 18 ounce of water, are thrown into the
air of the hive by the consumption of 24 ounces of honey."
" Let us trace the 22 ounces of carbonic-acid gas, occupy-
ing about 12 cubic feet at ordinary temperature. Dealing
with a colony wintered on seven standard frames (the equiv-
alent of 6 Langstroth frames), set l/s inches from center
to center, we find :

Seven frames, each 8' .: cubic inches wood — 59}4 cubic inches.
20 lbs. honey, specificgravity 1.386 —400' "

13., lbs. wax " " .965 = 43 "

Pollen, estimated =20 " "

Bees —100 " "

622J.^ " "

" Disregarding fractions, this, substracted from 1,500
inches (the .solid contents of the hive) gives 878 inches, i. e.,
an air-space which we may for simplicity's sake regard as
half a cubic foot, or 864 cubic inches. Therefore 12 cubic
feet of carbonic-acid gas produced from the consumption of
1,''3 lbs. of honey, would fill the air-space in the hive twenty-
four times. Nor is this all. Air is only one-fifth — by meas-
ure— oxygen, the other four-fifths being nitrogen ; and car-
bonic acid occupies precisely the same space as the oxygen,
which unites with the carbon to produce it. Therefore, if
the whole of the oxygen introduced had been converted
into carbonic acid, the air in the hive must have been en-
tirely renewed 24x5^120 times ; and further the presence of
carbonic acid is so deleterious that S percent only of the
oxygen could be utilized ; the proportion being also limited
by the laws of gaseous diffusion (interchange) in the breath-
ing-tubes of the insect. Thus it is impossible to resist the
conclusions that I'i lbs. of honey cannot be oxidized for
heat-production without the air of the hive being changed
2400 times."

"Authorities, with unusual agreement, state that the
loss in weight of a wintering colony, in which breeding is
suspended, is less than 2 pounds per month. With ordinary
protection, this is about accurate, but it may be rather less
than 1 lb. per month, or about '2 ounce daily. The I'i
lbs. would therefore represent 48 day's rations, and make
the daily essential number of renewals of the air-volume of
the hive to equal 2400 divided by 48 equals 50 ; i. e., the air
of the hive, even during this very restricted food-consump-
tion, would need to be changed completely during every
30 minutes.

To what extent such a change could take place through
chafi^ packing or unpainted walls may readily be guessed.

As further evidence that no upward or lateral ventila-
tion is necessary, either to rid the hive of its moisture or its
foul air,I would cite the results of my experiments with hives
so enclosed in tarred paper, that the only exit for air or mois-
ture was the entrance. Colonies so protected winter per-
fectly. Furthermore, carbonic-acid gas is heavier than air,
and settles. Providence Co., R. I.

Amerikanlsche Blenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

(

Our Bee-Heeping Sisters

D

Conducted by Emma JI. Wilson, Mareni,'o, 111.

An Experience with Bees.

My father has always kept a few bees ever since I can
remember. After he got too old to work he kept more bees,
and I helped him. I made, or rather put together, the sec-
tions, put in the foundation or starters, and got them ready
to put on the bees ; helped him take off the honey, cleaned
off the sections, and cased it ready for market, etc. Since
he left us, in April, 1892, in his 89th year, my sister and I
have run the apiary. We did all the work ourselves till the
last two or three years, when our brother has helped us
some. (I have had the rheumatism so much that I can't do
half the work I used to, so our brother has taken my place
and does whatever I am unable to do.)

The spring of 1892, if you remember, everybody lost
nearly all their bees. We were left with 18 queens and a
handful of bees, perhaps a pint to each queen. We fed
them, and built them up, and increased them to 35 colonies,
and that fall we sold about $100 worth of honey. That year
was a good honey-year— if we had only had the bees to
gather it. Since that time we have had some good and some
poor honey-years — more poor than good, though — only two
good ones. One of the years we got 5563 sections of nice
honey, and the other 4432. Some years we would get pretty
nearly 1000, and once a little over 1500, and the other years
less. Last year was a failure. We had less than 500 sec-
tions of honey, but it was about all salable honey. We had
70 colonies of bees. There was fall honey enough for them
to fill their hives, and they went into winter quarters in
good condition.

We have 60 colonies now, 5 of them rather weak. This
has been such a cold, bad spring for bees that I do not know
whether they are as strong as they would have been if it
had been a warm spring.

We have just taken the cushions off of them, and put
the'sections on last week. We winter them on the summer
stands. White clover has begun to bloom. We are in
hopes that it will be a good honey-year.

I do not see any way in which " Our Bee-Keeping Sis-
ters " department could be improved. I nearly always turn
to that department first. (Miss) L. C. Kennedy.

Sangamon Co., 111.

Does the Bee-Worlc Herself?

The " Sisters " department of the American Bee Journal
has pleased me so much that it is the first thing looked for
in every edition. I had five colonies last year, but because
of the illness of my sister, who has been helping me for
years in the housekeeping, I have been compelled to dispose
of several, not being able to do justice to the bees, as they
must be looked after continually here, because of the preva-
lence of foul brood in this vicinity. I had one colony at-
tacked last year, and I got rid of it only through consider-
able work and some little worry. I had good " crops " of
honey every one of the five years that I have had bees, and
last year it was a remarkably fine one. I do practically all
the work myself, unless there is a rush, or some heavy work
to do, when I call upon Mr. V. for assistance.

Hamilton Co., Ohio. Mrs. M. V.\upei..

Transferring from Gums— Ants.

We have 3 colonies now. The boys and I do the work.
We found a swarm in the corn-field, so we took a hive and
put it in, and it is doing nicely at work. It is very rainy
here, but when it isn't raining the bees are busy. The boys
found 2 colonies in the timber last fall, so they sawed the
tree and brought it home. We had to move them this spring,
so they have not swarmed yet. One bee-keeper here told
us they would not swarm for two or three months on account
of moving them, but I believe they have gone down in the
old gum.jiThey are 2 very busy, j^ We have; plenty of red

410

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

clover, and it is all in bloom. There is plenty of white
clover here, too.

1. I should like to get them out of the old gums. How
shall we do it, and at what time ? One is about six feet
long and the other four feet, and they seem to be almost
full. We only want to keep enough for our own use, as the
boys are farmers and do not have much time to spend on
them. These are the first bees we had anything to do with.

2. The ants are bad here. How can we get rid of them ?
Bourbon Co., Kans., May 21. Mary J. Hai^i,.

Answers.— 1. Saw off at either end the part of the gum
not occupied with bees, so they can not fill up any more.
Then as soon as they swarm, hive the swarm and set it in
place of the gum. Three weeks later drum the remaining
bees out of the gum, and add them to the swarm, unless you
want to make a separate colony of them. Then you can
split up the gum and dispose of the combs. If you wish you
can let the bees rob the honey out of the gum before split-
ting it up.

2. Generally the ants do little harm, and the bees are
able to take care of them. You can kill them by setting for
them Paris green mixed with honey. Put this on a dish
and cover over so the ants can get in, but no bees.

Hiving- a Swarm from a Tree-Trunk, Etc.

I think that the department of the Bee Journal, de-
voted to helping women bee-keepers, can be made very use-
ful. I have kept bees for more than ten years, yet some-
times I find some work connected with it as difficult as at
first, and also that we may still continue to be learners. I
do all the work without help, except sometimes a friendly
neighbor helps with a ladder. I use the Alley drone-trap to
catch swarms, yet sometimes the queen gets out at a place
not well guarded. Yet here is a difficulty connected with
the use of the trap. When the trap is full of drones on a
hot day, and I go to release them, the bees are so enraged
that I get many a savage sting, as was my experience yes-
terday. You will, perhaps, advise leaving off the traps and
clip the queens. Well, I have not done this, on account of
the great difficulty of finding the queens, being very near-
sighted. Yet, with all the difficulties and obstacles I do
take pleasure in keeping bees, and find some profit also. I
have IS colonies ; keep only Italians. I use some hives of
the Falconer make, but during the past few years have had
the Danzenbaker hive, and like it very well. It is the best
for comb honey, and comb honey is all I produce. Last
year I had as fine honey in appearance and taste as any I
ever saw. I had a good crop, and have sold all at a good
price here at the home market, selling for cash at groceries
and private families.

My location is in the city. I keep the bees in our back-
yard, overlooked and criticised by many observers. I do
not find this so very pleasant, to be so much under obser-
vation ; I mean all friendly, of course.

I have had trouble in regard to having swarms situated
in very inconvenient places. I have sometimes put a hive
above them with a small board to lead thern in. They have
nearly all gone in, and then all march out, and then fly off.
I appreciate the answers in the Bee Journal in the question
department. They often help me.

1. What is the best way to hive a swarm of bees that
settles on the trunk of a tree or on a fence, sometimes on
both sides of the fence ?

2. What is the best time of the day to work with bees,
in the forenoon or towards evening ?

3. Is it advisable to shake off bees from a cluster taken
from a tree before another hive lacking in bees? I have
seen it advised, and tried it, but all the bees so shaken off
were killed. The greater part went into the hive in which
they were intended to go — a small part of the cluster, I
mean. S. E. Wilby.

Dutchess Co., N. Y.

Answers. — 1. Take the hive that you have ready for
the swarm, and place the entrance close up to the swarm as
possible. Gently smoke the bees to get them started to
running into the hive, or you may brush a few of the bees
into the entrance, either way will do ; just as soon as a call
is made they will all run in like a flock of sheep jumping
over a fence. If the swarm is within reach it is an easy
matter to hive them in this way. Just set the hive so the
entrance will reach the bees.

2. Any time of day when the bees are gathering well.
During the honey harvest bee-keepers that have many bees

usually work all day. If nectar is scarce, and bees gather
only in the forenoon, then the forenoon is best.

3. Depends on circumstances. Better not try it unless
you have had a good deal of experience with bees.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and I nreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

BREEDING FROM INJURED onEENS.

It is asking a good deal of us, and yet we cannot alto-
gether blame the queen-breeders for asking it. You see,
our faith gets low — and when it is clubbed still lower by
what seems to be evidence of worthlessness, then to ask us
to hold on, and breed one of those " house-flies " into a
blessing ! Ah, so I Yet a queen that actually does carry
within herself valuable inheritances is not going to lose
them by the personal injuries she gets going through the
mail or otherwise. She herself may but poorly keep three
frames full of brood, while her daughters could furnish the
apiary with better bees than any it has ever had. But,
then, there's the chap that would send us any old queen
reared any old way from any old blood — perhaps we are
watching out even too much for him. We won't always as-
sume that a poor queen is valuable to breed from, Mr. Doo-
little. We'll call on our smellers, and smell our way to the
safe cases. Page 310.

THE DAIRY AND THE APIARY.

But there's surely this difference between dairy and the
apiary when we set out to improve the two : With efforts
and cash enough behind it, the dairy has an unlimited food
supply. Likely as not the apiary may be taking already
pretty nearly all the supply in reach. — H. L. Jeffery, page
312.

HIVING A BUNCH OF SWARMS IN A BOX.

Bad when three or four prime swarms mix. To hive
the great mass in a dry-goods box, giving them room to
store several pounds of honey — well, it is interesting to see
that it succeeded twice. I should not expect it to succeed
often. Page 315.

A SWARM-BKATER.

Mr. Ford's record of 32 swarms in one day beats my
time. And as they hummed they seemed to say, " Dance,
tenderfoot, dance ! " Page 325.

ENAMELED CLOTH FAVORED.

Surprised as well as pleased to see that enameled cloth
had a majority among Wisconsins. It's so handy that I
have always adhered to it, although sometimes I feared I
was a loser by so doing. If nine out of sixteen practical
men favor it, I can go on and feel " chipper." Page 325.

ALFALFA THIS SIDE OF THE MISSISSIPPI.

Still feeding us with the old story of no alfalfa honey
this side of the Mississippi, I see. Just wait till they get it
vaccinated for hay and honey. These are times of progress,
and five years ago must be no criterion for five years hence.
Page 326.

THAT MARBLE-CAKE HONEY.

And Mr. C. P. Dadant finds late-extracted honey
streaked with white and amber. I was almost tempted to
wonder if that was not a trouble thought out in advance in-
stead of a trouble experienced — but I'll say, " Wonder, lie
down ! don't you wonder this time." Somebody take a
fruit-can and get up, marble-cake fashion, the streakedest
can of honey it is possible to get up. Keep it in a warm
room a week and see whether the streaks persist or disap-
pear. I don't claim to know what the result will be. Page
326.

THE DOOM OF THE FORESTS.

F. Greiner, on page 327, strikes into a subject of great
importance to the whole country, as well as to us bee-folks
— the utter destruction of wood, lumber and timber. And
yet almost every one manages to maintain in regard to the
rather dire situation just in advance a sort of complete

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

411

thoughtlessness. Not so with me. Perhaps I am too far
the other way— find my heart feeling deeply sorrowful
about the matter again and again and again. One of my
best friends got through last winter by cutting down shade
trees he thought he could spare. A great area of once

"wooden country" immediately to the west of here is get-
ting as bare as the back of Calamity's hand. Few farmers
seem to have started in to have a wood-lot ; and those who
did have, " massacreed " it till it shows but here and there a
forlorn-looking pole.

Prize =

Daughters of Moore's famous long-toagued
red clover Italian Queen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the long--
est-tongued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tnngued red-clover breeders whose
tees " iust roll in the honey," as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, $1.00 each;
six, fS.OO; dozen, $9.00. Selected Untested, $1.2S
each: six, $b-00: dozen, $11.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Circular free.
J. P. MOORE,

25Atf Lock Box I. MORGAN, KY.

rtease mention Bee Journal -when ■writme

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $i. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee Jotimal "wlien 'writSnft

Agriculture and Golden Queens

mailed promptly on receipt of $1.00 each, or
$'>.C0 per dozen. While the Goldens are of the
highest type, the daughters of a fine breeder
imported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
from the Province of Bergamo, Italy, are sec-
ond to none. Money-order office, Warrenton.

W. H, PRIDGEN,

23A4t CREEK, Warren Co., N. C.

please mention Bee JoixmaJ when writinf^

BROAD TIRES

make f^ood roads and s;ive draft.
There's long service in the modern

Electric Metal Wheels,

with straipht orstaggered oval steel
spokes. S'o tires to set, no break
downs. Fit any wagon. Make a new
wagon out of your old gears. Write
k for free catalogue.

__ ELECTRIC WHEEL CO. , Box 1 6, Quincy, III.

Please fnention Bee Journal "wheTi wrfinn.

Mount.UilojGoll606 1

Open to both sexes from the begin- V

oidg. Founded in 184*. Highest grade f^

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 V

instructors. Alumni and students occu- V

pjing highest positions in Church and A*

State. Expenses lower than other col- V

leges of equal grade. Any young person \.

""X with tact and energy can have an educa- A*

A tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

jrf for catalog. k.

\ MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

71 Alliance, Ohio. v

Boston Excursions

via the Nickel Plate Road, June 2Sth
to 27th, inclusive : also July 1st to 5th,
inclusive, at popular rates. Write City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex, Chi-
cago. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 2208. 17— 25A3t

Good Weather Needed.

Bees are very populous, there being lots of
brood. We have the finest crop of wliite
clover we ever have had, but no weather that
the bees can use it. We are getting some
honey from alsike, raspberries and honey-
locust. We have had three weelfs o£ rain.
We ought to have nice weather soon, then we
might have the largest white clover yield we
ever had. I run for extracted and comb
honey. In the fall I put comb honey supers
under extracting supers when the flow com-
mences. N. A. Kluck.

Stephenson Co., 111., .June 5.

Too Cold for Bees.

This part of the country was struck by a
very heavy frost last night, freezing a large
variety of plants. Clover and raspberries are
in bloom, with plenty of nectar in them. It
is too cold for bees to work, Basswood is
loaded with buds, especially the younger
trees. A. C. F. Bartz.

Chippewa Co., Wis., June 12.

Prospects Very Slim.

Bees came through this spring in very bad
shape. I think one-half are dead in this
county. There has been no rain to speak of,
and everything is dried up. The prospects
for white hotiev are very slim this year.

Orleans Co., N. Y., June S. W. H. Hey.

Feeding Bees in the Spring.

In my article on feeding bees in the spring,
page 3(50, at bottom of the first paragraph
reads, " they are stirred up and create more
heat," should read, " are in accord with my
experience,'' And the sixth paragraph be-
gins: "The queeu stops laying, and either
part of the whole brood-nest is left unpro-
tected," should read : " and either part uc the
whole l5rood-nest is left unprotected."

I have also experimented with feeding ex-
tracted honey, lii|uefled and made thin with
water, in comparison with the candied ex-
tracted honey made soft by stirring, and
working it to see what effect it would have on
brood-reariug as well as on making the Ijees
excited and leaving the hives, and find that
just as much brood is being reared when the
thick honey is fed, as by the thin liquid. And
that, while the thick honey is fed, no bees
leave the hive in cold weather, and conse-
quently see a decided gain in feeding the
honey in its thick stage, in preference to the
thin liquid, for the thin honey causes great
excitement and the loss of many bees in cold
weather. It also requires a feeder for each
colony, which amount is a good deal in an
apiary of several hundred colonies, and, if
tliey are not attached to the hive permanently,
are a regular nuisance, and many of them get
lost and broken. But with the thick honey,
we don't need any feeder, and don't even have
to take away the paper on which the honey
was spread, if we don't want to, as the bees
take care of it themselves.

Another thing I find practical in a large
apiary for feeding, when the bees get short of
stores in warm weather, is to thin the honey to
the consistency of nectar by putting 30 quarts
into a large-si/.cd wash-tub, throw a scoop-
shovel full of planer shavings on top for a
float. Put three or four such tubs in the
yard and just watch the "honey-flow." Af-
ter 10 or 15 minutes, should any of the colo-
nies not be working in the feed, open t/iuse

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens j^t

1 6 12

Untested $1.00 $5,00 $9.00

Tested 1.2S 7.00 13.00

Breeder 4 00

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

viease mention Bee Journal when -writinft

wiaLRUMELY?

The

thrp

sherm

-11 «#

an has many

■ w

■ .|JrJ!Jr

■ ■

Si

fh.- r

nodel threshi

Jg outfit.

theb

loney

can buy. Yo

will

find thel ates

olV's

Rear Geared Traction Engl

les and

New

Rll

mely

Separators

ru!i c

f thresherme

•s lugic.

art,' 11

men

that

rite

leJ free.

M.

RUMELY CO..

LA

PORTE,

IND.

•nease mention Hae Journal wnen ■writing.
Fourth of July
rates via the Nickel Plate Road. One
fare for the round-trip, July 3d and 4th,
within 200 miles of starting- point. Re-
turn limit July 6th. Chicago Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 2208. 12— 2SA3t

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet those who work for ua. Cow keepers bU aya
have money. We eUrt you In buslnees. You mftki
laree profits. Ewy work. We fumiBh capital. Send
10 centfl for fall line of Bamplea and particulare.

DRAPES PUBLISQINQ CO., Chlcaso. UIs.

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 A Ub E. F.rie St„ - CHICAGO, ILL.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM, Fanvell. Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
wHen writing; Advertisers.

412

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

hives and pour about a spoonful of the feed
right among- them, and see how quickly it
will give them a " send-off."

Of course, the larger ones get the " lion's
share," and, should, too, because they are
just the very ones which need it most, for it
we have a few small ones, they can be lool^ed
after very easily and supplied. I shall en-
deavor to keep a couple of barrels of fall
honey on hand for such emergencies, instead
of putting them on the market at a small
figure, as I found it very handy to have nearly
two barrels of it on hand this spring, for now
my bees are in rousing condition to take care
of anything that comes along in the shape of
a honey-flow, and that, too, in spite of the
horridest weather imaginable, so much so
that I thought sometimes I would lose the
whole of them. One of my near neighbors
saved only 50 out of 300 colonies, and he
claims those 50 are very weak.

A. C. F. Bartz.

Chippewa Co., Wis., .June fi.

Cold, Bad Weather.

We are having very cold, bad weather here
now. It is so cold that the bees can not work
at all. The pastures are white with clover
now. I hope it will warm up pretty soon.

Grant Co., Wis., May 30. U. S. Botd.

Doing a Rushing Business.

Bees are doing a rushing business. There
is lots of white clover. I use double hives,
and the queens have commenced to ramble in
the upper stories, making themselves a nui-
sance in general. Wm. Ruggles.

St. Joseph Co., Mich., .June V-i.

Swarming— Handling the SmolieF.

The pesky bees are driving me to "beat the
band." I have tried to suppress swarming as
much as possible, and thought I knew fairly
well how to do it. Put on surplus cases very
early; in fact, some time before fruit-Ialoom
time, and then doubled them, which the bees
occupied almost immediately, and have done
splendidly in putting in surplus; hence, I
flattered myself that I have little or no swarm-
ing. But, my, O my! They commenced the
last of May to swarm, and have kept it up
every pleasant day since. I have cut out
queen-cells; moved the old hives to new
stands; put on additional cases, which they
occupy immediately, and apparently go to
work; yet it's swarm, swarm. Is it the Gal-
lup hive that causes all this trouble? or, is it
because of very strong colonies? They are
all very strong, which result I have aimed to
bring about so as to be able to take advantage
of the white clover and basswood ; but I am
afraid I've been like the Methodist preacher
who prayed for rain — overdid it !

Say, what's the matter with Mr. Root? I'm
with Dr. Miller in the proper manner of hold-
ing the smoker. Is Mr. Root cross-eyed? or is
his thumb where his little finger ought to be?
Perhaps he works the smoker with the nozzle
turned half round, and blows the smoke over
the bellows. He is certainly " way off " on
the proper manner of holding the Cornell
smoker, and I feel like telling him so; but as
you know him better than I do, rather have
you do it. Wm. M. Whitney.

Lake Geneva, Wis., June 13.

[Here is what Editor Root says [in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture, about the proper way to
handle a bee-smoker. — Editor.]

Within the last five or six years most of the
modern hot-blast smokers have been made in
such a way that, while in use, the barrel will
stand perpendicularly, leaving the coals of
fire or hot embers to lie on the grate while
the fumes free from sparks or embers are
blown out through a curved or deflecting
snout. The position of the bellows likewise
during the interim mentioned has been re-
versed, putting the large end at the top in-
stead of at the bottom, as heretofore.

I have been surprised many and many a
time to see how awkwardly bee-keepers handle
the modern smoker. To my notion there is
only one way. The thumb should be on the

FOR THE BEST

HIVES, SMOKERS, EXXRACXORS, FOUIVDAXIOrW -

AND ALL

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPI^IES,

Address,

le.a.h:"y imifc^!-. oo.

1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb,
•""lease mention Bae JourTia' ■

2415 Ernest Ave., Alta Sita,
East St. Louis, ID. . _

Christian Scientists'

meeting- in Boston, June 28th to July
1st. It will be to your advantage to ob-
tain rates applying- over the Nickel
Plate Road before purchasing else-
where. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Tickets on sale June 25,
26 and 27. Final return limit Aug. 1.
Call on or address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for particulars as to stop-
overs, train service, etc. 'Phone Cent-
ral 2057. 7— 22A5t

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlne advertisers.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is ft fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
, Ne-w subscriber to the Bee Journal
^ for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORaB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

«^ LEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesday, flua. I2iti, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.

(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Ivos Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
Special Car

Fridau.

fluousi Utn,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles

Tuesday, August 18ih,

8 a.m.

Round Trip— Los Angeles, SHoTuUfJortiCsth,
San Francisco, Re'fur°iinf'..''°"''' $50.00.

Sleeper Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, S6.S0. Sleeper, $2.00.

J. M. CONNELL, C A IVTT A CD 109 Adams St.
Qen.Agt. ^/\ IN I A. T C ChiCAQO.

marshlield MannfactariDg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please meulioii Bee Journal wtien writina

June ?o, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

413

TDousands ot Hives ■■ Millions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

paid

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax. We are paying
28 cents a pound —
CASH— for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

We are tlie Largest Mannfactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlie Nortliwest J

Send for catalog

Minneapolis, Minn.

We Have tie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliipping Facilities.

please zaentioxi Bee jonmai when 'writing

Natick House, '"" toS angeles.

HART BROS., Proprietors.

•'The Popular Hotel," remodiled; 75 additional rooms, all aewly furnished. Everything
strictly first-class. Elevator. American plan, $1.25 to $3.00; latter includes suites with private
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the Nation.ii. Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention,
Aug-, is, II and 20

Excursions to Boston

June 25th to 27th, inclusive ; also July
1st to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel Plate
Road. Especially low rates. Liberal
return limits. Particulars at City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St. , and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago. 'Phones Central 5057 and Har-
rison 2208. 18— 2SA3t

Business Queens.

Bred from best Italian honev-gathering stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be trood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6. $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
l>Aif Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

Italian Que€^ns,

Bees and Nuoiei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .SO

One Tested Queen 1.00

One Select Tested Queen. 1.25

One Breeder Queen 2.00

One - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen) 1.10

Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 K. Logan St., CLARIXDA, IOWA.
Please mention Bee JoumaX -wQen yriting.

Queens Now Ready to Supply m Returu Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
75 cents ; 6 for $4.iiii.
r)_J r*l^-«7-/z»». r^««£kCk«-io> which left aH records behind in honey-
KCQ Clover l^UeenS, gathering. rntested,S1.00;6 for $5.00.
—They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others. Untested, SI. 00.

Golden Italians

Carniolans

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER, ^-^'

48 Central A\ enue,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)

side of the bellows next to the stove. This
lets the hand hang in the natural position
without any twist at the wrist. To handle
the smoker, proceed as follows:

Stand in front ot Ihehive, with the entrance
at the left and the smoker in the riy/il hand.
With the left, pry the cover loose, ihen with
the other holding the smoker in a perpendicu-
lar positioQ, or only slighly tilted, perhaps,
blow a little smoke over the tops of the
frames. After the cover is removed, and the
bees have been sufficiently quieted, set the
smoker down close to the 'j'«'X- (>«r/ ( not the
front) of the hive on the ground. In doing
this, the position of the wrist and hand does
not have to be changed. Now, then, if the
bees begin to act obstreperously, all one has
to do is to reach down, grab the smoker in the
most easy and natural way, and blow the
smoke over the frames without twisting the
wrist or the hand in an awkward, angular
kink.

If one gets to using an implement wrongly,
he will waste seconds, minutes, and hours of
time as the weeks and months roll by. Every
movement should be calculated to get the
maximum results with the minimum ot time
and actual muscular force expended.

I have seen bee-keepers pick up the smoker
in the left hand, hold it in an awkward way
which I can hardly describe, and then when
they were through lay the smoker down in
front of the entrance, right in the height of
the honey-tlow. Or perhaps they will lay it
on its side behind the hive; then when they
want it for an emergency it can not be found.

Outlook None Too Good.

The outlook in this part of the State is none
too good. We have had no rain since March,
and cold weather in April, and a very windy
and dry May. I figure on a small average
crop, and would be surprised to see prices go
below the last year's, especially since South-
ern California is complaining, too.

Sebastian Iselin.

San .Joaquin Co., Calif., .June S.

A TeFFible Season.

We are having a terrible season so far. It
has been cold and stormy, and bees have done
little or nothing. But we yet hope for the
best. It looks pretty slim for a honey crop.
W. W. Whipple.

Arapahoe Co., Colo.. June".

Working for Section Honey.

The way in which I find it necessary to
work to get the best out ot a colony is to
work for section honey in a shallow hive ("J^-
inch frames). First, we will consider that
our colonies are in good condition for the
main flow, aljout .June 12. Now, if all of my
bees would swarm about 15 days before, I
would be pleased ; I should consider lack of
nectar the only drawback. I hive the swarm
on the old stand with one-inch space under
the frames, and in three days put on sections.
The object in having a deep and large en-
trance is. that it is a great step in having all
worker-comb built. It is a well-known fact
to bee-keepers that bees wish to store this
treasure away from the entrance and light.
Therefore, the deep entrance forces the
honey to the sections above, and the bees
have a desire to build only worker-comb be-
low.

Now. the parent colony: I shake and brush
all of the bees it has on the frames, 14 days
after the first swarm issues, into a new hive
on 7 or S frames, with one-inch starters, the
same as I did the first swarm, putting the
frames in the same hive I take them from. In
seven days more I again complete the last
brush from the frames to the parent colony,
and now the old stock is as strong as the first
swarm, and will take a super and a few more
frames of starters in the brood-chamber. If
you prefer 1 1 do) to feed honey in the frames
ih place of sugar syrup, just place the frames,
which now have no bees on them, over the
parent colony, and as it is just in the height
of the honey-flow, and with drawn comb the
parent colony will store more honey than the
first swarm will in sections. The comb of

414

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

honey may be given to the colony that needs
feeding in the fall, or It may be extracted.
This practice has never failed to give good
results.

In regard to keeping down increase, a
swarm may be divided and a part given to the
parent colony, and as it is in the height ot
the How you will receive benefit from the bees
you added, and it gives a fine crop ot honey
from both the swarm and parent colony ; or,
in other words, the parent colony is furnish-
ing honey to feed such colonies that may need
it. With an improved strain of bees I, in my
locality, challenge the world in like condi-
tion and locality. R. J. Cort.

Fairfield Co., Conn., June 13.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

)

Iron in Honey.

Prof. G. De Bunge says in Zeitschrift fuer
Biologic that, among the hydrates of carbon
which serve as foods, honey holds an excep-
tional place. Of all the sugary matters, honey
is the only one containing iron ; and strangely
enough, almost exactly in the same C|uantity
as found in white bread. — [Put this down as
another point in favor of honey as food. —
Ed.] — Stray Straws in Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.

Are Balled Queens Suffocated?

Dr. W. G. Sawyer, replying to the remark
that it "is not known whether a queen is
killed by stinging or suffocation," says in the
American Bee-Keeper :

Now, while I am not very well acquainted
with the anatomy of the bee, it is reasonable
to suppose that there is not very much difler-
ence in the suffocating qualities of the queen

WE WANT WORKERS

Boyw, GirlH, old and youn^ralikb,
make moiit-y workintJ f-ir us.

. S«Dd aa 10c atampi.

-vupleatoworkirith. DRAPER PUBLISHI^a CO..Chlcjlto.lll.

Saratoga Excursion

July Sth and 6th, at $17.4,5 for the round
trip, via Nickel Plate Road. Final re-
turn limit July 20th. Three trains
daily to New York City and Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 'Phone Central 2057. 11— 25A3t

QUEERS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to ffive satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in 1S,S8. Our stock origi-
nated from the best and highest-priced long--
tong'ued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Priceof queens
before July 1st: Large select, $1; six for $5;
Tested Stock, $1.50; six for J8; Selected Tested,
$2 each; Breeders, f 4. Two-frame Nuclei (no
queen) $2.50 each.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 5(X) on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; ^*~

i free.
Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

'""as« mention Bee Journal -when wntina

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1S6B. 39tli Seasloa opens Sept zrt.
Subjects; Phrenologv. tbe Art of Character
Reading; Anatomy, Physlolosry. Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hygiene, etc. Address ■■ 24 E. 2M bt..
New York, care of Fowlek A Wells ('0.
24Ett Please mention the Bee Journal.

STROMGCST
MADE. Bull
strong, Chicken-
S.ild to the Farmer at Wholesale
Fully Warranted. Catalof? Free.

FENCE!

■WEtf

Please mention

the Bee Journal

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H

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-

Sf

1

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wm.

ri

3

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Portable Fence

Ple?"=;e mention Bee Joiirnai ■when vrriting,

The Danz. Hive—

The Comb Honey Hive.

We sell it. We are authorized jobbing agents
for THE A. 1. ROOT CO., for Michigan. Send us
a list of the goods you want for this season, and
let us quote you prices. Beeswax wanted. Send
for catalog. H. M. HUNT & SON.

10A17t BELL BRANCH, MICH.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices.
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS. — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

OueenSy they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, superior Carniolans, getler.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL, IMAY.' JUNE.

Untested $1.00each; 6 for $ 5.00 I Best money can buy $5.00each.

Select Untested. . 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00 2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested

Tested 2.00each; 6 for 10.00 Queen ....$2.75

Select Tested ... . 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00 |

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO. ^iSd^^A^To'^o

P'ease mentiou, Bee ioomal ■wnen "writJjife;

►

►
►

Dittmer's Foandation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make. , ^ , . •

Working >vax into Ponndation lor Cash a Specialty. BeesM'ax
al'tv'ays -wanted at highest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis,

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

SB) 100) 25m son

Sweet Clover (white)....! .75 $1.40 13.25 f6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlsikeClover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

WhiteClover 1.50 2 80 6.50 12.S0

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

Prices subject to market changes-
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-poand
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.
144 &. 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Tennessee dueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 2% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2>t miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count ou large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Very best ot
goods, lar-
gest stock in
anted AT ONCE

Bee=Supplies

Indiana. Send list of goods want
and get our

Special Prices.

'^f.^e'e"^ C. M. SCOTT & CO..

SHECr MONET and easy to make
if you work for ub. We will start you in
DUsinesH and famish the capital. Work
|light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO..CbIcaKO. Ills.

INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and iirst-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages. Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

fl. ti. HANSON, G.P.ft., Chicago.

To Boston and Return at One Fare

for the round trip from Chicago via
Nickel Plate Road, for Christian Sci-
entists' meeting in June. Tickets oti
sale June 25th, 26th and 27th, with ex-
tended return limit of Aug-. 1st. Stop-
over at Niagara Falls, in either direc-
tion, without extra charge, and at New
York, returning, on payment of fee of
$1.00. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Write John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams- St., room
"''is Chicago, for detailed information,
"phone Central 2057. 6— 22A5t

June 25, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

415

and the drone, and the drone will not suffo-
cate when completely immersed in water for
15 minutes, and I have not found out how
much longer. The Brst trapful of drones I
submerged until all were quiet, then I emptied
them out. The next day the drones were as
thick as ever. I recaptured them, kept them
under water I.t minutes and set them aside to
."dry."' About nine out of ten revived and
were as lively as ever.

Is it not starvation that causes the death of
a balled queen?

" Bunched " Swarms.

I trci|uently have in my out-yards what, for
want of a better name, I call "bunched"
swarms. During my absence of a weelt or
more, several colonies may swarm on the
same day, and go together; and their queens
being clipped they can not go with them, and
they will return and go into one or two hives,
filling the inside and covering the outside,
and spreading out on the ground in all direc-
tions—two or three bushels of them. There
are quite too many bees in such hives or on
them to do well; in fact, such will usually do
nothing but loaf, and wait for a young queen
to hatch. I have found it works well to take
a peck or half a bushel of these bees and give
them to a set of combs from which the bees
have been shaken. With a dust-pan made
with high sides and back I scoop up from
such " bunched '' swarms what bees I need to
give to these beeless combs, and thus form
new colonies which seem to do as well as any.
Of course, I do not always have these large
swarms to go to for bees; but when I do find
my bees badly mixed in this way 1 can
straighten them out in this manner, and make
them all work profitably. — J. E. Ckane, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Texas. —The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in atiaual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at Colleg'' Station,
Te.xas, July 7 to in, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet jour fellow-men, and talk. E-x-
hibits of all kinds of staff. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums.
You are invited. Besure to be there. Julv7tol0.
1903, at the A. & M. C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Schoi.l, Sec.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stlflf-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-
■ary.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO,,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the first Jo jou
take in to Btart you in & Rood paying l.nsi-
.neea. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to bepin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago. Ilia.

'5

Adel (|iieensjnd Bees.

All my Queens are reared by the pood old-
fashioned system— the way they were reared
when all <iueeiis lived three years— the bees
stored lots of Imney and gave such yreat satis-
faction. Thes;e Queens are larg-e, hardy, and
reared from the best honey-gathering strain I
ever saw. Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.

Cue queen, $l.()i'; 3 queens, $2.75; 6 queens,
fS.OO; 12<iueeus, $'».00. My new book on Queen-
Rearing jriven lo all who purchase three or
more queens. Send for Catalog.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY, WeNHAM. MASS.
Flease mention Bee Journal when wntisa

50or75 Nuclei For Sale

Good 3fr:ime Nuclei with Queens, strong;
pkgs. with bees, $2,00 each. Sate arrival guar-
anteed. Customers all reporting satisfaction
and duplicating and increasing orders. L.
frames. German-Italian bees No disease.
W. T. LEWIS & CO.
317 Madison Street, MEMPHIS, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

$19.00 from Chicago to Boston and
Return $19.00

via Nickel Plate Road, occount meet-
ing- of Christian Scientists, June 28th
to July 1st. Tickets on sale June 25, 26
and 27, with open return limit of June
28. By depositing' tickets with Joint
Agent in Boston on July 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and payment of fee of 50c., extended
limit returning until Aug. 1st may be
obtained. Stop-ovei at Niagara Falls,
in either direction, without extra
charge. No excess fare charged on any
of our trains. Three trains daily.
Through vestibuled sleeping - cars.
American Club Meals served in dining-
cars on Nickel Plate Road ; also meals
a la carte. Address John Y. Calahan,
General Agent, 113 Adams St., room
298, Chicago, for reservation of sleep-
ing-car space and other information.
'Phone Central 2057. 8— 22A5t

C att^nfrtta f ^I Jou care to know of Itt
WaillUnild. i Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, send for a sample copy of Call-
oruia^s Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticnltnral and Agricnltnral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS.
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.

The Low = L>own Handy Wagon.— The advan-
tage of a low-down wagon on the farm is so
well understood that we need not refer to them
except in the briefest manner. They are wide-
tired and can be taken into fields when the
ground is too soft to use narrow-tired wagons.
rhey can be used on meadows and pastures
without injuring the sod, no matter how soft
the ground Is. They are handy in every sense
of the word for hauling hay, grain, live" stock,
plows, harrows and similar implements to and
from the field. A big load can be put on without
pitching or lifting the load to a great height.

The only question to decide is where to get a
handy wagon and get the best. The Farmers'
Handy Wat^ou Co., of Saginaw, Mich., make
one of the best if not the very best one made.
This wagon bas a long, broad platform and is
equipped with either wooden or metal wheels.
The wooden wlieels are guaranteed in every
way, being made of solid white oak, three
thicknesses. The inner section presents the
end of the grain to the tire while the two outer
ones have the grain running crosswise of each
other. The tire cannot be driven oft" with a
sledge hammer nor can the wheel ever shrink
so as to mal<e the tire loose.

The metal wheels made by this company
have the s]H.kes swedged in instead of cast in.
Spokes that are cast in come loose after a little
wear, while those swedged in never come loose
e whole wagon is made on the
ri, and every part of it is guaran-
vay. This company publishes a
•^e wagons which shows by pic-
iited description just how it is
ti kind of a guarantee goes with
ill be sent free to any of our
readers who a'-U for it and mention this paper.
Address, Fanners' Handy Wagon Co., Sagi-
naw, Mich.

or rattle. T
same solid pi
teed in everv
book about tl
tures and I'l
made and wh.
book

HONEY AND BEESWAX

]

Chicago, June S.—The market is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices. Best
grades of white exti acted, S^(a;f. cents; amber,
S@5!4c. Comb honey is held at ISc for choice
white, and anything not grading up to meet
this re-iuirement sold at 2(ffl5c less per pound.
Beeswax, 32c. R. A. Burnbtt <z Co.

Kansas City, June •).— No comb honey in our
market. White or light amber would sell
quickly at $3.50 for 24-sectiou cases. Demand
light for extracted, at from 5]4(^6l4c. Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., Mar. 14. — Honey demand
quiet; receipts and stock light. Comb selling',
light, ISc; mixed, 14@15c; dark, 13@i4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, at 7@7^c. Beeswax firm, 30@32c.

H. R. WSIOHT

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5^@6J4c in barrels; white
clover, >i(gi'tc; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, I5©l6c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll('«'13Ci according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@31c.

HlLDRBTH & SbOBLKBN.

Cincinnati, June 8.— We have reached the
time when there is no settled prices in the
honey market. Everybody is waiting to learn
how the crop will turn out, therefore we will
sell or ask the old price; fancy water-white
comb brings lS@l6c. Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, 5?4(S*5J^c; in cans, 6@o>4c; white clover,
S@S>^c. Beeswax, 30r. C, H. W. Wbbbr.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Plea^^e meation Bee Journal 'when •writing.

WANTED I

California Comb Honey in car-iots. it

win pay you to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.

24Atf Manzanola, Colo , or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146 4s Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yoa are Interested la Sheep in any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

W^ool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir6t,foreniost and all the time.
Are you Interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHICAOO. ILL

Please mention Bee Journal when wrltine

BEE^SUPPLIES!

^rS GOOo^^

prything used by bee-keepers.
lER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt
ervice. Low Freight Rates.
NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

416

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

June 25, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us you
tvill not be di>«appointed.
Wc are iindersiold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. V.

4 W. M. Gerkish, Epping, N.H., carries
1 a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
^ Order of him and save the freight.

Flease mentloij Bee Journal -when, ■wntme.

Fourth of July Excursion

over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for the round-trip, within a radius of
200 miles from starting point. Tickets
on sale July 3d and 4th, with return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in each direction between Chicago,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York. Boston,
and intermediate points. Every facil-
ity offered for the comfort of the trav-
eling public. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35c to il.OO, and
meals a la carte, in dining-cars on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208.
13— 25A3t

►.{..J-^

that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell

I Bee-Keepers, Remember

4

I Root's Supplies at their

J Factory Prices . ♦ ♦ . »

•5*

A Poultry Supplies and Hardware In

^ plements a specialty. Send for oi

4* free Illustrated Catalog-. Honey an

m Beeswax wanted.

4
f

14A13t

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A TEAK

* and you may have part of it If you wurk
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for samples and partie
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

' bueinesB. Draper PablUhlasCo.,Chlcago.ltlc

Please mention Bee Journal when writing^

Special Notice to Bee-Keepers !

BOSTON

Mooev in Bees for You.
0 Catalog Price on

I ROOT'S SUPPLIES

g Catalog for the Asking.

S F. tt. PflRMER, i

g 182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

S Up First Flight. fl

loAUt Please mention the Bee Journal.

Tivi,ja^ia..ie».ia,je^y!,.X!,y!mjamje,jamje»^

\ 26ttl
4 year

\

Dadant's Foundation f^^

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR^TF^SS>5i^ss!'rJo'5AaalNaT'^•

No LOSS. PATENT WEBD-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

AA^hv rlnf^e W Cf^ll en v^/rII V Because it has always given better satls-
ry IIJ' UUC» 11. 9C1I »U WCII r faction than any other. Because in as yearj

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalogr, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDlios

OF ALL
KINDS •<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on IhG Honey-Bee — Rei/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writiue

S THE JUNE FIRST NUMBER OF

i Gleanlnos in B66- Culture |

■■^ — 3:=:35»r=;;^2r-; contains two very interest- ^"

ing articles, both of which ^

are fully illustrated with ^

new views, to-wit, ^

Bee-Keeplns in Jamaica ^

AND ^,

Glimpses of Cuban Apiaries. ^

o fi

Page 516 of this issue >
contains a price-list of the J
NEW 5

I Aikin Honey- Bags. I

r$ This new package for the putting up of Ex-

j$ tracted Honey was fully described in the Mar. 1st

j$ number by Mr. Aikin. This is something that

r$ should interest every producer of liquid honey.
f$ Gleanings one year and one Untested Italian

r$ Queen, SI. 00. We are mailing these promptly.

3 Gleanings 6 months, 25 cents.

2 THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Oliio, U.S.A.

B^" GEORGE W. YORK & CO. "cHiiAJo'iLL""'

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send
to them toi their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL. JULY 2, 1903.

No. 27,

418

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,
C3-BOK,OEi -W. ■YOK.IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Milleh, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 190.3.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association:

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
''''ice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary — George "W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, 'Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. HnrcHiNSON, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Eoveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapiuville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Jt^^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing tor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to
fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. (Send all orders to the ofBce
of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book Sree as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal Idv^rSS*^?....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Tbree Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i-'OLL Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When oideriug-, be sure to say just what name and

Address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a aovelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the ceiluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knifs will serve as an identifier; and la
;;ase of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife haviu|;
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this'beautiful knife, as tly ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$.i.'».| We will club the Noveltj
Enife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.

4S"Please allor" •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be fillecL

Chicago^ 111

^1861 xj?*

o

^^ERICA.^

43d YEAP.

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 2, 1903.

Na27.

Editorial Comments

]

The Queen is the Soul of the Colony. — If you are a be-
ginner, one of the first truths you should learn is that it is of such
great importance to have a good queen in a colony that too much pains
can hardly be taken to have your queens of the best. If none of your
colonies is up to the mark, then no better investment can be made
than to buy a queen of good stock. If all your colonies are good, you
may do well enough to leave the entire matter of queen-rearing to the
bees, that is, (/ you prefer to allow the bees to swarm naturally. If
any one colony is better than the others, then it will pay to be to the
trouble of having your young queens mainly, it not entirely, reared
from that superior stock. Even if it makes a good deal of extra work,
it will pay well in the end.

Quality of Queens Blailed. — It is pleasant to find a man
speaking of his competitors in a broad-minded way. G. M. Doolittle
says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

I have not had the experience of some in receiving from queen-
breeders queens of which 90 percent turned out poor, or " as worth-
less as so many house-flies,'" as one writer puts it. I have rarely re-
ceived anything but flrst-elass queens in all I have purchased; and
from these queens purchased, and from what I know of several of our
queen-breeders, I have not a single doubt that thousands of the
queens sent out by queen-breeders are every whit as good as those
reared under natural swarming, for I am satisfied that the most of our
queen-breeders to-day spare no pains to bring about an equally favor-
able condition to that under which natural swarming is conducted,
while rearing their queens.

Shall SectioQ-Supers Be Added Under or Over? — A

series of articles on comb-honey production, "How to Get All the
Sections No. 1 and Fancy," has appeared in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
written by Orel L. Hershiser. After directing to give the first super
in the usual way, Mr. Hershiser proceeds:

If the Bowers are secreting nectar in abundance it will be but a
few days till capping of the combs in the super commences, which will
indicate the time when a second super should be placed above the first.
Capping will now progress in the first super. At the same lime, the
honey-laden bees returning from the fields, not all being able to dis-
pose of their burdens in the first super, which is rapidly approaching
completion, will commence storing in the second, and continue with-
out interruption. The opportunities for work in the first super are
rapidly diminishing, and day by day fewer bees can be employed
there, till finally the super is finished, and its completion will have
been accomplished under the most favorable circumstances for thor-
ough and complete work. But there is no enforced idleness, for the
upper super furnishes store-room for all the nectar that can not be
stored in the first one. In due time capping will commence in the
upper or second super, if the honey-fiow continues, which indicHtes
the time when the capping in the first is finished. The first super may
now be removed from the hive; and the second one, which is now
being capped, substituted in its place, and a third super placed ■ibuiv
it. When capping has commenced in the third super, the second, or
one next to the brood-body, will be finished, and may be removed ; the
third, or one over the second, substituted in place of the latter, and a
fourth placed above the third; and so on to the end of the season.

The natural instinct of the bee is to store its food as near a.s iios-
sible to the brood. The apiarist should heed the teaching of Nmnre,
and keep food and brood in as compact a space as possible, aud not
violate the rule so unerringly pointed out by the Creator, by lifting

the partly-filled super and placing beneath it one containing empty
sections, according to the orthodox teaching. By practicing the ortho-
dox method, much of the working force will be withdrawn fromlthe
upper super, and work will be distributed through that and the lower
one in undesirable and unprofitable proportion, ofttimes resulting in
none of the sections being properly filled.

It will be noted that the advice is to give the additional super on
top at all times, and never allow more than two supers on at a time.
This view, apparently endorsed by the editor of Gleanings, is at. vari-
ance with the practice of many, probably of most, comb-honey'pro-
ducers who put the second super under the first, not waiting for'any
sealing in the first if there be a good flow, but adding supers under"aB
fast as all are crowded with bees, only putting empty supers on top
toward the close of the season.

The plan advocated by Mr. Hershiser will undoubtedly secure sec-
tions thoroughly filled out, and more promptly sealed, but the begin-
ner should understand that it is not without objections. With an
empty super on top, the bees must be crowded harder to make a be-
ginning than when the empty super is under, and this harder crowd-
ing means just so much more inducement toward swarming. The
crowding also means more superfluous work in the way of brace-
combs and burr-combs, honey being stored between the two supers,
fins built on separators, etc. The honey being sealed in the lower
super, it will be more rapidly done, and rapid sealing tends toward
whiteness of comb ; but the very thing that tends toward whiteness
in that direction has the drawback that it tends toward darkness in
another direction. Bees have a trick of carrying bits of the old, IMack
brood-comb to help finish up the sealing of sections if the sections are
close enough to the brood-combs, so more of this objectionable work
will be done when the finishing is done in the lower than when it is
done in the upper super.

It is a bad thing to give too much room ; it may be a worse thing
to give too little. A very weak colony may never need more than a
single super, there being plenty of room in that one super for all the
bees that can be spared from the brood-nest. It does not require a very
strong colony to fill two supers, there may be force enough to fill
three, four, or more supers. When a powerful colony has four or five
supers crowded with bees, the work going on at all points in all of the
supers would there not result a serious loss to confine those bees to
two supers?

While not questioning that with never more than two supers on
at a time, the additional super always being added above, a greater
proportion, possibly a greater number, of fancy sections may be ob-
tained, there is room for serious question whether the total amount of
money received for the crop will be as great as by following a different
plan.

Don't Use Old Bees for Rearing Queens. — After worker-
bees have attained the age of about Ki days, at this time of the year
they begin field-work, and although they may be forced to do house-
work, they are not so well fitted for it as when younger. So, when
getting queen-cells started, do not depend upon old bees. The sug-
gestion is likely to occur to the novice, "If I move a colony of bees
from its stand, putting in its place a hive containing one or two frames
of brood, the field-bees will naturally return to the old stand, and
finding no queen there they ought to proceed at once to rear one, and
that will be an easy way of making two colonies out of one." If there
were no other objection to the plan, a suflicient objection would be
that rearing queens is not in the line of business those field-bees have
been following, and the queens they rear will be more or less inferior.

420

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

Wagon vs. Wheelbarrow. — Quite generally wheelbarrows
rather than small wagons or carts are used by bee-keepers in their
work about the apiary. G. A. Deadman, in the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal, makes a strong plea for something with more than one wheel.
One of the advantages of a wheelbarrow is that a load is more easily
dumped from it than a wagon, but one does not want to dump things
used in an apiary, for the more easy a wheelbarrow is to dump the
more easy it is to upset. One must be careful how a load is placed on
a wheelbarrow, or over it goes. The wagon is stable, no matter how
the load is placed.

An advantage that would not occur to every one is that the
wagon takes up less room, making it convenient to have two at a time
in the extracting-room, one with full combs, the other to receive the
empty combs.

One trouble is that while a wheelbarrow is a staple article of sale,
easily found in any town, and at a low price, the wagon is hardly to
be found at any price, and it is expensive to make one.

A New Section-Fraine is referred to in the British Bee Jour-
nal, although no description is given of it that is very definite. The
nearest that comes to anything like a description is as follows :

I wonder how many bee-keepers have heard about the recently
invented section-frames? With the exception of being olose-ended,
they are very similar to the ordinary shallow frame, and are equally
suitable for extracting; but when intended to be sold as comb honey,
by means of a simple arrangement which causes no obstruction to a
free passage over the entire comb surface, the bees are made to store
the honey in three separate divisions, any of which can be cut out
without interfering with the others.

Parthenogenesis and Its Unsolveil Problems are to

have careful investigation at the hands of E. F. Phillips, a prominent
graduate student of the University of Pennsylvania. He has gone to
Medina to pursue his investigations, taking with him the best appara-
tus the University affords.

c

Association Notes

Mrs. Dr. A. B. Mason, the widow of the late Secretary of the
National Association, has sent to Eugene Secor, the former General
Manager, a check for iSSl.08, which is supposed to be in full of tBe
funds belonging to the Association in the hands of Dr. Mason at the
time of his death. This amount likely includes what Mr. Abbott col-
lected as dues during the month he served as General Manager, which
amount he forwarded to Dr. Mason.

The above information we have from General Manager France, to
whom Mr. Secor forwarded the check from Mrs. Mason.

The Los Angeles Convention is going to be well attended, if
we may judge by the inquiries coming in. Here is a sample:

Editor Bee Journal ; — My wife and self are planning to go to
the big convention at Los Angeles, and would like to go with the
crowd from Chicago, Aug. 13:

1. How many stop-overs are allowed, and where?

3. Must we all go home together?

3. Does $50 include the berth in the sleeping-car?

4. How much extra would it cost to see Grand Canyon?

b. How much do you think it will cost for a couple to make this
trip from Chicago, including all expenses!

6. Would you advise us to go via Chicago, or try some route from
the Twin Cities?

Any figures, advice, or particulars, regarding this matter will be
greatly appreciated. Leo F. Hanbgan.

St. Croix Co., Wis.

To the foregoing we may offer the following :

1. As we understand it, as many stop-overs as are desired will be
allowed west of Colorado.

3. It is not necessary that all should make the return trip to-
gether. Neither is it necessary that any one should return over the
same route as when going. Arrangements can be made to go one way
and come back another at the same cost.

3. Fifty dollars for the round trip from Chicago does not include
the cost of berth which, in a tourist car, is S^tj.OO for one way.

4. The extra cost for] seeing the Grand Canyon will be $0.50 for
car-fare and *2.00 for berth, if taken.

5. It would be very hard to estimate the cost of the trip, as differ-
ent people will have different views, and different sized pocket-books.
However, it ought not be very hard for each one to estimate about
what his expenses would be, when he knows the exact cost of the
railroad and berth tickets. It would be well, though, to take plenty
of money along, as there may be some side-trips that one would like
to take out there. After going so far, it would seem too bad to deny
one's self anything that really ought to be seen and enjoyed. We
are looking forward to it as the one great trip of our lifetime, and
although we can not be away from our office much more than ten
days, we hope to take in everything possible during the trip.

6. Of course, we would advise all who can possibly do so to join
the party going from Chicago, as it will be " the more the merrier."'
We are anticipating about the best part of the trip on the going jour-
ney. There will be ample time for visiting, getting acquainted, enjoy-
ing the scenery, etc., as we go along. There is really no fun traveling
or seeing things alone.

We have answered the questions of Mr. Hanegan in this way, as
we suppose there are others who would like the information that we
have tried to give. If there is anything else connected with the trip
that any other reader would like to know we would be pleased to tell
all about it, so far as we are able. We only hope that every bee-
keeper, who can possibly do so, will arrange to go to the Los Angeles
convention. California bee-keepers are going to do great things for
those who attend, and we are anticipating the largest and best con-
vention the National has ever held. Of course, every bee-keeper who
has not yet been to California will want to go on this trip. It will be
a memorable time and convention.

Miscellaneous Items

J. A. Green, Foul Brood Inspector of Mesa Co., Colo., reported
that on June 19 a splendid honey harvest was just drawing to a close,
cut off by the mower. It was a sad day for Illinois bee-keeping when
Mr. Green decided to go to Colorado. He is a bee-keeper of whom
any State may well be proud." We shall hope to hear more from him
as time goes on.

The Apiary of Mr. A. H. Klick appears on the first page this
week. He wrote thus about it :

I send a picture of ray apiary and farm-house. It shows also my-
self and two of my daughters, who are quite handy in the apiary. I
have kept bees for about 14 years. Since LS96 I have had from 95 to
110 colonies. The past three years I have had good success in pre-
venting swarming. I use the S-frame Wisconsin hive, and run them
entirely for comb honey.

We read the American Bee -Journal, every issue of which is worth
its weight in gold. A. H. Klick.

A Donation of Strawberries was sent us by Dr. C. C. Miller
last week. We had heard some pretty big stories about the Doctor"s
strawberries in other years, but this is the first time we have had a
chance to sample them. We can say that the berries are actually as
big as the stories told about them. The 30 boxes were all
the finest we have ever seen. We do not know what connection the
Doctor's strawberries have with the " Stray Straws " he furnishes to
a certain bee-paper, but if the straws are appreciated by any who
read this they will have some idea of the appreciation we have for the
strawberries.

The Doctor said, when sending the strawberries, that they would
have sent bigger ones but could not get them. We are sure that big-
ger berries would not be any better.

Dr. Miller and his family are what some people would call cranks
on roses, and strawberries, and bees. But what finer trio could be
found? Also, what happier trio can be found than Dr. Miller, Mrs.
Miller, and Miss Wilson? " I don't know " would be a good answer.

Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song- in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

July 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

421

[ Convention Proceedings |

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTBR.

(Contiaued from page 40t».)
STARTING PEOPLE IN THE BEE-BUSINESS.

" Is it advisable for bee-keepers to sell bees to people
who have no interest in the bees, but who, from reports of
fabulous wealth obtained from the bee-industry, wish to go
into the bee-business ?"

Mr. Abbott — That depends upon whether they have the
money to pay for them.

Mr. Pettit — Don't sell them any.

Mr. Whitney — If I refuse to sell to them they are all the
more anxious to buy from somebody else, and if I sell them
and then advise and assist them until they learn that there
is something- more to the business than they care to do, they
g-ive up in disgust, 97 out of every 100.

Dr. Miller — That's all true enough, but you are doing a
lot for the money you get there. There are two things that
you have to do for your money. They will come to you at
your busiest times. " Now, I want you to go and see my
bees," and think you have plenty of time to go and do it, and
feel hurt if .you don't do it, and just so far as they are suc-
cessful they are taking that much from your crop of honey.
They pull out pretty surely, but while they are pulling out
they are pulling something out of you, and if they succeed
with half a dozen colonies, that's just so much taken out of it.
Perhaps if you refuse to sell them it will make them think
there is a bonanza in it. I don't know which is the best
way. I believe in my locality it is about safe not to sell
them.

Mr. Abbott — I have given away about a half million
dollars worth of advice to that kind to people, and I have
got my living by doing it. I feel richer and better, and I
have good honey now, and that's worth more than anything
else.

WARM WE.ATHER AND WINTERING OF BEES.

" Has this warm weather made the bees have less honey,
a nd have they consumed more honey than usual on occount
of the warm weather?"

Dr. Miller — I should say that there is a wrong assump-
tion in that question. I don't know the difference between
my locality and Chicago. This winter is unusual in the
great amount of stores that the bees have. I don't think I
ever knew a year in my life when they were so fully sup-
plied with winter stores.

Mr. Wilcox — There is a very important question arises
in there, that I have never heard discussed. Is warm
weather the early part of the winter detrimental in any
manner to the wintering of the bees? Does it reduce their
stores materially ? I have never heard that discussed. I
have often thought of it.

Mr. Arndt — I am the one that asked that question.
About the first of October I examined the bees and found
them in good condition. Last Saturday I was going over
them, and a marked colony which had a lot of honey is
apparently light now. I attribute it to the warmth : the
bees were too active, and consumed the stores which they
would not have consumed had it been cold so they couldn't
get out.

Mr. Abbott — I want to ask if we should discuss that
question and discover that the warmth felt wasn't a pood
thing for the bees, what could we do about it ?

Pres. York — See the weather man 1

Mr. Wilcox — They could be placed in a more shaded
place where the temperature would be less. I usually have
mine working more or less around the shop or neighbor-
hood, and don't' try to stop them, and I often wondered
whether it was injurious or not. There are many things I
could do to keep them more quiet during October and
November.

Mr. Clarke— Is that to find the condition, the lightness
of the bees at th*^ present time around Chicago? I don't
think that there has been any answer to that question at all.

Pres. York— What do yoii find ?

Mr. Clarke — From what I have heard from bee-keepers,
bees are light in stores, and more especially around Chicago
locality, and those that take off their supers before the
honey-flow are nothing more than in a condition to go
through the winter. Those that left their supers on until
the close of the honey-flow, from all I hear, their bees are
in a very light condition.

Dr. Nussle — The same up in Wisconsin.

Dr. Miller — In answer to the question I should say :
Yes, there has been more honey consumed this fall, because
there has been warm weather.

Mr. Clarke — That is just one reason for there being a
light honey crop, and that warm weather came at a time
when it ought not to come, and the bees could go out and
fly and not get anything. It is exactly the same way with
a human being. If they work they have to have more feed.

Mr. Horstmann — I don't think the warm weather had
any effect on the bees in that respect. I think there was no
honey for the bees to get. I had one hive on the scales, and
the highest they got in one day was six pounds, and it ran
down to one-half pound along during September, and then
they held their own, got just about stores enough out in the
field for their own consumption. The warm weather had
no effect at all, I think. We had some flowers right along
during the summer and fall, and there was very little honey
to get. We had lots of white clover, but the bees didn't get
any honey, and the field was full of blossoms, but I had to
feed my bees.

Dr. Miller — You came to a point where your bees flew
out at will, and gathered just what they used, and the next
day they flew out and didn't get quite as much, and then
you were losing.

Mr. Arndt — Yes, sir ; in the month of November it
seemed to be they didn't get anything at all.

Mr. Wheeler — Mine were working on dandelion until
Thanksgiving Day.

Mr. Horstmann — One thing we must consider, the bees
have been rearing brood, and it takes considerable honey to
rear brood. If they had quit rearing brood earlier this fall,
the chances are the colonies would have run down consid-
erably more. My bees have now just about quit, and the
hive I have on the scales, is just about holding its own.

Mr. Whitney — I bought an apiary late in the season at
Lake Geneva, Wis., about IS colonies. I took off the supers
and they were well filled with honey for extracting. On
taking them off and examining the brood-chambers I found
them almost entirely empty, about the middle of October.
Of course, I removed the empty ones and placed on the
brood-chamber the surplus, and I was surprised to find that
the brood-chamber had plenty of surplus in the second story.
I removed that bj^ placing the surplus in the other tier.

NUMBER OF COLONIES FOR ONE MAN.

" How many colonies can one man care for properly
when producing comb honey ?"

Dr. Nussle — It depends upon who the man is. From
one to 500 colonies.

Mr. Whitney — As many as can be profitably kept in one
apiary.

Mr. Wheeler — I think I would have gone to the poor-
house long before this if I had run only one apiary. I have
five, and attend to these myself, as nearly as I can, and as
it is we have hard work to make ends meet at the present
time ; but I believe that one man can manage more than
one apiary, and I believe it is so considered. I know I can
do it, and have no trouble at all.

Dr. Miller — How many colonies do you think you can
run alone ?

Mr. Wheeler — Five hundred.

Mr. Wilcox — I can't see that he has differed from me,
only in the form of expression. As many as can be kept in
one apiary anywhere, and I believe they can keep from 400
up. I have no doubt but what a man can run three apiaries
for comb honey, but I think it will be safe to say that he
can attend to as many as can be kept in one apiary.

Mr. Clarke — Is the question how many he can run by
himself, or with assistance ?

Pres. York — One man.

Mr. Clarke — And run them all for comb honey ?

Pres. York — That is the question.

Mr. Clarke — It is a pretty hard question to answer,
I that's sure. It can be answered only by the man himself

422

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

who does it, and according' to what time he gives to it pre-
vious to the honey-flow.

Dr. Miller — Give him a chance to spend a year on it and
then report.

^^Mr. Wheeler — I understand we were talking about Chi-
cago locality. I don't believe in over 100 colonies in Cook
County in one place.

BLACK LIZARDS AND BEES.

" Do black lizards, such as are carried in the cellar with
potatoes, eat or attack bees in the cellar or out-of-doors ?"

Mr. Fluegge — I carried six or eight out of my bee-cellar.
I put them on the scoop-shovel and threw them out. I
think they eat insects. They are very common, and you
are sure to find them in potatoes.

Mr. France — They are harmless as far as the bees are
concerned.

SHALLOW OR DEEP BROOD-FRAMES.

" Which is the better, a shallow brood- frame or a deep
frame?"

Dr. Miller — Yes, sir.

Pres. York — Dr. Miller says, "Yes, sir." Does any-
body disagree ?

Mr. Wilcox — I think that question should be amended
so as to ask what depth of brood-frame is best.

Pres. York — I don't think we have a right to amend it.

Mr. Wilcox — We can not agree on what is shallow or
deep.

HYBRID BEES OR ITALIANS.

" Is there any advantage in hybrid bees over the pure-
blood Italians (hybrids meaning a cross between Italians
and black bees) ?

Dr. Nussle — There is no advantage in hybrids over
Italians.

Dr. Miller — Yes, sir, you are safer from the boys of the
neighborhood troubling your bees.

Dr. Nussle — I never have any boys troubling mine.

Mr. Clarke — There is an advantage, but lots of disad-
vantages. Undoubtedly for comb honey they do a little
whiter capping. They leave more of an air-space between
the honey and the capping, which causes the honey to look
whiter, but there are so many other qualities about them
that are objectionable that it is pretty hard to tell.

Dr. Miller — That runs a good deal by standards. Take
a standard of hybrids and they will cap particularly white,
and there are many Italians that will cap whiter than the
others. I hardly think it fair to take them as a whole, and
say that hybrids will cap honey whiter than the others.

Mr. Clarke— Isn't it a fact the lighter-colored the bee
the more the tendencj' to poor capping ?

Dr. Miller — I should say hardly.

Mr. Clarke — It has been my experience. I have tried a
great many breeds. For that reason, I must say five out of
six queens I had to kill. For extracting, some of them I
won't dispute but what they are good workers. As a gen-
eral thing they run to poor capping. That has been my
experience.

Mr. Stanley — It is all in the strain of the bee. I have
had some of the yellow bees put up the whitest and some
put up some of the dark. It is all in the strain of the bee,
is my experience.

Dr. Nussle— I understand that is brought about by the
capping being very close to the honey, making that appear-
ance. The Italians have more tendency to do that than the
Carniolans or black bees, or a cross between them.

TAKING BEES OUT OF THE CELLAR FOR A FLIGHT.

" Is it advisable to take bees out of the cellar for a flight
any time before taking them out for good ?"

Mr. Baldridge — No.

Dr. Miller— That is a rule that has been accepted, and
we have all given up and felt it was settled, but down at
Medina, Ohio, they have unsettled it. That is the trouble
with our settling down on something. I know for sure that
there is one of the things that can't be. If you take them
out and put them back there will be damage. In spite of
that Ihey did it at Medina and got along nicely. I am going
to try it and see whether they will be all dead the next
spring. I am of the opinion that we settled on it prema-
turely. Those Medinaites have done it all right.

Mr. Whitney — Wasn't that an exception to the rule ?

Dr. Miller— I don't know.

Dr. Nussle — I don't think you could ever do that suc-
cessfully in Wisconsin. We have snow on the ground all
winter, and along until it goes off in March or April. It
would never do when it is ever so warm with snow on the
ground.

Dr. Miller — Well, that might be true there. The condi-
tions here and as far south as Ohio will give you plenty of
times when there is no snow on the ground at all. This is
perhaps a very important thing to find out about. If it is
a fact that in the middle of winter they took them out and
let them take a flight, and they are not the worse for that,
then it is worth while for all to know it. It might be well
for a number of us to try that thing this winter, particu-
larly where the ground is not covered with snow.

Dr. Nussle — Ought it to be warm, about 60 degrees ?

Dr. Miller — A day when it is about 60, and dry, and see
whether they come out better or worse. Here is what we
have done. I don't know just how much was tried in the
first place, but it was given out as a law, and we all accepted
it, that we must not take out any bees until we took them
out for good, and for years we have acted upon it. Suppose
we try that, and see if they come out as they did at Medina.

Mr. Horstmann — I moved out my bees early last spring,
and we had a cold-spell and I put them back and set them
out a second time, and it did them lots of good, and the small
colonies came out splendidly in the spring, and built up
good and strong. I believe the reason was that I put them
back and got them out again when the weather was more
settled. I think I have lost very few bees by doing that,
and I would have lost a good deal more on account of un-
easiness. They seemed to be very quiet, and they remained
quiet.

Mr. Wilcox — I have too many bees myself to carry them
out and in. I have neighbors who, under my advice, have
done it with two or three colonies and succeeded. I advised
them not to carry them out until the first of March, but if
it comes warm enough for them to fly early in March be
sure and place on the stand early in the morning, and not
let them out more than one day, and the next time out place
again on the same stand, so as not to keep them continually
mixing up. As soon as they get a flight, bees commence
breeding. My own bees are not carried out until the first of
April. It is true of my bees, after they commence breeding,
I don't want them to remain in winter quarters for three or
four weeks.

(Continued next week. }

Contributed Articles

Co-Operation Among Fruit-Growers, Etc.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

I HAVE kept the readers of the American Bee Journal in-
formed regarding combination among citrus fruit-grow-
ers of California. It will be remembered that in 1893,
with only a few thousand car-loads of fruit, the market had
become demoralized, so that many orchardists found at the
end of the season they had really lost on their fruit.
The amount actually received for the sale of fruits was less
than the expense of marketing. Many fruit-growers were
entirely discouraged, and all felt that something radical
must be done at once. This led to the organization of
Southern California Fruit Exchange. A large number of
the growers joined this Association, and I have previously
explained its workings. It really saved the fruit industry
of Southern California.

Since that time the Exchange has done better for its
members than has any commission man or any other organ-
ization of citrus growers. Yet, strange as it may seem,
hardly half of the fruit has ever been marketed by the Ex-
change. Indeed, the commission men, in the aggregate,
have done just as much in the last few j'ears as the Ex-
change, each doing about 44 percent of the marketing. The
balance of the fruit was sold by individuals who were in no
organization. These latter were usually very largely pro-
ducers who had special advantage from a very wide busi-
ness acquaintance in the East. Often these men had pre-
viously done business either in New York or Chicago, and
thus had exceptional acquaintance and advantage.

The present season has been an unfavorable one. The
weather has been very cool and thus the fruit was slow to
ripen, and has not had the sweetness for which California
fruit has previously been famed. The low prices and the
fact that there was no single selling agency has been a

July 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

423

great disadvantage not only to the Exchange but to the
commission man. While the Exchange has suffered less
than other selling agents, all have suffered greatly. It is
stated that the commission men have lost much money, and
one of our most prosperous orange-growers, who sells liis
own fruit, and who has usually received the largest prices,
told me a few days since that he had hardly paid expenses
this year. All this led all interested parties to consider
seriously whether there was not a better way.

NBW SELLING .^.GKNCY.

A few weeks ago the managers of the Fruit Exchange
and several of the commission men — packers who have
bought and sold much of the California citrus fruit — got
together to consider the matter of a sort of trust — a com-
bined selling agency. Previous to this time the Exchange
knew nothing about where the commission men would sell
their fruit, nor yet did any commission man know where
the Exchange would ship its fruit, or where any other com-
mission man would sell his. This lack of control and dis-
tribution was a serious menace, and all recognized that
some scheme must be devised to remedy the evil. After
many meetings and much consideration of the entire sub-
ject, the following plan was agreed upon :

All citrus fruit should be sold under one agent. This
agency will consist of two factors here in California. One
will be the old Exchange, which will carry on its business
just as it has before, except now it will know where all fruit
is being sold, and will be able to distribute its output to the
very best advantage.

The other factor consists of what is called the citrus
union, and will be made up of all the commission men or
packers outside of the Exchange, as I think now nearly all
have joined the organization. The manager of the old Ex-
change is the manager of the new selling agency.

We see, then, that this new selling agency will have
absolute control of the distribution of the fruit, and thus
there will always be an intelligent distribution. The new
organization will always have its finger upon the pulse of
the market and will know just where to sell the fruit, that
no car-load will compete with any other car-load. In fact,
all will be co-operation as far as marketing is concerned,
and there will be no competition.

Of course, there will still be competition, as all the
fruit will sell upon its merit, and only the best fruit will
bring the best price. About 90 percent of the output is now
controlled by this new selling agent. It remains to be
seen what the individuals who have been selling their own
fruit will do. Some of them have already joined this new
organization. Others will probably do so ; while a few may
very likely remain outside. If they do, it will only be be-
cause of peculiar circumstances they can do better. The
new selling agency will have their sympathy, and they will
do nothing to antagonize it.

Of course, this new selling agency is in a sense a trust.
It will not, however, do as many trusts do, try to lessen the
output of fruit that they may thereby raise the price. They
will, however, control distribution, and in a certain sense
the market. This will result in preventing all glut of the
markets, and will secure an even, fair distribution, and uni-
form prices for good fruit. It is not probable that it will
raise the price to any extent to the consumer.

It is strange that the old Exchange did not get nearly
all the fruit-growers. All acknowledge, so far as I know,
that it was a good thing, and really came as the salvation
of the fruit interest ; while many believed, or hoped, that
they could get better prices outside the Exchange, and thus
they handicapped this latter association by preventing that
control of distribution of the fruit which is so very neces-
sary to the best success.

I believe the bee-keepers are wide awake in this matter
of intelligent co-operation. It seems to me that any matter
of history in this great movement, like that which I have
given above, is of special interest and importance to them at
this juncture. The Exchange in the citrus industry of
Southern California not only saved the business, but also
makes possible this new combination.

I neglected to say that in the new scheme the Exchanfje
is not to exploit the fruit-growers who have previously sold
to commission men. The outside packers have also prom-
ised not to take the fruit from any one who has previously
been in the Exchange. Those owning orchards that are
just coming into bearing are to be about equally divided be-
tween the Exchange and the Citrus Union. Our most int.l-
ligent fruit-men rejoice in the Exchange and its great suc-
cess. They rejoice now still more in the belief that tliis
new combination will remove the one obstacle in the way of

success with the Exchange in the past — that of controlling
distribution— and a,re happy in the belief that more prosper-
ous days are just at hand.

FOOL BKOOIl LAW.

I was interested in the fact that bee-keepers in Illinois
had to raise money to secure legislation regarding a desir-
able foul brood law. California secured an excellent law
with no expense and very little effort. Why was this ? Be-
cause Southern California is very generally organized.
There are many farmers' clubs. Thus they have tremen-
dous influence. They considered as a whole the matter of
legislation, and decided that they needed six laws, one of
which was the foul brood law. They went solidly to the
Legislature and secured every enactment that they desired.

Every State should have these clubs, and then our farm-
ers could secure their rights, which they have so signally
failed to get in the past.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., May 16.

Apiculture in the United States vs. Europe.

BY C. P. DADANT.

I NOTICED and read with pleasure the article on this
subject by J. A. Heberly, on page 104. The differences
existing between bee-culture in Europe and this country
are great indeed. The different opinions relating to hives are
mainly based upon the greater or less ease that those hives
give for manipulations. The hives in themselves, when of
the same size, are equally serviceable in the production of
honey, and the bees in a common box without frames will
harvest just as much honey as those in the most expen-
sive frame-hive. But the ease of manipulations tells on re-
sults, because when an apiarist can examine his bees and
supply their wants without difficulty he is more likely to do
it when manipulations are impossible or difficult.

The Berlepsch breech-loading hive, which we compare
to a cupboard, has made no progress outside of Berlepsch's
own country, evidently because its manipulation is more
difficult than that of other frame hives. But Mr. Heberly
is correct in his statement that in house-apiaries this hive
has some advantages, because it opens from the rear. But
our American apiarist has little use for the house-apiary.

In Europe generally, Switzerland, France, Germany,
the home is often surrounded with walls, often very high
walls which were once built to protect the inmates against
the depredations of brigands. Though the present condi-
tions of civilization have made those walls unnecessary,
yet the customs remain, and in my travels I often saw a
new house built with a 12-foot wall around it, like a fortress.
This seems natural to the European. To us it is abnormal.
One may travel through the greater portion of the United
States without being able to see a 10-foot wall. Such walls
are exceptional. Here and there a board fence will hide the
out-houses, but in most cases the home is left unsurrounded
by any obstacle except such as may be necessary to mark
the limits of the yard, a shallow picket fence, or, to keep
out cattle, a barb-wire fence. So we naturally do not think
of defending our bees against intruders.

The house-apiary in Europe is most usually built
against a wall, two sides of this wall making two of the
walls of the apiary. The expense is thus much less than if
the entire structure had to be built purposely for the bees.
The temperature of Europe being much more uniform than
that of this country a closed house may be used in which
the manipulations are conducted even in hot weather with-
out sufi'ering. A bee-house here would have to be adapted
to the climate. It would have to be built more as a shed
than as a house ; most of the bee-handling has to be done
when the weather is the hottest, and a closed house would
be almost out of the question.

A bee-house with several stories, with openings for bees
in every direction, is objectionable, both owing to the bad
exposure that some hives would have with flight towards
the north, and to the danger of stings from all sides, for it
is well known that bees are more prone to become ofi'ended
at movements of men or animals when directly in front of
their entrance. I have seen several house-apiaries discarded
owing to these faults. The manipulations are also difficult
unless the hives are placed on different floors and entirely
isolated from one another. The best house-apiary that I
have seen was a shed high enough for a man to stand in,
with the roof slanting backward, front to the south, and a
tight wall on the north and on each end. The north was
provided with two or three doors, so that one might get to

424

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

any part without having: to pass all along the inside. But
there was enough space behind the hives to work freely and
even to pile some empty hives from place to place. The
front was entirely removable at will. This front was in sec-
tions, like large shutters, and was entirely closed during the
cold days. On warm winter days, and during the summer,
these shutters were removed and allowed the air to circulate
freely. This made the shed pleasant for work, in fact
nearly as pleasant as the shade of trees. But there were
drawbacks even in this apiary. The hives had to be placed
in close proximity to one another, and this made trouble
when the young queens went out for their bridal flight. It
is well known that, not only the young queens, but the
young bees as well, often riiake a mistake and enter the
wrong hive when the hives are too numerous and alike in
appearance, especially if they are crowded together. The
mistake of a worker-bee, or even of a hundred workers, has
but little importance, but the mistake made by a young
queen is of vital importance to the colony, as they usually
have no brood of proper age to replace a queen that has not
returned from her bridal flight.

Then we have another objection to house-apiaries which
is insuperable in many instances. It is when we establish
out-apiaries. The bee-keeper who has many bees does not
have several farms of his own. So he is compelled, when
establishing out-apiaries, to place them on some other
man's laud, and he does not know how long his bees may
remain there. He cannot go to the expense of building a
house in such circumstances. We had the experience of
this ourselves once. We had a very good friend on whose
farm we had had bees for years, and we finally decided to
build a bee-shed, feeling sure that we would never be com-
pelled to remove the bees. Within two years, changes hap-
pened in that man's family which compelled him to leave
the farm and go to live in the city. His home was rented to
a tenant, and the management of that tenant was such that
we very soon decided to remove our bees.

The European who keeps bees as a business is rare,
while here, especially in Colorado, California, etc., he is met
everywhere. Land in Europe is high and in great demand.
The spot occupied by an apiary is necessarily confined,
while in our land we pay but little attention to the amount
of space needed. In fact we waste land, and will probably
waste it for many years to come, our country being so large.
What will do for us is not acceptable to them.

Hancock Co., III.

[ Our Bce-Meepin$ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Work Done by the Sisters.

I am just beginning to find out what an amount of work
is being done by our bee-keeping sisters. The energy,
courage and fortitude displayed by so many of them is truly
inspiring, and surely ought to meet with success. Some of
the letters I have received were not meant for publication,
but they are so interesting and helpful that I trust I will be
forgiven for giving all the sisters the benefit of them.

Price of Hives — Removing' Honey, Etc.

My experience is very limited in bee-culture. I have
seven colonies, and keep them only for home use. I lost
two swarms this week, and had ordered hives and they
came, but they were not set up, as I had no one who could
do so.

The way I take my honey is to take the top of the hive
off that holds the pound boxes, and carry it a short distance
from the main hive. The bees will all leave and go to the
hive again. Then we take the honey and replace new
pound boxes in place of the old, and place the top on again.
I have not been able to attend to my bees myself of late,
having been sick for six months with sciatic rheumatism,
and my right arm nearly disabled.

1. What are hives worth there all set up and crated,
ready to be shipped, say six at a time ?

2. I take my honey only as stated above. How do you
take yours? and in what months ?

I should like to know more about bees, for I think they
deserve all we can do for them. S. M. P.WXE.

St. Mary's Co., Md., May 22.

Answers. — 1. An 8-frame hive, all complete, nailed
and painted, and crated ready to ship, will cost you $2.50 at
Chicago. The 10-frame is $2.65. These have one super for
comb honey.

2. We use T supers to hold our sections, and take each
super ofl^ any time from June to September, whenever
finished.

I hope that troublesome rheumatism is better. A few
bee-stings might be of benefit. While the treatment is
rather heroic, some claim to have been greatly helped bj' it.
You might try a few by way of experiment.

A Busy Sister.

I like the American Bee Journal ever so much, and what
little I know about bees I have learned from the Journal. I
have nine colonies. Yes, I do my own work. My husband
does not like to be among the bees, and we do our own farm
work so far, but the work is too hard for us two. But I hope
to have some help so that I can take care of more bees. I
do like them, for they are as busy as myself, and the hum-
ming is so sweet and healthful.

I have not asked questions because I am so poor a writer,
being German, and never having gone to the English
school, so I listen to those who do write, and learn that way.
There is no one here who likes to tell what he knows about
bees. We built a new house last summer, and put a furnace
in the cellar. It is nice and dry for bees. Mine came out
in good shape this spring, and are working well.

Waupaca Co., Wis., May 24. EouiSA Thilke.

Please don't hesitate to ask questions. This depart-
ment is for you just as much as if you were a good English
scholar. Some of us may envy you your knowledge of
German.

Again With the Bees.

When we sold our home in Virginia and came to Cali-
fornia I was obliged to give up my bees, until about six
weeks ago, when I happened on a tramp swarm, as they are
termed here, near Arch Beach, in Orange County, where I
was staying, and brought them home in a box, then trans-
ferred them successfully into a Langstroth hive.

California is a great country for honey, but the last
month has been so cold and foggy that the poor bees have
had rather hard work. But now the real California weather
is here, warm and bright, and as the hills around about us
are covered with black sage, followed by several other varie-
ties, and wild buckwheat, there is splendid pasture for them,
and I hope for great things from my small colony.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., June 4. Martha White.

A Ranch Bee-Keeping- Sister.

I am not much of a hand to ask questions, because if I
wait quietly some one always asks just what I want to
know, and the bee-keepers have all been very kind to tell
me and help me in every way possible. I like the American
Bee Journal, and have learned lots of good things from it.
I am going to get Dr. Miller's book. I like the way he an-
swers the questions, and I feel as if I were acquainted with
him.

I have been keeping bees only a short while. My hus-
band bought 5 colonies and let them out on shares two years
ago this spring. Then I helped a little and learned a few
things, and I thought that common-sense was a good thing
to use. So last year I took them myself, increased them to
31 colonies, but got no honey, as there was no honey last
year.

I fed three sacks of sugar, and brought them out nice
and strong this spring, and have 64 colonies in good shape.
When a swarm came out I went to the hive they came from
and cut out all of the queen-cells but one good one, in order
to keep down the increase and to keep them strong. I also
sent back some small swarms by killing the queen.

Now I am getting ready to extract just as soon as my
extractor gets here. I am a little late about it, but I could
not get an extractor sooner. I have had to put on two and

July 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

425

three supers so as to keep the bees busy. I also tried put-
tings an empty hive under for a new swarm, and they work
all right. I have some of them piled up three hifjh, and
they are full of beautiful white honey. I expect to have five
tons of extracted, and several hundred pounds of section
honey, but I do not know exactly how many yet.

Yes, I do all the work and raise chickens, turkeys, pigs,
calves, colts, and oversee the whole ranch. My husband is
a carpenter by trade, and gets his S3. 50 per daj-. As we
want to get ahead this year we thought I could do the work
here and let him work at his trade this year. But next year
he will stay at home I hope, as his help is needed very
much. I am going to increase up to 15(1 colonies next year,
and trj' to keep that many on hand all the time. I do not
want any more than that.

We have a foot-hill ranch of 320 acres, S miles from
town or neighbors. One small apiary is all there is near
us, and that is over a mile. White sage is just beginning
to bloom, and I do not think that there is any better honey
than that produced.

I like to read the sister bee-keepers' letters and their
experiences. I have three children, the oldest a boy of 16.
He will help me extract, but the stock takes up most of his
time, and my two girls will be lots of help now. Our school
is just out, and I am not sorry. I stay alone most of the
time, but I do not notice it, because I am so busy all the
time. I make frames, get my hives in the knock down and
put them together. I had Simplicity hives at first, but did
not like them, so I got the Langstroth, and then I built a
chicken-coop. Well, I do any kind of carpenter work for
anything I need. I think a woman can just do anything
she wants to. My husband says that when I get hold of
anything I haven't sense enough to let go. But it is just
pure stubbornness in me, nothing else. He said he was
afraid to leave me with the ranch to run, and everything to
do, as it was so hard for me. But I have made out, and
now it is vacation, and things will work along fine. I will
get everything done up in shape, and in September go to
the coast for awhile.

I do cot see how our corner in the Bee Journal can be
improved, unless the sisters write oftener. I always read
that corner first. What I know about bees does not amount
to much, but I can learn, and I am going to try hatching
eggs over bees, and will let you know about it. If I try it
myself then I will know for certain.

Does Mr. York buy honey direct from the bee-keepers?
I should like to avoid the middle man.

Riverside Co., Calif., May 22. Mary E. Avkka.

Well 1 you certainly do have your hands full. You
certainly are a helpmeet, indeed. How nice to be able to
have the help of your three children — nice for you, and for
them, too. I think you are pretty brave to stay alone
most of the time 5 miles from town or neighbors. I hope
you may be able to take that well-earned trip to the coast
in September, and that it may be a very enjoyable one.

I shall watch with interest to learn how those eggs turn
out.

I think Mr. York has sometimes bought honey direct
from the bee-keepers.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office o( the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Transferred Colony Desertlcg or Swartnlnj;.

I am having some experience with the bees that is dif-
ferent from anything I have met with before, I am hand-
ling bees for some of my neighbors. Mr. H. called me to
transfer a swarm from a box to a Langstroth hive. The
next day he found them all back in the box, which had been
standing a short distance away. I drove them into a small
box and cut the comb out and tied it into the frames of the
new hive. They appeared to be contented for eight days
when they came out and left without settling or even halt-
ing. They built two pieces of new comb as large as my
hand. Now, please tell me why these things are thus.

Georgia.

Answer. — It isn't entirely clear from what you say just
how matters were. You say you transferred, and the next

day cut out the combs. From that I suppose that the first
day you merely drummed out the bees into an empty hive,
and it would be nothing very strange for them to desert
that and return to their old home. I don't know about the
swarming eight days later, but if they were transferred and
put on their old combs it hardly seems possible they would
totally desert, but it looks more like a case of genuine
swarming.

Laying Workers— Removing all aueen-Cells.

1. Will you kindly answer, through the American Bee
Journal, what I am to do with a colony of bees that has a
laying worker? The hive is full of drones, also quite a
number of workers.

2. What will be the consequence of removing all queen-
cells from a colony that eight days previous had cast a
swarm ? Will the colony have to be re-queened ?

Iowa.

Answers. — 1. The hive being full of drones, there are
probably not many workers, and the few that are left are
quite old, so the best thing is to break up the colony, distrib-
uting the combs, bees and all, to other colonies.

2. Very likely the colony would be all right, for a young
queen may have hatched already, but if no young queen has
emerged the colony will be hopelessly queenless.

Queen Mating Twice.

Thirty years ago I was a breeder of Italian queens in
Indiana. I have seen many queens leave the hive on the
bridal trip, but never knew nor heard of one leaving the
hive on two days in succession, and in both cases leaving
unmistakable evidence of a successful trip. Did you ever
know of such a case ?

The way I came to know this to be true was by seeing a
queen in May, just past, leave the hive and return. The
next day, about 2 p.m., I was taking the drones out of a
trap that I had set at this particular hive, as I did not want
it heavily stocked with drones now, that this young queen
had made her bridal trip. While clearing out the trap this
same queen flew down upon the landing of the front of the
hive and went in and leaving, as on the previous day, posi-
tive evidence of a successful trip.

I call attention to this in order that if it is common per-
sons should not destroy the drones until the queens begin
to lay eggs. Kansas.

Answer. — No, I never had any such case come under
my observation. I have read of one or more cases occurring
across the ocean, but I think this is the first case I ever
heard of in this country. The case is interesting for its
rarity, but I think it is of such infrequent occurrence that it
need not make any difference as to the keeping of drones.
Possibly, however, it is of more frequent occurrence than I
think.

Keeping Bees-How, Why, and What For?

1. How do you keep bees ?

2. IV/iy do you keep bees ?

3. Would you advise me to keep bees ? If so, wkal for?

Washington.

Answers. — 1. Your question is such a comprehensive
one that it is impossible to find room for a full answer in
this department. Indeed, I have written a whole book in
trying to answer the question, and it is none too fully
answered then. Answering in the most general way, I
keep bees in dovetailed hives and run for comb honey. If
you will specify any particular point you want me to tell
about, I'll be glad to answer further.

2. Partly for the enjoyment of it, partly for the money
in it, and partly for the intense interest in unsolved prob-
lems all the time coming up in connection with the pursuit.

3. I don't know. I'd like to get pretty well acquainted
with you before answering. You might invite me to spend
a fortnight with you at your home when I have leisure, so
as to learn something of your habits, tastes, and capabili-
ties. But then I hardly expect to have the leisure short of
twenty years, and you might not want to wait so long.
Answering the last part of your question first, you might
want to keep bees for the sake of your health, if you are
kept indoors most of the time ; if your taste runs strongly
in that direction yon might keep a few for pleasure ; if you

426

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

are in a good locality for bees with no bee-keeper near, and
are rightly built for business, you might go into it for
profit ; you might also go into it for the sake of having
honey of your own producing constantly on the table. Tak-
ing your question as a whole, if the ground is already oc-
cupied by other bee-keepers located within a mile or two, it
is hardly advisable for you to trespass on their preoccupied
territory. If the way is clear, and you are impressed with
the idea that you might be of the right material for a suc-
cessful bee-keeper, try it on a small scale, beginning with
not more than two or three colonies, and actual experience
will tell better than the most experienced bee-keeper can tell
by guessing at it, whether you can be successful or not.

Shaken Swarm Without the Shaking.

About two weeks before the white honey-flow was ex-
pected I placed under some of my strongest colonies hives
containing full sheets of foundation and combs. Then a
few days before the honey-flow I made some frames just the
size of the hives, of " parting stop " (a strip of wood jzxyi
inches), mitered at the corners, and covered these frames
with galvanized-wire screening, all but one corner, where I
put a piece of queen-excluder containing just one hole.
Then where the queen had not commenced to lay in the
lower hive I placed one of the frames from the upper hive
containing the least brood, eggs, etc., and put the empty
comb in the place of it. Then with little smoke I drove
nearly all the bees below ; put the wire-screen over the
lower hive, and the upper hive above. I examined them in
three days, and in every case found the queen was below
and filling every frame full of eggs, just as she would do if
it was a newly-hived sWarm, and enough bees were going
up through that one hole to care for the eggs and brood
above. Then I placed a super on the lower hive, with
either drawn comb or foundation in the boxes, and placed
the upper hive and screen above the super. Now —

1. Isn't this practically a shaken swarm without the
shaking ?

2. Won't I avoid swarming?

3. Will they store surplus honey in the super, as it is
nearest their brood-nest, or will they go to the trouble of
taking it up through that one small hole, away back in one
corner, and filling those old combs ? They have shown no
disposition to start queen-cells in the upper hive. I think
it is because of the screen. If everything works right I in-
tend to drive them all below in 21 days, and pile on the
supers, of course watching them in the meantime and giv-
ing them plenty of super-room.

We, in this part of Iowa, look for a grand white clover
honey harvest this year. Iowa.

Answers. — In this case I feel very much more like ask-
ing then answering questions, being very much interested
in the outcome of your experiment, and would rather say I
don't know, and ask you to tell us after you've been through
the mill. But if you promise faithfully to report after the
experiment is finished, I'll answer as well as I can.

1. It is certainly very much like it, but also like a plan
given by G. W. Demaree years ago, only he used Jhe ordi-
nary queen-excluder instead of the wire-cloth or screening,
and I suspect that makes a decided difference as to the
promptness with which the bees begin work below. That
is, I think they will begin work much more promptly with
your plan than with the excluder. The Demaree plan is
simply to give an empty story under the full one, with an
excluder between, putting the queen in the lower story.
The bees easily going up through the excluder, the queen
does not lay in the lower story generally for two or three
days, and Delos Wood reports that with him the plan is an
utter failure, the queen not laying at all. In your plan,
however, you have so little connection between the lower
and the upper story that the bees which have been smoked
below probably feel about the same as if there were no
brood above, so that after all they are much like a shaken
swarm.

2. I am inclined to think you will. Be sure to tell us
when you know.

3. I don't know, and I want very much to learn about it
from you.

I Do It Quick! E

$2.50 for

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee.fSOc;

The Western
Fruit-Grower, SOc;

$1.^

The American Poultry
Journal, SOc:

Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00

Sample Free

TleMoflern Farmer

St.Jaseph, ri)

flease mention Bee journal ■when writina

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
^ cut with one of your Com-
bined M.-ichines, last winter,
SO cha£f hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racl<s, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ffreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yoti say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee jDumal -when writing.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honev; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 NorthJMain Street, ■ Los Angeles, Cal.

Bees Doinpr Well.

Bees are doing well here this year. Some
honey has already been taken off. There were
very few swarms, and they were the earliest 1
ever saw, coming in April and the first of
May; none after May 10. C. A. Womack.

Mecklenburg Co., Va., June 16.

Heavy Loss of Bees.

Over 50 percent of our bees in this county
have spring-killed, and the balance are very
weak. The honey crop will be very small this
year in this country. Andrew Nelson.

Emery Co., Utah, .June 17.

Prospect foF a Good Crop.

Bees are doing fine 'just now. There is
every prospect for a good honey crop in this
locality. P. H. Davis.

Hennepin Co., Minn., June 16.

Favorable Season— Drones— Laying
Queens.

The weather in eastern Ontario has not
been favorable for a honey crop so far this
season. Between April 4th and June llth, we
had practically no rain, only about ^^, of an
inch fell in all that time. However, there
was an extraordinary crop of dandelions
from which the bees got enough to keep up
breeding. There was also a very good fruit-
bloom for a few days. The bees have worked
more on red clover here this season than I
ever knew them to do before. I presume it is
on account of the smallness and shortness of
the clover blossoms, as the result of the dry
weather which permitted them to reach the
bottom of the nectar cell. They are also work-

AN EXPERT'S ADVICE

tiUi be liiiil tree l.y wiitiiiir us. Mr. H. .M. Morton I
comliii-ts tins dt-purtiiieiit in our frent |

Poultry Supply

House. 1

Kvery necessity ot the poultry business carried, all
ft the highest quality. Also Standard Bred Poultry,
Hat+^hiiiff Eggs, etc. Write us your troubles and
your wants. Ask for catalogue B. Sent free.

W.J. Gibson A, Co., (Inc.,) Union Stock Yards. Chicago.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

Alrkfl«t*rml ^^^^ i^ over a quarter of a
*"^W 11U.1 century old and is still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR MIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Boston Excursions

via the Nickel Plate Road, June 25th
to 27th, inclusive ; also July 1st to Sth,
inclusive, at popular rates. Write City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex, Chi-
cago. 'Phones.Central, 2057 and Har-
rison 2208. CZ:r. ' ZZ. 17— 2SA3tG

July 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

427

FOR THE BEST

HIVES, SJMOKERS, EXXRAtiXORS, FOUWOAXIO.^'

Address,

HigginsTiUe,

Mo.

BEE>KEEPERS' S(JPPI>IES,

:m:fo-. oo.

1730 S. 13th Street,
Omaha, Neb.
?*lease mention Bae Jouma.', ■w>ieu ^p-Hti-ojtt

LEJ^H^ST

Adel (jaeeps and Bees.

nAll my Queens are reared by the good old-
fashioned system — the way they were reared
when all queens lived three years— the bees
stored lots of honey and gave such great satis-
faction. These Queens are large, hardy, and
reared from the best honey-gathering strain I
ever saw. Queens not coming up to above guar-
antee replaced or money returned.
'"One queen, $1.00; 3 queens, $2.75; 6 queens,
$5.00; 12 queens, $9.00. My new book on Queen-
Rearing given to all who purchase three or
more queens. Send for Catalog.
20Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham. MASS.

Please meation Bee Journal wtien iTTlUns

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used hy many bee-
keepers. Fail printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
Xe«' subscriber to the Bee Journal
>for a year at §1.00; or for $1.10 we
1 mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

*^ LEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesdau, flug. I2tli, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon — '

Saturday, Aug'. 15, 5:30 p.m.
€^3 Z.Z (Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car ....

Fridau,

flUQUSt UtH,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,

Round Trip
San Francisco, ^eu^°l?ng'.''°"''' $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, $2.00.

J. M. CONNELL,
Oeo. Agt.

SANTA FE '"SHlsiss.^"-

narshfleld Mannfactnring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal vrtien wxitinfi.

ing largely on wild mustard, which grows
among the grain on many farms in this sec-
tion. I was not aware that the honey-bee
worked to any extent on this plant.

On the 11th and 12th inst. we had a glori-
ous rain, and the weather has twen cool and
moist since. White clover is appearing in
considerable quantities, and if weather condi-
tions now continue favorable we expect to be
into the honey-flow about ne.tl week.

I put on my section supers last week. Three
of the colonies are working like Trojans in
theseutions; the others seem a little lazy at
starting.

Tell Dr. Miller that my colony with laying
worliers didn't have any laying workere, after
all, but it had a drone-laying queen — a late
arrival last fall, I suppose. When you wrote
me that you could not supply me with a queen
for some weeks, I simply pinched her bead
of! aud set the hive over another colony,
which was not very strong in bees. The two
together made a splendid colony, and the new
arrivals did not molest the other queen ; in
fact, she has done far better work since I
united them than before. W. A. Hanna.

Ontario, Canada, June 16.

Not a Promising Season.

With us during fruit-bloom the weather
was rainy, and the locust trees failed to bloom,
therefore a considerable source for honey was
a failure. Basswood is scarce, and white
clover not abundant. W. R. Young.

Frederick Co., Md., June Vi.

Italians vs. Blacks— Great Breeders.

On page :h6.d, Geo. B. Whitcomb is prepared
for, was. and is expecting, the support of
G. M. DoolitMe, but I will send him a shell or
two, and after the smoke has cleared away he
will see that " foxy old grandpa " is on the
other side.

In the first place. Mr. Doolittle has Italian
queens that are equal to any queens in Amer-
ica, and he would not exchange one of his
Italians for a half-dozen blacks. Nor does he
agree with Dr. Gallup on his umbilical-cord
theory. In fact, the best authority gives it a
black eye.

Now, as to Mr. Alley's queens. I have never
seen any of them, but I am satisfied that the
queens were all right when they were mailed,
but nearly if not all queens are injured to
some extent in shipping through the mails. I
have never had a queen from a distance that
was any good, but I use them as breeders
only, and rear as good queens from them as
can be found in America.

Now, Mr. Whitcomb, get yourself a pure
Italian queen, and rear a lot of queens from
her and requeen your apiary with them, and
you will have no more use for blacks.

Now, while my gun is loaded, I will fire a
shot at A. C. F. Bartz. On page 300, Mr.
Bartz, in speaking of stimulating brood-rear-
ing in spring, says the bees having been
out of the cellar about a month or more, four
or more combs are being filled by the hun-
dreds every minute. Now, look here, hun-
dreds of bees hatching every minute four or
more comijs — hundreds means at least 200, so
200 every minute means 288,000 bees in 24
hours, or o,",H8,000 bees in 21 days. That's
very good, Mr. Bartz, for a queen with four
or more combs. A. S. Anderson.

Kendall Co., Tex., June 14.

TransfeFFing Bees— Saving Combs.

On page 376, Miss Rebecca Halley descrilws
how she transferred a colony of bees. No
comb or brood was transferred, but comb
foundation was oflered as a starter, and, of
course, something of an inducement to the
bees to occupy a new home.

I have transferred hundreds of colonies
from all manner of cavities, such as trees in
the forest, round log hives, board box-hives,
etc. Oftentimes the comb was worthless, or
about so, except such as contained brood
often hatching; in large numbers. To trans-
fer this for the double purpose of saving the
young bees and serving as an inducement to
the bees to occupy their new home I deem
good economy, even if the comb is too poor to

428

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

tie of value in the hive after the young bees
have hatched and the colony is permaneDtly
and satisfactorily established in their new
quarters. For it can then be removed, and
comb foundation can be substituted.

My method of fitting such old comb in the
frames is to lay the frame on a board where
the pieces of comb can be fitted in by straight-
ening their edges with a knife, and I have
used as many as a dozen pieces to fill one
frame. To hold them in position I use splints
not to exceed >4 of an inch in diameter, cut
so as to extend about '^ of an inch above and
below the top and bottom-bars. These splints
are notched at each end and wired together.
I have put on as many as six pairs of splints
on one frame. The bees will weld the comb
together in two or three days, and fasten it to
the frame, after which the splints should be
removed, if it is intended to let the combs re-
main after the brood has hatched.

But because comb is dark only it should
not be condemned, as it is often valuable. I
have frequently found good worker-comb full
of brood in sheets that would fill a standard
Langstroth irame, which would contain about
3,000 bees, and were well worth saving, even
if the comb is discarded as soon as the brood
has emerged.

The matter of first driving the bees out of
the old hive is of much importance, which can
be readily accomplished by turning the old
hive mouth up; putting a box or a nail-keg
over the mouth of the hive will answer a good
purpose to hold them until the comb is trans-
ferred to the new hive and placed on the new
stand, where the bees can be hived as we hive
any natural swarm, and they will not desert
it. G. BoHRER, M. D.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

5

Brood 'Rearing in Cuba.

A. I. Koot, who is at present amusing him-
self watching his .500 colonies in Cuba, reports
this in Gleanings in Bee Culture :

We have found trouble so far in getting the
bees to rear brood in the winter time. The
weather is certainly warm enough, and pollen
is coming in great plenty ; but the brood-nest
is apparently so filled with honey that the
queen can not find a place to deposit eggs. I
have been very reluctant to accept this as an
explanation ; but other bee-keepers assure me
such is the case, and some of them say our
red-clover strain is worse than any other in
thus filling every empty space with honey. 1
have suggested getting hybrids, or, better
still, some of the Syrian or Holy Land bees,
that are such prrsLstent rearers of brood in sea-
son and out of season; but the objection is
made that they swarm so much the remedy is
worse than the disease. All agree the red-
clover bees are the fellows for honey if we
could only keep up the population of the
hives. Throwing out the honey with the ex-
tractor seems to be the only remedy, and some
seem to think the great objection to produc-
ing comb honey here is the filling of the
brood-nest with honey so no young bees can
be reared.

Dry Cellars and Lots of Pure Air.

These suit T. F. Bingham, the smoker man.
He says in the Bee-Keepers' Review :

We are well pleased with our cellar experi-
ments and believe (mind you, believe, not
know) that in less than 20 years it will be
demonstrated that the temperature of a bee-
cellar (I mean a cement cellar, not a house-
cellar) may go up and down, from frost to .50
degrees without injury to the bees if only the
the air is as pure and dry as it is out-of-doors.
I have no cellars to sell, but I am aware that
a cement bee-cellar, to be lirst-olass, ought to
be built just as soon as the snow goes oil,
and be sawdusted and dried all summer, so as
to be absolutely seasoned before the bees are
put into it.

It must be borne in mind that, at present,

THousands ot Hives - Millions of Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONIvY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wlscoasin, U. S. A.

Please meotion Bee Joiiraai -when wnitirr-

paid

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-
wax. We are paying
28 cents a pound —
CASH— for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

^

Business Qoeens,

Bred from best Italian houey-gatheringr stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
metliods. Guaranteed to be g'ood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each. Untested ready July 1st.
Tested about July 15th. Address,

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtt Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

Excursions to Boston

June 25th to 27th, inclusive ; also July
1st to 5th, inclusive, via Nickel Plate
Road. Especially low rates. Liberal
return limits. Particulars at City
Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., and Union
Ticket Office, Auditorium Annex. Chi-
cago. 'Phones Central S057 and Har-
rison 2208. 18— 25A3t

Natick House, "^Toi angeles.

HART BROS., Proprietors.

"The Popular Hotel," remodeled; 75 additioual rooms, all newly furnished. Everything'
strictly first-class. Elevator. American plan, $1.25 to $3.00; latter includes suites with private
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the National Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention,
Aug. IS, 19 and ZO.

W^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Everything

FOR BEES...

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Catalog with hundreds
.NEW illustrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

AGENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co..

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shngart & Ouren.

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

?!§

13D13t

Please mention Bee Journal "when wiitine

SSQQ

Qneeos KowReady to Supply bu Returnllail

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
/^^1J_^_ I4-.«II.«»«.«^ Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
(jOlClen Italians 75cents;6forf4.00.

Red Clover Queens,

Carniolans

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER,

which left all records behind in honey-
gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others. Untested, $1.00.

2146-2148 Central Avenue,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. V. Muth and A. Muth.)

Please Mention the Bee Joarnal I^I?rS?s"?.

Julv 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

429

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangemeiits so that we can
fmmish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sn lom zsm sob

Sweet Clover |white)....$ .75 $1.40 J3.2S f6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

AUlkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.25 S.0O

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to jonr order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W.YORK A CO.
144 £ 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI,

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tong'ued
(Moore's), and Select,Straig-ht
S-band Queens. Bred 2% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on larg-e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TEKN.

Flease mention Bee Jonmal "wlien "writms

Bee=Supplies

Very best ot
goods, lar-
m M gest stock in

Indiana. Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE

and get our

Special Prices.

^Tee.^ C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

OnCCr MUNCT and easy to make

u work for ue. We wili start you in

leee and furnish the capital. Work

|light and easy. Send 10 cenU for full

line of Bamples and particulars.

DKAPER PUBLISQINQ CO.. Chicago, lilt.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS,

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling- for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands id Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

fl.H.HftlSSON, G.P.fl., Ghicaou.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

WARM YOUR HOUSE

at low .-..i-t l.y u^ini; the LCAItElt .-ti-i-l t iiniai-e.
Saves cc.al. time, trouble. Send for free l-...,klet .N... IT
lieu Warmlue and Ventilating Co., C'hleuffo, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal ■wn.-u wTiun»

Saratoga Excursion

July 5th and 6th, at $17.45 for the round
trip, via Xickel Plate Road. Final re-
turn limit July 20th. Three trains
daily to Xew York City and Boston.
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. "Phone Central 2057. ll~25A3t

cement is the unly cheap material that will
furnish the warmth of the earth without the
moisture of I In- soil or' water sun-ouiuUn;; it.
r_- A ilry room surrounded by the warm earth
must be depemluil upon in order to allow the
central upward ventilating flues. It is alone
by them that dry, fresh air can at present be
supplied in sullicient volume to meet the de-
mand of the bees. My three Hues are all wide
open now ; and the bees are not roaring be-
cause they have or have not a " sniff '' of the
spring air.

These three Hues have a superficial area of
710 inches, eiiiial to one flue about five feet
wide by one foot thick, reaching up into the
air sixteen feet.

The Queen's Retinue.

That retinue .surrounding the queen is some-
thing after this fashion in this locality :

Under normal circumstances, when a queen
is traveling over the comb, no worker accom-
panies her. It she runs against the hind end
of a worker, the worker will pay no more at-
tention to her than to another worker. If,
however, the worker is in such position that
she can reco^rnize the presence of the queen,
whether the queen touches her or not, the
worker will invariably squarely face the
queen ; and if the queen stands still lony
I'liovi/li there will be a circle of bees all facing
centrally. As soon, however, as the queen
moves on, the circle breaks up, never to be
formed again of the same bees. — tileanings in
Bee-Culture.

Uniting Weak Colonies.

The following discussion upon this topic
at the Ontario convention is taken from the
Canadian Bee .Journal :

Mr. Chrysler — In August or the first of Sep-
tember, I simply set one on top of the other
for a few days and get them all in one hive-
body ; it they needed feeding for the winter I
would feed them then. I would pay no atten-
tion to the queens; they settle that them-
selves.

Mr. Dickenson — Unless you knew one
queen was better than another*

Mr. Chrysler — Oh, certainly.

Mr. Byer— Wouldn't a number of bees go
back to their old stand *

Mr. Chrysler — I wouldn't care very much
for that.

Mr. McEvoy — Did I understand Mi'.
Chrysler to say he simply set one on top of
the other and unite them?

Mr. Chrysler — I would set them on top of
one another and let them be like that for a
few days when I would come along again and
dispose ot the frames not occupied and get
them all in one hive-body ; they would be one
colony then.

Mr. McEvoy — I would get the bees to fill
themselves pretty thoroughly upon their own
stand and do the work in the evenings as late
as I could do it and then unite them at once.
I would raise the hive 2 or 3 inches from the
bottom and shake the bees down and let them
run in and give them a fair smoking so as to
knock all the fight out of them.

Mr. Heise — I k'o to the hives I wish to unite
and remove all the frames except just what
the bees occupy ; I do that one evening and
the next evening I come along and generally
lift three out of one hive and place them in
the other, leaving space for one frame be-
tween; let them remain on those for three or
four days or a week and then I put the rest of
the frames in and I have never noticed any
fight.

Empty or Filled Frames for Forced

Swarms '■"

.1. F. Crane says, in Gleaningsjn ^Bee-Cul-

If we shake our bees into an empty hive
there will be a loss of ten days to two weeks
(usually), unless they are very strong, and
honey very aliundant, before they will do
much in the surplus apartment. Some writ-
ers say they '-an get more surplus honey
when a swarm is compelled to build combs in
the brood-chamber than when given founda-

Prize =WinninQ

Daughters of Moore's famous long-tongued
red clover Italian Queen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the loog-
est-tongued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just roll in the honev,'" as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, $4.00; dozen, $7.50. Selected Untested, $1.00
each; si.\,$5.00; dozen, $9.0(1. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Cif^iiar free.
J. P. MOORE,

25Alf Lock Box I. MORGAN. KY.

MountiUnlonGoil6Q6

Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum eflficieacy at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co-
education, health conditions
religious influence, superior.

Send for catalog.

MOUNT UMOX COIjLEGE,

Alliance, Ohio.

Rural Telephones —Telephones are becomiutr
very common in rural communities and the
more they are used the greater their apprecia
tion. The low cost of maintaining a service of
this kind makes it possible for those who are in
en verv raod-
-ate circura-

nec t ion with
their neighbors
and with neigh-
boring towns.

It may safely
be said that the
telephone has
solved more
problems than
any other inven-
tion of modern
times. It has
made farm-life
more attractive
and brought into
close communi-
cation those who
have formerly
been widely sep-
arated. It is now
a commoh thing
to have daily
conversations with friends or relatives who live
many miles away and where formerly ex-
change of friendly greeting or consultations
concerning business was a matter of considera-
ble time and a journey of several miles; it is
now a matter of minutes and of going to a tele-
phone in the house.

In the matter of business alone any farmer
can well afford to pay the small cost of a tele-
phone, for there will be dozens of times during
the year when he can make or save money by
being in almost instantaneous touch with his
market town.

Putting in operatfon a telephone line is very
simple. Any one can do it, and it requirej no
special skill to keep in repair and operate a
line. There are numerous makes of telephones
for rural Mna^ on the market, but the ones made
by the Siromberg-Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co.,
Chicago, 111., is having the largest sale and is
giving the best satisfaction. This is one of the
oldest houses in this line in the country, and
the telephones made by this Company have
been found to be perfect in their adaptation to
the uses of people in country places.

The Company publishes a very interesting
Catalog, and we would advise our readers to
send for one, and see for themselves how easy
it is to "gel on the line." Address, Stromberg-
Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co., F 4, Chicago, 111.,
and do not forget to .say we invited vou to do so.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

430

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

tion or combs; but that is not my experience.
In 1901 I gave six or eight shaken swarms,
that were very strong, brood-frames having
only starters or half an inch of foundation
under the top-bar; but 1 found such did not
store nearly as much surplus as those given
full sheets of foundation or old combs; and
out of all there were not half a dozen good
brood-combs — nearly all was drone-comb. So
J find it much better to "shake" on to full
iframes of foundation well wired to shaking
into empty hives.

But foundation has its drawbacks or disad-
vantages, or is not wholly satisfactory as a
preventive of swarming. During the present
season I shook some fifty or sixty colonies
into hives with foundation. Some eight or
,ten of these swarmed out a day or two later,
some of them without touching the founda-
tion, while others drew it out a littleand then
decamped.

As my queens' wings were all clipped, some
of the queens returned with a few bees with
them while other colonies remained silent.
Where the bees are content to stay on foun-
dation they usually do well, although, if the
queen is old or poor, they will frequently
start a little brood and a few queen-cells, and
then swarm again.

I have had the best results from " shaken '■
swarms when shaken on to old combs carried
over from the previous year, or from hives
where the bees died during the winter or
spring. If these combs contain considerable
honey it does no harm. I think I should pre-
fer to have them about half full of honey.
Last year 1 gave one such forced swarms a
hive full of combs that were nearly solid with
honey, and they did nicely. But if the combs
are quite free of honey, and if you have a
good-sized swarm, and honey is plentiful in
the fields, they will soon have enough.

Spreading Brood.

This is practiced after the following
fashion by the Texas editor of the Progressive

We will take a normal colony at the open-
ing of spring and as soon as we find that the
queen has brood in two frames we will select
two nice combs that are about one-third full
of honey at the top and will set two of these
Combs one on each side of the two frames of
brood; thus we will have two frames in the
center of brood, the one next on each side
partially empty, and beyond these the two
combs of pollen.

In about two weeks we will return to this
colony and we will find that the queen has ex-
tended her brood, and now has four frames
filled. We will proceed as before and slip in
two more combs next to the four containing

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuolei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gatheritig- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .80

One Tested Queen 1.00

One Select Tested Queen. 1.2S

One Breeder Queen 2.00

Oise - Comb Nucleus (no
Queen) 1.10

Queens sent by return
mail. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For price on Doz. lots send for
catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Please mention Bee Joumat -when srriting.

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys. Ulrls. olriandyouDtraUke,
make money working (ot ub.
We fnrnlBh cftpitaJ toulartyoD in bnal-

BOYS

-

L^tiW^

-4^^

-A

=P^f=

—

^-

r 3

a

=2

= ^

^^m

=

4^-

:': 3

TAKE NOTICE!

Your wire fence don' t sag if It' s tbe PAGE.

PAHK WOVK.N «IUK KKNCK CO.. AldtlAN, MICH.

rtefse mention Bee Journal wtieu wriunji

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St.,

CHICAGO, ILl,.

B

IINGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

25Atf T. F. BINQHAM.Parwell, Mir

Please mention Bee Journal ■when •writlns

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices,
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

QueeUSf they roll in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, supe^rior. Carniolans, setllr.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL, MAY. JUNE

Untested $1.00 each; 6 for $ S.OO

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00

Tested 2.00 each; 6 for 10,00

Select Tested 3.00 each; 6 for 15.00

Send for Catalog^ and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO. ^iTc'i^^/^ToAib

Best money can buy $5.00 each.

2-franie Nuclei with Select Untested
Queeu $2.75

Please mentioa Beeioamal

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

other make. _ ^. ...r^..^ ..^

Working -wax into Foundation tor Casli a Specialty. Beesvcax
alTways -vranted at iiighest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

brood, always moving the pollen-combs to-
wards the walls and finally making use ot them
for brood. Now, by the lime the queen has
the six frames full of brood we may expect
that the two middle ones are about full of
eggs again, the first eggs laid therein have
hatched out. At this juncture, just as the
queen begins filling them the second time,
if we will insert, between the two middle
combs, empty combs, they will be filled at
once with eggs, and fuller than they would
be filled if placed on the outside. There is
one great truth to learn in spreading brood,
and that is that we must not chop brood, and
by this I mean placing empty combs in be-
tween combs of capped brood, or the giving
of combs faster than the queens can fill or the
bees keep warm.

Hiving Extraordinary— A True Story,

The following novel plan was adopted by
an oldlskeppist, owning, at least, 170 colonies
of bees:

One hot day at the end of .June several
swarms issued simultaneously, and the bee-
man had only three empty skeps, which would
not hold one-half the bees. So, feeling sure
that many other swarms would turn out dur-
ing the day, he emptied the second lot in
question into a sack and tied them up. Later
the same day, as expected, many others (he
could not say how many) of his numerous
skeps followed suit, and the swarms were
treated in the same way. Then he sent for
more skeps, and ordered a long stand. When
these came home a few days after, he untied
the sack and laded out the bees with a hand-
bowl. In this way nine skeps were filled, all
of which were placed on the stand. This
done, he turned the sack inside out and shook
it ! " Now, guy'ner '' (he said, when I called
a few days ago), "how is it them bees
wouldn't bide? Every blessed skepwas empty
within a week. 1 k no lex there was £10 worth
of bees went away." Then he added, " It's
the wust season I ever knowed — stified 50 lots
an' only got 7 ewt. of honey."— A Country
Parson, in the British Bee journal.

How Shall Bee -Statistics Be Gath.
ered ?

S. E. Miller thinks we should invoke the
aid of the general government. He says in
the Bee-Keepers' Review :

In regard to a honey crop report, I think
we should direct our energy toward the De-
partment of Agriculture. I think that if the
importance of this matter were fully shown
up to the Secretary of Agriculture he would
not hesitate to incorporate a honey report
along with the regular crop report, as now
issued. The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion would have to furnish him the names of
intelligent bee-keepers throughout the coun-
try who would be willing to report regularly
each month. No doutrt they would be ex-

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet thofte w ho work for ub. Cow keepera al ., *v«

iree profits. Euy work. We furinh capllil. SenJ
, iO cents for full line ot nsmplraand psttkuUrs.

DKAPEK PUBLISHINa CO., Chicago, Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal ^vhen ■wrltL'i'

Fourth of July

rates via the Nickel Plate Road. One
fare for the round-trip, July 3d and 4th,
within 200 miles of starting point. Re-
turn limit July 6th. Chicago Ticket
Offices, 111 Adams St., and Auditorium
Annex. 'Phones Central 2057 and Har-
rison 220a 12-25A3t

r'„i:«rx*-r<i<i I It yon care to know of lt«
C'SlllOrnia l Fruits, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of C«U-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leadlne Hortlcnltural and Agrlcnltoril
oaoer of the Pacific Coast. PnblUhed weekly,
kandsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-

"'"""^'pTcific rural press.

330 Market Street, • Sam Framcisco, Cal.

July 2, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

431

pected to report on all afjricultural crops at
the same time. This would be very little ad-
ditional expense to the department of Agri-
culture, compared to what it would cost the
National Bee-Keepers' Association to gather
it and print it for distribution, as the cost of
postage alone would be a large item to the
latter.

Pear-Blight, Ants, and Bees.

Editor Root makes a case against the ants
as the carriers of pear-blight, exonerating the
bees. He says:

The statement is made in American Garden-
ing, referring to pear-blight, that the blighted
twigs exude a mill<-white liquid; that this
fluid the bees are likely to get and spread to
the flowers of healthy twigs which they may
visit. The bees would have no occasion for
sucking up the virus, and there is no use in
laying the blame on them, where common
ants (very numerous in California where the
blight is the worst) crawl all through it and
thence all over the trees. While the bees
may spread the virus from a diseased to a
healthy blossom, it is extremely improbable
that they should seek out the poisonous sap
from a diseased twig.

While I was in California looking through
those great pear-orchards, so fearfully blighted,
I saw ants in great numbers crawling all over
the diseased and healthy twigs, and some of
the twigs were covered with that deadly
milky fluid. I believe the time will come
when it will be proven that the bees are not
the chief means of spreading the blight; that
those ever-present ants, that are continually
crawling over the trees from top to bottom,
will be declared to be the real culprits. —
Gleanings in Bee-CuItiU'e.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find It more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1 6 12

Honey Queeus (ante8ted)..$ .75 $4.00 $7.00
(Tested).... 1.25 6.00 11.00
Golden " ( Untested). . .75 4.00 7.(M)

*' " (Tested).... 1.25 6.00 1100

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders^ $3.ik) each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig'ht shLpping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in liVframe hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.
Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.
Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
j May IS. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.
l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Texas.— The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
meets in annual convention at the Agricultural
and Mechanical College, at Collegt' Station,
Texas, July 7 to 10, inclusive, during the Texas
Farmers' Congress meetings. Cheap excursion
rates. Large crowds. A good time. Learn a
heap. Meet your fellow-men, and talk. Ex-
hibits of all kinds of stuff. Premiums of all
kinds awarded. Come, and bring what you
have, and take home some of the premiums.
You are invited. Be sure to be there. JulvTtolO.
1903, at the A.&M.C. of Texas, College Station.

Hunter, Texas. Louis H. Scholl, Sec.

■5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

ith the first S5 you

b jfood paying: busi-

for fuU line of samples

ne»s. Send 10

and directions how to bepin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Cbicaso, His.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.

Wanted, to Buy

BLACK NATIVE BEES, about SO colonies.
Address. BOX 21. VINELA.ND, MICH.

"What Happened to Ted"

BV ISABBLLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty striclfen are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an iusight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 E.^ST Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mentioo. Bee Journal -when "WTitin^

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson 8ti£f-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal tor one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL.

VENTILATED
BUSHEL

These crates are the most
that can be used on the far
and other fruits and votr'tu
stored and taken to mari<:et
handling. They allow air
through them. Our crati-
ready to nail together. M;
and with decent care will 1;
be "nested" together to sto
trated booklet No. 11 tellin;

CRATES

onvenient things

Apples, potatoes

I'S can be gathered,

in them without re-

to circulate freely

cost 8 cents each

(io of best material

^! a lifetime. Can

away. Our illus-

all about them free. ,

GENEVA COOPERAGE CO., GENEVA,

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QIOTATIONS

Chicaoo, June S.— The market is lifeless, no
movement except extracted at low prices. Best
grades of white extracted, SS4(Si'j cents; amber,
5@5^c. Comb honey is held at ISc for choice
white, and anything not grading up to meet
this requirement sold at 2(3)Sc less per pound.
Beeswax, 32c. R. A. BnRNKTT s Co.

Kansas City, June 9.— No comb honey In our
market. White or light amber would sell
quickly at $3.50 for 24-sectiou cases. Demand
light for extracted, at from 5H@6}^c. Beeswax
in demand at 25@30c. C. C. Clemons St. Co.

Albany, N. Y., June 20.-;Honey market quiet
here; prices nominal and light receipts. We
quote light comb, l£®16c; mixed, 14@l5c, Ex-
tracted, white, 6>4@7Hc; amber, t)@6^c; dark
5>s(a tic. Beeswax, 3l@32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5H@6Mc in barrels; white
clover, 8@0c; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, 15©16c for fancv. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, May 21. — Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll(a'13c, according to quality
and in large lots make concessions from these
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@31c.

HiLDRBTH II SBQBLKBn.

Cincinnati, June 8.— We have reached the
time when there is no settled prices in the
honey market. Everybody is waiting to learn
how the crop will turn out, therefore we will
sell or ask the old price; fancy water-white
comb brings lS@16c. Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, 5'4@5}^c; in cans, 6@6)ic; white clover,
8@8)^c. Beeswax, 30r. C. H. W. Weber.

_ TRACTED HONEY !

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee Journal •when -writins.

WANTED I

California Comb Honey in car-iots. it

will pay jou to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

24Atf Maxzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If you are Interested In Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published In the United Statei.

Wool Markets aad Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
hla Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7 Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CNICABO- ILL.

Rease mention Bee Journal when writine

BEE'SUPPLIES!

WbnOTS GOOo,sT|

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

432

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 2, 1903.

^^^^-^^^^^^^^

Th'e Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
Mill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W, M. Gerkish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

please ir.eiiT,ioti Bee Joximai ■when ■writina.

Fourth of July Excursion

over the Nickel Plate Road at one fare
for the round-trip, within a radius of
200 miles from starting point. Tickets
on sale July 3d and 4th, with return
limit of July 6th. Through trains daily
in each direction between Chicago,
Cleveland, Buffalo, New York, Boston,
and intermediate points. Every facil-
ity offered for the comfort of the trav-
eling public. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 3Sc to SI. 00, and
meals a la carte, in dining-cars on
Nickel Plate Road. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phones Central 2057 and Harrison 2208.
13— 2SA3t

f Bee-Keepers, Remember

f

4

that the freight rates from Toledo
are the lowest of any city in the U.S.
We sell

Root's Supplies at their
^1 Factory Prices * * ♦ * ♦

i Poultry Supplies and Hardware Im-

^ plements a specialty. Send for our

A, free Illustrated Catalog. Honey and

m Beeswax wanted.

GRIGGS BROS.,

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

14A13t

Please i

the Bee Journal.

.$300,000,000.00 AYtAK

and you may have part i<f it If you work
for us. Unrle Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c tor samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you iu

_ ' business. Draper Piil)llsbliigCo.,Chlcago,lll.

Please mention Bfie Journal when -writins.

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ! •*

BOSTON

Money in Bees for Yon.
Catalog Price on

ROOT'S SUPPLIES l\

Catalog for the Asking.

F. tt. PARMER, &

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. §

Up First Flijfht. a

16A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

tie,.ie^ia,je,ja,je,ja,y!,je,ja,ja,je»:i!^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^x-,T^^^?ii?m'i%^°Lll^^^:' •

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

^JVht/ Hn(*e if Cf^II en Vl/f^il V Because it has always given better satis-
rviiy UUCd II »CII »U well r faction than any other. Because in 15 year*

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on IHg Honey-Bee — Re'i/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal -when •writing

THE JUNE FIRST NUMBER OF

I Gleanings In Bee-Gullure I

contains two very interest-
ing articles, both of which
are fully illustrated with
new views, to-wit,

Bee-Keeping in Jamaica

AND

Glimpses of Cuban Apiaries.

Page 516 of this issue 5
contains a price-list of the 5
NEW S

I Aikin Honey -Bags. |

This new package for the putting up of K-x- "
tracted Honey was fully described in the Mar. 1st
number by Mr. Aikin." This is something that
should interest every producer of liquid honey.

Gleanings one year and one Untested Italian
Queen, SI. 00. We are mailing these promptly.
Gleanings 6 months, 25 cents.

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina, Oliio, U.S.A.

■^^P> oTinn/in nr vrkntT- o. nn 144 ^t 146 Erie Street,

■V^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. Chicago ill.,

are lieadquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send
to them for their free Catalog.

Nat'l Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18-20

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 9, 1903.

No. 28,

434

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEELY BY

GEORGE VI. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

3 Second-

EDITOR,
OE30R.OE3 -W. 'S-OR.IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

SabscriptioD Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To proteci and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hctchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 145 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E". Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tohpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

t

SENT BY RETURN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WKBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Pleage Menfion the Bee Jonrnal I^lgiS^....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Tbree Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVlLLEy O.

[This Cut is the i-^ULL Size of the Knife.)

Vour Name on the Knife.— Wbea orderlug", be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put ou the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining-s are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring'-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the '* Novelty " is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the '* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and l&
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife haTing[
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this'beautiful knife, as tb^ ** 5fovelly " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th«
one sending us ihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$.VJO.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,

4S~Please allor" •»bout two weeks for your knife order to be tiUe<i.

ChicagOf 111

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 9, 1903.

No. 28.

(

Editorial Comments

)

The Value of a Purchased Queen is not a thing always
readily determined. It you get a queen represented to be of the best
stock, and you do not find her to do as good work at laying as your
average colonies, do not be in haste to condemn her. Rear queens
from her, and see what their worth will be. Sometimes it happens
that a queen, which has been doing excellent work, turns out after a
journey in the mails to be a very poor layer. That, however, may
have no real bearing on her value as a breeder, and young queens
reared from her may be as good as if she had never been in the mail-

Self-Spacing Frames may and may not be a good thing. As
in other things, something depends upon the purpose for which they
are used, and the management. In the present number Leslie Burr
enters an earnest protest against them for use in extracted-honey pro-
duction. In his case the exception is well taken. Whether to be
used in Cuba or further north, frames that are to be used part of the
time at one distance and part of the time at another, should not be
self-spacing. For the term " self-spacing " may be considered prac-
tically synonymous with " fixed-distance," and such frames are not
desirable to be used except at the one distance suggested by the ar-
rangement for automatic spacing. For those, however, who use the
same spacing in the extracting-super as in the brood-chamber, or
whose extracting frames are distinct from the brood-frames, as welj
as for comb-boney producers, fixed-distance frames offer advantages
not lightly to be esteemed.

Something About Average Yields Per Colony.— There

is no question that there is such a thing as overstocking, and that in
general the yield per colony will be increased by decreasing the num-
ber of colonies kept. In a place where white clover is the chief pas-
turage, there might be enough to keep a hundred colonies busy while
the white clover bloom lasted. Suppose each colony should store 100
pounds from white clover. Under the supposition that each colony
had all it could do, the yield of white clover honey would not he at all
increased per colony if any smaller number than 100 colonies were
kept. Whether 100 colonies be kept, or only a single colony, the
number of pounds of clover honey gathered by each colony would be
the same, although the total crop would be decreased in proportion to
the decrease of colonies.

But on the supposition that 100 colonies could keep all the clover
nectar licked up, then 101 colonies could not average as many pounds
as 100. Not only that, but there would be an actual falling off of the
total crop, by the amount of honey used by the additional colony tor
its own consumption. If, now, we keep increasing the nunjberof
colonies, we will keep decreasing both the total yield and the yield
per colony, until we reach that point where there will not be a drop
of surplus, the bees requiring all they gather for their own consump-
tion.

But another factor comes in to be considered — the scattering
honey-plants aside from the clover. Under some conditions these
will make so little difference as to be scarcely worth considering, while

under other conditions they may make such a notable difference as to
mislead the novice greatly. Suppose these scattering plants give a
continuous yield throughout the whole season — say five months — but
suppose the yield so small that two colonies can take care of the whole
of it. If these two colonies are all that are on the field, then instead
of being limited to about five weeks on the clover, they will have five
months in which to store, or tour times as long. Each one ought
then to store four times as much as it confined to the clover, or 400
pounds.

Right here is where the novice is misled, for he is pretty sure to
figure that with ten times, or fifty times, as many colonies he will have
ten or fifty times as much surplus. Whereas, as soon as his apiary of
two colonies is increased to six, he will find his average yield per
colony just cut in two, and constantly diminishing with further in-
crease.

Bees Poisoned by Yellow Jessamine. — C. S. Harris has a
location in Florida where this plant is abundant, in several places
covering nearly an acre of ground, and he says in the American Bee-

When I began keeping bees here and discovered, in the spring,
great numbers of bees dying and dead in front of the hives, I sup-
posed they were stricken with paralysis, and yet the symptoms did not
appear exactly like those of that disease. Most of the affected were
the just-hatched, downy ones, and they had no trembling motion, but
seemed stupefied or intoxicated. The old bees affected had the dis-
tended, shiny appearance of bee-paralysis, it is true, but ordinarily
they were few, except in queenless colonies, or where, for any reason,
but little brood was being reared. Very fortunately the queens are
seldom affected.

After a few seasons I found that this trouble made its appearance
with the jessamine bloom, from which the bees stored some honey and
considerable pollen, and disappeared entirely with the end of that
bloom. One point that made this more noticeable was that the blos-
soming of this vine is a movable period, varying with the season from
December to March, and even April, remaining in bloom from four
to six weeks. I have discussed this trouble with several physicians,
and all of them say it is undoubtedly jessamine poisoning, having
almost the same action upon the bee as the poison extracted from the
root of the vine has upon the human system.

Formaldehyde. — An al-de-hyde isan«?-cohol (Zf-/ij/rfrogenated,
and, as a rule, an alchol is transformed into aldehyde when it loses
two atoms of its hydrogen. Methyl alcohol (C H3 O H) when de-
prived of H becomes C H O H, called formic aldehyde, because it
very readily changes to formic acid (C H O O H). Shortening the
term "formic aldehyde,'' we have f'trmaldehyde. It is largely used
under the name of formalin, which is a 40 percent preparation put up
by the Schering Chemical Works. It is probably the most destructive
germicide known, although having little effect upon animals or man,
the fumes being breathed, it is claimed, with little inconvenience.
Yet it can hardly be a wholesome article of diet, tor the doctors of
Chicago object bitterly to its use in milk to keep it from souring, say-
ing that such milk is death, slow but sure, if continuously fed to
babies.

It must not be understood that formalin is a cure for foul brood.
All that is claimed for it is that by its use foul-broody combs may be
disinfected so that they may be safely used in a healthy colony. Even
this is a very important matter, as thousands of dollars have probably
been heretofore lost by the burning of such diseased combs.

The combs are submitted to the effect of the gas, and the most
convenient way to use it is probably by means of formalin pastils

436

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

Vaporized in Schering's formalin lamp. The lamp costs $l.Tb, includ-
ing 40 pastils, and pastils cost 30 cents for a box of 20.

For reliable disinfection of rooms in dwellings, one pastil is used
tor every 18 cubic feet. If it can be used at the same rate in disinfect-
ing combs, a single pastil ought to be enough to disinfect 100 combs
piled up in hive-bodies, costing only l^.j cents. Actual practice, how-
ever, will be necessary to determine the minuti;e, and to ascertain to a
.certainty that the disinfectant absolutely destroys all the spores.

The main facts here given have been obtained from Schering and
Glatz, New York, the United States agents for Schering Chemical
Works.

To Make a Smoker-Nozzle Stay On, it is advised in the
Bee-Keepers' Review to " press the edges of the slippery top into the
ground, and the grit in the soil will adhere to it so that it will
stay on."

c

Association Notes

General Manager, N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis., reported
June 37 that he had extracted 36,175 pounds of clover honey to date,
and was still getting from 1300 to 2000 pounds per day. He must cer-
tainly be a busy man, with his National Association and bee-inspect-
ing work to attend to besides.

Convention Trip to California. — Prof. A. .1. Cook, of Los
Angeles Co., Calif., has this to say about it, in a letter dated June 22 :

Of course, every one will wish to attend the National Convention
in Los Angeles next August. I wish to give some suggestions which
I am sure all will want to act upon.

Those who take the Santa Fe route should by all means go a day
earlier and stop off at the Grand Canyon. A year ago I, with a party
of 33 others, went specially to see this great wonder of the world. It
cost myself, wife, and daughter, nearly $150, and yet we felt it all
paid, and will never regret the trip. There were 26 in our party, and
we had our own sleeper, which we kept on the ground during our two
days' stay. Surely, no one can afford to come to Los Angeles and
not stop off to see this great marvel of scenery, especially when the
expense is only about $6.00 extra. I hope it will not be simply 18, but
18 times 18 who will avail themselves of this incomparable oppor-
tunity to have an outing that will never be regretted. The whole trip
will be marvelously cheap considering what it means.

I would suggest that all who come return by way of the Denver i
Rio Grande, where there will be another opportunity to feast upon
scenery that rarely has anything to exceed it the world over. The
Grand Canyon of Arkansas, through which this road runs, is cer-
tainly grand beyond compare.

I wish also to speak of two other routes home which will take
longer time and will cost somewhat more money, but may well be
considered by those who have the time to spare I refer to the North-
ern Pacilic, with permission to stop off at the Yellowstone Park ; and
the Canadian Pacific, where the scenery for the entire route is the best
of any of the railroad lines traversing the continent. I think that the
finest place to visit, the world over, so far as I have experienced or
studied, is the great Yellowstone Park. One needs a week or more in
the Park to do it justice. I have visited Niagara, the Grand Canyon
of the Colorado, Yosemite, and the Yellowstone Park, and for beauty,
grandeur and variety I certainly place the Yellowstone at the head.
The geysers in themselves are worth a visit to the Yellowstone, and to
see them we must not delay, for the heated rocks, which cause them,
are cooling off, and the time will soon be here when those wonderful
phenomena can be witnessed no more.

The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, while not so grand as the
Colorado Canyon, is in many ways even more attractive. It is wonder-
fully beautiful, and is not so large but that one can take it in, and it
is really, at least at first, more impressive and inspiring than even the
i»rander canyon of the Colorado. The numerous cascades and water-
falls, and the marvelous hot springs, not to speak of the Obscidian
Mountain, give a variety to the Yellowstone that places this at the
very head of regions famous for scenic beauty.

I would suggest to all who can do so to come to Los Angeles via
the Santa Fe; stop off for one day — two would be better — at the
Grand Canyon of the Colorado, and then return via the Northern
Pacific, getting a permit to stop off at lea.st ten days at Livingston,
which will give ample time and opportunity to traverse the most
wonderful part, not only of our country, hut certainly one of the most
wonderful pieces of natural scenery to be seen in the world. True, it
will cost something, but it is worth all and more than it costs. If
one does ever seem near the very Creator of all things it is while
standing on the brink of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone.

A. J. Cook.

[ Convention Proceedings |

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pa^e 422.1

SECOND DAY— AFTERNOON Session.
Dr. Nussle, of Wisconsin, then read the following :

SOME APICULTURAL SUGGESTIONS.

•One roaring-big- colony with a young, prolific queen,
and plenty of room, will store more surplus honey then ten
small colonies.

Young queens do not swarm the first year, as a rule.

Here is an entrance-guard that I invented a few years
ago ; it is simple, very cheap, prevents cold winds entering
the hive, makes the hive dark, which is a great advantage
in preventing robbing, and keeps the guard-bees warmer,
and is more effective.

Thick combs may be evened up by ironing with a warm
sad-iron, which makes them much more acceptable to the
bees. This iron must not be too hot, as it would melt the
comb.

If you have a queen that seems to be unprolific, put her
in another colony and she may prove to be a wonder in
being prolific.

To introduce virgin queens to nuclei or swarms that
have undesirable virgin queens, hunt up the undesirable
queen, dispose of her, and liberate the other virgin queen
in front of the hive. As a rule, she takes a flight, and her
virgin majesty returns in short order without any trouble
whatever.

I like introducing by the honey method, as it saves
valuable time and bees by the thousand, if the queen can
lay at libitum from the first hour.

Never put two dry combs together, but alternate. It is
good to sun or warm them first.

It does a sluggish colony good to transfer them into a
clean hive, disturbing the order of the combs.

If you can put a colony in an absolutely dark place you
can keep the same for drones to fertilize a queen just as
well as in a cellar. The same with nuclei and with virgin
queens till S o'clock in the afternoon.

I like sunning combs as it makes them less brittle, more
agreeable to the bees, and less agreeable to the bee-moth.
I am not quite sure if it pays to keep ,50 nuclei early in order
to get young queens before swarming-time ; it is lots of
work, still I think it pays. Up to this time I am not through
experimenting.

CH.4FF OR AIR-SP.4^CE HIVES.

Regarding chaff hives, let me say that by next spring
I shall have no other. With our cool nights in Wisconsin
they are practically a necessity, as their advantages are
numerous. Mine will not be chaff hives. Mine will be air-
space hives. It is a physical law that an absolute air-space
is better than seven times the same thickness of the best
wool material that could be obtained. Though an absolute
air-space is not easily obtained.

I shall remodel all of my hives, making an air-space in
the front and the back of one-half inch. The sides will
have an air-space of 1 '{ inches.

I shall remodel my hive-covers, having a 4-inch rim a la
telescope cover, the inside of the rim being 21 inches square.
This cover is less liable to warp, and will make another
air-space above and around the top. Besides, the wind will
have less effect, and they will be less liable to be disturbed
by cattle and sheep. Those objects have been a bone of
contention with me for the past two years, at the place
where our apiary is situated. This cover is alsp very ser-
viceable for feeding above the frames.

The advantages of these hives are :

1st. They are warmer in the spring and fall, also during
our cool nights.

July 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

437

2d. They are cooler during the summer heat.

3d. They do away with the necessity of summer shading.

4th. They will admit a 20x20 super, which contains 16
Langstroth frames.

5th. They are quite a protection against robbing.

6th. You will not find them carrying out brood during
cold, rainy spells or frosty nights, as you see them do in
thin-walled hives.

7th. You will be blessed more with large swarms.

8th. The bees will not leave the super for either comb
or extracted honey every cold night, as they do in the thin-
walled hives with the ordinary flat cover.

Lastly. They are less easily handled by thieves.

The little expense, the bulkiness, and the extra weight,
should not be taken into consideration for its adoption.

The advantages of this hive will pay in a few days for
the expense of remodeling by the results obtained.

With reference to a bee-cellar above ground, I will say
that such a repository can be made suitable and bee-proof,
which is a necessity ; also ventilation accommodation, so
that it can be increased toward spring. The ventilator must
be screened from below, and a trap-door must be replaced
by a screen. Water must also be given in sponges at the
entrance of each hive to supply the necessary moisture re-
quired for brood-rearing, which begins to take place in all
the hives at that time in a dry repository like the one I
have just mentioned, and also to prevent restlessness and
over-heating.

The outer casing of this hive practically does not cost
any more than an ordinary hive, and the inner one can be
made of much cheaper lumber and still be first-class.

KEEPING BEES IN THE CITY AND MOVING THEM SHORT
DISTANCES.

I kept bees for several years practically in the heart of
the city, from 30 to 70 colonies in the rear of my residence,
between it and the stable, where I kept eight horses, one
cow, and four setters. The buildings are situated on a cor-
ner lot opposite two stores, and the next door is a butcher-
shop which does a large business, as also did the stores.

One block and a half away is the largest church, which
has the largest congregation of any church in the city.
Opposite the church is a school-house with 600 pupils, one-
half of them passing our residence four times a day. Some
of my hives were within two feet of the sidewalk.

I had Carniolans and Italians. If I had a cross colony
I would supersede the queen. All of the queens were
clipped.

I had poplars all around the yard, and some fruit-trees
in the yard. By the way, it is on account of the fruit-trees
I got the bees. The boys, as vandals, wouldn't only take
the fruit before it ripened, but would even break the trees.

I bought some cross bees in the valley 10 blocks away.
I moved them in the middle of the summer. My residence
being 80 feet higher, I think the difference in altitude in the
short distance kept my field-bees from returning to nuclei
that were placed where the hives were taken.

I placed a colony on four stilts under every fruit-tree in
the yard in a very flimsy way, thinking the boys would dis-
turb them when they came after the fruit, but they have
never disturbed fruit or bees since, so the bees could not
■give them a reception.

How it came about that the bees did not disturb the
neighbors, or the daily pedestrians, was by the bees taking
an upward flight as they left the yard, the same as if they
came out of a kettle, and the same in descending on their
return to the yard.

I would advise any one in like circumstances to provide
for water in the yard proper from the very first day, as that
is the only thing bees carry from the immediate neighbor-
hood. I have seen them on a water-barrel as much as a
swarm at a time in the nest lot, the river being three blocks
away, and a large creek four blocks from the residence.
. E. E. NussLE.

Dr. Nussle — I have an entrance-gate that is an improve-
ment on the former gates, preventing the air from getting
into the hive in cold weather. It was simply a strip of
wood under the front of the hive, and another gouged out
of a block of wood which would be put in front of that so
that the bees would have to go through a kind of a tunnel
into the hive. A friend of mine has used that extensively,
and he says he has never had a case of robbing since. He
has used it more extensively than I. There is one advan-
tage in it. It is very cheap, and any person can make it
easily himself. It prevents cold wind entering the hive.

Mr. Pettit — I would like to hear the dead-air space dis-

cussed a little, as to how we can get dead-air space for the
double-walled hive. I realize that the dead-air space is the
best conductor, but the question is to get it air-tight. Take
a piece of wood that is placed in front and behind the hive.
A casing is around the hive, and the side-boards are placed
at it afterwards, so by accurate work you can make a very
good hive. It is all in accuracy and right lumber. They
were air-tight, I am positive, because you could pull them
up and the air would return just the same as out of a barrel.
They were air-tight.

Pres. York — Is there anything else to be said on the
paper, or on the air-space mentioned? If not, we will have
the report of the Committee on Resolutions. Secretary
Moore will read the report.

RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT ON THE DEATH OF DR. A. B. MASON.

Whereas, To our Heavenly Father, for reasons which
we can not now understand, it has seemed best to call to a
higher duty our faithful friend and fellow-worker. Dr. A.
B. Mason ; therefore, be it

Resolved, That we, the members of the Chicago-North-
western Bee-Keepers' Association, do hereby make an ex-
pression of our most sincere sorrow and grief over the loss
of one of our truest stand-bys and supports ; and be it also

Resolved, That we extend to his wife and to the other
members or his family, our most earnest and heartfelt
sympathy in their loss, which is greater than ours.
HuBER H. Root, j
W. Z. Hutchinson, ■ Com.
F. Wilcox, )

Mr. Hutchinson — There are so many things I suppose
I might say that I hardly know where to commence. Dr.
Mason was a jovial, genial, joking character. The first
time I met him was at the State Fair, where he was to
award the premiums and I was an exhibitor. He looked me
over and says, " Are you Mr. Hutchinson ?" " I am, sir."
He says, " Well, I am sorry to meet you." And for some
reason or other I got onto the trick of his nature, and I said,
" You can't feel any worse about it than I do." That is a
key to his joking nature. I have known him personally,
and have been a close friend of his for 20 years, and I can
say that there never was a man who was a truer friend to
me than Dr. Mason. I think all who met him in the Na-
tional conventions will say he was the life and soul of those
meetings, and I think no man in our ranks will be more
missed in these conventions than he will.

The resolution was adopted unanimously.

Emerson T. Abbott then addressed the convention on

BEE-KEEPERS AND PRINTERS' INK.

Mr. Moore asked me to select a subject. I was at a
loss to know what to talk about. I said to myself, "A
great many of these bee-keepers know more about bee-
keeping than I do, and it would be folly for me to endeavor
to tell them anything about how to manage their bees, so
I will let the matter rest until I get there." I thought I
would select a subject after I got here, and this one came
to me : " Bee-Keepers and Printers' Ink."

You have probably seen on your fence. Sunny Jim, and
I leave you to guess what fool raised him. That jingle was
written by a woman. The woman has made a good com-
petency out of it, and the company for whom she did the
work have made a fortune, and Sunny Jim is found all over
the world wherever people eat, and more people know about
Sunny Jim and that jingle probably than they know about
any other one food.

Now, then, this same printer's ink should be applied to
bee-keeping and the work of bee-keepers. It has been my
hobby that this principle of printers' ink should be applied
to the National Association. You know people who pub-
lish papers all believe in advertising. That is. they be-
lieve in the other fellow advertising, and in other people
paying the cash in advance. Every paper man here will
tell you that is so. All of the Chicago daily papers, all of
them believe in advertising, and they believe that it can be
done perhaps better in their paper than in any other way.
We will leave each individual to decide that for himself,
as to where the advertising can be done to the best advan-
tage, but we want to emphasize the fact that the advertis-
ing can be done to advantage.

Take the National Association for instance. There are
over 300,000 bee-keepers in the tJuited States, and I venture
to say that there are not 2.5,(100 bee-keepers of the United
States, if we could assemble them all to-day, that could tell
what the National Bee-Keepers' Association has ever done.
There are about a thousand members in the Association,

438

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

and there are at least 300 of them, I should say, who have
never seen a copy of the Constitution of the Association to
'which they belong-. Now, doesn't that surprise you ? But
that is so. I am not making- rambling statements that are
not borne out by the facts. Three or four gentlemen said in
Tiiy presence here, "Can I get a copy of the Constitution of
the National Association ?" I do not know where you would
^et it. They ought to be accessible, and you ought to have
had one very long since. They hadn't been printed. Never
■but once in years have we seen anything credible in the
form of advertising given out to the world, and that was
the report of the Buffalo convention, which was published
by Mr. York, and I have been watching and waiting anx-
iously to know whether we were to have a report of the same
kind of our Denver meeting. What it stands for, what it
proposes to do, and there isn't in existence to-day a single
pamphlet, a single leaflet, a single scrap of printed matter
on which a member can see — which will tell the story — and
read it when you have time. And yet, we wonder why
there are not ten thousand instead of one thousand mem-
bers. I wonder why we haven't done more than we have.

Do you know whose goods are on the shelves of the
merchants down in Iowa ? I will tell you whose goods are
there. The goods of the people who had a nature aggres-
sive enough to send a smart and energetic traveling man
there to show the goods to the best advantage, and make
those people down there feel that it was to their advantage
to do business with that house, and no other. The goods
that are prominent in the United States to-day have been
made prominent by aggressive men and women, and by the
expenditure of printers' ink broadcast everywhere until the
babe begins to lisp, as it were, the moment it says papa and
mamma, Mellin's Food it knows next. Why? Because
Mellin has used printers' ink. Because Mellin has used the
agencies that are necessary. Now, there is Mr. Jones liv-
ing over in a county in Illinois. He is a member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association. Is there any reason
why Mr. Jones should not be a walking advertisement for
the National Bee-Keepers' Association ? He ought to be,
and, if necessary, if Mr. Jones can not afford voluntarily to
do the work for nothing, then he should be paid. There is
no reason why we should not send out solicitors to entreat
men to become members of our Association, than there is
for life insurance men not to send out solicitors to get men
to take out life insurance in their company. There is no
reason why we might not be 50,000 strong in a little while
actually, but we will never be 50,000 strong until we use the
agencies of the Twentieth Century to make ourselves strong,
and these agencies must be used by us if we ever expect to
succeed, and one of the strongest and best of these is prin-
ters' ink, properly applied and properly distributed, backed
up by the energy and enthusiasm of live men and women.

Now, it seems to me, that it is worth our while to think
about this just a little. Suppose I could just stir up enough
enthusiasm in you people here to send you out as walking
advertisements in the interests of the National Association,
or in the interests of this Chicago meeting. Why do you
have a better meeting here than they have in any other
place in the United States, aside from the National ? It
comes pretty nearly holding its own by some meetings of
the National. Why is it ? Printers' ink ! And I hope you
will excuse me if I ask another question. Why, instead of
300 or 400 members in the National is it 1000 strong ? Prin-
ters' ink distributed by George W. York and others has
done the work. Those are the sober facts. Those are stern
realities.

Now, if we were all to distribute it, we would do that
much more. We must have something to distribute. It
costs money to get out neat circulars ; it costs money to do
anything. It costs money to print a journal like Mr. Hutch-
inson's, with fine illustrations, printed on good paper, but
it all tells in the end, it all counts for something, and if we
want to be a force and a power in the world we must let the
world know that we are abreast of the times, and not a hun-
dred years behind the age. A little peanut stand uses more
advertising than we do, and we have no right to compete
with the peanut stand unless we use some of their methods.
I believe in advertising, in pushing matters.

As to the way to do these things, as to the special thing
to be accomplished first, as to whether we had better try to
build up a honey exchange— that's a business proposition.
Whatever line of work we select, it must be along the lines
I suggest— advertising— letting the world know that you are
trying to do that thing. Let me say another thing : Per-
haps you never thought of it. It is just as much news to
find that there are bee-supplies for sale in Chicago as to
read that they held a meeting here and I made a speech.

One thing is just as much news as the other. It is just as
much news to know that there is a suit of clothes for sale at
a certain store in Chicago as it is to know that a hotel
burned up — deplorable ! — and 21 people lost their lives.
There are people wanting clothes, and needing supplies,
and the thing that carries that news to them is just as
much distributing information as one that carries gossip
about Jennie Smith and her beau. We have said it is of
value to advertise. That's part of the thing itself, and
that's part of what we want to know. You might say that
of the National Association. They are blowing their own
horn. I notice that some blow their own horns a good deal
in something that I was doing. We have the famous
horn-blower with Sousa, you all heard him, he is a citizen
of St. Joseph. How much do you suppose Mr. Sousa would
pay Arthur Prior if he let somebody else blow the horn ?
He has a good horn, and he is a good blower, and he has a
right to blow it. I believe in people who have a good horn
blowing it. It will never be Slowed on earth if you don't
blow it. The other fellow will never blow it for you. He is
busy looking after his own horn. That's all there is to it.
We can't build up a National Association. We can't do
anything that bee-keepers want to do unless we blow our
own horns sufficiently that they may be heard, and that the
people may know that we have this thing, and that the peo-
ple who want that are just as anxious to secure that which
you have for sale. You don't want to think that you bore
a man because you tell him a large story about your bees,
for he is as pleased to hear it as you are to tell it. He is in-
terested in hearing you, and it may do him some good. I
have lived in St. Joseph 20 years, and, believe me, there
isn't a week but somebody comes in and buys honey. It is
some I produce myself with my money. A woman gets
some of that honey and she says, " Mr. Abbott, I never had
anything like it, I want your honey all my life."

Dr. Miller — She never tried "York's Honey !" (Laugh-
ter. )

Mr. Abbott — And she says, " I never knew that there
was any Abbott's honey before." Don't you see, if I had
blowed my horn a little sooner what an amount of honey I
might have sold ; and when she found it she was so de-
lighted that she was in the fourth heaven. " York's Honey "
— they find it that way. The more they take the better we
can treat our wives, the more money it brings to us. I
have said enough ; I have taken enough of your time. I
thank you. Embrson T. Abbott.

Pres. York — There are two little corrections I would
like to make about the Constitution of the National Asso-
ciation. I think Mr. Abbott said not over 300.

Mr. Abbott — I was asking it.

Pres. York — The Constitution was mailed in the Buffalo
report. You didn't think of that, perhaps.

Mr. Abbott — No, sir. Let me say another thing. That
wasn't said by way of criticising anybody, because it wasn't
anybody's duty to have that Constitution printed. All the
Constitutions that have been printed — I think Mr. York put
that in the Buffalo convention report without being told to
do so by the National. I was chairman of the Board of
Directors for a long time, and if they ever passed a vote
directing Mr. Secor to print it, I didn't know it. Mr. York
printed it of his own volition.

Pres. York — It seems to me that Mr. France ought to
take part now, following Mr. Abbott, about building up the
National Association in Wisconsin, and I think he can say
something very interesting on increasing our own member-
ship. We heard him on another subject, but he hasn't had
a chance yet on this.

Mr. France — I fully agree with Mr. Abbott, that we
haven't used very much printers' ink. We debated cheat-
ing the consumers in a box of comb honey — squeezing. We
have been doing the same thing, cheating our National
Association. We haven't given any encouragement to bee-
keepers, and the other subject of the National Association
forming a honey exchange, if you please, will all correct
itself as soon as you have members enough in the National.
The first and foremost thing we want is to get strong
enough to do some good, and although we have set our mark
at 1000 and reached it, it looks small that a thousand mem-
bers are all that we have when there are over 700,000 bee-
keepers in this land of ours. I was surprised over my own
State what a few members were taking the bee-papers. Mr.
Abbott said that we haven't encouraged others to become
members. If it is advisable that we organize, and we know
that it is — we have the National — and the thing to do is to
get more members in it, even though we have to pay a man
for soliciting members like the insurance companies do for

July 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

439

life insurance. We haven't even asked members to come
in, or allowed them anything for soliciting new members.
At our Association I was the first to introduce this thinp of
joining in a body. Join the National in a body ; the more
we have the more we can work. I do hope that the day
isn't far off when the numbers in the National will increase
rapidly. Then, again, this subject of foul-brood legislation,
so many of our States need it, and the National Associa-
tion, if it has any strength, can be a great help. Local leg-
islation could not have much effect when it was transferred
over from another State. It had a name, was doing busi-
ness, and they had respect before the legislature, and so is
the National, and I think the day is coming when we will
all of us get our neighbor bee-keepers to join the National
Association.

Pres. York — We have with us the president of the Na-
tional Association ; perhaps he would tell us some of the
plans of the Association as to using printers' ink.

Mr. Hutchinson — I indorse all that Mr. Abbott has said.
I believe in advertising my business in other papers. I
don't know that there is anything to say in regard to the
future of the Association. Mr. Moore had an excellent
paper on that subject. We should go ahead and work, and
advertise, and get members, and, possibly, as Mr. France
says, if we get members enough this matter of organization
will settle itself ; but I don't know about that. I am sure
we certainly need the members.

Pres. York — I believe the Board of Directors decided not
to print the annual report this year, thinking they could
use the money to better advantage in some other way. Of
course, that is their own affair ; it wasn't mine at all. I
took the report, and we have the report in the American
Bee Journal, anyway, whether it is in pamphlet form or not.
(Continued next week.)

(

Contributed Articles

Uniting Weak Colonies in Spring— Formalin.

BY T. A. GREBN.

MR. HASTY wishes me to explain (page 296) why I do
not believe in uniting weak colonies in the spring, as
stated in my article on page 197. I know very well
that it is contrary to most of the teachings of the books, but
experience has shown me that it is but very seldom any-
thing is gained by uniting colonies early in the spring.
Two weak colonies put together will usually, in a very short
time, be no larger than either one would have been if they
had been left alone. The reason of this is that a large pro-
portion of each is old and nearly ready to die of old age.
The excitement of uniting, and the sense of prosperity
caused by the increased number of bees, induces the bees to
fly more freely, and otherwise exert themselves unduly, so
that not only these old veterans, but the young bees, are
soon worn out and rapidly perish.

Now, if this is the case — and I can find plenty of com-
pany among practical apiarists in believing it to be true —
it is still more certainly true when one of the colonies is
queenless. The colony with a queen has been in a compara-
tively normal condition, which is not true of the queenless
one in which a much larger proportion of the bees are old
and nearly worn out.

Some may say that it would certainly have paid to have
given a queen to the colony the bees o^ which lived so long.
Perhaps it would. The unusual longevity of these bees
might have enabled them to hold their own until they had
reared successors to themselves. But this is by no means
certain, and I feel morally certain that ordinarily if a
queenless colony the size of this had been united early in
the spring with an equally weak one having a queen, which
would be the usual way of procedure, its bees, instead of
living until September, would all have been dead before
June, and perhaps much sooner.

Do not understand me as saying that it will never pay
to unite a queenless colony with a weak one in the spring
having a queen. If the colony has not been long queenless,
or if it has still a large number of bees, it may work all
right to give it a queen in any way.

What I want to make clear is, that it does not usually

pay the man whose time is of much value to fuss with weak,
queenless colonies early in the spring.

FOHMAUN OR FORMALDEHYDE.

We read a great deal lately about this new specific
against foul brood. As to whether we should call it forma-
lin or formaldehyde, those who are informed on the latest
chemical developments in the line of medicine tell me that
the active principle is formaldehyde, and that formalin is a
preparation of formaldehyde (patented, I believe), with the
object of fixing it in solid form. They say that formalde-
hyde, in its ordinary liquid form — which I believe consists
of the gas dissolved in water — is not only cheaper, but for
many purposes, and probably for ours, is better.

In the enthusiasm over the results that seem to have
been obtained, let it not be forgotten that all that can be
claimed for it is that it obviates the necessity of destroying
infected combs. As the apparatus needed for effective
work appears to be somewhat expensive, and as we can
recover very nearly all the value of old combs by melting
them up into wax, it would appear that the margin of profit
is not sufficient to warrant the use of the method unless
there are a great many cases to be disposed of, or unless it
is to be used as a preventive measure. For instance, if a
man has a large number of extracting-combs from which he
has just extracted the honey, he learns that some of the
combs have contained infected honey. He does not know
which they are, and, even if he did, the progress of extract-
ing has doubtless spread the seeds of the disease through a
large number of the combs. Without some efficient system
of disinfection, it would pay him better to destroy the whole
lot than to try to use them again.

Here is where the value of the fumigating method
comes in. It might pay the man who lives where foul
brood is prevalent to make a tight room large enough to
hold all his surplus combs, and fumigate them all at one
operation as a precautionary measure. But to go to almost
as much expense and trouble to disinfect a single hive full
of combs at a time, looks to me like being " penny wise and
pound foolish." Mesa Co., Colo.

Forced or Artificial Swarming.

BY M. D. ANDES.

I HAVE just read Mr. C. Davenport's article on page 374,
on forced or artificial swarming. While I agree with him
that locality has much to do with the method that would
secure the best results, I believe Mr. Davenport is wrong
on some points. Without going into details I will simply
give my method, and the reader can see wherein we differ.

I do not profess to be a bee-master, and am a very poor
writer, but I have had some experience outside of text-books
that has been worth many dollars to me in surplus honey
and time saved.

I keep from 35 to 40 colonies of bees in 10- frame dove-
tailed hives, with Danz. supers for comb honey.

My business requires my time at the office ten hours a
day, so I have but little time to be with the bees. Ten years
ago I commenced clipping the wings of my queens, and
ever since bee-keeping has been a pleasure.

Now, when a swarm issues my wife or the hired girl
cages the queen, and when the swarm returns (which it will
be sure to do) the queen is run in with the bees, and the
hive marked. The same evening, when I get home, I remove
the colony to one side and put a new hive filled with drawn
comb or full sheets of foundation on the old stand, shake
and brush all the bees in front of this prepared hive on a
sheet or table-cloth, and let them go in like a natural
swarm.

With all my experience I have never had but one to
swarm out treated in this way. By this method I do not
disturb colonies that are not inclined to swarm, and they
go on unmolested and store honey.

By the plan advocated by Mr. Davenport and others,
one must be continually looking for queen-cells, thereby
disturbing the bees, and, no doubt, at a loss in the surplus
honey. d^ — /

You may ask what I do with the brood. If I am treat-
ing a colony with a superior queen, I make nuclei and rear
some fine queens, otherwise I destroy all queen-cells and
place the brood on top of the weakest colony in the yard
with a queen-excluder between ; or, if this colony should
have a poor queen or an old one, I save the best looking
cell, kill the old queen, and leave out the excluder. This
will usually give me a good, strong colony with a young

440

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

queen, which will seldom swarm that season, but store a
good crop for extracting in the fall. This method will keep
down increase or make increase, whichever preferred.

This plan is entirely original with me, brought about
by circumstances, and which has given me the best results.
Colonies treated in this way, taken as a whole, always store
more honey for me in the supers than those that did not
swarm.

This is not practical for out-apiaries.

Sullivan Co., Tenn.

Queen-Rearing:— Nucleus Queens
Topics Discussed.

Other

BY HENRY ALI^KY.

I DON'T think the subject of queen-rearing can ever be
worn out. No end is in sight, so far as I can see.

I have been severely criticised in this Journal by
several persons for statements I have made concerning
queens reared in nuclei, and queens reared by a small num-
ber of bees. I have been criticised by people who merely
guessed that I was wrong, not by those who had tried the
experiment and noted the results. I stated in my articles
that I could back up all that I claimed for nucleus-bred
queens. I gave an account of one nucleus-bred queen that
lived four years and two months, and could not have laid
less than 100,000 eggs each year. Now, this queen was
reared this way :

I fixed up a 3-frame nucleus merely for drones, as I had
a few queens that I desired to have fertilized in another
yard by a special strain of drones. One frame of worker-
brood was put in and about three pints of bees. I did not
open the hive for several weeks, and then only to see how
many drones there might be left. I found the bees had pro-
vided themselves with a large, fine queen. She had such a
promising appearance that I concluded to keep her in my
own apiary. Now, that queen proved to be one of the finest
queens I ever owned, or ever saw.

This brings the subject to another point : It has been
claimed that queens reared from larvK three days old are
short-lived and worthless. Does the experiment given
above confirm eny such claim ? Mr. Aaron Benedict, who
reared and sold queens some 25 years ago, claimed that the
best queens were reared from 3-days-old larv;e. I can not
think so, yet I hardly know how to get over the fact that I
did have one valuable queen reared from a three-day-old
larvse.

By the way, I am of the opinion that when a frame of
brood is supplied queenless bees, an old larva is always
selected by the bees from which to rear a queen.

Well, now I come down to nucleus-reared queens again:
On the 19th of May (this year) I went into my apiary early
in the morning (and the morning was a very warm one), and
found no less than half a dozen colonies of bees clustered
on the outside. All these hives had the winter-cases on,
and several of them had a set of 24 sections on. I removed
the out-cases to cool the bees as rpuch as possible. I then
looked for markings on the hives to see what kind of queens
were in those colonies ; I found marked on each of the hives
" Nucleus queens," with the date of introduction. I was
really surprised myself, as I had no idea I had introduced so
many nucleus-reared queens.

Now, see here, my friends, I had nothing to do with
rearing the above six queens. They were all reared in the
small hives, such as I use to keep my queens until they be-
come fertile. All these queens " came by chance," and
they are good enough for me. Now, if bee-keepers who can
do so will visit my yard, I will prove to them that nucleus-
bred queens are as good as, if not superior to, natural-bred
queens.

Unfortunately, we are in a bad fix for surplus honey
this year. No rain has fallen here of any account since
April. The grass and white clover are all dried up, and
now, that the fruit-bloom is gone, there is nothing for
bees to do but to eat what honey was stored from the fruit-
blossoms. Many of my colonies were well under way in
the sections, and some of the sections are full. All the
brood-chambers are solid full of honey and no feeding will
have to be done.

Last year bees did nothing in June. It was so cold and
wet. Now it is dry and there is no honey. So you see we
are in a "stew" all the time. Some will claim that it is
owing to the breed of bees that they are gathering and
storing no honey. Well, it maybe so. I wish I could find

a strain of bees that would store honey in winter and in
summer when the flow is all used up. My past experience,
however, makes me think that if I had queens of that sort
to sell, somebody could be found that would cry them down.
And this reminds me of what Mr. Doolittle said of my
queens in a recent article from his pen. He showed that
queens from my " hundred-dollar " queen did not compare
in honey-gathering in any way with those he reared. Well,
they say that comparisons are odious, but I must say one
word here about Mr. Doolittle's queens :

In a letter dated at Riddle, Oregon, May 10, the writer
says : " I have a yard of 75 colonies mostly of Doolittle's
strain, and I want to change them." It is presumed these
bees stored more honey than the writer could take care of,
and so a change to something else is needed.

Three years ago X found a man in Brockton, Mass.,
who had 20 colonies of bees for sale, as he would be away
from home all summer and could not care for them. I took
a look at ihem, and could have bought them at my own
price, but I refused, as there was not a decent colony of bees
in the lot, and I am sorry to say that he had a number of
Mr. Doolittle's queens in the lot. I remarked that I wanted
bees for business that year, and I could not afl^ord to keep
bees 12 months to build up.

Now, I don't propose to say anything more on this
point. I give the above merely to show that Mr. Doolittle
rears no better queens than other people do. Neither do I
want it understood that I think the strain of bees, nor the
method of rearing the queens, had anything to do with the
inferiority of the queens mentioned above.

Better queens than the above can be reared by any sys-
tem, and at any time of the year. Mr. Doolittle, like my-
self, had been unfortunate in selecting a queen-mother. I
have reared queens from a mother whose royal progeny did
not all prove first-class. The queens were sent out and
fault found with them. I replaced all such queens when
notified that they were worthless, or in any way inferior.

I reared queens 25 years in the good old-fashioned way,
and no fault was found with them ; but when I took up
rearing queens over an excluder, then complaints began to
come in.

Bee-keepers make a great mistake in purchasing the
beautiful yellow-banded bees. Insist upon a darker strain,
say bees that occasionally show but one band. A queen
that produces such worker-bees is superior to any brilliant
yellow-banded strain. I never saw a queen direct from Italy
that produced all three-banded bees.

Where are those fellows who used to advertise 5 banded
bees? That strain proved to be worthless, and so did the
clover-queens, long-tongue queens, etc. Go back, gentle-
men, to the old-fashioned Italians, say such as were bred
and sold 30 years ago, when about half of the young queens
were striped and others very dark. We can rear such
queens as those, and send out good ones — queens whose
bees will roll in lots of honey, and winter well any winter.
If you purchase queens to please the eye, you can't please
the pocket-book at the same time. There's money in what
some people call " hybrid bees." There is money in some
of the beautiful yellow-banded bees, but 'tis a difScult job
to rear those beautiful queens and give perfect satisfaction
in all cases.

I am not advising any one to purchase hybrid bees.
The bees above-described are not hybrids, by any means.
I am advising you to order a darker strain of bees only.
Try them and you will see an improvement in your apiary.

I have found in my experience that pure Italians bees
do not rear nearly as strong, hardy queens as do black
bees. I am using black bees in all cases in queen-rearing.

Mr. Doolittle says the cells built by my method are
"frail." How does he know ? To show that they are not,
I have sent a batch of empty queen-cells to Editor York for
his inspection. Say what you think of them.

In my statements concerning rearing queens above an
excluder, I will say that fair queens can be so reared. But
I know, and Mr. Doolittle will find it so sooner or later,
that better queens can be reared by just as simple process.
I'll soon have Mr. Doolittle saying so, as will all others who
rear queens, if they will try the process I have given to the
public. Essex Co., Mass., June 11.

[We have seen queen-cells reared from cell-cups, and in
comparison with the samples sent by Mr. Alley we should
say there was little if any difference in those we have seen.

— Editor.]

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

July 9, 1903.

THE AMERiCAN BEE JOURNAL.

441

[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters]

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Getting Ready for Alfalfa.

Our bees are doing' fine, considering the cold spring- and
queenless colonies. I am putting sections together and fix-
ing supers for the alfalfa flow the first of July.

Mrs. G. W. Knowles.

Rio Blanco Co., Colo., June 24.

Does All the Work Herself.

I have been keeping bees since 1895. I now have 17
colonies. I lost five during the winter and spring. I do all
the work with the bees myself, and send and get the hives
in the flat and put them together myself.

I like "Our Bee-Keeping Sisters" department very
much. I turn to it the first thing when I get my Bee Jour-
nal. I have no suggestions to make regarding it.

St. Joseph Co., Mich., May 30. Mrs. L. Mack.

Watering- Bees at their Doorstep.

I see in last week's Journal, June 11, that E. E. Hasty
requests me to report later on, as to the extent I succeeded
in getting the bees to take the water I provide at their door-
steps.

It is three years, I believe, since I first gave them water
at the hive-entrance. I don't wait for them to have any
other place to go. It is when the air is chilled and they
need water, and they come out and find it handy ; they don't
feel like going far if they can get it near by. They take it
and go back. I have the entrance the full width of the
front of the hive, so I put it at one side of the hive. The
pieces go under the hive in front, as I said in my descrip-
tion, and they take the water all summer unless I would
forget to fill it through the day. As I said, they were not
large enough, and I have some made after the directions in
the " A B C of Bee-Culture," a small board with grooves in
it, and use a 2-quart fruit-can for the water. Where the
hives are in pairs one will answer for two hives. I put it
on something so that it will be about as high as the bottom-
board, and not more than half a foot from the hive. I don't
know as. my bees are any wiser than any others. I think
they are pretty good-natured.

If this is not plain or satisfactory, E. E. Hasty will
have to tell me where I have not made it plain.

Cumberland Co., N. J. Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

It is very true, as Mr. Hasty says, that bees will " wade
right through water at their door, and go off to the old
familiar watering-place." But he will notice that Mrs.
Griffith does not wait for any other watering-place to be-
come an " old familiar " one. Right in that is the secret of
of her success. She trains them to right habits in their
youth, " and when they are old they will not depart from
them." If care is taken to get the bees accustomed to a
certain watering-place early in the spring, much trouble
at the watering-troughs of horses and cattle may be pre-
vented.

A Bee-Keeping Sister on a Texas Ranch.

I bought 600 acres of land last June, and am now farm-
ing and running this big corn, cotton and truck faim my-
self. My home is in Chicago. I was a city-raised girl, and
this is my first farming. They will eat tomatoes from five
acres of my farm in Chicago. I began shipping June 1. I
never saw one raised before, and raised the plants for the
five acres in a hotbed planted Jan. 10 ; raised 25,000 plants
myself with the aid of a hired man, who did the hard work
at SIO per month. And I have the best and earliest live
acres of tomatoes in Cherokee County. I expect to get
S2000 for them, net. I could tell you more, but do not vant
to take you from your all-important subject — the bee.

I have always traveled, and while visiting my husband's

brother in Indiana, last year, I became interested in the
bee. He takes the Bee Journal, and has a large apiary. I
thought my farm would bo incomplete without the bee.
Besides, this is a great fruit country, and no bees. I have
75 acres in peaches ; Elberta comes in next spring. And I
knew the bee could do no harm, if it would not be a benefit,
to fertilize the blossoms. I started to look for some bees
and could find nothing but old-fashioned boxes of little
black insects. So I bought two colonies of them, sent for
the American Bee Journal, and my brother-in-law sent me
some patent hives, some frames with starters, and some
frames with comb, a smoker, knife, and cages to introduce
new queens, and a hook to handle the frames with. I then
picked up the Bee Journal to find out who sold queens, and
found an advertisement and sent for two tested queens.
The breeder has sent only one to date, but I introduced the
" lady," and to-day I was delighted to see my fine Italians
strong, and working side by side with their black sisters,
which are waiting to receive the high-bred mother, and
there is no comparison. They are not doing anything when
compared with the Italians. They (the blacks) were stronger
than the colony where I put the new queen, and now the
Italians have more brood, more honey, and more bees, than
the blacks. I will tell how I did it all.

The first warm day I transferred the bees to new homes,
and went to feeding them, for they were very weak, b^ing
robbed close and full of moth, and no honey in the old
gums. I took an ax and broke open the boxes, shook the
bees in front of the new hive, took out what brood there
was, put a frame in to keep the queen down-stairs, and put
brood and what bees were on it in the upper section, and
went to feeding them to build them up before the Italians
came. When the " new lady " came my greed for bees got
me into trouble. I found them doing so well that I wanted
more, so I got another hive and three frames of brood, and
the bees that were on it, and armed with small scissors I
caught the "colored lady" and clipped her wing, and
placed her in front of the hive so she could run in. I then
got out a frame where there was some honey and pinned to
it the cage my brother-in-law sent me. I put the queen and
her escort in it, and covered it all up. Three days later I
looked in and found all the escort dead and the queen run-
ning around the cage. Then I turned her loose and went
away, hoping she would be received well, and to-day I have
a strong colony of fine bees. A man just came with the
other queen, so I will introduce her to-morrow.

The bees then started to rob my nucleus, and the dead
bees showed me the struggle they were having. I shut
them up and fed them, but every time I opened up the hive
the robbing began. I fed the other colonies outside, and
the nucleus inside, to see if I could find out where the rob-
bers came from. Do not laugh. I could not find out, so I
shut up the nucleus and found a lot of bees around trying
to get in. I got a paper of starch, this fine patent starch,
and dusted it on them, and marked them that way. They
shook their wings as best they could and left after awhile
for the woods. Not a quarter of a mile from here we found
the tree, and a man claimed it. I did not jump his claim.
I was glad to get rid of it, so he cut it down and thinks he
started a colony, and I hope he has, for there are few if any
bees here.

So this is the way a future apiary was started in Chero-
kee Co., Tex. There is only one man who pretends to keep
bees here in this part, and he has the old style. I will try
to meet him and get him to take the American Bee Journal
and show him the difference in bees. I like to read the
Journal, and especially the ■' Sisters " corner, as I think
the work suits ladies. My husband is a kind man, but he
has a railroad contract in Louisiana, and will not settle on
the farm until this fall, then I will have some more bees. I
am not afraid of being stung, and have only been stung
twice, and that was an accident. The bees got in my dress
and I crowded them.

I love the bees. They work for us and board them-
selves for nothing, and I will always try to divide honey
with them. If ever I think I have learned anything that
will benefit a bee-keeping sister I will let her know through
the Jo&rnal. Georgia Mayer.

Cherokee Co., Tex., May 25.

Well 1 I should think it was a pretty big undertaking
for a city-raised girl to run a noo-acre farm, and there must
be considerable pluck in your make-up. I am very anxious
to learn how you succeed, how things foot up at the end of
the year. Please don't forget to write us an account of
your year's work. We may all want to move to Texas.

442

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

[ Hasty's Afterthcughts )

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

MATBSIAI, FOR HIVH-MAKING.

Yes, if the lumber was so costly it could not be used for
hives me could use clay and straw. Are you " gittin' in a
hurry " for the time to come 7 As a half-way house before
going to clay, quite small saplings can be sawed into lath,
and lath make pretty good hives. Poles large enough to
saw into lath can be raised in less than a lifetime, while
big logs can not — that is, not as a general proposition — Cot-
tonwood and some other trees can be made to furnish a big
log in a moderate number of years. I find my full-grown
oaks between 200 and 300 in age. With an intensive sort of
forestry that could be shortened greatly. And an immense
majority of the States haven't even a forestry officer yet.
Page 327.

MAKING HONEY-BREAD.

If a man should undertake to make honey-bread, as per
page 329, he would put the things named together and dump
them into his flour directly, innocently expecting to knead
up bread. I guess the ingredients named are to be fer-
mented together first. If I'm wrong so much the better for
the bread-makers.

THE WEATHER AND SWARMING.

Mr. Doolittle makes a worse report on bee-weather than
I can. Bad here, but some of the bees don't give up the
swarming idea yet. Page 332.

HONEY ON FRIED BACON.

Honey on fried bacon, eh ? We can not put very much
trust in the approval of soldiers in camp. Appetites too
uproarous. But the combination is a striking one, not alto-
gether incongruous, so if folks would only try it perhaps
many would like it. Perhaps they won't try it. Some may
say, " Why try to whiten the lily, or paint the rose ?"

SPRING-FEEDING EXPERIENCES.

The spring-feeding experience of Edwin Bevins will
make some of the let-alone folks smile. Began early with
some — got to feeding them all — has to keep at it now,
weather is so bad. My usual May and June tactics is not
to feed a colony unless it shows the outward signs of star-
vation— bees in stupid lumps by the door, or climbing feebly
up the front, and dead ones beginning to scatter away. And
when such a colony is fed I don't want to get them in the
habit of expecting feed. Lots of mistakes made both ways
in feeding tactics. Many dollars worth of sugar and honey
are fed when the value of it never comes back again — bees
would have done better left to their own resources. On the
other hand, for want of some feeding just at the right time,
often the harvesting generation is only half strength, and
can gather less than half a harvest. Which set of risks it
is the best to run is a matter of location — and man. You
see, in a good location some loss from too generous feeding
can be borne ; while in a poor location the bees can easily
be allowed to eat up more than they are ever known to
gather. Page 335.

QUEEN-EXCLUDERS UNDER SECTIONS.

I have been thinking all along that the " orthodox "
way was not to use an excluder under sections. The con-
sideration mentioned editorially, on page 339, is heavily the
other way. Brood-combs will get black, and section cap-
pings will partake more or less of near-by comb, if there is
easy running back and forth. On the whole, wherever
purchasers are extra-critical about whiteness the orthodoxy
of excluders under sections must be conceded, I guess.

HONEY SHOWS AND PREMIUMS AT CONVENTIONS!

Combined convention and mutual admiration honey
show ! Premiums to be given if the condition of the treas-
ury admits, otherwise not. The above is what the Wiscon-
sins are about to experiment in. I think the rest of us
should look on with decided interest to see how the thing
works. Might knock out of itself what little life a feeble
convention has. Might revive decidedly the waning inter-
est of the old members, and bring in lots of new ones.

Also might attract prospective customers to a valuable de-
gree. Quite as legitimate to pay themselves premiums as
to buy themselves buttons, one would say ; although the
consideration that every one can have a button is in the
buttons favor. Permanent subdivision of the brethren into
two classes, sharps who get the money and flats who pay it
in — well, that's a very undesirable subdivision, and heedless
management might easily bring it about. The brother
who suspects he has been put in the flat division will soon
make himself scarce — has already done so long since. Page
340.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Swarming— Bulk Honey— Building Worker-Combs.

1. I have a colony this spring with a last year's Italian
queen in an Sframe hive. They were strong, so I added
eight empty combs below. Three weeks after that they
swarmed without starting below at all. I examined the
combs and found lots of worker-cells bulged out with drone-
brood here and there all through the combs, but also consid-
erable worker-brood. I hived them on five starters, and now
(ten days after swarming), they have queen-cells nearly
ready to seal again. What would I best do with them ?

2. How is " bulk comb " honey managed to keep it
from granulating, as it can not be heated and sealed ?

3. I have had success getting worker-comb built from
starters by putting all but four combs of brood above an ex-
cluder (queen below), and putting in a starter in the center
of the brood. They build very fast, being so strong. Do
you think it will always work ? Ohio.

Answers. — 1. I suspect the queen was at fault, and you
will probably do well to change her.

2. I don't know, and it seems strange that nothing has
been said upon that point — at least I do not remember see-
ing anything about it. I should expect the liquid honey out-
side the comb to granulate, and then it would have to be
eaten in that condition, unless the whole were melted and
the wax removed. Perhaps Mr. Hyde will tell us about it.

3. No, you need hardly expect to have it always work,
but there's no law against your continuing it so long as it
does work.

«-.-*.

A Bee-Mix-Up tliat Mixed Up tlie Bee-Man.

I served three years as private of Company A, 36th Illi-
nois Volunteer Infantry, and have been subject to the vicissi-
tudes of a life in this world over 60 years ; but during the
three years' experience I have had with the " little busy
bee " I have encountered more circumstances that I was un-
able to account for than during all my preceding life. Now
here is what I met with in the last experience :

I had hive No. 1 filled with black bees with two dove-
tailed hive-bodies and super. Beside it was No. 2, Italian
bees in one body with super and clipped queen. No. 2 sent
out a swarm about 10:30 o'clock. I caught the queen, but
before I could get a hive in place the bees nearly all re-
turned. I moved the old body away about 20 feet, placed a
new hive with foundation on the old bottom with the old
super and the bees in it on the new hive, and liberated the
queen in it, expecting the field-bees to return to it, which
would make a strong colony.

About 2 o'clock I was informed there was a swarm of
bees about a block away that I could have for 25 cents. I
arranged a 10-frame hive about four feet from No. 1 and No.
2, and went and cut down the swarm and brought it home.
They were evidently a stray swarm of black bees. I felt
that I was on the road to success until about 5 p.m., when I
discovered that Nos. 1 and 2 were in great excitement, and
that the Italians from No. 2 were migrating to No. 1 by run-
ning down to the ground and across the 18-inch space and
up to No. 1 ; and that there were black bees taking posses-
sion of No. 2, and my 25-cent swarm was not in the hive I
put them in.

Now, there is much said about dfc-paralysis and its
treatment, but never have I seen a word about bee-keepers

July 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

443

having- it, but I went home that night />ara/y-ed. I retained
sense enough, though, to remove the upper body from No. 1
to a position on the ground in front and between the two
hives, and the emigrants began to move into it. The next
morning I moved it from the ground to a stand 22 feet away
with a good supply of bees. But all three hives contain
black and yellow bees in about equal proportions.

In the morning there was a cluster on the front of No. 1,
and in it 1 found a black queen which I caged with a small
number of bees, which appeared determined to hug her to
death. I opened the cage to rescue her, and she darted out
and over my rig^/ii shoulder, and that is all I know of her.
This caused me to have a spell of shaking palsy as well as
paralysis. I have suflficiently recovered to conclude that the
more I find out the less I know about bees. Now, what I
wish to ask is :

1. What became of my 2S-cent swarm ?

2. Did I do the best thing in the matter ?

Georgia.

AxswEKS. — 1. If you're going to hold me responsible
for the whereabouts of that swarm it might be better for
me to pay the 25 cents and let it go, but in order to save the
payment of so large a sum I'll make at least a guess in the
case. Perhaps the safest guess is to say that it went into
No. 2. There would be nothing very unusual in that, for it
is a common thing for a swarm to enter wherever there is un-
usual excitement, and there seems to have been excitement
at No. 2. Possibly you may say there was more excitement
at No. 1, and ask why they did not enter No. 1 where there
was as much or more excitement. I should have said they
w^ould, only for your testimony that black bees were taking
possession of No. 2.

2. So far as I can see your course was all right except
in the matter of the caged queen. It might have been bet-
ter to have saved her in the cage till you were sure you
didn't need her in either hive, and you might have taken
more pains in caging her not to have allowed any workers
in the cage. Likely that was not easy to do.

Moving Bees to an Out-Yard— Dividing Colonies.

1. Does moving bees have any effect on them just be-
fore a honey-flow ? I have moved some of mine ten
miles. They seem to be in good condition, but they are
storing all their honey in the brood-chamber, and do not
seem to go into the super. Some of them were moved with
a super on top of the brood-chamber, as the brood-chamber
would not hold the bees.

2. I would like to increase my bees. When would be a
good time to divide them ? I do not want to interfere with
the honey crop. Ai,abama.

Answers. 1. The moving would have no effect on them
unless they were smothered or otherwise injured. Put a
bait-section in the super, and see if that doesn't hurry them
up.

2. It will probably interfere with the honey crop as little
as any other way if you shake a swarm from each colony
about the time of natural swarming, or a little before it.
The shaken swarms would give you the crop, and the brood
with a few bees would easily build up into a good colony.

Rearing Queens— Putting on Supers— Red Clover Bees-
Preventing Sugar Syrup from Granulating-
Feeding the aueen.

1. As I wish to rear a number of good queens next sea-
son, I want to know whether I should purchase one of those
high-priced queens for a breeder, or can as good ones be
reared from common stock ?

2. When a super has been filled with honey should an
empty one be placed under or over it ?

3. Do you know whether any strain of bees can work
on red clover ? and, if so, who has them ?

4. How can we prevent sugar syrup from becoming
hard and crusty in the cells 7 I fed my bees last year, and
the sugar syrup became candy, or, what is worse, it became
hard like rock-candy.

5. Can a queen eat as other bees, or do the bees have to
feed her ? It is said that the bees feed the queen,

Kentuck\ .

Answers. — 1. Queens reared from the best of stock are
none too good. It is possible, however, to get good stock at

low prices by buying untested queens. A tested queen sold
for a high price was at one time an untested queen, and if
it had been sold at that time it would have been sold at
the lower price of an untested queen. But in buying an
untested queen you take the risk.

2. You will get your honey finished up sooner, and have
it more fully sealed out to the wood if you put the empty
super on top, and some say that there should never be more
than two supers on at a time. I doubt, however, that you
will get as much honey in this way. My own practice is to
put the empty super under in all cases until it comes near
the close of the harvest, when it is hard to decide whether
another super should be given or not ; in that case I put the
empty super on top. Indeed, when a heavy flow is on and
the bees have a good deal of room, I sometimes put an
empty super on top for fear there may be a little crowding
before I get around to them again.

3. Yes, there have been, one time and another, many
bees that worked more or less on red clover ; possibly some
of your bees may do so. You will find advertisements of
bees that are recommended for that purpose.

4. If you use an even teaspoonful of tartaric acid to
every 20 pounds of sugar you will probably have no trouble.
A better way, however, is to feed in such a way that the
bees will have a chance to make it all right. Feed early,
say in August or September, and give equal parts of sugar
and water. Don't need to heat it — the bees will make it all
right.

5. A queen can eat as other bees, as you can easily de-
termine by caging one for a short time and then ofllering
her a little honey. During the time of year when she is
not laying she may help herself like other bees, but in the
season of busy laying the bees feed her with food that is no
longer undigested. If she were obliged to digest all the
food she takes during heavy laying, I'm afraid the daily
quota of eggs would decline very suddenly.

What is a flood Honey Crop?— Rearing Queens for
Next Season.

1. What do you consider a good crop of honey for three
colonies of bees ? Do you think ISO pounds in six weeks a
good deal ?

2. Do you think it would be a good plan to rear queens
this summer and give them a few bees in a very small hive,
and next spring give them to a strong nucleus ?

Mississippi.

Answers. — 1. That's a little like asking the size of a
piece of coal. All pieces of coal are not of the same size.
Crops of honey vary much. There are seasons of utter
failure, and there are seasons when honey seems to come in
a flood. The character of the bees, as well as the manage-
ment, has also a bearing. If I could average, one year with
another, 50 pounds in six weeks to each colony, I should call
it a good deal.

2. Yes, if you can winter them safely.

Getting Rid of the Ant Nuisance.

1. I have been bothered with ants in my apiary. They
will catch a bee when it falls to the ground and overpower
and kill it, and also bother in the hives. Please tell me if
there is any drug that will act on them as cobalt does on
flies, and whether I could use it without danger of harming
the bees. Coal-tar seems to do no good. Californi.a.

Answer. — Find their nests, make a hole into it with a
crowbar, pour bisulphide of carbon into it, and cover up the
hole. But don't bring a light near, or you may get blown
up. You may also poison them with poison such as Paris-
green, strychnine, arsenic, etc. Mix the poison in honey
or molasses, with enough flour or corn-meal mixed in so it
will not run, and place it in convenient reach of the ants.
Of course, it must be arranged so the bees cannot get it. It
may be in plates covered with wire-cloth of such mesh as to
keep the bees out but admit the ants, in which case it is not
necessary to thicken with flour. It may be put on little
boards. Take a board four to eight inches each way, and
fasten on each corner a piece of section ; put the thicken
poison on the board, and then cover with a similar board.
The thickness of the section is such that no bee can enter,
but the ants can enter freely unless you have a giant breed
of ants.

444

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

]

Summer Cold and Unfavorable.

. The summer has been cold and unfavorable.
Many days the bees could not work. They
have hustled in the honey from white and
alsike clover whenever the weather has been
warm enough so that they could.

I have 25 colonies, some of them very
strong, but I have not had a swarm yet. I
moved my bees 30 miles last winter. I think
it hurt them. Some of them were quite weak
in the spring. C. H. Benson.

Barry Co., Mich., June 3-4.

How to Hold the Smoker.

You say it would be interesting to know
how many disagree with Editor Root as to
manner of holding smoker. It depends upon
what you wish to do. It you want to blow
smoke among the bees from the top of the
hive, hold the smoker with the fingers next
to the stove, if the large end of the smoker is
up. If you work without a veil, and want to
smoke the bees out of your nose, as you most
likely will, then hold the smoker as " Ernest ''
directs. Dr. Miller thinks he may be pigeon-
toed in the hands, but he is mistaken. Root
is a man with detective hands.

Delos Wood.

Santa Barbara Co., Calif.

Common Motherwort.

You will find enclosed some kind of a
honey-plant. Do you know the name of it ?
It blooms tolerably early, and the bees work
on it a great deal. N. R. White.

Saline Co., Mo., .June 24.

I send a branch of a flower on which bees
work so lively. It has been in bloom every
since May 20, and will, from all appearances,
still bloom by July 15. Please let us know
what its right name is. B. W. Hatck.

Adams Co., 111., June 32.

Please tell me the botanical and common
name of the enclosed plant. We have a few
stalks of it growing in our garden, and al-
though it is a common weed, we are letting
it alone on account of the bees being so fond
of its flowers. The flowers of this plant are
fairly alive with bees all day long.

Kate V. Austin.

Wayne Co., Ind., June 24.

[The above inciuiries are concerning the
same flower — common motherwort, Leonurus
cardiaca. It belongs to the mint family, and
is in bloom several weeks during the summer.
Prof. Cook, in his "Bee-Keepers' Guide,"
page 422 (17th edition), says of this flower,
among others, that they " all furnish nice,
white honey " — and " are thronged with bees
during the season of bloom."— C. L. Wal-
ton.]

A Discouraging Outlook.

I enjoy reading the reports all over the
country, and as I have seen none from this
vicinity of late I will report. The outlook is
quite discouraging for a honey crop in
southwestern Wisconsin this year. We have
plenty of white clover, but bees are working
on it but little. We have some alsike, and
bees are storing from this when the weather
will permit. To-day we haven't seen the sun.
It rained most of the afternoon, a little in the
forenoon, just enough to stop bees working.
A good many came out, got wet, chilled, and
will never return. The temperature is quite
low — about 55 degrees. Strong colonies in
double extracting hives, /. c, two-story, are
all capping just a little on the upper frames.
There is nothing in the supers for comb to
speak of, unless confined very closely below,
and little then.

Bee-keepers report bees breeding up nicely
and if we had basswood for them to go onto

FOR THE BEST

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-AND ALL...

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«^ LEAVE CHICAGO^

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(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
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Second
.... Special Car ....

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fluQusl Utn,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Aagreles

Tuesday, August ISth,

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Round Trip — Los Angeles,

Aug^ust ist to 14th,
Good until October 15th,

$50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, S6.S0. Sleeper, $2.00.

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Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE '°S-*,stss.''-

llarsbfield MaDnfactnrliig Conipany.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
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THE AMERSCAN BEE JOURNAL.

445

Tnousands ol Hives - Millions oi Sections

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Address as follows, very plainly,
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m\m$% Qoeens,

'Bred from best Italian honey-g-atherin^ stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be g-ood Queens and
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Qolden Italians

Stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
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r\ J r*\^-tj^— f\%^a.Q.*^c which left all records behind in honey-

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{~^ #■ ••n ir\\ #1 tfi £!• — They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
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Advertisers »••<

about .luly I, then we would be " lu it," but
there is no basewood to spealt of. Bee-men
report all over this southwestern part of the
State alioiit a quarter the usual amount of
basswood budded. Around my apiary there
is none. 1 bought bucliwheat seed and sent
out near town so as to have fall feed, and to-
day I learned several farmers were going to
sow buckwheat. For the past six years there
hasn't lieen any of it raised around here.

Bees are swarming but little yet. It is get-
ting quitedry. V\ e need a good, soaking rain,
some. We had too much in May.

Grant Co., Wis.. .June Ht. L. (i. Blair.

Very Bad Spring for Bees.

This is a ver}' bad spring for bees here. It
rained every day for three weeks. I have 40
colonies, and have had but one swarm this
spring. Bees are doing nothing in Hunter-
don county, so far. We are looking for bet-
ter weather. A. Dalrymple.

Hunterdon Co., N. .1., .June 24.

What Alls the Bees ?

1 want to write to you on two or three sub-
jects. Last summer I had TO colonies of bees,
and this spring I had 25. Some did not have
more than one pint of bees. Last summer it
looked as if some of the brood starved after
it had been sealed over. After the bees had
died I found nearly all more or less that way.
This spring I still thought the brood had
starved (chilled) in nearly all hives. But now
there are honey and bees enough so that the
brood would neither chill nor starve, and still
I find lots of brood in the weak ones, and
some in the stronger ones, in the same condi-
tion— some will be sealed over and dead, ap-
parently. Sometimes as much as one-half the
brood, and then their eggs and brood not
sealed over. There is no odor or bad smell
that I can tell. Some of the dead brood turns
brown and dries up in the cell. Now, from
this, can any one tell what is the trouble?
Give me a minute description of foul brood,
black brood, and pickled brood, or diseases
that tits the symptoms.

R. R. Stokesberrt.

Vermilion Co., Ind., June 24.

Dwarf Essex Rape for Bees.

Bees are doing well here now, as there is
one of the best crops of white clover this
country ever produced.

I think I have made a little discovery in re-
gard to Dwarf Essex rape for bee-pasture.
Last year, after I had dug the early potatoes, I
sowed the ground to rape for pig-pasture.
One point of about 3x4 rods square was not
fenced in. The most of it wintered and be-
gan to blossom soon after fruit-bloom, and
the bees have been working on it ever since —
about five weeks now — and they still continue
to work on the last flowers, as it is about
gone. They have worked on it during, the
last two weeks with plenty of white clover all
around it. I think they work it mostly for
honey, as 1 never noticed them loading with
pollen. I think of sowing two or three acres
in August or the fore part of September for a
bee-pasture next spring. It will be out of the
way in time to sow a crop of buckwheat.

If any one has had any experience with
rape for bee-pasture, and can give any infor-
mation in regard to its management, 1 would
like to hear from him through the American
Bee .Journal. P. B. Ramer.

Fillmore Co., Minn., .June 26.

No Swarm In Eight Years.

So much bus been said and written about
the desirability of non-swarming bees that I
thought perhaps a few words from me would
be acceptable, as I have had some experience
in that line, and I am convinced that I have
got a non-^warming variety of bees. Why do
I think so ' Because they answer the descrip-
tion as given by nearly all the writers on the
subject, viz.. they do not swarm; but they do
give me .surplus honey every year. I can't
take credit for better management, for I
manage just as all prominent writers say we
should manage. There is plenty of room in

446

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

the brood-chamber for the queen to lay,
plenty ol ventilation when weather is warm,
and I extract whenever the bees begin to seal
the honey in the super, so the management is
nothing unusual. Yet I have not h^d a
swarm issue in eight years.

I have five colonies back of my home, and
my lot is 30 feet wide, with neighbors on both
sides. So a swarm could not very well get
out without being seen, and my queens' wings
are clipped ; that is, I clip one wing quite
short.

The orginal queen was a gold-dust Italian,
and the ones I now have are of her stock. I
am not selling queens, but I do think I have a
stock that won't swarm if given fairly good
management. I have kept bees oft and on
for 16 years, but never very many colonies at
a time. I use S-frame dovetailed hives, and
run for extracted honey altogether.

D. A. Harbah.

Rock Island Co., 111., June 34.

Too Cold for Bees.

Bees are doing fairly well. It has been too
cold. We had two frosts this month. Our
bees are too far from good clover fields, which
are abundant two to four miles away.

Rock Co., Wis. Theo. S. Hurley.

[Too Much Cold Weather.

The honey crop will be fair, but not nearly
so big as expected. We have had too much
cold weather here. Besides, bees were weak
on account of the drouth last year.

Jas. Hornback.

Riverside Co., Calif., June 1".

Self-Spacing Brood-Frames.

As there has been so much said about the
Hoffman and ot/ier self-spaced (or fool-proof)
frames, I will tell why they are not wanted.
In Cuba, for instance, we have to extract
from the brood-chamber regularly, so that the
same frame is part of the time in the brood-
chamber and part of the time in the super.
Now, here is the point : Seven frames are
used in a 10-trame super. Now, when you
jerk the cover off from one of these supers all
that you can see is honey. And when you
uncap, one side or edge of the knife is dull
for chopping the wax and honey off the top-
bar. Now, just tell me where your staples
would be?

Here in Illinois I am using six frames in an
8-frame super, and I want a frame that can
be used both above and below. So for ex-
tracted honey you or anybody else want a
self-spaced frame.

Comb honey is a little different thing. I
like a self-spaced frame for that myself. I
have a few staple-spaced frames and about 50
hives with Hoffman frames, and every time
I go over them a few of them get their legs
broken. I was with Moe in Cuba last winter,
and will probably return to the Island.

Leslie Burr.

Grundy Co., lU., June IS.

Sainfoin or Espareette.

Bees are doing well here considering the
dry weather that we have had this spring.
We expect a great quantity of bloom from
white sweet clover, but the cattle are begin-
ning to learn to eat it too freely this year. I
planted some yellow sweet clover seed in a
field where the cattle could get it to eat. Say !
they put that yellow clover out of sight as
readily as a small boy would a candy-stick.

But I have, I believe, struck luck in another
direction. Some years ago Mr. Dadant gave
a write-up of his travels in some of the old
European countries, and mentioned sainfoin,
or espareette, clover as a good honey-plant.
Well, I have been schemingaround ever since
to get hold of it. My plants are now two
years old, and the way those little bees hustle
around on that sainfoin would make any
one's heart glad. My clover has been in
bloom three weeks now, and although we
have had very little rain the bees have been
working hard on my little p'ot of it every
day. It is a good fodder-plant, making good

Italian Qucc^ns,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. I.(i0

One Breeder Queen l.M

Oise - Comb Nucleus (no

Queea) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeuj sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on l>oz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Flease mention Bee Jotimat vrlien writme.

Our isipring Sales

f lepse mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1 6 12

Honey Queens (Untested). $ .75 $4.00 $7.00
" " (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13.00

Golden " (Untested).. .75 4.00 7.00
" " (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13 00

2-£rame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after June 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iow.a, Dec. 31, IWl.
Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother lakes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be haodlecl with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before

May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or

Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

17Atf PEARL CITY. ILL.

Flease mention Bee Journal wben 'writing

40Etf

rCllbkl MADE. Bull

■ ™«"«»^" strong, Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at WholMmle
Prices. Fully Warranlpd. Catalog Free.

Please mention the Bee Journal

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1866. 89th Session opens Sept id.
Subjects: Phrenology the Art of Character
Reading; Anatomy. Ph,yslolozy. Physiognomy,
Heredity. Hygiene, etc. Address : 24 E. 22d St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells t'o.
24Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEEIS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian^ warranted
to give satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in lHvS8. Our stock orig-i-
nated from the best and highest-priced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. Wt
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 75c each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $S; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen) $2 each. All Queens-
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep'
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.J 16E13t

WE WANT WORKERS

BojB, Girls, oldandyonngallko^

make money working for UB.

We furnish CAplt.1 toaUnyon m bad-

Deu. S«Dd DB 10c ftunps or sUver for fall tnatnictlona .nd a line ol'

.>mpI«.to work with. UKAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,CUcafO,IU.

Caiifnfnitt I if yon care to know of It*
V^aillUrilia l Fmlts, Flowers, CUmate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Cali-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticnltnral and Agricultural

Eaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly ,
andsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. San
pie copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street. - Saw Francisco. Cai .

BOYS

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

25 years the best.
Send for Circular

25Atf

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Parweli. Mich

Ditlmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wbolesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

IVorking \rax into Foundation for Casli a Specialty. Beestvax
al-waj's fv'anted at highest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis,

Complete Line of Lewis' Matchless Dovetail Hives and

Supplies at Factory Prices,
HIGH-CLASS QUEENS, — Buckeye Strain Red Clover

QueenSi they roU in the honey while the ordinary starve.

Muth Strain Golden Italians, suTnor Carniolans, Betllr.

We guarantee safe arrival by return mail.

APRIL, MAY. JUNE.

Untested $1.00 each; 6 for $ 5.00

Select Untested... 1.25 each; 6 for 6.00

Best money can buy $5.00 each.

2-frame Nuclei with Select Untested
Queen $2.75

Send for Catalog and see SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

Please meutioa Beeloamal 'wnen 'WiitlsX

July 9, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

447

hay. It comes up for several years, I believe.
It will pay to raise it for both hay and honey.
W. U. Harris.
Ontario, Canada, June 32.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

)

Putting Name of Producer On Honey.
Packages.

W. \V. McNeal, who has figured both as a
producer and a dealer, says in the American
Bee-Keeper :

The producer who contends that he is rob-
bed'of his rights when he is denied the privi-
lege of ornamenting small honey packages
with his name and address, when such are not
to be delivered to the consumer by himself, is
certainly laboring under a mistaken idea of
what constitutes justice in the art of trade.
He may feel a pardonable pride in the excel-
lence of his goods, but he should not insist on
having all the glory and profits, too, when he
reaps the benefits of a wholesale disposal of
his crop to the dealer.

The dealer who caters to the retail trade has
much to contend with and he should be given
a clear title to his purchase, unencumbered by
the name and address of the producer. When
he has succeeded in creating a demand for
honey in this more expensive way, his name
is the one for lovers of honey to become
familiar with. When he has paid for any
given number of pounds of honey he should
be accorded the right of his own name on his
( then) own goods if he chooses to exercise
that right just as truly as though he were to
purchase any other of the farm products.
This is only playing fair — only giving him a
chance, and in no wise can it be said to be a
slap at industry and a defeat of those princi-
ples of justice and right which inspire tea
betterment of present conditions.

Candy for Queen-Cages.

I have now been exporting queens to all
parts of Australia for nearly 20 years, and
I have found no sugar equal to " icing sugar "
for making candy for provisioning queen-
cages. To make I place the icing sugar on a
large plate, and on top of it I pour a little
honey of the best quality. This is then
worked vigorously for almost half an hour,
rolling it occasionallj- in the sugar with a
glass-bottle roller, and then working it again
in the hands until it becomes soft. To test
its consistency I work it in the hands awhile
without adding sugar, and if it does not stick
it is right, and will successfully stand any
weather, wet, dry, or hot. — H. L. Jones, in
the Australian Bee-Keeper.

Confining Bees for Shipment.

In the preparation of an apiary for a long
move, there are innumerable details which
develop to keep the manager thinking and
conniving. In order to avoid a loss of field-
bees, it is necessary that they be confined
after all have returned for the night. Con-
siderable time and labor are required to affix
proper entrance-screens; and time, under
such circumstances, is usually at a premium.
As a possible helpful suggestion to those v, ho
have such work to do, we shall endeavor to
explain the ingenious plan adopted by our
old friend Pat, when preparing for the Cuban
trip:

Several days previous to the date upon
which it was desired to make the start, Pat
bestirred himself in quest pf at)out a bushel
of old corks of uniform size. Having ascer-
tained the exact size of the stoppers at his
command, he proceeded to bore a hole into
which they would snugly tit, in the front end
of each hive, about centrally located. Wide
entrance-screens were now adjusted to pre-
vent the bees from using the ordinary en-
trance. These screens were supported by
frames made of lath, and permitted the bees

to come out and move about upon the front
of the hive aiross its full width and upward
about four iiirhes. The bees soon became
accustouieil to itie 'new opening, and through
it work prDiiided as formerly, though the
old entrance was stopped by the screen device.
On the evening of the departure, with car
upon the side-track, and drays in waiting,
Pat might have Ijeen seen peering into space
and anxiously scanning the western horizon,
while he held in his hand a commodious bas-
ket of corks. The exact moment for opera-
tion must have been very definitely decided
by visible conditions, for when it arrived, a
handful of corks was grabbed, and beginning
at one corner uf the apiary, with but a single
step from hive to hive, they were inserted
with mechanical regularity, and the whole
200 or more colonies were ready for loading
in less time than it will take the reader to
hear how he did it. — American Bee-Keeper.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

Prize =winnlnfl

Daug^hters of Moore's famons long'-tougued
red clover Italian Qneen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tong-ued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just roll in the honey," as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, J4.00; dozen, $7.50. Selected Untested, $1.00
each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Circular free.

J. P. MOORE,

25Atf Lock B^x I . MORGAN. KY.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and lei us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.

Tennessee ftueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
S-band Queens. Bred3J4 miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HIlyL, TENN.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOT,A.TIONS

)

CiucA'.o, Jane 27.— The market is very quiet,
L little extracted sells for immediate use at
>rices ranging from 5J4#6i^c. Comb is lifeless
Ih quite a quantity on the market. Beeswax,

30(ao2i;.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, June 30— No comb honey in this
market. New white comb would sell for $3 50
to $3 75 for 24-section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There is considerable extracted honey on the
market with scarcely any demand. Price nom-
inal at 5i4(<^6%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25(ai30c. C. C. Clemons Ol Co.

Albany, N. Y., June 20.— Honey market quiet
here; prices nominal and light receipts. We
quote light comb, lS@16c; mixed, 14@l5c, Ex-
tracted, white, 654@7!^c; amber, 6@6Kc; dark
5>^@6c. Beeswax, 31@32c. H. R. Wriqht.

Cincinnati, June 1. — Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5H@65ic in barrels; white
clover, S@9c; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, 15@16c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, May 21.— Comb honey trade ex-
ceptionally quiet, very little doing. Fancy
stock not plentiful and is sold at 14c. A large
supply of other grades on hand, which we are
quoting at from ll@13c, according to quality,
and in large lots make concessions from tbese
prices. Extracted, unusually quiet, and prices
show a downward tendency all along the line.
Beeswax, firm at from 30@3lc.

HlLDKBTH A SBQBLKBH.

Cincinnati, June 27.— The market for honey
continues very uncertain, and there are no set-
tled prices, if anything the price has a tendency
downward. We quote same as follows : Fancy
water-white bring-s 15@16c. Extracted, amber,
in barrels, 5%@5%c; in cans, 6@6>ic; white
clover, .S@s}4c. Beeswax, 30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

TRACTED HONEY !
Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED !

California Comb Honey in car-lots, it

will pay you to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON.

24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowestprice delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-^ Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrna!.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cat.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Flease mention Bee Journal -when -writine

1$ OOOD HNNEf

and easy to make
if yon work for us. We will start ynu in
lOOHlneBS and furnish the capital. w uric
Ight and easy. Send 10 cents for tuU

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way

Son cannot afford to be without the best
heep Paper published in the United States.

W^ool markets and Sheep

has a bobby which is the sheep-breeder and
bis industry, flr8t,foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested? Write to-day.
WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGAIQ lU.

448

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 9, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
'will not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gekrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oodsat catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

•▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ wwwirm

tT.ease meutioii Bee Journal ■when •writina.

Bee=Supplies

INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN UNDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new countrj. Market and ship-
pings facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantag-es, Southern lands
are selling- for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net larg-e returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

fl.H.HflNSON, G.P.fl.,GhicaQO.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

WARM YOUR HOUSE

ftt low t-ost by usinp the LEADER Steel Funiaoe.
Saves coal, time, trouble. Send for free booklet No. 17
Uess W&rmluc and VentUatlnff €q., Ohleueo. III.

Please mention Bee Journal -when -WTitinp

Very best of
goods, lar-
gest stock in

Indiana. Send list of goods wanted AT ONCE

and get our

Special Prices.

*^f,t'e°^ C. M. SCOTT & CO.,

1004 E. Washington Street,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

'Plea.«!e mention Bee Journal vrlieu ^vriting.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

' and you may have part of It If you veork
for ue. U no le Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOc for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

' bueinesB. Draper PabllshlaKCo.tChlcaKo.lll.

Flease mention Bee Journal when ■writln&

Special Notice to Bee- Keepers ! |

bostonI

Money io Bees for Yon. tj

Catalog Price on •?

ROOT'S SUPPLIES I

Catalog for the Asking.

S F. H. FARMER, SJ

^ 152 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

S up First Flight. ^

16A131 Please mention the Bee Journal.

%ifS,je^ie»je,je,ja,M,jem:^i,y!,je,je,je,je,je^^

'yi'? Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

W«» 0-imi*flnff>(> ^Jlticfarf ir»n What more can anybody do? beauty,

we gUdFcinLCC ,:?dusicttiiun. purity, firmness, no sAoaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

W^tlv Hrkf^e W af>\\ at\ v^f^ll? Because it has always given better satis-
VV Iiy UUCA IL »CII »U WCIl r faction than any other. Because In aj years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LariQstroth on the Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal vrhen -writing

I Seasonable Suggestions. |

Use the Porter Spring Escape.

When taking off surplus this is the greatest saving device. It
does away with the shaking of the heavy supers, the cruelty of ex-
cessive smoking which causes the bees to uncap their honey and

start robbing. Just tip the super to the angle of 45° and insert the
board. In a few hours it is free of bees ; then take off your super.
No need of smoking. You can as well afford to be without a smoker
as without the Porter Bee-Escape. Order to-dav.

PRICE : 20c each ; dozen, $2.25 ; postpaid. With board, 35c
each ; $3.20 per 10 ; by express or freight.

Use Porter Honey-House Escape

over the doors and windows in the extracting-house, or any place
you wish to clear of bees. The most persistent robber cannot re-
turn. Some bee-keepers make a practice of taking off the filled su-

pers and stacking seven or eight in a pile. The Porter Honey-house
mounted on a board makes the best kind of escape. Don't wait till
to-morrow before you get a supply. You can't afford to be without
them longer.

PRICE : 25c each ; $2.75 per dozen, postpaid. Board without
escape, 15c each ; $1.00 per 10. For sale by

In stock at all branch
houses; also ail our
Agencies.

The ft.j. Root Go., Medina, 0. |

■r GEORGE W. YORK S CO. "Sb'kao offir"' 4

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send ^

to them for their free Catalog. ^

Nat'l Bee=Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL. JULY 16, 1903.

No. 29.

450

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16. 1903.

PtTBLISHBD WEBKLY BY

6E0RGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY

I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,
OE30K.OE -W. "2-OR,IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforct-' laws ag'ainst the adtilteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITTLH, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escoudido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, lU.

I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

oretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
gueeu-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

"^ SENT BY RETURN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal Idygrtia^f....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the it'OLL Size op the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When orderiug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Kntte.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-la
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering* into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back spring's of Sheffield spring'-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the '* Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, aud you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the *' Novelties," j-our Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and Ik
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cuT gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation o*
this^beautiful knife, as th^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium toth«
cue sending us ihree new subsckihers to the Bee Journal (withS^W.} We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.

<t9~Please allov' ""bout two weeks for your knife order to be tilled.

Chicago, 111

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 16, 1903,

No. 29.

Editorial Comments

J

The Growth of Clover in northern Illinois this year is un-
precedented. A correspondent sends a head of ordinary white clover
measuring a full inch across, with a stem more than 15 inches in

length.

The Economy of Using Foundation, says Adrian Getaz in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, is not so much in the saving of honey that
would be used in secreting the wax as in the greater amount of stand-
ing room for the laborers. If a full sheet of foundation is given,
work may be commenced at once over its entire surface, while if no
foundation, or only a small starter be given, no work can be done on
any part of the comb till all above is built down.

An Improvement in Smokers that will be appreciated by
many is worth mentioning. It is a common thing for the nozzle of a
smoker that has acquired some age to get to be something of a nui-
sance by becoming difficult to fasten on, and easy to tumble off. The
A. I. Root Co. are now making the nozzle, lid, or cover, to the smoker
something like the cover to the ordinary baking-powder can, the
cover tjeing hinged to the bellows-hoard.

This makes a much more secure covering than the ordinary flaring
arrangement. Of course, however, it must be kept cleaned or there
will be trouble about the lit; but no amount of cleaning will make the
old flaring kind work to entire satisfaction.

Young Queens and Swarming. — It is agreed on all hands
that a colony with an old queen is more likely to swarm than one with
a young queen, other things being equal. Whether the mere presence
of a young queen is sufficient entirely to prevent swarming is quite
another question, and upon this point opinions are divided. Editor
Hutchinson says:

" Year after year have I proved the truthf uless of the theory that
the giving of a young queen before the swarming fever has developed,
will prevent swarming."

On the other hand. Dr. Miller says that one year about the begin-
ning of the honey harvest, and before the development of the swarm-
ing fever, he supplied all the colonies of one apiary with youcfr
queens, but they swarmed. Some of the highest European authori-
ties hold that a colony will not swarm if it contains a young queen
reared in the colony itself. This, probably, may be generally relied
on, but some have reported exceptions. It would be interesting it
one could know what conditions or circumstances make such dilTt-r-
ences in results.

Forming N'uolei. — H. L. Jones, the bright Australian queen-
breeder, gives in the Australasian Bee-Keeper the following plan :

On the ninth day after preparing a batch of queen-cells I go to
the colony I wish to divide and remove the queen along with a frame
of bees and brood and make a nucleus of this. On the following day I
go to uiy batch of ripe queen-cells and place each one in a West queen-
cell protector, and then each cell-protector in a West spiral cage, first
securely closing the opening at the bottom of the spiral cage with
wax. Then I place say fovir of these in the queenless colony, one

cage to each frame of brood. The next day there will be four young
queens in the hive, and all I have to do is to take away each frame of
ijees, brood, and queen, and a frame of honey placed in a nucleus,
release queen, and practically every bee will stay there as contentedly
as it they had swarmed there. I have made thousands of nuclei in
this manner, and it is far more satisfactory to me than any otberil
have ever tried.

The essential feature in the case seems to be that the bees, on be-
ing moved to a new location, are accompanied by their ((ueen. Prob-
ably the same result would be obtained if the maturing cell were
caged in any kind of a wire-cloth cage.

Abdouienless Bees is the strange heading of an editorial in

Gleanings in Bee-Culture. At first thought it would hardly seem pos-
sible that by its own act a bee would actually tear itself apart, but
there seems no chance for mistake. The editor says :

About the first of May, when spraying was being carried on by
some of our neighbors, I noticed hundreds and hundreds of our bees,
which had lost their abdomens, dropping down on the sidewalks, or
on bare spots of ground. In fact, such bees were scattered all over
everywhere, but they showed up more plainly, of course, on the side-
walks. These wriggling creatures, without their hinder parts, crawl-
ing around, keeling over and over, were, of course, very much out of
balance. They appeared greatly distressed. They would rush around
in circles, or tug with their hind legs at their abdomens as if there
were some pain or distress in that portion of their bodies. I was non-
plused.

I watched the bees flying overhead, aud noticed the fact that they
were coming from the fruit-bloom, and I began to surmise that the
trees off in that direction had been sprayed with poisonous mixtures,
and that the trunkless victims on the sidewalk had come from them
direct. After watching in the air for some time I saw a bee suddenly
drop down, without its abdomen, and strike the sidewalk with a bound
and a whirl. I looked up again, and finally saw a bee Hying toward
me suddenly drop, whirling over and over, and land on its back, with-
out its abdomen. That this bee had been flying was very plain. When
I first saw it it was rolling over and over in the air. From some cause
or other it had lost its abdomen while on the wing; and at the precise
moment of losing it, it went keeling heels over head until it landed at
my feet.

I then called the attention of our apiarist to the matter, and we
both got down on our hands and knees and watched. Finally, I saw
a bee tug away at its hind quarters until it actually, by the power of
its bind legs, tore its abdomen asunder at one of the segments or rings.
But in this case the separation took place, not at the waist, but mid-
way along the abdomen. A further search showed that other bees
were tugging away at their bodies, and had torn them loose in the
manner described.

My theory was, the bees that had just come from the field were
suffering from poison, and that, while on the wing, they would tug
away at their bodies with their legs, and finally effect the separation
of the parts. We picked up a number of the victims with and without
the abdomen, and all of them apparently suffering. These were sent
to Prof. Frank Benton, Apricultural Expert at the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington.

Dr. Wiley, the government chemist, made an examination to see
whether any trace of arsenic was present, as the presence of arsenic
would confirm the suspicion that the bees were poisoned by Paris-
green used in spraying fruit-trees when in bloom. Dr. Wiley reported
that arsenic was not present, but small amounts of copper were. This
points pretty plainly toward poisoning by Bordeaux mixture, the
principal ingredient of which is copper sulphate, or blue vitriol. Bor-
deaux mixture is used very commonly in spraying, perhaps more gen-
erally than Paris-green.

The dying in such torture must have been a pitiable sight for one
who loves the busy little creatures, and makes one feel that there
should be a more determined effort than ever to have laws made ia
every State to prevent spraying fruit-trees when in bloom.

452

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

Association Notes

Mr. D. H. Welch, of Stafford Co., Kans., writes as follows in
reference to attending the convention at Los Angeles :

Could one get a stop-over enroute to San Francisco and attend
the convention and still not miss the 0. A. R. meeting at the latter
place? If so, could I take the same train you come on that stops one
day at the Grand Canyon ; What hour would it pass through our
town ; Would I need a special ticket to get these privileges!

D. H. Welch.

We will have to refer Mr. Welch to his station agent, who likely
can answer his questions. As we understand it, the train on the
Santa Fe that will have the special oar goes first to Los Angeles. The
G. A. R. Encampment meets a little before the bee-keepers' conven-
tion, we believe, so that it would be necessary to go to San Francisco
first.

We will not attempt to say anything further in answer to Mr.
Welch's questions, as we really are not able to answer them. His sta-
tion agent will likely be able to furnish him all the information
needed.

A Car-Load of Bee-Kebpers for the Los Angeles convention
would be a great thing. We suppose all have read what Prof. Cook
said, in last week's Bee Journal, about the Grand Canyon and other
scenes along the route to be taken to and from the convention. We are
certain that the required number, which is only IS persons, will easily
be secured to make the trip together. Pres. Hutchinson, in referring
to " the pleasures of a trip across the continent, and a visit to the
Grand Canyon, of a company of bee-keepers who are sufficiently in-
terested to cross the continent to attend a bee-convention," has this to
say also :

" Four days and nights in such company will beat any convention
all hollow. The fellow that does not go will regret it only once — but
that will be for a lifetime.''

Those who have already expressed themselves as expecting to go
in the company referred to are the following: W. Z. Hutchinson, one
or more of the Root Co., Dr. C. C. Miller, and the writer and his wife.
So it will be seen that a good start has been made already. There are
others who are thinking of going, and, no doubt, will decide to join
the party. If all such will kindly write us we will be pleased to men-
tion their names in this department. No doubt there will be several
from New York State who will meet in Chicago and go in the car
mentioned. It will be a great trip, and should be taken by every bee-
keeper who possibly can get away long enough to go to Los Angeles
and back.

Miscellaneous Items

Father Langstroth has credit in Gleanings in Bee-Culture tor
having given forced swarming, substantially as now practiced, more
than 40 years ago.

Geo. W. Brodheck, president of the California National Honey-
Producers' Association, writing us June 30 from Los Angeles Co.,
said that he finds from observation and reports that had come in up
to that date, that their honey season was nearly over, and that the
crop is less than one-half in comparison with that of two years ago.

Mr. J. Q. Smith, the new Inspector of Apiaries for Illinois, has
begun his work. He says he has put in several days Inspecting, and
found foul brood in every apiary so far. Surely, an inspector is
needed when such conditions exist. He wishes us to invite those
wanting their beee inspected to write to him as soon as possible, so
that he will know just where to go, and thus better arrange his work.
He might go to one part of the State, and ihen the next call be almost
back where he started. He wishes to save all the time he can for
work, and not waste it in traveling. Address Mr. Smith at Lincoln,
Logan Co., 111.

[ Convention Proceedings ]

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec, 3 and 4, 1902.

BY ODR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pa^e 43'>.)

Pres. York — We have a few more questions here, but
before we take them up, I wish to call on Prof. Eaton,
chemist of the State Food Commission, who is with
us. He has always been in great sympathy with the bee-
keepers, and especially pure honey. Dr. E. N. Eaton, of the
Illinois State Food Commission.

ADDRESS BY STATE ANALYST EATON,

I am very sorry that I was not with you yesterday, as I
understand you had the question of the adulteration of
honey up for discussion. I am sure I would have been very
much interested in your talk upon that subject, and perhaps
I could have helped you in some way, at least by calling
your attention to some of the facts concerning the adultera-
tion of honey.

I have not missed a meeting of the Chicago Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and I did not want to miss this one, so,
although the subject in which I am especially interested
was discussed yesterday, I thought I would come and listen
anyway, although I did not expect to say anything. I be-
lieve a chemist, especially one engaged in the crusade for
pure food, can get a good deal of good from your meetings.
I have noticed the lack of knowledge of many of my col-
leagues along the practical lines of bee-keeping, and you
have noticed it yourselves, I am sure. Just this year there
have been two State bulletins published in which the com-
missioners of pure food declared that comb honey was adul-
terated, that the comb was artificially manufactured. One
of these was from North Carolina, and the other from South
Dakota. It was also declared that there was a great deal
of glucose-fed honey. Of course, South Dakota has not a
chemist. Their chemical work is done at the Experiment
Station. That probably accounts for the otherwise very
efficient Commissioner making the statement he did ; but if
these people had attended bee-keepers' conventions they
would not have made the mistakes which I am sure did a
great deal of damage to the bee-keeping and honey indus-
tries.

I noticed with a good deal of pleasure the remarks of
Mr. Abbott before the Denver convention, in which he said
there was no adulterated honey in Illinois. I am not sure
that he made it quite that strong, but almost as strong as
that. I suppose you could find a little adulterated honey,
but I believe that the markets of Illinois are very free from
adulterated honey, at least in comparison with the condition
in other States in the Union.

The Illinois Food Commission have six inspectors.
They have special instructions to look at the honey on the
shelves, to see whether it is labeled correctly ; that the
adulterated has the word " adulterated," and the name of
the producer on it. They also have instructions to take up
all suspicious samples and send them to the laboratory for
analysis. I have examined a number of samples lately, but
haven't found one adulterated ; whereas, two or three years
ago, over 33' j percent of honey sold in Illinois proved to be
adulterated.

Mr. Wilcox — I would like to ask Prof. Eaton if there is
any danger of the chemist making the analysis being mis-
taken in his conclusions ? Are we not in danger of being
improperly judged, or our products? Can they tell to a
reasonable certainty ? and, if so, how does it happen that a
chemist in South Dakota reported glucose-fed honey ?

Prof. Eaton — This remark was not made by a chemist,
but by a commissioner who is not a chemist, and probably
did not seek the advice of his chemist before making the
report. I don't know that a chemist could tell whether glu-
cose was fed to bees. However, in case of cane-sugar, I
think the chemist could tell in the analysis of the honey

July 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

453

whether the cane-sugar was added to the honey. In regard
to glucose-fed honey, I believe there is no such article on
the market. In regard to the detection of glucose in honey,
it is one of the easiest things in chemistry when present in
any commercial quantity.

Mr. Wilcox — I notice in the report of the commissioner
of South Dakota that there is quite a variation. Now, what
causes that difference in the degree of variation ?

Prof. Eaton — The variation is caused in part by the
varying amount of invert sugar in honey. Cane-sugar is
present in small quantities in all honey, from less than 1
percent to as high as 7 percent.

Mr. Moore — Will you tell us what condition the market
is in now as compared with before your commission began
work^the percent of adulterated honey on the market ?

Prof. Eaton — lean not, and I suppose it would be im-
possible to tell the exact percent of adulterated honey on
the market now or at any other time. But before the Food
Commission was in existence, the National Bee-Keepers'
Association took up the subject of adulterated honey in Chi-
cago, and bought a number of samples on the market indis-
criminately, and gave them to me for analysis, and the re-
sult of that work showed that at least 33' i percent of the
honey on the market was adulterated. The first year of the
Food Commission we took a good many samples of honey,
but, as a rule, we tried to get samples which we thought to
be adulterated, which looked suspicious in character. The
analysis proved that about a third of this also was adul-
terated, but I wouldn't want to say that that showed the
actual condition of the market, on account of the discrimi-
nation exercised in purchasing. This year we haven't been
able to find one sample of adulterated honey, but I suppose
there are samples of adulterated honey on the market.

If any of the members of this Association have any
suspicions as regards any particular honey, or where we
may be able to get adulterated honey, I should be glad after
the meeting is over, to have you give us the names and ad-
dresses of the persons we could get that honey from, and we
will purchase a sample from them in the regular way by
our inspectors. No name will be given, and it will give us
some clew where to go to get adulterated honey.

Pres. York — We find in certain parts of Chicago there
is adulterated honey, but it is labeled "adulterated."

Prof. Eaton — I mean honey put up contrary to the food
laws.

Mr. Colburn — Let me suggest a point. I don't believe
that there is any adulterated comb honey anywhere. We
had some adulterated some months ago in Chicago, and a
statement from some editor that you couldn't find a pound
of pure comb honey — we should make a distinction between
extracted and comb honey, so that the public will not be
misled.

Dr. Miller — I think he said there wasn't a sample of
any glucose-fed honey.

Prof. Eaton — X wouldn't want to say that there is no
adulterated comb honey, because we regard the feeding of
bees cane-sugar to be an adulteration, and we have found
and proved in Illinois that from one apiary there was that
kind of honey placed on the market. We bought the sam-
ples and proved them to be — and it was afterwards admitted
to be — honey that was obtained by feeding bees cane-sugar.

FEEDING GLUCOSB TO BBKS.

Mr. Wilcox — I would prefer to ask this question of the
bee-keepers. It is the simple question referred to glucose-
fed comb honey in Mr. Eaton's first remarks. I want to
ask the bee-keepers if anybody knows whether the bees will
store glucose. Can you make them store it, or can you
make them store cane-sugar in the hives ? I have been told
by men who have fed barrels of it, and fed it for years, who
positively declared that the bees didn't store it in the combs,
and will not store it at all.

Pres. York — I am afraid you are expecting a great deal
if you want these bee-keepers to confess I

Mr. Niver — Mr. Hutchinson says they won't take it for
him, and he says he would like to know if there is anybody
else here who has tried it.

Mr. Abbott — They won't take it from anybody, only to
keep from starving.

Mr. Armstrong — There is honey in the market labeled
" adulterated " that has comb in it. What is the object in
doing that ? It is intended to deceive, is it not ?

Dr. Miller — When they see the comb there they won't
look so sharp at the printing on it.

Mr. France — In reply to Mr. Hutchinson I will say that
I was considerably interested in the adulteration of honey,
but decided to test it before spreading it about. I took a

colony, put them into a hive, and starved them for 48 hours;
then I gave them pure glucose, and they continued to starve,
and there was the same amount in the vessel that there was
before. I added one-fourth honey to that liquid ; still they
continued to starve, until it was one-half honey before they
touched it at all, and then only just enough to subsist or
live.

(Contiaued next week.)

(

Contributed Articles

More About Forced or Artificial Swarming.

BY C. DAVENPORT.

IN my previous article upon artificial or forced swarming
I treated the subject in a general way only, but as there
are a great many who will no doubt try it for the first
time this season, it may interest some for me to give some
of my experience in the matter more in detail.

I have in the past said, and I am still of the opinion,
that the amateur, or those without experience, can secure
better results by allowing natural swarming. While quite
a few have reported good results from forced swarming
upon their first trial of the plan, there is no question in my
mind but what to every one who has reported favorably, a
dozen or more have tried it with unfavorable results, and
said nothing about it. From this it will be seen that I do
not believe with some that this method or control of swarm-
ing will greatly increase or revoluntionize our business.

From careful reading of what has been written on this
subject, I know that some localities are for some reason
more favorable for forced swarming than my own is. For
instance, one who has had a good deal of experience reports
that with him these forced swarms very seldom, or never,
attempt to swarm out or desert after being made. Now,
here that is one of the main draw-backs about the plan, for
from 40 to 80 percent of these swarms will swarm out
within a day or two after being made, the number varying
in different seasons. In fact, I do not know but what some
seasons I would be safe in saying that over 100 percent will
swarm out, for some will come out twice, and in a few in-
stances I have had them come out half a dozen or more
times, and sulk around for a week or so in the height of the
white clover harvest, before settling down to work.

If it were not for this swarming out, I could produce
much more honey each season than I do now. But as the
matter now stands, I know from actual experience that I
can, one year with another, make more money from one
yard than I can by attempting to run one or more out-yards.
I mean, of course, without hiring help ; and if this is to be
done it requires less skill to handle natural swarming than
it does to make forced swarms so that good results will be
secured.

The last two seasons all the bees I have personally
handled were located in one yard. Last season there were
180 colonies, spring count, in this yard, and I secured about
13,000 pounds of honey which averaged me about 10 cents a
pound net. I also sold about 4fl00 worth of bees and S20
worth of wax. About a third of this honey was extracted
and the rest comb in sections. I did nearly all the work
myself, and I had more than I wanted to do, and more, I
think, than any man should do.

I have given the results of last season to show that
good results can be secured from forced swarming, but I
had to be right there every day to attend to the forced
swarms, and if I had been running around to out-yards but
little in the way of surplus would have been secured from
any of them. This matter of one handling a number of
yards alone must depend upon locality, for no man that
ever lived could do it profitably here. Through June, July,
and August one large yard keeps a man moving lively in a
fair season, if he does what should be done. Last season I
let on shares a large out-yard to a man who has quite a fam-
ily of children, a number of which are nearly grown up.
He allowed natural swarming and also practiced forced
swarming, and for awhile it took him, the hired man, and
all the rest of the family to handle them. The forepart of
the season, though, was the worst for swarming, and the
swarms were the hardest to handle that I have ever known.
One of the many mysteries about our pursuit to me is,

454

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

whyj some of these forced, or, for that matter, natural
swarms will stay in their new hive and go to work at once
with apparently no thought of swarming out, and others,
just alike in every way so far as can be seen, and treated in
exactly the same manner, are determined to swarm out and
loaf awhile before going to work. With some, leaving one
frame of brood a day or so prevents swarming out, but here
so little reliance can be placed on this that I do not practice
it any more, unless for some reason a colony is " swarmed "
before they have begun to construct cells. In this case I
leave them permanently one or two frames of brood, and if
a colony has not got the swarming fever, they seldom at-
tempt to swarm after nearly all their brood is taken away.

I have done a good deal of experimenting in making
these forced swarms, trying to find some method or plan by
which they could be made that would prevent their swarm-
ing out, and while I have not succeeded in this I will give
the plan I now practice, which gives the best results of any
of the many methods I have tried.

The colony that is to be swarmed is set or moved just
back of its old stand, and a new hive, the frames of which
contain only starters, is set in the place. Underneath this
new hive is placed an empty hive-body without frames,
and another without frames is placed over it. If I have
made my meaning clear, it will be seen that we have three
hive- bodies or stories tiered up, the middle one only contain-
ing frames. I now take the frames with adhering bees
from the old hive and shake or jar them into the empty top
story, when they at once run down into the two lower
stories. No brushing is required, for if desired nearly every
bee can be jarred from the frames. With the left hand I
hold the frame by the top-bar over the empty hive.and then
with the closed right hand, I hit the top-bar near the center
a sharp, quick blow. After a little practice one can, with
two or three blows or strikes, jar nearly every bee from a
frame.

After the bees are jarred in, the upper story is removed,
and if the old hive had on unfinished sections these are
placed on the new hive ; or, if they are to be run for ex-
tracted honey, a set of extracting combs with a queen-ex-
cluding honey-board between the two stories is used. The
second or third day the empty under body is removed. The
object in having it there is that I have found that for some
reason when it is used the bees are much less liable to
desert or swarm out the next day or two, and they are also
not nearly so apt to loaf or sulk for a few days. When only
one story is allowed at first a good many of the bees, espe-
cially if the weather is very warm, will come out and
cluster on or under the hive, and in some cases loaf there
for a week or more. Here, if there are no unfinished sec-
tions to place over the new or made swarm, the conditions
are very seldom such that sections with either starters or
full sheets should be given a new colony until they have
considerable comb built in the brood-chamber ; for at all
times when honey is coming in, excepting some heavy bass-
wood flows, so much pollen is also being gathered that
enough of it would be stored in many of the sections to
spoil their sale.

In this locality, one, if not the most, important matter
in regard to artificial swarming is the disposal and man-
agement of the removed brood. The white honey-flow here
usually commences the forepart of June and lasts until the
latter part of July. This gives a flow of from 40 to 60 days
in length, and a swarm, either natural or forced, that is not
re-inforced by the young bees from hatching brood greatly
decreases in its field-force long before the flow is over.
While, of course, many of these field-bees are old and about
used up at the time the swarm issues, or is made as soon as
there is considerable brood in the new hive, it takes a large
number of bees for hive or house work that would be free
for the field if the new colony is re-inforced by young bees
from the old hive. Southern Minnesota.

Inner Life of the Hive— Spring Feeding.

BV ARTHUR C. MILI,KK.

IF I may judge by Mr. Dadant's article in the "Journal "
for May 28, he took my remarks of April 30 as a personal
attack. I much regret his doing so, for I hold him in
high esteem both for his scholarly attainments and for his
accomplishments in bee-keeping. Also, I have often profited
by his writings.

In his reply to the article cited he has apparently assumed
that my knowledge of the internal life of the hive is but
superficial, and that also my opinions on the value of spring

feeding are based on theory rather than on practice. Be-
fore taking up this latter point I want to discuss some
things concerning the inner life of the bee-colony.

If it is not too egotistical perhaps I may be permitted
to intimate that possibly I am ahead of Mr. Dadant on some
of the habits of the bee as he considers he is ahead of me
in practical bee-keeping. When I asserted that bees never
hold out their tongues and offer food to the queen, I meant
just exactly that. Food is never given on or by the tongue,
all previous assertions to the contrary notwithstanding.
Also, so far as I can as yet tell, nectar-gatherers nevei turn
their loads over to the young bees, but young bees do some-
times supply the field-workers with chyle.

Regarding "deference:" The term " king-bee " and
"queen-bee" were given because where the queen went
there went the bees also, as Mr. Dadant will readily see by
a perusal of ancient works. True "deference "had noth-
ing to do with it except as it existed in the imagination of
the writers.

Bees backing out of a queen's way is more apparent
than real. They will just as readily move aside for any
other bee moving as deliberately forward. Also, there are,
1 believe, physiological grounds for the bees backing or
moving away to avoid the queen.

If Mr. Dadant thinks he has seen food offered on the
tongue and deference shown, etc., I beg him to look again.

I have quite as much respect for the " old masters " as
has Mr. Dadant, but they are as far from being infallible as
we are.

Dr. Gallup told of an " umbilical cord," and Mr. Doo-
little forthwith discovered it " ramifying all through the
royal jelly " of his queen- cells (although Dr. G. said it did
not so ramify). Both posed as leading lights, but both were
wrong. Not very reliable " old masters " to tie to. A little
study of Cowan's "Honey-Bee" would have shown what
the supposed cord really was, i. e., the last cast of the larva
with its silken attachments.

Regarding feeding : I said that I found stimulative
feeding in the spring was always done at a loss, and Mr.
Dadant has quite unwittingly sustained me in it, as I will
presently show.

Mr. Dadant cites a colony which doubled its size in
30 days on account of a " one bee at a time " food-supply. A
little arithmetic should convince him that some more potent
cause must have been behind that increase, for if when the
"feeding" began the colony was of a size represented by
" two " (2), and as it takes a bee 21 days to mature from the
egg, but nine days of that feeding can be counted as having
contributed to the increase of bees visible at the end of the
30 days. This is a problem which will interest Mr. Hasty.

Now I will quote from Mr. Dadant, and let him prove
my case for me :

" The present season is a very good one to show the ad-
vantages of stimulative feeding in the spring, and when I
had read Mr. Miller's letter in the evening, we had just
been feeding some 60 colonies. I say that the present sea-
son is a good one for feeding, because it is a very irregular
one. [I would contend that it was just the one to avoid it.
— A. C. M.] In a season when the winter is long-pro-
tracted, and the bees are confined to the hive until late,
and in which the crop, once begun, it continues uninter-
rupted, feeding will do harm if begun too soon, and will do
no good after the bees have commenced harvesting honey.
But when the colonies have been breeding as they have this
season, a little early, and a change in the weather is caus-
ing them to stop, a little judicious feeding stirs them and
causes them to continue breeding. 1/ 2i'e fed colonies that
were heavy zvith honey, zve would make a mistake. [My
italics. — A. C. M.] If we fed when the days were so un-
pleasant that the bees that went out foraging would die of
cold we would do the bees damage. [In other words, we
must do intermittent feeding, and yet, in the slowly fed
colony above cited, he attributed its gain to the slow, steady
supply of food. — A. C. M.] But the colonies which discon-
tinue their breeding because of a change in the weather
when the weather is so they can still fly, but find nothing,
will be benefited by stimulative feeding." — Page 344, May
28, 1903, American Bee Journal.

As I interpret the foregoing quotation it amounts to
this:

When a change of weather checks brood-rearing we
should feed to start it, but we should not feed when the
weather is against safe flight. Ergo, when the weather is
good, breeding goes on unhindered, and when it is foul we
must not feed lest it induces fatal flight.

To quote again from Mr. Dadant, where he refers to a

July 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

455

group of colonies for some of which much honey was ex-
tracted in the fall, and some others which were left un-
touched :

" The colonies that had crooked combs, were left with
all their stores— 10-frames [Ouitiby frames.— A. C. M. |, be-
cause we could not disturb them Without breaking combs,
and causing leakage and robbing, and it was not the proper
sfeason to transfer them. These colonies did not have to be
Jed the following spring, became very strong, and yielded the
largest crop. [My italics.— A. C. M.] This untried-for re-
sult caused us to make further experiments, which proved
that there is a 'profit in leaving, to strong, colonies, a large
quantity of honey so that they will not limit their spring
^n?(frfj«^. " (Mr. Dadant's italics). Revised Langstroth, page
329.

Compare this paragraph with the other, and see which
system Mr. Dadant found most profitable.

If we conduct any work so that it yields less profit than
if conducted in another way, we are losing. Mr. Dadant
says the fall-supplied colonies were the most profitable. As
it is cheaper in time and labor to fill up the colonies in the
fall than to dabble along food in the spring, and as the fall-
filled colonies pay the most, I am justified in saying that
spring stimulative feeding is conducted at a loss. I did not
say, nor intend to imply, that colonies could not be built up
by such feeding, but that it is not profitable.

Providence Co., R. I.

[ Our Bee-Keepin§ Sisters j

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Feeding- Syrup in the Spring.

The corner allotted to us is very nice. I hope it will
grow and prosper in the future as it has in the past. I
should like to ask through your department if I can feed
bees in the spring with syrup, and how much I am to feed
them at a time when they are short of stores ?

Lake Co., 111., June 8. Nettik A. MuNSON.

Answer. — Yes, you can feed them in the spring with
syrup. The amount depends somewhat upon how short of
stores they are. If they are entirely out, 10 or IS pounds is
none too much.

Managing Colonies that Store Watery Sections.

A few years ago we had a couple of colonies of Funics.
They were hardy bees and good gatherers, but filled the
sections so full of honey that they left no air-space, and
when capped they looked black and greasy. We had con-
cluded that we could not use them for comb honey, when
one day a bright idea occurred to us to let them fill the sec-
tions full of honey ready to seal, then take them away and
give to a colony that did extra-white work in sealing, and
the result was very satisfactory, and we had a lot of beauti-
ful white sections. If you have any trouble in that way,
just try it and see how nicely it works.

Keeping Bees With a Baby.

I do all of my house-work, not including washing, and
have a young baby, and no help but my little Syear-old son.
I am one of the " sisters "" who paddles her own canoe "
with the bees. My husband does not like to " fuss " with
them, but sometimes I am just obliged to have him. For
instance, I had a swarm in the top of a tree, and I told him
if he didn't want to see me up that tree he would better go
after them. Well, he went.

I had a letter partly written to you some time ago. but
have been sick for a month, so it was not finished. Yes,
there are questions I want to ask, and lots of things I want
to discuss with some one who actually knows something. I
am grass-green on bees, and my neighbor bee-keepers are
even greener. I have only 10 colonies (3 new swarms), and
haven't the chance to attend to them as I should. I rush
out to them when the baby takes her long nap, and then

often have to slop in the "thick of the fight" if she
chances to awaken. I love the bees though, and dearly love
to attend to them. Our department is all right. I enjoy it
much, and wish I could say something of value to some one
else.

I have had some success, but it was not due to anything
smart that I did, I don't believe. Failures? O yes, a plenty
— scored another this forenoon, when I undertook to get
ahead of the baby by getting up before day in order to get
breakfast in line, and be ready to take off some honey by
the time it was light enough to see. Not having enough
supers, and not wishing the bees left without anything for
supers, I thought to take out sections and refill at the hive,
but those bees were all at home and made a bold stand for
their ground, regardless of smoke. I was afraid to smoke
them too much for fear they would uncap the honey (as a
colony did last year). Therefore, I retreated in disorder,
and resolved to renew the attack when the bees were busy
in the field. We have kept bees for about five years, but
paid them very little attention until recently I have taken
them for my " hobby."

The American Bee Journal has been of great benefit.
It comes to me on Saturday, and I sit up and read it through
that night. I don't want to be tempted to read it on Sun-
day. I hope to add another "sister" to the subscribers'
list soon. I received a nice queen from Editor York last
year, and reared some queens from her. These bees are
doing the best work this year. By another year I hope to
have all Italians, and all queens clipped— that is, if the
baby consents.

There is so much I want to say, tut this is already so
long ; but I hope you will let me come again.

Mrs. C. D. Mkars.

Princess Anne Co., Va., May 26.

That blessed baby will be helping you with the bees
one of these days.

A Poor Honey-Year.

This is a poor honey-year so far. We had a hail-storm
that ruined the alfalfa bloom, so we get no honey from the
first crop. Bees are working on white sweet clover. We
have three acres in full bloom. We have a few bunches of
the yellow also. It blooms two weeks earlier than the
white sweet clover. I had to feed my bees until June 15
this year. Last summer two of five supers were filled
nicely on June 14. This is the 29th, and the first sections
are about half full. Mrs. Ben. Ferguson.

Ford Co., Kans., June 29.

Six Years],With the Bees.

I started bee-keeping six years ago with one colony of
Italians, and at present I have 10 colonies, all in 8-frame,
single-walled hives. I am running for comb honey, ex-
tracting the unfinished sections, and sometimes sell colo-
nies on the frames. I do not have much time to spend with
my bees, but I do all the work connected with them myself,
unless a swarm clusters too high, when my father takes

care of it. . . ,_ ^,

I have been quite successful in wintering bees on the
summer stands (provided they have plenty of stores in the
fall), by placing an empty super on the hive and filling with
oat-chaff, with, of course, the usual cloth and Hill's device
under. And, by the way, I make my own " device " from
barrel-hoops.

Last season the colonies that did not swarm stored some
honey, and the others sent out their swarms so late that
none gathered more than enough to winter on. I fed two
or three in the fall.

I like to read the articles in the " Sisters " department,
but wish there were more of it.

I aim to keep my bees strong rather than to increase in
number. Emma A. Lyon.

Fairfield Co., Conn., May 28.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this oflice.

456

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

c

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New aod rnreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

PLACING COLONIBS IN THE SPRING.

Uaexpected to me that a majority of the Wisconsins
favor taking^ the care needed to return bees to the same
stand as previous year, when taking them out of the cellar.
Pleasant surprise, however. I think the greatest advan-
tage of this is a personal and scientific one — get acquainted
with the individualities of the individual colonies better if
you always have them in the same place. Page 340.

ODD FIXTURES IN THE APIARY.

A. M. Gill strikes well for uniformity of fixtures when
he says : " O the exasperating bother, if a man wants a
super, and the first four or five he comes to belong in some
certain place ! Still this would apply mainly to keeping
hives that will not agree i}i numbers. Let the boys who
hanker after that sort of experience experiment with odd
ones, one or two of a kind. The odd fixture and no others
might be kept in a corner wholly their own. " Page 342.

HIVING SWARMS FOR THE DEAR WOMEN.

Dire situation to be in — and all mankind except we'uns
are liable to get into it ! Nice lady with a nice daughter,
and they beseech him to get down their swarm of bees from
an ugly place and hive it. Pause here, flippant bee-man,
and consider once such a fellow mortal's feelings. He would
rather participate in a battle ; but there stand the ladies.
Sweetly they stand in the unreason of womanhood. He
knows they are thinking, "Men hive bees and consider it a
mere trifle ;" and what man has done surely such a nice gen-
tleman ought to be able to "can do." He is afraid, to the
heart-sinking point; honestly has a right to be afraid, con-
sidering his ignorance, yet without any fault of his own he
must be cat's-paw to get the chestnuts out of the fire — or
say, get the little fiery, flying chestnuts down from the tree.
Page 345.

THE FLOUR-MILL A CURSE TO BEES.

And SO the Mill-Flower which flours night and day,
winters and all, is largely a curse when it flours neighbor
to an apiary. Must be allied to the Venus' Fly-Trap botau-
ically, seeing bees go into its flours and don't come out
again. Page 350.

THOSE NON-SWARMING, FOUL-BROOD-PROOF BEES.

Sad that Dr. Miller should have to lose his new strain
of non-swarming, foul-brood-proof bees I When florists
have a nice, new thing that will not produce seed they
propagate it from slips. Tell Dr. Miller to take those scis-
sors (well accustomed to such work) and snip ofi' one of the
queen's legs. Plant the leg in a tiny pot of royal jelly, and
try hard if influences can not be found stimulating enough
to make it grow. Faith says that when one mode of
propagation is denied another is supplied. Page 355.

BEE-EXCRETIONS ON THE HIVE-VV.ALLS.

I don't believe that poisonous excretions from bees ac-
cumulate from year to year in the wall of a hive. No
more in a board that has been a hive side for ten years than
in one only in use two years — my doctrine. However, the
idea may not be, so utterly absurd as at first it seems.
Seems at first like the alarm of anon-practical, professional
bogy-hunter, desperately hard up for a live bogy. Page

THE VARIOUS STAGES IN BEE KEEPING.

Yes, Mr. Morley Pettit, it's an era in the bee-boy's life
when he can first get stung without crying. Who knows
but we have seven eras, a la Shakspeare ? First, the fool
baby, escaped, and scooping bunches of bees into its mouth.
Second, the fool boy, on warpath, throwing clubs, or hero-
ically making a dash at the entrance with a shovel filled
with dirt. Third, the wise boy — reclaimed savage — anxious
to help, puffing at the smoker, and taking stings with
philosophy. Fourth, the youth, full of exploits, chasing
runaway swarms, and bringing difficult ones down. Fifth,
the fool man, inventing hives, and turning the bee-world
upside down. Sixth, the enlightened man, planting out-

apiaries, and shipping his car-load of honey. Seventh —
same as all the other " lean and slippered pantaloon "
sevenths, except that in his whining he whines that the
younger generation are using all his wise ways and inven-
tions, and giving the credit all to somebody else. Page
356.

\ ALUE OF REPORTING CONVENTIONS.

The habit of attending conventions and reporting the
main points of value for some paper which may wish a re-
port, is praiseworthy. Especially wise is the reason — get a
clearer idea one's self what the really valuable things were
— and remember them far better. Page 355.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Brood Capplnss Gnawed Off.

In looking into a colony of bees to-day, I found a good
many cells of sealed brood with caps gnawed off. Some of
the brood was nearly ready to hatch, but a good deal of it
was white. Fully half of the brood was thus gnawed. What
was the cause ? Can anything be done to stop it ?

Minnesota.

Answer. — Hard to tell without seeing it. Possibly it
is the work of the wax-worm. If so, the easiest way to pre-
vent it is to have strong colonies of Italian bees, for they
will keep the wax-worms out.

Moving Bees 250 Miles on a Wagon.

Desiring to move about SO colonies of bees some 250
miles by wagon, I would like to have you tell me whether,
in your opinion, they would go through all right if moved
in the month of October, when the weather is beginning to
get cooler, and when they are properly prepared with wire-
cloth over the entrances. At that time of the year the
brood would be nearly all gone in this locality.

Colorado.

Answer. — Yes, they ought to go all right. If just as
convenient, the spring-time would be better, because the
combs are lighter at that time, and spring is naturally a
better time to recover from the journey. But if the combs
are wired, or if they are old and tough, there ought to be no
trouble about their breaking out when heavy with honey in
October. Even in the cool weather of October, the shaking-
up of so long a journey may make it advisable to sprinkle a
little water on them once or twice during the journey.

Queenless Bees— Queen in Supers.

1. I have a colony that sent out a very small swarm
May 17. A few days ago I noticed the parent colony did
not seem very strong. I looked into the hive and found a
small amount of bees, and I think nearly half were drones
with no sealed brood or eggs. Do you think they are
queenless ? If so, what shall I do ?

2. I have a colony that is strong and is working in the
supers. It sent out a swarm June 22, and after the swarm
went out I looked into the hive and found about one-half of
the sections filled with honey and the rest with brood. Now,
what was the cause of the queen going into the super ? and
what shall I do to prevent further trouble in that way ?
What can I do with the sections that have the brood ?

Maine.

Answers.— 1. They have been pretty certainly queen-
less five weeks or more, and having only a few workers, the
best thing you can do is to break up the colony, giving the
combs and bees to other colonies.

2. The queen may have been crowded for room to lay
in the brood-chamber, or she may have gone into the super
to lay in drone-cells, if drone-comb was scarce in the brood-
chamber. A queen-excluder would prevent the queen from
going up into the super, but that is hardly necessary. If

July 61, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

457

the sections are entirely filled with worker foundation it
will make a great difference, for then there will be no
drone-comb in the sections, and no temptation for the queen
to go up into the sections to find such comb. I use no ex-
cluder, but the sections are filled with worker foundation,
and not one section in a thousand has brood in. Perhaps
the best thing you can do with the sections containing
brood is to leave them on the hive till the brood hatches out
and the bees fill them up with honey. They will not be of
first quality, but will make good eating, and you will thus
save the brood.

Drone-Brood In Extractlng-Supers.

How do small patches of drone-brood get above the ex-
cluder in extracting supers over strong colonies, which
seem to have a good queen ? Pennsylvania.

Answer. — I don't know. If your excluders are not all
right, it is possible the queen gets up.

Bees Carrying Queens Out.

One year ago I commenced with 4 colonies and increased
to IS by natural swarming and dividing, then requeened 10.
They went into winter quarters with plenty of stores until
the first of March, when set out, and they had a nice
flight for two days, and brought in some pollen. At that
time one colony had died from lack of stores. They were
then put back into the cellar and remained until the first
week in April when they were removed to their summer
stands. Then they began to dwindle and soon after five of
them carried out their dead queens. They still persisted in
carrying out their queens until I have but one left. In this
locality some have lost SO percent, and some 100 percent.

1. What caused the bees to lug their queen out ?

2. After queens are successfully introduced that come
from different localities, are the bees more liable to destroy
them than those reared in the same apiary ?

3. I bought 11 queens from different queen-breeders, and
lost them all but one through the spring, that being one I
introduced for a friend. What was the cause ?

Maine.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. Of course I know they
lugged them out because they were dead, but I don't know
the cause of their death. I have had some losses of queens
in that way, but never in such a wholesale manner.

2. I think not. You seem to think that the bees killed
the queens. I think hardly.

3. That comes under the same head as the first question,
and of course I don't know. If any of the fraternity can
throw any light on the matter it will be thankfully received.

Returning After-Swarms.

Can an after-swarm be returned to the parent hive ? If
so, how shall I proceed ? Maine.

Answer. — The easiest thing in the world. Just dump
the swarm down in front of the hive and let them run in. It
was the old-fashioned way of treating after-swarms, and
there's no better way, if you don't mind the trouble. Just
return the bees every time they swarm out, and when all
the queens have emerged there will only be one left, and
there will be no more swarming. Indeed, you may carry
the plan still farther, returning the prime swarm and all
after-swarms. That will give you no increase, but the
largest yield of honey, especially if your harvest is early.

A 5TANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FREE

To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen -breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear— well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your owb subscription must

be paid in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so when you order one
of these fine Queens.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

Send us SI. 00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us SI. 50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We expect to fill the orders almost by return mail.
Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you '. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writins: Advertisers.

458

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^

OF THE

UNITED STATES AND WORLD

WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF

Glilna, GuDa, fono Rico, TDe miilDDines, Hawaii, and Alaska,

Especially prepared to meet the demand for a tirst-class map that will give a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions. Very useful in every Home and OOice.
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Photograph of the World

One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
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graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

lOOl EDIXION. — Every reader sliould c-»^sult it every <lay. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
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On llie reverse side is the Library Map of tlie World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
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forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at SI. 00 each ; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

July 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

459

TDousands ot Hives - Miliioos o! Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Natick House, '"""los'angeles.

HART BROS.. Proprietors.

*'The Popular Hotel,*' remodtled; 75 additional rooms, all
strictly first-class. Elevator. American plao, $1.25 to $3 00; latt
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

. HEADQUARTERS of the National Bee-Keepers' Association du
Augr. 1?<, I'J and 20.

Please mention Bee Journal "wh^n ■writina-

wly furnished. Everything'
ncludes suites with private

ag the Coaveation,

Bee=Supplies

Indiana. Send list of goods
and get our

Very best ot
goods, lar-
gest stock in
ted AT ONCE

Special Prices.

C, M. SCOTT & CO.,

10O4 E. Washington Street,
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

r'alifnrnla t If 7on care to know of Iti
Wailiurilia l Fmlts, Flowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample cop7 of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltnral and Agrlcnltaral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - S&N Francisco, Cal.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

CLEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesdau, fluQ. I2lti, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.

(5pend^5unday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car ....

Friday,

August 14lti,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,

Round Trip— Los Angeles, g„"„«a"'uU?.*o*?.iC'.sth,
San Francisco, te"r°;?n%°.'..''°""=' $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, $2.00.

J. M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE •°Zi.iiTo^'-

Narshfleld Mannfactnring CompaDy.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A261 Ple.-ise meution Bee Journal wtieu \PTiTma.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Beeg-

paid for Beeswax. T ^^.n^ a^^o^unTi

r *w* m.^'90"90'»^ TT ^^.rm.* CASH— for best yel-

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

OEOROB W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

]

Honey Crop All Riprht.

Tile lioney crop in southern Wisconsin is
immense — while and sweet clover and bass-
wood now all yielding. H. Lathrop.

Green Co., Wis., July C.

Less than an Average Season.

The tiees seemingly are gathering honey
from white and red clover, and have 48 to 72
one-pound sections on each hive, and if the
weather holds favorable they will, no doubt,
flli 75 percent. The season will be less than
the average, I think. Not much swarming so
far this summer. But I am holding in check
the swarming impulse; letting only my high-
grade superior queens make Increase. Some
of the best are not swarming; so I shall
"swarm" them by moving the queen and
nearly all the bees from their old combs to a
hive with empty combs on the old stand,
placing aii supers on the hive on the old
stand.

My bees wintered without loss, but April
was very cold. I lost a few by starvation be-
fore 1 discovered their condition.

I never saw red clover so profuse as this
year ; such large, generous heads, while the
white is no more abundant than ordinary
years. Carson Van Blaricum.

Calhoun Co., Mich., June 24.

Variable Time for tlie Bee-Man.

The bee-man has had a variable time here
this season. Right in fruit-bloom, when the
bees were just getting to the front in big
shape, we liad a lot of snow and freezing
weather. Then the last week in May the
white clover began to bloom, and we had
three weeks of rain and cold weather, so the
bees could not fly. Now the weather is favor-
able and they are doing well, but we are
wondering what will happen next.

J. M. LiNSCOTT.

Gage Co., Nebr.. July 4.

Getting Honey !

I've good news to tell you. We've been
getting honey. Such nice honey, light-col-
ored, and so very thick. White clover has
been so rare of late years, but this year I
never saw such a bloom of it. The great,
large heads touch each other, and what de-
lights us so much is that they secrete nectar.
Aren't you gladi

The basswood is in full bloom to-day, but
I do not believe the bees are profiting by it,
for they are very cress and robbing hives con-
taining comb. This bloom comes out all at
once, and occasionally there is one great
honey-day from this source. There is much
sweet clover blooming, but the city fathers
have ordered all weeds cut on vacant lots and
elsewhere, as a health measure. What harm
can there lie in fragrant sweet clover' Cut it
down and let it rot in piles, there may be.

It is hot and dry, and blue-grass is turning
brown. We are wishing for rain.

Mrs. L. Harrison.

Peoria Co., 111., July 1.

A Biaclismith Bee Keeper.

I have seen nothing in the '" Old Reliable "
from this locality, so I will try to encourage
my brother Ijee-keepers never to take fail for
an answer. Bees are doing well. White clover
is plentiful with an abundance of wild bloom.
I have imreased from 6 colonies to 16 this
season. There was a swarm of bees came
over on 8i'pt. 20, 1903, and went into my
neighljor's chimney, and I transferred them-
the same day to an S-trame Langstroth hive,
and they wintered on the summer stand and
came through in good shape; sent out a
swarm June 1, 1903, and I hived them; but
there is the rub. I just got them in nicely.

460

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

and out came another from a box-hive. I
covered hive, bees and all with bee-canvas,
but of no avail. They covered the ground for
20 feet square on the g:rass, weeds and bushes,
and they know how they united, 1 don't, for
the canvas was held down tight by boards.
Now, June 29, they have TO pounds of comb
honey by actual weight. I don't know
whether that is the best or not, but it is good
enough for me.

I would just as soon have a box-hive in
June as a good swarm on a tree, only for ex-
tra labor. I smoke them at the entrance, then
turn the hive upside down, place a box over
them, put the new hive on canvas, and drum
and smoke till the <iueen and majority of bees
go up. Then empty them in front of the
hive. Then 1 use an ax, take out the honey,
and let the old brood and crooked combs go
to the comb-box. I have transferred five with
greatest success, queen always going up, and
they go right to work. I used only starters
one-half inch wide, but full foundation is
better.

I am a blacksmith, and I go about my t>ees
with sleeves rolled up, wide open collar, and
no veil. I believe bees know a coward.

A. M. HoovEH.

Vermilion Co., 111., June 20.

Poor Season for Bees.

I don't know whether I will get honey
enough to pay my subscription to the different
bee-papers or not. Last year was a failure on
account of wet, cold weather, and this is no
better so far. I had two colonies to starve
about two weeks ago. I did more feeding
last fall and this spring than I have altogether
for ten years. Two years ago I introduced 16
new queens. Some of them died the first
winter, and last winter they all died but five,
and only two of them are doing any good. I
have bought a good many queens in my time,
and I remember only two that lived over two
summers.

If the weather continues cold and wet the
balance of this season I will be looking up
another climate, perhaps Delaware.

Clearfield Co., Pa., June 29. G. W. Bell.

Stanley Queen Incubator

Au Arrangement that Allows the Bees Access to the
Cells and Queens at all Times.

(Patent Applied for.)

Best Season in 15 Years.

We are having the best honey season here
that I remember for 15 years. Last year's
all season's rain started the white clover, and
the past spring rains have kept it gowing so
that our pastures, and even old meadows, are
nearly knee-deep with it. It's a beautiful
sight to us bee-keepers.

I have 15 acres of alsike clover which the
bees seem to prefer to the white. The linden,
or basswood, bloom is poor this year, but we
do not need it.

My bees are doing quite well. I have mostly
blacks. I find them best for comb honey.
One of my black colonies had gathered over
100 pounds of fine comb honey about the mid-
dle of June, when they cast their first swarm.

I have been fairly successful in preventmg
swarming. I increased from 20 colonies to
30. Most of them are working in two supers,
a number in four and five supers. They will
average 100 pounds, spring count.

Linn Co., Iowa, July 4. Jas. R. Smith.

One of the greatest objections urged against
a lamp-nursery, or any kind of a nursery
where queens are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are robbed
of the actual care of the bees. When the
bees have access to a cell, and the time ap-
proaches for the queen to emerge, the wax
over the point is pared, and, as the (|ueeu
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts to leave the cell. A queen hatched
away from the bees loses all of this' food,
cheer, and comradeship; and, until intro-
duced to a necleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would secure were she
among the bees.

All of these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
111. Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
"Scientific Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell to a No. 13 gun-wad. By the use
of melted wax these wads, with the cell at-
tached, are stuck, at proper intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width of a Langstroth brood-frame. Two
wire staples driven into the inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.

The process of transferring larvie to the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be repeated here. When the cells are
sealed they may be picked off the bar (still
attached to the gun-wads) ; and right here is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in. Each cell, as it is removed, is
slipped into a little cylindrical cage, made of

Alfalfa in Midiigan.

I am a new reader of the Bee Journal, and
have become quite interested in some of the
articles, especially the talk on alfalfa at the
Chicago-Northwestern convention, as reported
in the issue of June 25. I live in southeastern
Michigan, about 40 miles north and west of
Detroit. I have just'started in with bees this
spring, and hived my first swarm June IS. It
was a pleasure to watch them adjust them-
selves so quickly to their new home and go
to work. It was pretty cool and wet this
spring up to about the middle of June, when
it warmed up some, and now it is fine sum-
mer weather, and the busy little bee is now
making up for lost time.

White clover and alsike are the present
honey crop. There is a field of alfalfa a few
rods west from me, but I can not discover
any bees at work on it. 1 am sure it is not
because there is no honey in it, for the nectar

queen-excluding zinc, the cage being about
two inches long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad fits snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of the cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad. Long rows of these cages, filled
with sealed cells, are placed between two
wooden strips that fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire staples that fit into slots cut in the ends
of the strips. To hold the cages in their
places, holes, a trifle larger than the diameter
of the cage, are bored, at proper intervals,
through the upper strip, thus allowing the
cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way through the lower
bar.

A frame full of these cages, stocked with
cells, may be hung in a queenless colony, and
will require no attention whatever except to
remove the queens as they are needed. The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the cells, care for them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.

These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a cage to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her. They can be-
come acquainted with her, and give her the
same scent as themselves. When desirable to
release her, one end of the cage can be
stopped with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.

By putting food in one end of the cage a
queen may be kept caged, away from the
bees, the same as any other cage.

Price, $5.00 by Express,

Or with the American Bee Journal one year — both for .*5.50.

Send all orders to

QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

SSSQSSQQStiQSSSQS

^?9t^^*«p-

'^■~"«i«<fca

',,'W

g KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

LRed Oak, Iowa.
13D13t

Everything

FOR BEES...

Catalog with hundreds of
NEW illustrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

AQBNCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugait & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

Knoxville, Iowa.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If 70n are interested In Sheep In any WAJ
jou cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are yon Interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. GHIGAIO ILL.

)UY POULTRY SUPPLIES

§ „Mlj the hf.T. Kv,., ,II.,„K ll„. ,„,ullr> .„,•„, u^es,
as Im-ubntors. Kood.^i, li, ml-cIks, Api.liiin.-e.s. etc.
Also Hik'li Stiuin l'oiilti\ nnil Ilateblntr Kggs.

Our Poultry Specialists

winan.werallinquirie;. Ine of eharije. Write us
freely and ask tor fiee calaloj; B.

W. J. CIBSON & CO., (Inc ) Union Slocit Yarils, CHICAGO.

Deju. MgT., H. M. Hortori. Inr, -t. r S.fl Fuciprs'.ABeoci.IldD.

July 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

461

is verj' much iu evidence when you piuclt the
little blossom from the stem and draw it
through your teeth, just as we used to do
with the June clover to extract the sweet
from that. My theory is, that the alsike and
white clover, which blossom here the same
time that the .ilfalfa does, being a regular and
familiar plant, draws the entire attention and
energy of the bees to them. These two plants
■j'ield more honey, too. I think, than the alfalfa
contains. The piece of alfalfa I referred to
substantiates the statement made by "A
Member ''in the convention discussion; for
most of this Held is made up of hill, side-hill,
gully, and low spots. The heaviest plant
yield is on the slopes in the lightest soil,
mostly gravel. The heaviest soil (clay) and
the low spots have very little of the plant-
growth. J. H. Davis.
Livingston Co., Mich., June 30.

Honey Crop a Total Failure.

The honey crop is a total failure to date. It
rains all the time, and bees can not get any
honey, and the clover and raspberry bloom
are nearly gone. A. W. Smith.

Sullivan Co.. N. Y., June i'.i.

A Deaf Lad and the Bees.

Some days ago a deaf friend of mine and
his wife came to my house for dinner, as did
several other deaf people. The friend told a
story on himself, which is too good not to
pass on.

When he was a lad of 12, up in Michigan, he
saw a man selling bees by the pound, and
having a crowd around him. The man, after
'•working his jaw " presumably on the in-

The thresherman has many
here. Summedup.it means
thebest money can buy. Vou
un Rumely's Rear Geared
New Rumely Separators
argument that convinces. W

IJfl !■ 1.

he mode] thresh!
win find theUte
Traction Engl

ull of thresherme
rite us for it. Ma

1 ■

f to give
ag outfit,
t catalog
nss and

led ffee'.

M.

RUMELY

CO.,

LA

PORTE

IND.

jLiou tiee .Journal

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order;

109! 25ft soft

$1.40 J3.2S t6.00

1.70 4.00 7.£0

1.80 4.2S 8.00

2.80 6.S0 12.50

1.80 4.25 8,00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound S cents more than the 5-pound

rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK « CO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Sweet Clover (white) $ .7

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90

AlslkeClover 1.00

WhiteClover 1.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you monev. Sead list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOr'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are Ijoth interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6^ inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only lu
cents (stamps or silver, i Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS d" g'v«"

Steklini., (.a., June 2'), 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out -work-
ing everythiuj; io my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order m..ie after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Uolden Italians— None Superior. .-. CarnloJans— None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: 0 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for 5.0ii I Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co,,

Front and Walnut,

CIMCINMATI, OHIO.

nease mention Bee Journal ^rnen wntuio

FURNACE
HEAT

Is the most economical and satisfactory

for warming all the rooms in a house.

We sell the

Leader Steel Furnace

and full equipment direct to users, thus mak-
ing a distinct saving in the cost. All parts
are made to fit perfectly and by the aid of our
full instructions any handy man can set it up
.e. Hums any kind of fuel and will keep 8 rooms at seventy de^'rees tempera-
weather with no more fuel than would be required by two stoves. Rev. C. C
Adams of OoUvein, la., writes: "It has heated my house of 11 rooms perfectly in every por-
tion on tlie coldest days. At 11 dergrees below zero the entire house was kept at summer
heat with the furnace'at half blast. Kefore another winter I shall want two more for
churches." Send for our free booklet and testimonials, and you will learn how easy it is to
install and what its advantages are. not to mention cleanliness and the saving of labor.

Write for nur Catalogue No. 17,

HESS WARMING AND VENTILATING COMPANY, CHICAGO

ready for

-"ea«'

nonrioa Hos joamai wnec -wrrltl!!*

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process tliat pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleaneEt and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as cry stal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

tVorkinj;? >»'ax iDto Foundation tor Cash a Specialty. Bees-^rax
alwayjii ^ranted at higliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

E. GH..mcBR & co.,^To™^n^to. ont. ^^^^^^ q^^ DnTMER. Augusta, Wis,

^-■si?. mention Bee Joumai wnen ^srntujii

^■w T J m Your address on a postal

VVaflTPfl for a little book on

'»**""*-^*' Queen-Rearing- SENT
FREE. ADEL QUEEtJS A SPECIALTY.
Address, HENRY ALLEY.

28Atf WENHAM, MASS.

.t^ease mention Bee Joumai "when ■wntlne.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to nieetthoaewno work for ua. Cow keeii^^reaUava

DKAPER PUBLISBINO CO., Chicago. Ills.

Please mention Bee journal ■when writine.

To Chautauqua Lake and Return

at one fare for the round-trip, via
Nickel Plate Road, on July 24th, from
Chicag^o and interinediate points, with
return limit of Aug-. 24th, account of
Conference of Association of General
Secretaries of Young- Men's Christian
Association of North America, at
Chautauqua Lake. Full particulars at
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 19— 28A3t

Qneens §ow Ready to Supply bu Return Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

d^^tA^*^ l4-ntin*^c Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
vJOIUcn IlcillcinS 75 cents ; 6 for S4.00.

r^t^A Clr^-Kre^f Citlf^f^nc '^'^''^'' '"^^ all records behind in honey-
IVC^Cl wlUVCr V^UCCllS) gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
r* n x*^ az-vl n*^cy —They are so hig-hly recommended, being more gentle
WcirniUlclIlS than all others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER,

rtease mention Bee Joiimal -when -writrna

2146-2148 Central Avenue,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

- to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)

Please Mention the Bee Joarnal I^I?rSr?^f.

462

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

Prize =winnlnfl

■Daughters of Moore's famous long-tong-ued
red clover Italian Queen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tougued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
bees "just roll in the honey," as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, 14.00; dozen, $7.50. Selected Untested, $1.00
each; si.x, $5.00; dozen, $9.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Circular free, i

C — 3 J. p. MOORE, CZZI]

25Atf Lock Box I. MORGAN, KV.I

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTi: Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it tor
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
[ Ne^v subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

$

3

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the flrst f) you
take in to start you in a pood paying Imsi-
ness. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to bepln.

DRAPER rUBLISHlNQ CO., Chicago, Ilia.

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ICAN Bee JooRNAi> who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-

Mount>UnionGoil6Q6

Our motto in all departments is *'Max-
imum efficiency at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.

Send for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COIjL*EGE,

Alliance, Ohio.

Tennessee ftueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

If you nant the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DUcounts to the Trade.

Please menuon .Bee journal wnen wrltlne

dustry and gentleness of the bees, would
slowly dig his hand into the bees and scoop
up a handtul and put them in his hat on his
head, and then " work his jaw " some more,
presumably, etc. After he paused the little
deaf lad went up to him, and in the sign
language, asked tlie seller to be allowed to try
the trick himself. On the consent of the
man the crowd widened out to a safe distance,
laughing and winking. Up marches the lit-
tle boy to the box, goes the seller one better
by dipping his hand in twice, not reckoning
on the low crown of his hat. He put it on
slowly, but pinched one bee, and she gave it
to him on the very top of his head. With all
the crowd before him he controlled his nerve,
made obeisance to the crowd, took his hat olf
and shook the bees out; then, as soon as he
could, without attracting attention, he slunk
off and put a cake of mud over the sting.

The story, to be appreciated, should Ije
acted out in the graphic sign-language. The
way he grimaced the moment of the sting
brought convulsive laughter and tears.

Chas. R. Neillie.

Cuyahoga Co., Ohio.

Honey from the Maples.

We are having very much rain and damp-
ness. Basswood is yielding some honey. I
took off of two hives about 65 pounds of maple
honey. It looks amber, just like maple
syrup, and also has a decided maple taste. It
is extremely mild. This was taken off on
June 13. The supers are full again. After I
take them off I will let you know the results.
Charles E. Kemp.

Baltimore Co., Md., June 26.

Bees Did Well— Arizona.

Bees in this locality have been doing well
this spring. One of my colonies stored over
100 pounds of extracted honey from raspberry
and white clover during June.

Swarming, so far, has not been very exten-
sive, but for swarms I am not so particular.

Basswood buds are nearly ready to burst.
Then the bees will have a big time. Why is
it that we do not hear from some of the fra-
ternity in that " Land of Sunshine," the Salt
River Valley, Ariz.? Possibly it is because
they are too busy ; if such is the case we can
excuse them, but 1 believe if they tried they
could spare a few minutes to let their friends
know if they are still in the bee-business.

As far as I can see the only report for Salt
River Valley during the past four or Ave years
must be credited to A. J. Bridenstine.

Now, bee-keeping friends, I used to live in
Arizona and keep bees. I am acquainted
with a good many bee-keepers there who
could give glowing reports of honey crops.
Now, let us hear from you. I am still inter-
ested in my old home, and all the bee-keepers
there. L _ '' r-_^J C

If the ''Old Reliable " is a visitor at your
place I am sure the editor will grant you a
small portion of space for a report on bees
once in a while, or oftener.

Enclosed please find a specimen of plant
the name of yvhich I would like to know. I
do not know if it is of much consequence as
a honey-plant, but the bees seem to be busy
on it at times, but whether they gather honey
or pollen I have not been able to ascertain.

Benzie Co., Mich., July 2. B. L. Bter.

[Our botanist is on a vacation in Pennsyl-
vania for two months. Doubtless Prof. A. J.
Cook, of Claremont, Los Angeles Co., Calif.,
will name plants on receipt of specimens with
postage stamps. — Editor.]

An All-Around Bee-Keeper.

In our locality white clover was never liner
and it is 1" years this summer since we have
had near its equal. I am the bee-doctor of
the neighborhood. This p.m., from 2 to 5
o'clock, I rode 10 miles on my wheel, changed
a swarm from an old box to a frame hive, re-
moved 50 pounds of honey, and examined 13
other colonies to see- to their needs, visiting
two separate yards for the work.

June 30, I went to the ridge of a two-story

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action pf any
kind of Ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni«
form width at all times
they are unequaled lor
ruling: purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a " Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

'"t^ife^Penj"' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Italian Queens, by Mail,
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1 6 12

Honey Queens (Untested) ,.$ .75 $4.00 $7.00
" " (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13.00

Golden *' (Untested) .. .75 4.00 7.00

" (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after June 1.

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in lipht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival g-uaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.

Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in lO-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and bad to ^'ive b of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.

Yonr queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Monev Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

17Atf Pi:.\RL CITY. ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal 'wti'Mi 'WTitlil&

$300,000,000.00 A ichu

and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's [Kiultry product pays
that sum. Send l(k- for samples and partic-
nlars. We furnish capita) to start you in

boMneBB. Draper PablUhiatC«.,Chkigo,IU.

July 16, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

463

house and the top of the chimney and re-
moved S to 10 pounds of new comb honey and
sent the bees out. A board over the chimney-
top and holes between the brick lower down
made an attractive place. Who has gone
higher i

I am carinj^ for 21 colonies, and among
them are two that are now ready for their
fourth supers, each containing forty ',-inch
sections, all from white clover. Neither have
swarmed this year. Who can beat that rec-
ord! Others run from 50 to SO pounds each,
according to strength and swarming fever.
Swarms are generally numerous. While I
work the bees I have a deputy working the
office. M. L. Brewer.

Champaign Co., 111., July 4.

Good Prospects for a Crop.

The prospects for a honey crop are good,
with an abundance of white sweet clover and
basswood all now in bloom.

D. L. Durham.

Kankakee Co., III., July 3.

BEE=B00K5

HENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Best Season for White Clover.

This has been the best season so far for
white clover I ever saw. The bees have about
trebled themselves. I cannot make hives fast
enough to supply the demand. I use 10-
frame hives. I have some colonies that have
filled two supers, and have two more nearly
filled. I began with 13 colonies in the spring;
6 of them were in boxes and old American
hives. Some of my first swarms have filled
one super. 1 had a large swarm to-day from
one of my first swarms one month old. I
have tried to keep back swarming as much as j
I could. Anderson York.

Davis Co., Iowa, July 4.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closirig with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

PAGE i2-BAR, 58-INCH FENCE

comes prettr near lieiDtr the perfect farm fence.
PA(iK WOVKN UIKK FI \CE CO., Adrian, Jlifh.
Plep^e menLion Bee journal wtien vmting.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year — both for only $1.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-

*"'■ QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

t:;ci^i,aa;;i',i,i^

Forty Vears Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is uniciue in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads lilie
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, .^l.OO.

Bee-Keeper'.'^ Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 29.5 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, SI. 20.

Jjangstroth ontheHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, .?1.20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, ?1.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by ti. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas ti.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, fur 50 colonies, -*1.00.

Dr. Howard'.s Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

■Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Kesult of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brootl Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development ami Cure. Price, 10 cents.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.\KKET QroTATIMNS

CHica<,o, July ".—At present there is little
call tor comb honey, some new is offered, and
for fancy HfffllSc per pound is asked. Extracted
sells at h(m,^c for best white; amber grades,
5@6c, depending- upon flavor, body and pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c. R. A. Btrnett &l Co.

Kansas City, June 30— No comb honey in this
market. New white comb would sell for $3.50
to $3 75 for 24.section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There is considerable extracted honey on the
market with scarcely any demand. Price nom-
inal at S%(qb%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25®30c. C. C, Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., July 6.— Honey very quiet,
but some call for new comb, which would sell
for 15@16c for light, now. Extracted dull at
5M@('Mc. Beeswax, 30(Sl32c.

H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5H@6Jic in barrels; white
clover, S@Oc; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, 15@16c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, July S.— Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12(«iX3c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
S@S^c for light amber, 5H@t.4c for white, and
the common Southern at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. July 7.— We have reached the
time when there are no settled prices in the
honey market. Everybody is waiting to learn
how the new crop will turn out, therefore we
will sell or ask the old price. Fancy water-
white brings 15@16c. Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, S)ii@S%c\ in cans, t@<3%c\ white clover,
8@8}4c. Beeswax, 30c. C. H. W. Weber.

WANTED' ^^^^^^^'^ Honey,

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED !

California Comb Honey in car-iots. it

will pay you to correspond with ns.

THOS. C, STANLEY & SON,

24Atf Manzanola, Colo-, or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146^*8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Qneen 80

OneSelect Tested Qneen. 1.00-

Ode Breeder Qneen 1.50

Oise - Comb Nncleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeno sent by return mail.
Safe arrival ^ruaranteed. For price on Poz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16At£ 204 v.. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA,
if^ease mention Bee Jovimat -when irritiiig.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; advertisers.

464

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 16, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so gooi?. If you buy of us yoi«
\«'ijl iMot be dii^appoiDted.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for betrinners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

i?»oa?e w.enrioL Bee Journal -wKen writma

Business Queens,

Bred from best Italian honey-gathering stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be sood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 7Sc each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAtf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. V.
Please mention Bee journal ■when writing,

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lauds
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Chicago.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

25Atf T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell, Mich

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writinp

I AEISE

To say to the reaaers of
the Bee Journal that

DOOWTTLE...

is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from his choice honey-
fjathering stock, by re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices :

1 Untested Queen . $1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.2S
1 Tested Queen .... 1.25
3 Tested Queens.... 3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3 " " Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00

Circular free, giving particulars regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc. Address,

Q. M. DOOLITTLB,

29Dlf BorodlDo. OoondaM Co., N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal -wnen writing

%ifi,ja^ifi,je,je,ja,ja,jfi,.ie,je,yi,ja,j^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation ?ti?

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^y,TI'^^^?^ii%^°iKll^^^:''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

^Vhv Hrtf>ft if ««»ll «ft Vl/Pll ? Because it has always given better satls-
W ny UUO IL sen »U WCll r faction than any other. Because In as years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SuDPlies

OF ALL
KINDS**

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Revfised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

t-»e.^,. H oiention Bee Joumaj "wben ■writiniP

Gleanings in Bee-Culture

JULY IStli ISSUE CONTAINS

A

A

A TELEGRAPHIC
\ -^REPORTS...

A
A
A

A

v-i 1^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ' cHicAGo,M,Lr'

'^n are headquarters for ROOT'S BE&KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.

y
y
y
y

Of the Honey Crop and Honey Markets all
over the country.

Sav^e dollars by getting a copy. 10 cents
is the price. Number limited.

The A. I. Root Companyp

MEDINA, OHIO.

NatM Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 23, 1903.

No. 30.

^(i.i).4-#i)-A-i)<&-i)4)-(i-#i)-#4)-#(i)''(i-(i)'<i-i)-6-A-&-i)^

Courtesy Bee-Keepers^ Jieview.

#*

Blanchard's Music Hall, Los Angeles, Calif.,

Where the National Bee-Keepers' Convention will be held, on Aug. 18-20.

5'f)'<f«(|)"f)''(f''(f-(f«^«(f-(f»f)"f>(f-f^^^

466

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY EV

Gf ORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

oe30r,oe: -w. •yoR.ic.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do riot send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership. SI.OO.

Send dues to Tr

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W, York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lovelaad, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

ltW° It more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
oreity thing for a beekeeper or honey-seller to
^ ' " wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to beekeepers. It has
a pin on the underside to
fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the ofiBce
of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

t

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is SI.OO, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal Idlgrtia^f....
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side— Tbree Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the ifCLi. Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife. — When oiderlug-, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty ties in the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side piciures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng^lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass:
the back spring-s of Sheffield spring--steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a g-ood knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the '* Novelty " is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling', and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi
tunate as to have one of the '* Novelties,'" j-our Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and lb
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! "What more lasting memento could a motheiT
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a g^entleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying- cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation cf
this'beautiful kuife/as tly ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us ihree new suBscKinERS to the Bee Journal (with $3, 'JO.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,

-^"Please allor" ''bout two weeks for your knife order to t>e tilled.

Chicago, 111

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 23, 1903.

No. 30,

Editorial Comments

Do Things on Time. — Promptness in doing everything at the
right time is important in any calling; perhaps in none more so than
in bee-keeping. The delay ol a day in giving a super to a crowded
colony may be the straw that decides the colony to swarm, materially
interfering with the harvest.

A nucleus has its hive partly tilled with frames. You fail to note
its increasing strength till one day upon opening it you find a lot of
crooked work. Comb has been built to the side of the frame and on
the cover, and it takes you ten times as long to straighten it up as it
would in the first place to have filled the hive with frames, to say
nothing of the loss.

Tou are running short of sections in the harvest time. You
thought you possibly had enough, and so kept postponing the matter
of ordering till the last section was on the hive. Others have been
like you, there has been a rush on the factory, so that it is behind
orders, and the dealer can not possibl}- send you the sections without
delay, and as a result you lose a part of your crop. The loss and the
vexation might just as well have been avoided if you had sent your
order early.

It is not necessary to cite further instances. Be on time, or ahead
of time, and you will make more money, live longer, and be happier
while you do live. If you're so built that you must be behind all the
time, give up bee-keeping and go to shoving a wheelbarrow — you can
shove better by being behind.

Getting Bees Out of Sections is a very simple thing with
the white-clover flow that is now on in some places (July 4). All that
is necessary is to takeoff the super — no need to drive out a single bee —
after putting on the cover set the super on end on top, and leave it
there till later in the day, when it will be found empty of bees. The
bees will form a line of march down the side or front of the hive to
the entrance, and after a little all will have joined the procession. If
the sections be left thus exposed all day long, not a robber will touch
them.

But wo betide you, oh inexperienced beginner ! if you get it into
your head that this is to be the unvarying program each year. Next
year the flow may not be so good, and a very little exposure may start
such a bad case of robbing that you will wish you had never seen a
bee. Even in the best of years there will come a time when there will
be a let-up in the flow, and then the least exposure must be avoided.
80 keep a sharp eye on your sections, and if at any time you see a
bee flying with its head toward the sections, get them under protec-
tion immediately.

Feeding and Caressing of Queens. — In an article in the
Bee-Keepers' Review, in which he pleads for fresh investigations on
different points, Arthur C. Miller says:

But what can you expect of others when you write of "bees
caressing the queen and offering her food when she pokes her tongue
from the partly opened cell." That surely is a relic of the dark ages.
The tongue is probably put out as a " feeler," for ills often used thus.
Bees never offer food to the queen, or to each other, it always has to

be asked for, and, sometimes, almost taken by force. From long
observation I am satisfied that it is never given on or by the tongue of
the "giver," but is taken from the mouth of the "giver "by the
tongue of the taker.

Mr. Miller has given evidence that his observations are entitled to
consideration, but in the present case it need not be wondered at that
some hestitation will be shown as to believing that bees never caress
nor offer food to a queen. When bees are seen stroking and appar-
ently dressing a queen, it is hard to believe that it is not meant some-
what in the nature of a caress. The tongue may be put out, as he
says, as a feeler, but a feeler after what? Why not a feeler after food?
If bees never offer food to a queen, and, as he says, it has always to be
asked for, does not the queen ask for it by thrusting out the tongue?
and if so when out of the cell, why not when in the cell?

Brood for a Nucleus With a Virgin Queen. — The prac-
tice of many is to give a frame witli eggs and young brood to a
nucleus having a virgin queen. This for more than one reason. If
the young queen is lost, the bees will show the loss by starting a num-
ber of queen-cells. If no queen-cells are started it is safe to say a
young queen is present, no matter if the most careful search fails to
discover her. It is possible, however, that one or a few cells may be
started even when a young queen is present, the cells not being de-
stroyed till near maturity.

Behavior of Queens at Different Ages. — When a young
queen has just emerged from the cell she is easily found, making no
attempt to get out of the way. When a little older, a virgin queen is
shy, scurrying with great rapidity from one part of the hive or comb
to another, and makes such a success of hiding that the novice may be
persuaded there is no queen in the hive. When about to assume the
duties of egg-laying, she again becomes moderate in her movements,
continuing thus through life, and in many cases continues depositing
eggs in the cells when the comb is taken from the hive.

The Scarcity of Bas.svvood is constantly becoming more
pronounced. Lately in a private conversation a well-informed supply
manufacturer said that the increasing diJIiculty of securing basswood
lumber, and the constant advance in the price of the same was becom-
ing a very serious matter. The amount used for sections is compara-
tively small, and if not a section were made, the great quantity used
lor so many other purposes would in not a great while use up the sup-
ply. He suggested the possibility that in the not very distant future
it might become necessary to abandon the production of section
honey, allowing extracted honey to take its place.

Such a result is not likely to occur. There is a demand for sec-
tion honey that is separate from the demand for extracted honey, and
consumers who prefer section honey are willing to pay several cents
a pound more for the appearance, or whatever you may be pleased to
call it. If basswood lumber should cost five times as much as it does
now. it would not increase the cost of a section more than a cent, and
the advance of a cent in the price of section honey would by no means
kill the demand.

But even it basswood should entirely disappear, there would still
be left the possibility of four-piece sections from any one of severaj
different woods, some of them better in appearance than basswood.
And it is just within the range of possibilities that the time may come
when some will choose four-piece sections rather than to pay the in-
creased price of one-piece sections made from basswood.

468

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

c

AssocUtion Notes

Exhibits of Bee-Supplies at the coming Los Angeles conven-
tion is called for by a reader in San Bernardino Co., Calif. He thinks
it would be a good idea to have the manufacturers bring samples of
their hives, etc., so that bee-lteepers can compare them.

That Car-Load of Bee-Keepers for the Los Angeles conven-
tion expects to leave Chicago on Wednesday evening, Aug. 14. Will
those who expect to 'be in that company please let us know by
Aug. 1, if possible, so that we can make all arrangements here with
the railroad company, such as securing berths, and anything else that
may be necessary to arrange for in advance? Of course, if it is im-
possible to let us know as early as Aug. 1, do so as soon as possible
after that date. We want to have as many bee-keepers from the East
to start in that special car as can possibly arrange to be here at the
time mentioned. The round-trip fare from Chicago to Los Angeles is
$50; the berth $6\ and the trip to the Grand Canyon, where it is ex-
pected to spend Sunday, is $6.50 more. By all going in one car the
railroad company will allow the bee-keepers to take the same car to
the Grand Canyon and sleep in it, and then afterward go on in it
to Los Angeles.

In case any bee-keepers east of Chicago should purchase round-
trip tickets, be sure to get them over the Santa Fe road from Chicago,
as that is the route over which the car-load of bee-keepers will go.

We wish that 40 or 50 bee-keepers near Chicago and east of here
could arrange to go in that special car. We would then have a con-
tinuous convention for several days. It will be a great trip.

Amendments to the National's Constitution. — The following
amendments to the Constitution of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion have been approved by a majority of the Board of Directors and
of the Executive Committee, but in advance of laying them before the
coming convention at Los Angeles, it is desired that all shall have an
opportunity to criticise and suggest, hence their publication. Sugges-
tions and criticisms may be sent to Pres. W. Z. Hutchinson, of Flint,
Mich., who will lay them before the committee having the matter in
charge :

ARTICLE III.— Membership.

Section 1 to be amended to read as follows :

Sec. 1. — Any person whp is Interested in bee-culture, and in accord
with the purpose and aim of this Association, may become a member
by the payment of $1.00 annually to the General Manager or Secretary ;
and said membership shall expire at the end of one year from the time
of said payment, except as provided in Section 10 of Article V of this
Constitution. No member who is in arrears for dues, as shown by the
books of the General Manager, shall be eligible to any oftice in this
Association; if such disciualiBcation occur during the term of any
officer, the olHce shall at once become vacant.

Section 3 to be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 2. — Whenever a local bee-keepers' association shall decide to
unite with this Association as a body, it will be received upon payment
by the local Secretary of 50 cents per member per annum.

ARTICLE IV.— Officers.

Section 1 to be amended to read as follows :

Sec. 1. — The officers of this Association shall be a General Mana-
ger, a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary, whose terms of office
shall be for one year, and a board of twelve Directors, whose term of
office shall be four years, or until their successors shall be elected.

Section 8 to be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 3. — The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and General
Manager shall be elected by ballot during the month of December of
each year, by a plurality vote of the members, and assume the duties
of their respective offices on the lirst of January succeeding their
election.

Section 4 to be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 4 — The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and General
Manager, shall constitute the Executive Committee.

Section 5 to be amended to read as follows :

Sec. 5. — The Directors to succeed the three whose term of office
expires each year shall be elected by ballot during the month of De-
cember of each year by a plurality vote of the members. The three
candidates receiving the greatest number of votes shall be elected and
assume the duties of their office on the first of January succeeding
■their election. The Board of Directors shall prescribe how all votes
■of the members shall be taken, and said Board may also prescribe
■equitable rules and regulations governing nominations for the several
offices.

Article V. Section 3, to be amended to read as follows :

Sec. 3. — Secretary — It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keej) a

record of the proceedings of the annual meeting; to receive member-
ship fees; give a receipt for the same, and turn all moneys received
over to the treasurer of the Association, together with the names and
post-otfiee addresses of those who become members ; to make an an-
nual report of all moneys received and paid over by him, which report
shall be published with the annual report of the General Manager;
and to perform such other duties as may be required of him by the
Association ; and he shall receive such sum for his services as may be
granted him by the Directors.

ARTICLE VII.— Vacancies.

Amend by adding the following clause to the end thereof:
Any resignation of a member of the Board of Directors shall be
tendered to the Executive Committee ; any resignation of a member
of the Executive Committee shall be tendered to the Board of Direc-
tors.

ARTICLE IX. — Amendments.

This Constitution may be amended by a majority vote of all the
members voting, providing such proposed amendment has been
approved by a majority vote of the members present at the last annual
meeting of the Association, and copies of the proposed amendment,
printed or written, shall have been mailed to each member at least 45
days before the annual election.

General Manager N. E. France reports the following,
which will be of interest to bee-keepers generally, but especially to
the members of the National Bee-Keepers' Association :

Riverside, Calif., has an ordinance, now enforced, forbidding the
keeping of bees in certain parts of the city. Mr. France has written
the authorities and bee-keepers there concerning the matter.

Another case is in a Michigan city where the ordinance is to take
effect Nov. 1. Mr. Hutchinson has promised to wait on the officials
of the city, and if possible make settlement.

There are several other localities in trouble, all of which Mr.
France is helping. He is kept very busy in the work of the Associa-
tion, and is doing lots of good.

Mrs. C. M. GRAT,of Los Angeles Co., Calif., writing us July 4,
had this to say :

We have had rather too cool weather until this month, but hees
are now working in earnest on wild buckwheat, sage, etc., and we
hope to have good results in extracted honey.

Southern California looks forward to a grand meeting of the
American bee-keepers next month, and from all reports they will be
tendered a royal welcome by those in and out of the fraternity.

Mrs. C. M. Grat.

Miscellaneous Items

Dr. F. L. Peiro can now be found at Room 13, 53 Dearborn St.,
Chicago; hours, 10 to 3, He wrote July 3 : " White mulberries com-
ing on. Bees rejoicing."

G. M. Doolittle, of Onondaga Co., N. Y., writing us July 10,
said: ,

" Fearfully hot here. Bees doing very little. No basswood bloom
this year on account of late frost. Thousands of acres of buckwheat
sown, so we may get surplus later.''

Bee-Sting Remedy. — "There is no better remedy for a bee-sting
than the juice of roasted onion. Roast the onion in the ashes if pos-
sible and squeeze the juice out, hot as can be borne, on the affected
part. This simple remedy, applied in time, has been known to save
life." So says a newspaper item.

He Hurt Himself.— Little Byron, 3 years old, came in from his
play crying and holding his foot.

" What is the matter with my boy?" asked his mother.
" I hurt me on a bee," replied Byron,

Those Strawberries, mentioned on page 430, have called out the
following explanation :

Mr. Editor :— Your remarks about strawberries from here make
me feel as if sailing under false colors, for the majority of readers
might understand that the tine berries you speak of were raised by
myself. The only part I have in their production lies in the fact that
they are raised on my ground. Years ago 1 produced strawberries by
the acre, but I never could produce such berries as those I sent you.
That remained for my good brother-iD-law, GhordisStuU, who is a
genius in that direction, and seems to impart to his strawberries the
ambition to excel in size and quality anything previously accom-
plished. C. C. Miller.

July 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

469

Convention Proceedings

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY ODR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from pa^e 453.)
FEEDING BACK TO PRODUCE COMB HONEY.

Mr. Craven — I would like to find out if any of the mem-
bers of this Association, or any of the members of the
National, who know and go to the National, have ever
come across any other expert besides Prof. Eaton, who
found the feeding back of cane-sugar for the whole apiary
for the manufacture of honey, and whether it is profitable
to do so to the men who do it. I have read, I believe, some-
where, that feeding back would take up, on an average, of
about one-third or two-thirds less, and in that case if they
should go to feeding back that would be at a loss instead of
at a profit.

Mr. Hutchinson — It wouldn't make any difference
whether sugar or honey, but whether it will be profitable or
not you have to have the right kind of bees and manage-
ment. I don't know whether any bee-keeper would make a
success of it.

Mr. Moore — It may be that someone doesn't understand
what a serious matter this is. I have told grocers and
others that some bee-keepers are not too good to do any-
thing if it will pay, but that there is a loss in feeding back
honey, and I explained this very thing. I didn't mention
his name. That they had tried all that was legitimate, and
that it failed, that it could not be on the question, "Can
you make dollars out of it ?" So I say it can't be done. If
anybody has a reason to show that I have been telling
stories all these years, I want to know it.

Mr. Abbott— The strongest evidence that it can't be
made to pay is, that it is not done, because there are, without
a doubt, people in the world in some shape to do anything.
Now, when honey is bringing the price it is now, if this
thing could be done at a profit in a warm room some fellow
would be doing it, and Prof. Eaton wouldn't say they had
found a single case in the great honey market like this.
Now, we have just heard of one case. I knew a man who
undertook it once, but the bees raised such a muss with
him that he put right out-of-doors ; it raised trouble with
him and his neighbors, and when he got through he was
out of his sugar and didn't have anything to do with it.
The fact is, that they do not do it. As I said this morning,
they are scouring the country to get honey — that's the
clincher.

Mr. Niver — I asked Morton why we had so many un-
finished sections, and couldn't get them finished. We have
so many. Why not feed back extracted honey and get them
finished? He said, " I have had my experience ; you try
it." I selected fine colonies, and fed back 30 pounds of
good extracted honey. I got three pounds back. That was
my experience ; I never tried it since.

Pres. York— That's almost 16 to 1 1

BEE-WAY AND PLAIN SECTIONS.

"Discuss relative merits of, first, bee-way sections;
second, half bee-way sections; and third, plain sections."

Mr. Pettit — I asked the question myself, and you have
not interpreted it as I intended. What I mean by bee-way
is, a quarter inch projection on two sides of the section ;
and a half way would be an eighth projection — the plain.

Dr. Miller — Perhaps Mr. Pettit will tell us about some
experiments he may have made.

i~ Mr. Pettit — With reference to the sections, I haven't
had very much experience with any except the first-men-
tioned, those with the quarter-inch bee-way ; but in my ex-
perience with them, and seeing how the honey is built out
against the side of the section, I would be very much afraid
of leakage from the plain section, and for general appear-
ance I would prefer the section with the half bee-way. W'q
have samples there that Mr. Niver showed me this morniiif,'.

Pres. York — How many use plain sections ? Ten.

FORCED OR SHAKEN SWARMS.

" Forced or shaken swarms — what should be done with
the combs of brood?"

Mr. Horstmann — Pile them up as high as you can, and
make good colonies of them.

Dr. Miller — That's one good way. I should say it would
depend upon circumstances. If you have a lot of nuclei,
take that first, and when you have no other use to make of
them then pile them up. That is all right.

Mr. Wheeler — What about robbing ?

Dr. Miller — That depends upon what you expect. You
have reference to leaving the brood without any bees ? I
should not advise that. I know there are some that do that
way, though. Some say, take all the bees off and hatch the
brood ; either make a pile or a single hive full of the brood
and give it a queen-cell or queen, and then depend upon
the young bees helping out to take care of the brood that is
there. I should expect, in a good many cases, to have rob-
bing going on. If there is a bountiful harvest there may
not be any. The one thing I would expect, there would be
some chilled brood, even if they have weather so hot that
the brood will hatch out day and night. There will then be
some starved brood. There will not be bees enough there
within the first 24 hours to feed the brood that ought to be
fed, and I think you would pretty surely have some starved
brood ; so those two things would make it unadvisable to
use that brood without any queen. These men don't look
into the matter closely enough. They would find that they
had chilled brood, or starved brood.

Mr. Baldridge — I am acquainted with the person who
prepared that question. I wish to answer my way. I don't
believe it is policy to shake off all the bees, but to leave
enough to take care of the brood properly ; but I should
place these shaken frames of brood in an empty hive by the
side of the parent hive. I would close the entrance entirely
so that no bee can get in or out, and attach to the front end
of the hive a bee-escape, so that when the bees went out to
work they would be excluded from the hive, and in the
course of three weeks all the brood will be hatched, the
majority of the bees will be in the other hive by the side of
it. I should place this hive no more than one, or two or
three inches away from the old stand, so that the bees will
be excluded, and secured in the other liive.

Mr. Horstmann— This question of shaken swarms is
done for two purposes. One purpose to cut down foul
brood. Another purpose to get good, clean combs so you
will have good, clean comb honey, and I think it is a mis-
take to shake frames too much. I give them one shake,
and leave plenty of bees on that comb to take care of any
brood they may hatch out. If you close up the bees as Mr.
Baldridge says, and put the bee-escape on, they will go
somewhere. There will be a great deal of trouble, I think.
Eeave it open so they can get in, but leave it smaller, and
then by shaking off four or five colonies at one time you
will have a splendid colony from the combs that you have
piled on top of each. There will be a new colony, and that
colony will give you plenty of honey if there is any flow at
all, and you will not lose anything except the old comb ;
and if there is any foul brood in the neighborhood it will
get rid of that. This is one thing I was expecting would
come up. Foul brood can be cured sometimes by giving
bees clean combs. I may be a little off of the subject. I
had foul brood in one colony. I didn't know it at the time.
I placed a hive under it, and let the bees build down, and
after they got to work in the lower story I took the upper
story off and put on some brood-chambers, and I found
out that that colony was cured of foul brood simply by the
bees storing in clean comb. It was all done over two years
ago, and there is no foul brood there now. Foul brood was
cured by letting them work in the new part of the hive and
storing clean honey, and using that for brood when the
queen went below. Shaken swarms are good for that one
thing, and I don't think people should shake too many bees
off of the frames. We have to look out for foul brood ; the
most of the beekeepers in this convention belong around
here, and I always think I should talk more to the interest
of those near home. The others, of course, know their busi-
ness better than we do here, and we know what we need.

Dr. Miller— Let me suggest one other variation. Take
the plan Mr. Horstmann suggests, make a pile, shake, if
you please, all of the bees off, shake what is convenient to
shake off, depending upon the character of the bees— you
may get all off, or not entirely all : make your pile of brood
upon some weak colony. In that case the brood will be fed,

470

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

and there will not be the loss from starvation. Another
reason, the other bees are not more likely to rob that pile
than they are to have robbed the weak colony that was
there before. If a new boy comes to school he has to run
the gauntlet until he gets settled down. If there is a
change made in the apiary, and there is any tendency to
rob a colony, place it in a new place and it will be robbed.
That's the case in my locality.

Mr. Horstmann — Did you ever have robbing during a
good honey-flow ?

Dr. Miller — I don't know.

Mr. Horstmann — I think it is very seldom.

Dr. Miller — I don't believe I did in a good honey-flow.
I have had it in a honey-flow, though. You set a colony in
a new place and the bees will try that, and if you pile this
pile of brood upon a weak colony that has had its place
there, they will not try it.

Mr. Wheeler — I have had quite a little experience along
that line. I have been practicing that shaking process for
more than ten years, and I find that even in a good honey-
flow, honey coming in one day, we might have rain that
night, and the next day the robbers would be out.

Dr. Miller — Still, that would be hardly called in a good
honey-flow at that time.

Mr. Wheeler — My plan is to shake all the bees off, for
fear you don't get the queen. If you don't get the queen it
is too bad. You have to have the queen. After the bees
are all off, I take the combs and hive and put them right
where the old hive stood. I shake my bees all to one side,
young bees and queen ; I put the old comb on the old stand;
the workers come in from the field and they take care of
that comb. At night I carry that hive of old bees off any-
where I please. It takes from 28 to 48 hours for the old
bees to go back to their old home where the hive is, and by
that time there is brood enough in the hive to take care of
itself.

Dr. Miller — Mr. Wheeler has a very bright way.

Mr. Abbott — Since I got to be a farmer I can't read
everything on earth. I kind of got behind the Chicago
swarm business. I supposed it was to get rid of swarming,
but Mr. Horstmann says it is to get clean combs. When
the bees are healthy, and there is no disease in a colony,
does it ever pay to melt up a comb 7 I had an impression
that a comb once made was worth more money as a comb.
I have used combs for extracting that were 10, 12, and IS
years old. I don't know whether I got good honey or not.
I always got the premium and 20 cents a pound for it. It
seems to me if it is worth while to buy foundation, if one
didn't want them, and there was no disease connected with
them, they would sell for more as combs than they would in
any other way. Maybe I misunderstood.

Dr. Miller — You haven't been reading !

Mr. Horstmann — I am going to experiment. One rea-
son is to get rid of foul brood.

Mr. Abbott — Let me ask this question : Then you
didn't mean to say that you destroyed the combs if your
bees didn't have foul brood ?

Mr. Horstmann — No. They are very handy to use for
extracting honey.

Mr. Baldridge — The object of that question was not
only to know what to do with the brood, but to secure all
the bees in that hive, in the working hive. My plan secures
all the bees in the original hive to store honey.

Mr. Wheeler — Doesn't mine?

Mr. Baldridge — I didn't say it didn't. No moth-miller
can get in if the escape is on, or no robbers. You secure
every bee in that hive without the loss of one on the origi-
nal stand, on the parent stand working in the supers.

Dr. Miller — I think Mr. Wheeler's plan is taking a mean
advantage of the bees. He takes everything away and sets
empty comb in an empty hive, and the flight bees come
back and occupy that, and they take care of them, and then
he puts them on another place and they come out and go
back to that same location again and join the swarm. I
would like that you all get that idea of the two shifts that
he makes, because these field-bees will hold to that one spot.

Mr. Niver — Do you all forget Doolittle's plan that he
got up ten years ago ? He made three swarms out of two
normal colonies and a nucleus. There are certain things
necessary to that plan. You must have as many nuclei as
swarms, and, next, you must know within 10 days when the
honey-flow will start. If you have ordered up your honey-
flow and it gets there, and is delivered on time, you are all
right ; and if not, you are all wrong. We have tried that,
because we can tell pretty near in New York State when
our honey-flow is coming on, it varies but little. If it is
bad weather, and the blossoms don't come, we have to feed.

To make these swarms that way is a ticklish piece of busi-
ness to understand. I think I talked a day and a half to
Dr. Nussle to make him see it. Mr. Doolittle proceeds as
follows, as told in his " Scientific Queen-Rearing :"

SWARMING.

After trying all the plans of non-swarming hives given, with no
success, I settled down to the conclusion that such a thing did not ex-
ist when working for comb honey, and, even if it did, I doubt if as
large a yield of honey could be obtained as by the use of swarming
hives. Then, if we are to use swarming hives, the question coming
next is, shall we mal^e our swarms by dividing, or by letting them
swarm naturally? Lately I have used both ways with what seemed to
me the best results. It will be seen that our bees are all in readiness
15 days before the height of the white clover harvest, and where this
is the main dependence for honey, all swarming should be done within
the next five days. In this case swarming would have to be done
largely by division, but as basswood is my main honey crop, coming
about .July .5, 1 do not practice artificial swarming, only so far as is
necessary to have all swarming done 10 days before basswood opens.
All swarms issuing previous to 15 days before basswood are hived
singly in hives containing frames of empty comb, and a week from the
time of hiving, boxes are put on in the same manner as described be-
fore. Those issuing, the next five days, are hived two swarms in a
hive, when convenient to do so, and the full complement of boxes put
on at ouce. If not convenient, the swarm, after being hived, is set on
the stand of another colony which has not swarmed, and such colony
changed to a new location, thus securing to the swarm all the field-
bees from the colony moved. Each swarm thus made has given them
a hive full of empty combs, and the boxes are put on at once. Thus,
it will be seen all the swarms'are in splendid condition to take advan-
tage of the basswood harvest as soon as it commences.

Where I have two swarms together, the queen belonging to one
parent colony is allowed to go back, when such hive is moved to a
new location and the doutde swarm set in its place. The colonies
losing their queens by their going with the swarms are allowed to rear
their own queens, for (after thoroughly trying the plan) giving each
colony a laying queen immediately after swarming, has not proved a
success with me.

Eight days after a swarm has issued from a hive I open it, and,
having ascertained that a queen has emerged from the cell, by finding
one open at the end, I cut off all the rest and thus stop all second
swarming. These cells, thus cut off, are placed in nucleus hives, if I
wish more queens. By waiting until the first queen is hatched, I have
a certain thing when the cells are all off, which is not the case where
all but one cell is taken away four or five days after swarming; for
the bees will often rear queens from the larviv still in the hive at that
time, and also the cell thus left will often fail to hatch.

When I think basswood will open in about 10 days, I proceed to
make colonies from all the rest which have not swarmed, as follows:
A hive is filled with frames of empty combs and placed upon the stand
of one of these colonies which has not swarmed, and all the boxes are
taken off and placed thereon, then all the bees are shaken and brushed
off their combs of brood and honey in front of this prepared hive into
which they will run as fast as shaken off. Thus, I have a colony that
is ready for the honey harvest, as they have the queen, bees, and
partly-tilled boxes all in readiness for work. Previous to this, nuclei
have been started, so that I have plenty of laying queens to use as I
need them.

I next take all the combs of brood from which the bees were
brushed except one, arranging them in the hive the bees were shaken
out of, and carry them to the stand of another colony which has not
swarmed. Next 1 take the comb of brood which was left out, and go
to one of the nuclei, taking out the frame having the laying queen on
it, and place the comb of brood in its place. Take the frame, bees,
queen, and all and set it in the place left vacant for it when arranging
the combs of brood. Now put on the boxes, and having all complete,
I move the colony to a new stand, and set the prepared hive in its
place. Thus, I have a laying queen and enough of her own bees to
protect her, together with a hive filled with combs of brood and all the
field-bees from the removed colony. In a very few days the colonies
are ready for the boxes, and generally make the best colonies I have
for storing honey. The loss of bees to the removed colony stops the
swarming impulse, and in about a week they have so regained their loss
that they are ready for the boxes again.

It will be seen my aim has been, in using these several plans, to
get all my colonies strong enough to work in the boxes (during the
best harvest) to advantage, and still have none of them desire to
swarm during the height of the best flow of honey. By adopting a
plan called "nucleus swarming," I once had my bees (after an early
division) nearly all swarming in the height of the honey harvest, by
which I lost at least -$500 ; for swarm they would in spite of all I
could do, and, while the swarming fever is on but little work will be
done in the sections, as all apiarists know. This taught me a lesson ;
I hope to profit by all such lessons, else why the use of learning them?

That's the old Doolittle plan. As I said, it works finely,
providing your " goods " are delivered that you order — a
good honey-flow in ten days.

Dr. Miller — I think you will find pretty nearly the same
thing in the American Bee Journal of 1861.

Dr. Nussle — I have a good man)- journals, but not that
one.

Mr. Niver— I found that in the American Bee-Keeper ;
I think it was at least 10 years ago, and perhaps older.
(Continued next week.)

July 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

471

Contributed Articles

J

Shaken Swarms, or Anticipating: Natural
Swarming.

BV PR. C. C. MILLER.

THERE are very varying views as to this matter. Some
are very enthusiastic about it. Others find in it little
to commend. It seems to me it is nothing more or less
than anticipating natural swarming, and when the compari-
son is made between the two there are for some, if not for
most, advantages in the shaking plan not to be ignored.
The advantage of being able to have the swarms made at a
time to suit the convenience of the bee-keeper rather than
the whim of the bees, is enough to settle the case with vety
many.

But although I have practiced it more or less for years, I
have not been as enthusiastic about it as some are, because
I have indulged the hope that some plan might be discov-
ered by which all swarming might be avoided, both natural
and forced. One year after another I have had colonies
that made no offer to swarm, and my record yields have al-
ways been from such colonies. I have made some attempt
to encourage non-swarming by breeding from these colonies
that devoted their time to storing rather than swarming,
and not entirely without success. Yet I am sorry to say
that this vear the bees have seemed to forget all about their
lineage, and preparations for swarming have been nearly
universal. I don't know why.

Having such an antipathy to swarming, I can sympa-
thize with my esteemed friend, Adrian Getaz, in some of his
objections to forced swarming. Yet upon reading his article
on page 407, I can not repress a feeling of interest for the
under dog in the fight, and so will make some attempt at
defense against some of his charges. Besides, the matter is
of so much general interest that there is warrant for oc-
cupying room to have it fully viewed from all sides.

It is true that with forced swarming there must be a
number of extra hives, but no more than would be neces-
sary for natural swarming. Indeed, it is necessary only to
have an extra-body for most of the colonies, for the shaken
combs of four, five or six colonies can be piled in one pile, a
single cover and bottom-board doing the service for the pile.
Mr. Getaz varied from the usual practice by returning
the brood at the end of five or six days, and it was a success
in preventing swarming. That's more favorable to shaken
swarms, I am afraid, than results in general would war-
rant. I don't know that I ever tried — I think I never did
try — exactly that plan, but I should expect my bees, in most
cases, to swarm on return of the brood so soon. But I
should expect them to work in the brood-chamber, just as
his did. Ordinarily I think the brood is not returned at all,
and if empty combs are given in the brood-chamber the
work in the supers ceases and the combs in the brood-cham-
ber are filled. But there is no real loss in this, for as fast
as the queen needs the room for eggs, the honey is emptied
out of the brood apartmeut into the super.

The queen will be likely to go into the sections just as
she would with a natural swarm, but if combs are given in
the brood-chamber she will not. Combs in the brood-cham-
ber will also prevent pollen in the sections.

An inspection every fourth or fifth day is necessary,
Mr. Getaz thinks, in order to anticipate natural swarming.
I get along pretty well with an inspection every nine days.
Mr. Getaz thinks emphatically that drawn combs should
not be given in the brood-chamber, because the bees will
fill them with honey at once, and he prefers comb founda-
tion. If the brood is to be returned in five or six days, no
doubt foundation is best, but if there is to be no returning
of brood, drawn combs work nicely. It is true that they
will be filled with honey, but, as I have already said, the
honey will afterward be emptied out into the sections. So
I have no trouble in giving the full quota of drawn combs
at the start.

I am with you, Mr. Getaz, in much preferring to keep
the force of bees together, but I get into lots of trouble try-
ing to do so, and I think we must admit that as between
natural and forced swarms there is for most a decided ad-
vantage in the forced.

You say there is a double loss with shaken swarms :

"The parent colony loses the bees that are on the new
stand ; besides *hat, it has to rebuild its brood-nest." But
the practice of many is to shake the bees back, or to make a
double shake, once in ten days and again at the end of 21
days from the time the swarm was made. In that way
nearly all the full force is kept in the hive.

Your plan of returning swarms, and killing the old
queens and letting the bees rear young queens wouldn't suit
some, especially those with out-apiaries not visited every
day. Even if I had only the home apiary, I would rather
not have young queens reared in the hive at harvest time.
Too often the bees swarm out with the young queen.

I have fought hard against all swarming, natural or
forced, but it is quite possible that I may never succeed to
entire satisfaction in preventing swarming.

McHenry Co., 111.

Drones— Do Tliey Keep the Hive Warm?

BY C. v. DADANT.

I NOTICE that Mr. Hasty criticizes my position on the
drone question (page 345). He says : "It is not quite al-
ways that we can have the warming presence of the
drones answered by the workers just as well. The first
night after swarming finds workers reared in the drones'
place mostly all gone, while most of the drones are where
they are needed." Then he added: "Will 50,000 bees in
the flush of the season feel quite satisfied in their own
minds if no drones are among them ? "

There are no rules without exception, and I will grant
that i/ a swarm happens to issue on a certain day, and the
weather changes suddenly that same day from hot to cool,
the drones, if they have not gone in part with the swarms,
may prove a little help for a night. After the first night
there are enough young bees hatched out to keep up all
necessary heat.

But swarms rarely issue when the weather is cool, or
when there are sudden atmospheric changes. Swarms are
usually cast when the weather is hot and likely to remain
hot. Drones pay no attention to the brood. They prefer to
stay on the honey, so as to be able to help themselves with-
out moving.

A colony which has cast a swarm has usually a suffi-
cient number of worker-bees in the field at the time the
swarm issues to keep the combs warm — the brood-combs at
least — in a cool night, for those bees are all back to the hive
for the night, though they were away when the swarm went
off. Those drones not only do not care to keep the brood
warm, but they do not care where they are, so they are
warm themselves, and they are usually nested away in the
upper part of the combs if the weather is cool. Then please
bear in mind, it will bear repeating, that those drones have
all been reared at a time when the hive needed warmth to
keep its brood warm, when it took valuable worker-bees to
nurse and hatch all the brood.

Mr. Hasty thinks the bees will be satisfied in their own
minds if there are no drones among them in the flush of the
season. Well, I believe he is right, but I never have been
able to keep a colony from rearing any drones at all. Only
if we can keep the breeding of these drones down to a few
hundred instead of a few thousand, I think we will have
achieved a great saving, and will also have helped prevent
the most promiscuous swarming, for I have repeatedly ob-
served that the colonies which were allowed to rear the
greatest number of drones were the ones which swarmed
the most.

To me, natural swarming is a hindrance to success. I
want to control it, and do in a great measure. If we want
increase we can always make it artificially from choice
queens and from colonies which would produce so little sur-
plus that it is all gain to make the increase from them. In
order to do this we must ascertain the best methods to avoid
natural swarming, and the prevention of dione-rearing is
one of the requisites.

But there will always be in any hive a few drone-cells —
a corner, here and there, where the bees will find place for a
few large cells, and there will be drones enough reared to
let the bees know that they are there, for they are so noisy
and clumsy that I imagine they are only toleratedy most of
the time, just like a lot of noisy children in a busy place.

What I hold and want to impress on the beginner who
reads the American Bee Journal is the advisability, in a
state of domestication, to regulate the production of drones
by removing the drone-comb and replacing it with worker-
comb, just as much as possible, in every hive from which

472

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI>AC.

July 23, 1903.

we do not particularly care to get reproducers. I hold that
in a state of absolute freedom, each colony of bees is in-
duced by Nature to rear a large number of drones for the
sake of the young queen that must meet one in her wedding-
flight. In a state of domestication, when we congregate SO
colonies in one location, it is our place to regulate this over-
production of drones, for it becomes an overproduction
when we gather the colonies in one spot, the drones of one
or two colonies being amply sufficient to mate with the SO
young queens that may be reared.

In a state of entire freedom a colony of bees will not
continue to store honey away till it amounts to tons. It
will rear drones enough to eat its surplus, at some time or
other. This in a general way. A colony that is ill-supplied
with honey will kill its drones much sooner than one that is
rich in stores, or " fat," as the French call it. The rich
colony will also rear drones much earlier in spring, and will
thus use up its surplus. But our domestication of the bees
will not be thorough if we do not learn to save on the breed-
ing of drones, and cause our bees to produce only enough of
them for the absolute needs of the apiary.

If drones had been intended at all for warmth, they
would have been kept when the weather is cold in the
spring. But the reverse is the case. Let there be a few
weeks of warm weather early drones will be reared, then
let a cold spell come when the brood needs care and warmth,
and at that very time you will see the workers persecuting
the drones, driving them out, mercilessly, one by one, to
tolerate them again when the heat returns.

Hancock Co., 111.

[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A "Sister" to Help in the Apiary.

I keep a few bees, and would like to build up a fair-sized
apiary, but as I am the miller I do not have the time to give
them the proper attention. With the opportunity there is
for selling the honey here at home, I think this would be a
good location.

Do you think it would be advisable to try to secure the
help of one of the bee-keeping sisters, or one who wishes to
learn ? She might help with office-work, and I could help
with the bees. M. DusTY.

Washington Co., Pa.

Answer. — It might be a good plan. You can tell better
after giving it a trial. Very much depends upon the per-
son. If you can secure the assistance of some relative who
will take a personal interest in the work you may find it
very advantageous.

Bees Working on White Clover and Alfalfa.

I have kept bees for ten years. I do the work myself. I
have 14 colonies now. White clover and alfalfa are in
bloom, and bees are at work early and late.

Bokhara clover is seeding heavily this year.

Wabaunsee Co., Kan. Minnie Peet.

A Pennsylvania Sister's ]Experience.

I have been connected with bee-keeping for a number
of years, and ought to know more about the business, but
I have found that even what we " don't know " can be a
help to others by starting investigation. To tell of my
varied experiences in all these years would fill a volume.
Successes and failures have followed all the way along.
Losses have been in wintering. I have tried almost all
ways. The most successful was under a part of our house
not excavated as a cellar, but quite roomy and enclosed all
around. It was such backaching work to get them under
there, we gave it up for that reason.

My first venture, after having kept a few colonies, was
to buy 25 colonies, giving a horse in exchange. I gained
considerable experience in working with them. In 1896 my

son and I bought an apiary of 42 colonies, hives and fix-
tures, all in excellent condition, of a widow whose husband
was a bee-keeper. She did not want to have anything to do
with the bees, and so we got them at a bargain. We had
about three excellent honey-years, and did well. Now,
there have been three off years, and natural increase has
not equaled winter loss. After selling some this spring,
finds me with only IS colonies and a lot of empty hives.

My son has the farm work to do and can not help
much about the bees. My husband has been an invalid for
more than two years with a nerve trouble. He never took
kindly to the bees. I enjoy them as much as ever, and
would like to increase this summer without spoiling my
honey crop, which has been a much-needed source of revenue
to us.

I have taken the Bee Journal a number of years, and
like the new department very much. I am looking for a
queen for a new subscriber. I can not always spend as
much time, and give close attention to the bees as I would
like, owing to other duties. Mrs. D. W. Brown.

Erie Co., Pa., May 18.

Rearing" Queens, Swarming-, Etc.

My Dear Miss Wilson : —

I have 8 colonies of bees and wish to increase to 16, and
Italianize. I want to buy a queen and rear young queens
from her, but can't decide whether to get a " breeder " or
" select tested." I am anxious to have the very best queens,
and don't mind any trouble to produce them, but I am inex-
perienced, and am afraid I'll make some mistake, therefore
I don't feel like paying a high price for a breeder when pos-
sibly a select tested would be almost as good, and less ex-
perience for one to "tinker " on.

1. Is there much difference between the two ?

2. Now, I propose to put two stories of brood over a
strong colony, confining the queen to the first floor. In
eight or ten days take both upper stories with all the bees
of each and place on a new stand, confining them for 24
hours, and give them young brood from my choice queen,
and in nine or ten days break this colony up into nuclei.
Will this method give me the best of queens ? or would it be
better to put both stories back over the excluder and queen
after cells are started ? I intend to put entrance-guards on
hives containing black drones before my young queens take
their flight. I am unable to watch my bees continually, as
I have other work to do.

3. Will they store as much surplus if I use entrance-
guards and queen and drone traps during the swarming
season ? My idea is to put an Alley queen and drone trap
on the hive on which I find cells most advanced, so as to
catch the queen and place among the cluster (also to pre-
vent her getting lost, as she will be clipped). Then hive
in a plain box and return to the parent colony next day.
(The trap will be shifted to other colonies when needed.)

4. Is there much danger of such a colony swarming
again ? I forced one colony April 14 (finding advanced
queen-cells), and it swarmed June 8 just the same.

5. If you had most of your hives to buy now, and were
running for comb honey, which kind would you buy ? I
have a couple of Danz. hives, but I haven't tested them
enough to know whether thej' are best or not. My other
hives are for ten frames.

My bees have always wintered well, never having lost
a colony, and they have had no extra attention, such as
feeding, packing, etc., and wintered on the summer stands
in quite an exposed position, too. I have read much about
rearing bees six or eight weeks before the harvest, so I tried
this spring by covering each hive with old rugs, paper,
straw, etc., and turning a large dry goods box, in the bot-
tom of which was straw held in by paper and small sticks,
over each colony.

6. Do you suppose it did any good ? or would it have
been better to have had them so packed all the winter ? My
bees swarmed earlier this year than ever before. The first
swarm issued April 8. I thought perhaps it was because of
their being wrapped up, though a few weeks later other
swarms in the neighborhood were reported. I am anxious
to know what kind of " locality " this is for bees. I have
never made it a study, but I am trying to do so now.

Pruit blooms here through March, commencing about
the first; white clover from the first of May through June,
sourwood the last of June. I don't know what will be next,
but I intend to " look out ;" nor do I know how much pas-
turage of any kind is accessible. White clover grows quite
profusely along the roads and in the yards, but most of the

July 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

473

land is under cultivation. There are acres of strawberri..'s,
but they bloom so early. I don't know whether they are of
much value or not.

7. What color is strawberry honey ?

Locust and holly bloom in May, but my bees did not
notice the locust, though bumble-bees were lively around
it, but mine were equally as — I was going to say, boister-
ous, but hardly — around the tiny little holly blossoms.

. 8. Do you suppose my bees did not notice the locust
because of white clover and other preferred blooms ?

I have killed numbers of those little pests — the bee-mar-
tins. I have an idea they have a special taste for virgin
queens, since I've lost several. Spare them for the sake of
keeping away hawks ? not I. I prefer to use that same
shot-gun on the hawks.

I take the Bee Journal and have Dr. Miller's new book,
both of which I thoroughly enjoy, and don't feel that I can
do without. My ! when I get started on bees it's hard to
stop. '" So it seems," I hear everybody say.

Mrs. C. D. Mears.

Princess Anne Co., Va., May 26.

Answers. — 1. Probably there is not much difference.

2. If all the combs are well covered with bees it will be
all right, but be sure they have plenty of bees. Remember
some of them will go back to the parent colony.

3. It will probably make very little difference.

4. Generally not, unless very early.

5. Most likely the eight or ten frame dovetailed.

6. The packing may have made some difference, but
this has been an unusually early season in general.

7. I don't know, and I doubt if any one else knows.

8. Very likely.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Sumac as a Nectar-Yielder— Distance Bees Gather.

1. There is a bush that grows in this county known by
the common name of sumac. It grows very abundantly in
this section. There are two kinds of it, the red and the
white. It is in bloom now, and the bees are working on it.
It does not grow in the bottoms, but there is lots of it on the
hills. What is the correct name for it ?

2. Is there much honey in it ? If so, is it of good qual-
ity ?

3. My apiary is I's miles from the Red River bottom —
a bottom about 8 miles wide, containing a very dense forest.
It is about 5 miles to the river where there is a very exten-
sive agricultural business carried on. I can see my bees go-
ing to the bottoms. How far do you think they will go in
the bottoms ? Arkansas.

Answers. — 1. Probably the plant is sumac. 1

2. I don't know anything about sumac honey.

3. Bees have been known to go as much as 7 miles, 'but
probably not with profit more than 2 or 3.

A Swarm with aueen-Cells-White Clover Disappearing.

1. Five days ago I hived a moderately large swarm in a
hive of usual size. The bees went right to work and have
seemed perfectly contented from the first. Yesterday, five
days after swarming, I opened the hive, found comb-build-
ing advancing nicely, some honey, and an abundance of
eggs. The surprise that awaited me was the discovery of
six queen-cells, all about half completed, and each contain-
ing an egg, or a larva with royal jelly. How do you account
for queen-cells so soon after hiving ?

2. Why does white clover disappear so completely after
one year of luxuriant bloom ? A vacant lot near my home
last summer was a perfect snowbank of clover blossoms.
The lot has not been plowed nor disturbed in anyway what-
ever. But this summer it is impossible to discover a soli-
tary clover plant. The entire lot has grown up to plantain.
What is the reason for this ? Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Very likely most bee-keepers would be,
like you, surprised to find queen-cells so soon after the hiv-

ing of a swarm. Yet I doubt its being anything so very
unusual. Remember that when left to themselves the bees
will supersede a queen when she becomes old enough, and
that supersedure will generally take place toward the close
of the honey harvest. The queen has been doing her heav-
iest laying up to the time of swarming, and why should
supersedure not take place immediately after swarming as
well as later ?

2. I don't know. Perhaps it winter-killed. Who can
give a better answer ?

Two Pound Sections— Coverless Colony Rained On.

1. A friend gave me some two-pound sections with
supers. Are they all right for family use ? I never saw
any on the market and I can't remember ever seeing a two-
pound cake of honey on the table.

2. The colony I started with this spring seemed good
and strong, but during a heavy rain-storm the last of May
the hive was uncovered. Would you think that the young
brood would be chilled and thus destroyed by exposure ? I
found a few dead bees outside the next day. I put a super
on during fruit-bloom, but they did nothing on it but filled
it with bees. They are now storing some clover honey.

3. How would you remove a colony of bees from under
the siding of a house ?

4. I have found a bee-tree, and the owner of the tree
objects to my cutting it. How would you get the bees out ?

Subscriber.

Answers. — 1. Yes, they are just as nice in every way
as the smaller sections except as to matter of size. Form-
erly they were somewhat common on the market, but when
the pound sections appeared the larger could only be sold
at a lower price.

2. It is not likely that the brood was injured in the
least. The bees pack themselves over it so as to make a
" shingling " that will shed all rain from the brood. Still,
it is not likely that a cold bath does the bees any great
good.

3. Cut away the boarding so as to expose the combs,
using the necessary smoke ; cut out the combs and transfer
them as directed in your book for transferring, arrange so
as to have the hive close up where the bees were, and allow
the bees all to settle on the combs, perhaps keeping the hive
uncovered for that purpose. Toward the close of the day
see that no bees have gone back to the old place, driving
them out with smoke. When all have ceased flying in the
evening, take the bees into a dark cellar and keep them
there for two or three days, then set them on the stand
where they are to remain.

4. Just what the law is with you I don't know, but if
you do the work of taking down the tree and getting the
honey you ought to be allowed at least half of it. The
combs can be fastened in frames as in regular transferring.
The work can be done almost any time during warm
weather. If only the honey is to be secured, wait till the
harvest is over.

Keeping Swarming Colonies Strong-Lsing Queen-Ex-
cluders.

I am a beginner in bee-keeping and a subscriber to the
American Bee Journal. The questions and answers have
been a great help to me, but there are one or two that I
would like to ask that I don't believe I have ever seen
printed.

In the fall of 1901 I bought a colony of black bees in
an 8-frame Langstroth hive. They were strong, and win-
tered nicely, and the 14th of the next May sent out a large
swarm. I hived them as soon as clover began to blossom.

1. How can they be kept strong when they are swarm-
ing all the time ?

2. I am greatly interested in the business, and wish to
run for comb honey. Is it well to have them swarm so
much ? (I want the honey more than the increase:) If it is
not well to have them swarm so much, what can I do to pre-
vent it ?

3. Is it as well to have queen-excluding zinc over the
brood- frames ? If so, where can I get it, and what would
be the price ? M.mne.

Answers.— 1. One way that is a good deal of trouble,
although perhaps the surest way for one not very experi-
enced, is to return each swarm that comes out. When a
swarm issues take the cluster and dump it down in front of
the hive from which it issued, letting the bees run back into

474

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

their old hive. If you cannot cut off the limb on which
they are clustered, hive them in a hive or box, and then
empty them in front of the hive. As often as they swarm
return the swarm, and about two weeks after the first
swarm issues you will be done with all swarming of that
colony for the season.

2. No, it's decidedly a bad thing- to have much swarm-
ing, and if you do not care for increase it would be better
not to have any; but it is hard to convince the bees that
they ought to respect your wishes. An easier way to man-
age than the one given in the preceding answer can be fol-
lowed if you want one swarm from each colony and want
no after-swarms. When the prime swarm issues, hive it
and place the hive on the old stand, putting the old colony
close beside it. A week later take away the old colony and
put it on a new stand at some distance, and there will be
little danger of any more swarming. You see that removal
at about the time the young queens will' be hatching out will
so deplete the colony by taking away their field-force that
they will have little heart for further swarming.

3. If you are working for comb honey and have your
sections full of worker foundation, there is no need of a
queen-excluder. If working for extracted honey it is better
to have the excluder. Oueen-excluding honey-boards may
be had of any dealer in bee-supplies, and cost from 15 to 22
cents each, according to the kind.

tiettins ttie Poul Brood Inspector's Help.

How is the foul brood inspector's aid obtained to treat
that disease. I think that my neighbor's bees have it, and
he is like most farmer bee-keepers, very ignorant of the dis-
ease. It may mean much to my apiary if not gotten rid of.

Illinois.

Answer. — I do not know of any foul brood law in Illi-
nois that will prevent your neighbor from keeping diseased
bees if he wants to ; but if you will write to Mr. J. Q.
Smith, Lincoln, 111., the foul brood inspector appointed by
the State Association, you can get all the help that is to be
had.

^ I »

Transferring, Forming Nuclei, Etc.

1. How many pounds of comb honey will it take to
make one gallon of extracted ?

2. Will the bees store enough honey in the lower story
of the hive to last them all the winter?

3. Would the first of June be too late to transfer, or to
form nucleus colonies ?

4. Which would you think to be the best, to sell honey
at home at 10 cents per pound, or ship it North and sell it
for 15 cents per pound ?

5. Do bees gather much honey from the blossom of the
Cottonwood tree ?

6. Is it the best plan to rear queen-cells in nucleus
colonies ?

7. I have some brood-frames full of honey. Would it be
a good plan to give it to my nucleus colonies ?

8. I have some colonies that haven't swarmed this year.
Do you think it is cold weather that is preventing them
from doing so, or is it something else ?

9. If you would make nucleus colonies now, do you
think it would be a good plan to commence feeding them
now, so they would have plenty of stores for winter ?

10. How soon after a virgin queen is introduced into a
colony will she begin laying ?

11. How many nuclei can I form from a 10-frame col-
ony having plenty of brood ?

12. Is it necessary to have a queen or a ripe queen-cell
to introduce into a nucles as soon as you form them, or can
one wait a while ? Mississippi.

Answers. — 1. A good quality of extracted honey weighs
something like 12 pounds to the gallon, and the difference
in the weight of the wax is very little.

2. Yes, and no. If the hive is large enough, yes. If
small enough, no. That's on general principles, but colo-
nies differ, and some colonies in a very small hive will make
sure of their winter's supply, while others will have the
brood-chamber so fully occupied with brood till late in the
season that there will be no room for stores.

3. Not at all.

4. I don't know. If it is comb honey, taking into ac-
count the chance of loss from breakage, besides freight and
commission, perhaps the 10 cents in hand would be better.

5. I think not, if the Cottonwood of Mississippi is like
the Cottonwood of Illinois.

6. I prefer to have them in strong colonies, at least
until sealed.

7. Yes.

8. Not necessarily cold weather. I have colonies every
year that make no attempt to swarm, and they are the
very ones that give the largest crops.

9. It ought hardly to be necessary to feed unless there
is a dearth.

10. That depends upon her age when introduced. She
will generally begin laying when from 8 to 12 days old.

11. Probably about 4, for there will likely be about 8
frames of brood, and you will need 2 frames for each
nucleus. If, however, you have two or more nuclei in one
hive, so that they can have the advantage of mutual heat,
and if your colony is very strong in bees, you may be able
to make a nucleus for each frame of brood.

13. No, you can't suit your convenience in the matter,
only it is a waste of time to have a nucleus long without a
queen or cell.

Prize =winnlnfl

Daughters of Moore's famous long-toag-ued
red clover Italian Queen, which won the $25.00
prize offered by The A. I. Root Co. for the long-
est-tongued bees; and also daughters of other
famous long-tongued red-clover breeders whose
tees "'just roll in the honey," as Mr. Henry
Schmidt, of Hutto, Tex., puts it, now ready to
go by return mail. Untested Queens, 75c each;
six, f4.C0; dozen, $7.50. Selected Untested, 1.00
each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed. Circular free.

J. P. MOORE,

25Atf Lock Box I. MORGAN. KY.

Please 'mention Bee Journal when -wriliug.

LEGTRIG

E METAL. WHEELS
save.^ll ri'paii-s and dou l.lc the
lifeof yum- wagon. Models of
strength. strai(,'ht or staggered oval
steel spokes. Any heiRht, lit any
wagon. Your old running gears
made into a new wagon at smalleost
Write for free descriptive catalog.

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.
Box 16 Quincy, Ills.

Honey Crop All Right.

The honey crop in southern Wisconsin is
immense — white and sweet clover and bass-
wood now all yielding. H. Lathkop.

Green Co., Wis., .July 6.

*jeastj lueiiuou .

juri

L ■when "writing.

"Cheeky" People— Queenless Col-
ony.

Everybody seems to think they can get
along with the information they can pump
out of another bee-keeper that is posted. So
I have come to the conclusion that the best
way to get rid of such parties is to charge for
the information and see it it would have any
effect. So the other day there was one came
along. He had a swarm and no hive for it,
and wanted nie to show him how my hives
were constructed, which I did. Well, he
said there would be no use for him to under-
take to make one, for he would make a com-
plete failure of it, and he asked if I would
make one for him. I said I would. So I put
the swarm in a cracker-box and went to work
on his hive and constructed an N-frame body,
frames with starters, one super complete with
sections and starters; put the beesjiin, and

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-ton gued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3^ miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2H miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 75 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.50 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

qA26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien writing.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich

\ii W&NT WORKERS

Hoys, Girla, ol.iandyounKaliktj,

make mnney working; for us.

We fnrniith capital toBlttrl joa m boat-

. Send OB 10c ■Umpw or silver for fuil iimlnictlonB and a line ot

Naples to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago. 1 11.
■please mention Bee 3-oumal when writins

mvb

July 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

475

THousands ol Hives - Millions ol Secilons

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of live carloads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Cor. First and riain Sts.,

LOS ANGELES.

Natick House,

HART BROS., Proprietors.

"The Popular Hotel," remodiled; 75 additional rooms, all newly furnished. Everything-
strictly flrst-class. Elevator. American plan, 11.25 to $3 00; latter includes suites with private
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the National BeeKeepebS' Association during- the Convention,
Aug-. 18, 1<) and 20.

fease mention Bee journal -w beu -syritme,

Bee=Supplies

Very best ot
g-oods, lar-
gest stock in
vaated AT ONCE

Special Prices.

C. M.SCOTT & CO..

Califnfnia I I* yon care to know of Iti
V/aillUrnia t Fruits, Flowers, CUmaH
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Cali-
ornLa's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltnral and Agrlcnltttral

Eaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
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PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cai.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

CLEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesdau, Aug. 12111, 10 D.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.

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Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
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Fridau,

flUQUSt 14tli,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles

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Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, $2.00.

Gen.Agt. SANTA Pt ' ChiCAQO.®^"

J. M. CONNELL,

narshfleld MannfactnriDg Coiupany.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wbeu wntina

•J^ This is a good time

gfa> vhr to send in your Bees-

• J _C T% _ •♦* fvi wax. We are payine

paid for Beeswax. « si-- aii

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
• Address as follows, very plainly,

QEOROE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

ehart':«l him S^.50, and he thought it was out-
raneims and said he would not pay it. Well,
if he doesn't I shall levy on the bees this fall.
That Ls a specimen of some of the people I
have l(j contend with, and there are lots of
them around here.

A .sure cure for a queenless colony : Shake
all the bees off in front of the hive and run a
swarm in with them. At the same time give
them a frame of brood in all stages, and the
work is done. In eight days take out all
(lueen-eells but one, and you have as good a
colony as you have in the yard.

My liees are doing well this year. I started
with 2i colonies, spring count, and swarming
is over now and I have 56, and all good and
strong except one, which has a poor queen,
and I shall introduce a queen.

I am working hard to keep up with the
bees, but as this is the first rush I have ever
had it keeps me guessing, as I have to do all
the work and can't get sections at any price
half the time.

I wonder what Yon Yonson is doing. 1
have not heard from him for some time. I
was amused at the way he did with his golden
Italiaus that would not work upstairs, as. I
had some that were .that way. So I did the
same as he did, divided them, and they are all
right. I suppose that man that crossed his
strawljerries with milkweeds is having a fine
time eating strawberries and cream.

By the way, I think that the best cross some
of those big bee-men could make would be a
cross with the golden Italian and the light-
ning-bug, so as to have a night force on in
the busy season. Well, Yon Yonson, study
over this and see what you think of it, and let
us know. I am inclined to think that those
big queen-breeders could do a big business if
they could make a success at the cross.

.J. M. Butler.

Mercer Co., III., -July 10.

Big Swapming— Time to Read.

Prospects are good for a big honey crop
here. I have had 100 percent swarming from
300 colonies. I have " shook '' about --,■, and
am cutting cells out ot the rest, as it is getting
too late for shaking. Do you think I have
been busy i I weigh only 120 pounds, and
do nearly all my own work. 1 am not like
the fellow that stopped taking the American
Bee .lournal because he didn't have time to
read it. I read it and four more.

M. W. Harvet.

Montrose Co., Colo., July 3.

Rearing Queens.

Now, I am going to use a little of that high
pressure, stnokeless powder (that we of the
Pacific States believe in) at a few of those
queen-breeders, while you have the pleasure
of listening to those old-black-powder out-of-
date things roar back at me. But that is all
right. Let them roar. They will only get
mixed up in their own smoke.

In the first place, please read over J. A.
Green's article on page 197. Then read Mr.
Alley's article, page 198, both in the issue of
March 20. After reading those articles please
bear in mind that Mr. Green's queenless col-
ony became queenless at a time of year (ac-
cording to uiy theory) when there would in
no prohaljility be a live bee in the colony
reared from a fully-developed egg.

Now, then, before we go any further, it is
just as well that I state my theory :

1st. A laying worker is a worker-bee that
was led and reared as a worker from a fully-
developed egg, that on account of the queen-
less state ofthe colony is trying to set herself
UD for a queen, and at any time during the
life of those bees after swarming-time a col-
ony may possess them.

2nd. A worker-queen is a queen reared out
of season at any time of year from an unde-
veloped egg, or the egg from any queen hav-
ing pk-niy of empty combs in which to lay,
and is ni>i retarded in egg-laying. Such an
egg will produce but two things. If fed as a
worker it will produce a common worker,
never a laying worker. Second, it will pro-
duce a worker-queen if all conditions are
right for its development, but it will never
produce !i long-lived prolific queen proper.

3d. A queen proper is a queen reared from

476

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

an egg that has been fully developed by the
mother queen being crowded for room, and
egg-laying retarded until the eggs are devel-
oped more than normal ; or from an old
queen in which the formation of eggs is ceas-
ing, and, in consequence, they being fewer
in number.are better developed, as in superses-
sion.

Now, I have been reading between the lines
for some time, and the only queen-breeder
that seems to be conforming to Nature, or
nearly so, is G. M. Doolittle, hence his oft-
repeated advice to the beginner to rear a few
queens about swarming-time. But, on the
other hand, while trying to conform with
Nature he doesn't admit of a diflerence in
worker-eggs. Now, right here I want to ask
Mr. Doolittle how he can account for laybu)
workers at one time of year and not at other
times. I have noticed that worker-bees pro-
duced during the swarming period are always
better developed in every respect, and partake
more of the form of the queen, than during
the roomy period in a hive.

Now, don't thing that I argue against all
the other good conditions necessary to pro-
duce a good queen, but I want one thing
more, a fully-developed egg.

Let us take a peep into a hive of bees for
the season and see what takes place, and we
will see that Nature makes no uiistakes. 1st'
Nature begins by giving the bees pollen along
with a little honey, and there being plenty of
empty cells early in the spring, it is the desire
of both queen and bees to fill them as soon as
possible, consequently eggs are laid as fast as
produced and are developed into worker-
bees; now, dear reader, just make one of
these colonies hopelessly queenless after all
the bees from the full-house time of last year
are dead, and see it you don't have the same
experience as J. A. Green reported.

We will go a little further, and we find a
hive full of bees, drones, honey and pollen, to
such an extent that the queen can not lay
one-half the eggs she desires, consequently
the eggs are better developed, and Nature
steps in and creates a desire of reproducing
herself. Now, with such a desire, and under
such circumstances, would it be anything out
of the ordinary run of things if the queen, by
some means or other, was to do something in
depositing the egg in a cell-cup that would

■ ^■■"^» strong, Chicken-
Tlgrht. Sold to the FarmeratWhoIeeale
Prices. FanyWarraDtcd. Catalog Free

COILED SPRINS FENCE CO.
Box S9 Winchester, ladlaoa, V. 8. i.

4CiEtf Please mention the Bee Journal

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOQY

Incorporated 1S66. 39th Sesaloo opens Sept zd.
Subjects: Phrenology, the Art of Character
Reading; Anatomy, Physioiosy. Physiognomy.
Heredity. Hygiene, etc. Address : 24 E. 22d St.,
New York, care of Fowlf,k A Wells Oo.
24Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to give satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in lS,s,s. Our stock origi-
nated from the best and highest-priced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 7Sc each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen) $2 each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to lt)0.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to SUO on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
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Address all orders to

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PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

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maoM

REMARKABLE ^""^EiNs IS?^^^!ir_

Stekllng, I, a., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians— None Superior. .-. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for $ 4.00 | Tested, $1.50 each; 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1,00 each; 6 for S.OO I Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut,

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CIMCIMMATI, OHIO.

We are the Largest Mannfactnrers of Bee-Keepers' Supplies in tlieNortliwest

Send for catalog

Minneapolis, Minn.

We liaye tlie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best Sliippins; Facilities.

Please mention Bee .ronmal when writing

Etf

Ditlmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working: wax into Foundation <or Cash a Specialty. Beesffax
always wanted at liigfliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Gk.™gbr * CO., Toron^o,_^On^,^ ^^^^^^ quS, DITTMER, AugUSta, Wis.

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■m"w 7 J a Your address on a postal

VV/iriTPfl for a little book on
'^'**"*-^** Queen-Rearing-SENT

FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address, HENRY ALLEY.

28Atf WENHAM. MASS.

Please mention Bee J otimal when Twnting,

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

iT^e protitB. Ewy vfork. We famish capital. S«nd
i ctnta for full line of uampleBand particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, Ills.

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To Chautauqua Lake and Return

at one fare for the round-trip, via
Nickel Plate Road, on July 24th, from
Chicago and intermediate points, with
return limit of Augf. 24th, account of
Conference of Association of General
Secretaries of Young Men's Christian
Association of North America, at
Chautauqua L/ake. Full particulars at
City Ticket Office, 111 Adams St., Chi-
cago. 19— 28A3t

Queens NowReady to Supply »» Returu Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

/^_1 J_^_ I.i-.~l;^,*---, Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
(jOlden Italians T5cents;6for»4.00.

Red Clover Queens, -h-^i«ft-ii--'-'i-^^«>^--'i-i?''9?«y-
Carniolans

gathering. Untested, SI .00; 6 for SS.OO.
They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others. Untested, fl.OO.

ROOrS GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORT PRICES,

C. H. W. WEBER,

146-2148 Central Avenue.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. :Muth and A. Muth.)
Hease mention Bee Journal when writina

Please Mention the Bee Joarnal

when writing
Advertisers »»•

July 23, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

477

make a superior ijueea, and cell-cups started
and eggs deposited therein'

Try the experiment again and make this
colony hopelessly queenless in about three or
four weeks after this period commences, and
you will soon have all the laying workers you
want, and as long as they live in that colony
you can get a laying worlter.

Now, then, the point I want to make is, it a
worker-egg out of the swarming season will
not produce a laying worker, and one during
the swarming will produce a laying worker,
why will there not be relatively the same dif-
ference in queens! I claim there will be,
against all the evidence of text-books, pro-
fessors and scientists, according to my prac-
tical experience.

One word more: The importance of hav-
ing a large force of nurse-bees of the right
age is all right and necessary, and plenty of
tield-bees to develop extra heat at night and
bring in honey and pollen by day ; and, above
all, good stock to breed from. But don't
think for one moment you can go on from
one generation to another, taking eggs from
your breeder during the time she has plenty
of room, without at each consecutive genera-
tion getting a more tender, short-lived gen-
eration of bees, until you have a race of bees
like Mr. Alley would have us to understand
pure-bred Italians had become.

Linn Co., Oreg. Geo. B. Whitcomb.

Much Swarming.

My hees swarmed some the latter part of
April and the first of May. Honey was then
coming in freely to the middle of May, and
from then on to the last week in June bees
would attempt to rob and sting anything they
could catch hold of. At this date the bees
are having a feast even late in the evenings.
It is quite a thing to see them come in miss-
ing the hives. Those that swarmed in April
swarmed again last week. In all my 18 years
of keeping bees I never had a colony to swarm
so early in the season, then later on to swarm
again. I am now beginning to store honey in
the attic of my dwelling-bouse.

E. B. Kauffman.

Lebanon Co., Pa., July 13.

Many Years a Bee-Keeper.

I think the American Bee Journal worth its
weight in gold to any bee-keeper, and I now
would not be without it if it cost .¥5 per year.
I have 4S colonies in my apiary, and they are
all doing tine work. I run an apiary in Wis-
consin of 100 colonies, but I think my 48 colo-
nies here are going to beat the 100 there.

I am now .55 years old, and I might say I
have been practically brought up with the
honey-bee, as my father kept bees every since
I can remember. So you see they are as
much pets to me as my wife's canary is to her,
and I can truly say they (the bees) are her
pets, too, for she thinks as much of them as I
do. Warren- Goccher.

Hubbard Co., Minn., July 11.

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Quality and Price

correspond in Pnac Fen<-p: both a little hicher.
PA(iK HOVIX \V!1:K FINCK CO., Adrian, .llich.
Plefae mention Bee Journal "when •writing

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It la
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding la neceg-
«ar/.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO IhU

M\m%% Queens,

Bred from best Italian honey-tratherint' stock,
and reared in I LILL COLONIES by best known
methods. Cu.iranteed to be good Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
ISAlf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
Please mention Bee Journal "wrtien 'writing.

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will preeent you with the riryt e& yoa
lake in to start you in & good paying husl-
lees. Send 10 cents for full line of Bamplea
intl directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLlSHiNQ CO., ChlcAgo, llli.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save yon money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It Is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premivun for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
(for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABBLLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.^ Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

MountUniojGoiieoe

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1S46. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 25
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa- ^
tion. We invite correspondence. Send V
for catalog. . fc^

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r
Alliance, Ohio. V

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Otber Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
fnrnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order: ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^

Sweet Clover [white). ...$ .75 11.40 J3.2S J6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.£0

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.S0 12.50

AUalfa Clover 1.00 L80 4.25 8.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to yonr order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per ponnd If
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK A OO.
144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Wlial Yon Yonson TUlnks

Vel, my ying, it is plenty bad for da N. B.-
K. A. to hole deirs big convenshul vay olT in
Cally forny. Ay don't see vy for dom haf to
tag da (1. A. R. fellers around. Ay don't lak
Cally foniy a toll, cause it is too far oS. Ay
never can go horsbak an ride ole Yim clear to
Cally fiiriiy. Mebby da Ingins git ole Vim's
scalp to hang in deirs belt, an den ay vould
be lak da feller vat vent up in a Imloon, an
ven dorii git about 2 miles high somting broke
an doin hav to valk back.

But, my goodeness, ay seen feller vat sed
dat Cally forny she is awful fine country, an
be say dom rais awful fine fruit an punkins,
an evry ting vat is nice; but he say. Yon Yon-
son, it's better you not vent to Cally forny,
cause ven you see vat fine fruit dom rais, an
get taste of das fine climate, den you vil be
spoiled for das country, an yust hanker for
das nice country and elimate. An mebby it
don't vas any som Svede mans in Cally forny.
Vel, mebby so, but evry body vat can, better
go, cause dom get cheap ticket, and dom git
to see plenty much fine country, an dom sure
lurn a hole lot at da convenshul. Ay don't
know vy for dom call da town Lost Angeles.
Ay never hurd of any vat got lost in Cally
forny. Course it vas fellers dere vat got
plenty much bees, but dom don't vas da hole
sidevalk, caus lUenois got mor bee-keepers as
Cally forny, but dom don't got quite so big
patch of bee-hives. An Illenois got plenty
good legislature, vat give us foul brood law
an money to back it. Ay rote to lots of dom
law mans, an ask dom vil dom pleas be so
good an vote for da bill, cause foul brood is
vorser for bees dan hog colery iss for hogs,
an if da bees all di dan ve don't git any more
hunny, an dat vil put an end to da hunny
moon. Some of dom mak answer an say dom
vote for it all rite ven dom git chance. An
you bet dom did, too.

Vel, ay see it vas som fellers vat give Mr.
New York fits cause he by hunny and ven he
sell it he put his name on it an call it
" Y'ork's hunny." Vel, if he pay for it cours
it is York's hunny.

Now, ay bean rais plenty strawberries, an
ay bean selling strawberries forpurdneer four
veeks, anay sell more as 100 quvartsa day,
some days, an ay put Yon Yonson's nameon
every box, an dom go lak hotpankakes, cause
it is youst som nice berries in da bottotn of da
boxes same it is on da top. An ven dom
peples see Yon Yonson's name on da box dom
know it vas good fruit, cause Y'on Y'onson iss
honest. Y'ou know ven he put his name on
da boxes he haf to be, or you bet he ketch it
on da phone in grate shape.

An ay tank Yon Yonson's name on fruit in
das country means more as if Y'ork's name
vas on dom. But in Chicago Yon Yonson's
name on hunny is youst bout so good som
nutting, cause dom peoples in Chicago don't
vas cultivate Yon Yonson's acquaintance lak
dom do York's. An if ay sen my hunny to
Mr. New York, an he put his name on it, an
den if it don't give good satisfaction den dom
peoples vil com aroun an do Y'ork's trashing
for notting. An Yon Yonson he plent lucky
dat he don't vas York.

Now, it ay vont to sell hunny to York, den
it is my bissnes to send him nise hunny, in
nise shape, and packed honest; an den if ii
bring more mony ma York's name den mine,
den he can give me more for da hunny. An
he mak more, too. An ay tank ve bote be
plent big foolish if ve don't git so much ye
can. All if Mr. New York can pay me more
for my hunny po das vay, den he iss velcome
to put his photograf on every box is he vant
to. An yust so long he can take der hunny
an pay vel for it, and sell it for good price,
he help keep der price up.

Yon Yonson.

and easy to r
If you work for UB. We will Btart you Id
DUsineBS and fumlBh ttie capital. Work
|Ught and easy. Send 10 centa for full
line of eamptea and particulars. <
DRAPER PUBLISaiNQ CO., Chlcaio, lilt.

478

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

1

Treatment of Bee-Stings.

Do wit rub the place when a sting is re-
ceived; (-h) nut resort to medicines applied
over the spot, as they can do little or no good ;
do not lose your temper. Do at once, if the
sting appears to be a severe one, and you have
time, scrape out the sting with the flnger-nail ;
grasp, with the thumb and linger, the skin
where the puncture is located, and raise from
the flesh underneath, and pinrli it hard, hold-
ing it firmly until, on letting loose, the pain
no longer returns. Resume your work with
the charitable thought toward the bees that
they do not sting you in a spirit of malice,
but in the legitimate defense of their home
and property.— D. A. McLean, in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.

Summer Dress for Bee.Keepers.

During the principal part of the honey-flow,
a prominent element of hardship is the en-
durance of the heat. Somtimes the heat has
really made me sick, so that in spite of a
press of work, I have been obliged to give up
work, and lie down for an hour or two. At
such times you may be sure that I am not
very warmly clad. One straw hat and veil,
one cotton shirt, one pair of cotton overalls,
one pair of cotton socks and one pair of shoes,
comprise my entire wearing apparel. Before
noon shirt and pants are both thoroughly wet
with perspiration.

In this heated condition, I sponge myself

6

12

% 4.00

$ 7.00

7.00

13.00

4.00

7.00

7.00

13 00

11.00

21.00

withN

icleus.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1

Honey Queens (Untested). .$ .75
*' " (Tested).... 1.25

Golden *' (Untested).. .75
" " (Tested).... 1.25

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after June 1.

Add price of any Queen wanted ■

Our bees are shipped in lig-ht shipping-'cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901,

Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to give 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached ray expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, 1901.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that yon sent my brother lakes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

oil with cold water before dinner, put on dry
eliirt and pants, and hang up the wet ones in
the sun to be put on the next day. I am sure
that by this refreshing change I am able to do
more work.

It might be thought that applying cold
water all over the body, when every part is
dripping with perspiration, might make me
take cold. I have never found it so, even if
followed up every day. The body is so thor-
oughly heated that it easily resists the shock,
and a brisk rubbing leaves one in a fine glow.
— Dr. Miller, in " Forty Years Among the
Bees."

Changing or Replacing Queens.

I do not think that the question of age
should be considered in the matter of chang-
ing queens, except so far as it may be taken
as a sort of a rule to judge of when they will
be apt to fail. I would not replace a queen
so long as she lays up to her full average,
especially at this time of the year, for during
the month of .June any queen that has even
less than the average value can supply eggs
which will turn out into bees at the right
time for the honey harvest ; while if a general
change is made, many colonies are liively to
lose thousands of eggs at best, and not only
this, the young queen is often very liable to
bring a lot of workers on the stage of action
in time to become consumers rather than
producers.

A change in early spring would have been
worse yet, as it would have resulted in a loss
of bees at just the time when each bee is of
the greatest value to push forward the rear-
ing of others for the honey harvest.

If queens must be changed I would advise
waiting till the harvest of white honey is
over, for the loss of eggs usually sustained
through a change of queens will then be little

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FEEE

To Our -Regular Pald-lu-Advauce -Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription must
be paid in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so when you order one
of these fine Queens.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

Send us Si. 00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4,00.
We expect to fill the orders almost by return mail.
_^^^_^__, Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the

v/~*' __-^^?l^^^^ '^ Queens that we will send you I Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinar Advertisers.

July 2.>, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

479

or no loss, as they generally hatch into larva?
at a time when said larvai have to be fed out
of the honey stored in the hive, while the
mature bees generally consume more of the
stores already laid aside than they add to
them. — i;. .M. Doolittle, in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.

Umbilical-Cordless.

■' Two and a half summers have passed o'er
my head.

And I know I am failing fast,"
A bright yellow cjueen ciuite mournfully said ;

•' My usefulness soon will be past.

"Just a few more eggs and my task will be
done,

And I shall call on the name of the Lord
For a gift to my royal descendants each one,

That new-fangled umbilical cord.

" Eggs in profusion I have laid in this comb,

And a powerful colony results;
Now the idea that I shall be cast out of home,

I consider the chief of insults !"

Then came a man with smoker in hand,

Without any other excuse,
Pinched off the head of that old Holy Land

As he said, " You are now of no use."

Death like a flash took her from dependence,

And without a whit of reward
Left each and all of her royal descendants

No hope of an umbilical cord.

A. G. Andersos.

Kendall Co., Tex., July 6.

National Convention Notice.

The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Los
Angeles, Calif., on August IS,. 19, and 20,
1S103, in Blanchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of the Association during
the convention will be at the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.

It is expected that this will be the largest
and best convention ever held by the bee-
keepers of America. Every one interested in
the production of honey should be present, if
at all possible. Besides the question-box,
which will be one of the special features of
the program, the following subjects will be
discussed in papers by the prominent bee-
Keepers mentioned. Afterward a free and
full discussion will be had by all in attend-
ance who wish to participate. The subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows :

" Honey Exchanges and Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers" by Prof. A. J. Cook,
Claremont, Calif.

" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif. Re-
sponse by E. S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.

"The Production and Sale of Chunk
Honey," by Homer H. Hyde, Floresville,
Texas. Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.

" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A. I. Root.

There will be reports by the officers, which
include Pres. Hutchinson, General Manager
France, and Secretary York.

The California bee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug. IS. No one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.

It is an opportunity of a lifetime to take

the trip to Calironiin, as all convention mem-
bers can avail ilicinselves of the low railroad
rales, as it comes :it the time of the Grand
Army meeting in Sau Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los .\ngeles.

For further information or particulars that
may be desired, address the Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago, 111.

(iKORGE W, York, See.

W. '/.. Hutchinson, Pres.

Clo.se Saturdays at 1 p.m.— Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the Ideal
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

5 the best,

most practical, lowest-price Carton for honey,
all thing^s considered; costs nothing. We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 3u years. We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this. Send
us five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample, together with explanation, and some
practical suggestions regarding- marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section. Established in 1870.

f1. R. WRIGHT, Wholesale Gommission,

Promptness A SrEciALTv. ALBANY, N. Y.
Hease mention Bee Jourual ■when ■writme

DEE-SUPPLIES!

Everything used by bee-1

mDER'S HONEY -JARi

service. Low Freight

NEW CATALOG FI

WALTER S.POUDER.

SI2.MA9S.AVC. INOUNkMLIS.IMB.

FHEE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested In Sheep In any waj
Ton cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

Wool Markets and Slieep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, fir8t,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested? Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND HEEP. GHICABO III.

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing' plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a refTular subscriber for send-
ing^ us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

ADEL QUEENS.

$"re?ou"ns:v..::..-.;...;::::...:....::::::*z^^^ 1 pdclof'^^^lmDrovedQueen-Rearino

Six Queens 5.00 to 50 cents per copy. Book sent free to all who-

Twelve Queens 9.00 | purchase three or more Queens.

Send for 25-pa&e Catalog.

30Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writing

HONEY AND BEESWAX

.MAKKKT QUOTATIONS

)

Chicago, July 7.— At present there is little
call lor comb honey, some new is offered, and
for fancy 14(§il5c per pound is asked. Extracted
sells at 6(ajt.^c for best white; amber grades,
5@6c, depending upon flavor, body and pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, June 30— No comb honey in this
market. New white comb would sell for $3.50
to $3 75 for 24-section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There is considerable extracted honey on the
market with scarcely any demand. Price nom-
inal at 5%(&t}]4c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25@30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., July IH.— We are receiving
some shipments of new comb honey, mostly
from the South; the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15(s46c. Extracted slow at t.@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we shall have to depend upon other sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of honey.
Beeswax, 30(gi32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1. — Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at 5H@65^c in barrels; white
clover, 8@'>c; supply equal to demand. Comb
honey, I5@16c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, July 8. — Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12'G'13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
5@S!^c for light amber, 5^@6>ac for white, and
the common Southern at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati, July ".—We have reached the
time when there are no settled prices in the
honey market. Everybody is waiting to learn
how the new crop will turn out, therefore we
will sell or ask .the old price. Fancy water-
white brings lS(gil6c. Extracted, amber, in bar-
rels, 5}i@5%c; in cans, 6@t)I4c: white clover,
8@.S}^c. Beeswax, 30c. C. H. W. Weber,

WANTED' Extracted Honey.

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee journal "when ■wntinfi:.

WANTED !

California Comb Honey in car-iots. it

win pay you to correspond with us.

THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

24Atf Ma.nz.^.nola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
PlezLse mention Bee Journal ■when -wTiting.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shippiny-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens,

Bec& and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $.00

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Ose - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalosr. d. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA,
yiease mention Bee Jotimat -when uniting.

480

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 23, 1903.

^^^^^^^^^^^

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so goo(3. If 3'ou buy of us you
'Will mot be dis^appointed.
W^e are under!«old by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; la its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oc^ds at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the frelg-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

♦'tease mt:)ntiOL Bee Journal "when "wntinR.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN UNDS.

Such inTestmeots are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages. Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HANSON, G.P.fl., Ghicago.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Jonroal.

A New Bee-Keeper's Song—

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey '

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

iWusIc by QEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

••THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

tiiiij^iAjg.jiUjemJAj/iJAja,jAja,js,ja.ja,ja,^e,^^

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

ami vo.i rMuy havt. part of It It ytm w.>rk
for UH. Unrltt Sam'B jfoultry product pa>M
that HUiii. tie iid 10c tor s&mpleB and partic
ulara. We furnish capital to start you In

business. Draper Pabll8hlii{Co.,Cblca(o,lll

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

26111
Year

Dadant's Foundation f^^

\Slt^ a\tt\T!\V\\^t^ ^nf icfjirf inn What more can anybody do? BEAUTY,

we gudrdnLce ^diibidcuun. purity, firmness, no sAaaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of complin

Because la 35 years

Send name for onr Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDpHes

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LanQstroth on bhe Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

f lease mention Bee Journal ■wlmn writing

>t.^.^.^.^i^.^.^.^MJ

Gleanings in Bee-Cuiture

JULY ISth ISSUE CONTAINS

A

5 TELEGRAPHIC
\ -S4REP0RTS...

A
A
A
A

y

Of the Honey Crop and Honey Markets all

over the country.

Save dollars by getting a copy.

10 cents

is the price. Number limited.

Tlie A. I. Root Companyp

MEDINA. OHIO.

■•^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"Shicago.'ilC

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO.
Send to them for their free Catalogr.

Nat'l Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 30, 1903.

No. 31.

482

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

I44&I46E'. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

R, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, bO cents a year extra tor post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

SnbscriptiOD Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rig-hts.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteratiou
of honey.

Annual Membership, SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z- Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, L/oveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTTLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

I^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the ofHce of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

oreUy thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fiisen it. Price, by mail, 0 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

ft Tested Breedino-Qyeen'ar GIVEN FREE

Until Sept. 1, 1903, with each

Stanley Queen Incubator

An Arraugemeat that Allows the Bees.Access to the
Cells and Queens at all Times.

(Patent Applied for.)

One of the greatest objections urged against
a lamp-nursery, or any kind of a nursery
where queens are hatched away from the bees,
is that the cells and their inmates are robljed
of the actual care of the bees. When the
bees have access to a cell, and the time ap-
proaches for the queen to emerge, the wax
over the point is pared, and, as the queen
cuts an opening through the cell, and thrusts
out her tongue, she is fed and cheered in her
efforts to leave the cell. A queen hatched
away from the bees loses all of this food,
cheer, and comradeship; and, until intro-
duced to a necleus, or full colony, has not the
natural food that she would secure were she
among the bees.

All of these objections are overcome by an
invention of Mr. Arthur Stanley, of Lee Co.,
111. Mr. Stanley makes the cell-cups accord-
ing to the directions given in Mr. Doolittle's
" Scientitic Queen-Rearing," sticking the base
of each cell to a No. 12 gun-wad. By the use
of melted wax these wads, with the cell at-
tached, are stuck, at proper intervals, to a
strip of wood exactly the length of the inside
width of a Langstroth brood-frame. Two
wire staples driven into the inside of each
end-bar, slide into slots cut in the ends of the
cell-bars, and hold them in position.

The process of transferring larv;c to the
cells, getting the cells built, etc., have all been
described in the books and journals, and need
not be repeated here. When the cells are
sealed they may be picked off the bar (still
attached to the gun-wads) ; and right here is
where the special features of the Stanley pro-
cess steps in. Each cell, as it is removed, is
slipped into a little cylindrical cage, made of

queen-excluding zinc, the cage being about
two inches long, and of such a diameter that
the gun-wad fits snugly, thus holding the cell
in place and stopping up the end of the cage.
The other end of the cage is plugged up with
a gun-wad. Long rows of these cages, filled
with sealed cells, are placed between two
wooden strips that fit in between the end-bars
of a Langstroth frame are held in position by
wire staples that fit into slots cut in the ends
of the strips. To hold the cages in their
places, holes, a tritle larger than the diameter
of the cage, are bored, at proper intervals,
through the upper strip, thus allowing the
cages to be slipped down through the upper
bar, until their lower ends rest in correspond-
ing holes bored part way through the lower
bar.

A frame full of these cages, stocked with
cells, may be hung in a queenle'ss colony, and
will require no attention whatever except to
remove the queens as they are needed. The
workers can freely pass into and through the
cages, cluster upon the cells, care for them,
and feed the queens after they hatch, exactly
as well as though the queens were uncaged.

These cages are unsurpassed as introducing
cages, either for fertile or for virgin queens.
The bees are not inclined to attack a queen in
a cage to which they can enter, yet they can
surround, caress, and feed her. They can be-
come acquainted with her, and give her the
same scent as themselves. When desirable to
release her, one end of the cage can be
stopped with candy, and the bees allowed to
liberate her by eating it out.

By putting food in one end of the cage a
queen may be kept caged, away from the
bees, the same as any other cage.

Price, $5.00 by Express,

(Jr with the American Bee .Journal one year — both for .*.">. 50.

Send all orders to

GEORG-E W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sm ion 25m soft

Sweet Clover |whitel....$ .75 $1.40 13.25 J6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80

White Clover 1.50 2.80

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pound
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILL

4.25 8.00
6.50 12.50
4.25 8.00

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this ** Emerson** no further binding is neces-
sary.

aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a g-ood time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. * l'is^T£B

'ow, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, JULY 30, 1903.

N0.3L

Editorial Comments

)

The Honey Crop of 1903, Prices, Ktc— Editor Root, ot
Gleanings in Bee-Culture, 6ums up the honey prospects and prices, in
the United States, as follows:

This has been a peculiar season ; but taking all things into consid-
eration, there will be more white-clover honey this year than last.
The season has been exceptionally good in a great part of the white-
clover region, particularly in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa,
Indiana, and Ohio. In some of the Southern States the season has
been poor. In the New England States there has been an almost com-
plete failure; but recent rains have toned up the situation so that some
honey will be secured. The yield of white honey has been light in
many parts ot New York; but as in the New England States, the re-
cent rains have improved the conditions, but not quite enough to af-
fect materially the crop of white honey, but sufficient to make, prob-
ably, a fair flow from buckwheat.

In Pennsylvania the season has been poor to fair. In Nevada and
Utah the season has been good, and the honey is of first quality. In
Arizona the flow has been less than the average. In Kansas and
Nebraska the crops have been light in most sections. In Washington
the season has been poor. Texas will not come up to the average.
Idaho has had a severe loss of bees. In Colorado there may possibly be
the usual crop, but the season was unfavorable in the early part of it.
In Southern California, notwithstanding the early prospects were so
tlattering, there will be only about a third of a crop. In the central
part of the State the season Is little if any better.

As to the quality, the honey will be extra-fine this year; and even
if there should be more of it this year than last, it will be so much bet-
ter that the prices ought to hold the level of last year, especially if
we take into consideration the general advance in other things during
the past year. In the Eastern markets, where production has been
light, there ought to be a general toning-up of prices. There will not
be a large amount of California honey shipped east this year, prob-
ably ; so what little honey is produced ought to bring good prices.

After writing the foregoing the weather turned cold, and this
seems to be general over a great portion of the United States. If this
cool weather continues it will chop the flow from white clover almost
square off. That being the case, the expected crop will not be as
large by considerable as seemed likely on the surface of things three
days ago.

Our own contribution to the reports as published in the July 1.5th
issue of that paper is this, dated July 1 :

Our reports show that the far East has practically no honey, and
the far West perhaps not more than half a crop. The central portions
of the country seem to be having an enormous flow ; especially is this
true of the locality within, say, : 00 miles of Chicago. The demand for
bee-keepers' supplies has not been so grea» in ten years. It seems
that everybody wants a lot of supplies, and wants them right away.
There seems to have been a great deal of swarming, and a good yield of
white clover. Personally, we have never seen such a perfect mat of
white clover bloom as there is in this locality this season.

We doubt if it is necessary for the price of honey to be lowered
very much, if any, from the price of last season. We think the peojjle
are ready to buy honey more freely than ever before. This, we think
will be especially true as the bulk of the honey produced is of white
clover, and that seems to be the kind preferred by the majority of the
jieople; at least they //a'«i- that is the kind they ought to have. The
joke is usually on them, as they are apt to cail nearly all kinds of
honey clover honey. There is practically no new honey on this mar-
ket as yet, but we suppose it will begin to come in very soon.

A Kobber-Cloth is one of the things that costs so little and is so
useful that no beginner should be without one or two. It is very

easily made. Here is what D(. Miller, the inventor, says about it in his
book, " Forty Years Among the Bees;"

I take a piece of stout cotton cloth (sheeting) large enough to
cover a hive and hang down four inches or more at both sides and at
each end. This must be weighted down at the side with lath, and for
this purpose I take four pieces ot lath about as long as the hive. I
lay down one piece of lath with another piece on it, and one edge of
the cloth between the two pieces ot lath. I then nail the two together
and clinch the nails. I use the other two pieces of lath for the opposite
edge ot the cloth. This makes a good robber-cloth just as it is, but it is
better to have the ends also weighted down, especially on a windy day.
For this purpose I made a hem in each end, and put in it shot, nails,
pebbles, or something of the kind, stitching across the hem here and!
there so the weighting material will not all run together at one side or
other. •

In any case where one wants to cover up a hive quickly against
robbers, as when opening and closing the same hive frequently for the
sake of putting in or taking out combs, this robber-cloth will be found
a great convenience. No careful adjustment is needed, as in putting
on a regular hive-cover, but one can take hold of the lath with one
hand, and with a single throw the hive is covered securely, with no
killing of bees if any should happen to be in the way.

Working for Beeswax as the Chief Crop, with honey as
a secondary product, is a matter often discussed, but seldom tried in
real practice. It is not impossible, however, that in some localities it
may yet prove practicable. The following upon the subject appears
in the Australasian Bee-Keeper;

In connection with the production of beeswax in the West Indies,
a suggestion has recently been made that — inasmuch as Muscovado
sugar can now be purchased throughout the West Indies in wholesale
quantities at from 3s. to 4s. per cwt., while beeswax is worth about .£8
cwt., and taking into consideration the fact that the honey-flow does
not exceed four months of the year in the most favorable localities — it
would pay well to feed the bees nearly all the year round either with
dry sugar, syrup or molasses, making the honey produced a by-product
and the wax the main product. It is said that it takes about 10
pounds of sugar to make 1 pound of beeswax, therefore should the
suggestion prove a practical one, it would be a great boon to West In-
dian bee-keepers, who would no doubt then import a species of bee
from India which is especially suitable for wax-production.

A Cure for Moths in Hives is often asked for, and the usuaJ
answer is strong colonies and Italian bees. But such a cure cannot be
applied in a minute, and in the meantime some help may be obtained
with trifling cost and trouble by rolling into the entrance ot the hive a,
mothball. This is recommended in the Australasian Bee-Keeper.

Direct Introduction of Queens is a desideratum worth
working for, and the following letter from Dr. Miller seems to give-
promise that it may yet be reached :

Mr. Editor: — lam sorry I cannot remember who it was that
gave us the hint that introduction ot queens was made more sure by
wetting the queens. He certainly deserves thanks. I tried it in a
considerable number of cases, and was successful in every case. But
in each case the bees to which the ciueen was introduced has been,
queenless a longer or shorter time, and a flood of honey was on, so.
that I could not be certain there would have been a failure if. the.
queens had not been wet.

I then determined to go a little farther, and drown the queen till'
apparently dead, and to put it to the severest test by giving a queen
to a colony immediately upon the removal of its own queen. I took
from a strong colony a queen that was in full laying, and gave it a
laying queen from a nucleus, with no delay except the time spent in
drowning the queen introduced — possibly three or four minutes. The
queen was kept in water till she curled up as if dead. Then I laid her
on the top-bar of the colony from which I had just removed the queen.
The bees went to licking her just as they would their own queen, and

484

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

in a minute or two she revived, and the next time I looked In the hive
she was laying all right. At the same time I thus introduced her, I
also introduced in the same way into the nucleus the queen taken
from the full colony, and with equal success.

I tried the same thing in two other cases. In one of them I used
cold water right from the well, and the queen was so long in giving
up that I put her in while still able to crawl. Success followed all the
same. But I was not so successful with the queens taken from the
lull colonies and introduced into the nuclei — at least as toone of them,
for unfortunately I lost track of the other. Whatever may have been
the reason, the one queen was missing from the nucleus when next I
looked for it.

It is possible that my success was exceptional in these cases, and
. that failures instead of successes would be the general rule. It is also
just possible that it all the kinks were thoroughly understood there
might be success in every case. I should prefer to say nothing about
the matter till after time to give it a more thorough trial, but if there
is any reliability in the plan it is better to know it as soon as possible,
and I hope others may aid in testing it. C. C. Miller.

Some Useful Hints About Using the Smoker are thus
given by Arthur C. Miller in the American Bee-Keeper :

But there are a number of little kinks which go to make the use
of any smoker more satisfactory, and the handling of bees more pleas-
ant. The first of these is starting the fire. Saltpetered rags will do it;
kerosene will do it; pine shavings will do it, but a handful of charcoal
(half-burnt twigs and chips from a bonfire) is by all odds the best
thing to put in on top of the rags or shavings. A few puils will
kindle the coal, and then punk, chips, hard wood or almost anything
that can burn will ignite and stay burning.

A maxim which every bee-keeper should paste in front of his bee-
veil is; Never open a hive without a well-fired smoker right at hand.
You may never need it, or life may depend on it. A really good, ever-
ready smoker is cheap at several times present prices. Never take the
lit smoker indoors unless you stay there with it. When through us-
ing it dump the fire and put it out, and if the smoker is hot, set it on
something which cannot burn. Leave the top oft and then you won't
have to bang it to pieces to open it when you want to fire up again.

Phacelia Tanacetil'olia. — The following has been received
from Dr. Miller;

" I notice that the seed of phacelia is advertised in the Bee Jour-
nal. I heartily commend a trial, if it be only to cultivate phacelia as
a flowering plant. Years ago, as well as the past winter, I cultivated
it as a window-plant in winter with satisfaction. It has a beautiful
blue flower, in appearance much like a heliotrope, and somewhat ap-
proaching heliotrope in fragrance, although I am not sure that it has
any fragrance when grown in the open ground. A few plants that I
had outdoors were busily visited by the bees."

The foregoing, while interesting to flower-lovers, throws no light
whatever upon the important question as to the value of phacelia as a
forage-plant. In Europe it is highly extolled as such, although the
testimony is not all to the same effect. There is probably little ques-
tion that it is one of the very best honey-plants, and (/' valuable for
forage it is an undoubted acquisition. Much doubt is thrown upon
this by the fact that California bee-keepers are silent as the grave
with regard to its value for forage, although the plant was introduced
into Europe from California. If any of the California people have
any knowledge about it, whether good or bad, they would be con-
ferring a favor to the fraternity in general by telling what they know.

Yield From DifTerent Cuttings of Alfalfa.— To th^

■question, "Which cutting of the alfalfa yields the most honey, the
first, second, or third ?" the Rocky Mountain Journal makes reply ;

The first cutting. The second cutting, supplemented by sweet
clover, is nearly as good, while the third cutting, coming so late as it
does in September, furnishes very little bloom : at least, such is the
case in northern Colorado.

Association Notes

The Los Angeles Convention, it all signs do not fail, promises
to be the greatest meeting the National has ever held. Here is what
(ieo. W. Brodbeok has to say, who is President ot the Calitornia Na-
tional Honey-Producers' Association, with headquarters in Los
Angeles ;

I am looking forward to a great meeting, and every one that I
meet informs me they are coming. So do not be surprised if you wit-
ness the largest gathering ot bee-keepers ever held in the United
States.

Now, do not imagine that our summer weather is so oppressive as

you find it in the East, for it is not; and then there is not a night but
that you will feel comfortable with a blanket as a cover. In fact, Cali-
fornia is becoming famous as a summer resort as well as a winter re-
sort. All who come should provide themselves with warm clothing,
for newcomers are very careless about becoming acclimated, and as a
result often suffer from colds, etc.

Advise all who come, to arrange their home and business affairs
so that they can spend some time here on the Coast, for they will be
sure to enjoy it, and should they fail to do this there will surely be
occasion for regret. Geo. W. Brodbeck.

The time is getting short now for preparation for attending the
convention. As suggested last week, we hope all who expect to join
the company of bee-keepers starling from Chicago the evening ot
August 12, will be sure to let us know by August 1, if possible, so that
we can arrange for berths, etc., here in good time. The travel on the
railroads at the time ot the convention will likely he very heavy on
account ot the G. A. R. meeting at San Francisco, so that arrange-
ments will have to be made a few days in advance in order to get the
accommodations that may be wanted. We are willing to do all we
can here in order to insure a comfortable journey for those who ex-
pect to go, it they will let us know in time. Of course, we can do
nothing for any one after August 10, and, as mentioned before,
all arrangements ought to be made at least a full week before starting
from Chicago.

A car-load ot bee-keepers going across the continent will in itself
be great for those who can join in it. To spend several days together
on a trip like that will be almost better than an ordinary convention,
e'specially it the company is as congenial as anticipated. It you can
get away at all it will pay you to go, as the trip is well worth taking,
and one that will be enjoyed all the rest ot your life.

In addition to those whom we have mentioned before as expecting
to go, are these :

Mr. and Mrs. R. J. McCoUy, ot Wood Co., Ohio.

D. J. Price, of LaSalle Co., 111.

M. Best, ot Lucas Co., Ohio.

Mr. and Mrs. Leo F. Hanegan, of St. Croix Co., Wis.

L. Highbarger, of Ogle Co., 111.

Constitution or' the Chicago-Northwesteen. — A request has
come in for the publication of the Constitution ot this Association. It
is as follows:

ARTICLE I.— Name.

This organization shall be known as the Chicago-Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association.

ARTICLE II.— Object.

Its object shall be to promote and protect the interests ot its
members.

ARTICLE III.- Membership.

Any person interested in bees may become a member upon the
payment of a membership fee ot one dollar (.51.00) annually to the
Secretary.

ARTICLE IV.— Officers.

Sec. 1. — The otlicers of this Association shall be a President, Vice-
President, and Secretary-Treasurer, who shall form the ex'ecutive
committee, and shall prepare a suitable program tor each meeting.

Sec. '2.— The term of office of all officers shall be for one (1) year
or until their successors are elected and qualified.

Sec. 3. — The election ot officers shall be by ballot at the annual
meeting, and a majority of votes cast shall elect.

Sec. 4. — Vacancies in office shall be filled by the Executive Com-
mittee.

Sec. 5. — The officers shall perform such duties as usually devolve
on similar officers in other organizations of bee keepers.

Any other questions shall be decided according to " Roberts'
Rules of Order."

ARTICLE V. — Place and Time of Meeting.

The place of meeting shall be in Chicago, 111., the first (1st)
Wednesday and Thursday ot December, or such other days as may be
selected by the Executive Committee, notice ot which shall be mailed
to each member ten (10) days before the meeting.

ARTICLE VI.— Order of Business.

The meeting ot the Association shall be as far as practicable gov-
erned by the following :

Call to Order.

Reading Minutes of Last Meeting.

President's Address.

Treasurer's Report.

Reports of Committees.

Unfinished Business.

Reception of Members and Dues.

Miscellaneous Business.

Election and Installation of Officers.

Papers on Assigned Subjects.

Discussion.

Adjournment.

ARTICLE A'll.— Amendments.

This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds (~^) vote ot
the membership in attendance at any regular meeting, provided that

July 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

485

notice of such proposed amendment be mailed to the members by the
Secretary not less than thirty (30) days before the next regular [iicet-
ing.

A bee-lieepers' association requires only the simplest form of con-
stitution for its government. The above is probably sullicient tor all
ordinary purposes. It may not be a.* elaborate as some people would
like, but in the five years that it has been used it has met every need
that has arisen.

We are often.asked for a copy of a model constitution for a local
bee-keepers' association. The foregoing can be used at least as a
start, and changes or additions can be made wherever it is thought
desirable.

Mr. N. a. Kluck as'.is the following question about sleeping on
the way to Los Angeles convention :

Does a " double-berth sleeper " mean that two can use it for .*(! to
California, all the way, or till we get there from Chicago*

N. A. KucK.

Yes, two persons — if not too large — can occupy a double-berth all
the way from Chicago to Los Angeles in a tourist sleeping-car for only
$0.00, excepting the extra stop-over and the trip to the Grand Canyon,
which would be -Si. 00 more for sleeper, and .*t3.50 more for carfare.

Sketches of Beedomites

mites ]

MR. J. Q. SMITH.

John Quincy Smith was born April 14, 1840, in Berlin, Mahoning
county, Ohio. When he was six years old his parents moved overland
in a covered wagon and located on a farm in Darke county, Ohio.
Here he attended the district school for several years. At the age of
14 he was apprenticed to learn tailoring at Greenville, Ohio, where he
worked at his trade until 1S04. Then he enlisted in the 152nd Ohio
Volunteer Infantry. When the war closed, in ISfiS, he went to Spring-
field, 111., and Oct. 31, 1800, married Miss Martha C. Busher of that
city.

Immediately after his marriage Mr. Smith came to Lincoln, 111.,
where he still resides and follows his trade, as well as bee-keeping.

In lsr4 he became interested in bees, traded a double-barrelled
shot-gun for three colonies, and procured a copy of " Langstroth on
the Honey-Bee " and other bee-literature, in order to understand api-
culture thoroughly.

He soon had an apiary of 102 colonies, which he Italianized in
1882. During this year he found to his dismay that over SO colonies
were affected with foul brood, leaving only 17 live colonies. He traced
the affection to the (|ueens he had procured from a noted queen-
breeder in southern Illinois.

In 1S8.5 Mr. Smith organized the Central Illinois Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation under the charter of which he was president until lSfl2,
when the Association joined the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Organiza-
tion, of which he has been president for the past six years.

Mr. Smith is a member of the Jlethodist church, and is also identi-
fied with a number of fraternal societies, and holds many respon,sible
offices.

Mr. Smith has three children— Oliver, a merchant tailor in Iowa;
Claudia, an accomplished young lady, who died at the age of IS, in
l.sy4; and Walter E., who Is at present engaged as junior member of
the firm of J. Q. Smith ifc Son. All were .graduates of the Lincoln
High School and Lincoln Business College.

Mr. Smith made the first exhibit of section comb honey at the
State Fair of Illinois, receiving the first premium of *5.00 on the same.

Mr. Smith was recently appointed inspector of apiaries for the
State of Illinois, beginning his work July 1. We have met him ai the
Illinois State Fairs and at meetings of the State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. He should make an ideal official in his work among the bees
and bee-keepers of Illinois.

To Test Seed.— Chas. R. Neillie, of Cuyhoga Co., Ohio, sends
us the following test for seed :

Lay two or more sticks on a bread-pan and fold a strip of woolen
cloth down between the sticks. Put seed in the folds of the cloth and
pour water in the pan till it just touches the folds. In a few days you
will see what percent of the seed germinates.

[ Convention Proceedings j

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.

Report of the Chicag-o-Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention, held in Chicago,
Dec. 3 and 4, 1902.

BY OUR OWN SHORTHAND REPORTER.

(Continued from page 470.)
REARING QUEENS IN CELL-CUPS.

" Can as good queen be reared from a small Doolittle
cup as can be from one as large as can be used, say 11-32
of an inch in diameter ?"

Mr. Stanley — That depends upon other conditions, I
think. The cell has nothing to do with the queen, to my
notion, so long as the queen is nursed and fed. The size of
the cup has nothing to do with it.

Dr. Miller — I should say in answer to that question that
there should be as good a queen reared if the larva is in a
worker-cell, because the bees don't keep it in that. The
authorities used to tell us that they turned three cells into
one. They don't do anything of that kind, not in my local-
ity ! They simply fill out, enlarge the cell a little at the
outside, and then fill them up, and the larva comes out to
where it is larger, and they may be in as large a cell as
they start in a queen-cell. I think Mr. Stanley is right,
that the first part of the cell has very little to do with it.

Mr. Abbott — Is that in any bee-book in existence ?

Dr. Miller — I don't know.

Mr. Abbott — I think that's brand new information.
Every authority says they enlarge the cell.

Dr. Miller— That's true.

Mr. Abbott — They say they tear down —

Dr. Miller — They say they make three cells into one.
They never do it. It's absolutely new.

Pres. York— This is the place to find out.

Dr. Miller — Any of them have eyes to see.

Mr. Abbott — They have had their eyes for years.

Mr. Colburn — If you will read Dr. Miller's answers to
correspondents you will find it.

EIGHT-FRAME VS. TEN-FRAME HIVES FOR COMB HONEY.

"Why are 8-frame hives better than the 10-frame for
comb honey ?"

Dr. Miller — Are they ?

Pres. York — How many think the 8-frame hive better
for comb honey than the lOframe ? Two.

Pres. York — Why do you think so, Mr. Niver ?

Mr. Niver— By trying 6, 8, 9 and 10. I got more honey
out of the 8.

Pres. York— How many think 10 frames are the best ?
A lot more.

Pres. York— Mr. DufF, what makes you think so?

Mr. Duif— Why I think the 10 are better ? I won't say
that they are better for all localities, but they are better for
Chicago. In fact, I proved that to my own satisfaction.

Mr. Colburn— If the 10-frame hive is better than the 8-
frame, how much better is it ? There are 25 percent more
frames, and we ought to get 25 percent more honey. Do
you get that much more comb honey ?

Dr. Miller — I don't know.

Mr. Wilcox — I have tried on both sides of this question,
but I think I can say that the hive which will give you the
most bees at the time of your harvest will give you the most
honey, and if your 8-frame is too small, then the larger
hive will give you the most honey, but if you use your 8-
frame two stories high it can be worked that way, and then
remove one story when you put on the supers, you will get
quite as much, and they are more convenient to handle. I
don't know but what I prefer that way, especially as I pro-
duce both comb and extracted honey, and because then the
combs are ready to remove and use for extracting purposes.
At the present time I am using them, although I did get
more honey when I used 10-frame hives than with 8.

Mr. Horstmann — I approve of 8-frame hives for comb
honey, provided you have the time to attend to them. You

486

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

can see very easily that you will get more honey in propor-
tion from an 8-frame than from a 10. You can rear all the
bees you want in a 10-frame. No reason in the world. You
can put a story under. You can make a 16-frame hive, and
take one story out when the flow begins, then you will have
all those bees to work in the super. I have run both 8 and
10 frame hives. I tested it, and I found out that my 8-
frame hives gave me more honey than the lOframe. I had
several 10-frame hives that gave me no honey, and only one
8 that didn't give me any, because they swarmed a great
deal. I let them swarm. I wanted some more swarms, but
the experience I had taught me that the 8-frame hives are
the best for comb honey. You have to produce 32 sections
in 10-frame hives every time you produce 24 in an 8-frame
hive ; that would allow four sections to a frame. I say that
if a bee-keeper has time to attend to 8-frame hives, give
them the proper attention, that he will get more salable
honfey from an 8-frame hive than from a 10-frame hive. We
know the bees have to fill these two extra frames with either
brood or stores before they will go into the supers. I noticed
also that the bees filled up the supers on the 8 better than
the 10, on account of their being a little bit crowded.

Mr. Abbott — You say the 8-frame hives are the best,
yet you compare a 16-frame with a 10.

Mr. Horstmann — Now, you take an 8-frame and put a
story under and that makes it 16; you take the extra 8
frames off when the honey-flow is gone.

Mr. Abbott — But the 10-frame man could add below, too.

Mr. Horstmann — He would have just as much work if
he wanted to handle dummies. You have a large super on
a small brood-nest — that's the disadvantage.

Mr. Wheeler — I use a different hive, consequently I can't
talk about 8 or 10 frames. When I want to enlarge my
brood-nest I put on top. I gauge the amount of brood by
my strength of bees. Very often in the spring I hive
some swarms in shallow brood-chambers. When the honey-
flow comes I take off when I want to.

Mr. Horstmann — Before Mr. France goes away I wish
to make a motion that a vote of thanks be given him for
his presence and instructive address on foul brood.

Dr. Miller — I take pleasure in seconding that motion.

Mr. France — I will say that these samples of foul brood
I have carefully selected; we have not had sufficient
light to see the disease in its various stages. For those of
you who will take care of them I will leave these samples ;
after thorough examination destroy it by fire. I want you
to see the scale by daylight.

Mr. Horstmann's motion was carried unanimously,
after which the convention adjourned to meet at the call of
the Executive Committee.

Contributed Articles

The Future of the National Association.

BV HERMAN F. MOORE.

IN view of the nearness of the annual meeting of our Na-
tional Bee Keeper's Association, at L,os Angeles, it may
not be out of order for a private in the rear rank to make
a few suggestions.

It seems to me that in view of the fact that there are
700,000 (or a few less) bee-keepers in one great country,
that as a class having certain rights and interests in com-
mon, they are falling far short of wielding the power and
exerting the influence to which they are entitled.

Notice a few of our commercial combinations to illus-
trate the fact that numbers, brains and money form a union
impossible to beat.

I wish briefly to note a few of the means by which the
objects of our National Association can be best carried out,
said object being. Promoting the intarests of bee-keepers;
protecting and defending the members in their lawful
rights; and enforcing laws against the adulteration of
honey.

First let us amend Article II of the Constitution, " Ob-
jects," so as to read as follows, after the word " honey,"
" and to procure the enactment of new laws whenever and
wherever necessary to protect the members."
c:3 But some one may say, "Let each State look out for

itself in such matters." The answer is, there are very few
States where the bee-keepers are prepared with either the
knowledge or money necessary to place a new law on the
statute books, about foul brood, or adulteration, or spraying
fruit-bloom. Witness our own State of Illinois with no
spraying law and until recently no foul brood law.

We as bee-keepers must stand or fall together, and only
by the united action of all can such laws as are needed be
speedily placed on the statute books of all the States.

Also let us amend Sec. 9 of Article V, last clause, so as
to read, " provided that not more than four assessments
shall be made in any one year, and no one to an amount
exceeding the annual membership fee, without a majority
vote of all the members of the Association." Money is
more necessary than any one other thing, and no beeman,
with his heart in the right spot would object to $5.00 a year,
if the Association opens a campaign of push, and goes to
doing things.

The air of our beloved land is full of electricity. All
know what great things are going on about us, and shall the
bee-people fall behind the procession ? No ! let us raise up
500,000 strong, and march to victory.

But how to get the 500,000. Ah, there's the rub ! Now,
in strict confidence, I'll tell you.

First, do you know that the price-lists of our hive deal-
ers, great and small, go to nearly 200,000 who keeps bees,
far and near ?

Do you know that the bee-papers are read by nearly
40,000 ? What an army !

Several years ago, when the writer was corresponding
with the General Manager regarding the prosecutions in
Chicago, he used this expression, "And we can have i,ooo
members of the Sational."' I well remember that he feared
he was guilty of unjustifiable exaggeration. And now we
have over the thousand.

Oh 1 my brothers and sisters in the sweetest, purest,
cleanest business on earth, let us remember, "according to
your faith be it unto you." Let us set our faces toward the
rising sun, and throw our caps high in air, and shout, io,ooo
members for the Natiofial 1

These are not idle vaporings. Let every bee-paper in
America be furnished with a copy for every issue, every
week or two weeks, or each month, for a column headed,
"What the National is Doing." Let the General Manager
be responsible for it, that everything of interest to the
members, even down to the smallest details, be set down in
this column. In our SO States there can be no lack of ma-
terial.

After seeing the National column appear for a few
months the 40,000 readers would get it into their heads that
there was a real., live entity bearing such a name. If these
all knew the facts about the acts and aims of our National,
as do you and I, they would all join, and we would have
40,000 members instead of 10,000.

I believe a mere request would give a page to the " Na-
tional" in every price-list mailed to 200,000. Think of it,
my friend ! If the National should pay 1 cent postage on a
circular to send to each one of these, and have a present of
the envelops, paper and printing, it would cost $2,000. Is
this not a field worth cultivating ?

So much for publicity, or promotion, as they said about
the World's Fair. How many of you know that they paid
Major P. Handy $15,000 a year for three years to do such
work for the World's Fair, and $100,000 expenses besides ?
(These figures are not accurate.)

There is unlimited room for growth of our local associa-
tions. We are somewhat abashed that our little Chicago-
Northwestern, 5 years old, has only 77 members to send to
the " National. " But if each State had an association of 77
members to join in a body, the National would have 37S0
members now. Cook Co., 111.

Honey Exhibits— Their Value and Advantages

(Ji'etid at the lust Minnesota Bee-Keeperx' Convention.)
BY WAI<TBR R. ANSBI.I,.

THE title of my paper might suggest that I propose tell-
ing you how to prepare for and put up a honey exhibit,
but such is not my intention. I should find myself up
against too many conflicting methods in the former, and
for the latter I possess no qualification. I wish to touch
more on the general principles of exhibit.s and, with a view
to discussion, to suggest to you some reasons in support of
my belief that honey exhibits are helpful to bee-keepers
and instructive to them as well as to tlie general public.

July 30 , 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

487

And I should like to invite your attention to some methods
for facilitating and increasing- such exhibits.

Exhibitions, besides their educational value, are very
useful as advertisements, and I also want you to view them
in this light. If honey could be produced as cheaply as
sugar, it might sooner be classed amongst the necessities of
life, and, as such, would require no especial advertising ;
and even now it runs sugar so closely in price that, its
superiority over the latter for many uses considered, it is
conceivable that if placed prominently, attractivelv and
frequently before the public eye, it would not be long in
commending itself more than at present to the public palate.
That is just what we want, and we must not neglect
any of the means at our disposal for effecting this object.
Of course we could all sell more honey if we could get it,
but I want to see both the demand and the price improve;
and-one will assuredly follow the other.

Without organized exhibitions the public would be de-
pendent upon the exhibits in their local grocers' stores,
alas ! too often a sorry recommendation.

I want them to get to know what honey ought to be,
both comb and extracted. I want them educated in a nice
discrimination between clean honey and dirty honey ; be-
tween thick and thin honey ; between pure and adulterated
honey, as you and I are educated. Then they will refuse
the leak}' or travel-stained combs, the thin, badly extracted
or adulterated honey ; a greater uniformity of excellence
will result, because we shall all be on our mettle to send our
honey to market in the best possible condition, and the
adulterator will sooner be discovered. Then will the de-
mand for good honey increase, and the slipshod bee-keeper
or dishonest trader be left out in the cold or have to amend
his ways ; and then we may confidently speculate on higher
and more uniform prices.

We can also ourselves learn a great deal from honey
exhibits, and, alas for poor human nature, more especially
from competitive exhibits. I have no doubt that if the
number of honey exhibitors at State and County Fairs
could be multiplied, it would conduce to far greater excel-
lence in all kinds and grades of honey. This, as I have en-
deavored to show, would give us bee-keepers better times ;
and, as the prosperity of a people is made up of the prosper-
ity of its units, so would the State be benefited.

And here I would touch on the encouragement which
should be given to honey exhibits by the State. I am not
competent to enter into a consideration of the objects and
the means at the disposal of our State Agricultural Society.
I only wish to throw out the suggestion that the more in-
ducements they can offer honey exhibitors, the greater
number of exhibitors will they attract ; and, possibly, by
an inconsiderably increased expense, an important advance
in their objects might be achieved.

An exhibitor's expenses are not light, especially if he
has to ship his honey from a distance. And when the value
of his time is considered, I am not surprised that many
shrink from the risk.

A fairly large exhibit can scarcely be put up by a coun-
try bee-keeper at our State Fair under an outlay for freight,
cartage and help of about S30 to $50, irrespective of the bee-
keeper's own time ; at least such is my own experience. Of
course we must not expect a guarantee of indemnification ;
I only suggest that the State might help us a little more if
we are willing to help ourselves.

To those of you who have not yet become exhibitors at
the State Fair let me throw out the suggestion that you just
trj' once. Not necessarily a large exhibit, but an excellent
one. You could send up a case or two of different kinds of
comb honey, or a box of extracted honey in glass at an ex-
pense of about a dollar ; you need not come yourself, though
of course we should all be glad to see you ; and you might
gain SIO or 520 in premiums. Then you would come next
year yourself with a much larger show, and I can assure
you of a great welcome from present exhibitors.

If there were more entries made, we should certainly
receive greater recognition from the Fair Committee.

As I think there must be some here who are not well
acquainted with the various classes of the products of the
apiary in which they can c.ompete for premiums at the State
Fair, I have brought some of this year's premium lists
which are here on the table and entirely at your disposal.
Mr. Gordon, superintendent of our building, who I am glad
to see is here, will, I am sure, with his usual good nature,
answer any question for your guidance.

I.:, But there is another kind of exhibition which I feel
sure we might try on our own account ; and that is a per-
manent honey exhibit in the city. In fact, a honey ex-
change, where honey would be bought and sold, wholesale

and retail, at fixed prices for various grades of honey with
the assurance of obtaining the best possible prices, and an
advance if needed. There would be full security for his
honey to the producer and to the buyer for the purity of the
honej'. I can assure you it is no infrequent thing to see a
farmer bee-keeper bring up a load of excellent honey with
his team, and, after applying at two or three grocers' stores,
sell the lot to one of them at 20 percent less than he would
get if he took it to a reputable commission firm.

Or our honey exchange might take the form of a honey
department in connection with some large grocery concern ;
and in either case my proposition is distinctly a business
one, and one that would be readily backed by a bank.

I feel sure that if this Association would appoint a
really live committee we could have a honey exchange, a
permanent honey exhibit, established in time to receive
next year's Minnesota crop. Branches would of course be
established at some of the larger provincial towns to receive
the near-by crop, but in all cases exhibition would be our
advertisement, combination our strength, and good man-
agement our salvation.

Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters

CouJucted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, III.

She Lives With Her Bees.

J

I have enjoyed our department in the American Bee
Journal so thoroughly as a " silent partner " that I had not
thought you would care to hear from me. I always enjoy
the " Reliable " reading. That is my way of attending the
National Convenion and other bee-keepers' conventions,
and I feel almost a personal acquaintance with all the writ-
ers, and have often wished I could write as others can. I
have not a faculty for expressing my thoughts in writing,
and, besides, I have very weak nerves and am obliged to
write with a pencil. Death has claimed so many of our old
members this year, that it makes one feel sad. They were
like old friends. Yes, dear sister, you are fortunate indeed
to have Dr. Miller to advise and help you. May you keep
him many years. I always enjoy his department.

I have kept bees about 13 years. My son started me in
bee-keeping and I had everything to learn. I made a great
many failures, but finally became reasonably successful. I
have about 40 colonies this spring. They are in as good
condition as can be expected. They have had plenty of
dandelions to work on. The rain spoiled the " Hum of the
bees in the apple-bloom," and now white clover is coming
on, but it rains and the wind blows night and day.

I do all my work in my apiary, also scrape all the sec-
tions and pack all the honey in 12-pound cases, and what I
don't sell here at home I ship West. Yes, I stamp my name
on my cases, but not on the sections. I am the only bee-
keeper within the city limits, and I very seldom see any of
the farmers that keep bees. They have no use for a bee-
paper. They understand the whole business and bring
their honey to the stores just as it comes from the hives !

I put up my own shipping-cases and thought I was
quite a bee-keeper until I read Sister Griffith's letter. It
took all the conceit out of me, but it was grand. I am 60
years old. How happy I would be if I thought I could care
for my bees till I am 75. It won't be long. Years go so
rapidly. I live out-of-doors with my bees all summer.

Crawford Co., Wis. Mrs. Paul Barrette.

If the others enjoy your letter as much as I have, you
need not worry about not having the faculty for expressing
your thoughts in writing.

Bee-Keeping- in Early Days— Clipping Queens.

The American Bee Journal has always been interesting
to me, and for years of its youth I was a subscriber to it,
but for some cause it was discontinued till I sent for it this
year. I see it was established the year I was married, so it
is of long-standing.

The Sisters' department is interesting. It is always
the first I look for when the paper comes, and I hope it may
continue. I can hardly remember the time when I did not

488

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^AL.

July 30, 1903.

have something to do with the bees, as my father kept them
when I was a child (but, of course, in the old style). When
we wanted some honey to eat the sulphured sticks
were called for and placed in a hole in the ground and set
on fire, and a hive of bees placed over it and smothered,
then the honey taken out. When I began keeping bees I
got the movable frame and began reading bee-literature
and have read some every year since, but I feel I have only
made a beginning. I think the Sister's department might
be improved by having a little more of it.

I have never kept over 40 colonies, and last fall I put
into winter-quarters 33 colonies. Four died and three are
weak. I have always wintered them out-doors, and some-
times the hives would be nearly covered with snow for
weeks, and it would be more work for me to get them in
and out of cellar, as I am alone and do all the work myself,
since my dear husband left me for a better world than this,
nine years ago,

I have not been so fortunate as to get the big yields
that some we read of have, but they are not only beneficial
in giving me a little "pin money" but in helping me to go
without my crutches, as there is nothing better for rheuma-
tism than the sting of bees (at least with me). I expect to
keep bees as long as I am well enough to care for them.

Bees built up nicely this year on fruit-bloom, but our
surplus is from white clover, and basswood has been thinned
out very much.

Seeing many kinds of machines for clipping queens'
wings I would say for the benefit of beginners, don't buy a
machine but use what the good L,ord has given every one of
us, our two fingers and thumbs. My plan is to pick the
queen off the comb with the thumb and finger of my right
hand, and place her feet on my first finger of the left hand,
and then fasten them with the thumb, when, with a small
pair of scissors in the right hand, you can easily cut off one
of the large wings. As there are four wings cut one each
year till she is old enough to be replaced by a young one. I
have never made a mistake but once, and that was my first
experience. I cut off one leg with the wing, but she did her
work just the same. Mrs. R. A. Huntington.

Genesee Co., N. Y., June 1.

So you think the Sister's department might be improved
by having a little more of it. Well, if the sisters continue
to increase in their contributions as they have been doing
lately, we may have to petition the Editor for more room.
[We have no objection to being petitioned. — Editor.]

Bees Unusually Cross.

For those who have bees enough to occupy all their
time, there are some unpleasant features connected with
the work not realized by those who have only a few colo-
nies. For instance, to-day (July 17) we went to the Wilson
apiary. It was cloudy and chilly, not a fit day to work with
bees, but the work must be done. I can't say that the bees
were exactly glad to see us, but certainly gave us a warm
reception, and they were all at home.

We are having a good honey-flow, but it seems to me
that our bees are unusually cross. In taking off honey we
have not used an escape of any kind so far this year. Sim-
ply set the supers of honey on the top of the hive and let
.bees run out when they please. An easy way to take off
honey. They can sit there all day long and not a bee will
touch them. Not a trace of robbers. Something we have
not enjoyed in years. And yet, as I said, the bees are un-
usually cross. I can't account for it.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for SI. 25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Ke]ial»le "' ?eeQ throut^h New and I nreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Kural, Tult-du, Ohio.

NOT AN OFFENSIVE SWINDLE — BEE-I.ARV.E.

To Mr. Stachelhausen : The word "swindle" was not
used in its offensive sense. It shall be recalled — although it
was not, I think, used in such a way as to lead to bad opin-
ions, either of that method of rearing queens or of the prac-
titioner. Page 3S6.

And so we're all growing older (no possible swindle
about that) and as the bee-larva grows old the nurse grows
old, too, and a suitable modification of the kind of food
comes very naturally. Quite likely there is something in
that, and a something most of us had not thought of.
Would not apply so well when the nurse, after having
reared one set of charges, begins again. Page 359.

FEEDING GRANULATED HONEY.

In feeding candied honey as directed by A. C. F. Bartz,
on page 360, the greatly diverse character of candied honey
must not be lost sight of. Some is sharply granular, and
some has scarcely a trace of a granule — and all grades be-
tween. The granular sorts, bees are much inclined to kick
around and waste. Presumably Bartz's method would go
nicely with the non-granular sort of honey. Page 360.

BRILLIANTS FOR BRILLIANT BEE-FOLKS.

A lamp-pendant hung to one's hat for bees to aim their
stings at ! And sure the public will think we are chickens,
and that the dingles are to scare hawks away ! Still, let
some of the boys and girls try it and report. Brilliants, I
believe they call those things. If you happen to be more
brilliant than the brilliant,why, then.we must conclude your
experiment inconclusive. Page 366.

VENTILATING HIVES FOR MOVING.

Ventilating for journey by lifting the cover a little
crack but not quite enough to let the bees out — how about
that ? Might do for a few hives, new and perfectly true.
With such hives as a good many of us have the " critters '"
would get out at twists and blemish spots, I fear. Ventila-
tion through wire, and every opening just as tight as you
can possibly get it, is likely to remain the orthodox way.
Page 371.

HABIT AND HOLDING THE SMOKER.

And Ernest says, "Thumbs up — next the fire." A burn
on one of the fingers that writes this testifies that I am one
of the t'other ways. That does not prove that the t'other
way is the better way. Never gave the matter much
thought. It would not be surprising if the exact best way
depended on the make or shape of the individual smoker.
And if I'm wrong wil4 the advantage of being right pay for
the trouble of breaking a settled habit which is likely to
prove stubborn ? Page 372.

ORGANIZING TO CONTROL SALES AND PRICES.

Mr. Hutchinson's reasoning, as to the necessity of or-
ganization to control sales and prices, seems to be crushing.
Hardly feel like talking back to it. But still my indepen-
dent heart within me pleads that I absolutely won't go in
myself. 'Specls there's more of us. Page 373.

FORCIBLE WORDS ON HEARING QUEENS.

Those are very strong and forcible words of Mr. Alley's
on page 375. " Natural for bees to rear queens when they
have no queen ; but very unnatural to rear them (except at
swarming-time) when there is a queen in the hive." And
he gives us his testimony for what it is worth, that queens
reared out of swarming season over an excluder are poor,
with very rare exceptions. *

DESERTION OF FORCED SWARMS.

The man who for eight years has made from 100 to 200
forced swarms every year is the one we want to hear from.
And he finds desertion next day one of the greatest draw-
backs. I note with interest that colonies intending to
swarm next day or soon, desert much worse. That's kind

July 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

489

of an ugly point. The colony that inclines to swarm next
day is just the one we need to attend to.

That 40 pounds of honey put below when a full set of
drawn combs is used — Mr. Davenport speaks as if that was
a crusher. Will it not g'O upstairs, the most of it, when tlie
brood-nest expands ? It seems to me that it will. Possibly
the particular strain of bees one keeps makes a material
difference at this important spot. Page 374.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

It Is Poul Brood?

I have had 2 colonies in my apiary in common boxes.
About Mny they acted as if they had foul brood. Still, in
June they both put out a g'ood swarm. A great many bees
may be found around on the ground. What can be the
trouble ? California.

AxswEK. — It is impossible to tell from the data given.
It may be paralysis, and it may be something else. It
would be well for you to send to the American Bee Journal
for Dr. Howard's book on foul brood, and inform yourself
thoroughly so as to tell whether foul brood is present. They
might swarm in spite of foul brood.

Increasing and Improving Stock.

I am a small bee-keeper and want to increase and im-
prove my stock. I bought some ([ueens and made nuclei, x
took three frames of bees with the frames 'i or -'( full of
sealed brood and introduced the queens. I made it all right
except they weakened down. I should like to know how to
remedy this. I followed " A li C of Bee-Culture."

1. How can I keep them strong enough ?

2. How shall I build up those I have made ? I have
my fine queens in them, but they are very weak.

3. I got one of the old queens in the new hive through
mistake. Can I put her back, or will I have to introduce
her back ? Arkansas.

Answers. — 1. If there were bees enough to care for the
brood, you will probably find that as soon as the brood has
time to hatch out they will be strong enough to build up.
The trouble probably was that in starting the nuclei you
took brood and bees from a colony having a laying queen,
and took no precaution to make the bees stay, and so a large
part went back to the old hive. You should fasten in the
bees for a day or two, and then so many will not return.
Neither will so many return if you make the colony queen-
less two or three days before taking away the bees.

2. Give them each a frame of sealed brood, and when
enough bees hatch out to care for it, give more.

3. If there is no young queen yet reared in the hive, she
can probably be put back with no other precaution but to
destroy the queen-cells. If, however, a young queen has
been reared, you must remove her and introduce the old
queen.

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEI-BEE FREE

To Our Regular Paid-iu-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth SI. 00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription must
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 'o pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, .■?2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing: Advertisers.

490

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP<4

UniED STATES^AND WORLD,

WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF

Glilna, GuDa, Fono Rico, TUg miilDDlnes, Hawaii, and fliaska,

illy prepared to meet the demand for a flrst-elass map that will f?ive a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, a

ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions. Very usetul in every Home an«l Office.

60x46 II^CIIES II« SIZE.

Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.

1 ri€: ,»«. ^^

Plates

are works of art.
The engraving is
plain, bold, and
decisive. The color
work is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.

Perfec-
tion and
ArMsUc
Elegance

a salient feature
•of this map not ap-
proached by any
similar publica-
tion.

No Home or Business House
should be without it.

i».

Ar

I !^i~^~J

Tsr ^l

f J- \ * '^ I o j|

, ~U Ja\'^°NTANA j " ° » ^

-~-_^ j 1 J SOUTH I * I.WISC0N6

'\ r I NEVADA ' '"l I'.ii^RAsTA ' ° « «> , , I

l'\ I'^tah!

; /COLORADO

■ ^ ~i 1 "J '%v^^"'l-'^~v^'^^ -x

! NEW r 1"°"^ |J/t /TENNESSEE/ c A B_0 l- ' " "^-^^

-J K f ,* I ARKANSAS/

■■Mexico' ^-J ••■^ ' ^ -f '

T"" YlLUNOSl

;^a\iy .

' / j -J Kf^ lARKANSAsi '^ f south -yj \J*^ Co,

(■MEXICO! ^-UCj { i\ *\ X""''"^ General MAP

§ ^ a ' GEORGIA ^ r" Of TUB

A

.^i^

IVlcirginal
Index

is one of the in-
valuable features.
It gives an al-
phabetical list of
countries, their lo-
cation on map,
style of govern-
ment, population,
area, products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.

It has been pronounced a J3C JSC JSC

Photograph of the World

The 1900 Census J?*: v^C

of the largest American Cities is given.

One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
in equally good map of the world. Statistics on the population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

1901 EOIXIOM. — Every reader should c-»'=iSult it every day. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc. Especial attention is given to th. topography of the country ; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated. The leading cities and towns are shown, special attention being given to those along lines of railroads. The
Canadian section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked. The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.

On I lie reverse side is tlie I.,it>rary Map of the World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
*ver produced. The political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined in colors. The ocean currents are clearly shown and
named. Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given. A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world. A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. Xhe Inset IMaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors. They are placed in convenient positions around the
United States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain understanding of our possessions. An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.

35©" Two map? on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express ; or we will

forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each ; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W, YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

July 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

491

Tliousands of Hives - Millions ot Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not sellinp goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowH, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Please mention Bee Journal -when wiitinc

Natick House,

Cor. First and Hain Sts.,

HART BROS.

LOS ANGELES.

Proprietors.

Hotel," remodtled; 75 additional rooms, all newly furnished. Everything
Elevator. American plan, $1.25 to $3.00; latter includes suites with private

"The Popul
strictly first-class
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the National Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention,
Aug-. 18, 19 and 20.

fjease mention Bee journal when WTitine-

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with Sl.OO ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuolei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Oise - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen j sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

CLEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesday. fluQ. 12tti, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.

(Spend ^Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car ....

Fridau,

flUQUSl 14tli,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Ang'eles
Tuesday, August 18th,

Round Trip— Los Angeles, 5"o"d"LUno*c°totlr',5th,
San Francisco, L"r°I?ng°*..^°""' $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, $2.00.

J. M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE

109 AdamsSt.
Chicago.

larshfieid MaDnfactnring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. 'We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufactttrlag Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wten writine.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

]

White Clover a Big Crop.

My Ifees are doing well. While clover is a
Ijig crop here, and sois basswood bloom. I
have SI colonies, old and new. and it makes
me a lot of work. Elisha Bailey.

Erie Co., N. Y., July 20.

WoFkinpr on Red Clover Leaves.

For about ten days my bees have been bring-
ing in honey from the second crop of red
clover; now this is nothing remarkable, for I
have seen them doing so for more than '20
years past; but recently, passing through a
field of clover in Ijloom, I stopped to watch
them and to my surprise I fodind them work-
ing not on the blossoms i"(( on the leaivs. This,
I confess, I had never seen before. On closer
examination I found the clover leaves covered
with small plant-lice, and the under leaves
covered with honey-dew (so-called), very
similar to that found frequently on the leaves
of the hicltory, oak and other trees, though
the honey is not so dark colored as from the
leaves of trees.

Now this is something new to me. Have
any of the readers ot the American Bee .Jour-
nal observed the same ? Not one bee was
working on the blossoms, and will not, I sup-
pose, as long as the secretion continues, as it
is more abundant and more easily obtained.
E. T. Flanagan-.

St. Clair Co., 111., July 15.

Relies on the Buckwheat.

The weather is, and has been, very unfav-
orable here throughout the season, and it is a
wonder to me that our bees have done as well
as they have. We will have a little honey,
anyhow, but I rely more on the buckwheat
than on anything else for surplus and winter
stores. Friedemann Greiner.

Ontario Co., N. Y., July 15.

White Mulberries for Bees.

Having mentioned the subject of white mul-
berries in previous numbers of the American
Bee Journal, I wish briefly to reiterate my
confidence in the fruit as a remarkable honey-
producing bee-food. My third year's practi-
cal observation more strongly convinces me of
its great utility. Those who do not avail
themselves ot the hints before given regard-
ing this very valuable tree stand greatly In
their light. Suspicion of personal gain— that
there must be a '-colored artist" in the

Visit Our Exhibit

?^^''?./d'".'"H,lc!S^my^o'-£"w,r^'\n'^h;'i;AS:."'°''™"
PAiiK WOVKN WIUK FENCE CO., Ailrian, Mich.

r'lep'^e meution tsee Journal wnen wnUn^

and easy to make

ork for ob. We will etart you tn
itjuslnees and furnish the capital. Work
ight and easy. Send 10 cents for full

492

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

melon-patch — has, no doubt, deterred worthy
but timid bee-keepers from maliingtheexperi-
naent. Again I would like to assure them I
have no white mulberry trees to sell (or any
other sort), and in this instance, at least, have
not the least selfish scheme to promote. But,
having stumbled on a really good thing I
would like others to enjoy the certain benefits
that cannot fail to result in planting a hun-
dred or more trees as a sure honey-producing
supply. Last year I sent out some cuttings
to some 50 applicants. 1 promised one and in
each case sent three cuttings to make sure —
simply on receipt of postage — with the ex-
pressed desire that the recipients write me
results, that if not successful I might mail
them a young rooted plant, which I was rais-
ing from the seeds purposely to present them.
How many heeded my request * Not one ! It
has settled my enthusiasm ; I offer nothing
more — plants or cuttings.

I am glad to have had some bee-keepers
come, talk and inspect the facts. A Mr. Owen
and his son were over during the full fruitage
of the tree — the only bearing one I have.

My bees are doing splendidly. I am feed-
ing them crashed white mulberries everyday,
besides their natural forage. 1 have taken
off some flne^Jhoney and expect considerable
more in early fall. The ripening berries will
last another week or two — generally for five
weeks during the season, in which time, if
fed plentifully to the bees, tangible results
are certain to follow.

Probably here endeth the last chapter of
Peiro's Epistle to bee-keepers concerning the
white mulberry as a honey-provender. Selah.
F. L. Peiro, M. D.

(Beedom Boiled Down J

BOYS

naa. Send os 10c a
•vinplesto work with.

DRAPER F

WE WANT WORKERS

BoyH, (Jirls, oMandyounKalikb,
make iin)ney working for ue.
fDrDbh CKplt&lf

Merits of Black's and Italians.

L'nder all circumstances, the Italian prob-
ably comes as near being the "all-purpose''
bees as docs any variety. The Italians are
amiable in disposition, and very industrious,
but they have their limitations.

The Italians are not as good comb-builders
as the black or German bees; they dislike to
store their honey far from the brood-nest, and
are inclined to fill the cells so full of honey as

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long--todgued
(Moore's), and Select.StraijrUt
S-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2?i> miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, bO cents each ;
TESTED, $1.25 each. Dis-
count on lar^e orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SI>RING HII,!,, TENN.

BtlTer for full inatructlonB a

eol

PUBLISHINO CO.,Clilcaio,llI.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRIN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old Americati Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Mm>% Queens,

Bred from best Italian hodey-gathering stocky
and reared id FULL COLONIES by best known
metbods. Guaranteed to be g-ood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.

CHAS. B. ALLEN,
18Atf Central Square, Oswego Co , N. Y.
ipi.ease nieiitioi Be«.>oanial 'wrien 'WTitJ.f^.v

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of poods
wanted and let us quote vou prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog-.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuiiate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6^ inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.

227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Flease mention Bee Journal \7lien -wrltliis

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS d« g'v«"

I was showi
ug everything" io
will order more

ig- my father yesterday ho^
my apiary. Sand me 4 Bucl
after next extracting.

Sterling, t^A., June 29, 1903.
ch I boug"ht from you, were out wor
;r and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italian
THOS. H. KINCADE.

BuckeyeStrain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians— None Superior. .*. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for ;....$ 4.00 1 Tested, $1.50 each: 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for 5.00 \ Select Tested, $250 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut,

CINCIINIMATI, OHIO.

Please mention Bee Jouriial wten wrttlca

Dittmer's FonodatioD !

This foundation is made liy a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Retail i
the thinnest base,
other make.

Working «-ax into Fonndation tor Cash a Spet-ialty. Hees-wax
al^vays granted at liigliest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples. FKEE on application.
E. GK....OKH .^ CO., Toron^o,_^Ont.,^ ^^^^^^ q^^ DITTMER, AugUSta, Wis.

July 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

493

QQSQQ«QQQQSSSQS%%aSQQQQSSQSSQSQQ

Everything

FOR BEES...

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Catalog with hundreds of
NEW illustratioas FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

•5-:-*

AaeNCIES:

P'oster Lumber Co.,

Laraar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co.,

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren.

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

KnoxviUe, Iowa.

QQSSQQS^i'

iftftftftftft!

iSSSSQQQS!

;SSQ«SQSSSSQ«9QSSQSaQGQ«QQSi

I

Please Mention the Bee Journal I^I?rSSr^f.

4i>\i/\i/\l/\lAi/U/ViAli\iAl/\i/ilA^/\t/V^/\t/UA

i liimM Honey For Sale i

BEST-

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey JX

This is the famous
White Extracted
Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who cares to eat
honey at all can't
get enough of the
Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
Honey J^

This is the well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the rich, nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

:-^ YVrite for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested. ^

^ A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. ^

S S

^ Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. ^

^ We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^

• enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^

^ above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^

^ this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. ^

i^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111. S'.

Qneens lowReady to Supply bu Return lail

Golden Italians

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,

75 cents ; 6 for $4.00.
r> J Citwrctf CitiCkCki^C which left all records behind in honey-
■V^i^U WlUVer V^UCClldf gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
C rk ff\ i/-kl a f^ £7 — They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WCirni(jiana than aU others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-2148 Central Avenue,

CINCI^NATI, OHIO.

'has. F. Muth aod A. Muth.)

to '^wy tin- ^I'jLled combs a darker appearauce
than tliiit trapped by the blacks, the latter
leaving a little air-space between the capping
and the honey, thus giving the combs a
snowy-while appearance. The blacks are
good worliL-rs when the harvest is abundant
and near ai liand, but lack the slaying quali-
ties ot tlie Italians when nectar must be
searched for far and wide. For the produc-
tion of extracted honey (that thrown from
the combs by centrifugal force, the combs be-
ing returned to be refilled) the Italians are the
ideal bees, unless it may be in the warmer
countries, as in Cuba, where the honey-flow
comes in winter, and as the Italians are apt to
slack up in breeding as the season advances,
the approach of winter finds the colonies too
weak in numbers to take advantage otthe
harvest. — W. Z. Hutchinson. In Country
Life in America.

Don't Invite Trouble.

Some bee-keepers imagine that because the
National Association has always been
triumphant when there has been an effort to
drive some member, or his bees, outside the
corporation, they can keep bees in almost any
way in almost any situation. I am glad to
see that Manager France does not propose to
defend every member whose bees are declared
a nuisance, regardless of whether they are
a nuisance or not. All bee-keepers well
know that a large apiary might be so managed
as to become a terrible nuisance to near
neighbors in a city or village. I investigated
a case last year in which the bee-keeper was
decidedly to blame. He even went so far as
to stir up his hybrids purposely, on hot after-
noons, that he might hoot and jeer at his
neighbor when they had to " cut for the
house." Then he boasted that he belonged
to the National Association, a thousand strong,
which would stand by him. It stood by him
by advising him to move his bees out of the
village. Of course, this is an extreme case;
but we all know that, even with the best of
management, bees will sometimes prove an
annoyance, if not a nuisance. — Editorial in
the Bee-Keepers' Review.

Feeding Back Extracted Honey.

Feeding back extracted honey in order that
comb honey may be obtained is something
that has tjeen tried by very many ot our best
apiarists, and still remains, if I am right, an
unsolved problem with some of those who
have tried it. Some have reported success
and others a failure; but it I am right again,
and I think I am from what I have read and
heard, those who consider it a failure, to a
greater or less extent, far outnumber those
who considLT it a success.

From my experience in the matter I feel
like saying that, if any one must feed ex-
tracted honey to his bees in order that comb
honey may be produced, it could be better
fed in the spring, in order to hasten brood-rear-
ing, thus securing multitudes of bees in time
for the honey harvest; then by putting on the
sections in the right time, a large crop of comb
honey may lie secured if the flowers do not
fail to bloom or secrete nectar.

My experience led me to believe that it is
better to secure the honey in the sections in
the first place, rather than have it stored in
frames of comb, and then thrown out with
the extractor that we and the bees may go

494

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

through with much labor and stickiness to
secure the same thing which might have been
secured without all this trouble.

The practice of feeding back Is on the
principle of producing two crops in order to
secure one, and it seems strange to me that
any one would argue that such a course would
pay in the long run. Even under the most
favorable circumstances, such as having the
bees finish nearly completed sections of honey,
I could not make it more than barely pay, if I
counted my time what it was worth to me in
other ways. At the close of certain seasons,
when I would have a large number of unfin-
ished sections, many of which were so nearly
finished that a few ouncee of honey would ap-
parently finish them, it seemed that it might
pay to feed a little extracted honey to finish
such; but after a careful trial of the matter,
covering a period of some fifteen years, I fin-
ally gave it up as not being a paying invest-
ment, even in such cases, to say nothing
about extracting with the view of feeding the
honey for the bees to fill sections with from
start to finish.

It Is generally conceded that the best results
can be obtained by feeding the extracted
honey right at the close of the early white-
honey harvest, so that the bees are kept ac-
tive.

It is generally thought best, I believe, to
take away all frames except those which are
quite well filled with young brood, when pre-
paring the colony for feeding back, using
dummies in their places; but if all the combs
are filled with sealed honey, except those
which the brood occupies, these combs of
honey will answer as well as dummies, so far
as I can see. You might try both ways, and
then you could tell which you like best,
should the thing prove a success in your
hands.

I think all agree that this honey should
be thinned to the consistency of raw nectar,
if not a little more, by adding the necessary
amount of warm water.

Only the amount needed for feeding at one
time should be thinned, or two feedings might
possibly answer ; for if the thinned honey is
allowed to stand long in warm weather it is
quite liable to sour and spoil.

Almost any way of feeding will do. I set
an empty hive at the rear of the one being fed,
making a communication between the two at
the bottom so the bees could come in where
the feed was. In this empty hive I placed
division-board feeders to a suHicient number
to hold 25 pounds of the thinned honey. This
whole 25 pounds would be carried out of the
feeders the first day, and usually nearly the
same amount the second 24 hours, but later

Sections, SUlpping-Gases,
tioneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper.
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
4f)Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Please mention Bee Journal -when WTitlng

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

' and you may huvf part ()f it If ,V">i work
for us. Unclt- Ham H poultry product [hijh
that BUm. Send Ilk- for Hanipleti and partic
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in

inesB. Draper PublishloKCo.tCblcago.lll.

f lease mention Bee Journal -wnen ■writma

ADEL QUEENS.

One Queen $1.00

Three Queens 2- 75

Six Queens S 00

Twelve Queens 9.00

Have reduced

Improved Queen- Rearing

to 50 cents per copy. Book sent free to all '
purchase three or more Queens.

Send for 25-page Catalog,

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■wTitin&

FREE=

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raohic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of \nk.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.

As they make a line of uni-
form M'idlii at all times
they are unequaled tor
ruling purpose!^.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $3.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

I'lfe peno"' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Calitnrnia^ H yon care to know of Iti
CaillUrnid l Fmlts, riowers, Climate
or Resources, send for a sample copy of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Horticultural and Agricultural

Eaper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
andsomely Illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam.
pie copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal.

BEE^^SUPPLIES!

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

SQtSQQSQCSSSQQSaOQ!

MouniUnionGoiieoe

$

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will prf sent you with the first t5 you
take in to start you in a good paying husi-
Send 10 cents for full line of samples

Lono Tonoues VaiuaDie

South as well as North,

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. MooKE.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id regard to queens purchased of you. I coutd
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

l>aughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and'other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box I, Morgan, Ku.

SlAtt Pendleton Co.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested In Sheep In any way
you cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United States.

tVool Markets ancl Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, flrst.foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND HEEP. GHICABO. ILL.

WARM YOUR HOUSE

«tlow cost by usini; tin l.KAUEK stul Funimc
Saves coal, time, trouble. Send for free li;">l;let No 17
He.. Wiu-mlne «nd Vvntltutliie Co., Chleaso. III.

IVeaCiy from stock ihat for hardiness and

food workmg-qualitii
(iffice, Cleveland, Teuii

for ITALIAN QUEENS

hat for hardiness and
s second to none. M.O.

. Bradley Co., Tenn.

July 30, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

495

on they would not carry so fast, when only
what Ibey would nearly clean up each day
would be fed, as the thinned feed is liable to
sour in the feeders, if the bees are several
days in taking it out.

This fed-back honey is far more likely to
candy or become hard in the comb than that
put in the comb at the time it is gathered
from the fields.

When first taken from the hive it looks
very nice and attractive; but when cool
weather comes on in the fall it assumes a dull,
unattractive appearance, thus showing that
the honey has hardened in the cells; while
comb honey produced in the ordinary way is
still liquid, and will keep so from one to three
months after the fed-back article has become
so hard as to become almost unsalable. — G. M.
Doolittle, in (ileanings in Bee-Culture.

Close Saturdays at 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our offlee and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the loteal
bee-keepei's who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

National Convention Notice.

The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Los
Angeles, Calif., on August IS, 19, and -JO,
1903, in Bianchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of the Association during
the convention will be at the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.

It is expected that this will be the largest
and best convention ever held by the bee-
keepers of America. Every one interested in
the production of honey should be present, if
at all possible. Besides the question-box,
which will be one of the special features of
the program, the following subjects will be
discussed in papers by the prominent bee-
keepers mentioned. Afterward a free and
full discussion will be had by all in attend-
ance who wish to participate. The subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows :

" Honey Exchanges and Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers" by Prof. A. J. Cook,
Claremont, Calif.

'• How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif. Re-
sponse by E. S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.

"The Production and Sale of Chunk
Honey," by Homer H. Hyde, Floresville,
Texas. Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.

" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A. I. Root.

There will be reports by the ofBcers. which
include Pres. Hutchinson, General Manager
France, and Secretary York.

The California bee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug. IS. No one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.

It is an opportunity of a lifetime to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of the low railroad
rates, as it comes at the time of the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.

For further information or particulars that
may be desired, address the Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago, 111.

George W. York, .See-.

W. Z. HUTCUIXSON, /■)•[■«.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July anil August. 1 6 12

Honey Queens (Untested)..? .75 $ 4.00 $ 7.U0
** " (Tested).... 1.2S 7.00 13.00

Golden " ( U atested) . . .75 4.00 7.00

" (Tested).... 1.2S 7.00 13 00
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders, f3.(.>0 each, after JFuue 1.
Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.
Our bees are shipped in lig'ht shippiug'-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.
Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.
Dear Sir: — I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to g'ive 6 of them more room,
as they were hanging out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, lOOl.
Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before

May 15. Send money by P. O. Monev Order or

Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal when "WTitinc

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAmT Farweir m'bT

Plea*5e mention Bee Journal "wnBu "WTitina.

if you >vant the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

A New Bee-Keeper's Song —

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey'

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by aEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only IS cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St.. - CHICAGO, ILI*

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to inetii th.*.' who work (or as. Cow keepers al ways

We furnish capital. Send
full line of samples and particular.

DBAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO.. Cfaiugo, Ills.

il:

HONEY AND BEESWAX

.MAKKET QUOT.ATIONS

Chicago, July 20.— Some consignments of the
crop of 1''03 are offered on this market, the
comb id the majority of cases No. 1 to fancy,
and the quality of the very best. It is many
years since this neighborhood yielded in qual-
ity and quantity as now. Demand has dot come
for it at the present moment, but will within a
short ii>n?, as it is bein^ told that an abundant
harves; of fancy honey is upon us. Prices asked
are from UfailSc per pound. Extracted sell&
slowly at 6ra'7c for fancy white, S(a*6c for amber.
Beeswax, 30c per pound.

R. A. BURXETT & Co.

Kansas City, June 30— No comb honey in this
market. New white comb would sell for 13.50
to $3 75 for 24.section cases; amber, $3.25 to $3.50.
There is considerable extracted honey on the
market with scarcely any demand. Price nom-
inal at 5%(^t%c per pound. Beeswax in demand
at 25@30c. C. C. Clemons &. Co.

Albany, N. Y., July IS,— We are receiving-
some shipments of new comb honey, mostly
from the South; the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c. Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of hodey in this vicinity is very light,
add we shall have to depend upon other sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of honey.
Beeswax, 30f^32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, June 1.— Very little change in
market from last report. We quote amber ex-
tracted grades at sk@6Hc in barrels; white
clover, Sialic; supply equal to demand. Comb-
honey, 15©lt>c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co

New York, July 8. — Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,.
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and I2f(^13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from-
S@5!'^c for light amber, 5!^@o!«gc for white, and
the common Southern at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.

Hildreth <fe Segelken.

Cincinnati. July 20.— The demand for honey-
continues slow. New extracted and comb be-
gins to be offered largely. Prices show a down-
ward tendency. Extracted sells at the follow-
ing prices: Amber in barrels, 5@5>^c; alfalfa,.
6J4c; white clover, l(q,~%c. Comb hodey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@15c: no demand for
lower grades. Beeswax, 2"@30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

WANTED ' Extracted Honey >

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Please mention Bee journal when wntina.

WANTED- Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dctlers id this article
owding as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Alf Manzanola, Colo , or Fairfield, III.
Please mentson Bee Journal when "WTitani*.

wanted— Extracted Honey,

Mail sample aad state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-»8 Central Ave.. Cincixnati, Ohio.
24At£ Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— To buy direct from bee-keepers

unextracted, dark-color honey put up in large

barrels. Car-load lots. Pay spot cash. Write

if have or when have honev State price.

T. S. LEYIVIEL,

411 Northampton St., Wilkese..ikre, P.4.

Please mention Bee Journal "When "writinp

Please mention Bee Journal when writing

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

496

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

July 30, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so gooi'. If j'ou buy of us you
'\t'i3I mot be disiiappointed.
"Wc are undersold by no
one. Seni] for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for befjinners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co..

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gkrrish, Epping, N.H., carries
t catalog- prices,
le fretg-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼I

Flease mentiOL Bee Journal "wKen ■wntuifc.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
, New subscriber to the Bee Journal
>for a year at $1.00; or for 11.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
"South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling lor prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft.H.HflNSON, G.P.ft.,GhicaQO.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

I ARISE

boOLlTTLE...

is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from his choice honej-
ga-theriag stock, by re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices :

1 Untested Queen . .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.2S
1 Tested Queen .... 1.2S
3 Tested Queens.... 3.00
1 select tested queen l.,?0
3 " " Queens 4.CJ
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00

Circular free, giving particulars regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc. Address,

Q. M. DOOLITTLE,

2')Dli Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Hease mention Bee Journal when writlug.

tis,ja^ia,ja,ja,^a,.ys,ja,jfi,ja^ifi,ja,ss,ji^^

26tll
Year

Dadant's Foundation f^.

We guarantee Satisfaction. JT^'if^T^.^RMNEE^'.^.'slaailm'''

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

AA/^hv Hn<^e W aeW cr» \»7f>IIV Because it has always given better satls-
VYIiy UUCA IL sell »U WCII r faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog^, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SuDplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Egg-s
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Revisc^cl,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

vrvi''9r'si^9i^rrvp'9r'si^'sr^''9rv(^vr^^'iir'9^^

i Honey

ll Reports

^»

WA

II Dealers in

% Bee-Supplies

m
P

P

Cornell
Smokers

Cartons and
Labels

Shipping-
Cases

It will pay you to get a copy of July ISth
Gleanings in Bee=Culture, which contains Tel-
egraphic Reports from all over the U. S. up to
the time of going to press. Price, 10c. Don't
sell a pound of honey till you read it. See what
parts of the country have a scant supply.

It will pay you to write us before completing
your arrangements for next year. We can't
supply you with wholesale lists at present, for
our supply is exhausted, but now is the time to
begin to make arrangements for 1904. Tell us
how large a trade you have, where you have
been buying, how long >ou have handled sup-
plies, and give us references.

Ask any one who has tried the new Cornell
Smokers how it is liked. There are none better
at any price. Don't take our word for it, but
try one. If not pleased you can have your
money back.

Don't forget to order a good supply of Car-
tons and Labels. Our new label catalog has
many attractive designs. Get the highest price
for your honey by putting it up neatly.

Our very popular NoDrip Cases are still far
in the lead. One order alone received a few days
ago calls for 20,000 of them, enough to hold 20
cars of honey.

Whenever you require bee-goods we are here
to serve you.

The A. I. Root Company,

MEDINA, OHIO.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO. ^^h^icaIo^ll"''

see

m

psJS are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to
SiSi them toi their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convert lion at Los Angeles, Aug. 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 6, 1903.

No. 32.

498

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 6, 1903.

PT7BLISHBD WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,
OEiOR,Ca-E -W. "2-OI3/IC.

DEPT. EDITORS.

Dr.C.C.Mii,ler, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-son

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates, will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect aod defend its members iu
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer,

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

E^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing lor a beekeeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
~,» — a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

Ready for Immediate Delivery.

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices:

One Nucleus for $4.50; or 5 at $4.00 each.

With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SEINT BY RETIRN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMOUG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is fl.OO, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent oflfer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those-who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. 6, 1903,

No. 32.

Editorial Comments

]

The LiOS Angeles Xational Convention — Aug. IS, 19 and
20. We suppose a great many bee-keepers, especially all over the
Western part of the country, are getting ready to go. It will be a
wonderful trip for those of us who live farther east. And those Cali-
fornia folks are all ready to welcome the buzzing crowd.

It probably will be the regret of a lifetime to those who could go
if they would try, and fail to make the effort. There is still room in
the special bee-keepers' car going over the Santa Fe, and leaving Chi-
cago the evening of Aug. 13. If you are going to join that company
in the greatest trip a lot of bee-keepers ever took across the continent,
let us know quick, and we will reserve a berth for you.

, The round-trip rate from Chicago to Los Angeles is J50, and $6,00
extra for berth. For the Grand Canyon trip (where we will all spend
Sunday, Aug. 16) the extra cost for carfare and berth is .?8.50.

Since our last issue, the following have notified us that they will
join the party leaving Chicago on Aug. 13 for Los Angeles :

N. E. France, of Grant Co., Wis.

Geo. S. Church, of Winnebago Co., Wis.

Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Tallady, of Emmett Co., Mich.

Time of Taking Off Sections. — Just when it is best to take
off a super of sections is not an easy thing for the novice to decide,
and indeed one of considerable experience may sometimes be puzzled
about it. If one waits till every section in the super is fully sealed,
some of the central sections will be sure to have the cappings dark"
ened, and it is a question between unsealed sections at the outsides
and darkened sections at the center.

It is better to be too early than too late, for a few unsealed cells
will not hurt the sale as much as the darkening. Take off the super
when the four sections at the corners are still incomplete, or even
when the entire row on each side lacks a little of being finished. Then
fill up a super with these unfinished sections, and return them to the
bees to be finished. Do not fill the super entirely with sections that
are filled, lacking only the sealing of a few cells, but let the outside
sections be such as are only half filled or less. Indeed, it may be well
that the four corner sections shall have only foundation in them.
Then there will be no temptation to leave the super on till the central
sections are darkened, and the outside sections will give a chance for
some storing, being returned again for finishing.

Detecting Foul Brood.— On another page of this number will
be found a very practical article on foul brood by R. L. Taylor, copied
from the Bee-Keepers' Review, which is especially instructive in the
matter of detecting the presence of the disease. Read it, whether you
have any present interest in such things or not. No telling how soon
you may need knowledge about such things, and need it badly.

A Good Cement for fastening the handles of knives, forks, and
other things that have become loose, is said in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper to be the following; Four parts of resin, one of beeswax, and
one of brickdust, melted together.

The Use of Smoke on Bees.— A. J. Alden sends a clipping
from Farm and Ranch containing this paragraph from Heddon's " Suc-
cess in Bee Culture : "

" Take the average colony of blacks or hybrids, have your smoker
in good trim, blow smoke across the entrance, and if no honey-flow is
on, into the entrance; then noiselessly pry up the cover and pour two
or three good puffs of smoke into the top of the hive, when you can
handle your frames rapidly. But half smoking such a colony will
make perfect terrors. With the gentler bees less smoke is needed,
but the method should be the same. This can be done quickly. Smok-
ing the entrance starts the panic, and the smoke on top of the frames
completes it, and also gains the complete surrender of the crossest
hybrids."

Mr. Alden's comments, " This is a little different from the ac-
cepted rule: ' Never be rough with bees nor fight them.' "

There is really no conflict between the rule and Mr. Heddon's in-
structions. It will be noticed that he has in mind gentleness of move-
ment, even when dealing with cross bees, for he says to pry up the
cover noiselessly. Giving smoke may or may not be considered fight-
ing them. No more smoke than is absolutely necessary should ever
be used, but with cross bees it is much better to give enough in ad-
vance to make sure of subduing them, for once thoroughly aroused, it
will take more smoke to control them than if a sufficient amount had
been given at the start.

Judgment and no little experience is needed in the use of smoke.
Some bees need little or none when conditions are favorable, the
weather hot and honey coming in a flood. If a queen is to be found,
an overdose gf smoke will prevent finding, for when the bees get to
running like a flock of sheep you may as well close the hive till another
time. In this regard there is no difference in individual colonies. A
very little disturbance will set some colonies on a stampede, while
others with more disturbance will remain quietly on the combs.

Adding Supers Under or Over.— The practice followed by a
large number has been, when giving additional supers, to put the
empty super of sections under the others next to the brood-nest, ex-
cept near the close of the honey-flow, when the empty super is put on
top. This practice will probably continue, in spite of the claim by
some that better results can be obtained by giving the empty super al-
ways on top, and never allowing a colony to have more than two su-
pers at a time.

But there seems to be some tendency to depart from what has
been the general practice with regard to the arrangement of the supers
tiered up other than the empty one. That practice has been to have
the oldest super at the top of the pile, the next in age immediately be-
low the upper. Instead of the continuance of that practice it is likely
to be reversed, the empty super being next to the brood-nest, the one
next above it being the one nearest completion and so on. This will
sooner secure the finishing of the super earliest given, while at the
same time the empty super under it will prevent the darkening of the
comb in the nearly completed sections.

Bee-Stings That We Do Not Ijike.— The following is an
editorial from Gleanings in Bee-Culture by the younger Root:

It there is any place over my whole body that I do not like to get
a sting outside my face it is up my sleeve on my wrist. Ordinarily I
never take any precaution about putting on cuffs or extra sleeves that
are bee-tight; that is, fitting closely around the wrist. But last week
when I went down to the yards (it was just after a rain) the bees were
particularly cross. Two or three got up my sleeve and stung me on
the wrist. I paid little attention to the matter, although 1 suffere'd

500

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 6, 1903.

considerable pain. Examination showed that one of the stings was
right in one of the blood-veins, and another near one of the nerye-cen-
ters. The next day the arm seemed to be lame, and what was strange,
there were sympathetic pains in the other arm in exactly the same
place as in the other. Hereafter I shall wear tight-fitting sleeves, or,
better still, long sleeve gloves with the lingers cut off at the ends; and
this reminds me that they are used by a very large number of practical
bee-keepers. It behooves us all to be careful not t3 get any more
stings than is absolutely necessary, for the effect of the accumulated
poison may be serious in its effects in after years, as it was in the case
of Langstroth and some others.

And, by the way, should these sleeves be treated with any prepara-
tion like linseed oil, paint, or any other substance to render them
more sting-proof * We have been sending out for a couple of years
special bee gloves that were soaked in linseed oil, but it always seemed
to me that the oil would make the sleeve warm, causing undue per-
spiration to the parts protected. My own notion is that a sleeve made
of heavy ducking, not treated at all, would be better than having
something that would make the fabric stiff' and unwieldy. We should
like to get the opinion of our subscribers, as we are thinking of get-
ting up a special bee glove, or sleeve, with the fingers cut off, for a
very large class of bee-keepers who are looking for something of just
this kind.

The elder Root, unless he has changed his mind, rather scouts at
the idea of even wearing a veil. It may be a question whether our
good friend, the younger Root, would ever have gone so far away
from the traditions of his father as to contemplate the wearing of
gloves if he had not been so reckless as to wear such loose wristbands
as to allow the entrance of bees. There is no need of that for any pur-
pose, and the ordinary wristband large enough to let the hand through
is nothing less than an urgent invitation for bees to enter. And they
are not slow to accept the invitation.

Farther than close-fitting wristbands, however, many of the vet-
erans would object to any protection for the hands. The discomfort
of wearing gloves on a hot day would to .them be greater than that
from a few stings that might be received duripg the course of a day in
working with bees of reasonably decent temper.

If gloves must be worn, they are much better to have the tips of
the fingers cut off, thus taking away the chief clumsiness of working
with gloves. Some, however, especially among the sisters, would ob-
ject to having even the tips of the fingers bare, their object in wear-
ing gloves being hardly so much to avoid stings as propolis.

Automobiles for Out-Apiaries, in preference to horse-tiesh,
seem now to be possibilities in the not distant future. There is no
question as to their advantage in one respect— they will never get
frightened, run away and break things because attacked by cross
bees. With horses there is always some anxiety in that regard. The
main objection to the use of automobiles at present has relation to
expense. Editor Root views that part of the subject hopefully. He
says:

Already the operating expense is far below that of a horse. We
hear a great deal about expensive repairs, and they are expensive if
one does not understand something of machinery. The process of
simplifying the auto is going on all the time, and the repair item will
grow less. Already there is a very good machine offered at retail for
$275; quite a number at $550, and a host of them at *7.50. The cost of
operating a gasoline-vehicle is about a halt a cent a mile, of the run-
about type. Figure up the mileage of your horse, cost of keeping,
including the labor every day, or two or three times a day, whether
you use it or not, and see where the figures are. When the automo-
bile stops, the only expense is the interest on the investment, and re-
pairs, and these last may or may not be a large item. It can lie idle
six months. My auto is kept in a little room, and sometimes during
bad weather it stands for days without any one going near it; and yet
it is ready for me almost instantly when I am ready tor that.

The price of automobiles has dropped some *200 or $300, on run-
abouts, this year, already. Millions of money are being poured into
the industry. It will not be long before Yankee genius will be able to
turn out a machine so cheaply that every one can have one who can ■
afford a horse and buggy and a barn. No, throw the barn out of the
account. But whether the automobile will be able to go over any
roads that a horse and buggy can is doubtful. Good roads and auto-
mobiles mMs( go hand in hand. There is no use in buying an auto-
mobile unless you can have better roads than where the mud is half-
axle-deep. ^^^^^^__^__

"Queen-Right Colonies" is what F. Greiner, in the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper, calls colonies that are all right as to having a laying
queen. This is a useful innovation from the German language. The
word " queenless " is used with regard to a colony that has no queen,
but heretofore we have had no word for its opposite. The new word
"queen-right" means more than the opposite of queenless, for if it
merely means that it would include colonies with virgin queens or
with drone-layers. But in one word it expresses the fact that a queen
is present and that she is a normal laying queen.

To Stop Robbing, G. Small gives the following in the Austra-
lasian Bee-Keeper :

At night close up the robbed hive seeing that there is a iiueen and
a good supply of food, then let it remain for three days, open it at
night again to let the bees have some fresh air or to feed them, but
closing the hive again before the other bees are on the move ; by this
you keep out all " robbers " which will be seen flying round in dozens ;
with the hive being closed they find they cannot get in to plunder and
kill, and will leave the hive entirely master of the field.

This simple but effectual way has been tried by the writer with the
robbing in all stages, and according to these stages the longer or
shorter time you will require to keep the robbed hive shut up, in some
cases three days, six days, or even ten or twelve days are required for
treatment to prove successful.

Continued long enough, the plan ought to work well ,with any
colony having a good queen, but there would be sometimes danger of
suffocation. It would be a good deal of trouble to open the hive every
evening and then close it again for ten or twelve days, and it would
for some be easier to put the colony for that length of time in a cool,
dark cellar. But if the colony be thus moved, an empty hive should
be put in its place, otherwise the robbers will make a severe assault
upon a neighboring colony.

The Honey-Flow and Swarming in Illinois and adjacent
States are somewhat unusual. The general rule is that when the bees
get to storing heavily they give up swarming, but this year the heavy
flow seems only to make them worse. Can any one tell why?

Swarms in Chimneys and Walls of houses are not confined
to California this year. Throughout the white clover region of Wis-
consin, Illinois, and Indiana, they are unusually common. One cor-
respondent reports five in his vicinity.

Miscellaneous Items

]

A Bee-Keepebs' Picnic will be held by the Southeastern Minne-
sota Bee-Keepers' Association at Homer, on Aug. 25, 1903. All bee-
keepers are invited to be present. It should be made a great day tor
all the bee-folks in that neighborhood.

The Sisters Department in this journal has the following
kindly mention by Stenog in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

From a very modest beginning. Miss Emma Wilson has made her
department, '• Our Bee-Keeping Sisters," one of the best in the " Old
Reliable." Miss Wilson's scholars ask a good many practical ques-
tions which are ably answered.

Eugene Secor, of Winnebago Co., Iowa, has an interesting arti-
cle on " Some of the Benefits and' Pleasures of Bee-Keeping,"' in the
July 15th number of the Twentieth Century Farmer. The illustrated
original heading used in connection with the article is very attractive
indeed. All together it is an attractive as well as instructive contribu-
tion, and will doubtless incite many a reader of that excellent farm
paper to investigate the habits and work of the busy bees.

Mk. William McEvot, foul brood inspector for Ontario, Canada,
reports 220 colonies of bees, and hopes before long to increase his
apiaries to 1000 colonies. He says he has secured the largest crop of
honey this season he has ever had. The inspectorship lias kept him
from going as largely into bees as he would like to do. There are
few as prominent bee-keepers in Canada as Mr. McEvoy. He cer-
tainly has done a great work for bee-keeping in the Province of On-
tario. .

Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is

a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what

our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and

neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the

American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address

all orders to this office.

.< • » .

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Aug-. 6, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

501

Contributed Articles

J

Finding Queens— Pollen in Extracting-Combs.

BY C. DAVENPORT.

THOSE who have read what I have written iu the past
know that for comb honey I use and prefer the black or
German bee. And all who have handled black bees
know that it is a hard and of ttimes impossible matter to find
a queen in a populous colony without straining or running
the whole force through zinc. I keep all laying queens
clipped and generally go over the hives in the spring before
the colonies get very strong. But last spring it was so very
cold and unfavorable almost all the time that I disliked to
open the hives or disturb the bees as much as would be
necessary to find the queens. When I did start in at this
work most of them were fairly strong, and as soon as I
opened a hive and began to handle the frames the bees
would begin to boil up over the sides of the hive or collect
or hang in bunches on the bottom-bars of the frames, and
it seemed impossible to find a queen without the use of zinc.
I would attach entrance-guards to the hives, then shake all
the bees on the ground in front, and after most of them had
crawled through the zinc the queen could be found among
the few outside. But for some reason this method did not
work well this season. The bees seemed loth to crawl
through the zinc and in some cases a large part of them
would collect around or under the hives and stay there all
night.

So I devised or studied up another plan by which a
queen can be found so much quicker, that I am taking space
to describe it. It may be old to some, but I do not remem-
ber ever seeing it described. And, no matter how strong a
colony is, the queen can by this method be very quickly
found ; and the plan will, I have since found, work equally
well with a swarm if it is for any reason desired to find
their queen.

I took an empty hive-body and over the bottom tacked
or nailed an all-zinc queen-excluding honey-board. A tight
bottom was nailed on another empty hive-body and the out-
fit was complete.

The empty hive with the tight bottom was placed on the
ground in front of a colony and over it I would place the
other body on which the zinc was nailed. Now, if I have
made myself understood, it will be seen that we have two
empty hive-bodies with a sheet of zinc between the two,
placed in front or beside a colony whose queen it is desired
to find.

Taking out the first frame it is looked over for the
queen and if she is not found the frame and adhering bees
are hung or placed in the empty hive-bodies. This is re-
peated with all the frames unless the queen is found before.
We will suppose, which is usually the case with me, she is
not. If the colony is very strong and becomes much ex-
cited, a large number of bees will be running around on the
bottom-board of the now empty hive and collected on the
inside. The hive is now quickly picked up and set over the
one containing the frames, a sharp blow on each side rolls
what bees are adhering to it down among the frames, and
if there are so many bees on the bottom-board that the
queen might be among them without being easily discov-
ered it is held over the frames and the bees jarred off among
them.

The bottom-board and hive are now placed back on
their stand. With the left hand one of the outside frames
is raised up two or three inches, then with the closed right
hand the top-bar is struck a sharp, quick blow near its cen-
ter. One blow of the right kind usually clears a frame so
that a queen can be readily seen if she still adheres to it.
As fast as the frames are cleared of bees they are placed
back in the hive proper, on which the cover is now placed.

When I thought about this plan I was afraid that the
bees would, instead of crawling down through the zinc,
crawl up over the side. But in practice the most of them go
right down through the zinc so that the queen is readily
seen.

After the queen was clipped I would let her run in at
the entrance, and then dump the bees down in front and
they would go in sooner, for, of course, with this method,
they have no zinc to go through at the entrance.

A neighbor bee-keeper near swarming- time offered to
make quite a wager with me that I could not by this plan
find the queen in one of his strong colonies in five minutes.
In a trifle less than three I had found and clipped her,
placed the frames back in the hive and dumped the bees
down in front. But in this case I did not look the frames
over to find her. Some might, and in fact I had some fear
that it might, injure laying queens when jarred down on a
sheet of zinc in this manner, but out of over ISO so treated
not one was injured or lost, and they went right on laying
at their usual rate. By the entrance-guard plan, when a
queen stayed out over night before being found and clipped,
it would in some cases be a number of days before she
would resume laying as well as before.

POLLEN IN EXTRACTING-COMBS.

During the last few years I have produced considerable
extracted honey, and one great drawback about this branch
of our pursuit that I have to contend with is pollen in the
extracting-combs. Last spring I had about 500 full-depth
combs that were filled nearly solid full of pollen. The
method that has been described, of soaking such combs in
water until the pollen can be thrown out with the extractor,
is ain utter failure, so far as such pollen as is gathered here
is concerned. I gave the plan a most thorough trial last
spring in all kinds of variations. Some combs I soaked for
a short time, some for a few days, and some for over two
weeks, but in no case, where the cells were full or nearly so,
did it soften or loosen enough so that it could be thrown out
with the extractor. Where there was but a small amount
in a cell it would work all right. Some of these combs I
soaked in water and put them through the extractor three
times. Of course this removed some of it, but the larger
part still remained in the combs, and I found that combs
soaked in water soured and molded badly in spite of all I
could do to dry them.

The plan of giving these combs containing bee-bread
to the bees in order to have them use it up will not do here,
because, as a rule, there is too much of it gathered all
through the season. The only way I know of to overcome
or get rid of this, as it might be called, surplus pollen is to
shave or cut it out of the comb. I lay a comb down on a
board that just fits inside the frame. Then with the ex-
tracting knife I cut or shave the comb, pollen, and all down
to ' i or V of its original thickness. These combs are then
placed over strong colonies some time before the flow com-
mences, and the bees will usually dig out and throw away
what pollen is left before building out the comb again.
Southern Minnesota.

A Protest Against Unripe Extracted Honey.

BY R. A. BURNETT.

IN a recent number Mr. A. I. Root, in one of his Home
articles, spoke of a bee-keeper in Northern Michigan
who sold her honey in a perfectly raw state to a confec-
tioner, and that both the buyer and seller of said honey
seemed to be well pleased with their operations. " The
producer sold a much larger quantity of honey from each
colony of bees by taking it out of the combs before it was
sealed than if it had been sealed and allowed to ripen before
extracting."

Now, if there is any one thing that is more injurious than
another to the sale of extracted honey, it is unripe or im-
properly cured honey. I do not know that I have read any-
thing in a long time which annoyed me more than the pub-
licity given to that method of obtaining a large quantity of
honey.

I have for many years sold honey to manufacturers ;
but where they got uncured honey it had the effect of reduc-
ing their consumption in the near future, as it did not give
satisfaction in the product of which it was a component.

I will take the liberty of citing a most striking example
of marketing honey in a green state. Certain bee-keepers
in the main buckwheat sections of New York, in recent
years, got immense returns from their bees by taking oft"
the combs before the honey had been sealed, or very soon
thereafter. Some of them were called " Lightning Opera-
tors." Their honey was sold on the reputation that buck-
wheat honey had made for itself, that of being a good arti-
cle for baking purposes ; but after two or three years of dis-
appointment with buckwheat honey (that they got hold of)
these manufacturers finally determined that they would use
no more buckwheat honey, for of late it had been very un-
satisfactory in many instances. The result is, that for the

502

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug-. 6, 1903.

past two or three years these largest of consumers will not
have anything to do with honey that has any symptom of
buckwheat about it ; and as its use for other purposes is
very limited we have great diflficulty in disposing of it ; and
when we do it is at a low price.

I am firmly of the opinion that, had it not been for the
greed of these bee-keepers, buckwheat honey today would
be in as great demand as it was ten and twenty years ago ;
for at that time it was considered one of the best kinds of
honey for baking purposes.

Some mention has been made of late concerning Cuban
honey, or the honey of the West Indies, which honey has
also been largely used for baking. If these tactics of mar-
keting the unripe product are followed they will soon bring
the product of that section into such disrepute that honey
from the islands will be shunned just as buckwheat is in
the United States at present writing. Cook Co., 111.

[Mr. Burnett is entirely right, and we (A. I. R. and my-
self) wish to endorse his protest from beginning to end.
Mr. Root senior only meant to refer to what had been done
by one bee-keeper in Michigan ; but it is apparent the prac-
tice should be condemned just as vigorously as actual adul-
terating, for the one leads almost to as serious consequences
as the other. It is well known to the writer that some bee-
keepers in York State have been careless about putting out
unripe buckwheat honey ; they supposed that so long as it
was used for manufacturing purposes no harm would result ;
but if they could see some of the protests I have seen, they
would let the honey fully ripen in the combs before extract-
ing. It is true that the market for York State buckwheat
extracted has been injured almost beyond repair. In say-
ing this I do not mean to imply that all buckwheat from
that section has been unripe. — Ed.] — Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.

Foul Brood— How to Detect It. Hold It in

Check, and Finally Get Rid of It

With Slight Loss.

By R. L. TAYLOR.

" TF you had an apiary of 20U colonies with cases of foul
I brood scattered through it, how would you manage
throughout the entire season to get rid of the disease, or
to keep it in check ?" the editor asks me.

In the first place I would avoid, as far as possible, getting
into a panic. Foul brood is bad enough, to be sure, and its
cure entails considerable labor and loss, but it is, fortunately,
not without a remedy. I should try to preserve my equa-
nimity, and thoroughly mature plans for effecting a cure ; for
there must be no halting while taking any step in the
operation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE.

The first point that claims serious attention is the distin-
guishing of the diseased colonies from the healthy ones. This
is a matter that is attended with more or less difiSculty, at
any season of the year, but with more at some seasons than
others, except in cases where the disease has made consider-
able progress. In these cases, even one with no experience,
need have no hesitancy in coming to a correct decision. All
the ear-marks of the malady are but too evident : the weak-
ness of the colony, listlessness of the bees, the repellent odor,
the ragged cappings of the brood, the shapeless dead brood,
and the general unprosperous appearance of the combs and
the honey, make the diagnosis easy.

But if the colony be yet strong, and but slightly affected
with the malady, the case is quite different. If it be in the
fall, after breeding has ceased, or in the spring before it has
begun, the bees, owing to the strength of the colony, have
almost, if not entirely, removed the cappings from the dis-
eased cells, the odor is faint, if not practically absent, and
the colony appears prosperous, so that even the adept, on a
hasty examination, is liable to be deceived ; and one without
experience is sure to be. The diagnosis of those of this sort
is the most difficult of all, and the difficulty increases with the
slightness of the affection. How, then, may the disease be
discovered in such cases? Let us goto one of the colonies
badly diseased, and take from the center of the brood-nest a
comb — the newer it is the better — in which there has been
brood during the past breeding season. Now, we will hold it
in a good light, so that the light falls upon the comb not quite
perpendicularly, but at an angle of 70 or 80 degress from the
top of the comb ; now wo look down at an angle of about 40
degrees from the top of the comb into the cells, and what do

we see? In many of the uncapped cells on their lower sides —
not bottoms — we see brownish, not grayish black, scales nearly
as wide as the cells, and reaching nearly to the opening of
the cells. These scales are the remains of brood destroyed
by foul brood.

We will spend a little time in looking at them to fix in our
minds the image of their forms; will examine the other side
of the comb, and even take out one or two more to look at.
If the colony is weak, many of the affected cells retain a frac-
tion, or the whole, of their cappings, but, in any case, there
are many with no capping. If the colony has been afflicted
with bowel trouble, one, on a careless examination, might
take the scales to be dried excrement, once half liquid, but we
look carefully and see that they are always in the same posi-
tion, and of the same size and sliape, which would not be the
case if they were excrement.

We will now return to the colony but little affected, and
take out and examine, one after another, the combs in which
brood has been reared during the past season. Now we see
the scales at a glance. There maybe but half a dozen in some
of the combs, and in some none at all. It is safe (or us to
pronounce the colony diseased, and to treat it accordingly,
but this test is not quite so certain as one we shall be able to
apply when brood-rearing has been underway for some time,
and settled warm weather has come. I say it is not quite as
certain, for the sole reason that in one or two cases I have
known the scales of brood dead from other causes than foul
brood, though, in those cases, I think the scales were all
finally removed by the bees.

We will now go forward to apple-bloom, or to the opening
of white clover. If the colonies we visited earlier have been
left undisturbed, we will examine them again in the same
order as before. Providing ourselves with some toothpicks,
or bits of straw, we go to the sicker colony of the two for its
thorough examination, and proceed with the greatest delib-
eration, for we are trying to learn to distinguish foul brood
with absolute certainty. Having an eye out continually for
the appearance of robbers, which must be taken as a signal
for closing the hive, and postponing further examination, we
raise the cover. If we are on the leeward side of the hive we
may catch a faint whiff of the ill odor that proceeds from the
diseased brood, as the cover is raised, but we make sure of it
by bending over the hive with face near the top of the combs,
but we do not unnecessarily prolong this part of tlie examina-
tion, for the scent is by no means pleasant — nor worse than
that of colonies badly affected with diarrhea, perhaps ; not
so bad, but quite different — something like that of a poor
quality of glue as it is warming for use, or like that of a dead
animal after it has lain and decayed and dried for weeks in
the open air. With a little practice we shall not be liable to
mistake the odor, and we shall find it of considerable assist-
ance in discovering the disease to the extent that of ten the
necessity of lifting combs will be precluded.

Now, we will take out two or three combs from the center
of the brood-nest, and look for the peculiarities in their ap-
pearance or contents. At the first glance, one who takes
delight in seeing his bees prospering would have a feelitrK ot
depression come over him without realizing the reason for it.
But we easily discover the reason. There is plainly a genera
appearance of shiftlessness, slovenliness and squalor. The
combs are too dark, and without the natural, clean look. The
bees do not cling well to the brood, but slink away ; the cap-
pings of the brood do not have the pretty, clean, slightly con-
vex appearance, but some are flat, or even concave ; many are
perforated, some slightly, others in a greater degree, and are
more or less ragged.

Now we will look into the cells. Some, not capped, con-
tain larvK of a clear, pearly luster, others have nicely rounded
cappings — all these are as yet healthy. In the cells with
sunken, perforated and ragged cappings, and in many of
those not capped at all, we see larviP of a brownish color of
various shades from slightly yellow sometimes to the prevail-
ing hue of a dark, dirty brown. These are all dead. Did
they die of foul brood? We can surely tell by trying them
with our toothpicks. We open some of the sunken and the
perforated cells and insert the sharp end of the toothpick
into the remains of the larvie the different cells contain. The
skin of each one goes to pieces with u slight touch, and a
slight turn converts it into a homogeneo\is, glue-like mass of
the color of coffee when prepared with milk for drinking ;
and on withdrawing the toothpick the matter is drawn out in
a string a half inch, more or less. It is foul brood, and the
toothpick is the supreme test. There is no foul brood without
viscidity, and no viscidity without foul brood.

NECESSITV FOR CAUTION WHEN EXAMINI.VjG INFECTED COLONIES.

The toothpick, as used, we must dispose of with care to
prevent the contamination of healthy bees. We may burn

Aug. 6, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

503

them in tho suiokor ; and it is ;ui adilltidiial safeguard to hiivo
always at hand a dish containiiif; a weak solution of carbolic
acid in whieh to wash tools and hands before manipulating
a colony that may prove to be healthy.

Now, we must go and examine the colony but sli^rhtly
affected, for the detection of thedisease in such aono r<'i|uii-es
some patience and care. On opening the hive, if we havr a
i' good nose," we may, on applying it to tho top of the combs
just over the center of the brood-nest, possibly distinguish
slightly the characteristic odor of foul brood, but very likely
we ma"y not be able to do so. We then remove combs frcim
the center of the brood-nest. On a cursory view everything
looks prosperous — the colony is strong, the brood is compact
and abundant, and of a general normal appearance, and the
bees are working energetically. Hut if wo look carefully we
may see here and there a cell the capping of which has lost
its lively appearance. It is a little too dark, and is slightly
flattejied. We must have recourse to our toothpick. One
breaks the suspicious capping. Yes, the larva is dead and
discolored. The toothpick touches it with a slight turn and
is withdrawn, bringing the stringy tell-tale matter with it.
Other similar cells are found. There is no question but that
it is foul brood.

UOW TO I'KEVKNT THE DISSEMINATION OF THE DISEASE.

Now that it is established that foul brood has a foothold
in the apiary we must make every effort to prevent its farther
dissemination. It might bo asked, Why not do that by cur-
ing all the diseased colonies'? The reply is that the periods
of time when that can be done quickly and safely are limited,
both in number and extent. The temperature must be warm
enough for comb-building, and security against robber-bees
must be had for the necessary operations, so thatra time of
waiting of greater or Jess length is pretty sure to intervene,
hence the nejcessity for taking precautionary measures. And
first, and most important, is the guarding against robbing.
We must make a weak colony secure against the possibility
of being attacked. The weak colonies are the ones by far
the most likely to be diseased, so we will make sure not only
that the entrances are small enough for successful defence,
but also that the bees have sufficient spirit to make tho
defence. We will sacrifice, without hesitation, any infected
colony that will not fight.

WHAT MAY BE DONE WITH MEDICATED 8YKUP.

If the character of the time is such that the bees will take
syrup, this may be taken advantage of by feeding diseased
colonies a quart or two of medicated syrup made by mixing
one ounce of salicylic acid in sufficient alcohol to dissolve it,
in about 25 quarts of a not too thick syrup or honey. This
will be found very helpful ; and we will not omit to avail our-
selves of it as fast as the diseased colonies are discovered. I
have found that this medicated food stops the spread of the
disease in the hive, and, no doubt, on stronger grounds, pre-
vents the spread of the contagion to other hives. If the time
be early spring, as we find colonies which were badly diseased
the previous fall, before giving the food wo will remove from
each some of the combs which contain the dead larv;o, and
leave the bees only the ones which have few or none. These
will prove sufficient until a cure can be effected; and the
withdrawing of the combs with the greatest amount of attc^c-
tion will be a very decided advantage to the colony.

UNITING WEAK COLONIES.

We are now supposed to have critically examined the en-
tire apiary, and distinguished each diseased colony by a
prominent permanent mark, and to have given each a supply
of medicated syrup. We will now keep each supplied with
this syrup until the flowers yield fairly well. In attending to
this we shall find some of the colonies that are taking but lit-
tle or none of the food ; these we will unite either with each
other, or with others that are stronger, putting two or more
together as rapidly as it can be safely done. I say safily
done, because two colonies standing some distance apart
among healthy colonies may not be brought close together at
one movement, for that would be likely to send some of the
bees into healthy colonies. They must be brought togetlier
gradually so that all the bees will be brought along. We will
make the united colonies strong by putting a sufficient num-
ber together to make them so, for weak ones will prove to be
of little if any value.

A CAUTION KEGARDING THE USE OF COMBS FROM COLONIES
THAT HAVE DIED.

There is one other preliminary matter that must be at-
tended to, and that is the examination of the combs of colo-
nies that have died during the winter. Diseased colonies are
particularly liable to perish, and a larger proportion of the
dead ones will no doubt be found to be of that class. The

status of each is to be determined in the same manner that we
determined the condition of the colonies examined for foul
brood early in tho spring bofoi-e brood-rearing bad made much
progress ; that is, by looking for the scale-like remains of the
larviv which perished the previous year.

It will be understood, of course, that all diseased combs,
that is, all combs from diseased colonies, bits of comb and
honey, must be kept at all times where no prying bee can by
any chance get access to them. These are the readiest means
of the spread of tho disease. The honey may be extracted
from combs, containing sufficient to make it worth while,
boiled well for at least 15 minutos, then medicated and used
for feeding ; but unless one has conveniences for keeping all
combs and honey safe, they should be burned up at once.
However, with care, there is no good reason why the wax
from the combs, and most of the honey, should not be saved.
Every one must consider his own conditions to determine how
he can best dispose of them without incurring risk.

GETTING RID OF THE DISEASE.

We now come to the final and indispens.^bIe operation for
effecting a cure, and that consists simply in transferring the
bees from their own combs to hives furnished with frames of
foundation or frames with starters. I have not found it
necessary to disinfect the hives containing diseased colonies,
so, if found more convenient, the combs may be taken out, the
bees brushed and shaken in front of the hive, and the hive
furnished with frames of foundation.

AT WHAT SEASON TO DO THE WORK.

But at what time is this to be done, and what disposal
is to be made of the brood ?

The operation may be successfully performed at any time
during warm weather, if only sufficient allowance of time is
made to enable the bees to complete their combs before the
cool weather of the fall comes on. May, June and July are
the best months, and of these about the beginning of the
white-clover flow would be the most favorable time of the
year for beginning the work. This is so, both because it is
the best time for the bees to build up without any care, as
well as because it is the time when robber-bees are least likely
to be troublesome.

At this timely season let us go into the apiary with the
necessary hives, ready furnished, to undertake the work. We
find many that were but slightly diseased strong and almost
in condition to cast a natural swarm. Each one of this class
is moved a little aside and one of the prepared hives is put in
the place of each. Now, from each one take out the combs
with the bees and shake the bees off in front of the new hive,
making sure that the queen goes with them, until we have a
driven swarm, leaving sufficient in the old hive to care for the
brood. Now we have a driven swarm from each one, and the
old hives with the brood. Within a week or ten days we will
see that each of the latter has given it a good young queen,
lOr a good ripe queen-cell, and in 21 days we will take away
all the old combs and replace them with frames containing
foundation or stjrters. This disposes of this class, and will
surely effect a cure. It would be more than useless to give
them another set of frames and another shaking out.

THE TREATMENT OF WEAK COLONIES.

Now we go back to the weaker class. These we will take
in pairs. We first select the first pair, set one of them aside
and put a new hive in its place and shake out the bees as in
the former case, only get about all of the bees and the queen
out. Now we put the old hive with the brood in the place of
the other one of the pair, and bring that other one and shake
out the bees and queen in like manner in front of the new
hive, then take back the old hive and unite it with the one
already on its stand ; thus getting from the pair one new one
with the bees and the two queens, and one united old one with
the brood, that will be wanting a queen in a few days, and a
new set of frames in three weeks, as in the former case. The
rest are to be treated in like manner.

A good part of the success of this plan is owing to the
medicated food given during all the forepart of the season.
Without that the colonies would have been in comparatively
poor condition, which would have entailed an increase of care
and labor. , , ., „

The cure may be effected during any part of the three
months mentioned, or even in August, but the giving of medi-
cated food must be resorted to unless the field is yielding an
abundance for comb-building.

Sometimes the brood from several colonies may be given
to a single one, and that one treated later.

Without feeding during a dearth, absconding is pretty
sure to take place.— Bee-Keepers' Review.

Lapeer Co., Mich.

504

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLKIXAL.

Aug-. 6, 1903.

(

Our Bee-Heeoing Sisters

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Don't be "Caug-ht Napping" on Supplies.

I trust that none of the bee-keeping- sisters have been
caught napping without sufficient supplies. I have really
felt sorry for the number of bee-keepers who have come to
us this summer for sections and foundation, and we could
not help them out.

An Experience with Bees.

I have been too busy to write. I have been cleaning
out my hives and getting supers ready for use.

I commenced keeping bees four years ago. I bought 1
colony and hive, 2 supers, and sections enough to fill both
supers twice, and got 48 sections capped and 10 partly filled.
I cut out the queen-cells and did not let them swarm. In
the fall I bought three colonies ; one was weak and I had to
feed it.

I put the four colonies in two small hives, and spread a
piece of old carpet on each hive. They could go out and in
when they chose.

When I went to take them out, in the spring, I found
the weak colony dead, and one of the others almost dead.
The weak one had frozen and the other had been too warm,
as their hive was wet and mouldy.

I bought three colonies the next year, and I have let
them increase two swarms in the three or four years, so I
have 16 colonies now.

We have had a cold, wet spring, freezing fruit-blossoms,
so I have had to feed the bees, but the alfalfa and sweet
clover will soon be in bloom. I am keeping my bees strong
by feeding, so they will be ready to work when there is a
honey-flow.

I do most of the work with the bees, as my husband has
enough to do on the farm. When I need help my husband
or some of the children help me. I have six children, a boy
19, one 11, and one 8, one girl 17, one IS, and one 4.

We keep horses, cattle, hogs, turkeys and chickens, so
there is always plenty of work for all. I have 70 chickens,
and 30 young turkeys.

There has been a hail-storm that damaged the crops
from 25 to 35 percent for about 10 or 15 miles square.

I subscribed for the Bee Journal when I bought my first
colony. I could not get along without it.

I got 800 pounds of comb honey last year from 9 colo-
nies, spring count. Mrs. Bbn FbrGUSON.

Ford Co., Ivans., June 1.

A Sister's Work in Colorado.

I think I might be called a bee-keeping sister, although
on rather a small scale, as I have only 28 colonies of bees.

Eight years ago, on coming to this valley — Grand Val-
ley, in western Colorado — my husband bought two colo-
nies of bees and gave them to me to do as I might.

The first two or three years they increased very fast,
but for the last three years they have nearly forgotten to
swarm, and as I was very anxious to have more bees, last
year (about the middle of May) I divided my colonies, mak-
ing 37 out of 21, trusting to the bees to rear more queens,
but only eight succeeded in rearing good queens.

My dividing them weakened them so much that they
did not get built up so as to store any honey from the first
cutting of alfalfa (and that was the strongest flow of honey
for the season), but from about the middle of July until Sept.
20 they stored 59 cases of very nice honey.

I was very much discouraged about my bees building
us so slowly after dividing them. I thought perhaps I had
ruined the most of them. I made up my mind to inform
myself a little better on bee-keeping so I asked one of my
neighbors (an old beekeeper), which bee-paper he thought
would be the best for me to take. He recommended the
American Bee Journal, which I subscribed for in October.
I also got Cook's " Manual of the Apiary." I am very well

pleased with the paper every week. When I get it, the first
thing I do is to turn to the " Sisters" department.

I do all the work with my bees, put together the hives,
supers and shipping-cases. I often wish that I had a hun-
dred colonies : I think I could care for them all. I enjoy
working with them so much.

This has been a cold, backward spring.

Perhaps later on I will tell you how I dress to protect
myself while working with the bees. Alma Travis.

Mesa Co., Colo., May 27.

So your bees have almost forgotten how to swarm. My !
I almost feel like envying you. Our bees have surely not
forgotten, for they seem to think of nothing else, judging
from the way they persist in trying to swarm. Shaken
swarms, natural swarms — every thing swarms. All treat-
ment and rules fail to prevent swarming this year. But
with it all we are getting lots of honey, so we must take
the bitter with the sweet, and we are surely thankful for
the sweet.

Don't forget to tell us about that bee-dress later on.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

MOIST HEAT IN OUKEN-REARING.

The matter of moist heat to rear queens in is one cer-
tainly worth grubbing over. Very likely queens reared in
a dry atmosphere would fall short, as Arthur C. Miller inti-
mates. But the humidity of the hive, although not entirely
out of our control, is a little that way. Lots of bees, all
carrying nectar, and lots of comb with nectar in the open
cells, is the price of humidity. The humidity of a necleus
will be pretty sure to vary with the outside weather, it seems
to me. Queen-breeder might step in, but I don't believe he
actually will. Page 381.

BEES MIXING VARIOUS NECTARS.

Sometimes — in hot, dry weather and very poor flow,
basswood honey is almost too strong for even a lover of the
basswood flavor to approve. As it is quite a blow to us to
have to set catnip honey as unfit for any use, we kind
o'want to hide in some similar refuge. Was not the yield
poor at Mr. Crane's ; and might not the honey be endurable
another time ? Slim outlook. Both the wet weather and
the amount brought in seem to point right the other
way. We'll play that those bees found something else
much worse than catnip, and mixed the kinds. Anything
that yields honey when the usual sources fail, and bees for-
age desperately everywhere, i's liable to more or less of that
kind of misjudgment. Page 382.

SAW ONLY PICTURE-SNAKES.

Of course that's not what the Editor saw the morning
after the Fourth — those snakes on the title of No. 25. I can
see bees in 'most everything, but fail to see 'em just at that
spot. Not kicking, however. A bee-paper that is mostly
something else is rather disgusting, but an occasional
digression entirely ofi' the field, I rather like.

GETTING PEOPLE TO USE HONEY.

Likely Mr. Whitney, as per page 287, and sound in the
main. Mixing of syrups should be done at home, evidently.
Interest in bees is not hard to stir up among people who
have previously known nothing of them ; and when stirred
up it is a very lively interest, second cousin to bee-fever.
At that point the local editor will publish things cheerfully
— and sales will boom. But don't try to load down the latter
fellow with matter manifestly of the free-advertising sort.
If you hand him matter let it be instructive— just what the
people, editor included, are wanting to hear. And, say ! if
you have worked this plan profitably, get a wedge in your
own heart, and put in a small paid advertisement in the
paper. Do this as a matter of right feelings all 'round, even
if the ad can do no more than has already been done.

But common people won't buy a IZcent sweet for their
every-day pancake use. Either give that up or offer them
extracted honey at 7 cents.

Shall Association money be used to advertise honey in

Aug. 6, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

505

the leading papers ? I'm thinking the supply of money
would run out before much result had been realized.

Of course our Editor is right, that the supply of honey
would fall short if the whole people were enlightened und
gently stirred on the subject. We have heard that many
times, to be sure, but still we don't travel on it as mucli as
we might.

ALFAH'W COMING HAST.

Honey from alfalfa at Fond du Lac. Not a little merely,
but honey by the thousand pounds. That's suiely well to
the north, and at least not a-west the great river. It's com-
ing. " Spring ! spring ! spring 1 soon be here 1 " is what
the little bird would say. Page 39S.

THE SOT^AK WAX-EXTRACTOR.

Yes, indeed, Mr. Doolittle putting into the solar extrac-
tor material that will absorb all its own wax when melted,
and a lot more from surrounding stuff — well, the boy who
does that the second time should call himself one of the
flats. Page 398.

A IvONG-CAGED QUEEN.

Perhaps I'm wrong, but my idea of the thing is that in-
jury (if any) by suddenly compelling a laying queen to cease
laying would all come in the first week. Twelve weeks no
worse than six so far as the laying matter is concerned. As
to the wearing grind of improvement there would be a good
deal of difference ; and twelve weeks of caging with the
queen still unharmed is quite a record. Page 403.

ANOTHER TWIST ON THAT TWISTING COVER.

I see our mutual friend wants to prevent domestic hair-
pulling by arbitrating the twisted cover. Hardly looks
right to arbitrate the laws of mathematics — but I guess we
may thank him for the main thing he called attention to.
If the wood has a twisty disposition in its soul a cover ig-
idly cleated at both ends will still manage to twist some.
The mathematical laws pertaining to a circle and its tan-
gent do not apply when the ends are kept straight lines.
Page 403.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Combs of Honey from Diseased Colonies.

What shall I do with 30 frames filled with honey, pollen
and brood, taken from colonies affected with disease, prob-
ably black brood ? Mass.

Answer. — I think I should try treating them with form-

Queen-Bees of the Brown or German Race.

Do you know where I can get a queen of the brown or
German race, undoubtedly pure and purely mated ?

Answek. — No, I don't. Fifty years ago they occupied
the land as the common bee of the country, and in spite of
all efforts to drive them out it is probably a hard thing to
find a spot in all the country where traces of black blood
may not be found in the vicinity now. But to find pure
stock is another matter. Does any one know of any un-
doubtedly pure stock of the kind anywhere ?

Getting Rid of Plies and Mosquitoes.

1. Please tell me what effect cobalt has on flies, and
how to use it ?

2. Is it offensive or dangerous ?

3. What preparation is best to use ?

4. What kind of plant will be offensive to mosquitoes ?
and is there any drug which, placed in the room, will drive
them away, or prevent them from coming in.

Maryland.
Answer. — The only way I have seen colbalt used for
flies was to sprinkle it on a plate and wet it with sweetened

water. The flies would eat it and shortly die. It is a poison,
and care should be taken not to allow children to get hold of
it, but there is nothing olicnsive about it otherwise. I
know of no particular preparation, just ask for cobalt.

I have some doubt whether there is any plant or drug
that would keep the musquitoes out without being offensive
to the occupants of the room.

Using a Division-Board or Not.

In my 8-frame hives, by crowding all together, there is
a space at one side wide enough to put in a division-board.
Now, in hot weather, would you keep in the board, or
divide the distance up among the frames, with the board
taken out 7 Nebraska.

Answer. — Keep the board there all the time. If you
leave it out in hot weather, the bees will build out the combs
so you cannot space them close again. Besides, there is no
reason for given more space in summer, and that board or
dummy is a good thing to make it easier for you to take out
the frames. I wouldn't do without a dummy in each hive
for a good deal of money.

An Experience in Transferring— Feeding Bees.

I have an apiary of about 90 colonies and have been
handling bees three or four years for the pleasure I found
in it. I commenced with box-gums, hollow logs, etc., but
principally soap-boxes of all shapes and sizes. After get-
ting the " A B C of Bee-Culture," Prof. Cook's and Lang-
stroth Revised, Miller's "A Year Among the Bees," and
having had the American Bee Journal to read for the past
three years, I came to the conclusion that there was but
one right way to handle bees — and with movable frames
was the way. So my enthusiasm led me on to get a suitable
hive and frames. I at last settled upon the 8-frame hive.
And then came the task of transferring. Without asking
any questions through the Bee Journal, I scanned all the
back numbers and found what Dr. Miller had to say to the
beginners on that subject, and put that with my own com-
mon sense and went to work.

In the first place, Dr. Miller says the best time is dur-
ing fruit-bloom, when the combs are lightest ; but here it
was in July (the 4th), I was to undertake this intricate task,
when the combs were supposed to be full. However, I
thought I would try one colony, anyway, and if I make a
success of it I might try some more. So I- got ready by
lighting the smoker, got a lot of string, a good knife and
a table to work on. I followed Dr. Miller's plan pretty
nearly through. I smoked the bees all in this hive and
then lifted it off the stand, and then instead of having a
" decoy " box I took the super off and used it for a " decoy,"
to catch the flying bees. I had to pry the box-hive open, as
the bottoms were nailed hard and fast to the hive. When
I got the bottom loose I turned the hive upside down and
placed the forcing box over it and commenced drumming.
Very soon I had the greater part of the bees up into it.
Then I took the forcing box off and ran the remaining bees
out by smoke into the super, now on the old stand. When
all were out I removed the super and put the forcing-box on
the bottom-board on the old stand and placed the super on
top. Then I closed the entrance to a very small space to
prevent suspicious robber-bees investigating what was go-
ing on. When all was through, and ready, I took the old
hive to the honey-house some distance away to make the
transfer of the combs. The old box-gun had only top-slats
for frames, without side or bottom-bars, which left the
comb hanging to the top-bar and to the sides of the hive.
Generally what I transferred had tolerably straight combs
for box-hives. I found very little honey in them, and, find-
ing this the case, concluded that no better time could be to
transfer than when the combs were the most free of honey.

So I then proceeded to cut out the combs, which were 12
inches long by 10 inches deep, and fastened them into
standard Langstroth frames. The combs came very near
fitting in width. I had to trim off a little of the bottom,
which did not injure the combs in the least. After all were
in I carried the hive carefully back to the old stand and
lifted the old box and super off and put the new hive with
the transferred combs on the stand, and right here ray plan
began to differ from Dr. Miller's. He says : Place the hive
on the old stand and empty the bees out in front and let
them run in. But I differ from him in this respect, for rea-
sons which I shall give after I am through explaining my
method of transferring. Instead of emptying them out in

506

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 6, 190?.

front of the hives I gently raise up the box, with the bees
in it, and place it over the hive, and then brush them down
gently, or otherwise ; being filled with honey, they would
remain quiet up in this box, no telling how long, and robber-
bees would take possession below and on the outside of the
entrance.

After I get the bees all brushed down and in the hive I
either put the super over them or run the bees out of it
down in the hive and take it (the super) to the honey-house
to have its combs cut out, as I did the brood-chamber.
Where I found the honey in the old super frames (14 inches
by 4|i. inches) too thick and crooked, and too full of honey to
stand tying with strings, I just uncapped them and placed
them above the brood-chamber with an empty super on and
let the bees carry the honey down to the brood-chamber
where it is needed. As I just remarked, I found but little.
This placing these ugly super frames over the brood-cham-
ber to be fed back to the bees can be done any time later
on, and is better to be deferred for a few days in order to
give the bees lately transferred time to stick their combs
and get everything in good house-keeping shape.

Another reason for deferring it is, all this manipulating
creates a great stir and excitement among the bees, and
might cause robbing, and the more honey handled the
greater the honey odor to attract their attention.

My reason for not emptying the bees out on a sheet to
be run in as Dr. Miller directs is this : In their present con-
dition, they being full of honey are sluggish, and already
demoralized, and there being a great many young bees,
many of them lately hatched out, this emptying them out
would lose some of them, and other strange bees would be
around investigating and secure a taste of honey, which
would very soon start a first-class case of robbing.

The bees run in by Dr. Miller's plan would hardly re-
sist the robber-bees, until they felt more at home, and had
gotten more accustomed to the late changes of a new hive
and a new bottom-board, and all the new house complete
with their combs, all looking as if a cyclone had passed
through them. But if gently brushed down they find them-
selves at home and seem to accept the change of things
more readily.

My bees have gathered literally nothing since the first
of June, as it has been raining every since, and I am pre-
paring to go to feeding very soon ; I shall have to give
them back all the honey extracted up to the first of June.

I now wish to ask some questions that will not only in-

terest me but may be of great advantage toother beginners.
In regard to feeding them crooked and unshapely combs of
sealed honey by placing the frames or combs just over the
brood-frames and placing an empty super over them —

1. Will the bees carry the honey down and store it in
the brood-chamber ?

2. In case a super with these transferred frames of
comb being on, and old combs of honey are placed on top of
the super frames, will the bees store the honey in the super,
or carry it down to the brood-chamber ?

3. In case a temporary flow of honey comes on any
time soon, and the bees having plenty of comb on hand,
would the flow cause them to undertake building new comb,
or would they use the old comb all up first to deposit their
gathered nectar or honey fed to them ?

4. Which do you consider in my case the best plan to
feed the colonies I have that are short of stores, in order to
carry them through the winter coming on ?

5. When is the best time to feed, and how much at one
time ? How much in the aggregate to carry an ordinary
colony through ?

6. If bees are fed after a spell of rest with no nectar
coming in for some time, will the feeding cause the queen
to lay more vigorously and the bees to prepare more comb
for the bees to lay in ? Or, in other words, what eS^ectdoes
feeding have during such a spell ? Mississippi.

Answers. — 1. Generally not at this time of the year ;
nor in general at any time unless the brood-chamber is quite
empty of stores.

2. Most likely neither. If they move it at all, it will be
into the brood-chamber.

3. They would first fill the old comb, unless too incon-
venient of success.

4. and S. Use Miller feeders or the crock-and-plate plan;
feed granulated sugar and water, half and half, no need to
heat it ; feed large quantity as fast as the bees will take it
till you have fed each about 22 pounds of sugar. Feeding
such a large proportion of water gives the bees a chance to
prepare the food more like their natural stores, but it must
be fed early enough so they will have plenty of time to
ripen it, perhaps in September in Mississippi. Of course
you will figure a little on whether or not they will gather
from any late sources.

6. If thin feed be given daily for some days, it will
have a tendency to start laying, although late in the season
it is difficult to start laying after it has stopped.

QUEESS!

Goldea and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to pi-ve satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in isss. Our stock orig-i-
nated from the best and highest-priced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 7Sc each ; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen) $Z each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per mouth
only.) 16E13t

Please mention Bee Journal "when "writing

troducethe best,
most practical, lowest-price Carton for hoaey,
all things considered; costs nothing. We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 30 years. We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this. Send
us five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample, together with explanation, and some
practical suggestions regarding marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section. Established in 1870.

1 11. R. WRIGHT, Wholesale Gonimission.

Promptness A Specialty. ALBANY, N. Y.
30E3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Good Flow— Not SwEFming Mueh.

We are having a very good honey-flow. I
have two supers about full on most of my col-
onies, and they are hustling in the honey at a
good pace, but are not swarming much.

Otero Co., Colo., July 17. W. J. Martin.

An Old Bee-Keeper.

I was born Oct. 30, 1833. I began to keep
bees when I was 30 years old. I have seen
queens go out and mate with drones two days
following, and had drone-laying worker. I
have bought Italian queens of Baldridge, R. P.
Kidder, Quinby, L. L. Langstroth, Flanders,
and Aaron Benedict; and I have reared scores
of queens, but not any to sell. E. Tucker.

Genesee Co., N. Y., July 20.

Sweet Clover Honey— Foul Brood.

Yesterday 1 took off a few sections of my
first sweet clover honey. It tastes simply de-
licious— beats white clover "all holler."
There are also some linden trees in the neigh-
borhood and some catnip plants, and the com-
bination of the three makes a honey which is
—well, you ought to taste some of it ; it is
very thick, too. I probably won't get very

BUSHEL CRATES;

baskets — 8 cents eacii — made
of best material. Shipped {
ready to put to^rether. Bo

Geneva Cooperage Co., Geneva. 0.

Bt~ *^^*fS^^^itJvii.i

•-'*^as« mention Bee Journal "wnen -wntins

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PHRENOLOGY

Incorporated 1S6«. 39th Session opens Sept lid.
Subjects; Phrenolcgv the Art of Character
Readmg; Anatomy, Physlolosty, Physiognomy.
Uert-aity. Hygiene, etc. Address : 24 E. 2'id St.,
'Jew York, care of Fowler .t Wflls ('o.
24Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

STROUGEST
MADE. BuU

Str^niir, Chicken-

WEtf Please mention the Bee Journal

WARM YOUR HOUSE

allow tost by using the LKADEK tiitecl Furnace,
Saves coal, time, trouble. Send for free booklet No. 17
UeM Warmlnc '^^ Ventilating Co^ Ohlcaffo. Ill*

Cieastj flientiou i3ee Journai wnen wnung.

■5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

less. Send 10 centH for full line of samples

ind directions bow to benln.

DRAPER PUBLISHINa CO.. Clilcai;^, Ills.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Aug.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

507

TDousands ot Hives ■ Millions ol Sections

Ready for Prompt Sfalpmeat.

"We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowu, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Natick House,

Cor. First and nain Sts.,

HART BROS.

LOS

Proprietors.

ANGELES.

"The Popular Hotel," remodtled; 75 additioual rooms, all newly furnished. Everjthidg-
strictly first-class. ElevatoF. Americaa plan, $1,25 to $3.00; latter includes suites with private
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the National Bke-Keepers' Association during- the Convention,
Aug. 1«, 19 and 20.

Please mention Bee Journal when "WTitlna

SYVEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

ions

25»

.S(W

$1.40

$.1.1=;

16.00

1.70

4.00

7..=0

1.80

4.25

8.(X)

2. SO

6.50

l.!..SO

1.80

4.25

S.OO

We have made arrangremeats so that we cm
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by f relghi
or express, at the following^ prices, cash with
the order:

sns

Sweet Clover (white). ...» .75

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90

AULkeClover 1.00

White Clover 1.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and saclc.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 Jt 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILl .

Itcilian Quec^ns,

Bec^s and Nuolei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen | .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeno sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. tiogan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.

*^ease mentinn Bee Joiiraal when "writina

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

«^ LEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizon,

Wednesdau. flug.mn.lOp.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. 15, 5:30 p.m.

(Spend ^Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car ....

Friday,

flUQUSl UtH,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles

Tuesday, August 18th,

8 a.m.

Round Trip— Los Angeles, 5o"oTuniM'oc°tofer-,5th,
San Francisco, L•r„^tng°.'..'''"'"=' $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, f6.50. Sleeper, $2.00.

J. IM. CONNELL,
Qeo. Agrt

SANTA FE

109 Adams St.
Chicago.

llarshfleld Mannfactnripg Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfleld Manufacturing Company, Marshfleld, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journal wtien wntin&

much sur|tlus honey this year, as I increased
from 4 colonies to 16, and so my coloniee are
not very strong.

Thi; oUier day I discovered foul brood In
one of my colonies. It is not a very bad case
as yet, and 1 hope il won't spread to the other
colonies. 1 shall treat the colony next week.
I also wrote to Mr. Smith, the foul brood In-
spector, to take a look at my bees when he
comes up this way. Chas. B. Achard.

I)iil>at;c('o., 111., July 2.5.

Forced Swarms— Finding Queens.

I have Ijeen reading about forced swarming,
by C. Davenport, on page 453, so I thought to
give my experience.

I had 16 colonies, spring count, and not
wanting to watch for swarms I undertook the
sbaldng process. I waited till I found queen-
cells started, then shook them on old combs
in S-frame hives. All but one of them stayed
and went to work at once. The one that left
I shook into a 10-frame hive on full sheets of
foundation. Now, probably the reason that
Mr. Davenport's bees left was they were
shaken on foundation. •

I wish to know if there is any sure way to
'find a queen. I have one colony that I want
to change the queen. So I proceeded on a
tour of inspection, took frames all out and
looked them all over, and put them in another
hive. No queen found. Well, not to bo
beaten, I went over them again very care-
fully. Still no queen. So I thought I could
catch her by getting a queen-excluder, and
proceeded to strain the bees through the ex-
cluder. Still my lady was invisible. Well, I
put my thinking-cap on and thought a while.

You'l Never Regret

biiyinff Tho PAGE for your fall fencing'. It lasts.
PACK \V(>VKN WUIK FKNCK CO., Ailriiin. Midi.
Ple?*?e mention Bee Journal wlien writing

ork for us. We will start you la
.DUslneBs and furnish the capitaL Work
|llght and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.

DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., ChlcaKO, lilt.

Sections, SHipping-Gases,
ttoneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper.
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washingtcn St.,
4QAtf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 50 cents; :or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-
sary.

aeORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILl*.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

508

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 6', 1903.

I got an Alley queen-trap, fixed it on the en-
trance to another hive, drove the bees all
through the trap into another hive, but the
queen was not to be found. So 1 put them all
back into their own hive, put them back on
the old stand, and 3 or 4 days later found
fresh eggs. So I suppose she has resumed
business on the old stand. Fred Tyler.
' Mason Co., 111.

No Nectar in White Clover.

Mr. France must hustle, or white clover
must secrete there. Here, with the greatest
crop of white clover, bees do not touch it.
BasBwood is nothing. Alsike is all I received
my honey from, till lately, sweet clover is
coming on. The bees got just enough every
day to build up well. The greatest year for
swarming and the most runaway swarms in
the history of the country. N. A. Kluck.

Stephenson Co., 111., July IB.

Producer's Name on Honey.

I wish a word or two about the producer's
name on honey-packages. I hold that the
producer has a perfect right to put his name
and address on every package of honey sent
out by him. On page 447 W.W. McNeal says:

"The producer who contends he is robbed
of his rights when he is denied the privilege
of ornamenting small honey-packages with
his name and address, when such are not to

6

12

% 4.00

% 7.00

7.00

13.00

4.00

7.00

7.00

13 00

11.00

21.00

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and Aug^ust. 1

Honey Queens (Untested). .$ .75
" " (Tested).... 1.25

Golden " (Untested).. .75
" '* (Tested).... 1.25

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
Breeders, $3.00 each, after Juue 1.

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in lig-ht shipping-'cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.
Batavia, III., Aug. 21, 1901.

Dear Sir:— I thought I would let you know as
to results of the nucleus sent me. They were
placed in 10-frame hives and now they are in
fine condition. From one I removed 24 pounds
of honey and had to g-ive fr of them more room,
as they were hanging- out. They have more
than reached my expectations.

Yours respectfully, E. K. Meredith.
Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 31, l^Ol.

Your queens are fully up to standard. The
honey queen that you sent my brother takes the
lead. She had a rousing colony when put up
for winter. The goldens can be handled with-
out smoke or veil. Very truly yours,

John Thoeming.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

DRAPEK PUBLISHINQ CO., Cblugo, Ills.

u%\m%% Queens,

Bred from best Italian houey-^athering stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be erood Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.

CHAS. B. ALLEN.
8Atf Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

0 p l\l\ A D \C A R I P? The Universal Satisfaction our
*VL'^"*-^^'Vl^'f»'i->L'L* QIJRRNS do give...

^"^^^~ Sterli-ng, Ga., June 2"), 1903.

I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were outwork-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 JMuth Strain Golden Italians.

1 will order more after next e.xtracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Mutli Strain Qolden Italians— None Superior. .-. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 7Sc each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each; 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for 5.00 I Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog- of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut, - CI MCI MINI ATI, OHIO.

ADEL QUEENS.

Th%?ou\°ens::.;:;::.;;..::::::.::::v.::::::V75 i price"!"""." ImprovedQueen-Rearing

Six Queens 5.00 to 50 cents per copy. Book sent free to all who

Twelve Queens ' 9.00 | purchase three or more Queens.

Send for 25-pag^e Catalog^.

30Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

28 cents CS-Sh ^ This is a good time

^\J ^^M.M.*,iJ ^i^fcft.^7mm w^ to send in your Bee«-

paid for Beeswax. T ^^^^

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

We are tlie Largest Mannfacturers of Bee-Keepers' Snplies in tlie Nortliwest

Send for catalog. <*,•■_ .^^ >= ^. ,*,«ii „. ^*

Minneapolis, Minn.

We have tie Best Goods, Lowest Prices, anil Best Sliippins FaciUties.

Flease mention Bee journal ■when writing

Etf

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made hy a process tiiat pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

tbe thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

other make. ...^.c-... v> „

Working' -wax into Foiintlatioii for Cash a Specialty. Bees'vv'ax

always vtantecl at highest price. ,,„„,, ,. ,.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

E. GH..1.0EK S. CO.. To^ronto^Ont.. ^^^^^^ gyg^ DITTMER, AugUSta, Wl8.

Queens Now Ready to Supply w Return Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,

75 cents ; 6 for S4.00.
w-k J /-»« /^-,^^*-^ which left all records behind in honey-

l^eU Clover i^UeenS, gathering, untested, $1.00; e for $S.O0.
/^ . I —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle

Carniolans - ■- —

Qolden Italians

than all others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER,

3146-2148 Central Avenue.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

■ (Successor to Chas. F. :.I nth and A. Muth.)

Aug. 6, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

509

be delivered to the consumer bj* himself, is
laboring under a mistaken idea.'" I think
Mr. Mi'N'eal, and Mr. York, and Mr. Anybody
Else are wrong on that score. Did any of you
ever know of a grocer who objected to the
name and address of the manufacturer or pro-
ducer of canned goods being on rrmj can. Is
not every barrel and can of syrup marked in
this way; Is not all toilet soap marked with
the name and address of the producer? Does
not Mr. York advertise Root's goods? Why
does he not advertise York's goods! Are they
not as much his as the honey he buys? I sell
all my honey direct to the consumer myself,
with name and address on ri'ery package, and
guarantee it to be O. K. in every respect.

1 have 26 colonies of bees and run for both
comb and e.xtracted honey, and could sell a
great deal more than I can produce. I got 10
cents per pound straight for it. Now, Mr.
York, don't ask why I don't buy some of
" York's Honey " and sell it. I expect it
would have your name and address on it. But
that is not the reason I don't buy. First, you
don't have the same flavor and color of honey
I produce. You know we Southern folks have
foolish ideas. I can't sell light colored honey
at any price, and I can't buy and pay freight
charges, then sell for less than 15 cents per
pound, which is out of the question here,
I hope Messrs. York and McXeal will not

Lono Tongues VaiiiaDie

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll In the
honey down In Texas.

HUTTO, Tkx., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. 1'. MoiiKi . Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly .Tud see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess lo vou I am more surprised every
day as I watch 'them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It .seems that they g-et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honev where others fail. I will express my
thanits for such queens. I am mon- than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with vour queens.

Y6urs truly, Henkv Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4.00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozed, $').00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

take any exceptions to what I have said. It
is only my opinion on the subject.

My 2(1 colonies of bees are all in 8-frame
dovetail hives, painted white. It was so cold
in the spring we didn't get any honey, but we
hope to get some from fall llowers.

Henry Co., Tenn., July 20. J. R. Aden.

[It is all right to put your name on the
packages of honey when you are retailing it
yourself direct to the consumers. But when
you sell it in bulk to a commission man or
dealer, it is better to omit the producer's
name.

We have no quarrel with any one who in-
sists on putting his name on his honey when
he sells it. Only he can't sell it to us. It any
body else wants to buy it, that's all right. We
have worked up a demand in Chicago 'for
" York's Honey," and not for Aden's honey.
We have spent a great deal of money in ad-
vertising " York's Honey " here, and have
pushed it in many expensive ways that we
have never written about. After doing all
that, we are not quite such a whopping fool
as to allow spme one else's name to appear on
any honey that we put on the retail market
here among grocers.

We are not talking about extracted honey
sold in bulk, such as 60-pound cans of it.
We are speaking of section comb honey, and
of extracted honey that we bottle and then

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FREE

To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear— well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription must
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us— and then the
Queens that we will send you 1 Address.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinar Advertisers.

510

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 6. 1903.

label. We simply know we are right in our
position in this matter so far as we are con-
cerned. Others can do as they please with
the honey they produce or handle. But any
honey we put on the retail market must be
" York's Honey," as we propose to stand back
of every pound we put out. — Editor.]

c

Beedom Boiled Down

)

Getting Swarms Down from Tree-
Tops.

Elsewhere I speak of the fact that we have
been shinning up trees to get swarms. You
may wonder why we did not pursue the good
old orthodox plan of having the queen's
wings clipped, or why the colonies had not
been shaken, to stop all of this unnecessary
climbing and chasing. In the first place,
some of our customers object to having their
nice queens clipped — don't like the looks of
them. In the second place, the swarming
weather caught us by surprise. We had about
given up having any honey-flow, and the
problem had been to keep our bees from starv-
ing. But the season opened up and the bees
swarmed, and how should we get them out of
our tall basswoods ? No way under the sun
but to climb after them.

We used a jack-knife to cut ofl the limb on
which the swarm hung, then by carefully
dodging among the limbs we climbed down to
the ground as best we could, handing the
swarm to an attendant as soon as he could be
reached. But the jack-knife in cutting jarred

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

—FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

*lea,se mention Bee Journal when -writing.

r»„„ ^-, to fill orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
IV.CdUj' from stock that for hardiness and
^ood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tenn.

CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t McDonald, Bradley Co., Tenn.

Flease mention Bee j oumai -wnen •writing

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, Mich.

MooniUnlonGolleoe \

Open to both sexes from the beg'ia- \
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade {»
scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 10
instructors. Alumni and students occu- \
pying highest positions in Church and J^
State. Expenses lower than other col
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COHjEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

■d Jj

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raphlc

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
ruttbei* holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of tbe pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of inl;.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,00U words, and do not
lealc or blot.

As they make a line of iini-
fbrni >ridlh at all times
they are iinequaled for
ruling purpose.s.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,O0O Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for SI. 00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

^)°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III.

Do It Quick! \

$2.50 tor

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee,$Si)c;

The Western

Fruit-Grower, 50c:
TheAmerican Poultry

Journal, SOc:
Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
. ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00

Sample Free

TlieMoflern Farmer

St. Joseph, n J.

\

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North^Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

$300,0D0,000.00 A TbAii

and you may have part of it it you work
for UB. Unele Sam'8 poultry product pays
that Bum. 8«nd 10c for BampleBand partic
ularB. We furnish capital to start you in

buslnesB. Dnper PubllBlUatCo.,Chlca(o,lll.

the limb. I finally took down a big pair of
pruning-shears, two big potato-sacks, and
some stout string, supplying the boy who did
the " shinning" with all these before he went
up the tree. The shears were handy for clear-
ing out a space through which to let the bees
down. After reaching the swarm, the boy
would proceed to slide the bag around the
limb, and with the pruning-shears clip it off.
He could then with his rope let down bees,
limb, bag, and all, or he could climb down
without danger of jarring the bees off, or
without fear of being stung.

In descending through the tree, holding a
limb from which a big swarm is hanging, one
is liable to bump it against the foliage, dis-
lodging many of the bees, filling the air full
of them. These will in all probability alight
on the limb nearest where they were first clus-
tered, with the result that another climbing
is necessary to get all the bees. The coffee-
sack or bag saves all this trouble.

The pruning-shears are a vast improvement
over the jack-knife. When the bees swarmed
we had to hack away with this ever-present
and usually convenient tool, but which, on
occasions of this kind, was any thing but con-
venient or suitable.

I have been wondering if it would not be a
good thing for those who do not clip the
wings of their queens to have a special belt
gotten up in which could be fastened a small
short saw, a pair of strong pruning-shears, a
smoker, a rope, and perhaps some other tool
that might be necessary to complete the
equipment.

The majority of bee-keepers believe, and be-
lieve rightly, that the unhj way to handle
swarms is to do so by the clipped-wing plan.
But something will happen, on account of
which they will not get at the job, or per-
chance some queens will be skipped. In
either case a swarm or two is liable to get to
the top of a tree, and nothing but climbing-
after it will bring it to the earth again. I
have seen the day many and many a time
when an outfit of tools, with a pair of climb-
ers already hitched to a belt, and ready to
strap on, would be worth a good deal. There
is nothing like being prepared for an emer-
gency ; and when one is in a hurry, the more
convenient and handy his tools are, the more
effective will be the work. — Editorial ins
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. PAKENTjOf
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter,
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a q-reat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yott say it will." Catalog and price-list fred.

Address,

W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee jDuxual -when -wrltlug.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

AIrklll*n;il '''^' '^ """^ ^ quarter of a
•IOUrild.1 century old and is still grow-

Ameriean Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Meiiii.m the Bee Journal
flease mention Bee jourud -when ■writina *

Aug. 6, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

511

Bee=Books

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 3-'S pages.
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best booic-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is uniiiue in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called ** A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, SI. 00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientitic. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
&44 pages. 2Vb illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, §1.20.

liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, .?1.20.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, SI. 20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called " Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, SI. 00.

Dr. Howard's Boolt on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

Close Satiiril

mers and friemls
beginning wiih .1
will close our mlii
p.m. on Saturda.vh
Nearly all other 11
afternoon closing;
open two moniliK
bee-keepei's who
call Saturday afl(

lys a 1 p.m. — Our custo-
will kindly remember thaf
ily 1, for three months we
o and bee-supply store at 1
This is our usual custom.

rius here begin the Saturday
with May 1st, but we keep

later on account of the local
lind it more convenient to

rnoons for bee-supplies.

National Convention Notice.

The 34th Annual Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Los
Angeles, Calif,, on August IS, 19, and 20,
1903, in Blanchard's Hall, at 335 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of the Association during
the convention will be at the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.

It is expected that this will be the largest
and best convention ever held by the bee-
keepers of America. Every one interested in
the production of honey should be present, if
at all possible. Besides the question-box,
which will be one of the special features of
the program, the following subjects will be
discussed in papers by the prominent bee-
keepers mentioned. Afterward a free and
full discussion will be had by all in attend-
ance who wish to participate. The subjects
and men to introduce them areas follows:

" Honey Exchanges and Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers" by Prof. A. J. Cook,
Claremont, Calif.

" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif. Re-
sponse by E. S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.

" The Production and Sale of Chunk
Honey," by Homer H. Hyde, Floresville,
Texas. Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.

"The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A. I. Root.

There will be reports by the officers, which
include Pres. Hutchinson, General Manager
France, and Secretary York.

The California Ijee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug. 18. No one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.

It is an opportunity of a lifetime to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of thj low railroad
rates, as it comes at the time of the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.

For further information or particulars that
may be desired, address the Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago, 111.

George W. York, Sec.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

Cnlifnrnlfi f U y°" <=«« to know of itt

^ailiurilld J Frnits, Flowers, Climate
or Resonrces, Bend for a sample cop7 of Call-
ornla's Favorite Paper—

The Pacific Rural Press,

The leading Hortlcnltural and Agrricnltaral
paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly,
nandsomely lUnstrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam-
ple copy free.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS,
330 Market Street, . San Francisco, Cal.

BEE-SUPPLIES!

y^/)T /ioor:s )SU/r.£S

EverythiiiK used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

II.VKKKT QUOTATIONS

J

Chicago, July 20.— Some consigumeuts of the
crop of l'>03 are offered on ihis market, the
comb in the majority of cases No. 1 to fancy,
and the quality of the very best. It is maiiv
years since this neighborhood yielded in qual-
ity and quantity as now. Demand has not cume
for It at the present moment, but will within a
short tim;, as it is being told that an abundant

^r^fr^ ^ ,f ^?J """^^ '^ "P?" "'• ^■■'"S asked
are from 13aiSc per pound. Extracted sells
slowly at w«7c for fancy white, S<a.6c for amber
Beeswax, 30c per pound. ' a^^^,.

R. A. BUK.NETT & Co.

■,«^^'^fu%^'J''' -^"'y 28 -Some new comb honey
H»J^^x- ' ',.°°a'"<='"'°'°"'o' weather the
demand .s not heavy, but will be getting better
every day. Fancy white comb, 24 sections oer
case, $3.50; No. 1, white and amber "secti'ons
per case, $3 25; No. 2, white and amber 24 sec-
tions, per case, $3.00. Extracted, white n^r
pound, 6_ra.6!^c; amber, 5^c. Beeswax, good de
mand, 2.^@30c. c. C. Clemons & Co

Albany, N. Y., July 1,S -We are receiving
some shipments of new comb honey, mostl?
from the South; the demand light as yet- we
vLrln'^V^ l^®!.**^- Extracted slow It^Tc.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light

finl''™„'r^^l''"*'°,^'=P"^ "P°« other seel

Cincinnati, June l.-Very little change in
market from last report. We quote ambef ex-
tracted grades at SH@6}ic in barrels; whife
So°n7v'i^5l^^' supply equal to demand.' Comb
honey, lS@16c for fancy. Beeswax, 30c

The Fred W. Mni-H Co

New York, Julv 8.— Some new croo romH
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c oer
pound, and imUc for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades. ucmana

The market on extracted honey is in a verv
?^,IL'"f'' ^"dition, with prices ranging from
5@SHc for light amber, SHmHc for white and
the common Southern kt f fom 50@5rc pe^ gal
lon. Beeswax steady at from 33@31c.

HiLDKETH & SegELKEN.

Cincinnati. July 2u.-The demand for honey
C9ntinues slow. New extracted and comb be-
gins to be offered largely. Prices show a down-
ward tendency. Extracted sells at the follow-
i^L^^ll'V J^^-nber in barrels, S@S}ic; alfalfa,
6^c; white clover 7@75^c. Comb honey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@lSc: no deniand for
lower grades. Beeswax, 27@30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

„S^,fi?*''"^1°' July 22— White comb honey.
W^^^"^"}, t?'^"^ *®1'"=- Extracted, while
^I'^fSj^'^i' f>' amber,4K «,Sc; amber, 4'i@*%cl

tf^%Si?Zl 2!l?6c."' "'°' '° -=-<"- "--'•

This season's crop is not only unusually late
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

WANTED! Extracted Honey.

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

,,. . ^THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

Please mention Bee Journal when writinp

WANTED—Comb Honey in quantitv lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Joumat when vwtme,

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
£'.!?Ni2.1?''- "''" '"■y FANCY li^HITE COMB
HONE\, any quantity, bnt must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

512

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Auff. 6, 1903.

^^^^^^^^^^-^^f

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us you
Mill not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the f reig-ht.

▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼I

■fitiase n.MOU'." KoH jiiii-niiii when wriUne,

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending ,us One
N'e\v subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at $1.00; or for SI. 10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages. Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Ghicaao.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Tennessee Queens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2\i miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
5 miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 60 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.25 each. Dis-
count on largre orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Please mention Bee Journal "When ■writinfi

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boj8, GlrlB, oldandyounKalikti,
make money working for as.
We farnUh capital to atari yoo in boai.
luaa. Send db 10c stampo or aUTcr for full Inatmotiona and a lloe ot

•MDpiu to work with. URAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Cblcaso.ltL
iHease mention Bee Journal 'wben 'writing

iss,jA.iiija,^i!mJS^jiS,js^ja,ji^ja^js,^^

'vt^ Dadant's Foundation

26111
year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR?^TF^RMNE^s?X'5iaalNQT''•

No LOSS. PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHEETINQ.

Why

Hn^C S'tf' Gf^ll crk vi/f^ll V Because it has always ^iven better satis-
UKl^o It, 9^11 o\J YV^llI faction than any other. Because in 25 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL ^/^ -^/^

KINDS *•**« ^^^%^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isc;ci,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, j{

tlamllton, Hancock Co., Ill L

Please mention Bee Journal ■wnen ■writing.

fl GrouDtf Cowan Family.

The sales of the Cowan Reversible Honey-Extractor
are steadily increasing. Over 200 sold in July alone. You
are sure to be pleased if you order one of these Extractors
for we have no complaints of these machines. Be sure to
specify Root's Cowan.

For sale by all leading dealers and the manufacturers.

The A. I. Root Companyp

NEDIINA, OHIO.

■^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO. '"Shicago,'!!,""*'

are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for
their free Catalog.

Nat'I Bee-Keepers' Convention at Los Angeles, Aug, 18=20

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 13, 1903.

No. 33.

514

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR.
C3-E30K,Ca-E3 "W. Y^OK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, ia tlie United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra lor post-
age. Sample copy f res.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawfnl rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. SI.OO.

Send dues to Treasurer;

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George 'W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Board of Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepper wein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLB, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.

Jl^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
tQ the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

orettv thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to

*^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

ReadyJor Immediate Delivery.

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices :

One Nucleus for $4.50 ; or 5 at $4.00 each.

With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

I Dr. Miller's New Book

\

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

G-EORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

•^^861 ' '"

^ERICAif

7F wT^, ots^ BE^fAPe;,^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, nX,, AUG. 13, 1903.

No. 33,

Editorial Comments

]

Ordering Supplies in Time.— It is not wise to wait to see
what the harvest will be before ordering supplies needed to secure it.
Some bee-keepers, who have followed that plan, have been badly
caught this year. Their stock of sections has run out, and more
could not at once be obtained, because they were not yet made, and
the manufacturers were away behind orders.

The fall of the year is none too early to order for the next year.
Count your fall number as wintering without loss, then figure the
number of sections they will require should the season be the best you
have ever known, and order accordingly.

" But," you say, " there will in that way generally be a lot of
dead capital, for nine times out of ten so many sections will not be
needed.".

The loss from dead capital will be less in ten years than the an-
noyance and loss in one year of heavy flow, if you run out of sections
and can not get any. It is better to make up your sections and get
them all ready in the supers in winter-time or early spring, while not
crowded with other bee-work. If you don't need them they will be all
right for the following year. Even if not used for three or four years,
they will take no hurt.

Keeping Empty Combs. — Instead of trying to keep combs
in a moth-proof closet, G. C. Greiner, as he reports in Gleanings In
Bee-Culture, keeps them in a light room, hung not too close together
in racks. The light, together with the airy space between the combs,
is sufficient to keep the moth away generally, and if perchance an
occasional attack be made, a simple glance enables one to see what is
going on.

Old vs. Fresh Foundation. — The question comes up every
year from this or that beginner, " Can I use next year foundation left
over from this year!" Some say: " Yes, it is just as good as new
when a year old, or five years old." Others say : " No, I would melt
up all left over from the previous year, and would much prefer to
have it right fresh from the mill."

It is not likely that locality plays any important part in the affair,
what is applicable in one place being equally applicable elsewhere,
and such widely differing views are to be accounted for by the fact
that too limited a view is taken in either case. The experienced bee-
keeper, instead of answering the question by either monosyllable, yes
or no, will answer, " That depends."

Beeswax in the form of foundation is but little affected by age
when properly kept, although it may be much affected otherwise. Let
it remain in the packing-box in which it is received, and years of keep-
ing will have little effect upon it. Even if put into sections and piled
up in supers in the house, it will be readily accepted by the bees when
several years old. But keeping it on the hives when not beiny used
by the bees is another matter. In the early part of the season ii may
be all right, and it may do no harm to put on sections a few days be-
fore they are needed, but sometimes a super of empty sections is put
on about the time the flow ceases, and the bees will immediately tiegin
to put a very thin — not so very thin if left long enough — a very thin

coating of bee-glue over the entire surface of the foundation. A sec-
tion thus treated, when given to the bees the next year, will be ac-
cepted very slowly, often not at all. Put such a well-glazed section in
the middle of a super among sections filled with ^resh foundation,
and when all the other sections in the super are filled and finished,
that particular section will be as empty as when given.

The moral of all this is, that you need not be afraid to keep foun-
dation over from one year to another, either in or out of the sections,
but you should not leave it in the care of the bees after the honey-flow
has ceased, no matter whether it be partly filled with honey, merely
drawn out, or yet untouched. Sometimes there is quite an interval
between the early and the late flow. Better take off the sections at
the close of the first, to be returned when needed.

Sweet Clover and Farmers. — A German friend sends a
clipping from the Green Co. (Wis.) Herold, which quotes the advice
to farmers of John Bauscher, Jr., with regard to sweet clover. That
advice is to take vigorous measures for the destruction of sweet clover,
for once introduced into fields it can be gotten out only with the
greatest difficulty, if at all, as it spreads with extraordinary rapidity,
completely overcoming other forage and grain plants.

It does seem a little strange that men, otherwise intelligent, should
show such ignorance with regard to sweet clover. Mr. Bauscher need
only to use his eyes to know that sweet clover spreads very slowly, if
indeed it spreads at all, from the roadside into a field. Its sole means
of propagation is by seed, and it dies root and branch the second win-
ter, so if cut before going to seed it has no chance for continuance.

In a field of cultivated crops sweet clover is no more troublesome
than red clover, and in certain places not so bad as white clover. In-
deed, in some cases white clover is a troublesome weed, as in a straw-
berry bed, but no one on that account is likely to condemn white
clover as deserving of annihilation.

In spite of the unreasonable prejudice against it, sweet clover is
gaining ground as a forage-plant of value. More than one farmer,
who formerly railed against it, is now putting it in his barn as good
winter feed. But stock must learn to like it.

Too Much Symmetry in an Apiary Undesirable.—

Editor Root says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

It is a mistake to have a queen-rearing yard laid out in straight
rows, and have all the grass and- weeds cut out. Hives should be
located in groups of one, two, three, four, and five. Do not have any
two groups of the same size and appearance near each other. If there
is a group of five hives here, make the next group of two; another
group of four. Make each group different from the adjoining one,
and, if possible, put near some distinguishing object like a tree or a
bush. One group can have a large tree, and another a small one. If
tall weeds grow up near the entrance, all the better. While they
obstruct the flight slightly, they help young queens in identifying
their entrances.

And, by the way, we made a mistake in Cuba in cutting away all
the grass in front of the hives, and in putting them in straight rows.
The native Cuban bee-keeper lets the grass grow. His hives are laid
out very irregularly, with the result there Is much less robbing than
there would be if they were all laid out with perfect regularity in
rows, and entrances pointing in one direction. In an apiary of the
last-mentioned kind, it is no wonder the bees become confused, and
that robbers get a good start before the inmates of the hive realize
what is going on.

There is another point: It takes a great deal of time to keep the
grass and weeds down. If I were running for honey and money only
I would keep the entrances, the paths, and roadways clear, and that
is all.

You will ask why you would not find that condition of things at

516

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

our home yard in Medina. Simply because it would offend some of
our vifitor friends. Thej- expect to see something like a park. But
take a trip up to the Harrington yard, and you will find things as they
are in Cuba.

What is true in this regard respecting a queen-rearing yard is just
as true with regard to the ordinary apiary, although the consequences
may not be so severe. If a worker-bee carries its load into the^wrong
hive, there may be no loss ; its load of honey will be worth as much to
the bee-keeper in one hive as in another. But if a young queen enters
the wrong hive, it is quite another story. But even in an ordinary
apiary there are young queens to take their wedding-trips, and en-
trance into wrong hives is disastrous.

One does not like, however, to have the hives in one's apiary
arranged in such order as a cyclone might be expected to^leave them.
There is little danger from the straightest .rows, provided there] are
objects of the right kind to help the little workers to locate] their
hives. A tree will help to locate a number of hives on all sides. Even
a post will be a help.

Granules of Honey in Bait-Sections. — It might seem that
a very little honey left in a bait-section, even if granulated, would be
so thoroughly lost in the much larger quantity of fresh honey added,
that no harm could result. But it is claimed that each little granule
acts somewhat as a seed, rapidly increasing its kind, the smallest gran-
ule thus soon affecting the whole. Upon this point H. S. Shorthouse
makes the following interesting remarks in the British Bee .Journal :

The occasional crystallization of one jar of honey which granu-
lates, while the others remain bright and liquid, is accounted for by
the fact that the bottle either contains a small portion of grit, or is
slightly rough or irregular in some particular part of the inside, which
lends a starting point of crystallization to the sugars which are con-
tained in the honey in what we will term a state of super-saturation.
I — An experiment (on crystallization), using sulphate of soda for the
purpose, most beautifully illustrates this theory. If we take a quan-
tity of sulphate of soda, dissolve it in a minimum quantity of hot
water, and whilst warm tie over the neck of the vessel in which it is
contained a parchment paper, and allow it to cool, we can at any mo-
ment cause the solution to crystallize by the puncturing of the paper
with a needle, or by keeping the bottle air-tight we can retain it in so-
lution form.

Again, we can make solutions of chemicals and can manipulate
them without any signs of separation, but the introduction of a fur-
ther small crystal of the same or some other substance will sponta-
neously cause the crystallization of the whole, and I feel assured that
the granulation of honey can be accelerated by the addition of a very
small crystal of the ordinary cane-sugar.

Miscellaneous Items

The Los Angeles Convention will be held next week. Only
a few days yet, and there will gather perhaps the largest concourse of
bee-keepers ever gotten together on this continent. To be a member
of that convention will be a treasured memory by all who can attend.
It is the first meeting of the National Association in a Pacific Coast
city. California bee-keepers will " lay themselves out'' to see that
all who are present have the best of entertainment and a good time
generally.

We expect to publish in these columns a very full report of the
proceedings. But such can not take the place of being present in
person. All should go who can at all get away from their homes and
business. Aside from the convention, the trip and social meetings and
greetings will be a rare treat.

Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan is a name well-known throughout the
world of beedom. He is not only editor of the only other weekly bee-
paper, but is also the author of a book on bees and bee-keeping, that
has had an enormous sale in the Old World".

Mr. Cowan is a man most delightful to meet. He is the very
essence of affability and courtesy, and his character and ability are of
the highest possible. He is a member of many of the famous scientific
societies in England, and has won for himself a deservedly conspicu-
ous position in them.

Mr. Cowan has been residing in California for the past few years,
but recently returning to England, with his good wife, for a stay of a
year or so. It is unfortunate that he cannot be at the Los Angeles

convention, for his presence and help would have contributed im-
mensely to the success of that gathering of American bee-keepers.

We are pleased to present to our readers the excellent picture of
Mr. Cowan, which is reproduced from his latest photograph.

Frame for Extracting Sections.— The following is from John
Trimberger, of Clark Co., Wis. :

I send a photograph of my frame to hold sections for extracting.
I use four frames holding 33 sections for one operation. I have used
it three or four years now, and find it very expeditious and conven-
ient. The stand is essential. The little honey that drips down stays

I'LAN FOR EXTRACTING SECTIONS.

inside the enclosure ; the frames remain dry. How the sections are
held together can be seen in the picture. To take the sections out, I
hold the frame with sections about six inches above the table, then
drop the farther end on the table, at the same time pull the shifting
end-bar, held by rubbers, toward me, and, presto, out drop the sections.

To put the sections in: After the lower six are in the frame I
stand the Tth and Sth against the upper bar, then lift it up and the
two last sections drop back in place automatically.

One of the combs in the picture has been mutilated by those in-
specting it during zero weather, before the photographer had a snap
at it. John Trimberger.

That car-Load of Bee-Keepers for the Los Angeles conven-
tion was assured in good time. As is usually the case, many must
decide at the last minute about going. There are so many things to
be considered — so many other things to be arranged for leaving — that
it is exceedingly difficult for some to go away from home at all, espe-
cially when it is necessary to be gone for two weeks or more, as in
taking a California trip.

But the company in the special car travelling across the conti-
nent will be the best kind of a convention in itself. A car-load of bee-
keepers! Who ever heard of such a thing before' And to ride 3000
miles with Dr. Miller, A. I. Root, Hutchinson, and others! That
surely will be a memorable event. There should have been 40 or 50 in
the company instead of 25 or 30. But to succeed in getting the re-
quired number and a few more is something to rejoice over.

You will likely hear more about that car-load of bee-people
later on.

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

517

C

Contributed Articles

A Cool Season in California.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

WE often find that with the seasons and years we are
forced to change some of ourold and, as we supposed,
well-grounded opinions. I commenced keeping bees
in Michigan in 1870, and for more than a dozen years had
good honey-production ; so I came to the warranted conclu-
sion, as one might suppose, that a fairly good honey crop
coujd be counted on in that goodly State. I felt in those
days that the only certain checks on certain or assured suc-
cess were disastrous wintering, which I soon solved ; and
"foul brood," which, fortunately, never laid its fatal clutch
on my pets of the hive.

Imagine my surprise, then, when three seasons of un-
precedented drouths gave us no honey at all. We had to
reformulate our opinions, and say with the proper rainfall
we were sure of a honey crop. In Michigan, we rarely had
a year so cool that it precluded, for the season through, all
nectar-secretion.

In California it has been usually, I supposed always,
true, that with sufBcient rainfall we were sure of a good
honey-year. I was told when I came here, nearly ten years
ago, that with 15 inches of rainfall we were sure of a good
honey-product. This led me to proclaim two valuable char-
acteristics of our section for the bee-keeper : We could be
sure of a phenomenal honey-product with a year of ample
rainfall ; and, second, we could know by early spring
whether or not the crop was to be ours, and so could buy,
or not buy, our supplies, and could arrange our business as
the circumstance of rainfall dictated. If this were surely
true, it would be no mean factor in our conclusions as to
our standing as the leading honey State in our country,
and probably one of the very best in the whole world.

The present season has changed our views, and we find
we have to reckon not only with rainfall, but with the cold
and damp of spring as well. Last winter gave us a gener-
ous rainfall, and we, from all former experience, so far as
I knew, had a right to count on a large and sure honey-
product. Indeed, for all the years that I have been here, we
never have had such abundant and well-timed rains as were
ours the past season. As we should expect, the herbage
and flowers have been very rich and luxuriant. Yet I doubt
if we can secure more than one-third of an average honey
crop this year.

The reason is not far to seek. We have had an excep-
tionally cold and damp season. Many mornings of April
and May, and on into June, were so cool that a little fire
was agreeable nearly every morning. This cool of the
morning held on through the entire day, and while the bees,
true to their nature and habits of industry, were out early
for the possible nectar, failed to store as we had been led to
hope would be the case.

As just stated, I doubt if we will secure more than one-
third of a crop in this section of the State. In the north
the rainfall was also short, so I doubt if we make any mis-
take in giving this as the probability for the entire State
for the season.

Unfortunately, this removes the ground for sure
prophesy in the early season, and we must put a question-
mark after the prospects, even in seasons of generous rain-
fall, for we must also have the genial warmth, for though
a damp, cool season may secure ample vegetation, it will
not give us the nectar in the flowers.

A PROMISING REGION.

There is being carved out of the very desert of River-
side County, Calif., a very promising region, agriculturally.
I speak of the Indio or Coachella valley on the Southern
Pacific railroad, about ISO miles east of Los Angeles. This
was absolute desert, but, like most of California, the soil is
a rich alluvium, and is also very deep and pliable, so that
it needs only water to make it wondrously productive.
Three years ago it was found that by boring artesian wells
a copious supply of the finest water has been secured.
These great artesian wells are a marvel to behold. They
pour out with no pumping at all. While the country only
awoke to man's attention three years ago, there are already

hundreds of these wells, and an area of richest verdure
already makes this one of the most attractive agricultural
regions to be seen anywhere.

The climate is warm the entire year, and very warm in
the summer. Yet it is so dry, atmospherically, that people
work, they say, comfortably all day in the hot sunshine,
even roofing buildings.

This region is going to be a great alfalfa country. So
great is the warmth that even ten crops of alfalfa are
grown in a year, and in many cases 2j^ tons to the acre are
secured. This is sure to become a great alfalfa section.
Even at present they are growing alfalfa and feeding hogs
at a great profit. There is also a great natural growth of
mesquite, which is also of the great Legume family, and,
as we should expect, one of the best of honey-plants. I see
no reason why this new region should not more than sur-
pass the famous San Joaquin region, and should not equal
the very best parts of Arizona. I look to see in the
Coachella valley not only one of the best farming sections
in the United States, but one of the best regions for honey-
production in the world. This valley is so early that early
June cantaloupes are sent to Chicago ; and early July grapes
can be produced in profusion. It will be the great place for
early fruits and vegetables.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., July 17.

Examining Apiaries and Curing Them of
Foul Brood.

{Special Bulletin by the Ontario Department of Agriculture.)
BY WM. M'BVOY, INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

BEFORE opening any colony, go from hive to hive
and give each colony a little smoke at the entrance of
their hive. This will check the bees for a time from
coming from other colonies to bother you when you have
a hive open and are examining the combs.

When you take out a comb to examine it, turn your
back to the sun and hold the comb on a slant, so as to let
the sun shine on the lower side and bottom of the cells, and
there look for the dark scales left from the foul matter that
glued itself fast when drying down ; for where you find
punctured cappings and ropy matter you will find plenty of
cells with the dark stain-marks of foul brood on the lower
side of the cells. Every bee-keeper should know the stain-
mark of foul brood, as it is more important for him to learn
to tell it at a glance than to have to use a pin and lift a lit-
tle of the matter out of a cell by the head of a pin to see if
it will stretch three-fourths of an inch. Dead brood of
other kinds often have pin-hole cappings, and several cells
in the same combs will be found with scales in them ; and
for this reason every bee-keeper should learn to tell the one
class of dead brood from the other, because we often find
both classes of dead brood in the same colony with very
little foul brood in the same comb, that the bee-keeper did not
notice ; after testing the other kinds, and not finding any
to stretch he felt sure that that colony was not diseased
when it was, and in time it would get worse, and get robbed
out by the bees from other colonies, and then the disease
would be spread all through the apiary.

I have often been called to come at once by parties feel-
ing sure that their colonies had foul brood, and when I got
there I sometimes found that it was not. In some cases I
found a very sudden loss of the most of the old bees, and
nearly all the brood dead and decaying. This was the re-
sult of some foolish people spraying fruit-trees while in
full bloom, and the bee-keeper, not knowing what caused
the sudden loss of nearly all his old bees, and finding so
much decaying brood, felt sure that his colonies had foul
brood. The only sure way for those people that cannot tell
foul brood at a glance, is to put the head of a pin into the
matter in the cells and lift it out, and if it stretches they
can depend upon it that it is foul brood ; but, as I have often
said, the most important thing to learn is to know the stain-
mark of foul brood, and then it never will make much head-
way in any apiary or cause much loss, because the bee-keeper
would spot the disease at a glance and head it ofi' at once.

Honey, to become diseased, must first be stored in cells
where foul-brood matter has been dried down, and it is the
bees feeding their larva; from the honey stored in these dis-
eased cells that spreads foul brood. More brood dies of foul
brood at the ages of six, seven, eight and nine days than at
any other age.

The disease is spread by bees lobbing foul-broody cole-

518

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug-. 13, 1903.

nies, and they carry the disease just in proportion to the
amount of diseased honey they convey to their own hives.

Every diseased apiary should be treated according to
the exact condition in which it is found, so as not only to
drive out the disease, but to taake considerable increase in
colonies, and end by having every colony in first-class con-
dition. In the honey season, when the bees are gathering
freely, is the only safe time to make increase in a diseased
apiary, and I make this increase by tiering up two hives
full of the best brood with about a quart of bees until the
most of the brood is hatched. By that time I will have a
very large colony of young bees just in the prime of life,
and when these bees are all shaken into a single hive and
treated I will have a first-class colony made out of them. In
every apiary that I had treated in the honey season I always
had increase made by having the best brood tiered up with
about a quart of bees, and left until most of the brood was
hatched, and then had these bees treated just the same as
the old bees that I shook off the brood and treated first.

HOW TO CURB THE APIARIES OF FOUL BROOD.

In the honey season, when the bees are gathering freely,
retnove the combs in the evening and shake the bees into
their own hives ; give them frames with comb foundation
starters on and let them build for four days, and store the
diseased honey in them which they took with them from the
old comb. Then, in the eveni?ig of the fourth day, i^L^e out
the new combs and give them comb foundation to work out,
and then the cure will be complete. By this method of
treatment all the diseased honey is removed from the bees
before the full sheet of foundation is worked out. Where
you find a large quantity of nice brood with only a few cells
of foul brood in the most of your colonies, and have shaken
the bees off for treatment, fill two hives full with these
combs of brood, and then place one hive of brood on the
other, and shade this tiered-up brood from the sun untU the
most of it is hatched. Then, in the evening, shake these
bees into a single hive and then give them frames with
comb-foundation starters, and let them build comb for four
days. Then, in the evening of the fourth day, take out the
new comb and give them comb foundation to work out to
complete the cure. After the brood is hatched out of the old
combs they must be made into beeswax or burned, and all
the new combs made out of the starters during the four days
must be burned or made into beeswax, on account of the
diseased honey that would be stored in them.

Where the diseased colonies are weak in bees, put the
bees of two, three or four together, so as to get a good-sized
colony to start the cure with, as it does not pay to spend
time fussing with little weak colonies. All the curing or
treating of diseased colonies should be done in the evening,
so as not to have any robbing done, or cause any of the bees
from the diseased colonies to mix and go in with the bees of
sound colonies. By doing all the work in the evening it
gives the bees a chance to settle down very nicely before
morning, and then there is no confusion or trouble. When
the bees are not gathjring honey, any apiary can be cured
of foul brood by removing the diseased combs in the even-
ings and giving the bees frames with comb-foundation
starters. Then, also in the evenings feed the bees plenty
of sugar syrup, and they will draw out the foundation and
store the diseased honey which they took with them from
the old combs. In the fourth evening remove the new
combs made out of the starters, and give the bees full sheets
of comb foundation, and feed plenty of sugar syrup each
evening until every colony is in first-class order every way.
Make the syrup out of granulated sugar, and put one pound
of water to every two pounds of sugar, and then bring it to
a boil.

Where you find the disease in a few good colonies after
all honey-gathering is over, do not tinker or fuss with these
in any way just then, but carefully leave them alone until
an evening in October, and then go to the diseased colonies
and take every comb out of these colonies and put six combs
of all sealed or capped stores in their place, taken from
sound colonies, and on each side of these all-capped combs
place a division-board. This will put these colonies in first-
class order for winter with little or no bother at all, and
the disease crowded clean out at the same time.

But some may say that the disease cannot be driven out
so simply in the fall by taking away the diseased combs
and giving the bees six combs that are capped all over right
down to the bottom of the frames. It can and does cure
every time when properly done, and if you stop to think you
will see quite plainly that the bees must keep the diseased
honey they took out of the old combs until they consume it.

as they cannot find any place in all-capped combs to put it,
and that will end the disease at once.

Many bee-keepers will no doubt say that this fall
method of treatment will not work in their apiaries at all,
because they would not have enough of the all-capped combs
to spare from the sound colonies, even if they could find
some all-sealed. Very true ; but you can very easily secure
abundance of all-capped combs by putting Miller feeders
on your sound colonies in the evenings in September, and
feeding these colonies all the sugar syrup you can get them
to take ; and then in October each of these fed colonies can
spare the two outside combs, which will be nicely capped
all over right down to the bottom of the frames, and with
these all-capped combs you will be provided with plenty of
good stores to carry out my fall method of treatment. I
finished the curing of my own apiary in the fall of 187S by
this sealed-comb treatment, when I had foul brood in my
own apiary. All of my methods of treatment are of my
own working out, and none of them ever fail when properly
carried out.

Empty hives that had foul brood in do not need any dis-
infecting in anyway.

In treating diseased colonies never starve any bees, be-
cause it unfits them for business and makes them thin, lean
and poor, and is also hard on the queens. I never starved
any bees, but always tried to see how fat I could make them
while treating them by feeding plenty of sugar syrup when
the bees were not gathering honey.

If you have nice, white combs that are clean and dry,
and that never had any brood in them, do not destroy one
of these, as they are perfectly safe to use On any colony of
bees just as they are, and are very valuable to any bee-
keeper. I once got a bee-keeper in the State of Vermont to
save over 2000 nice, white combs, when he wrote to me for
advice, and the saving of this class of combs must have
been worth fully $300 to him. But I have always advised
bee-keepers to convert into wax all old combs that ever had
one cell of foul brood in them, and the only article that will
take all the wax out of the old combs is a good wax-press ;
and as this will pay for itself many times over its cost, I
urge the bee-keepers everywhere to buy one.

Note. — Any bee-keeper desiring to know whether his
bees are affected with foul brood may send by mail a sam-
ple of the diseased comb, enclosed in a pasteboard box, to
Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont., Canada. Please see that
the sample is free from honey so that other mail matter
will not be injured.

Spring Feeding— Habits of Bees.

BY C. P. D.\DANT.

I BEG the reader to forgive me for referring to this sub-
ject once more, but I cannot leave Mr. A. C. Miller's
criticisms unanswered. This will be my last article on
this subject, for 1 realize that long controversies are tire-
some to the readers.

Mr. Miller (page 454) accuses me of taking his remarks
as a personal attack. I cannot see where he received this
impression. I aimed to answer nothing but his arguments
and assertions. But it is quite difficult, I will agree, for one
to keep his temper when another asserts that the facts you
advance are not true.

Mr. Miller takes me to task and criticises my arithmetic
and my ignorance of the length of time it takes for a bee to
hatch, because I said that the colony that had been self-
feeding by slow robbing had almost doubled in a month or
so. Mr. Miller, of course, takes the month from the first
day of the feeding instead of from the last, as it serves his
purpose better, leaving out two weeks of the increase caused
by continued feeding. At the end of a month from the first
day the increase caused would show but the result of nine
days of feeding instead of two weeks. I am so well aware
of the necessity of a lapse of time between the laying of the
eggs and the harvest, that it is on that point that all my
efforts are directed. I want my bees to rear their young at
the time when they are likely to be useful for the harvest.
If I induce breeding early I do like the poultry-raiser who
induces his hens to lay eggs early, when they are valuable.
If the harvest begins June 1st and lasts 4 weeks, the bulk of
the breeding must be done early in May, and the bees that
will hatch from eggs laid June 10th will help consume the
honey instead of helping to harvest it. So I insisted, and
still insist, on the necessity of encouratring breeding early
before the honey crop.

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

519

Left to themselves the bees will, of course, brn I all
through the spring, and will breed niore plentifully if they
are wealthy than if they are poor, provided they arc not
so crowded with honey as to have no room for brood ; but
the breeding will be still more enhanced if the colony is en-
couraged by feeding when there is nothing in the field. I
deprecate the feeding of a rich colony because there is dan-
ger of overcrowding their combs with honey, and for no
other reason. We have often, in the case of a rich colony,
practiced the uncapping of a few cells from time to time,
to induce them to feed and consume the honey. That has
about the same effect on a rich colony that a little feeding
has on the one that is more scantily supplied.

Mr. Miller quotes my own words in Langstroth Revised
on that subject. Let me in turn quote him, the master him-
self, in a previous edition :

"By judicious earlj- feeding a whole apiary may not
only be encouraged to breed much faster, but they will be
inspired with such vigor and enterprise as to increase their
stores with unusual rapidity."

Mr. A. C. Miller will, of course, take objection to this
teaching. He has tried feeding in all sorts of ways, and
■' always at a loss." Ergo, no one can succeed, Langstroth
and others to the contrary notwithstanding.

Because I said that we should not feed when feeding
would induce bees to fiy out in weather cool enough to chill
them before their return, or when they found honey out-of-
doors, Mr. Miller concludes that when we can feed, we
should not, and when we should feed, we can not. This is
hardly good faith. There are plenty of times when there is
no honey in the fields and yet it is suitable weather for bees
to fly. At such times feeding encourages breeding.

When I wrote the previous article, I stated that we were
then feeding some 60 colonies. It was about the last of
April, and we had been feeding already for some time. We
do not practice feeding every year, because it requires a
great deal of attention on the part of the apiarist, and I like
to look after this myself, and do not always have the time.
This year I had two reasons for doing it. The fields were
promising an immense crop of clover, and the weather was
so changeable, and the early blossoms so scanty, that the
bees were very irregular in their breeding. According to
Mr. Miller, I fed " at a loss." What of the results? Our
apiary foreman is acquainted with a number of apiarists in
the neighborhood, and he says: "There is not a single
apiary in the immediate vicinity that has such a crop as
your home apiary. Some colonies have yielded 400 pounds,
and the entire average at this date (about the end of the
clover crop) is about 300 pounds per colony."

There are a number of readers of the American Bee
Journal in this place, and it is not difficult to verify this
statement. Of course, Mr. Miller can say that we would
have a still better crop if we had not fed the bees, or that
the result is due to other causes. For my. part, I am sure
that stimulative feeding had much to do with the results.

Mr. Miller tells me that he is ahead of me on some of
the habits of the bee ; I'll grant this ; that the bees never
give food on the tongue. Whether this is so or not, it has
very little to do with the present discussion. I have seen
bees make a "show of tongues " — perhaps they were only
kissing. Feeding enchances breeding, because the bees
are stirred up by it and because the queen is offered food
more plentifully whether it be royal jelly or honey.

Mr. Miller denies flatly the deference of bees for their
queen, and asks me to " look again." And would looking
again and failing to see it cancel the hundreds of instances
where I have seen and shown to visitors, even on the comb
held in the hands, the bees making an admiring circle
around their queen and getting out of her way at the least
move she makes ? They realize that she is indispensable,
and are ever ready to offer her food, if they have any to
offer, which is of course oftener the case when some fresh
supply is brought from the field or from the feeder.

Of course, there is no such a thing as a " body-guard
liable to instant banishment from neglect of duty," criti-
cised by Cheshire, but this writer himself notices their at-
tentions to her welfare, and backing out of the way not to
impede her movements, with the constant offering of food
by the neighboring nurses. It is nothing but deference or
respect due to the knowledge of her importance in the hive,
call it in whatever terms you like. Hancock Co., 111.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Bacillus Alvei and Mesentericus.

DR. LAMFiOTTE awakcii.'d serious fears that the ralcrobo
of foul brood was notliiii<; more nor less than one of the

commonest bacilli, to ho found everywhere, only awaiting
sufficiontly favorablo conditions to start a case of foul brood.
It Is comforting to know that authorties whose opinions are
entitled to rospect do not accopt as sufficient the proofs that
Dr. Lambotto has given. I'rof. Harrison, a man of whom our
Kanuck friends ought to bo proud, seems to have given the
matter very careful consideration, and still thinks B. alvei
distinct from B. mesentericus.

Now comes a man whose word always counts, Thos. \Vm.
Cowan, and after reading what ho says, one hardly need lose
sleep over Dr. Lambotte's investigations. Mr. Cowan says
among other things, in the British Bee Journal :

An examination of Dr. Lambotte's paper will at once
convince the unprejudiced mind that there is very little to be
alarmed about. It is quite true that Dr. Lambotte says bacil-
lus alvei and bacillus mesentericus vulgaris are one and the
same, and that all previous investigators have made a mis-
take, but it is not necessarily true because he says so.

That the products of both have a ropy and viscous char-
acter does not necessarily make them identical, and even if
they were they might be produced by different bacilli. Much
importance is given to an assumption that the harmless B.
mesentericus can be, under certain conditions, made to pro-
duce disease, and upon this hypothesis— not generally accepted
— Dr. Lambotte bases all his conclusions. He is unfortunate
in his illustration, for he does not prove that " flacherie" in
silkworms is not produced by a specific germ, but only thinks
that " If the investigation were again taken up with the pres-
ent knowledge it would be found that at least one of the forms
of this malady would be traced to microbes of the mesenteri-
cus family." There is not a shadow of evidence in support of
this theory, or that mesentericus has anything to do with the
disease, and even if it did it would prove nothing in regard to
foul brood. We certainly can not understand Dr. Lambotte
trying to maintain his theory in the face of his experiments.
He failed entirely to produce foul brood with a cultivation of
B. mesentericus spread over the brood. Some of the larvas
were killed and surrounded with infecting material, but after
three days the bees had cleaned out the cells, and there was
no further damage. Although this experiment was repeated
a number of times, it failed in every instance to produce the
disease. We know perfectly well from long experience that
such an experiment with B. alvei would have produced foul
brood in a virulent form in the strongest colony.

Bacillus mesentericus is found almost everywhere, and
were it the cause of foul brood we should also hear of this dis-
ease wherever bees were kept, but there are many districts
where foul brood has not been known to exist, and in every
case of an outbreak where investigation has been made, It
was found that it had existed there before, or had been by
some means introduced.

Without going more deeply into the matter it need only be
said that we can not accept Dr. Lambotte's explanation,
knowing as we do how rapidly foul brood spreads even when
colonies are in the best condition. On the other hand, we also
know that when certain means are employed the disease can
be got rid of, so that with the present knowledge available we
need only follow out the practices usually advocated in order
to obtain the best results.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3)4x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflice.

520

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLkWAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

[ Our Bec-Hcepin§ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

An Interested Sister.

I am much interested in our " corner " of the American
Bee Journal. I am one of the admirers and readers of the
Journal, to which I have subscribed for many years. I will
be glad to be a " contributor." I have kept bees for about
.14 years, with varied luck and experience. I will write
more at length soon. Mrs. E. G. Bradford.

Newcastle Co., Del.

m I — m

How One Sister Dresses for Bee-Work.

I am not used to writing for publication, and it has
seemed quite a task. I fear you will feel like I do myself,
and will dump this in the waste-basket. However, I shall
make the effort.

I think the Sisters department fine, and enjoy the con-
tributions, particularly the dressy ones.

Lake Winnebago is less then a mile from us, and we
have a fine view of it from the porch. There are about 1200
apple, cherry, and plum trees in the orchards, and my bees
have an ideal home, as well as myself. I have 36 colonies.
I moved 39 colonies 14 miles last December, and put them
into the cellar without a flight, or even taking the screens
off the top of the hives, and so many of them came out and
died on the cellar-floor that I told my family I would be
glad to find half a dozen alive in the spring ; but they all
lived through. I found a great many broken combs, and
have had a great deal of work mending them, and clipping
queens' wings.

I number my hives with a crayon, and keep a book
with a short record of the condition of each colony, and then
I have some idea which ones need looking after first. They
are all strong, but none of them have swarmed, nor do I
want them to do so. Several are, or have been, at work in
the supers, and I have taken off a few nicely sealed sections
of dandelion honey, but the last two days we have had a
cold northeast wind, and to night it feels as if we might
have snow.

I have kept a few bees for 20 years. We found our first
colony clustered on an oak-tree. For a few years we
thought we did well if we got honey enough for our own
use. The men did not care for the bees as I thought they
ought to, and for the past IS years I have taken all care of
them. I only have to have them carried into and out of the
cellar.

1 buy my hives in the flat and nail them myself. I find
that if I care for 30 colonies I have enough to keep me busy.
Last year I had 23 colonies, spring count, and increased to
41. I had nearly 3000 sections of very nice honey, and
found two colonies had been robbed, and the worms had
eaten the combs. I doubled up some of the weakest. Just
as the blossoms were opening I carried the weakest colony,
after catching their queen, and put them above the one I
wished to unite them with, with a piece of strong paper be-
tween in which I had punched a hole large enough for one
bee at a time to pass through at night, and in the morning I
saw they were carrying out dead ones and having a general
war. I used a spray on both hives, using sweetened water
with violet perfume, and mixed them all up, putting the
frames that had no brood in the upper hive, and I have had
no more trouble since then. I have united two more without
the loss of a bee, so far as I could see.

I wear a sailor-hat, with black lace stitched fast to the
brim, and let it fall loose on my shoulders. If a bee gets in
I just raise my veil and let it out. I like an extra hat-pin
to pin my veil down in front if I am bending over a hive,
and find it handy to pick out a worm if I should happen to
see one.

I use a pair of asbestos gloves, such as firemen and
engineers use. They do not get scorched on the smoker,
and if I get them covered with honey, as I often do when
cutting out drone-comb, I take a cloth and wash them off,
and they are as soft as ever after they are dry. I clip off
the ends of the fingers and thumbs. I like a clean, well-

starched cotton -dress, or, if cool, a shirt-waist and heavy
skirt.

When cutting out drone-comb I crush all empty waste
comb in my hand into a ball and throw it into a basket or
bag with the scrapings and all waste, and after the season
is over I take a day and melt it out in the oven. If I have
pieces with brood in them I throw them out to the chickens ;
they are so fond of it, and they will come around the hives
waiting for it while I am at work, until the bees get after
them, when they soon forget what they were after.

Now, if this finds the way into the waste-basket I shall
not be surprised, as I do not think I have given any new
ideas, for I think I have seen it all in the American Bee
Journal ; but I should be delighted to give you a chance to
become better acquainted with me, if you should ever come
to this vicinity — right here at "The Orchards."

Elizabeth M. Smith.

Winnebago Co., Wis., May 31.

Indeed, your communication will not go into the waste-
basket. It is extremely interesting, and I hope you will
soon favor us with another.

You must have an ideal home. If you are any like me
you will thoroughly enjoy the lake, especially fishing in it.
I almost envy you that part of it.

I am glad you are sensible enough to use a record-book.
How any one can keep bees and get along without one is a
mystery to me ; but you see we don't all think alike.

I wish you would tell us more about those asbestos
gloves. Where can you get them ? Do they wear well ?
Are they proof against stings, etc.? Your bees are not as
cross as ours are this summer, or that loose veil would never
answer. Too many bees would get under it at once, and
when you were attempting to let them out a whole lot more
would get in.

Thank you very much for that kind invitation to get
better acquainted with you in that ideal home. I should
thoroughly enjoy accepting it, but this is such a busy world
I am afraid it won't be possible to do so very soon.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

When to Take Off Honey.

I have several supers of fine honey all capped over and
finished. Would you advise me to take it off and put it in
a well-ventilated room, or leave it in the hive ? If the latter,
how long ? Iowa.

Answbr. — Take it off as soon as finished. The honey
will be as good or better if left on longer, but the comb will
become dark.

<* m p

Brood-Cliamber Crowded with Honey.

Upon examining one of my hives I found honey all
through the brood-chamber, and, to my surprise, a dead
queen. Shall I take about 4 of these frames and put them
above in an extracting-super, or leave it to the new queen
to which I was going to give 4 frames of full foundation ?
Just at present she has no place to lay. Minnesota.

Answer. — If you intend to extract the honey, you may
as well extract it out of the brood-combs; but if you leave it
in the brood-chamber the bees will empty out cells as fast
as the queen needs them.

Pumpkin Blossoms as Nectar-Ylelders— Difference In
Bees.

1. Do pumpkin blossoms, nettles, common mint, pepper-
mint, snap-dragon, camomile and love-in-tangle produce
honey or pollen for honey-bees ?

2. I have five-banded Italians, the queens are large and
fine looking, but do not seem to produce extra-good gather-
ers, as other bee-keepers about a mile distance, but in an-
other valley, have nearly double the yield I have this sea-

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

521

son. I boug-ht a late June swarm from one of them. Would
you advise breeding from this swarm's queen, or introduc-
ing new stock by buying a new queen from some reliable
breeder ? and would you advise getting a red clover (jueen 7

Although these other bee-men are in a different valley,
they claim their bees come through a gap between the
mountains into the valley mine are in.

My hives are 10-frame chaff, reduced to 8-frames by
division-boards or dummies. Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Pumpkins and all kindred vines do, also
the mints ; I don't know about the others.

2. It is possible that your neighbor has better bees than
yours ; it is also just possible that his bees have the advan-
tage of pasturage, even if they are only a mile away. Be-
fore deciding fully, you can compare the work of the new
swarm with that of your other bees. As the expense would
not be great, it might be well at the same time to get a queen
of good stock — red clover queens may or may not be better
than others — then when you see the work of the progeny of
your new queen — that is, of colonies having queens reared
from her — you can breed from the best.

The Division-Board and Its Use.

In regard to the use of the division-boards, I would like
to be informed. Is the board placed in the center of the
brood-chamber or to one side, and for what purpose is it
used, anyway ? Minnesota.

Answer. — What you call a division-board is really a
dummy. Its purpose is to fill up the extra space in the hive
after all the frames are in. If the hive were just large
enough to take in the frames it would be difficult to take
out the first frame. The dummy is put in either side, and
is easily taken out. When that is out there is plenty of
room to take out the first frame. That gives the one and
only use of the dummy.

Swarming— RearlngTQiueens.

1. What is the matter with one of my colonies? It issued
as a swarm June 14, that returned to the old colony ; June
26, in the forenoon, they issued as a second swarm, which
returned, and a third swarm came out in the afternoon,
which I hived. Two days later a fourth swarm came out.
I sent these back by killing the queen and cutting out all
the queen-cells, for the old hive had a queen. They do not
have any brood now.

2. How can I rear some queens when there are no
queen-cells in any of my colonies ?

3. What caused one of my colonies to cast two swarms
that returned, and not any that stayed out ?

4. Will an 8-frame dove-tailed hive hold enough honey
to winter a 12-pound swarm ? Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. June 14 the old queen issued with a
prime swarm. Through defective wings, or for some other
cause, she could not go with the swarm, and the bees re-
turned. By June 26 a young queen had emerged, but she
was also unable to go with the swarm, and you hived the
swarm with a later queen. No brood would be ia the hive
till their young queen was old enough to lay.

2. Remove the queen from a strong colony and the bees
will start queen-cells galore.

3. It may be that the queen could not fly. Then they
tried it the second time with the same result. Then because
of discouraging weather, or for some other reason, the bees
gave up further swarming.

4. Yes, if the frames are full enough.

Moths and Worms Destroying Bees.

How can I drive out the moths and worms that are de-
stroying my bees? They kill the brood, and even get into
the supers. How would it do to throw salt or lye into the
hives ? I fired one hive, but that was hard on the bees.

Illinois.

Answer. — There is no way you can dri^e the bee-moth
without driving out the bees ; but you can get the bees to
do it for you. Keep your colonies strong, and they will look
out for the moths, especially if you have Italian blood in
your bees. You can, however, give the bees some help by
disposing of the large worms in the combs. Take a wire-

nail and pick a hole in one end of a worm's web or gallery,
then start at the other end, digging after the worm till it
comes out for you to kill.

Colonies Eatine Eggs and Destroying Queen-Cells—
Extracting from Brood-Combs, Etc.

1. Why do queenless colonies eat or destroy eggs given
to them to rear a queen ? One of my colonies destroyed a
cell I gave them, and are queenless yet.

2. Can honey be extracted from comb having a small
patch of brood in it, and not injure the brood ?

3. How long can a queen be confined without injuring
her future laying 7

4. Why does a queen sometimes lay 2 or 3 eggs in one
cell?

5. Why do bees swarm after filling the body of the hive
and full size 8-frame body on top one-fourth full, as mine
did yesterday, July 6 7 Idaho.

Answers. — 1. Bees frequently eat or destroy eggs given
them or left with them when queenless. I don't know why.
They will also destroy queen-cells sometimes for no appar-
ent reason.

2. Yes, if you don't turn rapidly enough to throw out
the brood.

3. I don't know ; probably a week or two ; possibly
longer.

4. Sometimes there seems to be something exceptional
or wrong with the queen ; she lays two or three eggs in a
cell when other cells are empty.

5. Generally because crowded for room ; in which case
it's a sign of a good queen.

Lazy Bees— Comb or Extracted Honey— Introducing
Queens.

1. I have a colony of bees which seems lazy ; they will
not store honey in the super at all, while the others do.
Would it be a good plan to requeen 7

2. Which would be more profitable for this locality
(northern Vermont) comb or extracted honey, both selling
at the same price ?

3. Which hive is the best to use for extracted honey, the
8 or the 10 frame Langstroth, or the Draper barn ?

4. Do you think forced swarming could be successful
here 7

5. I have a new swarm in a Danz. hive which is too
weak to work in a super. If I should have another swarm
come out would it be all right to hive them in the same hive
with the weak one 7

6. What is the most successful way of introducing
queens 7 Vermont.

Answers.— 1. Probably ; although without knowing
more about the case it is hard to say.

2. Probably extracted.

3. One of the larger size.

4. Yes.

5. Yes, only you must look out for fighting if the added
swarm has a virgin queen.

6. Hard to tell. The plans are legion, every plan her-
alded as the most successful, and each in turn failing at
times. Lately I have been using the water plan with entire
success, but whether it would always succeed so well is a
question, for I have used it only during a honey-flow. Hold
the queen in water till she is nearly, or entirely, drowned,
then give her to the queenless colony by laying her on one
of the top-bars.

Amerlkanische Bienenzucht, by Haps Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

522

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

^'REVERSIBLE WALL MAP*^

OF THE

UNITED STATES kW WOELD

WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF

Glilna, GuDa, Tom Rico, Tli6 nilliPDlnes, Hawaii, and fliasKa,

illy prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map that will give a quick, general idea ot location of events the world over, a

ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessirms. Very useful in every Home and Office.

06x46 IIVCIIES IIV SIZE.

ErjE-VEl>T BEJ^XJTIFXJnLi OOLORS.

Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.

The XX

Plates

are works of art.
The engraving- is
plain, bold, and
decisive. The color
work is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.

PerFec-
tion and
Artistio
EleQanoe

a salient feature
of this map not ap-
proached by any
similar publica-
tion.

No Home or Business House
should be ■without it.

It has been pronounced a XXX

Photograph of the World

T^XXX

Marginal
Index

is one of the in-
valuable features.
It gives an al-
phabetical list of
countries, their lo-
cation on map,
style of govern-
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area, products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.

The 1900 Censits .TiC J5C

of the largest American Cities is given.

One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world.. Statistics on the population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

1901 EOII'IOi^. — Every reader should c-»«a.sult it every day. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc. Especial attention is given to th^ topography of the country ; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated. The leading cities and towns are shown, special attention being given to those along lines of railroads. The
Canadian section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked. The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.

On llie reverse side is the I.iibrary IVlap of tlie World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced. The political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined in colors. The ocean currents are clearly shown and
named. Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given. A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world. A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports aud exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. The Inset Maps are elegantly engraved aud printed in colors. They are placed in convenient positions around the
United States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain understanding of our possessions. An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.

j?^" Two maps on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express ; or we will

forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each ; or for S2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

.523

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1 6 12

Honey Queens (Untested)..! .75 $ 4.U0 $ l.M
" " (Tested).... 1.25 l.WS 13.00

Golden " (Untested).. .75 4.00 7.00
" (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13 00
2-franie Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders, J3.00 each, after Juna 1.
' Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in lieht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

OcoNOMOWoc, Wis., Aug. 1, 1903.
I like your queens. The best of any that I
ever had. Respectfully yours,

Frank D. Gondekson.

Litchfield, III., Aug. 3, 1903.
Dear Sir: — Enclosed please find money order
for $1.50 for which send me two untested honey-
queens. The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right. There are no bettar.

Respectfully yours,

GUS PlCAM.\N.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writinE,

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

A Great Year for Bees.

This has been a great year for bees here ia
Kansas. Some of the bees have swarmed
again and again, and where they have had
the proper care they have stored from 50 to
150 pounds of white clover honey per colony ;
and we still have the fall flow to come, which,
at present, seems very promising.

I have the care of 60 colonies, some of them
belonging to my neighbors, and I care for
them on shares. J. M. Christie.

Coffey Co., Ivan., Aug. 3.

Brought Up Among Bees.

If I live to see Aug. 4th, I shall be 67 years
old. I was brought up among bees as a child,
and was with them until I came to America,
33 years ago.

A friend of mine bought 7 colonies one year
ago, and gave them to me to be run on shares.
This year I have transferred all but 3, and in-
creased to 34, and all are doing well. I put
them in 8-frame hives with half sheets of
foundation.

I was taught a good deal about bees and
their nature and ways, yet I am glad that I

h Rariciiance

FINE QUEENS— either Golden or Honey
Queens, balance season. Untested, 50 cents;
Tested, $1.00.

J. F. MICHAEL,

33A2( R.F. D. 6, WINCHESTER, IND.

$300,000,000.00 A Itkn

and you may have part of it If you wnik
for us. Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for B&mples and partic-
ulars. We famlBb capital to start you in

buslnesii. Draper PiiblUliiBKCo..Cblc«{o.lll

Sections, Stiipplng-Gases,
tioneu-Cans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

_

mr

Z-

z^

^

p -4-^+4^4-

^=f=^lP\

1

P

1

1

1

^^¥

=

1

^m

6,000 FARMER AGENTS

are now Bt-llini; PAGE FENXE to tbelr
PACK. HOVl.N WUIK FI'NCE CO., Adr

■igLbora,
n, Mich.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

A 5TANDARD=BRED

QFEEN-BEE FEEE

To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untestea
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear— well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 £. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writins: Advertisers.

524

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

can find so much help in the good old Ameri-
can Bee Journal. I can not do without it,
and I am not like the poor fellow who wanted
it stopped because he had no time to read it.
Poor fellow ; I pity the man.

I shall want to ask a question or two after a
little if it is all right, as I am building a bee-
bouse and want to go into extracting a little
next year. John Coates.

Dunn Co., Wis., July 29.

[Send on your questions any time. — Ed.]

Home-Made Grape-Nuts and Postum.

In a late editorial there was an objection
made to mixing honey with some cheaper
food to increase the sale of honey. I wish to
give an account of a little discovery that I
lately made.

I was eating a slice of bread well saturated
with honey when I was called away. I slipped
the plate in the oven, and when I resumed my
meal I had "Grape-Nuts." Further experi-
menting showed me that crusts of bread sat-
urated with honey and dried in the oven gave
me "Postum."' I was using Postum and
Grape-Nuts at the time, but I make my own
now at a wonderful saving.

I wish that you would test this, and also
discuss it at the coming convention.

Understand, the crusts of bread for Postum,
and the inner loaf for Grape-Nuts — a " predi-
gested" food— at a saving of 7.5 percent.
What would it amount to if all the bee-keep-
ers would use it? S. Trowbridge.

Clay Co., Fla., July 22.

Not Satisfied with Honey-Prices.

My 65 colonies of bees came through in
good condition, although an exceptionally
cold April was very hard on them. May,
however, brought its fine weather, and we
have done, I think, very well considering that
we keep bees as a " side line."

We have increased, by swarming, to 88 col-
onies, and taken 3575 finished sections of
honey.

I am not satisfied with the prices. For in-
stance, the Kansas City quotations on the
same grade of honey that I produce is *3..50
and $3.75 per case, while the Birmingham,
Ala., price is $3.00 a case, less freight, and 10
percent commission. When we remember
what a city Birmingham is, and what a fine
market it is for other produce, we can readily
see the importance of asking more for our
honey. And to ask more means to get more
— X have tried it. We should get together
and get 13>., cents at the apiary for our No. 1,
and 16?s' cents a pound for our fancy comb
honey.

My wife enjoys the Sisters department, and
if we did not have so many girl babies to
look after she might sometimes write a line
for it.

Register us as being in favor of black bees
for comb honey ; and the American Bee Jour-
nal for our guide. R. V. Goss.

Walker Co., Ala., Aug. 3.

rLj_: Fine White Clover Flow._c=i

The white clover houey-flow was fine,
although a good deal of rain and bad weather
have been sandwiched in. Had we gotten
through the winter with strong colonies, or
if we had even had fair weather to build up

Tliousands ot Hives ■ Millions oi SeGiloos

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Natick House,

Cor. First and Haln Sts.,

LOS ANGELES.

HART BROS., Proprietors

"The Popular Hotel," remodt led; 75 additional rooms, all newly furnished. Everything
strictly first-class. Elevator. American plan, $1.2S to $3.00; latter includes suites with private
baths. European plan, 50 cents up.

HEADQUARTERS of the National Bee-Keepers' Association during the Convention.
Aug. 18, 19 and 20.

Please mention Be© journal ■when writing.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

SB) lOft 2511; SOB)
Sweet Clover (white).... $ .75 $1.40 $3.25 $6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80

WhiteClover 1.50 2.80

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mall.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILI .

4.25 8.00
6.S0 12.S0
4.25 8.00

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queens sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. d. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA.
Flease meutinn Bee Journal ■when ■wiitlna

BEE-KEEPERS' SPECIAL TOURIST CARS
VIA SANTA FE ROUTE TO LOS ANGELES

*^ LEAVE CHICAGO^

First Special Car via
Grand Canyon of Arizona,

Wednesday, flua. 12111, 10 p.m.

Arrive Grand Canyon
Saturday, Aug. IS, 5:30 p.m.

(Spend Sunday at Canyon.)
Leave Canyon Monday, Aug. 17, 9 a.m.
Arrive Los Angeles Tuesday, 18, 8 a.m.

Second
.... Special Car ....

Friday,

fluQust utn,

10 p.m.

Arrive Los Angeles
Tuesday, August 18th,

Round Trip— Los Angeles, S.".Tuni?.*oc«;fer'.sth,
San Francisco, ie"r°n";.'..'"'""=' $50.00.

Sleeper— Double Berth, $6.00.

Additional for Grand Canyon Side-Trip, $6.50. Sleeper, 12.00.

, M. CONNELL,
Qen. Agt.

SANTA FE

Marshfield Mannfactiiring Company.

Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market.
Wisconsin BASSWOOD is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for free illustrated catalog and price-list.

Marshfield Manufacturing Company, Marshfield, Wis.

6A26t Please mention Bee Journa] wten WTitine.

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

525

ADEL QUEENS.

?hr.So" Jl-0(

Three ijueens -i -c

s'''?''«°« .■:;;.•.■::::;;:■ liS.

Twelve Queens

^^ , prtce%T''."''lni()rovedQu6en-RearinG

Send for 25page Catalog.

Plea^emention Bee Journal wuhu writins.

HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

^ -- Everything I

FOR BEES... §

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

qqqssqss&qsssqqq;

Catalog^ with hundreds of
NEW illnstrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

*♦*

AGENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co., 7^

Lincoln, Nebraska. (7
Shugart & Ouren,

Council Blufifs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

Kno.'cville, Iowa.

s^!?s;ss^ss'«»««»«««»^

Long Tonoues ValuaDie

South as well as North.

How Moores strain of Italians roll In the
honey down In Texas.

T D vr.. r.^"I°' '^^^■' Not. 19, 1902.

. J. P. MooRE.-Dear Sir:-I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of vou. I could
Jl^^' """e" sooner, but I wanted to test them
thorough y and see if ibey had those remarka:
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee I
must confess to you I am more surprised every

n.w^ ,; V,, 5^^"S that they get honey where
ness of h^.'nHr""' '7'.°^ '" '°^' ^"^ for gentle-
PrtfnS p D d'°^' ' "^"■'^ °=^«'' seen thi like.
* riend E. R Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get

,h,°nL'"f^'^ °'i"^ *^"- I '^i" "press my
thanks for such queens. I am mon. thai

SiTnl^-i'''"' ''""^ "^ outapiTrTes n^ex"
spring wi h your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
of^necuf ""^ ''"^ '° '""''^ tbe^reatestquantity

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested
o cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, 17.50. Select
untested, Jl.OO each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.C«

fular%7iJ^ ?'"' ^'^i'lv^"''"' guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
?ll'l\ ^°'* /1^» probably be able to do so tm
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box I, Morgan, Ky.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal when ■writing-

QUEENS.

UROTHEK Bee-Keepers:

I thank you for the many
orders I received this year.
I have 700 Nuclei, and can
send o or 5 banded Queens
by return mail. During
August, for 60 cents each; 6
for $3.50; 12 for $6.90. Tested
W.OD each; Breeders, $3 00
each. My bees are of the
very best strains. You can-
not get any better at any
price. I make a specialty
of queen-rearing.

.gain. Remit by Pos?a?MonVorder°.' '"P^"^

DANIEL WURTH,

-'^'^" "Barnes City, Karnes Co., Texas.

WARM YOUR HOUSE

•Mow cost by usinK the LEADER Steel Furim....
Saves coal, time, trouble. Send for free booklet No S
Beu Warmlnc and VentUatta* Co., Chleaeo. iu.

T-ieasp mention Bee journal -wnen wnting.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the llrt<t iJt }"oa
take In to start you In & good paying busi-
ness. Send 10 cents for full line of simnlei
and directions how to beirtn.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chicago, III*.

'5

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

REMARKABLE queens".^"^""" ""

Untested, 7oc each; 6 for «4m i t»».«.( «, m

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for. . . . .: ! ! ! :* ^:g^ | leTe'cf i?isSd"$t^ e °LV 6 for.- ^u^^

Best money can buy, $3.50 each. ^"

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at matiufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co,,

Front and Walnut, - CIMCINNATI, OHIO

from spring, we would have had a " tjumper '•
crop. The quality is excellent.

I have been kept constantly " at the post "
early and lale. I feared overstocking my
pasturage here at home, and took 2.5 colonies
to another yard 6 miles away, but it would
have Ijeen better to have kept them here until
after the white clover flow weakened, which
isaboutnow, I have 110 colonies here, and
will move some of them out to other yards to
ail up for winter stores, in place of feeding
them sugar, as I did last fall. T. W. Hall.

Sioux Co., Iowa, Aug-. 1.

Exceptionally Good Season.

Last season I started with o colonies in box-
hives, 2 of which I transferred to frame-hives
before they swarmed. The H not transferred
early in the spring gave me ,s good swarms,
and the last one on .June 10, 20 days after
each box-hive colony cast the first swarm I
transferred them to standard or Simplicity
hives, and now have 13 colonies, all in good
condition. Some of the prime swarms are
now working in the third super, and may
need more room in a week or two, if the
honey-flow continues. It has been excep-
tionally good this season.

H. A. SCHOPPENHORST.

Warren Co., Mo., July 2?.

Best Season in 10 Years.

This is the best honey season we have had
in 10 years. My best colonies have given me
200 pounds each of extracted honey up to
this date. I have tried for comb honey,
averaging also 100 pounds each.

Although northern Michigan is better
adapted to the production of extracted than
comb honey, I have mastered this problem
with the aid of more experienced apiarists.
George J. Moloney.

Cheboygan Co., Mich., .July 22.

A Tlieop.y on Queen-Rearing.

I have been much interested in the discus-
sions in the American Bee Journal on queen-
rearing. I have made a special study on that
line for several years, and have had some ex-
perience in rearing queens artificially. Like
Mr. Geo. B. Whitcomb, on page 475, I have a
theory. Although he was loaded with smoke-
less powder, I think he missed the mark en-
tirely. Now, I will not use any powder, but
will just hand in my theory, and the readers
of the "Old Reliable" can compare it with
Mr. Whitcomb's.

We will suppose a colony of average
strength; take them from their winter quar-
ters the first of April ; the bees begin gather-
ing pollen, they have plenty of stores, and
the queen quickly fills the comb within the
cluster with brood. Now about this time the
brood hatches. The weather being warmer,
the bees gathering from fruit-bloom, the
queen is soon laying at her full capacity, and
soon has all the empty comb occupied, and
now she must stop laying so rapidly there
will not be so many laryse for the nurse-bees
to feed. There is an over-supply of royal
jelly, and the young bees are hatching by the
thousands, with practically nothing to do, as
there are several nurses for every larva. Now
is the time, if the weather is favorable, that
they will make preparation to swarm, and

526

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 13, 1903.

will rear good queens either naturally or
artiflcially, for the reason that they have an
over-supply of nurse-bees and royal food. It
makes no difference about the size of the
hive, so that it is full of bees in the above
condition. If the weather is warm, and a
good flow of honey, you will get good queens.

Now about the laying worker: I think any
time when a colony has an over-supply of
nurse-bees, that they sometimes feed some of
the larviE more royal food, or feed for a
longer time, than they should to develop a
worker; and if the colony becomes hopelessly
queenlessone or more of these over-fed bees
will try to perpetuate the colony, setting her-
self up as a queen, and laying eggs. I do not
believe that there is any difference in the
eggs of a queen, they are all fully developed
eggs.

Now, we will suppose that we have a col-
ony with the above conditions reversed, that
is, the number of nurse-bees are too few to
properly teed the young larvae, and some of
them are stinted or weaned too soon. Now,
what will be the consequences? I have a
theory (but I am not very sure about it yet) ,
that when those underfed bees hatch they
will have paralysis. C. P. McKinnon.

Marshall Co., Iowa, Aug. 4.

Single Blessedness Not Encouraged
Longer.

With the help of my 13-year-old son I am
looking after 23.5 colonies of bees. I do all of
my own house-work. Strange for a man to
talk so, isn't it' Well, I have done so for 11
years, and never until this summer have I so
badly felt the need of a " queen " in the
kitchen. Just imagine a man baking light
bread, and it almost ready to go in the oven,
and 115 swarms of bees out at one and the
same time. Well, as a bee-keeper, I won't
encourage single blessedness any longer.

This (Delta) county will have only a
medium crop of honey, but it is of excellent
quality. It has been the worst season for
swarming in years, and it seemed almost out
of the question to stop it.

Since reading the Bee Journal, this summer,
I have come to the conclusion that a man can
not be up-to-date who does not take one or
more good bee-papers.

There are some questions I want to discuss
with my brother bee-keepers when I get time

n the near future, as it better prepares us for
successful work. W. S. Beverlin.

Delta Co., Colo., July 23.

A Report from Nebraska.

In 1902 I increased from 9 to 32 colonies,
because I did not know how to prevent it.
After reading the " Old Reliable " I wintered
the 22 colonies successfully, coming out last
spring all strong excepting 2 colonies that
were weak and queenless. I united them
with 2 other colonies, leaving 30 colonies for
1903. I have not had a swarm, and hope to
finish the season without increase.

I have kept bees eight years, and this is the
first year I have studied their needs. I just
begin to see what could have been stored by a
few colonies well cared for had I taken a bee-
paper and read it.

No farm should be without a few colonies of
bees, even 3 or 3. Keep them contented with
plenty of ventilation, some shade and foun-

Tennessee Queens,

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian, Select long-tongued
(Moore's), and Select,Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3% miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2^6 miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
S miles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. -WARRANTED
QUEENS, 60 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.25 each. Dis-
count on large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for circular.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9X26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

IS OOOD MONET

.light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
Une of sajnples and particulars.
DRAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, Illt.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let os quote you prices. ROOT, b
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

dation when needed, and you will have a pure
sweet for the table.

Do not neglect to sul«cribe for some good
bee-paper, then take time to read it, adver-
tisements and all. The successful farmer
reads one or more good farm papers. Why
not the bee-keeper;

The bees have had one continual picnic
since white clover commenced to bloom, and
the second crop of alfalfa was left standing
until the winter wheat and early oats were in
the shock, much to the joy of the busy bee.

The honey crop in Platte county for 1903
will be a fair one. Extracted slow, and comb
honey in quick demand.

Let us hear from more Nebraska bee-keep-
ers. S. P. Dkinnin.

Platte Co., Nebr., Aug. 1.

For Sale

Will sell from 10 to SO

Colonies ot Bees

in Dovetailed Hives.
„ g-Qod condition. C^ _

REAGOR, Shelby vllle. Tenn.

B

INGHAIH'S PATENT

Smokers

T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, MIcfa.

Bred from best Italian honey-gathering stock,
and reared in PULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be good Queens and
free from disease. Untested, TSc each; 6, $4.00.
Tested, $1.25 each.

8Atf

CHAS. B. ALLEN, ^, „
Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.

FKEB FOR A MONTH ....

If yott are Interested In Sheep in any way

Sou cannot afford to be without the best
heep Paper published in the United Statu.

W^ool Markets and Sbeep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, fir8t,foremo8t and all the time.
Are you interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND HEEP. CHIGABO ILL

Cause of Loss of Queens.

After reading the item on " Bees Carrying
(iueens Out,'' I think I can give the correct
cause. I think they killed the queens.

Last spring I lost several queens, and will
give the cause of their loss. Out of a house-
apiary containing 19 Danz. hives I lost 5 colo-
nies and 6 queens, 4 of the colonies dwindling
after their queens were lost.

During the early rains the packing got wet,
and I removed it. I then discovered that
cleats nailed on the inside of the hive kept the
covers from fitting on tightly, and the chaff
cushions on top of the brood-nest got in a 'oad
condition. I concluded to remove the cleats,
and in doing so jarred the hives, causing some
of the colonies to ball their queens. The
cover of the hive was heavy, and in removing
it and placing it back on caused considerable
jarring.

A bee-keeping friend told me of an experi-
ment he once tried. Going to a strong col-
ony he struck the hive one blow with a ham-
mer. Upon examining the colony a little
later he found the queen had been killed.

Be very careful not to jar the hives during
early spring, especially in removing them
from the cellar, or in case it is necessary to
handle the frames. With fixed frames special .
care must be exercised or else you will lose
more or less of your queens.

A. G. Young.

Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., July 30.

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has-

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any

Dittmer's Foundation !

"'^''worLing '»vax into Foundation tor Cash a Specialty. Beeswax
al^vavs ■wanted at liigliest price. T,r,^r. i- i-«

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

"" . GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

Sole Agents for Canada

Queens NowReady to Snpply m Hetnrn Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.
y^ t jt ij. f ^ ^ Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,

Qolden Italians 75 cents; 6 for $4.00.

«-v j/^t /^ „„-.-^ vvhich left all records behind in honey-

KCU Clover Queens, gathering, untested, $1.00; 6 for S5.00.
x-» • 1 -^ ^ —They are so highly recommended, being more gentle

C/arniOlanS than an others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

GU Uf UfCDCD 2146-2148 Central Avenue.
. Hi Wi W CDtn, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Moth.)

Aug. 13, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

527

Bee=Books

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 3-'S pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch ot Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
year? ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out ot print lor a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, §1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advancedr Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion ot the book called "Bees and.
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leathe""
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

Close Saturdays a 1 p.m. — C)ur custo-
mers and friiMi.ls will kindly remember that
beginning with .luly 1, for three months we
will close our oilii^e and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Satunl.'iys. This is our usual custoih.
Nearly all othiT lirms here begin the Saturday
afternoon clo.siiij,' with May 1st, but we keep
open two nionth.s later on account of the local
bee-keepeis who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

National Convention Notice.

The 84th Annuf&l Convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Los
Angeles, Calif., on August 18, 19, and 20,
1908, in Blanchard's Hall, at 235 S. Broadway.
The headquarters of the Association during
the convention will be at the Natick House,
corner of First and Main Streets.

It is expected that this will be the largest
and best convention ever held by the bee-
keepers of America. Every one interested in
the production of honey should be present, if
at all possible. Besides the question-box,
which will be one of the special features of
the program, the following subjects will be
discussed in papers by the prominent bee-
keepers mentioned. Afterward a free and
full discussion will be had by all in attend-
ance who wish to participate. The subjects
and men to introduce them are as follows :

"Honey Exchanges and Co-operation
Among Bee-Keepers" by Prof. A. J. Cook,
Claremont, Calif.

" How to Make Money Producing Extracted
Honey," by J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif. Re-
sponse by E. S. Lovesy, Salt Lake City, Utah.

" The Production and Sale of Chunk
Honey," by Homer H. Hyde, Floresville,
Texas. Response by C. P. Dadant, Hamilton,
111.

" The Eradication of Foul Brood," by N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.

" Reminiscences of Bee-Keeping and Bee-
Keepers in the Early Days," by A. I. Root.

There will be reports by the officers, which
include Pres. Hutchinson, General Manager
France, and Secretary York.

The California bee-keepers are planning to
give all in attendance one of the grandest re-
ceptions imaginable on the first evening, Tues-
day, Aug. IS. No one will want to miss this
feature of the convention.

It is an opportunity of a lifetime to take
the trip to California, as all convention mem-
bers can avail themselves of the low railroad
rates, as it comes at the time of the Grand
Army meeting in San Francisco, and the same
rates apply to Los Angeles.

For further information or particulars that
may be desired, address the Secretary, 144 E.
Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Georoe W. York, Sec.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Pres.

Ppo H V *° fi'l orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
■V^au J from stock that for hardiness and
(rood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tenn.

CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t Ml D.jNaLD, Bradley Co., Tenn.

Flease mention Bee journal wnen writlne

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

I Boys, GirlB, old and youDK alike,
' maUie money working for us.
We fornlsh cmplt&l toiUrt yon in boat
leH. Seodoi 10c ■Umii or gllTer for foil InstructloDi &d<] a lineot

wplwtoworkwlth. UKAPER PUBLISHING C0.,Chic4C0.111.

Mease mention Boe Journal "wnon ■wriung

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.^RKET QUOTATIONS

CiiiCAc.c, Aug 7.— Consignments of the new
crop are coming to commission houses that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is not any consumptive demand thev are find-
ing diillculiy in disposing of it. Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices, as some merchants ask 10 cents for
honey that others hold at IS cents. The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled. Iteeswa.v steady at 30c.

Kansas City, July 28 -Some new comb honey
in market, but on arcount of hot weather the
demand is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day. Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No. 1, white and amber, 24 sections
per case, $3 25; No. 2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions, per case, $3.00. Extracted, white, per
pound, 6(qibi4c; amber, 5}ic. Beeswax, good de-
mand, 25®30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., July 18.— We are receiving
some shipments of new comb honey, mostly
from the South; the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c. Extracted slow at 6@"c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is verv light,
and we shall have to depend upon other sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of honey.
Beeswax, 30fe32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from S}i@6iic,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 7^)8 c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, lo'^WM cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Moth Co.

New York, July 8.— Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12W13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
5@S>ic for light amber, Sii®6i4c for white, and
the common Southern at from SO@SSc per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.

HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. July 20.— The demand for honey
continues slow. New extracted and comb be-
gins to be offered largelv. Prices show a down-
ward tendency. Extracted sells at the follow-
ing prices: Amber in barrels, SCfOSJic; alfalfa,
6Mc; while clover, 7<a>liic. Comb honey, fancy
water-white, will bring 14@lSc; no demand for
lower grades. Beeswax, 27@30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, July 22.— White comb honey.
115i@13iic; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
S'A@S c; light amber, 4J:Ji95c; amber, 4"i@4J<;c-
dark. 3K@45ic. Beeswax, good to choice, lightl
27M@29c; dark, 25@26c. >=• e ^

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

WANTED' Extracted Honey.

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

^. . ^^THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atl Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manz.inola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY-White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax Spot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.
Please mention Bee Jotimal when writing

528

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Auff. 13, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yoii
tvijl not be disiiappointed.
Wc are iindei'sold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a fall line of our g-oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

S'lea.se rr-eutioi. Bee Journal when -vmuuv..

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
i New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)tor a year at $1.00; or tor $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such invest meats are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For- a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning- the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft.H.HflNSON, G.P.ft.,GhicaQO.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

lAEISE

LUC JJISU. JKJVKiMJi.L. lUdl

DOOLITTLE...

is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from his choice honey-
gathering stock, by re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:

1 Untested Queen . .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. 2.25
1 Tested Queen .... 1.25

3 Tested Queens 3.00

1 select tested queen 1.S0
3 " ** Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00

Circular free, giving particulars regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc. Address,

a. m: doolittle,

29Dtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal wlien writlnB

tie.ja^iamje,ja,si»:ie,je»yi,ja,ja.jA,.is»ji^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

No LOSS. PATENT WBBD-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.

FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNQ,

^W^h^r Hrtf>e W Cl^ll cr» vi/f^ll V Because it has always given better satls-
VVliy UUCA 11. sen a>0 WCll r faction than any other. Because in as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS *■>

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

^'"ea'^a mention Bee Journal "wti^n -wTirtTA,^-

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff. Wis .July IR, 1903.
The a. 1. KoOT Co.. Medina. Oliio.

Dear Sirs:— I thought I would write
'you a few lines in repard to the Red
Clover Queen 1 got from you. Tbey
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.

Just think. 72 nice aectiona of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
]8tb. It seems as though they will surely
All 48 more.

1 dont bno'
are any lonpe

C. E. Kei.LOGS. Spring Bluff, Wis.

Dear Sir —We have yours of July 1 8th
and would be plaa to have you advise us
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some parties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige, Yours trulv.

THE A. 1. KOOTCO.

8PBING BLrFF,WlS.. Julv31, 1903.
THE A. I. KoOT Co., Medina. Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day. In regard to your question in
reference to ihe cappings of the honey
from these bees I will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 06 one-pound
sections now. 1 am quite sure they will
All two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. I would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and 1 will be glad to send you a
few.

Now, I haven't told you Atx their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to handle I
have. 1 could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.
There are a lew traits about thi

are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they don't seem to want to

write you ayaln in a few weeks and let you know if they All the 144 ■—

3 that

seem to me
I will
they will.

KespectfuIIy

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are again
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

* ,'i.70
11.40
17.10

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, E,L., AUG. 20, 1903.

No. 34.

530

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

PtTBLISHED WEtKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, ill.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilsok

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a. year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual MEMBERSHiP. SI. 00.

Send dues to Tn

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary— George W, York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Board of Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo ToEPPERWEiN, San Autonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lioveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiT.LE, BorodiDO, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

I^~ If more convenient, Duea may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
_, a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mall, (. cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

Ready for Immediate Delivery.

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices :

One Nucleus for $4.50 ; or 5 at $4.00 each.

With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While soflie of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPT OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WBSKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

-^1861 U"

o

^EHICA.1^

Fcf^^^ "^S^^"

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. 20, 1903,

No. 34,

c

Editorial Comments

]

Queen-Xurseries for Honey- Producers. — Queen-rearing
is quite a business by itself, and the man wlio maltes a business of
rearing queens to sell can afford to use plans and appliances not gen-
erally used by one who rears queens only for his own use. Yet if the
importance of having best queens were felt as fully as it should be,
the average honey-producer would in his plaus and appliances prob-
ably come nearer the commercial queen-rearer than he now does.
Probably few honey-producers use anything in the line of a queen-
nursery, but it might be an advisable thing to do for any one with 50
or more colonies.

Queen-cells nearly mature are put in a queen-nursery where the
young queens may emerge from their cells and still be confined sep-
arately, and then instead of a queen-cell, a virgin queen may be given
to a nucleus or a colony. There are advantages in this. The cell
may contain a dead larva, or it may contain a young queen with
defective wings, making her worthless. No loss can occur from either
of these causes if the young>queens be allowed to emerge in a nursery.
A good cell is sometimes torn down by the bees, and as a young queen
ii not always easily found, days may be wasted by the bee-keeper
awaiting the laying of the queen when no queen is present, for he can
not always tell by the look of the cell whether a queen has emerged
from it or not. It is a nice thing to have a few virgin queens on hand
for emergencies, and with a nursery a number can be kept in one hive,
but without the nursery only one can be thus kept.

A friend who rears queens only for his own use says he would use
a nursery if he never used queen-cells except by taking them from
colonies that had swarmed. He has used with satisfaction both the
Pridgen and the Stanley. The Pridgen has the advantage that there
is no possibility of the bees getting at the cells to destroy them, and a
cell may have quite a hole in it and yet hatch out all right. Neither
can a queen ever get out of its own compartment, as it sometimes does
in the Stanley. The Stanley has the advantage that being made of
excluder-zinc the bees can get to the cells as freely as if they were on
the combs, A cartridge containing a young queen can also be taken
out separately to be taken elsewhere, whereas with the Pridgen the
young queen must be allowed to come out of its compartment before
it can be taken elsewhere.

Comb vs. Foundation. — In a previous issue of this journal,
Adrian Getaz suggests the prevention of sw-rming by taking out of
each colony every few days a frame of brood, and replacing it with a
frame of foundation, saying that empty comb will not answer the pur-
pose, as " the bees would often fill it with honey before the queen
could lay in it.'' In one of the two-men conventions held by Editor
Hill and 0. O. Poppleton, as reported in the American Bee-Keeper,
this matter came under discussion, and Mr. Hill says:

It will be noted that Mr. Getaz advocate's the use of foundation
in preference to a brood-comb because of the additional advantage
thus secured by the queen. Here is where Mr. Getaz and Mr. Popple-
ton collide. According to the experience of the latter gentleman,
either a sheet of foundation or a comb which had never been used for
breeding purposes, are effectual barriers to the queen's progress —
acting, in tact, somewhat as a division-board would do in dividing or

restraining the brood-nest, according to the position occupied by the
said new combs or foundation; whereas, if given a brood-comb which
has been formerly used for breeding purposes, she is quick to avail
herself of the opportunity to extend her egg-laying operations. It is
understood that during the height of the season, when brood-rearing
is being pursued strenuously, the queen will quite readily take to
"any old thing " in the way of combs, whether old or new, or whether
full sheets or starters are used; but the point is, the queen's individ-
ual interests are greatly assisted by the use of old brood-combs, under
all circumstances.

" When " two such " doctors disagree, who shall decide?" It is
very certain that at least sometimes, when a, frame or two frames of
empty comb are given to the bees in the time of harvest, those combs
will be filled with honey before the queen could have the time to. fill
them with eggs. Tha.t does not, however, leave it a foregone conclu-
sion that in all cases this filling of honey into the combs would be an
effectual bar to their use by the queen. The question is whether,
when the combs are thus filled by honey, the bees will again empty it
out as fast as needed by the queen.

Mr, Hill urges that the queen prefers old comb in which to lay;
Mr, Getaz, that the bees prefer old combs in which to store honey;
both are no doubt correct; the practical question remains. Will a
frame of foundation or one of drawn comb do most toward the pre-
vention of swarming? If a frame of drawn comb and one of founda-
tion were given side by side, would that help to settle it?

Bee-Paralysis Reconsidered.— The following note has been
received from Dr. Miller:

Mr. Editor: — I take pleasure in forwarding to you a letter re-
ceived from O. O. Poppleton, and although intended only as a private
letter, it is of such general interest that I am sure my good friend, Mr,
Poppleton, will forgive me for giving it entire to your readers.

I must thank Mr, Poppleton for calling attention anew to his
method of cure, and ask his pardon that in the press of affairs it was
not given the attention it fully deserved. Mr, Poppleton is a man of
much and varied experience, whose word is entitled to thorough credit,
and it is to be regretted that of late years we see so little from his pen.

C. C. Miller,

The letter of Mr, Poppleton referred to reads as follows :

Dade Co., Fla., July 11, 1903,
Dr. C. C, Miller, Marengo, 111,—

Mt Dear Friend; — Will you grant me the privilege of hinting
at a change which ought to be made in some of the answers to ques-
tions you have made within the last few months? I refer to the idea
that there is no cure known for bee-paralysis, etc. See your answers
in the American Bee .Journal for .June 4 and .June 11, 1903, E. K. Root
makes the same statement in a still more positive manner. See Glean-
ings for Aug. 1.5, 1902, page 6T9; for Sept. 1, page 7'30; Feb. 1.5, 1903,
page 100 ; and May 1, page 396.

There is- a certain cure known for the disease — one described by
myself several years ago in the Review, and a couple years ago in the
American Bee-Keeper. I enclose a copy of the latter, which you will
see touches on all the points raised by inquirers and writers in the
American Bee .Journal and Gleanings within the last few weeks.

Please notice how extensive my experiments were — some 40 or 50
cases cured with considerably over a hundred untreated cases under
observation ; also the careful, thorough manner of conducting the ex-
periments, by treating only a few cases at a time, and comparing them
with other still untreated cases; then treating a few more at a time,
and so on until all were cured. The result of this careful work was
that every treated colony recovered in about the same number of days
after treatment, while 'ill the others remained diseased until treated.
Handling as directed in the article prevents all loss of brood or brood-
combs, and is a very important point.

If the condition of my eyes would allow, I would gladly write an
article on this subject for either of the papers, which would fully an-
swer all the inquiries lately made. In lieu of that I thought that per-
haps calling your attention to what is already in print would give you
a chance to help any future inquiries.

532

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

This is not written for publication, simply for your future use, if
ever needed.

Tiie coming caeeting of our Association at Los Angeles, Calif.,
comes so early in the season that it is impossible for me to get away
to attend it. I am much disappointed, but it can not be helped. Wn
have three distinct (lows of honey here in South Florida— winter,
spring, and summer. The first and last are almost total failures this
year, while the spring flow was extra good. The crop, as a whole, thf
poorest I have had in years —probably a little less than 100 pounds per
colony. O. 0. Poppleton.

P. S. — I think the many failures reported in the use of sulphur is
simply because it wasn't rightly applied. Everything, to succeed, has
to be done rightly. P-

On another page of this number will be found an article written
by Mr. Poppleton for the American Bee-Keeper of April, 1901, which
gives in full his treatment of the disease.

One of the strange things about bee-paralysis is the very great
difference of opinion as to its importance. Some view it as a much-
dreaded scourge, while others think it scarcely deserving attention
And with reason. In the North It appears in a mild form, seldom
affecting any considerable number of bees, always disappearing of
itself, while in the South It is a very serious matter. Having lost from
it " about 15,000 pounds of honey, and quite a number of colonies of
bees," Mr. Poppleton can certainly not consider it a matter for light
consideration in Florida, where he now lives.

For the benefit of the novice, it may be well to mention briefly the
signs by which the disease may be recognized. Some of the bees of a
colony will be found on the alighting-board trembling as with the
shaking palsy. Then they become somewhat swollen, and are black
and shining from the removal of their plumage, perhaps caused by the
abuse of the other bees which drive them from the hive; and later
they stagger off upon the ground to die. If you find this condition of
affairs in the North, you need scarcely give the matter a second
thought; it amounts to but little, and in all probability will disappear
of itself, perhaps to return in a short time, perhaps not at all. But if
In the South, it will be well to give it immediate attention, and It will
be well to apply thoroughly Mr. Poppleton's plan of cure exaetly as he
gives it. ^^^^_^_^_^^^^^_

Bees Feeding Each Other.— On another page appears an
article from Arthur C. Miller, referring to some remarks made on
page 467. The bump of veneration seems to be poorly developed in
Mr. Miller, if not entirely lacking. No matter how hoary with age
may be any tradition of the fathers, before accepting it as truth he
insists that it must have the endorsement of the bees, just as much as
it it were a belief uttered only yesterday.

It will be noticed that some care was taken not to come into very
violent conflict with Mr. Miller's statements, chiefly a few questions
asked. And with the same continued caution some questions may be
mentioned that might be asked by some one anxious to defend the
traditions of the fathers. Mind you, it need not necessarily be under-
stood that in this quarter any doubt is entertained as to\he impregna-
bility of Mr. Miller's position; just a suggestion of questioning that
might arise In the mind of one accustomed to cherishing the old tra-
ditions. Some of those questions might be the following:

When bees appear to be caressing the queen, but are not caressing
her, what are they doing?

When a queen pokes her tongue from the partly opened cell as a
feeler, what is she feeling after J

If food always has to be asked for, how does the queen ask for it?

Having mentioned these possible questions, the American Bee
Journal might take the responsibility of asking just one question on
its own account. In the article in the present number emphasis is put
upon the point that food is not given by the tongue, but by the mouth,
and the opening sentence gives the impression that in this quarter the
opposite view is held. Now the question Is : What Is there said on
page 467 In any way hinting that food is given by the tongue rather
than by the mouth 1

Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this olBce.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

Miscellaneous Items

The Apiabt of R. H. Jeuks, of Australia, as shown on the
first page, appears to be a model of neatness. The group of people
also are a happy looking company. When sending the picture, Mr'
Jeurs wrote as follows :

I have been a subscriber to the " Old Reliable" for about eight
years. I have about fiOO full colonies and nuclei. I go in for queen-
rearing extensively, and all my queens are reared on the Doolittle
plan.

This not being a first-class locality, I have not made a record for
honey, l:)ut it is improving, and a few years ago I thought I was play-
ing up, having gotten H tons of honey; later I reached 12 tons, and
bid fair to go to 20 or ao tons.

I have worked up a private demand for my honey, and have thus
disposed of S tons in one year. By so doing I have made bees pay
me. R. H. Jeurs.

Notice op Dissolution. — By mutual agreement the partnership
heretofore existing between Charles Mondeng and P. J. Doll, under
the name of the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Manufacturing Co.,
of Minneapolis, Minn., has been dissolved. Charles Mondeng retiring
from said firm. All accounts and bills receivable due the late firm are
to be paid to said P. J. Doll, and all accounts and bills payable will
be paid by said P. J. Doll. The business will be continued under the
old name, and at the same stand. Charles Mondeng.
P. J. Doll.

A Convention op Two.— Perhaps it might be called a series of
conventions. That experienced veteran, O. O. Poppleton, each year
takes his bees to the vicinity of the Florida home of Editor Hill, of
the American Bee-Keeper. This year the bee-business in that region
has not been very rushing, and it is only natural that Mr. Poppleton
should occupy some of his leisure in making frequent visits to the
editorial sanctum. As might be expected when two such men meet,
each visit is a veritable bee-convention, and the first pages of the
August number of the American Bee-Keeper is occupied with what
the editor calls " A Medley," discussing various things apieultural
suggested by the reading of this and other journals, making very
interesting reading.

Association Notes

The Wilson Co. (Tex.) Association.

Pursuant to a call, the bee-keepers of Wilson, Karnes, Goliad,
Atascosa and Bexar counties, Tex., met at the Court House in Flores-
ville, and organized themselves into an association to be known as the
Wilson County Bee-Keepers' Association. The following officers were
elected: H. H. Hyde, president; J. B. Scott, vice-president; and M.
C. West, secretary.

A committee was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws
for the association, and report at next meeting.

On motion, Mr. Homer H. Hyde was nominated and unanimously
elected as a delegate to the convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association at Los Angeles.

The following Ijee-keepers were present: Louis H. Soholl, L.
Stachelhausen. H. Johnson, H. Piper, J. B. Treon, H. H. Hyde, M.
C. West, 0. F. Davidson, J. M. Bell, J. D. Bell, J. B. Seott, W. W.
Davidson, W. T. Brite, W. E. Crandall, W. H. Mathis, W. M. Wiu-
gard, J. T. Bell, M. M. Faust, L. Haynes, E. N. Smith, J. M. Forest,
Jos. Robinson, and J. H. Kolmeyer.

The convention then adjourned to meet Sept. 3 and 4, 1903.

Organized a Bee-Keepers' Business Association.

In convention at Floresville, Tex., Aug. 7, the bee-keepers of Wil-
son, Atascosa, Karnes, Goliad and Bexar counties voted to organize
themselves into an association for the purpose of assisting the bee-
keepers to a better market for their products, and for purchasing and
distributing bee-keepers' supplies.

It was voted that the plan of association be modeled after that of
the Colorado Honey-Producers' Aseociation, an association of the bee-
keepers of Colorado, which has been eminently successful in dispos-
ing of the product, and meeting the needs of the bee-keepers of that
State.

Books were opened for the subscription of slock in the association,
shares to be worth ?10 each.

The organization then proceeded to the election of oflicers, which
resulted as follows: Dr. J. B. Treon, president; J. B. Scott, vice-
president; and Will M. Wingard secretary.

Adjourned to meet Aug. 21, 1903.

Aug-. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

533

[ Convention Proceedings |

Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOI,!,, SEC.

The annual meeting' of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation was called to order by Pres. Udo Toepperwein, at 9
a.m. of Julj- 8.

The first subject of discussion was that of the election
of officers for the ensuing term. This, according to the
printed program, was to be left toward the close of the
meeting, but as some preferred to have the election of offi-
cers first, it was, after some discussion, put to a vote, result-
ing in that the election be proceeded with, and these were
elected: President, W. O. Victor ; Vice-President, J. K.
Hill ; and Secretary-Treasurer, Louis H. Scholl.

The following committees were then appointed by Pres.
Victor :

A committee of three to revise the Constitution and By-
Laws : J. B. Salyer, Louis H. Scholl, H. H. Hyde ; and to
which was added the name of Prof. E. Dwight Sanderson.

A committee to inspect and to report on the CoUeg^e
Experimental Apiary : J. M. Hagood, F. L. Aten, and Udo
Toepperwein.

A committee to judge the honey on exhibition : H. H.
Hyde, J. F. Teel, and J. K. Hill.

A committee on resolutions : O. P. Hyde, W. H. White,
and Z. S. Weaver.

A committee on program for the next meeting : O. P.
Hyde.

The next annual meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, to be held at Los Angeles, was discussed for
some length, and also what had been done by several of the
members of the Texas Association in trying to get that
meeting to be held at San Antonio this year. Every eS'ort
was used to get the meeting, but as the factor of cheap rail-
road fare plays the greatest part in the selection of the place
of meeting of that Association, and as the meeting of the
G. A. R. at San Francisco this year offered such induce-
ments, it was most natural that the National should follow
them. That left Texas to come in second. And we are
glad of that fact. What we now have for the National is a
most urgent invitation to come to Texas with their next
meeting — and if that can not be, then we want them to
come the next, or the very first chance that they may get.
The Texas Bee-Keepers' Association is quite a portion of
their body, and we certainly have a right to have them come
to meet with us one time, anyway. There are about TO of
us who are members of that great Association, and we are
growing- in numbers; and we would grow much faster if
the Association would only come to Texas once, so that the
bee-men of this great State could get better acquainted with
it and its objects. We are hoping that we shall see them
soon.

The Texas Association will send several delegates to
the Los Angeles meeting, viz.: Udo Toepperwein, Louis
H. Scholl, and W. O. Victor.

Then the subjects of the regular program were taken
up, and Prof. E. Dwight Sanderson, the State Entomolo-
gist, addressed the bee-keepers on

APICULTURAL WORK OF THE A. & M. COLLEGE.

First, let me extend you a cordial and hearty welcome
as you again assemble hereto discuss methods for the im-
provement of Texas bee-culture. Being charged with the
direction of the experimental apiary here, it is with much
pleasure that I meet this Association for the first time, to
listen to your discussions, and to learn from you those lines
of exper.mental work which will be of most immediate
practical value.

The apicultural work of the A. & M. College falls nat-
urally under three heads ; viz: (1) Investigation, (2) Police
Work, and (3) Education.

(1) Investigation. — The experimental apiary, founded
through the efforts of this Association and my predecessor.
Prof. F. W. Mally, has been undergoing a steady process of
development. In a little over a year it is impossible to fully

equip such an apiary and secure larg-e results with but part
of one man's time devoted to it. Furthermore, it requires
time to become familiar with methods suited to the honey-
flow of the locality. I feel, therefore, that my former as-
sistant, Mr. Wilraon Newell, has done exceedingly well, in
view of the fact that it was possible to devote but a part of
his time to this work. We lost his services reluctantly, but
were unable to meet the inducements offered elsewhere.
Mr. Newell will present the results of his work to you so
that any review by me is unnecessary.

It has been apparent for some time that for successful
work the entire time of one man should be devoted to api-
culture. We have, therefore, secured your secretary, Mr.
L. H. Scholl, as assistant and apiculturist, who will give
practically his entire lime to apicultural work after the
present summer.

We have also found that considerable additional equip-
ment is needed at the bee-house. It is our purpose to add
another room to the present house, with cellar beneath it,
and to secure all necessary apparatus and supplies for the
lines of investigation outlined below. For this purpose we
have set aside S900 — almost double the amount available
during the past year. College Station is by no means an
ideal place for bee-keeping, and we have found the honey-
flow insuflicient to supply over 40 colonies at most. This,
and other factors, have led us to arrange for two out-yards
in the Brazos River bottom, some ten miles from the col-
lege, where experiments will be carried on under our direc-
tion, but without expense to us. Future lines of investiga-
tion proposed by Mr. Scholl and Mr. Newell, many of them
already undertaken, may be briefly mentioned as follows :

Comparison of hives and construction of improved and
special hives ; comparison of races of bees ; comparison of
methods of management ; methods of preventing swarm-
ing ; methods of running- out-yards; studies of the home
manufacture and styles of comb foundation ; methods and
profit of manufacture of vinegar from cheap honey and
honey-waste ; methods of bottling honey ; planting for
honey ; native honey-plants, etc. These, and other prob-
lems which may suggest themselves, will be taken up as
fast as feasible. With the additions now contemplated we
shall have the best apiary of any agricultural college or
experiment station, and the only one, to our knowledge,
with an apiculturist. We may, therefore, reasonably ex-
pect to secure results of value from these investigations
during the next few years, which will be published upon
completion.

(2) Police Work. — Through the efforts of this Associa-
tion, a bill for the suppression and control of foul brood and
other diseases of bees was introduced in the 28th Legisla-
ture by Hon. Hal Sevier, of Sabinal, to whom we are under
many obligations, and finally passed. The law covers the
situation quite eflectively, but most unfortunately provides
no funds for its enforcement. The writer called the atten-
tion of the author of the bill and the officers of this Asso-
ciation to the necessity of providing funds for the enforce-
ment of the law if it were to become effective, but without
avail. This is to be much regretted, and I believe shows
the necessity for further strengthening this Association,
both as regards membership and organization, in order that
the importance and size of the industry may receive better
recognition. But though no funds for the inspection work
contemplated by this law are available, its mere enactment
is a distinct forward step, and funds for its enforcement
can doubtless be provided by the next legislature. Mean-
while we shall endeavor to do all possible toward the en-
forcement of the law where foul brood is known to exist by
correspondence, and will prevent any knowing violations
of its provisions as far as possible. This Association can
be of the greatest assistance in this work in creating public
sentiment in favor of the most thorough treatment of dis-
eased bees. It also seems to me that local or county asso-
ciations or sections of county farmers' institutes could do
much toward the discovery of diseased bees and securing
their proper treatment.

(3) Educ.\tion. — Two lines of educational work are in
our charge— instruction of students at the college in apicul-
ture, and the instruction of farmers and bee-keepers
throughout the State by means of literature and talks at
farmers' institutes and bee-keepers' conventions. Until the
present year no provision was made for instruction in api-
culture in the regular agricultural course. It is now an
elective study through the senior year, so that all who wish
may obtain a full course. Special courses will be given to
suit individuals whepever possible. Considerable student
labor is also employed at the bee-house, and a boy inter-
ested in bees can thus secure a deal of practical knowledge

534

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

of them. Our equipment for the instruction of students is
undoubtedly the best of any institution iu the country. It
remains for the bee-keepers of the State to make this branch
of our work a success. Send us your boys, and get your
neighbors" boys to come to the college for a full agricul-
tural course, or a short course in bee-keeping and special
subjects. Perchance older heads may also find it profitable
to spend a few months here in study ; one of our most en-
thusiastic students, in the short course in agriculture last
winter, had passed three score years and ten. Before many
years go by we hope to send out from this institution some
bee-keepers who will be a credit to the efforts of this Asso-
ciation, and will do much for bettering the status of Texas
apiculture.

We are wont to be proud of the fact that Texas leads
all the States in amount and value of bees and their prod-
ucts. I have been studying the statistics of apiculture in
Texas and other States as given in the 12th United States
Census, and have secured some facts on this subject which
may be of interest to you. It seems that Texas bee-keeping
is much like the live stock industry with the longhorn
steer — large quantity and very little quality. We are proud
to number some of the most successful and progressive bee-
keepers of the country as Texans ; but for every one of
these there are a thousand devotees of the old " bee-gum "
whose bees and their product vastly increase the quantity,
but woefully lower the quality of the apiary products.

First, let us compare the industry of Texas with that of
the United States and other States and sections. Bee-keep-
ing is more popular here than in many States. Seventeen
percent of our farms have bees, while there are only 12.3
percent of those throughout the United States. But in
nearly all other respects Texas stands near the bottom of
the list.

The average amount of honey produced on farms re-
porting bees for the United States is 86.5 lbs.; for Texas
79.5 lbs.; slightly more than the average for the South Cen-
tral, 66 lbs., and South Atlantic States, 62,4 lbs., but less
than the North Central, 85.8 lbs., North Atlantic, 106.9 lbs.,
and far below the Western States with 304.4 lbs. per farm
reporting. L,ikewise the average value of honey produced
on farms reporting bees for the United States is $9.42 ; for
Texas, $7.80; the South Central and South Atlantic being
$6.90 and $6.78 ; while the values are greater in the North
Central. $10.07, North Atlantic, $12.50, and Western, $28.38.
In the United States the honey product per colony of bees
averaged 14.9 lbs.; for Texas, 12.2 lbs.; for the North Cen-
tral States, 16.9 lbs.; for New York, 18 lbs.; for California,
28.3 lbs.; for Colorado, 29 lbs.; and for Arizona, 49 lbs. The
average for Texas is slightly more than that for the South-
ern States, 11.3 lbs., but is exceeded by that of Arkansas,
Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, and Florida. The aver-
age production of wax per colony for the United States was
43 lbs.; for Texas, 41 lbs.; for Arizona, 69 lbs.; and Califor-
nia, 89 lbs.

But the value of the product of the average colony is
the best indication of the quality of our bees and status of
bee-keeping in Texas. The average value of honey and
wax produced per colony for the United States was $1.62 ;
for Texas, $1.19 ; lower than the average for all the South-
ern States, $1.20, and exceeded by all other sections of the
country as follows : North Atlantic Division, $1.94 ; North
Central Division, $1.98 ; Western Division, $2.54 ; Califor-
nia. $2.56 ; Colorado, $2.87; and Arizona, $3.55. In other
words, whereas the Texas product was valued at $468,527 in
1899, had the colonies been as productive as the average for
the United States would have been worth $637,363 ; and had
they produced as much as those in the Northern divisions it
would have brought $770,972 ; while had they averaged as
well as the Western division the value would have been
more than doubled, and considerably over a million dollars.
The same point is brought out by a consideration of
the average value of bees per colony. For the United States
this is $2.42 ; for Texas but $1.91 ; there being only seven of
the States (mostly southern) having a smaller value, while
the average for all Southern States was $1.95 ; for the North
Central, $2.95 ; Western, $3.10; and North Atlantic, $3.31.
Thus the total value of Texas bees, $749,483, though about
SO percent greater than that of any other State, would have
been increased to $973,090 had they been worth the average
for the United States, and to about $1,200,000 had they been
worth the average value exclusive of the Southern States.
Altogether, had Texas bees been of a quality of those of
the average for the United States their total value, with
value of their product, would have been about $400,000
greater ; and had they averaged with those of the Northern
and Western States, they would have had about $750,000 |

greater value, and been worth appro.ximately one and a
half million dollars.

But let us consider apiculture in Texas locally by coun-
ties, and we may possibly learn something which will
throw light upon the above figures. I have compiled two
maps, showing the local conditions of apiculture in Texas.
The first gives the number of colonies in each county, and
is colored according to the number of colonies per farm in
each colony. The latter is secured by dividing the number
of colonies by number of farms. It is to be regretted that
the census does not give the number of farms reporting
bees for each county. We see that 59 counties, mostly in
the Panhandle country, have no bees. Of these, 40 have a
considerable poultry product. Twenty-six counties have
less than 100 colonies. East of Austin there is not over an
average of one colony per farm. Twenty- eight counties,
scattered through the central part of the State, have 2 to 4
colonies per farm. But 7 counties have 4 to 6 colonies per
farm ; five — Chambers, Dimmit, Frio,; Kinney, and Kimble
— have 6 to 10 per farm, while Uvalde has 23, and Zavalla
35 per farm. These figures show that the number of colo-
nies are pretty evenly distributed throughout the humid
portion of the State, but that there are relatively many
more per farm in central and southwest Texas.

To appreciate the conditions, however, we must consult
the second map, showing the pounds of honey produced per
colony and value of bees per colony in each county. The
map is colored according to the honey produced per colony.
These figures show that the valuation placed upon colonies
is very largely a local matter, and not related to the pro-
ductiveness of the colonies, with the exception of Wharton,
Dimmit and Uvalde counties, where the price has clearly
been raised by the introduction of improved bees. In four
counties less than five pounds of honey is produced per col-
ony. In 56 counties from 5 to 10 pounds of honey per col-
ony is produced ; and in 41 counties between 10 and 12
pounds per colony.

Thus, in over half the honey-producing counties of the
State (98 out of 180) less than the average of 12.2 pounds of
honey per colony is produced. In 40 counties it is but little
over the average, being 12 to IS pounds. In 26 counties IS
to 20 pounds is secured. Six counties — Rains, Brazoria,
Travis, Scurry, Winkler, and Presidio — produce 20 to 25
pounds, but there are only 45 colonies in the last three
counties together, so they are not to be considered. Seven
counties, including Starr and Midland, which have but 12
colonies, Wharton, Menard, Live Oak, Dimmit, and Uvalde
produce over 25 pounds per colony. Thus, but five counties
have a production equal to the average of the Western
States.

Another map should show the total honey production
for each county. It would reveal that the five counties of
first rank as regards honey per colony produce 6 percent of
the crop of the State ; that the three of the class producing
20 to 25 pounds per colony (excluding three with but 45
colonies) produce 4 percent of the total ; that the 21 (exclud-
ing those with but few colonies) producing 15 to 20 pounds
per colony produce 19 percent of the total ; and that all
together these 29 counties, having an average production
per colony greater than that for the United States, produce
29 percent of the total production of the State.

Of those counties producing 12 to 15 pounds per colony,
over the average for the State, 35 (excluding five having
less than 100 colonies) produce 27 percent of the crop of the
State. Thus, the 64 counties, or 33 percent of the honey-
producing counties of the State, produce 54 percent of the
total crop. The remaining produce the other 46 percent.
This points to the conclusion that the bulk of Texas honey
comes from counties east of Austin, which produce about
the same amount as the average per colony for the State,
12.2 pounds.

It is to be regretted that 'the value of honey for each
county is not given, and that the value of honey and bees-
wax is combined in the total for the State, as these figures
would give us a better indication of the quality of the prod-
uct of different sections of the State. I am aware that the
census was subject to much error, and that it is now three
years old. But in comparing it with figures secured from
bee-keepers in different counties, we are inclined to believe
that the census is fairly accurate as a whole, and more to
be relied upon than private information. Though a large
advance has been made in apiculture in Texas in the last
three years, and some shifting in the areas of greatest pro-
duction, still the general conditions are doubtless practically
the same. Those of you who are familiar with local condi-
tions can doubtless better and further interpret the above

Aug. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

535

statistics than can I, but one or two conclusions seem to me
quite readily apparent :

(1) The bulk of the bees and honey of Texas is of a low
grade.

(2) The honey is produced mostly east of the Colorado
River.

(3) In this area there might easily be supported five to
ten times the present number of colonies.

(4) By improvement of the bees, and by better methods
of hiving and management, the average product per colony
might readily be increased SO percent.

It seems to me that these facts open up a large field for
our apiculturist to do valuable missionary work in bettering
apiculture in Texas. It seems to me that many a farm
might support a number of colonies of bees, cared for
largely by the women and children, which, like the poultry,
would go far toward furnishing the comforts of home and
happier living. In connection with the development of large
fruit_ interests, there is also a chance for many moderate-
sized apiaries, for fruit-men are coming to learn that they
must have bees to produce many varieties of fruit in per-
fection. Nor does it seem to me that professional bee-
keepers need have any apprehension of an increase in the
number of colonies, and consequent product will have an
undesirable effect upon the market for first-class honey.

The market for honey is practically undeveloped, and
the supply is far from filling the demand. As long as the
market is not glutted an increase in production, providing
the quality is maintained, exercises but little influence on
the price of the first-class product. It seems to me that by
bettering the methods of bee-keeping throughout the State,
this Association will be doing much toward securing better
prices for the products of its members. Unfamiliar with
the conditions of apiculture in the widely varying condi-
tions of this great State, it is impossible for me to point
out the local application of these statistics, but their signifi-
cance will be readily appreciated by this audience, and as
time goes on we trust that Mr. Scholl will further elaborate
this preliminary survey of Texas apiculture. We trust that
with your cooperation and support we may do much toward
bettering and furthering this most interesting and profit-
able industry.

In closing, let me again welcome you here. Visit the
bee house and yard. Mr. Scholl will be glad to explain all
details to your satisfaction, and we will appreciate all sug-
gestions or criticisms. Let me assure you that though not
a practical bee-keeper by profession or training, it will be
my constant endeavor to direct the apicultural work under
our care to the best interests of the advancement of Texas
apiculture. I trust that in a few years Texas may lead in
the quality of her bees and their product as well as in the
quantity, and that her experimental apiary and the organi-
zation of her bee-keepers may be the best possible. To
these ends we shall devote our best efforts, and with the
continued assistance and support of this Association we do
not doubt their achievement. E. Dwight Sanderson.

A unanimous vote of thanks and appreciation was ex-
tended to Prof. Sanderson for the interest he has taken in
the pursuit of apiculture in Texas.

■ Some figures of Mr. Toepperwein were very interesting,
as they showed to some extent the great amount of honey
that was produced in Texas. He reported that 13,000 cases
of cans, of 120 pounds each, had been already sold, besides
190,000 sections. Of honey already shipped he says there
was 1,560,000 pounds, both comb and extracted. The Hyde
Bee Co. report about twice that much more.
(Continued next week.)

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honay. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free ; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Contributed Articles

Bees Feeding Each Other— Apiarian Errors.

BY ARTHUK C. MILLKK.

SO, Mr. Editor, you think Mr. Miller is guessing when he
says that bees never offer food to the queens or to each
other on or by the tongue.

Suppose I answer you Yankee fashion by asking if you,
or any one of your acquaintance, ever saw food so given and
can swear that it was so given. Don't answer hurriedly,
but before you answer at all, let me ask you to go and look
at the bees. Take a frame from the hive, hold it up before
you, and when you see one bee getting food from another,
just tip the comb over until you can look at the bees from
the side— see them in profile— take a magnifying glass if
you wish. You will find one bee has its tongue in the other's
mouth, and that the tongue of the latter is folded back un-
der her chin. Now, if the bee with the projected tongue is
the giver, why is the other not taking it on her tongue as
she should be to fulfill present theories, for you say the
queen puts out her tongue to receive food ? But if the bee
is taking food, why is not the giver's tongue out giving it,
if that is the way food is given ?

Now, just consider the structure of a bee's tongue ; is
there anything about it to suggest the possibility of food
passing from one tongue to another? Does it look possible
or probable? Did you every hear of any one seeing two
bees holding the tips (" spoons ") of their tongues together,
or of one bee holding the " spoon " against the grooved face
of the others's tongue, or of the grooves of two tongues be-
ing held together? Did you ever consider why several
drones put out their tongues toward a brother drone when
that brother is getting food ? Offering him food, aren't
they ?

The bee-keepers may go on believing food is given on
and by the tongue, and a whole lot of other errors if they
choose, and I cannot stop them, and if it makes them happy
far be it from me to take away their pleasure. But they
must not expect others to take much stock in what
they say on other matters relating to bee-life, when they
are so blind to what any one may see if they will take the
pains to look.

I don't ask any one to take my word for the manner in
which bees get food, or take my word for other things about
bee-life. I only describe them as I see them, and any one
can go and see the same things in any colony.

Beedom is full of hoary-headed, fossilized errors
which should either be buried or put into glass cases as curi-
osities, but it is high time they got out of the bee-press,
and gave the room over to more progressive matter. I take
a host of bee-papers, and month after month wade through
a sea of rehashed topics that would have been settled long
ago had the truth been allowed to prevail. Matters of prac-
tice in practical apiculture hinge on a knowledge of bee-
life, and where this knowledge is lacking— or worse, where
error is held in its stead— practice is pretty sure to be at
fault.

It's theories, not conditions, which have been our guide ;
now let's reverse things and go ahead. Running around in
a circle is nice fun for little children, but rather undignified
and certainly unprofitable for older persons.

Providence Co., R. I.

[See editorial reply on page 532.- Editor.]

Bee-Paralysis— Sulphur Cure a Success.

BY O. O. rOI'PLKTON.

I PROMISED some time ago that as soon as I knew the
result of certain experiments not then finished, I would
write out some of my experiences with bee-paralysis in
my apiary.

The disease is more widespread and serious than most
bee-keepers realize. Twice within the last 20 years it has
lessened the season's receipts from my apiary over 25 per-
cent, entailing a loss of about 15,000 pounds of honey and
quite a number of colonies of bees. There is more or less
of it every year.

The disease itself is exceedingly erratic— comes and

536

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI^AC.

Aug. 20, 1903.

goes without any apparent cause, and without strictly fol-
lowing any rules. Colonies in perfect health will sometimes
be attacked suddenly, and in a very short time be reduced
to a nucleus. At other times a diseased colony will suddenly
recover without any known cause. For this reason no rule
can be made by experiments with any one or even a few
colonies. And now, after a personal experience with over
200 diseased colonies, I more than ever realize how little we
really know of the nature, causes, prevention, or of the dis-
ease. While I am satisfied that it is to a limited extent
contagious, I do not know exactly how the contagion is
communicated.

While in Washington, just after the Philadelphia con-
vention, Mr. Benton introduced me to Dr. Howard, United
States Entomologist, and I had a short talk with him about
his Division making a scientific investigation of the dis-
ease. He asked me to call on him in his office and talk the
matter over ; but when I did so he was out. I was disap-
pointed, as I hoped, through him, to get some real, definite
knowledge of the disease and how to fight it. I still hope
that some practical scientist will do this work for us.

I have not yet learned how the contagion, if any, is
communicated, but I think through dead or diseased bees
only. Last season I made some experiments to learn
whether combs, honey or brood carried it, by taking away
all the brood from what diseased colonies I had and giving
them to certain nuclei. I built up six nuclei by giving them
brood from diseased colonies, and so far (nearly a year
afterwards) only one of these six colonies has shown any
signs of the disease.

As several other colonies have taken the disease this
spring, it is not very likely that this one took it because of
these combs of brood and honey. That five out of six failed
to take the disease after nearly a year has passed looks as
if it will be safe to use all combs of either honey or brood.
This simplifies the problem of what to do with diseased
colonies, and save the loss of combs and brood, as in the
cases of foul brood.

Several years ago nearly or quite one-third of my apiary
was diseased, and the prospect was that I might have to
abandon bee-keeping because of it, after nearly half of the
diseased colonies had died. Experimenting with all the
methods of cure I could hear of, and the use of sulphur
proved the only method of any value. This I applied to
three or four colonies at a time, then in a few days to a few
more. Then, after an interval to more, and so on, until all
had been treated. The result was the entire cure of each
colony treated in the order of their treatment, while not a
colony in the yard recovered until a certain time after treat-
ment, showing conclvisively that it was the treatment which
affected the cure. I have used the same method more or
less since then, but not to so great an extent. Out of some
40 or SO altogether which I have treated, all were cured by
one treatment except three, which required a second one
each. As many have reported failures in treating diseased
colonies with sulphur, it looks as if they must have misap-
plied the sulphur some way, and I think it will be best to
give in detail the way I have used it.

For reasons I will give later on in this, I always go to
the colony I am to treat during the day, and take away all
the combs that contain brood ; or, at least, unsealed brood
or eggs, and give to some other colony ; then in the even-
ing, as soon as the bees have quit work and are all home, I
proceed to dust sulphur over every comb in the hive and, if
possible, on every bee in the hive. I never measure the
exact amount of sulphur used, but suppose about a tea-
spoonful to every three or four combs in the hive.

I do the work by taking what sulphur I can hold be-
tween my thumb and first two fingers and dusting same
over first one side and then the other of each comb, bees
and all ; also over any collection of bees there may be off
the combs in any part of the hive. My aim is to have a thin
dusting of the sulphur over every bee and every comb in
the hive. The thinner the dusting the better, so it reaches
everything in the hive. I tried using an insect powder gun,
but couldn't do as good work as I could with my fingers.
The next day, after doing this dusting, I carry back to the
hives the same number of combs and brood as I had taken
away.

The reason for taking away brood before dusting the
combs, and returning again afterward, is because the dust-
ing of combs not only kills all the unsealed brood in the
combs, but ruins these same combs for brood-rearing. If
such combs are left in the hive, all eggs deposited in them
will hatch out all right, but the larvcB will die as soon as
hatched. By giving these same combs to strong colonies,

they will clean them out and use them all right, and no loss
of combs or brood will result.

For a week after dusting a diseased colony with sul-
phur, fully as many or more bees will be dying as before
the dusting ; and this fact may lead some to think the
" cure " is not a cure. It will take a couple of weeks before
one can tell whether the treated colony is cured or not.

Diseased colonies are usuallj^ very weak in numbers
after being cured, and are of very little, if any more, value
than a good nucleus. I have doubts whether it really pays
to cure them except such as can be treated very early in the
season, before nuclei can be profitably made. For the last
year I have adopted the plan of curing such colonies as
needed it as early as the middle of February, or even earlier;
after that I make as many nuclei as is needed for the pur-
pose, and as soon as they have a young laying queen I take
away the combs from the diseased colonies, giving the
brood to these nuclei, thus building them up into good colo-
nies and destroy all the diseased bees with sulphur fumes.

In changing combs from diseased to other colonies I am
very particular to know that each comb is absolutely free
from bees, especially of dead ones that may be in some
empty cells. Diseased bees quite often crawl into empty
cells to die. — American Bee-Keeper. Dade Co., Fla.

[ Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Some Feminine " Four O'clocks."

On page 296, Mrs. West says she gets up at 4 o'clock in
the morning. — i

Well, Mrs. West, we are getting up at 4 o'clock in the
morning, too. I still think it entirely too early, but those
bees of ours are such hustlers that we have to do it in order
to keep up with them. I hope Texas is fulfilling your ex-
pectations, and giving you as nice a crop of honey as the
bees of Illinois are giving us.

Lost Faith in Bee-Stings for Rheumatism.

I have lost faith in bee-stings as a cure for rheumatism.
I never had as many stings in my life as I have had this
summer, and I am having my first experience with rheuma-
tism. It is all in my fingers, and is not a pleasant experi-
ence by any means, but I am never going to recommend
bee-stings as a cure.

How to Prevent Swarming',

I have been wanting to say a word to our bee-keeping
sisters, but have been so busy, or, rather, I want a little in-
formation about bees. I take the Bee Journal, but I can
not find just what I want.

We have been in the bee-business only two years, so we
know very little about it. We have 65 colonies, and want to
work for comb honey, but our bees don't seem inclined to
do so, but want to swarm all the time. How can we pre-
vent it ? They have all swarmed once, and the most of
them have swarmed the second time, and still some are
casting off little swarms every week or ten days. Can we
put them back in the parent hive? If so, shall we kill the
queen ? I put some swarms back with the queen, but they
came out again the next day. We do not want to enlarge
our apiary, so what I want to know is how to prevent
swarming. Plenty of room does not seem to do our bees
any good, as I put plenty of supers on.

My husband and I care for our bees, and we find it very
pleasant as well as interesting. Mrs. Eou O. King.

Garfield Co., Colo.

This has certainly been an unusual year in this locality
for swarming. Bees have seemed to have a mania for it.
So many absconding swarms are going into chimneys,
porches, and siding of houses all over the country. I know
one man that has had five swarms come into his house.
Every few days some one telephones that they have had a

Aug. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

537

swarm of bees come to them, and would like to know what
to do with them.

It is not an easy thing to prevent all swarming at best,
and this year it has been much more difficult than usual. It
is an exceeding difficult thing to prevent prime swarms, but
these after-swarms that are so annoying can be almost cer-
tainly prevented. The old queen comes off with the first
swarm, and she is not so llighty and hard to manage as a
virgin — not so likely to abscond.

All after-swarms will have virgin queens. When your
first swarm issues hive it and set on the stand of the old
colony. Set the old colony close up to the swarm, letting
it stay there about seven days then remove it to a new
place. The flying force, when they go to the fields, instead
of returning to the hive from which they came, will go
back to the old place, and join the swarm, and the old col-
ony weakened by losing all its flying force, and having no
honey coming in, will conclude it doesn't want to swarm,
and. you will have no further trouble with it.

Your plan of returning swarms was all right, but you
will have to keep on returning them until the last queen
emerges from the cell. You see, it is this way :

When an after-swarm issues, one or more queens that
have been kept in the cells are allowed to emerge, and when
the swarm is returned a battle royal takes place among the
free queens, only one surviving. If all have been allowed
to emerge from the cells, the one return of the swarm will
be the end of it ; but if any are left in the cells you have to
return the swarm again, perhaps the next day. So you will
have to keep on returning the swarm as often as it issues,
which may be only once, or it may be several times.

You can prevent all increase by returning the first
swarm, and all succeeding swarms, but it may make a good
deal of work.

A Beg'inning' Sister— Honey for Sting-s.

I might say I am a beginner in the business. I started
last year with one colony, and July 20 our first swarm
issued, and as we had a clipped queen it was simply fun
handling them, but when our second swarm came it was not
so pleasant. We hived them, and after two days they left
the hive and never waited to cluster, but went up over the
tree-tops and out of sight, and we saw them no more. Our
third swarm went back to the parent colony, so we had but
two to winter, and they came out fairly well ; only our
clipped-queen colony is very weak, but it seems to be very
industrious at present. We have not examined them yet,
as the weather is too cool, and it might chill the brood, if
there should be any, but I fear she has been hurt in the
caging last summer, as the colony has simply dwindled
ever since.

I am very fond of the bees, but I find they don't make
very good pets ; but I hope they will be more gentle this
summer. They seem so busy now they have not time to
sting.

I think the Bee-Keeping Sisters department of the Bee
Journal the best corner in it, and that is the first I read
when I get the paper. I would like to see many more let-
ters every week.

Do any of the sisters ever get stings ? If so, try honey
on them. That is my cure. Mrs. Peter Cameron.

Polk Co., Minn.

I Hasty's Afterthoughts )

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

THE DEBT OF AI,!. TO ALL.

He'll never see a word of it, but others may who are in
danger of feeling like him a few years hence — that man
who stops his bee-paper because he doesn't get the wrappers
off it. I know right well the disagreeable feeling of having
baskets full of unopened papers around ; and so I am qualified
to scold him considerately. I scold. Is it right to take a
course which, if generally followed, would deprive us of
bee-papers? His duty to the American Bee Journal may
not forbid, but how about his duty to the rest of us ? I'm

presuming that he's a good man all through, and wishing to
meet all his just obligations. It is not only the journal that
needs him ; ive need him. And we think that if he would
hold on a bit there would come sooner or later a revival of
interest (" Left thy first love "), and that that revival of in-
terest would do him good, both personally and financially.
Papers that I suspect of having something in on one of
those topics in which I am intensely interested — they get
their wrappers torn off "quick sticks." Probably so with
him.

Somebody in the past has made apiculture into a voca-
tion this man and others could make money at ; and the
bee-paper has had a notable share in the work. Shall it be
killed off, therefore ? Somebody will make the apiculture
of the future different— better than it would be if left to
itself ; and the bee-paper will have a strong hand in that.
Give it, then, its very moderate measure of support. Page
403.

IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION.

In case the reasoning of Arthur C. Miller proves to be
rock-ribbed all around, and the air of the hive needs to be
renewed 2,400 times for each I'z pounds of honey eaten, it
calls us (like the cardinals shut up at Rome) to a little per-
sonal interest in ventilation. Note how he tells us that
this is a complete change every 30 minutes. Well, air is a
nimble fluid, and will do a good deal of traveling in 30
minutes if we give it half a chance. But perhaps we must
give it that half chance a little better than we have been
doing in the past. One element of the situation most of us
do not have in mind is how much air in 30 minutes can be
made to go right through a board, a block of ice, a brick, a
stone, almost anything. I have seen statistics on this point
that were surprising. Wish I had them boiled down and in
my memory so I could give them. Page 408.

AN ERROR THAT PRODUCED A HASTY LAUGH.

A crooked mark prominently out of place on page 409
made me laugh. Eyes a little dim, I didn't notice the hyphen
which gives the whole thing away, and read —
" Does the Bee Work Herself ? "
— and this in the Sisters department, too. Hires an
ant, perchance, or induces an aunt. Looks so supremely
wretched over the task she is dawdling at that her "broth-
ers" do most of it eventually, just to relieve their minds.
Page 409.

SEVERAL HUNDRED POUNDS OF HONEY.

In my department, page 410, in place of "several
pounds of honey " read, several hundred pounds of honey.
Kind o' hope the readers actually got the meaning by cred-
iting me with an uncontemplated dry joke.

PREVENTION OF DRONE-COMB BUILDING.

Is it true that very deep entrances and much space be-
low the frames prevent the building of drone-comb ? Ac-
cording to the reasoning of R. J. Cory, page 413, it ought to
be. May be suspected that a rousing colony, filling all the
bottom and part of out-doors, will forget that the bottotn is
an exposed situation. But that would not usually be in a
newly-hived swarm, however ; and that's the case when we
are most often and most earnestly desirous of having all
worker-comb built. Need a collection of experiences on
this point, I think. As queenless bees always build drone-
comb it may be suspected that distance from the queen has
something to do with it even when there is one.

FOUND IRON IN HONEY.

And so the German savants have found iron to be a
constituent of honey. Some of us knew pretty well all
along that there were more things in honey than our pro-
fessors would tell us of. Same proportion of iron as in
good bread. Makes good blood and strong men. Page 414.

BALLED QUEENS DIE FROM VARIOUS CAUSES.

We at once suspect that the suffocation theory would
hardly suffice alone for the death of balled queens when we
think what a lot of drowning all bees will endure. Pretty
plainly she may starve if they keep at it long enough— and
don't get violent enough to kill her some other way— and
friendly bees don't feed her while hostile ones are mildly
hanging on to her. There seems to be all grades of violence,
from a mere gentle hug to the most spiteful, hissing, tearing
rage— not only killing the queen, but a great lot of the bees
also. Mental worry is an ample cause of death in so highly
organized a creature as a queen. In fact, I believe a worker
can be worried to death— or made to worry itself to death,
in about an hour. Angry bees sometimes eject poison, as

538

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 190?.

our own sense of smell quickly tells us, and absorption of
ejected poison at least don't do her any particular good.
Better we say a balled queen dies from a variety of causes —
not usually a sting, but sometimes. Page 414.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the Anaerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Italianizing in Louisiana.

1. When is the best time to Italianize bees in Louisi-
ana?

2. How many queens would it take for 80 colonies to be
Italianized by the next honey season ?

3. Is there anything more modern upon the subject of
rearing queens and Italianizing than the principles laid
down in your text-book ? If so, what is it ?

Louisiana.
Answers. — 1. If you have no mishaps in introducing it
does not make so very much difference when it is done.
There is less danger of failure in introducing right in the
harvest-time, but less interference with storing by introduc-
ing later in the season.

2. Possibly 85 or 90 to make a sure thing of it, if you
have some losses in introducing. But you probably con-
template rearing queens, and in that case a single queen to
rear from would do as well as more. Whether you can
make a success of it in that way depends somewhat upon
your season. With a good fall flow and vigorous action
it ought not to be a very hard thing. Even if you have no
fall flow, feeding will to some extent take its place.

3. There is perhaps nothing later than what you may
find in " Forty Years Among the Bees," at least it is the
latest of my knowledge and practice, yet that is limited only
to my own practice. The excellent work of G. M. Doolittle
on queen-rearing goes into the whole subject most fully.
Nothing better can be found in print.

Honey Extracted When Two-Thirds Capped.

Owing to the lack of supplies I extracted some honey
when about two-thirds capped. Will it do to sell it that
■^ay ? Illinois.

Answer.— If the honey is very thin, it is better to sell
it in that condition, but the mere fact that a third of it is
still uncapped does not condemn it. If it is good, thick
honey it does not matter that it was partly unsealed. If
thin, it may be brought to a better consistency by letting it
stand uncovered where it will be heated to 100 degrees or 125
degrees.

^ • »

Bee-Keeplns In Arkansas.

On page 473, "Pennsylvania" says he had a colony that
had cells started in 5 days. I had a colony that cast a
swarm in 14 days after being hived, and left' the parent
hive in good condition.

1. I have a small apiary that I run in connection with
a farm. I live about 1'+ miles from the Little Missouri
river. Do you think the distance cuts much figure with the
crop ?

2. I have 28 colonies and 6 nuclei. Holly, linn, rattan,
and various other plants and vines grow around that secrete
nectar. Do you think it would pay better to increase the
bees and put them near the bottom-land, or run a small
yard with the farm out here in the hills ? We have black-
gum, rattan, blackberry, prickly ash, cotton, and sumac,
all of them producing lots of honey. Do you think it would
pay to neglect an ordinary farm to move the bees nearer to
the bottom ? . Arkansas.

Answers.— 1. Yes, distance cuts quite an important fig-
ure in many cases. But it is likely that a distance of 1 ■+
miles is so little for the bees that there would be little gain
in moving nearer.

2. I don't know, but I think it well to stick to the farm.

at least until the bee-business grew sufficiently to afford a
good living. You might not find 100 colonies succeed so
well as 28, and you might not find as much advantage as
you expect from changing your location.

Moving Bees in a Car- Yellow Sweet Clover Honey.

1. Would it be safe to move bees in a closed car with
household goods, they to be covered with wire-netting only ?
The car would be a week on the road.

2. Is honey from yellow sweet clover darker in color
than that from white sweet clover ? Ontario.

Answers. — 1. Something would depend on the weather.
If not very hot, and the whole top of the hive is covered with
wire-netting, and the bees are supplied with water by
sponge or otherwise, they ought to get through all right.

2. I don't know, but I think the color is the same.

Untested Queen Questions— Bees Gnawing Foundation.

I have been trying to follow modern methods since last
spring, and have this season been fairly successful. But
the more I learn about bees the less I seem to understand
about them, therefore I will venture to ask the ioUowing
questions :

1. Are the " Standard Bred Queens " sent out by Editor
York as premiums pure Italian ?

2. Are they fertilized or virgin ?

3. Is there any danger of getting foul brood with
them as a free gift ?

4. How soon should I be able to find eggs laid by one of
those queens? I got one and introduced her Aug. 1, and
found her all right this morning, Aug. 4.

5. Why do my bees gnaw some of the foundation out of
the frames (both starters as well as full frame) and then
build up again, but too much drone-comb ? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. [Yes. — Editor.]

2. They are fertilized and already laying.

3. [No.— Editor.]

4. Sometimes within 24 hours after she is out of her
cage, sometimes not for a week. The same is true of any
queen introduced, even if she has not been through the
mail.

5. I don't know. Possibly pure mischief when no honey
is coming in.

^ . »

Late Introduction of Queens— Swarms Returning.

The honey-flow has been over here a long time, since
about May 15.

1. Can I make any forced swarms at this time, or must
I wait until spring ?

2. Can I introduce new queens yet ? and how will I have
to proceed ?

3. I have one colony of bees which swarmed about 6 or
7 times, and the swarm went back to the old hive every
time immediately after hiving in a new hive on starters. I
also gave new comb for brood, and did every other way I
could think of. What was the matter with it ?

Louisiana.

Answers. — 1. You can, but not so successfully as when
there is a flow of honey. You will have to feed, and it will
be necessary to keep a very sharp lookout or you will start
a bad case of robbing.

2. Yes, you can introduce queens any time so long as
the weather is warm. The proceeding is the same as at any
other time, but introducing is not always so successful in a
dearth as when honey is coming in freely.

3. The queen may have had defective wings so that she
could not go with the swarm ; then when the bees found
there was no queen with them they would return to the old
hive.

< » »■

Foundation Starters or Full Sheets- Gathering from

Corn-Tassels— Too Strong Colonies-Rearing

Queens

1. In using foundation starters, if you cannot use full
sheets would you use wide or narrow starters ?

2. What do bees gather from coru-tassels ? I see them
working on them.

3. Can a colony of bees get too strong ? By this, I mean
can they be strengthened up to such an extent that they

Aug. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

539

■will fail to store as much honey as a less populous colony,
because the bees will consume more honey than the weaker,
colony.

4. Would a colony with bees and brood in three 8-frame
dovetailed hives be too strong in your opinion ?

5. In starting queen-cells, by fastening- a strip of comb
(with the cells scraped off of one side) to a frame, so the cells
point downward, my trouble is to get the strip of cells fast-
ened without spoiling the eggs. Have you reared any
queens by this method ? If so, how do you fasten them ? If
you do not rear them this way, what is the best way to
start them ? I do not have a great deal of time to spend
with queens, anyway. Michigan.

Answers. — 1. Wide ; as a rule the larger the starter
the better.

2. Pollen, and perhaps honey, too.

3. Other things being equal, I think no matter how
strong a colony might be it would always store more than a
less populous colony. I do not believe that a colony which
is all the progeny of one queen can ever become too strong
for the best results. If several colonies were united into
one giant colony, it would store more than any weaker col-

ony, but it might store less than the same bees would have
done if not united.

4. No, it would not be too strong, but as mentioned in 3,
it may be that the same bees would have stored more as two
separate colonies — for I take it that you mean to unite two
or three colonies to get the three stories filled. If a single
queen would fill the three stories, I would say all right.

5. Yes, I have reared a good many queens by the Alley
plan, and have found no difliculty in fastening the strip by
dipping it in melted wax, and the eggs were not injured by
it. The way I prefer to rear queens for my own use is
given very fully in " Forty Years Among the Bees," and
although it would take too much space to give it here, I may
say in brief that my best queen is kept in a nucleus where
fresh combs are constantly built and filled with brood and
eggs, and when these tender combs partly filling the frames
are given to queenless bees they suit them to a nicety for
starting a lot of fine cells.

You say you haven't much time to spend with queens.
Pardon me for saying that if you have timfi to spend with
bees at all, you have time to spend a good share of it in
rearing the very best queens, seeing that a queen is the
the very soul of the whole colony. Good queen, good col-
ony ; poor queen, poor colony.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Blader with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrual we mall for
bat 60 cents; ^or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces-

*"'■ QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICARO I'LL.

«ntfcr mUNCT and easy to make

If you work for ns. We will start you Id
iDusinesB and furnish the capitaL Work
Jlit?ht and easy. Send 10 cents for full
"line of samples and particulars.
DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, Illi.
^Aitia tnention aee journal -waeii wntme

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of gfoods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.

Please 'nRntion BeA .Tnurnai -when •ro-ntiiie.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLK HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city lite. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city povertj' striclcen are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x65^ inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street. Chicago, III.

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FREE

To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advaace Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untestea
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth f 1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and j-our own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months In advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the SI. 50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens. S2.10; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. Yf RK & CO., 144-146 F. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinar Advertisers.

540

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

)

Two Bpothers Go "A-Beeing."

I don't know whether letters are relished
from tenderfeet or not. My brother, C.
W., and myself, with our families, dogs,
oats, parrots, and everything, moved to this
beautiful spot i from smoky Chicago last
spring. We decided to take up bees as a
side-line. I didn't know a queen-bee from a
lightning-bug, and all my brother knew he
had gleaned from a few random visits to a
mutual friend, Stoughton Cooley. However,
what he saw there got him interested, and we
purchased five nuclei from a dealer.

Say, it would have made an old bee-man
crack his ribs, I suspect, to have watched us
manipulate bees ! Later we picked up a snap
in the shape of a couple of colonies from a
" widder" up in the country, whose son had
died, or done something, I have forgotten
what. Shortly afterward, Mr. Stoughton
Cooley being out, he informed us that, in his
judgment, both of our snap colonies had foul
brood. Of course, our hair rose straight up,
and we at once notified State Inspector Smith.
■While waiting for him wedestroj'ed both colo-
nies, but boxed up the comb for his inspection.
He came last evening, and inspected us all
oyer to-day.

Mr. Cooley was right; it was foul brood,
but fortunately they had not infected the rest
of the colonies, of which we now have 11.
Mr. Smith gave us a clean bill of health, said
there was not the slightest trace of foul brood,
which information was thankfully received.
Mr. Smith is a pleasant gentleman to meet,
and is evidently " on to his job " with a big J.
He submitted to being pumped gracefully,
and gave us quite a batch of information on
bee-lore.

In our study of bees so far we are unde-
cided where to place them. Sometimes we
think they should be classed with Mark
Twain's ant in the Black Forest of Germany.
Don't seem as if they knew enough to come
in out of the wet. Then, again, it looks as it
they were pretty level-headed. We will give
you the ultimate verdict later on.

Inspector Smith informed us that he had
42 calls booked now from all over the State.
Frank E. Kellogg.

McHenry Co., 111., Aug. 7.

An Interesting Expepienee.

In ISIOI, I had 10 colonies of bees in old
boxes, nail-kegs, etc., and I gave a bee-man
half of the bees and honey to put my half in
old Langstroth hivee. That season we got
more honey and money for our bees than we
had in 10 years before.

In 1902, we had (I say we, because I am
teaching my wife and children the bee-busi-
ness, as I think it better to leave them that
than an insurance policy, although I have one)
7 strong and 2 weak colonies. In June I
bought 35 colonies that were 35 miles from
home. There was plenty of black sage there
so I left them, but they have done but little
good, and I could not give them the care they
needed, and I am afraid they have foul brood.
We have no one here who knows what foul

TDoosands oi Hives = Millions ot Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling^ goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our
QUEENS "o give...

Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out-work-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and Z Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians — Nonb Superior. .•. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 7Sc each; 6 for $ 4.00 | Tested, $1.50 each; 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for S.Oi) I Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co,,

Front and Walnut,

CINCIMINIATI, OHIO.

ADEL QUEENS.

?rre?Queens::.::........::;::v.::::.-.:.::::*2;« I priclof"".'^.'.'' ImDroved Queen -Rearina

Six Queens ". S.OO to 50 cents per copy. Book sent free to all who

Twelve Queens 9.00 | purchase three or more Queens.

Send for ZS-page Catalog.

30Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, Mass.

Please mention Bee Journal wnen -vsTitme.

We aretlieLarEestMannfactHrers of Bee-KeepBrs' Supplies in tlie.Nortlifest

Send for catalog

We liaye tHe Best Goods, Lowest Prices, and Best snipping Facilities

please mentioii Bee journal when 'wrlttns

Etf

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It lias the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

%Vorking: wax into FoundaLtion lor Cash a Specialty. Beeswax
al'n'ays Tranted at highest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.

E. GR.INGBK & CO., Tororuoj^ont. ^^^^^^ gug, DITTMEP, Augusta. Wis.

QneensNowReady toSupply by Retnrn Mail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred iu separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,

75 cents ; 6 for $4.00.
r» J /^l^ ^-« /^-.^^i-.^ which left all records behind in honey-
l^eU wlOVer l^UeenS, gathering, untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
i^ • I ,-, c, — They are so highly recommended, being more gentle

Golden Italians

than all others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Cll \U UfCDCD 2146-2148 Central Avenue,
■ Hi ffi fffCDtn, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A, Mnth.)

Aug-. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

541

brood is, but from what I can read and see I
am afraid it is. I am going to treat soon with
formaldehyde.

I now have 45 colonies. This has been a
very poor year here, and a fruit-man near my
out-apiary puts out poison — he says for the
yellow jackets, but of course my bees get it,
too, and 1 dou't think there is any recourse
but to move the bees. And this same man.
who puts out poison, had 50 colonies of bees a
year ago that he had Ixjught. To hear him
talk, he was a bee-man of the '• first water."
He commenced to tell me what to do, and
what not to do, and finally I asked him what
bee-paper he tooli, and he said, "None." I
asked him what text-book he used ; he said,
"None." I asked him how he could get
along, and he said, " Common sense. These
fellows who write books and papers don't
know any more about bees than I do."

Now listen, friends, and see what his success
was. In July of that year he was trying to
sell his bees, because he claimed they dam-
aged his apricots in drying, and he would not
be bothered with them. Well, he sold, and I
understand that, a third of them had foul
brood in a short time afterward.

Now. my 2b colonies are in range of a man
who has SO acres of apricots, and he says his
apricots have been better since my bees have
been there (4 years) than ever before. And I
asked him if they injured his drying apricots,
and he said, " No, they do them good by tak-
ing out the water so they will dry sooner."
So that is the result of a bee-man without a
book on bees or a bee-paper, and so it will
ever be.

When I started in I got " A B C in Bee-
Culture," Gleanings, and last, but not least
the great American Bee .Journal. Now I am
sent for here and there to take off honey, trans-
fer bees, and give information. They say, " Go
and see Wittner, he knows more about bees
than any one I know of." (They don't know
how little I do know, and I don't tell them,
either; . But such is the reputation of a man
who tries to inform himself from what it has
taken others years to learn. What could I do
without my bee-literature? Why, what I did
before I had it — nothing in the honey-busi-
ness.

So, in closing, I say hurrah and three cheers
for our bee-book, G. W. York, of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, Gleanings, and Root, hog or
die. C. H. Wittner.

Santa Cauz Co., Calif.

P. S. — And add hurrah for the Chicago
Cjaeen.

Italians and Unfinished Sections.

I have been a constant and interested
reader of the American Bee Journal for about
3 years, and will say that it's worth to me has
been many times its cost. I am always inter-
ested in items " From Many Fields," as I be-
long to the same class of little fish that swim
in that shallow pool.

I keep Italian bees, both 3 and 5 bands. I
bought 3 colonies of blacks to test their great
value in the production of fancy comb honey.
After a test of two seasons in the same yard,
and giving blacks advantages in the way of
special care, also full sheets of foundation in
sections, I was disappointed, or rather pleased,
to find that my Italians could and did beat
them both in number of sections and fancy
capping. I tested them'with 4'4x4'4Xl^3'and

fl Rarecnance

FINE QUEENS— either Golden or Honey
Queens, balance season. Untested, 50 cents;
Tested, $1.00.

J. F. MICHAEL,

33A:t R. P. D. 0, WINCHESTER, IND.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

' "nd you may have part of it If yui wi>rk
or UB. rnele Sam's poultry product paya
that Buni. Send 10c for eamples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you In

bueinutifl. Draper Pobllshlog Co^CblcagoJIK

fiedse mention Bee Journal ■when wnitina,-

Sections, SHippino-Gases,
floneu-Gans,

And everything- necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS

Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Please mention Bee Journal when writins

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuolei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Qneen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Qneen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Obb • Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen J sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J, L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, tOWA.
Please roention Bee Journal ■when ■writina

Cheap

House

Warming

The Modern

House
is warmed
from a fur-
nace. The
very best
furnace is

the
LEADER

Steel
Furnace

We make it

to fit your house and send it freight
prepaid to your station. Any car-
penter or handy man can set it up.
Anybody can 0[»erate it. Burns hard or
soft coal, wood or cobs. One furnace
will heat the largest house in thecoldest
weather. Seven to eleven rooms heated
with the fuel required by two stoves. If
the weather is mild less fuel is used.
Only one tire to talje care of and that
requires but a few minutes a day. No
dust, smolie or ashes in the rooms.
Even, delightful heat day or night in
any kind of weather. Send to us tor
free estimate of the cost of flttine your
house and ask us for our booklet telling
all about these furnaces. We send esti-
mates and information free. Buy of
the makers and save the middleman's
profits. Write for our catalogue No. IT.

HESS WARRIING AND

VENTILATING GO.

CHICAGO

Ideal sections — and it was with surprise that
I read the article of Mr. Hutchinson, on pages
41>J ami 4it:(, which is so at variance with my
ex])eriencu. Formerly I was bothered with
greasy capping with my Italians, but by re-
moving all finished sections as soon as the
bees had completed them, I have failed to
have a single greasy srcliim from hi) colonies.
I have tried to breed from my best capper^
but hardly think that I overrated it in that
way. Try removing finished sections within 5
days and see if greasy sections don't disappear
—if you fail, I'll •' holler "'• A9C'(/;(j/."' and
then advertise in the American Bee Journal
the best strain of bees in America. Sure
thing, Mr. Alley will not be in it, and Mr.
Doolittle will do less. For fear I will be
swamped with orders, I will say that I have no
queens for sale, hut might sell Yon Vonson a
queen over the 'phone.

I sold the black-bee sections 0 for .$1.00, and
sold the Italian Ideal sections, weighing 14 to
15 ounces, 6 for SI. 10, giving the buyer choice
of 10 to IS ounces of bee-way section, or a
light-weight plain. I sold to consumers.

I have tried hybrids, but none are equal to
the pure Italians in this "locality."

During the height of the honey-flow I run
out of foundation, and could not get it in
time, so I was in quite a disagreeable condi-
tion. Luckily, I had quite a number of sec-
tions with comb in them, left over from last
season. I cut the comb out of the sections,
excepting a V-shaped piece which I left as a
starter in the section. I then cut the comb
taken out into 3-cornered pieces, about 2
inches to a side, with a hot bread-knife, which
did the work in first-class condition. I then
took the sections in the flat and laid them on
the table ; I held the pieces of comb tor just a
moment over a lighted lamp, and then placed
them in the center of the section, the melted
wax making them adhere tightly to the sec-
tions. I could not see but what I got as good
results as though I had used foundation. So
you see my unfinished sections were worth 65
cents a pound. I am so well pleased that I
shall try it again. J. M. West.

Pike Co., Ohio, Aug. 1.

Poor Crops in Louisiana.

The honey crop in Louisiana is very poor
this year, about 50 percent short, caused by
the excessive rains which began in May. This,
as a rule, is a great honey country, and we
never have to take the bees in-doors to winter.

As I am intimate with Illinois and the other
8-months-winter States, I can proudly say
Louisiana and California have them " skinned
a Texas black.'' S. J. Weber.

East Baton Rouge Co., La., Aug. 4.

Please mention Bee Journal
when^Jwriting advertisers.

Wanted— A Honey-Wagon.

I need a honey-wagon badly, and I know
there are many thousands like me; in fact,
everybody who handles honey needs a light,
cheap honey-wagon that will hold 1.50 pounds
of comb honey. It should have springs so the
comb honey could be hauled over ordinary
ground without breaking. We could haul the
heavy combs to the extractor, and return
them; we could haul comb honey to the
honey-house, and many other things about
t'ae apiary. If I had one I would use it apart
of the time in selling honey.

Now, don't say, " Use a wheelbarrow." It

542

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

breaks the honey, is hard to push, and some-
times it upsets.

I have kept bees for 80 years ; I have never
made millions out of them, but they have
more than paid their way. We have a little
more than half a crop this year, and the qual-
ity is very fine.

Let us hear from others — any person who
T^ants a honey-wagon. We can generally get
anything we want, if we talk right through
the American Bee .Journal. Oh, may it live
while man remains on the earth.

D. G. Pakkek.

Brown Co., Kans., Aug. 11.

[ Here is a chance for bee-supply manufac-
turers. Bring on your honey-wagon ! — Edi-
tor.]

Appreciative— Drowningr Queens.

On page 483, appears a description of a rob-
ber-cloth by Dr. Miller, which, I think, is a
very useful article, and for which I wish to
return thanks. In fact, there are very many
things I have seen in the American Bee Jour-
nal for which I intended to thank the writers
many times. Hardly a day passes that I do
not feel thankful to some one who has con-
tributed to my knowledge in bee-keeping, and
I think it would be a good thing for all of us
to indorse a good thing when we receive it,
thereby encouraging a more free contribution,
as well as letting the writer know that his
efforts are appreciated.

Right here I wish to thank Dr. Miller espe-
cially, for his method of arranging the brood-
chamber, as regards the pollen-comb described
by him in his " A Year Among the Bees"
(now out of print). This seemingly little
advise is of no small consequence to me, nor
to any one whose locality furnishes an over-
abundance of pollen, as it puts one in posi-
tion to put his hand right on the bulk of pol-
len in a colony instantly.

Another seemingly small matter of no less
importance, is the adjusting of the brood-nest
in the spring with a division-board, a hi Doo-
little. Please accept my thanks, Mr. Doolit-
tle. This adjusting is of great value to me
in this cold climate, for with it I can fit up
any size colony snugly, and not have them
put brood in undesirable combs.

Another very important thing to me is to
know how to use the most important hive-
tool — a very strong jack-knife, a la Heddon.
1 have used many different hive-tools, such as
a putty-knife, framing chisel, a screw-driver,
etc., but to my notion there is nothing that
can approach a " jack-knife " of the right
kind for convenience and handiness. It is
always ready for service, such as a chisel,
screwdriver, crow-bar, queen-clipping device,
drone-brood extinguisher, hive-scraper, tack-
hammer, etc.

la this way I could go on mentioning im-
plements, methods, and the names of their
nventors and contributors, but space does
not permit, as it would fill the columns of the
American Bee Journal for weeks, so I will re-
frain from going into detail any further, but
thank each and all who have been contributors
to these columns, for even the smallest mite
will help to make up a complete method.

Before I close I want to haul Dr. Miller
over the coals tor his putting those queens
Into the water. (See page 483.) He says he
wets them so they may introduce easier, but

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to erive satisfaction — those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in 1888. Our stock origi-
nated from the best and hig-hest-priced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 75c each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen) $2 each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16El3t

Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing

The AiVIERICAN INSTITUTE of PHREiNOLOQY

Incorporated 1366. 39th Session opens Sept, -id.
Subjects: Phrenology the Art of Character
Reading: Anatomy. Physlolouy. Physiognomy,
Heredity. Hygiene, etc. Address : 24 E. 22d St.,
New York, care of Fowler & Wells Oo.
24Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ilQlinMMl«!

vnnHmm

UnUHUWM

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADEm Bull
strong, Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices. Folly Warranted. Cataloe Free.

COILBU SPRING FENt'E 4-0.
Box fi^i Wineheater, iDdlaaa, C. S. A.

Please inention the Bee Journal

CARTONS FOR HONEY .^S^^:ii^,

most practical; lowest-price Carton for honey,
all thing's considered; costs nothing. We have
wholesaled honey in this city for 30 years. We
have seen no honey-carton equal to this. Send
us five two-cent stamps, and we will send you
sample, tog-ether with explanation, and some
practical suggestions regarding- marketing
honey to best advantage; also live poultry. We
originated and introduced the now popular one-
pound section. Esttiblished in 1870.

t1. R. WRIGtIT, Wholesale Commission,

Promptness A Sp
30E3t Pleas

CIALTY. ALBANY, N.Y.

mention the Bee Journal.

150 Nuclei lor Sale

strictly Red Clever Strain.

One 2-f rame. Untested Queen $2.50

One 2-f rame. Tested Queen 3.00

All in light shipping-boxes, on wired Lang-
stroth frames.

34Ait A. D. D. WOOD. Lansing. Mich.

J,- 1 ^- c

-l-

l-n

-,

=

=

*

1

1

i

If Our Agent

don't call on you soon, send for atrent's terms.

PAGE HOVKN WIllK FKNCE CO., Adrian, Mich.

Please mention Bee Joumat -when wantins

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount! to the Trade.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

«. GirlB, oldftDdyoun)?alik«,
make money wurklng for us.
We fumlah capft&l toiUrt yoa in basl-
DMB. Send OS lOo itamps or illTer for full lDstrucl!oti« and a line of

wplMtoworkwUb. UKAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,CUca{o,IU.

when you read on you tind he drowns them.
Now, you just wait. Doctor, I am going to
call the attention of Miss Wilson to you, and
if you put any more queens into water to wet
them, she'll tend to you, won't you, Miss-
Wilson? For he will say he just wets them,
but afterward you see he drowns them. So
don't let him put any more queens into water,
for he will surely drown them. He thinks he
can introduce them easier then. May be he
can, but would they be worth any more than
those half-dead ones we get through the
mail? Well, we will wait and see what Hasty
says. Most likely he is after him by this time,
and the chances are he caught him.
Chippewa Co., Wis. A. C. F. Bartz.

So. Dakota Prospects— Foul Brood.

As it has been some time since I have seen
anything in the American Bee Journal in re-
gard to the honey prospects of South Dakota,
I thought I would write what they are.

Our bees wintered well, all those with plenty
of stores. I winter them on the summer
stands, and never lose a colony on account of
the weather. It I lose any it is on account of
the queens. This is the loth year I have kept
bees in this place, and I produce comb honey
altogether, also allow natural swarming and

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni*
Torm ^vidlli at all times
they are unequaled tor
rulingr purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
coiupanied with full directions,
tiller and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal tor
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1,90 fur the Pen and your owa
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for Sil.OO we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

;,'J«)"' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, HI

Aug. 20, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

543

no clipped queens. My average }• if Id is from
50 to 60 pounds per colony, sprints count, and
I never rob my bees. I have luid 10 new
swarms so tar this spring, and they were all
very large; and I wish to state that every
swarm could be hived sitting in a chair, and
with perfect ease. Now, don't think I am
jesting, for I am in earnest, as many of my
bee-friends around here can testify. I will
further say that during all these years only
one swarm clustered over 4 feet high.

We have between 1.50 and 200 colonies of
bees in this vicinity, and many have foul
brood. I have it on all sides of me, from
within a mile to 40 rods, and have never had
a cell in any of my colonies, and you may
guess" how thankful I am. Our bee-keepers,
whose bees have it, are getting rid of it as fast
as they can, and when they all get it disposed
of they will not invest in it again in this
vicinity.

Right here, while on this very important
subject to bee-men all over the United States,
I wish to answer a question asked in the Chi-
cago convention by Mr. Craven (see page 460).
Question : Does it pay to feed sugar (or the
manufacture of honey with a view to profit'
My answer is emphatically _Vu. And I say
also, and wish that I could be in the conven-
tion at I.os Angeles, so that all bee-men could
hear me, Xever feed sugar to bees unless you
want to out off the head of the hen that lays
the golden egg.

And now I want to be put on record as
saying that there would never have been such
a scourge as foul brood if all bee-keepers
would deal honestly with their bees. Oh, that
almighty dollar ! Poor bees, those abundant
winter stores taken away and adulterated
sugar substituted, and still a little later, on
close examination, oh, horrors, foul brood!

And now, my brother bee-keepers, I have
not been joking. I know what I am saying,
and later you will all know that I know, so
get rid of foul brood, all you who have colo-
nies so affiicted. If you feed, use nothing but
pure honey, then foul brood will be no more.
J. M. HOBBS.

Yankton Co., S. Dak., July 27.

Close Saturdays a 1 p.ni, — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the Ifteal
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

Tennessee dueens.

Daughters of Select Imported
Italian^ Select long--toiigued,
(Moore's), and Select, Straight
5-band Queens. Bred 3Ji miles
apart, and mated to select
drones. No bees owned with-
in 2?-a miles; none impure
within 3, and but few within
Smiles. No disease. 30 years'
experience. WARRANTED
QUEENS, 6 0 cents each ;
TESTED, $1.25 each. Dis-
count oo large orders.
Contracts with dealers a spe-
cialty. Discount after July 1st
Send for clrcnlar.

JOHN M. DAVIS,

9A26t SPRING HILL, TENN.

Please mentloii Bee Journal when writing

Lono Tongyes Valuable

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll In the
honey down In Texas.

Hx'TTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. MooRi:.— Dear Sir:—! wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

l^lease mentiou Bee Jouxnai -wb,en ■writing'

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

Send 10 cents for ful! line of Bamples
and directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Cb\ct%o, Ills.

Dc^aHv 'o fill orders for ITALIAN QUEENS
IVCrtU^ from stock that for hardiness and
grood working-qualities is second to none. M.O.
Office, Cleveland, Tena.
!»■. ; CHESLEY PRESSWOOD,
31A4t McDonald, Bradley Co., Tbkn.

Please mention Bee journal •wnen wrltlnK

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

T. P. BINQHAM, Parweli. Mich.

Business Queens,

Bred from best Italian honey-gathering stock,
and reared in FULL COLONIES by best known
methods. Guaranteed to be good Queens and
free from disease. Untested, 75c each; 6. $4.00,
Tested, $1.25 each. CHAS. B. ALLEN,

Central Square, Oswego Co., N. Y.
JIS" This ad will not appear again this season.
ISAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Warned lo Sell

10 COLONIES
OF BEES in

dovetailed eight
frame hives. Good condition. Address at once,
L. E. COX.
33A2t R. F. D. 27, Mortonvllle, Ind.

Plepise mention Bee Journal wnen ■writing

OAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

e«t those wbo work for as. Cow keep^r^ &!»&>'■
money. W« Rtart yoa Id bualceBB. Yoa maka
f Urg« pri>tit«. Easy work. We fomiBbcapllal. Seud
' 10cent« for foil Ibeof aUDpIeBBnd putlcnlare.

DRAPER PUBUSHINQ CO.. Chlcaso. Ills.

Please mention Bee Jotimal -when "WTitiiie

BEE^^SUPPLIES!

ETerythlng used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

SIZ M/kSS. *VC> IIIDI«H»M1.IS.IHD.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.\KKKT QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Aug ".— Coasigaments of the new
crop are coming to commission houses that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is not any consumptive demand they are find-
ing difticuUy in disposing of it. Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices, as some merchants ask 10 cents for
honey that others hold at 15 cents. The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled. Beeswax steady at 30c.

KansasCity, July 28— Some new comb honey
in market, but on account of hot weather the
demand is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day. Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No. I, white and amber, 24 sections,
per case, $3 25; No. 2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions, per case, $3.00. Extracted, white, per
pound, 6<«*6^c; amber, S%c. Beeswax, good de-
mand, 25fai30c. C. C.Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., July IS —We are receiving
some shipments of new comb honey, mostly
from the South; the demand light as yet; we
are holding at 15@16c. Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we shall have to depend upon other sec-
tions more than ever for our supply of honey.
Beeswax, 30(s32c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 —The supply about equals
the demand for extracted boney. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5><i^6!^c,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, T^S^c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, It.'aJlGJ^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, July 8.— Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and IZ'S^lSc for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
5@5^c for light amber, S)^@6!^c for white, and
the Common Southern at ftom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@3lc.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati, Aug. 8. — New honey is now of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted. The
demand for honey is about as usual at this
time of ihe season. I made sales at the follow-
ing figures: Amber, 5@5Jic; water-white al-
falfa, b%c\ fancy white clover honey. 7@1%c.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14@15c. Beeswax, 27@3Uc. C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, July 22.— White comb honey,
llM@13Hc; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
S'/4'®5 c; light amber, 43^ (^5c; amber, 4li@-l%c;
dark. ^H@4}ic. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27>i@20c: dark, 2S@26c.

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorableJo
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

WANTED! Extracted Honey.

Send sample and best price delivered here; also
Fancy Comb wanted in no-drip cases.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in (juantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writinp

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-»S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY— also Beeswa.x. Spot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianai'Olis, Ind.
Ple£ise mention Bee Journal ■when writing

544

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 20, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
in the Work!....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoii
will ntot be di»>a.ppointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer iWfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Eppin^, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the f reig'ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼>

ifiease a.Hntl'itj Bee Jou-'niai wKen -wntAfjc.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
3.5 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at Sl-00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such ittTestments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing- these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

fl.H.HflhSON, G.P.fl.,Ghicaao.

26Al2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1

Honey Queens (Untested). $ .75
" *' (Tested).... 1.25

■Golden " (Untested).. .75
" (Tested).... 1.25
2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00
Breeders, f3.00 each, after June 1.

Add price of any Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Our bees are shipped in light shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

6

12

$ 4.00

$ 7.00

7.00

13.00

4.00

7.00

7.00

13 00

H.OO

21.00

OcoNOMOwoc, Wis., Aug. 1, 1W3.
I like your queens. The best of any that I
■ever had. Respectfully yours,

Frank D. Gundhrson.

Litchfield, III., Aug. 3, l')03.
Dear Sir: — Enclosed please find money order
for $1.50 for which send me two untested honey-
-queens. The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right. There are no better.

Respectfully yours,

GUS PiCAMAN.

Notice, — No tested stock sent out before
May 15. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER.

l7Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

^s£,Ja^ie,Ja,J£,Jis^JiS,J^^Ja,Ja,JaiJis^^

'vt^ Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

Wf €r«1Jirjinf«»«» ^nf icfnrf inn What more can anybody do? beauty,

we gudranLcc Octusidctiun. purity, firmness, no SAoaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

AVhv Hnf^e !♦ «fll an wrf^H V Because it has always given better satls-
yy Iljf KIM^O It. atll av» WCll f faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SupDlies

OF ALL
KINDS •*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

*- leasts mention Bee Journal "wrtifm ■wTitijj.f"

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, Wis ..July i«, 1903.
The a. I. HuOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— I thought I would write
you a few lines in regard to the Red
(.'lover Queen I got from you. They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is •l\ more all ready to come off.

.lust think. 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and onlv July
18th. It seems asthoughthey will surely
an 48 more.

I don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they gathered it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.

1 use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.

C. K, Kellogg.

C. B. Kellogg. Spring Bluff, Wis.

Dear Sir —We have yours of July 18th
and would be glad to have you advise us
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some parties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige, Yours truly.

THE A. I. Root Co.

8PRING Bluff, Wis., July 3i. 1903.
The a. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day. In regard to your question in
reference to the cappings of the honey
from these bees 1 will aay that it is
simply pQrfec-t, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
till two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. I would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and I will be glad to send you a

Now, I haven't told you all their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to hand le I
have 1 could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.

There 8

1 traits about them that

seem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathermg; 15??.^*^",^^^®™)^^^^^!^,^:^? "

I will write you again in a few weeks and let you know if they fill the 144 sections, w men
they will. Respectfully, *-■ K. ke

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are again
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

Bach.

Untested »1.00

Tested 2.00

Select Tested 3.00

17.10 I Extra Select Breeding 10-00

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Tledina, Ohio.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., AUG. 27. 1903.

No. 35,

546

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COIHPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Gtiicaoo, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

iJK.C.C.MiLLER, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is ®1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month, to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Board of Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

UdoToepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit. LE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugb, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

J^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

prv.iy thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 5 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

Ready for Immediate Delivery.

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices :

One Nucleus for $4.50 ; or 5 at $4.00 each.
~I~lWith a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easil}' be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETIRIN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and desig-n ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little work has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.7S.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

nf^-^""^^^''

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, AUG. 27, 1903.

No, 35.

Editorial Comments

How to Avoid Killing Bees. — There are some things that
every bee-keeper naturally learns by experience that are not always
found in text-books of instruction in bee-keeping. One of these relates
to the matter of killing bees. Iq some apiaries hundreds, or thou-
sands, of bees are killed in the course of a year simply by mashing
them when covers or supers are put on hives. The case is unusually
bad when a large amount of smoke has been used. The bees runout
of the hive, boiling over all around, and by the time the operator is
through with his manipulations there is a layer of them half an inch
thick or more all around on the upper edge of the sides and ends of
the hive. If now the cover be quickly placed over, a large portion of
these bees will be killed. If the operator is touched with a feeling of
pity for the little innocents, and slowly lets down the cover upon them,
so as to give them time to get out of the way, the result is but little bet-
ter. After their stampede the bees appear just a bit stupid, and make no
move to get out of the way till the cover presses down uncomfortably
upon them, and then it is too late, for they are held fast in spite ot all
efforts to get away while the cover is slowly crushing the life out of
them.

The experienced operator will put on the cover without killing a
bee. In the first place, he will seldom have so many bees in the way,
for he does not find it necessarj' to use so much smoke. But if there
should be a border of bees an inch thick all around, he is still master
of the situation. A little smoke is puffed lightly upon the border of
bees just to stir them up enough so that they will be inclined to
" move on,'' and then the operator takes the cover in hand. Instead
of holding the cover level over the place where it belongs, one end of
the cover is raised 10 or 12 inches, and the other end is allowed to
touch the hive. Neither does it touch the hive the whole width, but
just the corner of the cover farthest from the operator is allowed to
touch the nearest corner of the hive. Still holding the cover with one
end raised, he slides it from him across the width of the hive. Then
allowing this end of the cover to remain resting on the hive, he
quickly drops the other end 3, 4, or more inches, and as quickly raises
it again. The bees that were squeezed by the dropping of the cover
will get out of the way when it is raised. Without waiting an instant,
he rapidly moves the cover up and down, each time raising it not quite
so high as it was raised before, and lowering it just a little more. At
the last, when the cover is raised only an inch, or half an inch, a few
rapid vibrations up and down gets the last bee out of the way, and he
can tell pretty well by the feeling when the cover no longer strikes
upon the bees but upon the solid hive, and the cover is then allowed
to rest. All this is so rapidly done that it does not take so much time
as seems in the telling, and it is well that each novice should in the
start begin practicing to save the lives of his bees.

Cages for Shipping Queens Abroad.— J. P. Moore is re-
ported in Gleanings in Bee-Culture to have succeeded in "sending
about 95 percent ot his queens through alive to foreign countries."
For mailing queens to England he uses two Benton cages fastened
together face to face without any wire-cloth. Besides the candy, two
small tubes are contained, one filled with water, the other with honey.

The candy varies from the usual formula a little, and it is just pos-
sible that it might be a good thing for domestic as well as foreign
mailing. He says;

The candy is made of powdered sugar and honey, with the addi-
tion of a little glycerine, to prevent it from drying out and becoming
hard. It is made as follows:

To seven cups of powdered sugar add one cup of nice, well-ripened
honey; knead thoroughly, and make into three or four balls. Let it
stand a few days; then break the halls up and pour a little glycerine
over the mass, and work in more powdered sugar. Make into balls
as before, and let it stand a day or two, when it is ready for use, if
you have added enough sugar and not too much. If the balls flatten
down the candy is too soft, and must have more sugar; but if they
retain their shape, and have a moist appearance, the candy is just
right. When just right, it is soft and pliable, and retains its shape
when made into balls. ^___^^_^^__

Are Queens Injured by Sudden Cessation of Laying?

— On page 505, Mr. Hasty says :

"My ideaof the thing is that injury (if any) by suddenly com-
pelling a laying queen to cease laying would all come in the first week.
Twelve weeks no worse than six, so far as the laying matter is con-
cerned."

Evidently he is not in accord with what is perhaps a commonly
accepted view, that the suddenttess of the cessation does mischief, as
if violence were done to the queen by compelling her to retain eggs
that she feels impelled to lay. Really, is there anything in that view?
Is there any violence in the case whatever i A queen can continue—
does continue to lay— when suddenly removed from the combs, proven
by the eggs dropped on the floor-board of a swarm before any combs
are built. Is there, then, such a great xiiddetmess in the cessation?

Destroying Queen-Cells to Prevent Swarming.— When

the beginner has reached that point where it seems desirable to him to
prevent swarming, one of the first things that occur to him is to cut
out queen-cells. As the building of queen-cells is a part of the regu-
lar program of swarming, if they be regularly destroyed every few
days the rest of the program can not be carried out, and he thinks
there will be no swarming. He is surprised, however, to be told that
this can not at all be relied upon to prevent swarming. If constantly
thwarted in their efforts by the destruction of queen-cells, the bees
become desperate and swarm out just as soon as an egg is laid in a
queen-cell— possibly not waiting for that. The inefficiency of destroy-
ing cells as a means of preventing swarming has been so emphasized
that some seem to have the impression that it has no effect whatever.

It does, however, have an appreciable effect, indeed to such an
extent that one with bees not especially given to swarming may go
through the season with very little of it. If, upon examination,
queen-cells be found in a colony, and they are destroyed, the bees may
swarm the very next day. But this is not likely. They may at once
start cells again, only to be destroyed again by the bee-keeper on his
next round, and if he goes through his colonies for cells every 10 days
or so he will find some colonies that will keep up this battle with him
the entire season without swarming. In other cases he will find the
bees not so constant in their attempts. On one of his rounds he de-
stroys cells in a certain colony, and the next time he finds none. On
subsequent visits he may find cells started, and he may not.

Without actually recommending the cutting out of queen-cells as
a means ot preventing swarming, it is only fair to say that it is pos-
sible that one, especially it he can be present with the bees only a
short time each day, may go through the season quite satisfactorily,
provided he has a number of nuclei with young queens, or is willing

548

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug-. 27, 1903.

to buy young queens. Suppose he has only a few colonies, and is
present witli tliem only an hour or so eacli morning; or suppose he
has a number of colonies in an out-apiary that he visits only once in
10 days or so. He has all his queens clipped as an indispensable pro-
viso. He regularly destroys queen-cells in all colonies every 10 days
or so. and so long as there is no swarming all is clear sailing. On one
of his visits, however, he finds a colony with sealed cells and no eggs
or young brood. He knows then that this colony has swarmed. All
the same he destroys all queen-cells, and the next time round he gives
it a young laying queen, and counts pretty safely that no more fool-
ishness in the way of swarming will be considered by that colony for
the rest of the season.

That's the whole program ; destroy cells every 10 days, and when
a colony is found queenless give it a young laying queen at the next
subsequent visit. It may not suit many, but the plan is not altogether
to be despised.

The above program has been carried out in a good many cases in
a certain locality this year as well as other years, and it gets the honey.

Shall Swarms be Shaken Before Preparations for
Swarming ? — Some thinls it better to anticipate any action on the
part of the bees by shaking before the time comes for the bees to
start queen-cells, while others prefer to postpone action till queen-
cells are found in process of construction. What may be best in one
locality, or for one person, may not be best for another.

Where one can forestall swarming, and feel sure that is the end of
it for the season, there is quite a comfortable feeling of being master
of the situation. Granted that the shaking may interfere to some
extent with the crop, the question may be asked whether it interferes
any more — whether it interferes as much — as would swarming. Even
if a little less may be obtained from each colony, the total crop may
be increased by the shaking, for with the swarming question out of
the way one can take care of enough more bees to more than make up
all loss that comes from shaking. For, after all, in most cases the
amount of work involved is the important factor in the problem.
Less work and more bees will result from getting the swarming nui-
sance out of the way in advance.

But all may not be able to clear the track thus in advance. Too
early shaking will with them only make the swarming demon more
troublesome right in the harvest time. There may be sufficient reason
why for them it may be best to lieep on the watch tor swarming prep-
arations, only taking action when queen-cells are found in the hive.
It will require work to go through the hives at stated times looking
for cells. Still, one accustomed to the work will doit rapidly, and
the results may justify the expenditure of labor. There will, too, be
always ahead the alluring prospect of some colonies that will make
no preparation for swarming whatever throughout the whole season,
and they will be the record-making colonies. If all were shaken in
advance no discrimination could be made, tor it would not be possible
in advance to select those colonies which would be complaisant
enough to refrain from swarming.

This whole matter of shaken swarms is yet more or less unsettled,
and it is to be hoped that experience, careful observation, and liberal
exchange of views will so increase our knowledge regarding it that in
the near future each one may have some more definite idea as to what
shall bring the best practical results in his own case.

Ashley Valley, Utah, seems to be a veritable bee-keepers'
paradise, according to E. S. Lovesy, who grows eloquent over it in
the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal. Enormous records have been
made, some of them exceeding 1000 pounds to the colony. About a
hundred bee-keepers occupy the valley, some of them having five and
six apiaries with from 150 to 200 colonies in each yard, " and all of
them rushing in with their loads of beautiful white honey." Those
who might think ot moving to this paradise are warned off by
Editor Morehouse, who says the valley is now fully stocked, and no
new bee-keeper should crowd in on those already there.

But he awakens interest in the Uintah Indian Reservation, which
will be opened to settlement Oct. 1, 1904, saying:

The Uintah Reservation is similar to the Ashley valley, and when
settled its valleys will produce honey as lavishly as the celebrated
country around Vernal. It is now far isolated from railroads, but the
Denver, Northwestern tV: Pacific, now buildiog, will cross its borders
and open its magnificent resources to commerce and civilization.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. I(00k at them.

Convention Proceedings

)

Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. College, at Colleg-e
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SKC.

(Continued from pa^e 5.15.)

The following paper was presented by Wilmon Newell,
who had charge of the experimental work referred to by
Prof. Sanderson :

REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL APIARY OF THE
TEXAS A. & M. COLLEGE FOR 1902 3.

The Experimental Apiary was established in May, 1902,
with an appropriation of $500 for the first year's work, or
until Sept. 1, 1902. The itemized account of how this money
was expended, as well as the work accomplished up to Sept. 1,
1902, will be found in the " Report Upon the A. & M. College
Apiary," which was published during the past winter. Of
this report 1500 copies were printed, but owing to lack of
funds, copies were mailed to only a few in response to most
urgent requests. Several hundred inquiries were received
at the office of the entomologist for this report, showing
that the bee-keeping industry in Texas is rapidly growing,
and the demand for information enormous. Copies of this
report may be had free of charge by applying to the secre-
tary of the Association, or to the State entomologist.

For the year 1902-3, the sum of $250 was available.
This sum was totally inadequate for the work proposed,
especially as the first year's work and funds were insuffi-
cient to build up the apiary to the proper size and condition
for careful experimental work. The sum of $250 was ex-
hausted by March 1, 1902, and since that time the experi-
mental apiary has been run mostly by main strength — and
donations from charitably inclined individuals. Running
a private apiary purely for the commercial gain to be
derived therefrom, and running an experimental apiary
with no possible source of revenue, are two distinct and
different propositions, which fact is not always taken into
account by the outsider. A number of reasons, and chief
among them the necessity of a large and varied equipment,
make the conducting of an experimental apiary by far the
more expensive of the two. The $250 above mentioned was
expended as follows :

Bees and queens ?45 40

Hives and apparatus 64 39

Tools, fence, and accessories to bee-house 39 43

Books and magazines 16 30

Feeding in fall of 1902, made necessary by dry season. . 6 00
Seeds and plants for experiments with cultivated Honey-
plants 15 83

Improvement in main building otHce 6 00

Travel (foul brood inspection and assisiance) 21 10

Freight and express 18 31

Postage and telegrams 14 90

Incidentals 2 34

Total J250 00

Owing to the shortage of funds, some lines of experi-
mental work undertaken in 1902 had to be entirely aban-
doned, while the results with many other experiments were
neither satisfactory nor conclusive, owing to the small
number of colonies engaged in them.

HONEY-PLANTS.

In the fall and winter of 1902 considerable attention was
given in the current numbers of the bee-papers to a Califor-
nia plant designated as " carpet grass," very flattering
reports being given as to its honey-producing qualities and
resistance to drouth. We were unable to ascertain the spe-
cies of this plant, and accordingly secured from Sutter Co.,
Calif., through the courtesy of Mr. J. H. Erich, of that
county, living "carpet grass " plants. These were planted
out immediately upon their arrival, and grew fairly well.
Some time after securing these plants, its name of Lippia
nodiflora was published in the bee-papers. When the plants
at College Station began blooming in the latter part of
May, they were not only found to be this species, but were
^.\%o identical YiWn. the form of this species occurring in

Aug. 27, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

549

central Texas. This plant can be found along the banks of
streams, and on the sandy knolls adjoining stock tanks. As
a honey-producer in central Texas, at least, it is absolutely
worthless. The bees visit it but rarely, and only then in
the absence of all other nectar-yielding plants.

A small field of alfalfa was planted on the upland at
College Station in the fall of 1902, and in spite of the abun-
dant winter rains following, died out completely by May 1.
The seed germinated and came up well, but the soil was
evidently too poor for its growth.

The writer has often noticed that California privet —
which shrub is largely planted for ornamental hedges in
many parts of Texas — when in bloom, is visited by many
bees, and the nectar secured is evidently considerable.
With a view to determining the value of this shrub as a
honey-producer, a small grove was planted during the past
winter. Here, again, the lack of help asserted itself, and
the work had to be abandoned when about one acre had
been planted out. It is proposed to continue this planting
until the grove contains at least three acres, and this, in
three or four years, should give a good indication of what
may be expected from this plant.

In March, the seed of several plants, including catnip,
teasel, milkweed and sweet clover (Melilotus), were planted
in carefully prepared soil. None of them grew.

Of over 40 different plants tested during 1902 and 1903,
only borage, mustard, mignonette, Japanese buckwheat,
sweet-peas, cow-peas, and California privet promise to
thrive under soil and weather conditions existing at College
Station. Of these only borage, mignonette, Japanese buck-
wheat and privet offer any prospect of being profitable if
grown on a commercial scale for honey alone.

" PBLLONCILLOS."

This, an unrefined sugar manufactured in Mexico, is
familiar to the great majority of Texas bee-keepers, and
especially to those of the Southwest, who have often used it
for feeding in "off " years.

With a view to testing its food-value for bees, and its
cost as compared to sugar, we secured last autumn about 40
pounds of this sugar. The sugar, as ordinarily sold, is in
small cones containing about 13 ounces each, wrapped with
corn-husks. In December several of these cones were
placed in an empty super over a strong colony in need of
stores. The bees worked at it slowly but steadily, and at
the end of a month over half the sugar still remained in the
super.

On Feb. 10, 11 and 12, the weather being warm and
sunny, out-door feeding was resorted to as many of the col-
onies were short of stores. About 100 yards from the api-
ary three feeders were placed. One containing dry pellon-
cillos, one syrup made from pelloncillos and cold water, and
the other contained ordinary sugar syrup made from granu-
lated sugar (in the proportion of one part granulated sugar
to 1^2 parts water). The bees showed a decided preference
for the granulated-sugar syrup, and took it fully four times
as rapidly as the " pelloncie " syrup. The dry pelloncillos
were visited by only an occasional bee.

The day following many dead bees were found in front
of all the hives, and in the afternoon a full quart of bees,
dead and dying, were found bunched together by the
"pelloncie" feeder. Analysis of the " pelloncie " syrup
was made by Prof. H. H. Harrington, State Chemist, and
was found to contain a large percentage of acetic acid. The
dry pelloncillos were then examined, and were also found to
contain acetic acid. The large organic content, aside from
sugar, is most favorable for acetic acid fermentation. The
presence of a considerable amount of water, for this fermen-
tation to take place, is not necessarily essential. For this
reason we must conclude that the use of pelloncillos for
feeding bees is a most dangerous practice, and in no case
should be undertaken without first testing the sugar for
acid, and even while being fed it should be tested with lit-
mus paper every day to be certain that no fermentation is
taking place.

FEEDING EXPERIMENTS.

An experiment in stimulative feeding was undertaken
the past spring, but owing to the limited number of colo-
nies the results obtained were not conclusive.

In the experiment six colonies, each having six frames
of bees (practically 6-frame nuclei) were used. Colonies 8
and 9 (old series) were fed from Feb. 13 to April 13, with
Doolittle (division-board) feeders, at the rate of one half
pint of syrup per day (granulated sugar one part, to water
1 '2 parts), the feeding being omitted on cool and rainy days,
when the bees refused to take the syrup from the feeders.

Colonies 2 ana 12 were fed in the same way from March
6 to April 13. Colonies 1 and 3, for comparison, received
no feed. At the beginning of the experiment these colo-
nies (6-frame nuclei) were, so far as could be determined, in
the same condition. All were in 10-frame dovetailed hives,
and all had 3-banded Italian queens.

Summing up the results : Nos. 1 and 3 together pro-
duced (up to June 1) IS pounds of extracted honey. Colo-
nies 8 and 9 were fed in all 8 26-100 pounds of sugar, which,
at 6 cents per pound, cost SO cents. These two colonies to-
gether produced a surplus of 23,'3 pounds, a gain of 8>2
pounds over the unfed colonies. Honey of the same quality
and kind sold in Bryan, Tex., at this time for 7 cents. The
gain over the unfed colonies was therefore S9 cents, ob-
tained at a cost of SO cents ; profit 9 cents.

Colonies 2 and 12 received in all S.8 pounds of sugar,
which cost 3S cents. These two colonies produced only IS
pounds of surplus, which was the amount produced by 1
and 3 without feed. Loss, 3S cents. The above results
would indicate that the feeding commenced early (Feb. 13),
was far more profitable than the feeding commenced later
on (March 6). The above amounts of surplus seem very
small, but the fact that only nuclei were used in the experi-
ment readily explains that point. Had full colonies been
used the total yields would have been much larger, and
doubtless the benefit (or loss) have been more marked.

We are prone to believe from this experiment, as well
as from previous observations, that whether or not stimula-
tive feeding will prove profitable in the increased honey-
production will depend largely upon the price paid for
sugar, the selling price of the honey secured, and the length
of time available for building up the colonies before the
main honey-flow commences. For example, in the above
instance it is seen that the colonies which were given from
Feb. 13 to April 13 to build up not only paid for the sugar
furnished them, but made a narrow margin of profit besides.
On the other hand, the colonies which were given from
March 6 to April 13 to build up, did not even pay for a part
of the sugar fed them.

As an illustration of the bearing of the prices of sugar
and honey upon the results, suppose that in the case of
colonies 8 and 9, the sugar had been purchased at S cents
and the honey sold for 8 cents. The profit would have been
27 cents instead of 9 cents. Again, as a somewhat extreme
case, suppose that the honey obtained were of good quality
and retailed direct by the bee-keeper at 10 cents. The profit
due to feeding colonies 8 and 9 would have been (with sugar
at 5 cents) 4S cents.

Two full colonies were also used in a similar experi-
ment, one being fed and the other not fed. In this case the
fed colony produced but 3 pounds more surplus than the un-
fed colony, with a resultant loss of 12 cents. In the case of
these colonies, had the sugar been bought for S cents a
pound, and the honey sold for 10 cents, the gain in honey
would have exactly paid for the sugar fed. In other words,
neither profit nor loss. The value of the time necessary to
do such feeding is not taken into consideration. These re-
sults are not considered by any means as conclusive, but
are presented as showing how a very small variation in the
price of sugar, or in the selling price of honey, will deter-
mine whether stimulative feeding will return a profit or a
loss.

SECTION HONEY vs. EXTRACTED.

The present season has but confirmed our former opin-
ion, that the vicinity of the College is totally unadapted to
the production of section honey. A slow honey flow, an
abundance of propolis, and above all, a dark honey, are the
main deterrent factors. This makes the use of hives, spe-
cially constructed for section-honey production — such, for
example, as the Danzenbaker — inadvisable. An interest-
ing observation was made the past spring in connection
with the latter hive. 4xS plain sections, with fences and
foundation starters, were placed upon one Danzenbaker
hive, and upon one 10 frame dovetailed hive. The colonies
in both these hives were 3-banded Italian, and, as nearly as
could be determined, of the same strength. Now, as to re-
sults ; The colony in the Danzenbaker hive produced 11
sections that graded No. 2, and 13 partially filled sections
that could not be graded other than culls. The colony in
the 10-frame dovetailed hive produced 15 No. 1 sections and
14 No. 3 sections. We have no explanation to offer.

On account of the abundance of propolis the use of
closed-end frames, in most parts of Texas, is not practi-
cable, and their use by beginners is not to be recommended.
Among extensive bee-keepers rapidity of manipulation is a
most important consideration. With such a hive as the

550

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

Danzenbaker rapidity of manipulation — as that term is com-
monly understood in Texas — is impossible.

In some localities propolis is so abundant as to make
even the Hoffman frame an undesirable one. This is
notably the case in the Brazos bottom, but a few miles from
the College. It has been the custom of many bee-keepers
to overcome this difficulty by the use of the " all- wood "
frame, which must be spaced " by guess. " For many rea-
sons a self-spacing frame is to be desired, and in localities
where propolis is abundant we heartily endorse the metal-
spaced frame. These frames may be seen in the Experi-
mental Apiary.

(Continued next week. )

Contributed Articles

]

Shaken or Forced Swarms
Answered.

Objections

BY B. F. ATWATKR.

ADRIAN GETAZ, on page 407, relates an experience
very different from my own.

"I shook a few swarms several years ago," says
Mr. Getaz. Well, so did I, and with the passing years I
have shaken more, until I can now safely say that I have
made scores, if not hundreds, of such swarms in the last two
years. Mr. Getaz says, " As to preventing swarming, it
was a great success." My experience is the same, if shaken
on comb foundation starters only. With full sheets it is not
an invariable preventive ; on full combs it is even less cer-
tain with queens of various ages.

Swarms shaken on combs of seated brood oiten prepared
for swarming again, unless given a ripe queen-cell, instead
of their queen (Aikin), and this latter is a very practical
plan, a complete success.

Now, for the objections raised by Mr. Getaz :

1. " To carry it out on a large scale, it would be neces-
sary to have a number of extra hives, which would involve
a considerable cost." That's very true, but if the profits
more than compensate one for this extra cost, what matter ?

2. His second objection, crooked comb and drone-comb
built in the brood-nest, where, apparently, no frames were
placed. Why, Mr. Getaz, how about the age ot the queens ?
Also, if the bees were not at work in the sections before be-
ing shaken, you may be sure that they will often build comb
in an empty brood-nest first, where there are no little sec-
tion-boxes or separators to divide the cluster. If the supers
had contained drawn comb, or had been taken from other
colonies well at work in the sections, the results might have
been very different, for to insure stow work in the brood-
nest, and the building of mostly worker-comb from mere
starters, the bees must be working vigorously in the sec-
tions, almost as soon as hived.

3. " The queens will go into the sections unless pre-
vented by a honey-board." If they do, wait a. few days be-
fore adding the supers, or give a comb below. Here, the
honey-board is "an expense" — a blessing, not "a nui-
sance " — and so an expense gladly met.

4. "Some pollen.... in sections." Give them a comb
of brood or an empty comb below, which will usually les-
sen or do away with that trouble.

" Moderate increase, taking one comb of brood out of
each colony every few days and replacing it with a frame
of foundation." Nice plan, that, for my ten out-yards, isn't
it? And more, in a fine flow my bees (mostly Italians) will
pull out that sheet of foundation and fill it with honey, so
that it acts very much as a division-board, practically con-
fining the queen to one side of the hive, and so inducing
swarming.

Now, to go back to objection No. 2. If the shaken
swarms "did nothing, or very little, in the sections," it
would seem to me that the queen would have been lonesome
there.

The colonies here do fine section-work when shaken on
drawn combs, but are somewhat apt to swarm within two
weeks. Starters z£/;7/ do, if you will keep in mind my direc-
tions for securing worker-comb, and use a brood-nest of not
more than seven Langstroth frame capacity. However, I
have no quarrel with those who prefer full sheets of founda-

tion, as excellent results are secured in either way, and I hive
these forced swarms on full sheets, when, for any reason, I
desire to form such swarms late in the season.

"I would suggest to contract the brood-chamber to
three combs, so that the majority of the bees would be com-
pelled to work in the supers." Don't you do it, for pollen
will be placed in the sections. I have found it unsafe to
contract the brood-nest until a swarm has been hived sev-
eral days, or they may desert. With a brood-chamber, either
shallow or deep, of five Langstroth frame capacity, a little
pollen may go into the sections, but with a brood-chamber
of six or seven Langstroth frame capacity, I have very
rarely had this trouble.

"Then, as soon as these three combs are occupied, add
one or two more." Here, and in the quotation above, Mr.
Getaz says "combs," but, as he said, " It will not do to put
in already built comb," I suppose that he menasfratnes of
foundation. Well, just let me suggest that " this is entirely
too much work."

" Shall we leave a comb of brood ? No, unless it is
sealed brood." I have left combs of brood of all ages, and
no swarming out resulted therefrom, although my experi-
ence in this respect is very different from that of J. E.
Crane and some few others.

" Shall we ' shook ' or not ? In my opinion, no, decidedly
no. It is far better to keep the forces together than to
divide." Why, to be sure, but shaking does not divide
when properly done, unless increase is desired. After
shaking, I put a piece of burlap over the topmost
super on the forced swarm ; on this place the brood-nest
and combs of brood, and the cover on top of all. Bore a ,'i •
inch hole in the front end of this brood-body containing the
frames of brood, and over this nail a chute or runway, so
that as the brood hatches the bees are automatically fed into
the "shook " or forced swarm, until all the brood is hatched.
Or the same result may be attained by using the Heddon
method of preventing after-swarms.

The burlap under the brood-comb gives ventilation and
prevents chilling of the combs of brood. By this plan the
forces are kept together, avoiding, in my practice, any
" double loss," giving a double gain, control of swarming,
with comparatively little labor and a large yield of comb
honey of fine quality ; and the queens are laying almost
all the time, which can not be said of Mr. Getaz's plan of
unqueening, although unqueening is an excellent plan for
localities having one short honey-flow.

This season I have tested several systems of manage-
ment to be used in the production of comb honey, and, as a
result of that experience, I shall in the future use the Aikin
method of allowing unlimited breeding-room up to the open-
ing of the flow, then shake on starters or combs of sealed
brood, in the latter case, giving only a ripe queen-cell. By
giving sufficient stores and breeding-room up to the opening
of the flow, it will not be necessary to inspect the bees more
than once or twice up to June 1, when, at the opening of
the June flow, by shaking all we need not inspect brood-
nests for several weeks, visiting the bees once in ten days to
give more super-room, and to remove finished supers.

Make the swarms very strong at any cost, for the strong
colonies are the ones that stack up the supers of No. 1
honey. Ada Co., Idaho, June 30.

Wetting Qeeens for Easy Handling.

BY ADRIAN GBTAZ.

I AM the one to whom Dr, Miller refers in ■ his letter
(page 483) as to wetting the queens when introducing
them. What I had in view was not the introduction, but
rather the handling of queens. The queens that I buy are
introduced as per directions printed on the cage-cards. I do
not think that any better method can be found, notwith-
standing all that has been written on the subject.

I wet the queens whenever I handle them, just for safety
and easy handling. For instance, you want to catch a
queen for some purpose or other. You find her on a comb
with more or less bees around her. Well, you try to catch
her. Perhaps in your hurry you mash her or injure her
seriously. Or some bee intervenes and stings you. Or, for
fear of hurting her, you fail to catch her firmly, and she be-
gins to race around quite lively. In your attempt to catch
her, you scare her worse and worse, and she finally takes
wing, and then you feel very much like breaking the third
commandment of the Decalogue

Now. suppose that as soon as you see the queen you give
her and the bees around her a good wetting. Then neither

Aug. 27, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

551

bees nor queen can neither run nor fly — just barely crawl
about. You can then take your own time and catch the
queen tenderly and carefully, and just put her wherever you
please.

In rearing' queens, I invariably cage the cells as soon as
the bees have thinned the ends. The cages are made of
wire-cloth, and similar in shape to the West cages. I put
the cage in the hive the queen is to occupy, if it is already
queenless, or I leaveit where the cell has been built. But
it must be in the cluster of bees to make sure that the
young queen will be fed. Anyway, the time will come
when the queen (a virgin, of course) will have to be released.
When I first began, I simply uncorked the cage and laid it
on the frames, letting the queen come out and go down be-
tween the combs. After two or three went " up in the air "
instead of "down between the combs," I decided to give
cages and queens a good wetting before uncorking the
cages.

During the last two or three years I have often intro-
duced them directly. That is, taken the cage (and enclosed
queen) from the colony where she had been reared, given
her a bath, and turned her loose at the entrance of her new
home. This method has been as successful as the other. It
has the advantage of not needing to open the hive where the
queen is introduced. That's a good deal in times of scarcity
of nectar. Very often the medding of robbers spoils the
introduction of a queen. Knox Co., Tenn.

[ Our Bee-Meepin$ Sisters ]

Conducted by E.mma M. Wilson, Mareusjo, 111.

Cutting' Out Queen-Cells — Swarming'.

Will you please explain about taking out queen-cells ?

1. When to commence taking them out ?

2. How often ?

3. How long after the first swarm to prevent a second ?
and how long after a second to prevent a third ?

3. How to tell if a colony is queenless after swarming,
and what is best to do with them ? Mrs. S. Hatch.

Washington Co., N. Y.

1. If your desire is to prevent or postpone a first swarm
you must begin as soon as queen-cells are started, at least
before they are sealed. If you have a number of colonies,
begin looking through the strongest at or before the usual
time of swarming, which will likely be in your location
about the time the white clover begins to bloom. When
you find cells started in these strong colonies, then it will
be well to make a systematic search in the others.

2. About once in nine or ten days.

3. If all but one cell are cut out about a week after the
first swarm, there ought to be no second or third swarm. If
you want a second swarm to issue, but nothing later, cut
out all cells but one as soon as the second swarm has issued.
This, however, is not entirely safe, for immediately upon
the issuing of the second swarm another young queen may
have issued from her cell, and if you leave one cell uncut
while there is a free queen in the hive, there may be a third
swarm.

On general principles it may be said that you will prob-
ably find upon sufficient experience that it is better to pre-
vent all after-swarms. To do this by cutting out queen-
cells, listen for the piping of the first young queen that
emerges. That ought to be about eight days after the is-
suing of the first swarm. To be on the safe side you might
begin to listen the seventh day. Go to the hive in the even-
ing when it has become still, put your ear against the side
of the hive, and if there is a young queen there piping, you
will have no difficulty in recognizing her shrill voice at in-
tervals, " p-e-e-e-p, p-e-e-p, peep," and then the next morn-
ing cut out all cells.

There is, however, a better way than to cut out cells,
by getting the bees themselves to do the job. The bees will
never miss a cell ; you may. The plan is this : When the
first swarm issues, set the swarm on the old stand, putting
the old hive close beside it. A week later move the old hive
to a new place. That will make the field-bees, on their re-
turn from the fields, instead of going back to the old hive
go back to the old place, joining the swarm. This will so

weaken the old colony that the bees will decide they can not
afford to swarm any more, and only one queen will be left.
4. Two weeks after the issuing of a first swarm, if no
brood nor eggs are to be found in the hive, you may decide
you have a queenless colony. Give it a laying queen, or if
you have none, a virgin queen or a queen-cell.

Hiving Swarms from Tall Trees.

As Miss Wilson has asked the sisters to tell how they
do it, and as Joseph Blake tells how he did it, in last week's
Bee Journal, I will tell the sisters the way I did it last
summer.

I have a tall, slim red-cedar tree in my yard, and a
swarm came out and settled in the top of it. So I spread
an old quilt on the ground and put the hive on that, where
I supposed they would fall, when I palled the tree-top over
and would shake them off.

I nailed two pieces together, and put a large nail in one
end of the pole and tied the other end with a clothes-line,
so my neighbor could pull on that while I had the pole. I
went after him, and he came ; of course, he kept away quite
a little distance, as he is afraid of bees. The nail would
slip off of the line ; I spoke but got no answer, and looked
behind me and he was gone. One got after him and he
left. I thought if I could get the rope aroun^ near the top
then I would pull it over. It did not take me long to think
how to get it there. I tied the line to the end of the pole
and put it up where I wanted the rope, and walked around
the trees and pulled the rope along, so it would come down.
I then tied both ends together to pull it down.

I had to go for my neighbor again (they live close to
me). When he came he wanted to know how I got the rope
up there. So we both pulled on the rope and bent the tree-
top over so I could shake them off, but the bees did not go
near where I expected they would ; they took wing and set-
tled in a high cedar, higher than they were before, and the
limbs were so thick together that one could not get them.
My neighbor thought they were a hopeless case. I said the
only way I could see to do with them was to keep them
stirred up until they would leave and go some place else.
So, with the long pole we kept them stirred up, but they
would cluster in the same place, so I told him he might as
well go home, and I would keep stirring them up.

I have tall pine trees along the road, and the bees are
on the south side of them, so the neighbor just below the
other one saw me in the road and came up. He and I kept
punching and stirring them. He said we ought to have
some kind of smoke, so I left him working at them and
came in to get some saltpeter rags to tie on the end of the
pole to set fire to and put up among them. When I went
back I heard a roaring in the apple-tree by the other one,
and I saw they intended to make for the woods, but the
queen was too tired. She settled on a low limb of an apple-
tree right across the road, so I took the hive over there,
and with a poker got them and poured them on the quilt in
front of the hive, and they were very glad to march in as
fast as they could. It was a prime swarm, and I did not
want to lose it. You see, there is a good deal of the bull-
dog nature about me to hang on. When I got through I
had been over an hour at them, but I got them.

I think the Sisters department a great improvement to
the Bee Journal ; it gives us a chance to know what each
one is doing, as you say. Whenever a woman makes up her
mind to do anything she will do it.

I will let you know about my bees before very long.

Cumberland Co., N. J. Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet {3>^x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Pricks, prepaid— Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

552

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLRNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

[ Hasty's Afterthoughts ]

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

MENDING THB WEATHER — SHADE-BOARDS.

Mr. Abbott must be allowed his joking question about
what we are going to do to mend the weather — warm
weather in winter — but that is a very misleading joke. If
decided that bees really suffer serious loss from much and
daily flying around, the flying can be greatly reduced. The
main question is simply whether that much work and ex-
pense is called for — and whether our arrangements will not
be left to do harm further on, when Winter really gets busy.
The key to the situation lies in shade-boards mainly. A
complete shade has great power in the winter. Page 421.

THE OCTOPUS OF COMBINATION.

Curious variations, the Octopus is capable of taking on,
it seems. The fruit combine of California now walks on two
equal legs, one a company of producers and one a company
of commission men — the same head and tentacles answer-
ing for both. Case of necessity again. Benificent. Curi-
ous to see how, in these present years, the benificent whis-
tle of combination is in the boys" pockets, and how it in-
clines to get to whistling itself. And if boys were saints
how good a thing it would be I Page 422.

A SISTER TO TRY HATCHING EGGS OVER BEES.

Now we are to know whether it is practical to hatch
eggs over bees. A woman with " gumption " to do things,
and who handles both fowls and bees, is going to try it.
Page 424.

REMOVING HONEY FOR BROOD.

May be. Must be— seeing good men say it — in Cuba,
and perhaps in other places, too, sometimes— But still I feel
pretty sure nectar will be taken out of the way of the queen
whetieaer both queen and workers eagerly ivant brood. In-
stead of studying on some other kind of bee, brethren,
can't you put the bee you have in a different frame of
mind ? Page 428.

VENTILATION OF BEE CELLARS.

Surely, Bingham is strong on ventilation. He gives
cellar three tall ventilators, each big enough for a chimney-
sweep to crawl in. And when they take the temperature
down he inclines to just " let her go down." Yet, popularly,
the present drift of sentiment is toward no special ventila-
tion at all. How perplexing! May it not be that these two
things I name are bolh truths ? With correct and even
temperature extra-pure air is not mandatory. With per-
rectly pure air even temperature is not mandatory. Of
course we know that everything is mandatory, and still the
bees will die,- if the food is bad. Page 428.

SACKED SVS^ARMS THAT DESERTED.

Ah ! Nine swarms tied up in sacks because there were
no hives for them, all deserted when hived. Worth heed-
ing. Several days sacked. England. In Yankee land we
do things better. Guess some would have staid if they had
been fed properly. Page 430.

IRONING UNEVEN COMBS.

Thick, uneven combs put into shape by ironing them
with a sad-iron not quite melting hot. 'Pears like it might
answer. Page 436.

SOLICITING ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIPS.

Solicitors to get bee-folks to join the Association. I
had not thought of that before. Guess it will work — that is,
can be made to work — in those regions of countrv where
bee-men " hang thick on the bushes." Page 438.

UNITING WEAK COLONIES IN SPRING.

Yes, Mr. Green, I agreed with you at the time, but
thought it well to have reasons more fully stated. Let each
weak colony in spring paddle its own canoe the best it ever

can paddle it. Help them if you can, but don't muss them
up. More and better ones will get through than by contin-
ued uniting. Still, we don't want the iron-clad proposition
that weak bees are never to be united in spring. Page 439.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the ofiBce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Best Hive— Gathering Honey.

What is the best kind of hive to use for bees ? We have
a colony in a box, and I am anxious to get a hive.
When shall I gather the honey, and how ?

Illinois.

Answer. — You will do well to adopt a movable-frame
hive, the dovetailed being one of the most popular. It is
now so late that perhaps it will be as well to leave the bees
in the box till next season after the first swarm. Very
likely, however, they may do more than to fill the box, and
you may be able to obtain some nice surplus for the table.
Make one or more holes in the top of the hive or box — no
matter if you bore right down into the honey — set over this
a box four or six inches deep, and large enough to cover the
hive, or more than one smaller boxes of the same depth,
and when filled remove. You can tell better when filled by
having glass on one or more sides, darkening the glass.

If you are going in for bees, one of the first things to
do is to get a book of instruction, telling you how to take
care of them.

Transferring Bees— Overstocking and Preventing
Increase.

1. I wintered two colonies last winter. This spring they
each swarmed three times, and one of those swarms swarm-
ing again. One (in au old Langstroth hive, the other in a
Jones) has filled all of the eight frames and the spaces be-
tween, so I can not takeout any frames without cutting the
comb between and drowning a great many bees. I do not
wish to leave this hive in the condition it is. How can I get
the bees out of the hive and put them into a new hive, so I
can save honey, comb and bees?

2. I have 15 colonies. There are about 60 or 70 other
colonies in the village. What number could I safely work
up to without the neighborhood being overstocked ?

3. When I get to that number, how can I prevent in-
crease ? Palermo.

Answers. — 1. You need have little fear of drowning
bees in honey, for the other bees will clean them up. But
you can get the bees out by smoking and drumming them,
as directed in your bee-book.

2. That depends altogether on the pasturage. It is
possible that you have reached the limit already, with 75 or
85 in one locality. Many localities will bear 100 colonies,
and some favored places 200, 300, or more.

3. There are various ways, one being to double in the
fall or spring to the desired number.

Queenless Colonies— Difference in Bees.

1. I have over 100 colonies of bees. At this time of the
year the honey-flow is over, and I find many queenless colo-
nies. I give them brood from other colonies, and still some
fail to rear a queen, and finally dwindle away. There are
plenty of drones about. Why do they not rear queens ?

2. When going through the hive I find in some that
many of the supers contain uncapped honey, while others
are starving for lack of it. Does uncapped honey in the
extracting super prove that the bees are still gathering
honey ? If so, why is it that while some colonies gathered
sufficient to store some, that other colonies failed even to
support themselves, both colonies being equally strong ?

3. I bought some queens this spring from a breeder as
Italian queens. One of them seems different from the others.
They are quite a gray color, having a couple of rusty bands.

Aug. 27, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

553

They are so cross that when the hive is opened they Hy out
at you as if they were shot out of a gun, stinging one all
over. What kind or breed of bees do you think they are ?
The other Italians are gentle, and have more yellow on
them. California.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. Possibly they have been
queenless so long that the bees are all old, and old bees are
not the best kind for rearing queens. As you have given
brood, there will be young bees hatching out from that
brood, and if you give them brood and eggs again after
enough young bees have hatched out, it is possible they
may be willing to start cells.

2. No, unsealed honey in the extracting super does not
prove the bees are still gathering. Two colonies apparently
equal in strength may vary greatly in industry ; one stor-
ing while the other scarcely makes a living.

3. Hard to tell ; there may be black or Carniolan blood
in them.

Keeping Wax-Worms Qut of Honey.

I would like to know how to keep the wax-worms out of
comb honey. I have a nice lot to ship, and would like it in
first-class shape. New York.

Answer. — You ask how to keep the wax-worms out.
The best way is to have strong colonies with a large propor-
tion of Italian blood in them. You probably, however,
want to know how to destroy the worms already in your
sections. Fumigate them with sulphur. Use about a pound
of sulphur or brimstone for each thousand cubic feet of
space. Take any old vessel and fill it partly with ashes.
In this set the iron vessel to hold the brimstone. Put in
rags, live coals, or a hot iron, and as soon as lighted hustle
out so as not to breathe the fumes. Close up tight, and 12 to
24 hours later air out. That will destroy all but the eggs,
and you must repeat the fumigation about tfro weeks later
to catch those that hatched out from any eggs that might
have been present.

If you can get it, it may be still better to use bisulphide
of carbon, which is believed to destroy the eggs as well as
the larvae. The amount to be used depends upon the number
of sections and the space. One way is to stack up the supers
of sections 5 or 10 feet high, put an empty super on top, and
cover up in this two or three tablespoonfuls of the drug iu a
saucer, leaving it to evaporate. Be sure not to bring a light
near it, unless you want your friends to be troubled by a
funeral.

The Alfalfa Pest-Numfier of Colonies for One Man.

1. Please describe the insect that blights alfalfa. How
often does it appear in such large quantities ? I would like
to know all about it.

2. How many bees are the most that one man can
handle, where there is a long but slow honey-flow ?

California.

Answers. — 1. I don't know, and refer the question to
some one of the constituency better informed.

2. From 100 to three or four times that number, accord-
ing to the man and management.

Did the Queen Pass Through Perforated Zinc?

I have just overhauled my five hives. I had queen-ex-
cluders on 2 hives. In each case I find brood in the upper
chamber. I found the queen in one upper chamber, caught
her and put her down below. I suppose in each case the
queen must have passed through the perforated zinc. Do
you think my supposition correct ? Drones cannot pass
through them, but I think the queen must have done so, or
else I have queens above and below, for there is brood in
both places. If there are two queens, then the one I caught
and put below will either kill or be killed.

I have not had much swarming, and no' great amount
of honey. The bees are working, but I think the brood eats
it all. There is lots of brood. British Columbia.

Answer. — It is just possible that the case may be ex-
plained by assuming that the queen went up through the
excluder, but I would accept that explanation only as a last
resort. A virgin queen will make frantic efforts to get
through an excluder when she wants to go out on her wed-
ding-trip, but I have never known that a laying queen

would try very hard to get through an excluder. Even if
the perforations were just large enough for such a queen to
squeeze through, I don't believe one queen in a hundred
would make the efi'ort. Still, if there is no possibility of a
queen in each story, or of brood having been put in each
story, it is just possible that there may have been perfora-
tions large enough, and that the queen passed through.

Time to Rear a Queen -A Colony Killing Its Bees.

1. I divided 11 colonies this summer. I put the old
queens on the old stands, and the new ones off by them-
selves. Now what I want to know is this : The "A B Cof
Bee-Culture " says that it takes 2+ days for a queen to
hatch, but 9 out of that 11 hatched in 12 days, and one of
them swarmed. There were no queens in there when I
divided them.

2. I have a colony of bees that kill many of their bees ;
they have done it two or three times this summer. They
will kill about a pint and then stop for awhile. One colony
did it last year, and I thought at first that another swarm
had gone in, but I see that is not what is the matter with
them. Colorado.

Answers. — 1. You must have misread the " A B C of
Bee-Culture." I think no authority nowadays makes the
time longer than 16 days from the time the egg is laid till
the young queen emerges from the cell, and 15 days is per-
haps nearer the truth in a strong colony. When the queen
is removed, as in your case, queen-cells are started from
young larvK, and the first young queen generally emerges
in about 12 days, so your bees followed the general rule.

2. I don't know what the trouble is that would make
them kill off anything but drones. It might be, as you
supposed, a small swarm entering, only it would hardly oc-
cur so often.

^-*-^

Buying and Rearing Queens.

Would you advise buying a queen now, or wait until
spring ? I want to try rearing a few queens, and did not
know whether to get a queen now or wait until spring, when
it is not so warm for her to be sent through the mail.

Missouri.

Answer. — Better get the queen now. If you wait till
next year it will be somewhat along in the season before
the new queen gets settled in her place, and if you get her
this year you can begin breeding from her as early as you
like next year. In other words, you will be just so much
farther on by getting her this year; perhaps even being
able to rear some queens from her this year.

Using the Drone-Trap-Introducing-Cages.

1. How can I trap drones without injuring the queen or
her usefulness ?

2. Does the old queen always issue with the first swarm
of the season ?

3. Will she at no time come out unless a swarm issues ?

4. Can non-swarming be practiced by the use of the
drone-trap without injury to the queen ?

5. When the queens destroy one another, does the old
queen always come out victorious ?

6. What cages are the best for introducing queens ? and
what kind of candy is used in them ?

7. Is it an established fact that the queen has to come
out of the hive to be fertilized?

8. How can I successfully practice non-swarming with
the use of the drone-trap, and destroy the surplus of drones
at the same time and not injure the queen or her useful-
ness ? Ohio.

Answers. — 1. By using the Alley drone-trap.
2 Yes, unless some accident occurs to her.

3. Not after she has taken her bridal-trip.

4. Not satisfactorily.

5. No.

6. Merely for introducing without shipping, the Miller
cage with Scholz or Good candy.

' 7. Yes.

8. I don't know.

You are quite right as to the importance of studying
one's business, and you would find it a very great help to
study a good bee-book.

554

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27. 190?.

^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP^

OF THE

UHTED STATES AND WOELD,

WITH SPECIAL INSET MAPS OF

GUlna, Cuba, Pono Rico, me riiillppines, Hawaii, and Alaska,

Especially prepared to meet the demand for a first-class map that will give a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularl.v to the United States and our territorial possessions. Very nsetnl in every Home and Office.

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EHiE^VElbT BE-A.XJTIFXJnLi OOLOPIS.

Best and Most Necessary Map
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No Home or Business House
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The :XX
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One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
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graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

1901 ElklXIOiV. — Every reader should c-^-asult it every day. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc. Especial attention is given to th_ topography of the country ; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated. The leading cities and towns are shown, special attention being given to those along lines of railroads. The
Canadian section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked. The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
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On llie reverse side is the I.,ibrary map of tlie World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
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locate every country in the world. A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, al.so the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. The Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors. They are placed in convenient positions around the
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World side of map adds to its value.

^^®~ Two maps on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express ; or we will

forward it free as a premium lor sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each ; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

Aug.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

555

fldelS * HflRD RECORD TO 5Ef\T * fl(lGl§

My father has an Adel colony that stored 75 pounds section honey. It cast a swarm that has
filled nine 24-pjund supers up to date— 1903. I am ready to back up_thls statement.

F. R. Koz

Iowa,
xpect

\K, Maquoketa,

I got 210 1-pound sections from one Adel colony. Another has filled 8 supers, and I e
more supers this year from same colony. J. C, Oli)Eni!erg, Belleplaine, M

One Queen and "ImproTed Queen Rearing," $1.50. Send for 16-page Catalog.
30AU HENRY ALLEY. WenHAM. MASS

FKEB FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon cannot afford to be without the best
Sheep Paper published in the United Statea.

W^ool Markets and Sheep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first.foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND HEEP. CHIGABO ILL

Sections, Stiippino-Gases,
fioneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
4'iAtf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS ''o g'v«-

Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary. Sjnd me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 JMuth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. " THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Qolden Italians— None Superior. .-. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1,00 each; 6 for 5.00 I Select Tested, $2 50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co,,

Front and Walnut,

CINCIIMNATI, OHIO.

C

FROM MANY FIELDS

J

Fine Weather in California.

We are having tine weather here in central
California. Bees are doing well. The Cen-
tral California Bee-Keepers' Association had
a special meeting to discuss and consider the
subject of the California National Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association of Los Angeles. Nearly
all were in favor of joining, but it was laid
over until after the meeting in Aug. 18 to 20,
at Los Angeles, where some of us expect to
be, if the Lord wills.

My follts live at Pasadena, the garden of
Los Angeles County, which place the Santa
Fe railroad runs through. Bee-keepers from
the East should not fail to see it while in Cali-
fornia. B. P. Shirk.

Kings Co., Calif., Aug. 3.

Hiving Swarms— A Report.

I received a queen during that cold, wet
weather and had bad luck introducing her, so
I sent for another and introduced her with
the tobacco-smoke system, and had success.

On page i7'A, dumping the swarms in front of
the hive and letting them run in to keep them
strong i.s recommended. It says in two weeks
all swarming will be over. It seems to me a

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEI-BEE EEEE

To Our Regular Paid-In-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writing Advertisers.

556

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

long time to dump swarms in front of a hive.
Now I will give my way, which works like a
charm.

Take an empty hive, set it in front of the
parent colony, and put an Alley queen-trap in
front. Have a screen made of wire-cloth to
fit the top of the hive. Dump the bees in
the hive, put the screen on quick, and smoke
them out through the trap. The bees will re-
turn to the parent hive ; take off the trap, and
you have all queens andi^^drones at your dis-
posal.

I started in with 18 colonies, spring count,
and I now have 35, all in good condition. I
have taken off about .tOO pounds of clover
honey so tar. The first part of the season be-
ing too cold and wet, the bees only made a
living, and got ready for furious swarming.
At this lime it is getting very dry, and the
bees are almost on a strike.

I would like to attend that convention, but
the distance is so great that it would spoil a
$100 bill for me to go. so I will have to stay
at home and see what the " Old Reliable"
will say about the convention.

The Sisters department is fine. Success to

Miss Wilson and the American Bee Journal.

F. McBride.
Hardin Co., Ohio, July 1".

Will Exhibit at St. Louis in 1904.

The bees did well until July 18, then the
honey-flow was cut short, the nights being
cool and the days warm, and very little honey
coming in. Up to July IS the flow was good,
never better. I will send one ton of honey to
the St. Louis Exposition in 1904.

I have 43 members for the National Bee-
Keepers' Association. I sent in 33, and have
11 more to send in yet— 43 from one county,
and I still expect more.

I increased 1 colony of bees to 4 this season,
and had taken from them 363 pounds of honey
up to July 21. G. W. Vangundt.

Uintah Co., Utah, Aug. 4.

Gathering from Alfalfa in Wiscon-
sin.

Bees have not been doing much in the way
of storing surplus honey for two weeks past.
Before they were doing well on alfalfa clover
until that was cut. There is plenty of white
clover, but it does not yield honey like alfalfa.
On one side of the bee-yard is alfalfa and the
other is white clover.

Last fall I put in the cellar 78 colonies, and
did not lose one in wintering. I now have
102 colonies and 8 nuclei. I work my bees
for section honey. They are the 5-banded
Italians. A. McClanathan.

Eau Claire Co., Wis., July 28.

About Half A Crop of Hone.y.

About half a crop of honey is reported for
our locality ; west of Chatsworth it was a lit-
tle better than most localities. Six hundred
colonies, belonging to four bee-keepers, pro-
duced nearly 40 tons. Had the bees all been
Italians, and InLangstroth hives, there is no
doubt but what the crop would have been
much better.

The most of our honey crop came in June,
it being cold and foggy during the month of
May.

As usual, the hot weather hurt the white
sage in July.

I saw something in the American Bee Jour-

Tnousands ol Hives - Millions ot Seciions

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping- to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G, B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Please mention Bee Journal when •writing

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. T ^s"c.zr;^^iTi

K***^* Mw» m^-^^t^ TT %^.rm.» H^ CASH— for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as foUows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Everything i

FOR BEES... i

KRETCHMER MFG. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Catalog with hnndreds of
NEW illustrations FREE to
bee keepers. Write for it now

AQENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lam
Trester Supply Co.,

Lincoln, Nebraska.
Shugart & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J. W. Bittenbender,

Kno.xviUe, Iowa.

, Colo.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

Please mention Bee Journal when wntln?,.

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working -wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Beesfvax
always ^'anted at liig;hest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

Role Aerents for Canada.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta. Wis.

Ill^ht uid e&ey. Send 10 cents for full
line of samples and partlcularE>. •

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chicago, lilt.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.

Please -nention Bee Journal when writing.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY IS.4BELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little ot the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

QneeDS NowReady to Supply m Retnrn Hail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-gatherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
75 cents ; 6 for $4.00.
pj J /^l /^ ^,__ which left all records behind in honey-

K^CG L/IOVCr l^UCCnS, gathering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.
— They are so highly recommended, being more gentle
than all others. Untested, $1.00.

Golden Italians

Carniolans

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-2148 Central Avenue,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

rtease mention Bee Journal "whon "writina (Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)

Aug. 27, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

557

nal about sumac being a good hone.v-llower.
The kind of sumac that grows on the dry hills
of this section yields a little honey in July,
and it is of a dark color. It is quite diflferent
from that which grows in the lowlands of
Minnesota.

My father sells honey at one of the city
markets at half a cent higher than that quoted
by the California National Honey-Producers'
Association. Of course, only merchants buy-
ing a few cases will buy. He also retails ex-
tracted honey.

No doubt the California National Honey-
Producers' Association is all right for Eastern
buyers, but honey may come up a little after
the 15th of this month. E. Archibald.

Los Xngeles Co., Calif., Aug. 7.

A SboFt Report.

I have 38 colonies of bees, and doing well.
I have taken off SOO pounds of honey, and
have 1500 more in sight. John DeGroff.

Peoria Co., 111., Aug. 10.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

D

Translated from the French.

IXTRODiciSG Bees. — Jlr. Fitzhoff, (Jour-
nal de P Abeille rhenane), says he put the
caged queen in the hive. Next day, he takes
the cage (queen included) puts it in a cup of
cold water and then turns the wet queens
loose. He says he has never lost a queen,
even when introducing to colonies with lay-
ing workers. Though he does not say so, I
suppose that the queen is alone in the cage,
without candy or attendants.

Apiflt.e Super-Clearer. — In a quart of
boiling water put one ounce of carbolic acid
(crystals) and one ounce of glycerine. When
Deeded, wet a cloth with the mixture and put
on the supers to be cleared. A few minutes
will empty them of all the bees.

Do Bees Move Egos? — Mr. (iailet (Api-
<!ulteur) says yes. In July, lsS9, he intro-
duced a queen in a wire-cloth cage without
attendants and without food (the usual pro-
cess in Europe) to a colony having no un-
sealed brood. Some accident prevented him
from releasing the queen until four days later.
To his surprise, he found eggs in several of
the cells around the cage. He supposes the
queen dropped her eggs which fell through
the' meshes of the wire-cloth, and were car-
ried by the bees into the cells.

Paraffise and Wax. — The adulteration
of wax with paraffine is not often practiced
here, but it may be well to know how to as-
certain the fact.

Heat the suspected wax in a porcelain ves-
sel with a large quantity of concentrated sul-
phuric acid. There will be a considerable
foaming. Keep the heat a few moments yet
and let cool. The wax will be transformed
into a semi-liquid black residue; while the
paratline will remain intact, come on the top
■ solidify. The acid must be as concentrated
as possible, otherwise it would act only very
slowly and imperfectly on the wax. It must
be in excess, otherwise the residue would be
too thick and retain the paraftine. A portion
of the paralline remains in the residue even

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1 6 12

Honey Queens (Untested). .$ .75 $ 4.00 $ 7.00
" ** (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13.00

Golden " (Untested).. .75 4.00 7.00

" ** (Tested).... 1.25 7.00 13 00

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.00 11.00 21.00
Breeders, f3.00 each, after Jfuue 1.

Add price of an^ Queen wanted with Nucleus.

Onr bees are shipped in Ueht shipping-cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

OcONOMOwoc, Wis., Aug. 1, 1903.
I like your queens. The best of any that I
ever had. Respectfully yours,

Frank D. Gunderson.

Litchfield, III., Aug. 3, 1903.
Dear Sir : —Enclosed please find money order
for $1.50 for which send nae two untested honey-
queens. The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right. There are no better.

Respectfully yours,

GUS PiCAMAN.

Notice. — No tested stock sent out before
May IS. Send money by P. O. Money Order or
Express Order. D. J. BLOCHER,

17Atf PEARL CITY, ILL.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

eel lho*i wno work for Q.. C^w keepera ajway.
money. We start yoQ In buslneBB. Yoa maki
i protita. Eaay work. We foroish capital. Send
•ats fot full line of Bampiesand partlculare.

DRAPES PUBLISHINQ CO., Cblcato, IIIk.

X ^ r J t Your address on a postal

W/ anif^fl for a little book on

^^ CHIIV^VI qdeen-Rkaring-SENT
FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address, HENRY ALLEY.

35Atf WENHAM, MASS.

in

, .:■- r-T-T-r-r-

-p-T—r-

n

n

P

i

1

S

m

Uh

=

^

=

For Unruly Stock

no fence equals The PAGE. It's so much etroneer.
PACK WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal -when vntliig.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder witli cloth
bacli for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bat 60 cents; ;or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no farther binding is neces-

'"'■ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILI,.

■5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

li present you with the first t5yoa
take in to start you in a good paying buei-
ness. Send 10 cente for full line of sumples
and directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. ChIca?D. Ills.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

then. A mixture of 50 percent of paralHce
gave only 4.5 at the end, and a mixture of 75
percent unly tiS. (From Le Rucher Beige.) —
Adkhn (iETAZ, in American Bee-Keeper.

Bee-Stlngs for Rheumatism.

Dr. Perc, of Marburg, addressed a brilliant
gathering of physicians the other day on the
healing properties of tiee-slings in cases of
rheumatism of the joints and muscles. The
professor pointed out that it has been itnown
from time immemorial as a cure among the
poorer classes of people who have no faith in
medical science. He has tested it thoroughly
and proved its efficiency in ,500 cases.

If a patient is suffering with rheumatism
the stung part does not swell at lirst, nor un-
til the bee-poison is frequently introduced.
Then the rheumatic pain gradually vanishes.
Dr. Perc allows his patients to be stung at
first by a few bees, and then gradually in-
creases in numbers. In one sitting he allows
70 bees to sting the patient. He describes the
case of a woman who sulTered excruciating
tortures from rheumatism. In the course of
her cure she was stung 6,952 times, and this
resulted in a complete cure. — Exchange, Ber-
lin, May 24.

Pervention of Swarming.

An ordinary bee-keeper that has been in
the business for a number of years will tell
you that when a colony gets to a certain
strength, that is, after the white clover has
been in blossom some 13 or 14 days, every
colony that was in good condition will have
one super half to three-fourths full. But
now comes the critical condition. After said
super is nearly full, the colony will begin to
loaf for a week before it swarms, and this
same week is lost if we wait for a natural
swarm; henceforth be wise and transfer when
the super is half full.

Some apiarists will tell you that every col-
ony will act different from others. Nonsense.
The bees must be controlled and made to do
that which you wish, « la Aikin. Providing
you have bees, and there is any nectar in the
field, " shook " swarms will work with the
same vim as the natural swarm, and doubling
that of a loafing old colony with a lot of
worthless brood after the flow is over.

My method is as follows : The colonies are
grouped in pairs to begin with in the]lspring.
Colonies No. 1 and No. 2 stand side by side.
Spread them about IS inches, and place a bot-
tom-board with a Heddon half-super or hive
betweem the two hives, and place in it seven
shallow frames with one-half inch starters.

Now go to colony No. 1 and pry off the
super, but do not take the cover off the super.
Use very little smoke; next find the queen
and place her with the frame of brood she is
on, in the newly formed hive, with three of
the empty frames on one side and four on the
other. Now take from the same colony two
more frames that contain no brood and place
one on each side of the empty frames, and the
brood-chamber is complete. Place an empty
super, containing only starters in the sections,
on this newly formed colony. Take the
cover off the other super and place the super
on the empty super, and the super from col-
ony No. "J on top of these two supers. Now
cover the luewly formed hive with a thin
board with a ''s inch rim to make it look like
an escape-board, a la Porter. Cut an entrance

558

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

in this escape-board by cutting two inches out
of the rim in the front end. Now bore an
inch hole through the board, one inch from
the two-inch rim entrance.

Kill the queen from colony No. 2 and set
the colony on this board, bottom-board re-
moved, and also the body with the brood and
bees from colony No. 1 on top of this, cover
up and you are finished. You will now have
shot-tower hives, n In France. Work is now
going on in the supers in double time; hip,
hip, and the colony is gaining in strength
daily.

Fifteen days later, in transferring, the two
brood-stories should be taken off and placed
beside the parent colony. Eight days later
reduce down to 20 frames, give them a strip
of eggs, (( la Alley, and you will have a num-
ber of queens 25 percent superior to those
reared under the swarming impulse.

Two weeks after the eggs are given, kill the
queen in the old colony, give half of the
brood to the parent colony that has the cap-
ped cells, and, at the same time give the old
colony two cells from this parent colony, pro-
tected, nfa West. You will now have your
whole apiary requeened, which is very essen-
tial in the " shook " swarm system. — Geo.
RocKENBACH, in Progressive Bee-Keeper.

The Canadian Honey Harvest.

The white honey harvest is well-nigh over,
and so far as we have been able to ascertain
the crop will be a good average. Quebec and
Eastern Ontario suffered for lack of rain in
the early part of the season, and, as a result,
only a light crop has been secured. Western
and Southern Ontario have had a good yield
from clover. Basswood is doing fairly well
at this date of writing, although the unsettled
weather is rather against the bees working on
it to the best advantage. We have not yet
heard from the Western and Maritime Prov-
inces. The quality of the honey this season
is excellent, both in color and body. Many
have mentioned the fact of the thickness,
making it unusually difficult to extract.

Some have feared a lowering of prices, but
we see no necessity for this if an effort is
made on the part of the larger producers to
distribute the product. Some have already
sold at figures bordering on last year's prices.
The general advance in other things should
certainly have an influence in at least main-
taining prices. Local markets are usually
crowded by small producers at this season,
and the tendency is depressing. It is gener-
ally better to hold a little later. — Canadian
Bee .Journal.

Excessive Swarming in Colorado.

It seems that excessive swarming this year
is not confined to a very small area. In Illi-
nois it is perhaps worse than in any previous
year, and this is what is said about it in Col-
orado, by the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal:

"Usually bees do not swarm much in Col-
orado, normally casting not to exceed 40 per-
cent of prime swarms, with a still smaller per-
centage of after-swarms. This year, however,
has pulverized all previous records. Swarm-
ing began about May 20, and did not cease
until after .July 15. And just about every-
thing swarmed. One subscriber, in renewing,
facetiously remarked that, in his locality,
' even the drones swarmed. ' This is the tenor

Lono Tonflues VaiuaDie

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, ino2.

J. P. MooKE.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write jou
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and See if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying- to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, 1 have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they gel
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, J4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, Jl.OO each; six, $5.00; dozen, $'i.uO.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal -when •WTitlng

$300,000,000.00 kUkfi

' and you maj have part of It if you worli
for U8. Unole Sam's poultry product pays
that sum. Send 10c for aampies and partic
ulars. We furnish capital to start yoii in

' buBiness. Draper Pabll8blagCo..Cb]caKo,lU

fiease mention Bee Journal -when wiitinp:

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

2SAt( T. F. BINQHAJW. Farwell. Mich.

Please mention Bee Journal when writing.

Italian Quec^ns,

Bec^s and Nuel&i.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen . 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queeo) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeu., sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 204 E. IiOgan St., CLARINDA, iOWA.
Hease mention Bee Journal when -writinfi;

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
fHrulsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

5B> 10ft 250) SOm
Sweet Clover (white).... $ .75 $1.40 J3.2S f6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

Prices snbject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A OO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, ■ CHICAGO, 11,1,.

of reports we are receiving from nearly all
localities of the Slate.

" This season was a peculiar one. The flow
Ijegau slow and drizzling — just strong enough
to maintain active brood-rearing, but not
strong enough to settle the colonies down to
gathering and storing in the supers. There-
suit has been a very large increase of bees
throughout the State. The heavy winter loss
is recovered, and we believe it no exaggera-
tion to say that there are more colonies of
bees in Colorado to-day than ever before in
her history."

Across the Mediterranean.

A bee-keeper of Italy migrated with his
300 colonies across the Mediterranean Sea to
Tunis, but failed to maKe a success ot bee-
keeping and producing honey. He succeeded,
however, in selling out to the French Bee-
Keepers' Association there and came home a
richer man. — American Bee-Keeper.

Germany and Bee-Keeping.

The German government is looking into the
matter ot bee-keeping and adulteration of
honey at the present time. A government
experiment station with 10 colonies of bees
has been established near Berlin, and a bulle-
tin has been issued ot late, treating princi-
pally upon the adulteration of honey; it also
tells of the number of colonies kept in Ger-
many, etc. It appears there were kept in
1900, 3,605,350 colonies. Ot these 1,151,771
were in frame hives and yielded 16,171,200
pounds ot honey ; the others — box-hivee,
straw-skeps, etc. — gave a yield of 13,729,000
pounds. The frame-hive colonies yielded
three pounds to two of the others. — American
Bee-Keeper.

Packages for Bulk Comb honey.

The packages used in putting up this article
are now most largely 3, 0, and 12 pound tin
friction-top pails, thai are put up in crates
holding 10 of the 12-pound cans, 10 of the 6-
pound cans, and 20 of the 3-pound cans.
There is also some demand for bulk comb in
60-pound cans, two in a case, the cans having-
8-inch screw-tops. These are sometimes or-
dered where the buyer desires to put the
honey into glass packages for a fancy trade. —
H. H. IItde, in Progressive Bee-Keeper.

Brushed Swarms.

So much has been written in regard to
brushed swarms, I determined to try the pro-
cess without combs and use frames with
starters or full sheets of wired foundation,
and add a Doolittle feeder with three pounds
of extracted honey. I place an empty hive in
rear ot a strong colony, removing the combs
one by one, and brushing all the bees from-
them back into the old hive, and place the
combs in the empty hive. Then remove the
hives with brushed bees and feeder to another
stand, and place the hive with combs of
honey and brood in place of the old hive just
removed. The returning bees with capped
brood soon hatch out another queen, and the-
feeding ot extracted honey enables the bees
to build up combs rapidly and prevents a dis-
position to abscond. It would be a great ad-
vantage to introduce a young queen if you
have one, but I am experimenting without. 1
have tried the plan on quite a number, and so-

Aug. 27, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

55)

BEE=BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

]44 A 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This bools coutain.s 3iS pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called *'A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new t)ne, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Frice, §1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and seientitic. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Liangstroth on theHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, §1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by ti. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, ?1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 oents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, T5 cents ; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called " Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, -^l.OU.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience
Price, aO cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

far have succeeded, and no absconding has
occurred.— Du. <>. M. Blanton, in Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper.

Close Saturdays a 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with .luly 1, for three months we
will close our olUee and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the ideal
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

QUEENS.

The best of Queens from
the best strains of 3 and 5
banded bees. I make a
specialty of Oueen-Reariog".
I have 700 Nliclei, and send
Queens

By Return Hail

Test d, $1 00 each.

Breeders, fS.CO each.

You cannot get better bees
at any price. This is a Postal Money Order
office. DANIEL WURTH,

Karnes City. Karnes Co. Texas.

35A1'. Mention Bee Journal when ordering-.

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point andneedleof the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold suflBcient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni-
form ividllt at all times
they are unequaled ior
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifoldino Pen on
the Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the '• Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with S2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

'^Z°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

)

Chicago, Aug- 7.— Consignments of the new
crop are coming' to commission houses that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is not any consumptive demand they are fiad-
iag- difliculty in disposing of it. Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices, as some merchants ask 10 cents for
honey that others hold at 15 cents. The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R, A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, July 28— Some new comb honey
in market, but on arcount of hot weather the
demand is not heavy, but will be getting better
every day. Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per
case, $3.50; No. 1, white and amber, 24 sections,
per case, $3 25; No. 2, white and amber, 24 sec-
tions, per case, $3.00. Extracted, white, per
pound, 6C(i'6i^c; amber, 5Kc. Beeswax, good de-
mand, 25(^'30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N. Y., July 18 —We are receiving
some shipments of new comb honey, mostly
from the South; the demand light as yet; we
are holding at lS@16c. Extracted slow at 6@7c.
The crop of honey in this vicinity is very light,
and we shall have to depend upon other sec-
tions more than ever for our supplv of honey.
Beeswax, 30(g.32c. H. R.' Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5J^@6'^c,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 7jp)S'^c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16^16^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, July 8. — Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12^<iil3c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
S@SMc for light amber, S^@6!^c for white, and
the common Southern at fiom 50@55c per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 33@3lc.

HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati, Aug. 8.— New honey is now of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted. The
demand for honey is about as usual at this
time of jhe season. I made sales at the follow-
ing figures: Amber, S@5Kc; water-white al-
falfa, 6Mc; fancy white clover honey. l@l%c.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14@lSc. Beeswax, 27@3oc. C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, July 22.— White comb honey,
1154@134c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
SM@S c; light amber, 43'i ^5c; amber, 4Ji@4Kc;
dark. 3%@4^c. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27J4@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much Ughterthan was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhapr; the only deilers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Tbos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Alf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no'drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146—48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and E.xtracted
HONEY— also Bee»wa.\ Spot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Inb
Please mention Bee Jovimal 'vrben writing

560

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 27, 1903.

AAAA A A,

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us you
tvi31 niot be di!«a,ppointe«l.
^Ve are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerkish, Eppiag, N.H,, carries
a full line of our goods at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

Please mentloii Bee Journal when wntm&,

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
]toT a year at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aEOROB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lauds in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HANSON, G. P. ft., Chicago.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

lAEISE

DOOLITTLE...

is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from his choice honey-
gathering stock, by re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:

1 Untested Queen . .$1.00
3 Untested Queens.. ZZ5

1 Tested Queen 1.25

3 Tested Queens.... 3.00
1 select tested queen 1.50
3 " " Queens 4.00
Extraselected breed-
ing, the very best.. 5.00

Circular free, giving particulars regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc. Address,

Q. M. DOOLITTLE,

29Dtf Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal -wlieii ■wxitlas

tia,j^iAJAjAja,jAjAjiijiija,ja,jiS,ja,jiije,jAJiiije,^^

'vt^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^uR^-TpifeMNels^X'SAaoiNa'''

No L05S. PATENT WEBD-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.

^A/h^7 Hrkf^e it Cf^ll an wpH ? Becattse it has always ^iven better satis-
Vy liy UUCA IL »CII »U WCII r faction than any other. Because In as ye.rs
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDlies

OF ALL
KINDS «*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the HonGy-Bee; — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, *

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill L

please mention Bee Journal

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, wis .July is, 1903.
The a. I, Root Co., Medina. Ohio.

Dear Sirs;— I thougbt I would write
you a few lines in regard to the Red
iMover Queen 1 (jot from you. They
haven't ewarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.

Just think. 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
I8ih. It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.

1 don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they cathered it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.

1 use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.

C. E. Kellogo.

C. E. Kellogq. Spring Bluff, Wis.

Dear Sir -We have yours of July 18th
and would lie glaa to have you advise us
hy return mail with reference to the
rapping of the honey. Some parties say
pping from these bees is not

white, and \
adv

ho

uld be glad to have you
■ I this re-

HPRING BLrPF, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
THE A. I. Root Co.. Medina. Ohio.

DearSirs:— Yours of July 24lh at hand
to-day. In regard to your question in
reference to the cappingsof the honey
from these bees I will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
till two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. I would like very
much to have vou see a few of those sec-
tions, and I will be glad to send you a
few.

Now. I haven't told you ALL their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to hand le I
have. I could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.
There are u few traits about them that
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-ga*hering; they don't seem ^o want to

I will write you a^ain in a few weehs and let you know if they fill the 144 sec*
they will. Respectfully,

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are again
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Bee Journal

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 3, 1903.

No. 36.

, \ I WEEKLY

®.J*.J*,J*>J*Jt.JslJ*,J*.*lJ4J*J*J*,J*J*V4,Jst.J4>J*®

7

■a\

1

W

^"^L

ll^^iSli^^^lllB!^^

.f^

562

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, iyil3.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E.Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR.

DEPT. EDITORS,

I)K.C.C.MlI,LER, E.E.Hasty, Emi

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association:

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President -W. Z. Hr
Vice-President— J. U

;niNSON, Flint, Mich.

Secretary — George W. York,

144 Ji 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Frieud, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson-, Flint, Mich.

Udo ToEi'PERWEiN, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Ei.wooD, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hamb.augh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Jt^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the oflice of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
orcuy thing lor a beekeeper or tioneyseller to
*^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to beekeepers. It has
a pin on the underside to
fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

Ready for Immediate Deiivery>

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, S3. 50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters, at these prices :

One Nucleus for $4.50 ; or 5 at $4.00 each.

With a good fall honey-flow these Nuclei can easily be
built up into good, strong colonies for wintering.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little '^ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is fl.OO, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

^STABt,s^^

J^BBlCi^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 3, 1903,

No. 36.

Editorial Comments

The liOs Angeles Convention is now history. It was a
large meeting of large bee-keepers. There were more colonies of bees
represented, and more pounds of honey, than in any National conven-
tion of bee-keepers ever held before in this country. The following
were elected as officers for 190-4 :

President — .Tames U. Harris, of Colorado.
Vice-President— C. P. Dadant, of Illinois.
Secretary — Geo. W. Brodbeck, of California.

We expect to begin the publication of the report of the proceed-
ings in full next week, and from time to time we will alstf give some
notes and comments on the trip and the convention.

Ho«- to Write Questions. — An editorial in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture gives rise to the suspicion that the urbane and usually patient
editor of that paper has had his patience somewhat tried by the sort
of letters he gets containing questions. He says in part:

" Now, I have something to do besides answering letters; but I
am perfectly willing to respond to all inquiries. But our friends will
save me a great deal of time if they will make their questions brief,
write on only one siilf of the sheet, and number the pages. Long let-
ters are apt to be delayed, and perhaps never answered. It takes lime
and brains to dig a question or two out of a long, rambling letter. Get
down to the meat of your inquiry at once, leaving out all unimpor-
tant details."

Among the many letters sent in for " Dr. Miller's Answers,'' some
are models of neatness and clearness, but some of them would hardly
be placed in that category. It is well always to give in connection
with the questions any information or explanations to give a clear
understanding of the case ; other matter should hardly be mixed up
with the questions, but given in a separate part of the letter. Besides
having pages numbered, as suggested in the clipping, it is a great help
to have the questions numbered. The reasons for writing only on one
side of the sheet are more than one, hardly necessary to be given here,
but it you want to be good you'll not write on both sides.

It is a real pleasure to receive some letters containing questions,
which show at a glance just where each question begins and ends, and
require no great amount of study to tell just what the questions are
about.

"A Colony that Never Thinks of Swarming ;" A Con-
fession.— Under this caption appears the following editorial in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture:

Some little time ago Dr. Miller and I had a little tilt over the first
part of this subject. I was taking the ground that the new shaken-
swarm plan was going to do away with many of our difficulties.
While Dr. Miller admitted that shaking was efteelive, and could be
made very useful, yet he still expressed a hope that we might some
day breed a race of bees that would go on storing honey without
swarming, the same as poultry-men have bred several varieties of
hens that are non-sitters. I argued that the gain would be only
trifling, because a colony could be shaken at the convenience of the
apiarist, and thus all desire to swarm be taken away fronn them in
advance. Well, now, for that confession. The events of the last few
days have completely converted me to Dr. .Miller's view of the matter.
While I still have as much faith in the shaken method as I ever had,
and while not one of the swarms we shook this season has essayed to

go out again, yet a colony that will xtaij on its brood-combs in its old
brood-nest, and allow all its brood to hatch, is to be preferred because
of the saving in the labor.

At the Harrington yard we shook perhaps a third of our colonies—
perhaps the strongest ones. The remainder we left just as they were.
When the honey-tlow came on it was apparent that the shaking had
set them back a little. They had, temporarily, at least, been deprived
of their brood, and it takes a day or so right in the honey-flow for the
bees to recover themselves again to begin work. Then the brood,
after it hatches, requires to be shaken again at the old entrance; and
this causes another interruption, and possibly the loss of a queen. If
the brood is not shaken back with the swarm after it hatches, then
the shaken swarm will, before the season is entirely over, begin to
feel the need of the young blood that would recuperate their fast-
waning strength when it is most (if ever) needed in the whole season.
But Dr. Miller's ideal colony that mrrr thinks of swarming will at
least keep right on working— keep allot its brood, save all the fuss
and bother of shaking frames with starters in, the building of drone-
comb, and with all its reserve strength will go on magnirtcently pro-
ducing honey. But the never-think swarm I think is still largely a
will-o'-the-wisp, and so we will have to content ourselves with shaking
for the time being, and occasionally shinning up trees to bring back
runaway swarms.

The question whether it is worth while to work toward a non-
swarming strain of bees is one that will receive different answers from
different persons. Some will say that the results with shaken swarms
are so satisfactory that nothing further need be desired. There has.
been, however, testimony to the effect that in some cases shaker*
swarms have not had all the swarming mischief shaken out of them.
Even if entire reliance could be placed in the shaking as a sure cure
against any further attempt to swarm, according to the observation of
Editor Root and perhaps others, ■' a colony that never thinks of
swarming" will give at least a little better result than if interrupted
by shaking.

There is no question as to the fact that there is a notable differ-
ence in different strains of bees as to the matter of swarming. Some
are so given to swarming as to impair their value greatly, while here
and there are reported cases where there is little or no swarming. A
man who has bees that are greatly given to swarming will gain to in-
troduce queens of stock noted for little swarming. If now he breeds
persistently from those colonies that show the least inclination to
swarm, will not swarming in that apiary become a constantly dimin-
ishing factor? He may never reach absolute non-swarming, but he
may approximate it; and approximation is worth something.

What Kills a Queen in a Ball? — A difference of opinion
prevails."" Some think the queen is stung to death, others that she is
starved to death, others that she is sutt'ocated. Proof that stinging
is the mode of execution is offered by the fact that the sting has been
in more than one case actually found in her body. To this it is re-
plied that these are exceptional cases brought about by the interfer-
ence of the bee-keeper. If the effort be made to disengage the queen
from the ball by pulling the ball apart, she will most likely be stung.
If //(/( smoke be blown upon the ball, she will be stung. No one, how- '
ever, has reported flnding a queen stung in a ball when the smoker
has been held from the ball at such a distance that no heat could be
felt from it, the stream of cool, dense smolce being played continu-
ously upon the bees until no longer endurable, when the bees of their
own accord would separate from the queen. Neither has anyone
reported finding a queen stung in a ball if the ball is thrown into a
dish of water. The water seems to dampen the heated fury of the
bailers, and it is every fellow for himself (or herself) to escape a
watery grave, leaving the queen, like the rest, struggling to escape.
That does not prove, however, that the bees never sting a queen in a

564

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

ball. An argument of some weight is the fact that if a strange bee
enters a hive, and the bees are left to their own devices, the queen
will be found hours later still alive in the ball. If stinging is the
mode of execution, the bees could sting just as well first as last, and
why such delay?

There is considerable to enforce the belief that death is caused by
starvation. In the case of a laying queen, the great burden of eggs
produced requires an immense amount of nourishment, and it is well
l<nown that such a queen is being constantly fed by the workers.
Being deprived of all food in the ball, small wonder that she should
succumb within a few hours.

That suffocation cauises death does not seem very probable. It is
not likely that the bees can be so densely packed in a ball as to prevent
the entrance of all air. There will still be plenty of spaces to allow
its entrance. Moreover, if the queen should be suffocated, would not
the bees in immediate contact with her be also suffocated?

Until some one finds a dead queen in the midst of a ball with a
sting in her body, the queen being already dead when the ball is first
meddled with by the bee-keeper, it seems that the advocates of the
starvation theory have the best of the argument.

Artificial Cell-Cups.— A correspondent of the British Bee
•Journal having had difliculty in getting the bees to accept larvw in
artificial cell-cups, sent a sample of the same to the editor, trying to
find what the trouble was. The editor replies :

We rather think the fault lies in yjur "cell-cups," judging by
samples sent. These are all right, and nicely made at the lower or
open end of the " cup," and also with regard to size and capacity of
same, but the base of the cup has a little pit or well — so to speak —
formed by the flat point of the stick or " dipper," which is altogether
unsuitable in shape for the proper development of the queen-larva,
and, as such, is probably rejected by the bees. Had the base of the cell
been simply concave in shape, so as to form a rounded base to the cell, it
would be far more likely to be accepted by the bees for queen-rearing.

In this country cell-cups are used of both kinds, but those of the
" little pit or well " are specially intended to have transferred into
them the larva in a little cup of the cocoon of its own cell. The comb
containing the larv;e is shaved down till a shallow cup of the cocoon
can be picked out, and this little cup, larva and all, is pressed down
with a special instrument into the ''well "of the artificial cell-cup.
The bees accept this very readily, for the larva is left in its natural
condition surrounded by the same food the bees gave it.

Whether these artificial cell-cups with the depression in the bot-
tom would work just as well with the larviv placed in ihem without
the cocoon has probably not been tried much. But should a cell-cup
with the little pit or well be altogether unsuitable in shape for the
proper development of the queen-larva? Thousands of good queens
have been developed in emergency-cells, and these have a pit of the
same diameter and a good deal deeper.

Honey as a Health=Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>ix6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free ; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

[ Convention Proceedings )

PFOceeding-s of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLI,, SEC.

(Continued from page 550.)
BOTTLING HONEY.

It is a well-known fact that when honey is bottled at a
tetnperature of 160° Fahr., or thereabouts, and sealed while
still at that temperature, it will remain liquid indefinitely.
It seems likely that the temperature at which granulation
can be prevented will vary with honey from different
sources. At the same time, too high a temperature when
bottling will impair the flavor of the honey. To determine
at what temperatures honey of different kinds could be bot-
tled to best advantage, experiments were begun in Febru-
ary, 1903. Eysenhardtia honey, procured from Louis H.
Scholl, of Comal Co., Tex., was bottled and sealed at the fol-
lowing temperatures : 150, 155, 158, 160, 163, 165, 168, 170, 173,
175, and 180 degrees. Six bottles of each temperature were
corked and sealed with sealing wax, the intention being to
open one bottle (each temperature) six months after bottling,
one in a year, one in two years, one in two and a half years,
and one in three years after bottling, and make comparisons
of the flavor and keeping qualities. A bottle of the honey,
corked but not sealed and without being heated, was also
preserved.

Within three months the unsealed honey was thoroughly
granulated. Up to June 1, none of the sealed honey had
granulated. On June 17, the first series of bottles were
opened and examined by Prof. Sanderson and Mr. Scholl,
and upon these Mr. Scholl reports :

"The honey bottled at 150 degrees had retained its
flavor, while the higher temperatures of heating had im-
paired the flavor. This was noticeable with only 5 to 8
degrees difi'erence in heating, and that bottled at 180 de-
grees was very strong, and scratched the throat badly."

In this lies the suggestion of future experiments with
honey of different kinds. Experiments could also be con-
ducted to ascertain the most economical methods and
mechanical arrangements for bottling, and the profit to be
derived from placing honey on the market in this form.
There is no doubt that honey in small, neat packages will
bring a higher price than in bulk. Whether or not the in-
creased price would be sufficient to make the increased work
profitable, remains to be clearly demonstrated.

WAX EXPERIMENTS.

A series of experiments were undertaken recently to
determine the proportion of wax in comb of different ages,
and the best methods of removing same. The intention
was to make the tests both accurate and extensive, but the
scheme was not entirely completed, and it is hoped that this
work will be continued to an exhaustive degree at the Ex-
perimental Apiary. The details of these experiments would
be somewhat cumbersome, and as they will be submitted for
publication elsewhere, only a summary of the results thus
far obtained will be given here.

Old brood-comb, the age of which was undoubtedly five
years or more, was analyzed and found to contain 36.3 per-
cent of wax, 17.3 percent of soluble (in condensing steam)
matter other than wax, and 46.4 percent of solids (insoluble).

Brood-comb two years old was found to contain 47.2 per-
cent of wax, 21.1 percent soluble matter, and 31.6 percent
solids. One-year-old brood-comb contained 57 8 percent
wax, 22.1 percent soluble matter, and 20 percent solids.
"Slum-gum" (refuse from solar wax-extractor) contained
24 percent wax, 40 percent soluble matter, and 36 percent
insoluble matter. New comb, built upon full sheets of thin
super foundation the present season, and which had never
contained brood, contained 88 percent wax, slightly over 11
percent solids, and less than 1 percent soluble matter.

In a test of the Root-German steam wax-press, this
machine, under full head of steam and careful operation,
removed from the old brood-comb (five years or more) So
percent oj the wax contained. From two-year-old brood-
comb the machine removed 89.5 percent, and from new comb

Sept. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

565

'AS percent of the wax contained therein. From slum-gum
the steam wax-press removed 76.5 of the wax therein.

The solar wax-extractor was tested with brood-comb
one year old and removed only 77 percent of the wax con-
tained. It is also worthy of note that even from very old
comb, bright yellow wax was secured by using the steam
wax-press, esecially if the melted wax as it comes from the
press be allowed to drip into cold water. The results of
these experiments, when tabulated, appear as follows :
TA.BLiE3 I.

DescripUon of
Comb.

1"

3

a CO
".■9

•3 S

^5

MCC2

o-o-

^a

Not de-
ter-
mined.
Not
det.

77

Not
det.

Not
det.

Not
det.

S a S S

5 year old brood-
comb.

36.3

47.2

57.8

24

88

Not
det.

17.3
21.1

22.1

40

Less
thanl
percent

Not
det.

46.4

31.6

20

36

11

Not
det.

80
89.5

Not
det.

76.5
98

Not
det.

Not
det.

2-year old brood-
comb

det.

l-yearold brood-
comb.

Slum-gum.

det.
Not
det.

New comb built
oa thin super
fnundatiou.

Not
det.

Cappings.

Not
det.

The above table indicates also what points remain to
be determined in order to make the series complete.

HIVK-COVERS.

Six different hive-covers were tested to determine their
resistance to heat, when placed in direct sunlight. As the
bees in any colony always attempt to maintain the normal
temperature within the hive, a comparison of covers, made
upon hives containing colonies, would not be accurate,
accordingly six empty supers, each having upon it a differ-
ent cover were exposed May 30 and June 1 to steady sun-
shine from 8 a.m. until 7 p.m. At no time during the day
were they disturbed, nor was any circulation of air allowed
inside of them. Each super contained a tested, self-regis-
tering thermometer which registered the highest tempera-
ture, that is, in direct sunlight ; a similar thermometer was
placed on top of one of the covers. The covers tested were
as follows :

Excelsior cover ; Excelsior cover with shade-board made
of one-inch pine, 24x30 inches, raised 3 inches above cover
by means of cleats, thus allowing a free circulation of air
between cover and shade-board; Ventilated gable-cover;
Double, paper-covered, with dead-air space between two por-
tions of cover, designated as " flat cover." " Hill " cypress
cover, made of a solid one-inch cypress board, with heavy
end-cleats. " Lewis " cover, made of '+ inch pine, covered
with tin, and allowing a contained space of about 2 inches
above top-bars.

All the above were covered with two coats of white
paint. The highest temperatures attained under these
covers are given below :

TABIjE II.

Cover.

Ventilated gable.

Doable cover dead.air
spaced.

" Hill " Cypress.

Date.

metal covered.

Ventilated gable.

Double cover dead air
spaced.

"Hill" cypress.
'"Lew's" metal. covered.

May 30
May 30
May 30
May 30
May 30
May 30
June 1
June 1
June 1
June 1
June 1
June 1

Temperature .^^i^eruTder

I Sun

102° F.

102"= F.

102° F.

102° F.

102° F.

102° F.
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103.5
103 5

93.8 F.

93.4

93.5

94.5

97

94.2

93.8

92

92.5

94

96.9

93.5

For the two days it will be seen that the temperature
under each cover, averaged as follows : Excelsior with
shade-board, 92.7 degrees; Ventilated gable cover, 93 de-
grees; Excelsior, 93.8 degrees; "Lewis" metal-covered,
93.85 degrees; flat (dead-air) cover, 94.25 degrees; "Hill"
cypress, 96.95 degrees.

It is regretted that warmer weather was not immediately
at hand for a more crucial test, and it is hoped the experi-
ment will be repeated during the hottest weather.

NORMAL TBMPERATURB OF BROOD CHAMBER.

In order to determine the normal temperature of the
brood-nest, for comparison with above results, a self-regis-
tering thermometer was placed in a 5-frame nucleus and left
24 hours. Another was placed in a full colony {crowded
with bees forced down from the super into the brood-nest
for the purpose) and left the same length of time. Both
nucleus and full colony were protected from the sun. The
maximum temperature attained in the nucleus during the
24 hours was 94 degrees, and the maximum in the crowded
colony was 94.5 degrees. We conclude, therefore, that the
normal temperature is between 94 and 94.5 degrees. Any
cover that in the hottest weather will not allow an inside
(of an empty hive) temperature of more than 94 degrees
may be considered a safe cover. Any cover allowing a
higher temperature than this, even if no more than one
degree, is detrimental. It is much easier and more econo-
mical for the bees to raise the hive temperature to their
normal of 94 degrees by heat production than it is for them
to /ozt/^r the temperature to 94 or 94.5 degrees by ventilation.

Any tight wooden cover, substantially made, with a
good shade-board above it, is a better protection from heat
than complicated or high-priced covers involving "new
principles." We do not sanction such, as the latter for
shade-boards are cheaply and easily made (where it is neces-
sary to place colonies in the sun) ; and the ordinary cover
and shade-board together usually cost less than the " spe-
cial " covers designed for protection from the sun.

FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS.

Perhaps no industry can show more rapid progress and
development within the past 30 years than apiculture. In-
deed, present methods, making possible the profitable pro-
duction of honey on an extensive scale, are the develop-
ments of recent years. The bee-keeping industry is pecu-
liar in that the greater part of its development has been due
to private enterprise and experimentation, rather than to
scientific study by government experts or others employed
especially for that purpose. The bee-keeper has received
practically no assistance, aside from some very creditable
work done by the United States Department of Agriculture,
and a few insignificant spurts by several Experiment Sta-
tions. Several of the latter have started off in apicultural
work with promise of attaining good results, but the
majority of them have allowed the work to lapse— either
from lack of funds or disinclination, or both— before they
had really gathered together sufficient equipment for real
investigation. .

I think I stand without fear of contradiction when 1 say
that to-day Texas has the best equipped experimental api-
ary in North America. The A. c^ M. College promises very
liberal and material support for the future, and the manage-
ment of this apiary is in most careful and competent hands.
We are justified, therefore, in expecting most definite and
profitable results in the future from our Experimental Api-
ary.

The problems which present themselves for investiga-
tion are both numerous and varied. I will not occupy more
space than is necessary to call your attention to some of
the more important ones.

Races —Prof. Frank Benton, of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, has made a careful study of the
traits, characteristics and advantages of the principal races.
His published works are familiar to all of you. However,
much remains to be done along this line. It does not nec-
essarily follow that a race adapted to Northern or Eastern
States will be found well adapted to Texas conditions, arid
it is not likely, either, that a race giving the best results in
one portion of Texas will prove the race best adapted to all
portions of that State. There is a large field for experi-
mental work in hybridizing these races and testing the
crosses thvts secured.

Taking the five races, Italian (for the present purpose
the .3-banded Italians, Golden and Imported— or " leather
—Italians are considered as one race), Cyprian, Holy Land,
Carniolan. and German (black), we have, by combinations,
the following 10 possible crosses :n Italian-Cyprian, Italian-

566

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

Holy Land, Italian-Carniolan, Italian-German, Cyprian-
Holy Land, Cvprian-Carniolan, Cyprian-German, Holy Land-
Carniolan, Holy Land-German, and Carniolan-German.
However, in many forms of animal life the female is known
to transmit to the offspring certain prominent characters
or characteristics, and the male certain other characters.
This is notably the case in the breeding- of fancy poultry.
The same principle is recognized by many bee-keepers in
producing crosses between the races. If this be true — and
we have no evidence that it does not hold true — each of the
above crosses, or hybrids, is capable of producing two
strains, in all probability distinct (more or less) from each
other. As an illustration, the Italian-Cyprian cross could
be produced in two ways : First, by mating Italian queens
with Cyprian drones; and, secondly, by mating Cyprian
queens to Italian drones. The same holds true of each of
the above 10 crosses, making possible 20 strains.

But if it be true that queens transmit certain character-
istics and drones certain other characteristics to the suc-
ceeding generation, then the above-mentioned 10 crosses are
not true hybrids. A true hybrid could only be produced by
the following procedure, taking the Italian and Cyprian
races as an illustration : An Italian queen mated to a
Cyprian drone will give a resultant strain, which, for con-
venience, we will designate as Italian-Cyprian. A Cyprian
queen mated to an Italian drone will result in a strain which
we will designate as Cyprian-Italian. If now an " Italian-
Cyprian " queen be mated to a " Cyprian-Italian " drone
(or vice versa), the resulting strain will be a true hybrid,
possessing the "drone characteristics " and " queen char-
acteristics " of both races. This gives us 10 more possible
strains, or a total of 30 strains theoretically possible, from
the five principal races. It is, of course, true, that owing
to the close similarity to each other, of certain of the five
races, many of the above-mentioned strains might be prac-
tically identical with each other. Theories are not always
borne out in actual practice, however, and the above will
give an indication of the possibilities along this line.

Queen-Mating. — Closely connected with the above is
the problem of successfully controlling the mating of
•queens to such drones as may be desired. The Manum
giant mating-cage, and the use of the glass carboy, have
come very near to a solution of the problem, but its ultimate
solution will come, as will also a means of mating queens
more rapidly than by the use of nucleus-boxes.

Honey-Plants.— These were mentioned in some detail
at the beginning of this report, and it is here sufficient to
reiterate that many promising foreign and American plants
remain to be tested, and the regions of Mexico, New Mexico,
Arizona, and even parts of Texas, may possibly yield native
honey-plants worthy of cultivation.

Honey-Vinegar. — It seems probable that the cheaper
and darker grades of honey produced in several Texas
localities, and which now rarely net the producer more than
3>'2 to 4 cents per pound, could be converted into a high-
grade vinegar at a considerable profit, and this with but a
small amount of labor. There is room for profitable devel-
opment along this line.

The ideal bee-hive has not yet been constructed, but a
careful study of conditions, and of the bees themselves,
together with careful experiments, should result in much
better equipment than is now used.

At every turn the experienced bee-keeper meets un-
solved problems and questions which he can not answer.
Most of these offer suggestion for experimental work, which
the individual can not take up owing to lack of funds and
time, but which can be considered at the Experimental Api-
ary.

It seems but pertinent, also, that we should call your
attention to the advisability of this Association taking
steps to disseminate among our farmers and fruit-growers
reliable information on up-to-date methods of bee-keeping.
Such measures could not but accrue to your individual
benefit and to the benefit of the State as a whole. Judici-
ally managed, such steps would rapidly increase the mem-
bership of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, would tend
to prevent the marketing (at low price) of " strained " and
" log-gum " honey, and would make possible an annual out-
put of honey at least four times as large as present crops,
and that without the least fear of " glutting " the market.

WiLMON Nkvvei.i<.

The convention tendered to Prof. Newell, who was
the former assistant in the Department of Entomology and
Apiarist in charge of the College Apiary, a vote of thanks
for the good work he has done while at the College, and

they regret that he could not remain at his place at the
apiary. The secretary of the Association was instructed
to inform Mr. Newell of this resolution.

It was also the sentiment of the convention, and the
bee-keepers at large, that they were well pleased to see the
position now filled by one of their own State, and one of
their own number, Louis H. Scholl, too well known to all
the bee-keeping fraternity to need extended introduction.
(To be continued.)

Contributed Articles

]

Education of Apiarian Writers— The Hive
Question— Wintering Excre-
ments of Bees.

BY F. GREINER.

OUR good and esteemed friend from Rhode Island — it is
needless to speak his name — has given us a great many
interesting articles in the bee-periodicals of late. I have
read them with both pleasure and profit, and would like to
have a little private talk with you, Mr. Editor, for the gentle-
man is becoming rather personal in his last article in the
June Review. He seems to carry the idea it would be serv-
ing the interest of the bee-keeping fraternity if we poor,
every-day bee-keepers were "choked off" from having
anything to say in the future, and that only the highly edu-
cated gentlemen and scientific bee-keepers be allowed to
utter their ideas in public. Will it work ?

It is without doubt a desirable adjunct for a writer on
any subject, apiculture included, to have a college educa-
tion, and to be " away up " in the sciences, and I wish that
I, and everybody else, could have had such a training ; but
there are probably many who do write, and have written,
good things without being educated ; it is quite evident that
a great many good things would not have been said had
these been shut out.

Our good friend, the Rhode Islander, claims the bee-
periodical readers have so long been fed on methods that
they have lost all taste for the whys and wherefores ; he
urges looking into the latter first, and when we fully under-
stand them then talk method. I would not dispute the
soundness of such advice, but unfortunately we do not all
come to the same conclusions after ascertaining the correct
whys and wherefores. In many cases our conclusions are
nothing more than opinions. I am afraid it is so to some
extent with our esteemed and scientific friend, Mr. Miller.

Let us see. He has come to the conclusion, after many
scientific investigations, that the Heddon hive is the best
hive, and meets the wants of bees and bee-keepers best of
any ; is the best compromise between bees and the keeper.
Other not less thorough and careful investigators come to
the conclusion that the many sticks and spaces, particularly
in the center of the hive, as in the tiered-up Heddon, are only
a hindrance to the bees and retard development. Mr. Reid-
enbach, editor of the PhaelzBienenzeitung, discussed this
matter at length in his paper. Dr. Dzierzon pronounces
his twin-hive (a bar-hive) as the best hive. Many others in
America, as well as elsewhere, are sure that better results
are obtained with an unbroken brood-chamber.

Mr. Miller holds that a chaff cushion has no warmth of
itself, which is correct. But a woolen blanket has no
warmth of its own, and yet it gives us lots of comfort in a
cold night. An inch board, even a two-inch plank, is not
nearly as effectual. His claim that bees are not drawn to a
chaff cushion any more than to an inch board is not valid,
if I can understand the language of the bees correctly.

methods of wintering bees.

" As to what is the best method of wintering," again our
opinions and experiences are at variance. Mr. Miller has
not a very high opinion of the chaff-hive. He gives us his
whys and wherefores, etc. His conclusion is that bees
need no porous material around them. It is true that a
strong colony with good queen and an abundance of good
stores will winter in any sort of a hive without the least
protection ; but as colonies run, good results in wintering
are not secured without a good deal of protection and fuss-

Sept. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

567

ing. For the first 10 years, when engaged in bee-keepitifj,
I used to lose heavily, often losing as high as SO percent.
Since adopting the chaff-hive for out-door vfintering my
losses have been small, and might have been lessened still
more by carefully looking after my bees. This is not say-
ing that by wintering in chaff I have struck the best
method, but that it is a safe way, giving uniformly good re-
sults. My strongest colonies are usually those which were
well packed. The paper-covered colonies have not quite
come up to them.

QUEEN-REARING — IKEDING QUEENS.

Mr. Miller has also investigated the matter of queen-
rearing. He undoubtedly rears fine queens, and he has con-
cluded that the Alley method is the best. In his whys and
wherefores I fail to find convincing proof that the course
he or Mr. Allej' pursues is any better, or nearer to Nature's
ways, trhan the course some others pursue. What can it
matter what kind of cells we use, if we accomplish the same
result, namely, have the young royal larv;e fed abundantly
from start to finish, etc.? Is it not a matter of opinion
rather than of superiority of method ? I think the time will
hardly ever come when a method will be found by which
Nature can be outdone in the matter of queen-rearing.

Speaking of a queen-bee being fed by workers, Mr.
Miller says : "When a queen is free to roam at will, she can
get such food as she needs." Isthis any more than opin-
ion ? Perhaps she is able to help herself to such food as
she wants, but does she? That is the point. It is true that
one may see a queen dip into cells of honey sometimes, but
this is not yet proof that she does help herself to all she
needs, though undoubtedly it is within her reach. Why is
it we so frequently notice the queen-bee, when at liberty in
her hive, being fed by the workers ?

EXCREMENTS OF BEES.

Mr. Miller also resurrects the old bone of contention.
Are the excrements of bees liquid or solid ? I guess he is
right, claiming authorities, to say that they are liquid. He,
himself, has come to conclusion that feces, when voided by
healthy bees, are dry. I doubt Mr. Miller means just what
he says. I don't believe a bee could void dry matter any more
than any other living being of the same or higher order.
Would thej' not suffer from constipation in a most intensi-
fied degree ? Caterpillars void, perhaps, as dry matter as
any living thing, as far as we ordinary mortals can ob-
serve. We find their excrements sometimes of beautiful
shape, apparently as being shaped under hydraulic pressure.
We might call them dry, although they contain some moist-
ure. But the feces of bees are not nearly as dry as these.
They are somewhat soft and pliable, although thread-like.
They do not break up, but naturally they soon become so dry
as to become hard, when they may be broken up in little
pellets.

Mr. Miller admits that the bees sometimes void watery
excrements, and he lays it to the taking of watery honey,
which is an opinion. There are probably other causes. For
example, y>7;j'/// will produce the same effect, not only in
bees, but also in other and more highly organized beings,
even humans. It would seem that during the honey season,
when conditions are as favorable for bees as they can well
be, they ought always to discharge their excrements in the
normal, healthy shape — dry — but they don't. Even at this
time we sometimes notice watery excrements.

!_. After bees have been confined a long time, as during
the winter, their intestines usually become loaded, and the
contents are frequently so watery as to be termed liquid.
This condition, according to Mr. Miller and some others on
this and the other side of the great pond, is pronounced a dis-
eased one. But I hold again that it is a matter of opinion.
For practical results the diseased condition really does not
begin until the bees, while their confinement lasts, become
unable to hold their excrements any longer, and discharge
them in this liquid form inside of the hive. Is it not a fact
that as soon as a colony can have a good, cleansing flight,
and get relief by voiding their excrements, although they
may be liquid, that colony may be termed healthy, and will
develop normally afterward, if conditions otherwise are
right ?

AI,I, HAVE HOBBIES— EXPERIMENTING.

It is not my intention to go over the list of all Mr. Miller
has said in the past. I only want to pick out a few things
to show that even as well-informed men as he have their
hobbies like others of us who are not so well educated. I
appreciate fully what he has said. He is deserving of credit
for trying to bring out the truth as it relates to the honey-
bee and its management.

I agree with Mr. Miller, it is not safe to rely implicitly
on text-books. We must go to the Bee and learn of her, and
not take everything for unmistakable fact we find printed.
It is my opinion that it is not only misleading, but really
wrong, to proclaim this or that theory as true when really
we have no proof. For example, " What reason have we to
say that the queen-bee lays eggs in the worker-cells which
she has knowingly fertilized with sperma from her sperma-
theca, and other eggs not so fertilized into the larger cells
commonly called drone-cells? " What we do know is this;
"Eggs found in worker-cells usually develop into work-
ers; eggs found in drone-cells usually develop into drones."
It has not been proven beyond contradiction that a queen-
bee lays arty non-fertilized eggs, and thai she does so at will
is nothing more than assertion. That it is proclaimed as
fact tends to hinder others from making further investiga-
tions. Is it so humiliating to admit that we don't know?
The thinking mind rebels against the very idea of parthe-
nogenesis. As such an eminent man as Prof. Leuckart has
said: " To say that an unfertilized egg produces life is
only admitting that we have no full conception of the
things; in short, that we don't know enough." Scientific
men have failed to find evidence that eggs taken from drone-
cells were fertilized. This is admitted.

Mr. Miller says : " Let us go to the bee and learn of
her." The American bee-keepers are leading the world in
practical bee-keeping; they will also turn their attention to
the scientific part of it and become a factor of importance
here, also. I suggest to our scientific friends who can de-
vote their time to matters of this kind, to make the follow-
ing experiment :

Select a late after-swarm and hive it on all drone comb.
Drone-comb foundation will not answer, as the bees will
not build drone-comb from it, as I have tested. After the
queen has become fertile, make frequent examinations, and
when a uniform stand of brood in all ages has been secured
— it will be worker-brood in drone-cells — remove the queen
and note what will happen ; particularly see whether any
drones are being reared. Try the same experiment a num-
ber of times ; also, early in the spring, say in March, before
the drones are being reared by the best of colonies. The ob-
ject is to prove whether or not drones are reared from what
is termed unfertilized or fertilized eggs.

A second experiment would be this : Obtain perfectly
fresh eggs from drone cells laid by a queen under normal
conditions. To accomplish this, I suggest taking a drone-
comb from an extracting super, one which has in part been
left free from honey, evidently for the purpose of having it
filled with eggs by the queen, but being hindered by the
queen-excluder has not been able to reach this part of the
hive. Such combs are frequently found, and are all ready
for the reception of eggs, and will be quickly occupied. In-
sert this comb in the middle of the brood-nest of a colony
desirous to rear drones. It may take but a few minutes be-
fore the queen will busy herself upon it. Remove the comb
as soon as a few eggs have been deposited, and before the
bees have had an opportunity to visit the cells containing
them.

If fortunate enough to obtain these untouched eggs,
cut out the pieces of comb and give to a hopelessly queen-
less colony having no brood of any kind, for the purpose of
rearing queens. The object of this experiment is to see
whether the so-called unfertilized eggs will produce a queen.
This experiment should be repeatedly made, as we may not
be successful in obtaining absolutely fresh eggs. It re-
quires a great deal more care in its execution than the other
experiment. It should be borne in mind that after an egg,
either in a queen-cell or drone-cell, has once been subjected
to incubation, it cannot be made over into anything else. A
worker-larva three days old may be built up into a queen ;
not so a queen-larva, if ever so young, could be made over
into a worker. Its destiny has been shaped from the mo-
ment the first worker-bee visiting it left the cell serving it
as its cradle.

By such and similar experiments some of the knotty
questions may be settled without having to depend upon
the microscope. It does not require a college education to
make these experiments, but if such men as Prof. Cook, for
instance, would make them, their conclusions would have
more weight with the fraternity. Ontario Co., N. Y.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Walletuneyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, tmt to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

568

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHl^AC.

Sept. 3, 1903.

I Our Bee-Hecpin$ Sisters ]

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Succeeded Beyond Expectation.

I think likely there is much in my experience as a bee-
keeper that might be encouraging- and helpful to other
women, but it takes time to write it, and I seem to have
little of it to spare, and especially at this season of the year.

I have over 200 colonies of bees in two yards, one at
home where the work is done by a young man who has
made his home here for several years, and the other located
3!4 miles north of us that I take care of myself, driving out
there early mornings and returning at evening. I find the
work interesting, profitable and pleasant.

My failures have been few, and my success far in ad-
vance of what I expected when I took up the work.

The basswood has no blossoms this year, but white
clover is plentiful, and yesterday I hauled home eight supers
of nice, white comb honey. Clara West Evans.

Allamakee Co., Iowa, June 30.

Kept Bees 8 Years— Honey-Cakes.

There are no bee-keepers around here, and I often wish
I had bee-keeping friends here so I could visit and talk
bees. I have not lived here quite two years, so I do not
know for certain whether it is a good locality for bees.
There are lots of dandelions, three kinds of clover, bass-
wood, fireweed, and any amount of blueberries and wild
flowers.

I have never had more than 50 colonies at one time ; I
have only 25 now. I sold some when I moved here.

My son and I work together. I think it is much nicer
work than housework. I do not mind the stings at all, just
a little pain, and I don't think any more about them. I
always work with bare hands. I have kept bees eight
years. Honey sells here for IS cents a pound, and there is
a good market at that price.

I enjoy reading the Sisters department very much ; it
is fine. I wish more would write for it. I will send a
recipe you can use, if you wish ; perhaps you have it now.

I want to tell you that I have " Forty Years Among the
Bees," and it is the finest book of the kind that I ever read ;
I never get tired reading it.

White clover is just coming into bloom, and I have had
but two swarms. It is raining all the time, and is likely to
continue for weeks to come. Mrs. L. A. Moshbr.

Crow Wing Co., Minn., June 8.

The following is the recipe referred to :

FINE HONEY-CAKES.

One quart of honey ; Yi pound white sugar ; '2 pound of
fresh butter ; 1 teaspoonful soda ; juice of 2 oranges. Warm
this enough to melt the butter, stir hard, adding 1 nutmeg.
Mix in 2 pounds of flour, mixing it hard enough to roll ; cut
out with the top of a tumbler. Bake well.

Hiving' Swarms from Tall Trees.

I take a great interest in the Sisters department in the
American Bee Journal, especially so on the subjects of hiv-
ing swarms on tall trees. I could not help smiling at the
different methods that were given, since you all seemed to
aim to get the bees to the ground, which is not the most
desirable. What we are after is to hive the swarm, i. e., to
get it in the hive so that it will stay there. Now, if you
wished to get two things together you would certainly not
try to take the heaviest to the lightest, you would take the
lightest and carry it to the heaviest.

Therefore, if we have a swarm on a tall tree and the
hive on the ground, we can get the hive to the swarm easier
than the swarm to the hive, which I do in the following
way :

I procure a stone, tie it to a light cord and throw it over
the limb on which the swarm is clustered. Now we have
the cord over the limb, by which we can draw a heavier

rope over the limb. Having gotten the rope over, I tie the
hive (which has a bottom-board with an entrance at each
end) to one end of the rope and pull on the other end, there-
by raising the hive up to the swarm. When the hive
reaches the swarm the bees will at once enter, and before
long they will all be hived, and the hive may be lowered.
The hive should be as light as possible. The two entrances
are used so as to be sure of getting one faced toward the
swarm.

I clip all my queens, but occasionally one gets super-
seded and swarms the same year.

I hope you will put this in the Bee Journal, as it will
help a good many, and may save some doctor bills, since it
is quite difl'erent when the hive falls and when the man
falls. I have gotten several stvarms for my neighbors in
that manner, who would not risk their lives for a swarm,
but they are "on to " the kink now.

Philadelphia Co., Pa. Louis J. Bergdoll.

A Letter from a German Sister.

An interesting letter comes from Mrs. Lizzie Schmitt,
a German woman who thinks she must write in German
because she can not write English correctly enough.
Neither she nor others need have any fear on that score.
Any inaccuracies of language are easily corrected. At our
house German print can be made out fairly well, but when
it comes to German writing it is like some people's washing,
it has to be sent out to be done.

Mrs. Schmitt has been keeping bees for some time, but
since taking the American Bee Journal her progress is more
satisfactory.

She had the misfortune to be visited by that dread
scourge, foul brood, but got rid of it in one season, which
speaks well for her activity. Last year, from 48 colonies,
she secured 2500 to 2700 pounds of honey, and in spite of
the unpropitious opening of the present season let us hope
that she will beat that record this year.

Her husband has become interested in the work, and it
is somewhat in contemplation to rent the farm and follow
bee-keeping exclusively.

She thinks it would be a good thing if more women
would embark in bee-keeping and add to the interest of this
department.

We shall look with interest for further reports from our
German sister.

(

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Queetions either to the office ot the Aicerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Annual Amount of Honey— Drone Characteristic-
Amount of Honey Gathered fiy a Worker-Bee.

1. What is the amount of honey produced in the United
States annually 7

2. What is the scientific name of the characteristic
which allows the drone to enter any hive in the apiary ?

3. What is the amount of honey a worker is supposed to
carry in during its life ? New Hampshire. -

Answers. — 1. I don't know. The government has
made some attempt in the matter, but its reports are known,
at least in some cases, to be very unreliable. I am sorry to
say that I do not now have at hand even the approximate
estimate that has been made. I refer the question to the
constituency at large, hoping that some one will help us
out.

2. I have never heard any scientific name for it, al-
though it is possible there may be one. In popular lan-
guage they are called " free commoners."

3. I don't know. It is easy to understand that it is a
very variable quantity. Estimating the average life of a
worker through the working season at (1 weeks, and allow-
ing it to commence field-work when 16 days old, we have
left only 2b days in which it is a gatherer. There may be a
dearth during the whole of that 26 days of such character

Sept. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

569

that it will gather almost nothing, and there may be a con-
tinuous flood of honey during the entire span of its life.

Although the question is of such character as not to
admit of an absolute answer, there is no law against mak-
ing some approximation at an estimate. Suppose a colony
to have 30 000 fielders at a time when the honey stored and
consumed during 26 days amounts to 60 pounds. Dividing
that amount among the 30,000 gives about a thirtieth of an
ounce for each. That is, it would be the life-work of 30
bees to gather an ounce of honey, and the gathering of a
pound section would wear out the lives of SCO bees. Taking
the whole season through, that is probably much above the
average, and in very exceptional yields it might be doubled
or trebled.

Spring Demand for Bees-Preventing Increase— Piping
of Queens.

1. Is there any demand for bees for shipment in the
spring ? I would advertise through the American Bee Jour-
nal at the proper time.

2. Please give one or more plans to prevent increase.
My practice has been to clip queens' wings, and. when they
swarm, remove the hive to one side and place an empty one
in its place, and when the swarm returns let the queen run
in with them ; then in eight days (or when I hear the young
queen piping) destroy all queen-cells.

3. Hosv would it do to hive them in a temporary hive,
then kill the old queen and immediately go through the
hive and destroy all queen-cells but one, then run the swarm
back to their original place ? Would they then be likely to
swarm again ?

4. At that stage the queen-cells have not progressed
very far. Would they be likely to start others from eggs or
larva; ?

5. Does a young queen always pipe before a swarm
issues ? Mrs. Tupper said she never knew a swarm to issue
that she did not hear the young queens piping. Iowa.

Answers — 1. There is usually demand, and sometimes
very great demand, for bees in spring.

2. If you don't care for the labor of hiving, here's a
plan that will leave you with absolutely no increase : Simply
return every swarm that issues. You might have to return
the swarm once or more before the dispatching of the old
queen, and then one or several times before the issuing of
the last queen from its cell. After that there would be no
more trouble. You can vary from that in a way that will
probably suit you better. When you find sealed cells, re-
move or kill the old queen, or else wait for the first swarm,
return it. and kill the old queen. Then wait till you hear
piping, and destroy all cells.

3. That would do, only it isn't always safe to depend
upon one cell. Sometimes a cell does not contain a good
queen. Better wait till the first young queen issues. You
may as well save the trouble of hiving in a temporary hive
by returning at once to the old hive.

4. Yes, but there would be no advantage in it.

5. You may safely count on the piping.

Feeding Bees— Rearing Queens— Queenless Bees.

1. On page 335, Edwin Bevins says that he feeds granu-
lated sugar and water with the pepper-box feeder. Will not
the food run too fast ? I cannot feed sugar and water with
the pepper-box on that account. How does he do it ?

2. When you wish the bees to replenish the brood-cham-
ber, how do you feed, and where do you place the food ?

3. Should you desire the bees to carry the food to the
supers, where do you place it ?

4. Should you have an extra brood-chamber on that you
wanted emptied so as to preserve the combs for next season,
how would you get the bees to empty them ?

5. What do the bees do with the honey they fill up on
when disturbed? and what do they do with it when they
rob ?

6. Are they not compelled to disgorge themselves before
they could or would go out foraging again 7

7. What is the appearance of brood sufficiently young to
give to a queenless colony to rear a queen from ? and what
is the limit of age ?

8. When you find little patches of brood deposited here
and there in the combs, what does it indicate?

9. Did you ever see a case where the combs had no
brood, but it was in the first super above the brood-chamber
(at the present date, July 23rd) ?

10. Why do bees allow queen-cells to remain on their
combs when they have already a laying queen 7 I refer to
unsealed cells, of course.

11. Will queenless bees continue to build queen-cells as
long as they are queenless, after you tear them away ? and
is that a sure sign they are queenless, together with having
no brood ?

12. Where a queenless colony is to be united with a col-
ony that has a queen, is there any danger of the queenless
bees killing the queen ? and where you see they are dis-
posed to unite peaceably, would they then respect the
queen ? Mississippi.

Answers. — 1. He may have smaller holes for the pass-
age of the liquid, or he may have a piece of cloth inside.

2. If feed is needed in the brood-chamber, you may
count on the bees putting it there in preference to any other
place, no matter how you feed nor where you place the food.
I use Miller feeders, placing the food on top. The crock-
and-plate plan is also good.

3. Please disabuse your mind entirely of all throught
that by different placings you can get the bees to carry the
feed to certain places. No matter where or how you feed,
the bees will first fill vacanies in the brood-chamber, and
then turn their attention to the super. But surely you
don't want sugar syrup in the super.

4 Take it off the hive and let the bees rob it out.

5. When they fill up because disturbed, they may after-
ward return the honey to the cells, but I suspect they
generally take pretty good toll for their own use. What
they get by robbing will be generally deposited in the cells.

6. Possibly not compelled, but I think they always go
out empty.

7. Three days from the time the grub hatches out of the
egg is theoretically the limit of age ; but I suspect that
younger brood is better, because when left to their own
choice the bees use younger. Be sure that they have at
least some cells containing the smallest larvae. If you give
them all kinds, from eggs to sealed brood, they'll make the
proper selection.

8. Perhaps a failing queen.

9. No, but such a case might easily be, especially if a
swarm should be hived in an empty hive and a super at
once given in which the bees had already begun work.

10. I don't know, it's a way they have.

11. Occasionally queenless bees will not start cells, and
sometimes they will have cells and no brood while a queen
is in the hive.

12. The queenless bees will not disturb the queen if al-
ready fully conscious of their queenlessness, and a peace-
able uniting means kindly treatment of the queen.

Returning After-Swarms-Destroying Queens.

Last spring I bought 2 colonies of bees. I transfer-
red 3 swarms from hollow trees and caught several
" tramp" swarms. I caught one the 19th of May. It cast
3 swarms, and the first one cast a swarm to-day, so that
I have had 25 swarms — too many, entirely.

On page 457, is an easy way to return after-swarms.
Will they destroy the queen every time put back, or will
they come out again with the same queen ?

Do we have to destroy the queens ? Missouri.

Answers. — When an after-swarm issues, a young queen
emerges with it, and one or more young queens are allowed
to issue from their cells in the old hive. Then when you
return the swarm there is a battle, and the victorious queen
issues with the next swarm. This may go on so long as
any young queens are left in the cells. When all are out of
the cells there will be a fight to the finish, and only one
queen left, and consequently no more swarming.

Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook :
44 pages : price, postpaid, 3(i cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' lluide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full yearm advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

570

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

^REVERSIBLE WALL MAP<^

OF THE

UaiTED STATES MD WOELD,

WITU SPECIAL IXSET MAPS OF

GDlna, GuBa, Pono RlGO, Tlie millPDlnes, Hawaii, and ftiaska,

Especially prepared to meet the demand for a lirst-class map that will give a quick, general idea of location of events the world over, and par-
ticularly to the United States and our territorial possessions. Very n^ef iil in every Home and Ollioe.
G«x4« Il^CHES liir SIZE.

Best and Most Necessary Map
Ever Issued.

Plates

are works of art.
The engraving- is
plain, bold, and
decisive. The color
work is elegantly
contrasted, but not
gaudy.

PerFec-
tion anci
ArMsMe
Elegance

a salient feature
of this map not ap-
proached by any
similar publica-
tion.

No Home or Business House
should be -without it.

!(t"is«- '1"~^

N^/^O"!^

'/-I I —

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OM/NC
1.1^ =

— I SOUTH I

-p"J WYOMING j-.-.'-?j;
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\ """i^TAH! i

\ ; /Colorado!

"^ILUKOIS] S \

AST

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™ ( I i -V fM>- lARKANSAsi '\ <[ sout" " V^ S"^ C

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of CANAO/^
MEXICO.

General Map

a a: a: a;

IVIarcjinal
Index.

is one of the in-
valuable features.
It gives an al-
phabetical list of
countries, their lo-
cation on map,
style of govern-
ment, population,
area, products,
minerals, imports,
exports, etc.

The 1900 Census .?*: JSC

of the largest American Cities is given.

It has been pronounced a AAA

Photograph of the World

One side shows a grand map of our great country, with counties, railroads, towns, rivers, etc., correctly located. The other side shows
an equally good map of the world. Statistics on the population, citie.*, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavy map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

1901 EIU'I'IOJ^. — Every reader sliould c-»«£S«lt it every day. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc. Especial attention is given to th^ ;opography of the country ; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly Indicated. The leading cities and towns are shown, special attention being given to those along lines of railroads. The
Canadian section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked. The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Kepublie of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.

On tlie reverse side is the I>ibrary Map ot Ilie World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced. The political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined in colors. The ocean currents are clearly shown and
named. Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given. A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world. A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names ot the capitals
and their population. Xiie Inset IMaps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors. They are placed in convenient positions around the
United States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain understanding of our possessions. An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.

T^ Two maps on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express ; or we will

forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each ; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

571

ftflelS * HftRD RECORD TO BEAT * fldels

Mv father has an Adel colony that stored 75 pounds section honcv. It cast a swarm that has
tilled nine 24-pjund supers up to date— 1''03. I am ready to back up this statement

F. R. K()/AK» Maquoketa, Iowa.

I got 210 l-pound sections from one Adel colooj. Another has tilled S supers, and I expect 2
more supers this year from same colony. J. C. Oli.enukkg, Belleplaine, Minn.

One Queen and "Improved Queen Rearing," $1.50. Send for Icpige Catalog-.
30Atf HENRY ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are Interested in Sheep In any way
yon cannot aSord to be without the beat
Sheep Paper published In the United Statu.

Wool markets and Slieep

has a hobby which Is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first.foremost and all the time-
Are you interested? Write to-day.

wool MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGABO III.

SectionoS, SHipping-Gases,
ttoneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS "» g'^^-

Sterling, Ga., June 2'), 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary. Sand me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. U UOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey.while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain (Jolden Italians— None Superior. .-. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 7Sc each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: t. for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for 5.00 I Select Tested, $2 SO each; 6 for. 12.00

Best money can bay, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut, - CIIMCIIMMATI, OHIO.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

)

Rearing; One's Own Queens.

Is it advii-alile for the small bee-keeper to
rear his own (lueensJ is answered by Wurtb,
in Die Hiene, with a decided no!

The great bee-master, Gravenhorst, is
i|uoted as saying some years ago :

" We have neither found it practical nor
paying, not even tor the extensive bee-l<eeper.
to enter into <iueen-rearing Ijefore the regular
swarming season." Perhaps, adds Wunh,he
was as satisfied as we are of the changing of
queens unl3el<nown to the bee-keeper.'' —
American Bee- Keeper.

Oivlng Empty Supers on Top or Be=
low in a Heavy Flow.

The following Stray Straw from Gleanings
in Bee-Culture shows that at least in a heavy
flow it does not always seem best to give ad-
ditional room by adding empty supers only
on top:

"Every four or five days we overhaul the
supers on the hives, taking off those that are
finished, and giviiig empty sections where
needed. The empty super is put below all
the others; and as few have less than 4, and
many 5 and ti supers, it's a good deal of work

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FEEE

To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear — well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months In advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the SI. SO to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you I Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please Mention the Bee Journal when writinff Advertisers.

572

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

to lift them 'all o£E for the sake of putting the
empty one^^under. So, in one of the rounds a
week or so ago, partly because it was easier
^and partly for the experiment, we lifted off
no supers, but just put an empty super on
top wherever the upper super appeared pretty
full. That one experiment was enough.
When we made the next round, four or five
days later, we found work not pushed' so very
hard in the [added super; but in the other
supers wax and burr-combs plastered every-
where in wasteful profusion, built on to the
separators and between the supers, spoiling
the appearence of some of the sections, be-
sides a waste of wax that might have paid for
the extra work. It only two supers had been
on the hive, so that the upper empty super
would have been nearer the brood-nest, likely
the bees would have begun work in it more
promptly, but the burr-comb biisiness would
have been worse."

Scissors for Queen^Clipplng.

Some time ago I ran across a peculiar pair
ot scissors that looked promising. The price
ssemed a trifle high, but as > a venture I
bought them, and now [could I not get an-
other pair 1 would not part ,with them for
twenty times their cost. Clipping with them
is a real pleasure, and one is half inclined to
try fancy trimming of^the workers' wings just
for the fun of it. The handles three inches,
blades one inch long, but their virtue lies in
the shape of their blades, which are exceed-
ingly slender, with finely rounded points, and
all parts but the culling edges are rounded
aad polished. They slip under the tiueen's
wings almost of their own volition. There is
no danger of impaling the (|ueen on any sharp
points, or of denting her abdomen with the
sharp side of a wide blade. It is not even
necessary to pick the queen from the combs,
butjust hold her still by pressing her thorax
against the comb with one finger, and then
snip the desired wing or wings.

Good tools pay, and he who works with poor
tools is more than twice tired.— Arthur C.
Miller, in American Bee-Keeper.

Reading Bee Bool<s and Papers.

For a beginner to take a bee-paper and not
have a good text-book on the subject of bees
is about like a child being started to learn to
read in the third reader before he has learned
his A B C'^, for many of the questions that
puzzle the beginner are fully answered in the
text-books, but are seldom ever referred to in
the bee-papers. Let it not be considered,
however, that a single text-book and one bee-
paper are sufticient for the progressive bee-
keeper, for no author of any book is in-
fallible, and while he may cover certain sub-
jects thoroughly, another author may handle
some other subject more ably, and the practi-
cal bee-keeper has no time to waste on any
method that is not the shortest and best way
of accomplishing the desired effect.

On the other hand, the bee-keeper should
not make a book-worm of himself. In the
long, winter eveniags, he may profitably read
nearly all that appears in the bee-papers, but
in the busy time, when the bees are requiring
his attention, and he has many other things to
look after, when the time between dark and
bed-time is short, he can not hope to read all,
if he is taking several papers. He must be
able to run through them and decide from the

Tnoysands ot Hives ■■ Millions oi Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling- goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. ^ ^i^c.Zri^^i^i

K**"** »WM a^^-w*^ TT •^.rm.. ♦^ CASH— for best yel-
Icw, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEOROP W. YORK S CO.. 144 S 146 Erie St.. Cliicaeo. 111.

A QUICK
CALL

Many times a life de|)eiKls
on securing: immeiliate aid
from a pliysii-iau orsurgeoii.
With a .Siromberjr-C'arlson
ti.'lephone in thi' house you
oan call the doctor in a few

seconds in case of accident or sudden illness. A rural
telephone line saves time and puis you in close touch
with your neighbors and the rest of llie world. Gives
earliest market news, alarms the whole neighborhood
in ease of fire and helps in hundreds of other ways.
Tlie SI romljerg-Carlson telephones ai'e the easiest
1(1 opeiate. most modei-n and most durable on the
market. Once tried tbe.v supercede all others. All parts
i;uaranteed live years. Send for our Farmers' book Ko. F i
telling all about Rural telephones. It is an interesting story.
Sent I'ree to anyone iiitere';ied.

StromberJ-Carlson Telephone Mf^. Co., Cliicajo, 111.

JS^

5

L>ania.i wnea wtjUii^

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

WorkiiifS^ wax into Foundation for Casli a Specialty. Bees'vrax
always ^vanted at liig'heiiit price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toroato, Out.,

<?oli. 4p-i>nto for Caaada.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

. lu work for us. We wlU start yo
.ouslneBS and famish the capital. Work
|light and easy. Send 10 cents for full

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of g-oods
wanted and let us quote you prices, ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.

(|ueeDS M Ready to Supply m Return Hail

stock which cannot be excelled. Each variety bred in separate apiaries,
from selected mothers ; have proven their qualities as great honey-g'atherers.

Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,
75 cents ; 6 for S4.00.

D J r* I rv-j 70f rii «£»£»«-■ C which left all records behind in honey-
IVCU C/IOVCr V,IUecnS, gathering. Untested, Sl.OO; 6 for $5.00.

/^ ^^^•|^_^_ — Thev are so highly recommended, being more gentle
WarmOlarld than a'U others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Oil 111 llfCDCD 21.46-2148 Central Avenue.
■ III Iff ■ If LDCIl) CINCINNATI, OHIO.

(Successor to Chas. F. Muth and A. Math.)

Please Mention the Bee Joornal iJlJrS^S'.?...

Golden Italians

Sept. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

573

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italiad, warranted
to give satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QU)IRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was esiabli-hed in 18S8. Our stock origi-
nated from the best and hlg-hestpriced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Pi ice of c^neens
after July list: Large Select, 75c each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $150 each; Breeders. $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei [do queen] $2 each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-

cular will interest you; it*s f ree.
Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The abuve ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writlna

The AMERICAN INSTITUTE of PMRENOLOaV

Inoorporatea 1S66. S9tti SeBSlon opens Sept id.
Subjects; Plirenolcgy tlie Art of Cbaracter
Eeailinjr: Ar atomy. Pbysloloxr. Physlognomr,
HerediiT. HT0ene. etc. Address : 24 E. 22d St.,
New Yo'rk. care of Fowler & W'flls Co.
24Etf Please mentioH the Bee Journal.

^^ FENCE!

SiSXSSlSi « COILED SPRIISOFENc'e'cO.
'""*^""" Box S-) WlBehesler, Indiana, C. S.

STROMGEST
, . _.___. MADE. Buu

rannn " ^■■^^" strong, Chlcken-
intawal Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
1"=S*S Price.. FolljWarmnled. Catalo- •■■

"Etf

Please mention the Bee Jc

nal

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boyp, Girls, oldandyoungaliktj,

make mooey working for us.

W> fnraish capita] to start yoa inbusi-

I 10c stalDps or Bllrer for full tDstmctiona and a line of

■Mipleatoworkwith. bKAPER PUBLISHING CO.,Clilca{a,IU.
-■lease monttoi; 8«fl joumai wnen <KT.\^iij-

W T _.j J Your address on a postal

VV/inTCfl f""- a little book on

^ »*»««.*'** qpben-Rearing — SENT

FREE, ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.

Address, HENRY ALLEY.

-~^Atf WEN HAM, MASS.

flease mention Bee jotimal wnen vn-itms

^^^^^^^H^

Page Hog Fence

.ild..;tlietvb.ilelilte
I'.KiK H'OVK.N UIKK FENCE CO.. Adrian. Miili.
Please mention Bee Journal "when 'rrtatinv.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail lor
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this ** Emerson ^* no further binding is neces-
•arjr.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 it 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Everything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

letters and heaclliues what will interest him
the most. He will tbi'ii probably miss much
that would be of beaclil, to bim, but belter
let it pass than to nefilect the bees or some
other iiaportant matter that requires atten-
tion.—S. E. Mn.i.ER, in Progressive Bee-
Keeper.

Arrangement of Supers on Hives.

I don't know what's the best arrangement
of supers on hives; but at present we have
settled upon this order: An empty super is
put next the brood-nest; next above this the
super nearest completion, and so on, the one
least advanced being on top. If it seems pos-
sible that more room may be needed, an addi-
tional super is put above all. Next time
around, this upper super generally has the
foundation drawn, but no honey in it — some-
times a little honey, and sometimes the foun-
dation not drawn at all. — A Stray Straw in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Some German Uses of Honey.

From a honey leaflet sent out by P. Waetzel,
Freiburg, I take the following recipes:

" Honey-water flavored with fruit-juice,
lemon or berry, makes a good drink for fever-
patients."

" Honey dissolved in hot water is good for
hoarseness and coughs, beneficial in diphthe-
ria, influenza and la grippe.''

" Honey and unsalted butter made into a
salve is excellent in case of scalds and burns."

" Apply a plaster or poultice of honey and
flour on severe burns, also on boils. ' '

" Sleeplessness yields to internal honey
treatment." — American Bee-Keeper.

The Carno>Italian Bees.

These are commended by Prof. Frank Ben-
ton, and are highly esteemed by the editor of
the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, who says
of them:

"Their work in our own apiary this year
amply justifies all we have said in their favor.
For the locality of the Rocky Mountains they
are superior to Haliaus in many respects,
chief among which is the uniformity and high

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR BIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

\ MountUnionGolleoe

^ Open to both se.xes from the begin-

y ning. Founded inlS46. Highest grade

7\ scholarship. First-class reputation. 25

V instructors. Alumni and students occu-

y pying hig-hest pcsitions in Church and

IL State. Expenses lower than other col-

jf leges of equal tirade. Any young person

\ with tact and energy can have an educa-

A tion. We invite correspondence. Send

J* for catalog.

\ MOUNT IMON COLLEGE,

« Alliance, Ohio.

Long Tongyes ValuaDle

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll In the
honey down In Texas.

HuTTO, Te.^., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. MooKK.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchaHed of you. I could
have written sooner, but 1 wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you 1 am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am morn than
pleased. I will stock my outapiaries ne.xt
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long tongue bees to secure ihegrealestquautity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, Jl.OO each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders bv return
mail, and shill probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

SlAtf Pendleton Co.

please mention Bee Journal -when ■writiiip

B0UI6S.

Jars.

of every
descrip-
tion

Honey
Dealers ...

G. G. STUTTS GLASS CO.,

Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.

3oE4t Write for illustrations.

r'lease mention Bgp Journal ■when "writiiija

$300,000,000.00 A YEArt

and you may have part of It If you work
for U8- Uncle Bam'e poultry product paye
that Bum. Send lOc for Bampleeand partic
ulars. We fomlBh capita] to start you in

buBineBB. Draper Pablkhlnf Co..Chica£O.IU

mention Bee Journal wnen wiitana,

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

25 years the best.
Send for Circular.

Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAM. Parwell. Mich.

Please mention Bee Joiirnitl ^hen writing

Italian Queens,

Bees and IMuolei.

r'lef^M? oieutaou ilea Joumai wnau

luiife

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $.60

One Tested Queen 80

OneSelect Tested Queen. l.iX)

One Breeder Queen i.so

One -Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) i.oo

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen^ sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG,

16Atf 304 E. Logan St., CLaRINDA, lOWA.
rtease mention Bee Journal ■when •writing

574

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

quality of their work 'in the supers. They
enter the sections readily, cap their combs as
white as the snowy range, and use little prop-
olis. The quality of the work of our Carno-1 tal-
ians is distinctly superior to that of the vari-
ous etrains of Italians in the same yard, while
the quantity of honey they have stored is
fully equal to the best Italian colonies.

A. I. Root on Depth of Frames.

The senior editor of the iGleanings in Bee-
Culture, asked his opinion with regard to the
advantage of shallow frames over those most
commonly in use, thus expresses himself:

" Friend H., if you want my personal opin-
ion in regard to the matter, I would say, stick
to the Langstroth .frame. Since I began
bee-keeping, every little while somebody
gives his reason for thinking the Langstroth
frame is not the best shape or size, and more
or less follow him ; but in due course of time
the new kind is dropped, and we get back
to the standard Langstroth. There are not
only more bees in the world on this size of
frames than all other sizes together, but I am
not sure but there are ten limes as many. Per-
haps I am not posted, and up to the times;
but I very much doubt whether there is ad-
vantage enough in a shallower frame to pay
to use another than the Langstroth.

The Future of Bee-Keeping.

This is viewed very hopefully by Mr. G. C.
Creelman, Superintendent of Farmers' Insti-
tutes for the province of Ontario. In the
course of an address before the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, reported in the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, he said :

'' We are getting inquiries every day about
bees; people want to branch out, and we find
the younger people are growing up and ask-
ing for information concerning the common
things that are about them. I don't know
anything amongst Nature's studies better
than to give a child a hive of bees ; if the
parents, if the older brothers, those of you
who are here, could take those children and
bring them along, and get the school teachers
interested, and offer prizes for the best collec-
tion at the fall fairs, raised by the boys, of
flowers, fruits, and so on, I believe we would
have such an awakening in apiculture that
the amount of honey produced would exceed
the demand, and it at the same time we car-
ried along a package of tracts, and kept the
papers full of it from one meeting to the
other, and kept talking honey, honey, in all
our agricultural papers, a very great interest
would be taken, and the demand would be
increased. You have to keep these things be-
fore the people.

'' As it is at present, there is so much lack
of interest that the chopping down of a tree,
or having to feed the pigs, will keeji them
away from the meeting ; but it they have been
thinking of that meeting for eight months or
a year ahead, you would have a very much
greater attendance. I think you men, who

m

Vrnm

If 'ATWHOLESALtPRICEsTheGROWLR

t fetofk.

ROCHESTER.

VENTILATED
BUSHEL

CRATES

These crater are the most c
that can ho used on the farm,
and other fniits and vepotabk-
stored and taken to market in
handlini^. 'I'hey allow

onvenient things
Ai'ples. potatofs
s can be gathered ,
them without re-
) circulate freely
throu;^h them. Our crates cost 8 cents each
ready to nail tofiether. JIade of best material
and with decent care will last a lifetime. Can
be "nested" together to store away. Our illus-
trated booklet >o. 11 telling all about them free.

GENEVA COOPERAGE CO.. GENEVA, O.

\ Do It Quick! [

$2.50 tor

SaiTiDle Free

The Modern Farmer

and Busy Bee, fSOc;

The Western ^ "^

Fruit-Grower, 50c:

Gleanings in Kee-Cul-

ture, $1.00;
ALL FOR $1.00

TieMoilern Farmer

St. Joseph, n».

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
^ cut with one of your Com-
' bined Machines, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
yon say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal when writlii&

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey: the Pasturage and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, SO cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cai.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

AXnttfrmX that is over a quarter of a
UUUl llrti century old and 's still grow-
ing must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Joupnal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.
Vlease menti'^n Bee journal -when -writinp

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Mise Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story— 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

are thinking along these lines, and using your
brains to the very best advantage, are not
doing enough; you are doing all this but
you do not get a chance to tell the great num-
ber of people about it; you are to a large
extent wasting time. A great many have
heard these things before, and they are here
for new inspirations, and to see if they can
not increase along new lines."'

Using Starters in the Brood-Nest.

It is a fact patent to all, I think, that a col-
ony that is building a set of combs in the
brood-nest, and that has at the same time
ample storage room in the super, has all de-
sire to swarm removed, and the necessity for
rapid comb-building for storage purposes re-
moved, and that the desire for workers in
such a colony is paramount. Hence, nearly
all the comb that is built by the bees, and im-
mediately occupied Ijy the queen, is built,
worker size, whether the queen be one month
old or three years old.

But to secure these conditions, everything
must be normal. The colony must have a
laying queen and an ample field force at the
time they are hived, whether the swarm is
forced or natural. Again, it is necessary to
have a steady tlow of honey; but these condi-
tious nearly always prevail at such times in
Colorado.

Any condition that will retard rapid comb-
building, like an old queen with a good force
of young bees and a small field-force, or a
colony that has been given a frame or two of
brood to help them, and has a small field-force,
or a colony, let it be large or small, that is
compelled to rear a queen, will invariably con-
struct much drone-comb.

But I think it is still safe and advisable,
here in Colorado, where our swarming season
does not stammer along through the year, as
in oriental countries, but is nearly all done in
20 days after the honey-llow begins, to con-
tinue the use of starters only in the brood-
nest ; and our reward will be a good crop of
the most beautiful surplus honey that can be
produced, and brood-chamljers filled, with
none too much drone-comb, as hundreds of my
own. and others' hives will attest.— M. A.
lin.L, in Uleaning.s in Bee-Culture.

Four Tons of Comb Honey from 70
Colonies.

I promised you that I would tell you how I
produced that four tons of honey from 70
colonies, spring count. In the first place, I^
had all young queens. I do not believe in
keeping queens vifter they are two years old,

Sept.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

575

for my experience has been thai it does not
pay. My method Is to keep the bees from
swarminj; if I can. I believe in double-decli-
ers. I find that it works the best to add
the extra brood-chamber when they need it.
When the queen gets her hive full of eggs
and brood, and needs more room, I do nit
wait for them to get the swarming fever, but
raise up the hive and put another under it
with drawn combs. I find thai drawn combs
are far ahead of foundation to keep them from
swarming. I do not claim that they will not
swarm, nor are all queens good enough for
double-deckers, so an apiarist would be fool-
ish to try to use a double-decker with a poor
quee'n. With Dr. Miller, I am still looking fi r
a strain of non-swarming bees. To produce
comb honey we must have strong colonies, and
keep them so without a desire to swarm.
Proper ventilation goes a long way toward
this.

Last spring and early summer we had cold
weather. I used to go down in the yard and
close the entrance according to the strength
of the colony, on cold nights. Sometimes it
would keep so cold that I would not open
them up for two or three days. I have found
that those with large entrances, especially on
cold nights, did not breed as rapidly. When
they are storing comb honey in very hot
weather they need a good deal of veritilation
from the hatiom. I have tried raising the
hive in the heat of the day, and then lower-
ing it toward evening as it begins to get
cooler. I use shade-boards, and I never raise
the cover to ventilate unless it is a powerful
colony, as they can not cap when there is a
draft through the hive. If you do raise the
cover, always lower it at night. Work with
the bees, for they always want their ventilation
at the bottom. Give them plenty of section
room. As soon as they get one super well
started I raise it up and give them another. I
have found that they work all right in three
supers; but when you get up to four or five
they cap slowly in the upper supers. — George
B. Howe, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Close Saturdays a 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here liegin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

%

BEE=BOOKS

S1:NT POSTl'AIU BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

M4 it UG E. Eric St., - ( HICAGI), ILL

5 TO START YOU IN BUSINESS
We will present you with the tlrst (i.'> you
take in to start you in a wood paying tiusl
lie?.-*. Send 10 cents for full line of eamples
uniJ directions how to beKin-
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. CbiciKo, Mli.
Please meution Bee JoumaJ wten, ■wTitine

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing' plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
15 cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
iuff us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, vrith $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book couiains 3'.'8 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautifuV original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called '• A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is fouud in the new one, it all reads like
a good new storv of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1 OU.

Bee-Kecper'.s Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 'i9.5 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth on theHoney-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, SI. 20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. &. E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-ljees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, .*1.20

Scientific Queen-Kearlug, as Practi-
cally Applied, hy G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in clotli and illustrated. Price, §1.00;
in leatherette binding, GO cents.

Bees anil Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents ; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and ManageMR-nt, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kiiltur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called '-Bees and
Honey." UlO-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary IJegister, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, si. 00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the .McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter I'roblem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. K. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, aO cents.

Foul Brooil Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. K. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Auff 7.— Consig^ameats of the new
crop are coming' to commi-ision houses that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is not any consumptive demaad they are Gad-
iog- difficulty in disposing of it. Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices, as some merchants ask 10 cents for
honey that others hold at 15 cents. The prices
^ivea in our last quotations are asked but feel-
ing is unsettled. Beeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. BCRXETT & Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 25.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving-. We
quote fancy white comb» 24 secti<)n case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-8ection case, *5 <X»;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24 section case, $2.75;
Extracted, white, per lb., t%c\ amber 5!^@6c.
Beeswax, 25@30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N.Y., Aug. 26.— Demand increasing;
receipts light as yet, and could sell more comb
than coihing. Light, 15c; mixed, ]4@i5c; dark,
13c. Extracted quiet; light, 7c; dark. 6c. Bees-
wax, 30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6— The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from SJ^@6}'gc,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 7(p)8i^c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases. 16@16^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Frbd W. Muth Co.

New York, July 8.— Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12@13c for No, 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
5@5^c for light amber, 5^@6^c for white, and
the Common Southern at from 50f5)55c per g-al-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@3lc.

Hildreth & Segelken.

Cincinnati, Aug. S.— New honey is now of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted. The
demand for honey is about as usual at this
time of )he season. I made sales at the follow-
ing figures: Amber, S@S%c\ water-white al-
falfa, 6^c; fancy white clover honey. l@~%c.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14@15c. Beeswax, 27@3oc. C. H. W. Weber.

San FRiNCisco, July 22.— White comb houey,
lli^@13i^c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
S'4(a5 c; light ambcr,4?/i 05c: amber, 4%@A%c\
dark. 3^@4Kc. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27}4@29c; dark, 25@26c.

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

HONEY

In dO-drip shipping. cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the oni v dealers in this article
owning- as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quanlitv. quality and price asked
for your offerings. Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf M.^Nz.iNOLA, Colo , or F.iirfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Houey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY— also Beeswax Soit cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33.\tf 1004 E. Wash. St.. 1ndianai>olis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

576

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 3, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
>t'i31 ntot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g'oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

■▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼>

fiea-se <u«nuoij Ijee Journal when •writitifc

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
i New subscriber to the Bee Journal
j>for a year at Sl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS
SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such iavestments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos.
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HANSON, G.P.ft., Ghicaoo.

26A121 Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens, by Mail.
Golden and Honey Queens.

July and August. 1

Honey Queens ([Jotested)..$ .75
" •' (Tested).... 1.25

Golden " (Untested).. .75
" " (Tested).... 1.25

2-frame Nucleus (no queen) 2.0O
Breeders, »3 00 each, after June 1.

Add price of any Queen wanted

Our bees are shipped in light shipping cases.
Purchaser pays express on Nuclei.

Safe arrival guaranteed of all stock sent out.

6

12

$ 4.00
7.00
4.00
7.00
11.00

$ 7.00
1300
7.00
13 00
21.00

with Nucleus.

OcoNOMOWoc, Wis., Aug. 1, 1903.
I like your queens. The best ot any that I
ever had. Respectfully yours,

Frank D.Gunderson.

LiTCBFiELn, III., Aug. 3, 1903.
Dear Sir: — Enclosed please find money order
for $1 50 for which send me two untested honey-
queens The one I bought of you two years ago
is all right. There are no better.

Respectfully yours,

GUS PiCAMAN.

tested stock sent out before

Notice. — No
May 15. Send
Express Order.

17Atf

dey by P. O. Money Order or
D. J. BLOCHER.

PEARL CITY, ILL.

%is^ia^is,ja»ja,ja,je^je,yi,jemja,je,ja,jfi^ie^^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
year

W«» o-lfStrfinf f>f> ^nf icfjir'tirkn What more can anybody do? beauty,

we j^udrdii LCC .^diiMdCLiuii. purity, firmness, No SAOaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PRGCBSS SHEBTINQ.

^Vhv Hnf>e it ef>ll en ix/f>ll V Because it has always given better satls-
VV liy UUCd 11, sell »W WClI r faction than any other. Because In 35 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HoeDers' SuDDlies

OF ALL
KINDS *<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isecl,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

wvi'*:ff''srvi^'gc*s'nx^9i-*9rvi^'sf^9^^sr*9i-'9r^s^^

tneuuou tsee joirmai ■wneu ■writiTXP

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Blfff, Wis .July i«, 1903.
The a. I, Root (.;u.. Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— I thought I would write
you a few lines in regard to the Red
Clover Queen 1 jn-t Irom you. Thev
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 4>4cection8 from them and
there is 'i\ more all ready to come off.

Just think, 7:2 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was ma'ie. and only July
iKih. It seems asihouKhthey willaurelv
fill 48 more.

1 don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they waihfr red it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.

1 use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.

C. E. Kbllogg.

C. E. KETXOGO, Spring Bluff, Wis.

Dear Sir —We have yours of .luly 16th
and would be glau to have you advise us
by return mbil with reference to the
capping of the lioney. Some ■ arties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to haveyou
advibe us how yourhnneyi
spect. and oblige,

■" HpRiNo Br.rFF. Wis., July 31, 1903.
The a. I. KouT Co.. Med-na. Ohio.

Dear Sirai—Vnura of July 24th at band
to-day. In regard to ytiur question in
referenre to the cappings of the honey
from these bees I will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfv-rt. 96 one-pound

There are

aside from their honey-gathering; they don't
lew weeks and let you know if they fill the 14
Respectfully,

hey '

upers, which will bring
.(I 144. I would like very
lu see a few of those sec-
11 be glad to send you a

ou ALL their
yet. I ani sure they are
i gentle hees to hamile

C. K. KELLOGG.

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are agai
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and lioney Queens.

Bnch.

Untested »iiw

Tested -."0

Select Tested 3.00

Extra Select BreedinR lO.OT

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Bee Journal

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 10, 1903.

No. 37.

578

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

PUBLISHBD WEEKLY BY

GEORGE VI. YORK S CONPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, ill.

i Second-

EDITOR,
a-E30R,OB "W. -5rOK.EC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dh.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy frto.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rierhts.

3d.— To enforce laws ag-ainst the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 <£ 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. UUTCHINSO.N, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit-jle, liorodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wi.=;.

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

Jl^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

oreltv thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the oflSce

of the American Bee Journal.

200 Nuclei with
Red Clover Italian Queens

Ready for Immediate Delivery.

We have arranged with a bee-keeper having a large
apiary adjoining Chicago, to furnish us with Nuclei, each
having a Red .Clover Queen reared from one of Root's
specially selected Red Clover Breeding Queens. They will
be shipped direct from the apiary at these prices, cash with
the order :

One 3-frame Nucleus with queen, $3.50 ; 5 or more at
$3.00 each — on standard Langstroth frames in light ship-
ping-boxes.

Or, we can furnish these Nuclei- in 8-frame hives con-
taining 3 extra brood-combs and 2 extra frames with foun-
dation starters,' at these prices :

One Nucleus in hive for $4.50; or 5 at $4.00 each.

Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & "46 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Dr. Miller's New Book

1

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pag^es, is bound in liandsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best bools-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 10, 1903.

Na37.

c

Editorial Comments

]

Preparing Honey I'or Shipping. — We are receiving many
offers of honey, both comb and extracted, and also requests for ship-
ping directions.

First, we may say that we are not in the market for any honey at
present, and should we be later on, we will so announce.

Secondly, as to preparing honey for shipping — of course, most of
our readers know that we prefer to have all extracted honey put up in
the common .5-gaIlon or 60-pound square tin cans, two in a wooden
box. And we would advise the following procedure for comb honey,
when sent in less than car-load lots :

Only the very best and second best would we place on the distant
market. We would put it into the ordinary 13, 20, or 24 pound no-
drip shipping-cases, placing next to the glass a row of sections con-
taining what would be a fair sample of the rest of the ease. There
should be no '' facing '' for deception.

Then, six or eight of these cases of honey should be put into a
crate or box, but first putting in the bottom of the crate or box a
layer of straw or hay several inches deep. This will serve as a cush-
ion, and help to prevent the breaking down of the combs in handling
when shipping.

After putting in the cases of honey, nail strips of boards across
the top of the box or crate, and :mark thereon, very plainly, " This
Side Up. Comb Honey. Handle with Care."

Along each side of either box or crate, even with the top edge,
should be nailed a board, say one inch thick, three or four inches wide,
and about a foot longer than the length of box or crate, so that about
six inches will extend beyond the ends of the box or crate, to serve as
handles by which two men (one at either end) can carry it.

We would have each crate or box contain about 300 pounds of
honey. Of course, 100 pounds each would do, but we think that the
larger amount would be handled more safely, as it would be too heavy
to tumble around, or to be easily overturned.

We have prepared comb honey for shipping as above described,
and none was found broken after going hundreds of miles.

We once received a shipment of about 3000 pounds, sent to us from
Minnesota in the ordinary 24-pound shipping-cases, each one being
handled separately. The result was that at least a third of the honey
was entirely broken out of the sections. And such a mess to clean up 1
Well, we don't want another like it for love or money. It was also a
great loss to the shipper.

With proper care in preparation, comb honey can be shipped
safely almost any distance.

Choice of Ijocation for Bee-Keeping. — A young man just
making a start, and intending to make bee-keeping the chief business
of his life, will do well to look about and choose a place specially
suited to that business. For that matter, so might one already en-
gaged in the business. But he would be unwise, especially if already
well planted, to go some distance to a new place, knowing nothing
about it, but that some one had secured a very large yield of honey.
Possibly that one year of great flow may be offset by two of failure.

Possibly the distance or inconvenience of access to a market may be
so great as to counterbalance the greatness of the yield.

Then there are considerations outside of bee-keeping not lightly
to be ignored. Climate, home, surroundings, are all of importance.
Some of the Northern bee-keepers in attendance at the National con-
vention at Los Angeles, who had cast longing looks toward that
golden land, went home entirely satisfied to remain where they were,
after seeing some of the California apiaries. Of course, all locations
in California are not the same, but some of them are dreary enough.
To get the advantage of pasturage an apiary is located in some canyon
away from the haunts of men, the nearest neighbor halt a mile or more
away, outside of the sound of bell of church or school. With many
it is a life of exile during the honey season, the rest of the year being
passed elsewhere, but all would not like that sort of life.

On the whole, taking into account ties of friendship and old asso-
ciations, as well as trouble and expense of making a change, the prob-
ability is that not one bee-keeper in ten will find himself better off
anywhere in the world than right where he is now.

Association Notes

Messrs. W. F. Marks and 0. L. Hershiser gave us a call when
on their way home from the Los Angeles convention. They were the
only representatives from the State of New York who attended the
convention.

Notice to National Members. — General Manager N. E. France,
of Platteville, Wis., desires us to say that if any member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association has not received from him a set of
questions on a sheet to fill out and return, or has not received the
badge-button or any of the leaflets he sent to members — if such will
send him a postal card notice at once, he will see that they are sup-
plied. He wants all reports in soon, so as to include all in the annual
report, which he hopes to prepare so as to be of value to every member.

If members of the National will kindly heed the above notice, and
act in accordance therewith, they will only be helping themselves.

The Los Angeles Convention Report we expect to begin
next week. We thought we could get in the first installment this
week, but we have not received a sutficient portion of the proceedings
from the stenographer to start it in this number. Also, we have been
60 very busy since our return from the convention that we have not
yet had time to prepare some notes on the trip and meeting that we
expected to publish. Few can realize what it means for us to be away
from our office for over two weeks. But we are sure all our readers
will excuse us for any delays, under the circumstances.

And on top of all the extra pile of work, we have also been suffer-
ing from a severe cold, which we contracted upon our return from the
sunny clime of California. It almost put us in bed, but we kept up
by main force in order to get through the accumulated correspondence,
so that now things are running about as usual in this oflice. On a
weekly publication, in addition to all our other business, we need to
be here about all the time. It is very difficult to get away for more
than two or three days at a time.

580

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

[ Convention Proceedings j

Proceedings of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOI.L, SKC.

(Continued from paffe 566.1

BEE-KEEPING FOR WOMEN.

For years past women have taken an active part in
nearly every branch of the commercial vrorld, pressing- out
into almost every known occupation which tends to the
well-being of our great and prosperous country, and to-day
we have the pleasure, as honorary members, of meeting
with the men in their association to discuss the feasibility
of bee-keeping for women.

Now, we are well aware of the fact that each year there
are many of our sex thrown upon their own resources and
compelled to grasp the oars of life's frail bark and stem the
ocean tide. Some, I say, are compelled by circumstances,
others choose such a course rather than consent to be the
heroine of a pure and peaceful home, as beyond a doubt
was the Divine purpose.

When a woman realizes that she is dependent upon her
own abilities, the first question that confronts her is, What
can I do — what can I do to win a livelihood and thereby be
independent ? The first thought usually is, I'll teach, or
clerk, or something just as confining, and, we may say,
ruinous to health and usefulness. Why did she not think
for a moment of the possibilities which lie before the Ameri-
can woman to-day in some out-door vocation, and especially
bee-keeping?

One reason, if she did think of it, such an idea was im-
mediately dismissed as being impossible for women. Yet
it is by no means impossible, for there are many women
bee-keepers just as successful as men, and more so than
some men, but we'll not charge that to the man's incapacity,
though it could be the case, for there is room for such
argument in some instances. Surely, bee-keeping was not
slighted on such a plea. The pleasure it afi^ords, and the
healthful influences, together with the monetary results,
recommend it to the consideration of every energetic young
woman.

What is more enjoyable than to walk into your cool,
shady apiary with smoker in hand on some fine May day,
and hear the happy hum of little bees, as they come tumb-
ling and crowding into the hives, laden with their dainties
from field, forest and glen ? Such sweet peace and pleas-
ure may be any woman's for just a little time, and patience,
and trouble. And then it's not only pleasant but very
profitable. Like poets, bee-keepers are born, not made, but
almost any live, energetic person can in time become a suc-
cessful bee-keeper.

Again, it may be truly said it is no lazy man's job.
Many hesitate because they have no experience in the work.
If you have none of your own, falter no longer but fall in
line and appropriate some of your fellow worker's. You
may be able to pay back some day. That is what we are
here for to-day, to help one another. This is a men's asso-
ciation, but I am glad they have thought of us lady bee-
keepers and consented to take us in as honorary members,
at least.

Bee-keeping is becoming more and more scientific,
though there are some " way back yonder " farmers who
are contented to have a few" log-gums. In a few years it
will not be so. Ladies, take the matter in hand yourself.
Mr. Farmer will be too busy and sleepy over the subject to
object. Transfer the bees into nice, new hives, and some
morning he will open his eyes to see those neat rows along
the front walk, and hear the bees with renewed energy
humming on the near-by clover. There are other things
he will think of, too, when there are a few nice, clean sec-
tions of honey to market, and then next time more, and
still more. He will doubtless remember that he was once
owtfer of those bees, yet he would never know it from their
appearance now. Then there was honey for Sunday only,
and it was dark and thick — not the nice, clean sections
that now grace the table almost daily.

Let us arouse some of the men, too, on the subject. I

suppose my father would never have thought of being a
bee-keeper if his wife had not had a few patent hives when
they were married.

The expenses of a beginner need not be great. Hives,
frames, and other fixtures do not cost much now. A lady
with a little help could make them herself. So, if one has
not the means for securing these necessaries, they can
easily be made on the farm. Almost every farmer's wife or
daughter raises some chickens for market each year, why
not invest the proceeds in bees so that in time you may
make more than mere " pin-money ?"

True, not all localities are adapted to the production of
honey. In such cases queen-rearing might be followed
with success, since fine tested queens are in demand all the
time. Then the production of wax is another feature not
to be overlooked. I think if the ladies who have the time to
canvass their neighborhood with tea-sets or patent medi-
cine would establish an apiary they would find it more
pleasant and far more remunerative.

There is here in connection with other studies an apiary
for the boys who wish to study this branch of the course.
Have you ever asked yourself why the boys should have
advantages over the girls ? Are not the girls equal to the
task ? If so, then in the Girls' Industrial School, at Den-
ton, let there be an apiary. Yes, let the boys learn to care
for the "Jersey," " Durham," " Hereford," etc., and the
girls to keep bees, then will we truly possess " a land flow-
ing with milk and honey."

There was a day when girls knew not the fret and worry
of securing a livelihood. But then we saw " as through a
glass darkly," now face to face, and we are brought to real-
ize that institutions whereby young women may be equip-
ped for the struggle are a real necessity, and as we are
called the " weaker sex," why not help the weak ? So let
us think of getting an apiary at the Girls' School. Not
only think of it, but get it.

We hope to hear of many ladies taking up bee-keeping
not only to add to their " pin-money," but to become an
auxiliary to the wealth and income of the farm, and we
wish to see in this assembly room, at our annual meeting,
many lady bee-keepers fully interested in this new calling
to our girls. Mrs. Ben D. Burrow.

Grimes Co., Tex.

PREVENTION OF SWARMING AND INCREASE.

Since different bee-keepers are running out-apiaries,
the question arises how to manage them during swarming
time. If we let the bees swarm, and hire a boy for watch-
ing and catching the swarms, we have considerable ex-
pense, and can be sure that this boy will sleep somewhere
in the shade just when a swarm is coming out and going oft".

Since I have kept bees, now for about 40 years, I have
tried to avoid this watching for swarms by making them
artificially, just a little earlier than the colonies would
swarm naturally. Of all the different ways to make arti-
ficial swarms, I found that brushed swarms on the old or
on a new stand are the best, because they are quite similar
to natural swarms ; in some respects even better. In this
way I managed an out-apiary from 1882 to 1893 for comb
and extracted honey, and lost very few swarms. At that
time I increased the number of my colonies ; when I did not
want more colonies I united two of the weaker colonies after
the honey-flow or in the fall. In some localities and some
years I still think that it is the best plan ; and right here I
want to say that a great deal depends upon the locality and
other circumstances as to which management is the best.

In my locality, for instance, the bees commence to breed
early ; at the end of March some of the colonies in 8 or 10
frame hives are swarming already, but the main honey-fiow
from horseraint commences generally at the end of May.
During this flow we expect no swarms at all. In other
localities the swarming time commences just before the
honey-flow, and continues all through it. This makes a
big difference in the management to prevent swarming.

Now, I win tell how I do it. I use very large hives in
the spring, and they prevent swarming to a great extent.
When you have used them five or six years you will find out
that your bees will be less inclined to swarm. In some
years, very favorable for brood-rearing in the spring, a
large number of colonies would nevertheless swarm, but
they will swarm at least a month later than those in small
hives. Once in awhile I go over my colonies, and if I find
one very strong I remove the shallow stories to see whether
the colony has comparatively much brood. If I find brood
that would fill more than two stories (an equivalent to about
10 Langstroth frames), this colony is swarmed or divided
artificially.

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

581

Now, you will say. We want you to speak of a plan, or
some plans, to prevent swarming and increase. Well, it is
this way : The plan consists of two parts. At first a
brushed swarm is made, and then the second part of the
manipulation, all the bees which will afterwards hatch
from the brood are given back to this swarm at the proper
time ; and this can be done in different ways. If we pro-
duce extracted or bulk comb honey the plan is more simple,
and I will explain it first.

One thing I have to mention. If a brushed swarm is
made, or a natural swarm is used just at the beginning of
the main honey-flow for producing comb honey in sections,
I always give starters only in the brood-frames, and full
sheets of foundation in the sections. For extracted honey
I prefer empty combs, or full sheets of foundation in the
brood-chamber. I think you know the reason for this.
Now to our management.

• First Pi,.\n. — If a colony is ready to swarm, and the
honey-flow will commence in about two or three weeks, and
extracted honey is to be produced, I set a new brood-cham-
ber on the old stand with one comb containing open brood
and the queen ; the balance full sheets of foundation, a
queen-excluder on top, and over this all the stories of the
colony in the old order. If I can't find the old queen I
brush off the bees from the brood-combs into the hive, or
in front of it, till I am sure the queen will be under the ex-
cluder. This manipulation keeps this colony from swarm-
ing for three or four weeks, and consequently it depends
upon the locality whether it is sufficient or not.

Second Plan. — We need a simple implement for this
plan. It is a board, like a Porter escape-board, but in place
of the bee-escape it contains two square holes about 2x4
inches, and wire-screens nailed on both sides of the board
over these holes, so the bees can't feed through. On one
end, about 2 inches of the rim is cut out for an alighting-
hole. These double-wire screens can be used in the apiary
for different purposes.

Now, we again make a brushed swarm on the old stand
with the old queen, a double wire-screen on top, the alight-
ing-hole in the front, and on top of this all the brood-frames
with a sufficient number of bees for nourishing the brood.
A queen-cell from selected stock can be givon to this upper
colony. When this queen is hatched and fertilized the
wire-screen is removed, and which queen is selected, we
allow it to be fought out by the queens themselves. In
nearly all cases the young queen will kill the old one, and
this colony will not swarm any more the same year. This
plan is the invention of Mr. M. R. Kuehne, of California,
which he described to me in a private letter.

Third Pl.^n. — If we wish to keep the old queen we can
use another trick. We set the hive with the trood-combs
on the side of the brushed swarm, and give a ripe queen-
cell, if none is on the combs. This colony is weak, and the
first young queen that hatches will destroy the other queen-
cells. In a week after brushing she will have done this job,
and we will see it, if any queen-cell is found with the side
torn open by the bees. Now, in the evening, we simply
change the places of the two colonies, and one hour after-
wards, when the bees have ceased to fiy, we change places
again. What's that for? Well, in the evening many field-
bees from the swarm will enter the hive with the virgin
queen ; they are used to a fertile queen, and will kill the
young one during the night in nine cases out of ten. The
next morning we set this hive on top of the swarm, and a
wire-screen between the two, which can be removed about
six hours afterwards.

These plans can be used for the production of extracted
honey. The old brood-combs, which are now on top of the
swarm, will be filled with honey, which can be extracted.
For the production of section honey we can use similar
plans, but we have to overcome some difficulties.

The forced-swarm method for section honey has a
double purpose. First, to prevent swarming, and, second,
to have the colony in the right condition to start to work
in the supers at once. This is secured by the empty brood-
chamber. There are no empty cells in which honey could
be stored, so it inust go into the supers. For the first pur-
pose we would not need any manipulation, because during
the main honey-flow the bees will not swarm here. So it
is plain the forced-swarm method must be used just at the
beginning of the main honey-flow. Probably we can keep
our bees from swarming before this time by using very
large hives, and by spreading the brood once in awhile, or,
in some localities, where the bees swarm just at that time,
we can use the plan I recommended about four or five years
ago.

Fourth Plan. — A brushed swarm is made as before,

and the parent colony set at the side of it. The hatching
bees are afterwards united to the swarm by using the well-
known Heddon plan of preventing after-swarms or trans-
ferring. All this is old. If anything is new, it is that
these old manipulations are used for another and new pur-
pose.

Fifth Plan. — For this purpose, to add the bees hatch-
ing from the brood to the swarm, the bee-keepe?s in Col-
orado use another way. Over the top of the brushed swarm
are set one or two section-supers, then the double-wire
screen-board, and over this the brood-combs with some
bees. Now, a canal is made out of three laths, which leads
from the upper alighting-hote down near to the lower
alighting-hole. The upper end of this canal is closed. The
bees from the upper hive have to go down, and when they
return to the hive they will mostly enter the lower hive. In
three weeks all the bees have hatched, and can be united
with the swarm, and the empty combs used elsewhere or
melted into wax. I have some objections to this plan, but
the Colorado bee-keepers say it works all right. Mr. F. L.
Thompson described this way in the Progressive Bee- Keeper
some time ago.

Sixth Plan. — Kuehne's plan, too, can be used for sec-
tion honey, with a little variation.

Seventh Plan. — Some of our Texas bee-keepers prefer
smaller hives, and their bees commence to swarm one or
two months before the main honey-flow. They have weaker
colonies and weaker swarms. What would be the best plan
for producing comb honey and avoid all increase ?

I would use hive-stands on which I could place two hives
close together. In the spring we have only one hive on
every stand. The swarms, natural or artificial, are set
close to a parent colony (not to that from which the swarm
was made, but to one which was swarmed some days before
this). When the main flow is beginning, and we have a
single hive on a stand, it is a colony which has not swarmed.
It can be manipulated according to one of the given plans.
If we have a pair of hives on another stand it is a swarm
and a parent colony. I would manipulate them in the fol-
lowing way :

We remove both colonies from the stand and set the
brood-chamber of that colony, which has the young queen,
in the middle of the stand, so it will catch the field-bees of
both colonies. In this brood-chamber we will crowd the
brood-combs which contain the most brood. If more brood-
combs are in this colony we give it to the other colony with
the old queen, but without bees. Now we put the section
supers on, with or without a queen-excluding honey-board
between them and the brood-chamber ; on top of this a
board with double wire-screens, as just described, and then
the other hive with bees and all. The Colorado canal can
be used or not. The field-bees of the upper hive will enter
the lower hive. The next, or a few days afterwards, we
kill or remove the old queen from the upper hive, and now
the colonies are in the same condition as in the other plans,
and the young bees are united with the main colony in one
of the given ways.

Eighth Plan. — Before I close I will mention the plan
by which the bee-keepers of Colorado try to get rid of foul
brood. When the honey-flow commences, the bees are shaken
into an empty hive and treated on the McEvoy plan. All
the brood-combs are given to another colony (a weak one
will do), and here they are storified from several colonies
as high as a man can reach. Twenty-one days afterwards
all the brood has hatched, and now this colony, too, is
brushed or shaken from the combs, the honey is extracted,
and if the fumigating of these empty combs with formalin
gas will prove to kill the spores of the foul-brood bacillus,
we will have a true remedy for this pest. But do not forget
that all the operations must be done very carefully.

Ninth Plan. — If the colonies are in pairs close together
when the honey-flow commences, we may unite them for
comb-honey production and secure a good crop, even if they
are not very strong. The queen of one colony is removed,
killed or kept with one brood-frame and adhering bees in a
nucleus. Now the bees of both colonies are brushed and
shaken into an empty hive on the old stand, as described,
and the brood-combs manipulated in the same way.

L. Stachelhausen.
(To be coatidned.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

582

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

Contributed Articles

Something of Benefit to Beginners in Bee-
Keeping.

{Read at the Minnesota Bee- Keepers^ Convention.)
BY A. B. HOOKER.

I HAVE been requested to contribute a paper on this oc-
casion, and do so somewhat against my inclinations;
for the reason that I am not a large bee-keeper, and cer-
tainly do not pretend to be a scientific one.

I have kept a few colonies of bees with moderate success
for a number of years, and, of course, have had an opportu-
nity to observe them more or less.

This brings me to the point that suggested these few
remarks, namely, positive assertions pertaining to the
habits of bees, and to the subject of bee-keeping in general.
Assertions which have been handed down from the past, to-
gether with some of more recent origin, that are too often
repeated in view of the fact that they can not be relied upon.
In referring to some of these I do not expect to say anything
that will be new to experienced bee-keepers, but possibly
what I shall relate of my own experience may be of some
use to beginners.

For instance, in reference to the swarming problem, we
are told that the requisite conditions for swarming are a
good honey-flow, brood in all stages, and plenty of young
beer. Now, we doubt not these conditions are usually found
in a hive from which a swarm is about to issue ; but it is not
always so. As a matter of fact, I have had swarms when
there was little or no honey coming in, and when I feared
they would starve if not fed.

I have practiced caging queens to some extent to pre-
vent swarming; and after confining a queen for 10 or 12
days, taking care that no queen-cells were allowed to re-
main in the hive, I have not infrequently known colonies
so treated to swarm within a very short time after the queen
was released, and before it was possible for them to have
brood in all stages ; in fact, with little or no recent brood
at all.

In verification of this I quote one of many similar
examples from my record of the past season : " Colony No.
31, July 4, swarmed." I will say here, by way of explanation,
that I use entrance-guards on all hives from which swarms are
expected ; thus confining the queen within the hive and in-
ducing the bees to return. This return of the bees must be
looked after, however, as I shall hereafter explain. But to
proceed with our record : "July Sth, caged the queen and
removed all the queen-cells. July ISth, liberated queen and
removed all cells. On the following day, July 16th, they
again swarmed.'' This shows that under some circum-
stances bees will swarm regardless of the condition of their
brood.

Again, we are told, when bees swarm without their
queen, she being detained by entrance-guards or otherwise,
that they will soon return to their hive. But all experi-
enced bee-keepers must know that they very often scatter,
and many of them enter some other hive, unless they are
prevented from doing so. To obviate this, I aim to cover
with sheets of cotton-cloth, immediately, all hives from
which swarms are seen to start, and throw a little water
over them. If done promptly and well, very few bees will
get into the air, and, in a few minutes, the cloth may be
turned back, and the swarm will usually be found clustered
on the hive.

But in case a swarm should get out, and on their return
attempt to enter some other hive than their own, cover that
hive at once and use the smoker, if necessary, until they
cease their efforts to enter.

We are also told that when a colony has cast a first or
prime swarm, if they elect to swarm again, the second
swarm will issue in 8 or 9 days after the first swarm. This
is quite an important matter to the beginner, who accepts
it as truth ; for it may result in the loss of unlooked-for
swarms. I have found this to be wholly unreliable. My
bees hold the entire matter in supreme contempt. Young
bees often hatch almost immediately after the first swarm
goes out, and they are therefore ready to swarm again.

I will once more quote from my record of a previous

year : " Colony No. 2, June 18th, swarmed ; removed old
queen ; later in the day opened this hive and removed an-
other queen, evidently a virgin. July 20th, swarmed, re-
turned without clustering; young queen hatched; plenty
of very recent brood." Here we have queens hatching on
the same day the prime swarm issued. And, again, " Col-
ony No. 8, June 13th, swarmed; removed the old queen ;
June 17th, young queen hatched."

I could quote from my records many similar instances,
however it is not necessary to pursue the subject further.
But, in passing, I wish to emphasize the necessity of sub-
jecting all conclusions in reference to the conduct of bees
to the severe test of a long and vigilant experience before
publishing them as truths.

Bees are subject to such variable conditions that I
think any affirmations in regard to their behavior should
usually be qualified.

Again, beginners are sometimes disappointed by mis-
leading statements concerning some of our modern inven-
tions ; as, for example, the case with which swarming may
be controlled for a day or two by means of queen-traps or
entrance-guards. Just put these on hives from which swarms
are expected, and go away to town or where you please,
perhaps leaving the children to look after the bees a little,
and when you return home and have the time to spare, go
around and see if there is anything to do. Just so.

But suppose, in the meantime, several swarms issue ;
some of them will be almost certain to cluster together, and,
when they return, some hives will most likely get very few
bees, and others will get more than their share. Possibly,
too, to complicate matters further, a queen or two may be
killed by the returning bees. And, again, it occasionally
happens that a queen gets through the guard ; or a colony
may swarm that is not expected to do so, or a swarm from
another apiary may come along and unite with your bees,
and then off to the woods they all go together.

The serene bee-keeper, when he returns, may feel that
the thing was a great success, being ignorant of what had
transpired in his absence ; but later, in all probability, he
will come to the conclusion that bees do not pay.

Some time ago a very well known bee-keeper and con-
tributor to bee-papers, wrote an article in which he set forth
the merits of the Manum swarm-catcher, and expatiated
upon the ease and certainty with which swarms could be
managed by its use. I have not the article before me, but
I recollect that the gist of it is : That with two or three
poles, the longest being 20 feet— to meet, Isn-ppose, exireitie
cases — any one could readily control the situation. Now, I
had one of these catchers, but I had not used it very often.
On reading the mentioned article, however, I resolved to try
it again. This man must know what he is talking about,
thought I ; the fault must have been mine, if it had not al-
ways accomplished for me as much as he claimed for it.

An opportunity soon came. I do not intend to allow
any swarms to cluster with their queens, but it sometimes
happens, nevertheless. One day a swarm came out which I
had reason to think might have a queen with them. They
alighted on a limb of a tree, and I noticed that they chose
a rather lofty location. But, nothing daunted, I went for my
catcher, and with heroic confidence I raised the machine on
high. But the swarm, for some inexplicable reason, did
not deign to notice it. I raised it still higher ; I held it at
arm's length, still those unorthodox bees stubbornly refused
to tumble into it. What could it mean ? I paused to con-
sider. I had confidence in my author; he said the thing
would work, and I was bound to believe it.

After awhile I was aroused from my reflections by my
neighbor across the street, calling to me and asking what I
was trying to do there. I told him I was going to take
down that swarm of bees. "Humph," said he, "pretty
high up, aren't they ? Look here, I have an extension lad-
der, better come and get it ; I will help you ; possibly by its
aid you may be able to reach them."

"Reach them," I repeated to myself. Could it be pos-
sible that was the trouble ? I stuck the end of the 20-foot
pole in the ground and stepped to one side to take observa-
tions. Sure enough, the catcher did not appear to reach
them. According to my view there appeared to be an in-
terval of 25 feet or more between the catcher and the bees.
Still I was not convinced. It is unwise to form opinions
hastily. This might be another instance of " locality."

However, as a solution of the problem seemed hopeless
at this time, and as I had some fears that the bees might
become discouraged and fly away, I resolved to take my
neighbor's advice and try the ladder. Accordingly I pro-
cured it. After drawing it out to its full length, and climb-

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

583

ing on to a lirab above it, I managed to reach the cluster
with the catcher.

When all was over, I sat down to meditate, and, as a
result, I finally came to the conclusion that it is impossible
to reach a swarm of bees SO feet from the ground with a 20-
foot pole, simpl)'. And, I also concluded that the man who
wrote that article either never saw a tree over 25 feet
higJi or else ignored the fact that trees do sometimes grow
higher.

Now, I wish to say right here, that I think theManum
swarm-catcher is an excellent device, and worth all it costs ;
but it will not reach swarms in the tops of high trees. And,
as to the entrance-guards previously referred to, I hardly
know what I should do without them. They do not, by any
means, take the place of the bee-keeper's watchful eye, but
I find them a great help.

No one appreciates useful inventions more than I do.

All goes to show how easy it is to make misleading
statements, and how necessary it is, for those who aspire to
the position of teachers, to weigh carefully everything they
say ; to look all around the subject, or else admit their view
is only a partial one! and must not be expected to apply to
all conditions. It is only natural that beginners should
look to experienced writers for reliable information. And
this very fact is apt, for the time, to dwarf their own nat-
ural resources, thus adding to their perplexity, in case the
instruction is inaccurate.

But I do not wish to be misunderstood as underrating
the excellent literature we have on the subject of beekeep-
ing. On the contrary, I advise all who expect to be success-
ful with bees to read it. We owe much to our able writers,
but they should not forget that they also owe something to
their readers. And I think we have reason to complain
that they, too, often speak without due consideration.

To sum up, I would advise beginners in bee-keeping to
get a good book on the subject, but do not expect it to be
infallible. You will get much from it, but you must have
practical experience.

Do not invest in more than two or three colonies at
first. You will have enough to do to handle them properly
the first season. Keep a record of every colony. You must
know what is going on in each hive from day to day, if
you expect to make a success of bee-keeping.

To writers on the subject, I would respectfully suggest
that it might be better to give their experience only, and
not carelessly repeat what others have as carelessly said,
and thus help to hand down palpable errors, which, from
necessity, must be very confusing to beginners.

[ Our Bee-Keepin$ Sisters ]

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Likes Bee-Work— Bee-Sting-s for Rheumatism.

I think the Sisters department is splendid. I had no
idea so many women were doing' as I have done. I have
taken care of bees for seven years, and now have 40 colo-
nies! In some years I have better success than others, but I
am never without honey. I work only for comb honey. I
started to take honey off the middle of June, and have taken
several hundred pounds since then. I got 20 cents for the
first, but only get 12'2 cents now. I never saw honey come
in so fast. White clover was full of bloom. I will have
several hundred pounds to sell. I have hived 39 swarms,
and have traded swarms for hives.

I love to take care of my bees. All the help I have is
from my girls, aged 14 and 10 years. I lost my only boy
last January. My, how I miss him ! He was such a help.
It seems hard to do without him.

I live on a small farm, and have to rent the ground out.
I do not receive much from it. I manage to get along with
the help of the bees and chickens. I would like to hear
from those who have tried to get the eggs to hatch in the
hives. I did not have faith in it, although I would like ever
so well to have an incubator, as I raise several hundred
chickens every year, and the bees would be a cheap kind, if
it worked all right.

I noticed, in the last Bee Journal, something about bee-
stings for rheumatism. Irwas crippled up real badly last

spring when I started to work with my bees, and I can say
I feel it no more.

A lady from New York tells, on page 488, about how
they used to take off the honey with the sulphur stick. I
have heard my father tell about doing the same way.

I have written quite a good deal, and have not given any
advice, nor asked any questions. There is lots for me to
learn, and I find out something new quite often.

I think that a cake of sugar candy put over the frames
in the fall keeps the bees from having dysentery in the
spring. I winter my bees on the summer stands, putting
leaves in the super. I have had good success in wintering
them in that way. I wish I had things as convenient as I
see they have in some of the pictures of apiaries given in
the American Bee Journal. I need a honey-house very
badly, and would like to have as many more bees as I have.
I hope some day to have them.

I think the editor will have to give us more room. I
enjoy reading the paper, especially the Sisters department.

Page Co., Iowa, Aug. 4. Inez J. Henry.

A Sister's EncouFaging' Word.

My Dear Miss Wilson :— I will now do what I have
often felt like doing— tell you how much I appreciate your
department in the American Bee Journal. I think it is well
conducted, and when I recommend a bee-paper to a sister
bee-keeper, I always add to my warm approval of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal the fact that it has a department especially
for women, conducted by a woman whose experience and
ability is unquestioned. Such a recommend goes by this
mail to Portland, Maine.

When I began bee-keeping, 19 years ago. Gleanings in
Bee-Culture had a number of wonen correspondents, the
best remembered being Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Chaddock, and
Mrs. Axtell. They were good, helpful writers, and I always
felt an inspiration to go on with my work after reading
their articles. Working entirely alone as I have always
had to do, I did not have the comfort and pleasure of talk-
ing over my work with any one, so naturally the bee-papers
were more to me than instructive — they were communica-
tions from friends with mutual interests, and I soon had
my favorites, and felt as if I knew them ; and, by the way,
is not this one of the best things about conventions, that
we meet these friends we have learned to admire ?

I heartily wish you success, and a continuance of your
work. S. M. Stow.

Cook Co., 111., May 22.

Trouble with Swarms Deserting-.

I had some trouble with my bees, and would like some
information. In July they swarmed, and I hived them, but
the following day they left the hive and settled on an old
barrel. I hived them again, but there is not a third of a
colony in the hive now. July 7, the old colony sent out
another swarm, which I hived without a bit of trouble, but
to-day I looked in the hive and found only a handful of
bees. Both hives were clean, and I can not understand why
they leave, as they were both large swarms. I am very
sorry, for I am anxious to get a start in bees.

I enjoy reading the American Bee Journal, and want to
try to get some of my neighbors to subscribe for it.

I shall be very glad to receive advice from some one
who has had more experience than I have.

Cherokee Co., Kans., July 11. Anna Shcps.

Answer.— I think if you try giving them a frame of
brood when you hive them you will have no further trouble.
I never knew them to desert when given brood-
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush, by Prof. A. J. Cook ;
44 pages ; price, postpaid, 30 cents. This is by the same
author as " The Bee-Keepers' Guide," and is most valuable
to all who are interested in the product of our sugar-maples.
No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without
it. Order from the office of the American Bee Journal.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Busclibauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

584

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAC.

Sept. 10, 1903.

(

Nasty's Afterrhoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

" NO BND IN SIGHT " TO MANY QUBSTIONS.

No end in sig^ht to the subject of queen-rearing-, says
Mr. Alley. No end in sig-ht to the silver question, says Mr.
Bryan. No end in sight to the race question, says Mr. Wash-
ington. Good many things in the world not easy to get fin-
ished and filed away and ticketed. Page 440.

THE FOOI,-PROOF FRAME.

Here's one " feller " who hardly knows how the

fool-proof frame operates. To be impervious to the fool
and keep him from getting into his hive might be one way

Box-hive under a higher title. If, on the other hand,

it keeps its manipulators from becoming fools, that's a
more important thing. Must have it, some of us. Page 446.

HONEY-ADUWBRATION DECREASING .IN ILLINOIS.

It's cheerful and good speed in the right path for three
years that they, report in Illinois. Adulterated honey not
easy to find now. Three years ago one-third of it was such.
This is good of itself, and also good as a sermon. Those
weak-hearted brethren elsewhere who always are saying,
"You can't do anything about it," should listen to the ser-
mon, and brace up to overthrow this evil and others. Paee
452.

FEEDING GLDCOSE NOT A SUCCESS.

As to the naughtiness of feeding bees glucose to make
them fill sections, I suppose we have most of us been de-
claring that to be an impossible sin. Still, it's pleasant to
have such strong support as Inspector France brings us on
page 453. He finds that even famished bees will not take
such feed until it is made nearly half honey, and then only
enough for present use.

GETTING BEES OFF COMBS — FORCED SWARMING.

Ah, Mr. C. Davenport is a hitter also in getting bees
off from the combs. We have a tribe of the Hittites same
as they had of old. Perhaps it's because we have seldom
felt any ?ieed of anything beyond our own practice that has
kept some of the rest of us from being hitters.

And forced swarming not likely to turn the bee-world
upside down — is the prophecy of one of its chief prophets.
—Page 453.

LETTING BEST CAPPERS DO THE CAPPING.

Yes, here's a new kink that can be practiced to some
small extent, contributed by Miss Wilson. If you have bees
that gather honey well but cap it so as to look abominably,
also bees that cap well, something has been done in the
line of making the latter do the capping for the former.
Page 455.

RETURNING SWARMS.

I'm quite interested to see that Dr. Miller thinks that
it's practical to return all swarms, prime and all, directly to
the hive. I've done that way quite a bit, but only as a sort
of dire extremity. More practical with few colonies than
with many, I should say. Or, perhaps, many colonies and
only a few actually swarming at any one time, would be the
most hopeful ; for then you'd expect to be on hand most of
the time. You see, it takes so many operations, and the
chances of escape become so numerous, that though gen-
erous of your time and labor you don't save the bees. If I
ran 10 colonies that way, and had three of them actually
unbroken at the end, I should think I had done tolerably
well. Not that the seven have all sent bees to the woods,
but they are not where they should be. Sometimes they
will omit swarming for one day ; but infrequently they'll
try you twice in a day. And when they fly 20 minutes be-
fore doing anything with themselves, it takes one's time in
big slices. Page 457.

THE OLD 4-PIECE A GOOD SECTION.
It would be a curious result if the 4-piece section should
come back to us willy-nilly on account of the extermination
of basswood. Could bear it without groaning, as the 4-piece
section was a good section. Page 467.

can't SWALLOW THE ONION THEORY.

Is it exactly the thing for a bee-journal to print without
protest that the juice of a roasted onion on a sting has been
known to save life ? Say rather that it did no harm, pos-
sibly a trifle of good — and the person lived. Perhaps I'm
hard on onions. My doctrine is that, like the boy's pins,
thev save thousands of lives. Same method — by not eating
them. Page 468.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

After Effects of Too Many Bee-Stings.

ture:

On page 500, the following is copied from Gleanings in Bee-Cul-

" It behooves us all to be careful not to get any more stings than
is absolutely necessary, for the effect of the accumulated poison may
be serious in its effects in after years, as it was in the case of Lang-
stroth and some others."

Now, 1 would like to know what were those after effects of which
Mr. Root speaks.

When I began keeping bees, l.S years ago, a sting in oue of my
fingers would make my whole hand and arm swell, while now I can
stand a dozen stings without much discomfort. I am working with
my bees now without gloves, and have not tried particularly to avoid
stings, as I have been desirous of becoming immune as much as pos-
sible; so if it should happen that I should get a large number of stings
they would not affect me too much.

If there are possible effects, of which I had not heard before, then
it would he better for me to be more careful to avoid stings than I
have been.

It may' be there are other bee-keepers who are as ignorant as I am
of the after effects of bee-stings, and will be interested in your an-
swer. MlSSOCRI.

Answer. — Mr. Langstroth was subject to fits of mental depression,
when, for days, he would scarcely speak to any oue, and didn't want
to touch or even think of bees. My private opinion is, that bee-stings
had nothing whatever to do with the case, and I don't believe you
need feel unnecessarily alarmed. I've been accumulating stings for
the past 43 years, and if the effect is ever to be serious it ought soon
to be apparent. But except when I'm dead tired from overwork I'm
yet about as cheerful a youth as you generally meet.

Top and Bottom Section-Starters— Feeding for Winter.

1. Why do you use top and bottom starters? (See page 142 of
your book). Would one that almost filled the section do just as well
for home market? Time would be saved in cutting and putting in.

2. Will bees cap and finish supers any quicker if there are two on
the hive instead of three? That is, if you had three on — two they had
just started to cap, and one on top they had begun in? Now, if you
take off the top oue will they finish the others sooner?

3. Will bees put dark and light honey iu the same cell? I have
been told they would not. I mean, if they were working on white
clover, and did not get enough to fill the cells, and buckwheat came
on, would they put it on top of the clover honey?

4. In feeding for winter we are told ( A B C of Bee-Culture) to find
out how much the bees need, and feed them that amount of sugar and
water. If I feed 20 pounds of sugar and water will it make 20 pounds
of stores for winter; If a 10-frame hive were without any honey,
how much sugar would it take to carry them through the winter?

5. I have one super that has a tew cells of pollen in every section.
What is the cause, and how can I prevent it '.

«. Can a super (that is, on top of ahivet full of young bees be
given to another colony without any fighting? Would it be a good
idea to take from a strong one and give to a weak one?

7. How would it work to use the same depth of bottom-board
under frames ("3) in winter, and close the entrance down to ^^ inch
by a strip of wood tor out-door wintering? What size entrance would
you use here? Massachusetts.

Answers. — 1. Even for the home market I should prefer the bot-
tom starter. It makes a nicer looking section. I'nless a single starter
comes down so far that it is likely to sag, some of the sections, espe-
cially when honey is coming in slowly, will uot be built down to the
bottom. Although the bottom starter is original with me, I don't be-
lieve I'm sufUciently prejudiced in its favor to stand the extra trouble
unless there were a sufficient gain to pay for it.

2. Yes, if you take off that top one they will be likely to cap the
other two sooner. But if honey is yielding, and there are bees enough
to crowd the three, you may find bad work from crowding in the two.
I had some experience in that line this year, having only three or four
supers on when these were so nearly filled that the bees had not room
enough (although an empty super was on tup, but they don't get so

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

585

ruadily started on top as below), and they built burr-combs and built
ou the separators, making waste, and injuring the appearance o( the
sections.

3. Don't trust them. They'll put whatever they get in any cell
that is not full.

4. No; 'M pounds of sugar and water, half and half, wouldn't
make "20 pounds of stores, only about 14. Count 10 pounds of bugar
to equal about U pounds of honey, no matter how much water is u.sed.

Use about '.}•-' pounds of sugar for the lO-frame colony.
■ 5. Thai's one of the things I've never been able to find out, why
one colony will have pollen in its sections when others exactly like it
will have none. Shallow hives make a tendency to more pollen in
sections, and if the queen lays in the super, that will make more pol-
len there, but there are still occasional cases which I don't know how
to account for.

G. It can be safely done, but is not generally advisable.

7. It would be all right. Deeper than "s would be still better for
the bottom-board, but I would not *are to have the entrance more
than •'.,, and perhaps not more than 4 inches wide.

Don't be worried about troubling me with questions. Yours are
so neatly and clearly given that it's a pleasure to answer them.

Queen Questions— Putting on Supers-Tobacco-Smoke.

3.
good?

10

11

Can queen-bees sting*

Do they always mate with a drone in the air?

It the virgin queen had her wings clipped would she be any

When is the best time to clip her wing?

Can workers lay ?

Will the queen go up in the top part of the hive to lay ?

When should top supers be put on '.

Will the bees store honey above while there is room below ?

Are the brood and honey put in different combs below ?

. Where will I find the brood when I want to divide a colony?

. W'ill tobacco-smoke kill bees? Nebraska.

Answers. — 1. Yes, indeed, but they'll not sting you. One queen
will sting another, and, as a very rare thing, a queen may sting a
worker.

2. Y'es.

3. No, unless so little were taken off the wing that she could still
fly.

4. The first time it is convenient to get hold of her after she begins
to lay. In the spring make a general going over to clip any that came
from superseding the previous tall.

5. Not as a rule; but when a colony has been queenless along
time they may undertake the business, and then we have the pest
called laying workers.

6. Sometimes.

7. When the harvest begins, or a little before it. Generally you
will find bits of white wax on the top-bar and upper part of the combs
at about the time to put on supers.

S. Generally not.

9. No.

10. In the brood-chamber.

11. No.

A book of instruction about bees would be worth to you many
times its cost.

Building Up Weal( Colonies— Removing Supers of Honey.

1. Advise me how to make a weak colony strong. Is it a good
plan to put two swarms together?

2. What is the best way to take supers of honey from the hive?

Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Early enough in the season there's no better plan
than to let them build up and grow. Later they can be aided by
frames of sealed brood from other colonies. It is also a good plan to
unite two or more weak swarms, but it is better to prevent all swarms
after the first.

2. To give full particulars as to the whole of taking off honey
would go beyond the limits of this department, these being given in
your book of instructions on bee-keeping; but if you will mention
any particular point that is not clearly understood in your text-book,
I'll be glad to answer in full.

Crating and Shipping Comb Hon'^y— Keeping Ants
Away from Honey.

1. Please give instructions how to crate and ship comb honey.

2. How do you keep ants from getting on it? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. When you get the shipping-cases that are now fur-
nished by supply-dealers you will hardly need instructions for using
them, for you can hardly case the sections wrong, they being so
placed that one row comes directly against the glass so as to show the
face of the honey. It is of first importance that this row next the
glass be a fair sample of the whole case, for the man who veneers
by putting next the glass the best, and inferior honey back of it, will
in the long run be the loser by it.

Unless there be so large a quantity of honey that it can be fastened
solid in the car, it should be put in the crates sold by some supply-
dealers, the crates so placed that the emls of the sections shall bi- to-
wards the front and rear, so as to stand the bumping of the cars. On

the contrary, if the sections are hauled on a wagon, they should be
placed crosswise. .

2. While the honey is on the hives the bees will keep the ants
away, but ants are sometimes very troublesome in the house. A
small quantity of honey can be kept from them by having it placed on
some kind of a platform with feet resting in cans or dishes kept filled
with water or oil. That is not so convenient with large quantities,
and aggressive rather than protective measures must be taken. Dishes
may be set containing poison of some kind mixed in thinned honey.
If you can trace them to their holes, pour gasoline or bisulphide of
carbon into the holes, and cover up.

Uniting Colonies-Care of Combs.

I have 50 colonies of bees in dovetailed hives, and want to
keep but 35, spring count. How and when can I double them up ?
What should I do with the frames of larvae, and honey? And how to
keep the frames of comb during the winter? Tennessee.

Answer. — Better wait until next spring to unite. If you unite
this fall, there may be some casualties in winter, and you would not
then have your 25 in spring. Even if you are sure of no winter losses
in your mild climate, there are advantages in waiting till spring.
There will be no question about care of combs through the winter,
and by doubling .50 full colonies in the spring you are likely to have
25 stronger colonies than if the doubling were done in the fall ; and '25
very strong colonies will take no more care than 25 weaker ones, and
will store more surplus.

If there are any points not made entirely clear in your book about
uniting in spring, send ou all the questions you like, and I will cheer-
fully answer them — if I can.

Extracting and then Feeding Sugar -Does Sliaking a
Queen Off the Comb Injure Her?

1. Will it pay to extract from the brood-chamber and feed sugar
worth Scents a pound, when honey is worth 10 cents?

2. Can I depend upon getting most of what is fed stored in the
combs?

3. Would it kill a young queen that just started to lay, to shake
her off the comb ou the ground? I think I stopped one from laying
in that way. Canada.

Answers. — 1. 1 don't know. In some cases it might, in others
not.

2. I'm not sure that I get exactly the drift of your question. Of
course, whatever is fed to the bees will be stored somewhere, with the
exception of what the bees consume for their own use, and so it may
be expected to be stored in the brood-chamber so long as there is room
there. After cramming the brood-chamber, the bees would store any
further surplus in the upper story, but, of course, you would not want
sugar to be stored to sell as honey.

3. It is not likely that a queen would be at all injured by being
shaken upon the ground from a comb held at the usual height. There
may have been some other reason for the cessation of laying in the
case you mentioned.

Queenless and Queen-Right Colony.

1. Will a queenless colony of bees carry in pollen in this State as
late in the season as Aug. 17?

2. How can a person tell that bees are queenless if he can not
look into the hive?

3. If a colony has a queen will there be brood and eggs in the
comb at this time of year! Maine.

Answers. — 1. A queenless colony may carry in pollen at^any time
in the season when pollen is to be found. But after they have been
queenless for some time, they accumulate a surplus of pollen, and are
then likely to carry in little or no pollen.

2. It you find a colony carrying in little or no pollen when others
are carrying in big loads, you may suspect queenlessness; but the
sure way is to look into the hive.

3. In your region you may expect queens to continue laying
throughout September,"but in some cases they may cease before the
month has advanced much.

Does Returning Swarms Make Too Big Colonies for
Wintering?

I am keeping bees for the first time, and consequently I have
very much to learn about them. 1 started last spring with 2 colonies,
and have increased to 7, besides gettiug 140 pounds of surplus already,
with the bees still hard at it.

What I want to ask is this: If I keep returning the swarms that
are coming off now to their parent hives, instead of establishing new
colonies, as I am advised by several writers in the American Bee Jour-
nal, will not such parent colonies become so populous that the 8-
frame dovetailed hive cannot contaiu enough honey in order to in-
sure sufficient stores for them for winter ? It so, what would be best
to do? Iowa.

Answer. —No, you can never have more than the progeny of one
queen in the hive, no matter how many times you return the swarm.

586

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

and those bees that you return will practically all die off before win-
ter, so the number of bees in the hive in winter will be little ailected
by returning the swarms. All the same, it needs a sharp lookout,
whether you return swarms or not, to see that bees in an 8- frame hive
have plenty of stores for winter. Save up some frames of sealed honey
to give needy colonies. If you don't need them this fall, you may be
very glad of them next spring.

English Standard Brood-Prame.

What is the size of the English standard brood-frame? and how
many frames to a standard hive? Maine.

Answer. — nxSJ-^ik^id 10 or 11 are usually used in a hive.

Keeping ComD Foundation— Vetch for Bees.

My questionsj mayi be foolish, but I am a foolish bee-keeper; I
don't know much, but one thing I Know is, that I have the bees and
have to handle them. During the month of April we had a freeze
that put my bees back, but they are coming out all right now. I have
9 colonies.

There are a few bee-keepers around here that use old boxes and
logs for hives, but I can not make them hear when talking to them
about subscribing for the American Bee Journal, or using good hives.

I am going to study " Forty Tears Among the Bees."

1. If I order more foundation than I use, how can I keep it from
spoiling?

3. Do I have to have tools that are made for the purpose of fast-
ening it in?

3. What about vetch for bees? I enclose a few seeds. Should It
be sowed with rye, or what would be best? Missouri.

Answers. — 1. I hardly know what you can do with it that it will
not keep, unless you put it in an oven where it will melt, or spread it
out in the sun and rain (or a year. Just keep it covered up wherever
it is convenient. Even if you have it tilled into sections, keep them
where they will be dry and nice, and they will be all right. Although
bees take hold of fresh foundation a little more readily than that which
has been kept over, there isn't much difference. But if you leave it
on the hives in the fall, when no honey is coming in, it may become
60 bad that bees will not touch it next year.

2. It will probably pay you to get a foundation fastener, although
you can get along without one.

3. I know nothing about it from personal experience. I thank
you for the seed.

Returning Swarms.

Have I done right by my bees? I got tired of their swarming so
much, so when the swarm came out I let them settle, and then went
to the hive they came from and took all the queen-cells out, and took
the swarm that was hanging on thetree and put it back in the old
hive. That settled their swarming. Is there any danger of making
them queenless? I do not clip my queens, as they are so hard to find.
I keep from 50 to TO colonies. Wisconsin.

Answer. — You need not fear queenlessness, for the bees would
not swarm without a queen, which would still be left when all cells
were destroyed.

fldels * HARD RECORD TO BEAT * flflels

My father has ad Adel colcDj that stored 75 pounds section honey. It cast a swarm that has
filled nine 24-pi)ucd tufeis up lo date— 19C3. I am ready to back up this statement.

F. R. KozAK, Maquoketa, Iowa.
I got 210 ] pound sections frtm one Adel colony. Another has filled 8 supers, and I expect 2
more supers this year ficm same colony. J. C. Oidenberg, Belleplaine, Minn.

One Queen and "Impioved Queen-Rearing," $1.S0. Send for 16-page Catalog.
30Atf HENRY ALLEY, Wenham, MASS.

By man of 20
years' espe-

Position Wanted '.

APIARIST AND POULTRYMAN. A 1 reference
given. Address, Americsn Bee Journal.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, Ill.I

WE WANT WORKERS

BOYS

! tnmbhc .
Send DS 10c Itunps or slWer for foil liistroctfont aod a line of
»mple.to-orkwitli. URAPFR PIIRMSHINO CO..Chlun.lll

A 5TANDARD=BRED

QUEEI-BEE FEEE

To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advauce 'Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during- 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queensthat they can possibly rear— well worth $1.00 each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have atleast one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us SI. 00 and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these tine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

^Please Mention the Bee Journallwhenlwritins: Advertisers.

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

587

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an equallv good map of the world. Statistics on the population, cities, capitals, rivers, mountains, products, business, etc., a veritable photo-
graph of the UNITED STATES AND WORLD.

The map is printed on heavj' map paper and is mounted on sticks ready to hang. Edges are bound with tape.

1901 EI>IXIO:V. — Every reader should c-»««sult it every day. The plates show all the new railroad lines and exten-
sions, county changes, etc. Especial attention is given to th^ 'opograpby of the country ; all the principal rivers and lakes, mountain ranges
and peaks are plainly indicated. The leading cities and towns are shown, special attention being given to those along lines of railroads. The
Canadian section of the map gives the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia, with nearly all of Quebec and New Brunswick,
the county divisions being clearly marked. The Southern portion of the map includes the Northern States of the Republic of Mexico, and the
Bahama Islands.

On I lie reverse side is the l.ibrary Itlap of the World. The largest and most accurate map on Mercator's Projection
ever produced. The political divisions are correctly defined and beautifully outlined in colors. The ocean currents are clearly shown and
named. Ocean steamship lines with distances between important ports are given. A marginal index of letters and figures enables one easily to
locate every country in the world. A series of short articles in alphabetical order is printed around the border of this map in large, clear type,
containing valuable information concerning agricultural, mining, and manufacturing statistics, also the value of imports and exports in dollars.
The area, population, form of government, and chief executive of every country in the world is given up to date, also the names of the capitals
and their population. Xhe Inset Maps are elegantly engraved and printed in colors. They are placed in convenient positions around the
United States map, and will be invaluable to every person desiring a plain understanding of our possessions. An inset map of China on the
World side of map adds to its value.

yl^- Two maps on one sheet, all for only $1.50, sent by mail or prepaid express ; or we will

forward it free as a premium for sending us Three New Subscribers at $1.00 each ; or for $2.00 we will send the Map and
the American Bee Journal for one year. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

566

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

TDoosands ot Hives ■■ Millions ot Secilons

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Bees-

paid for Beeswax. W ^i^'ceZri^^i^i

r***** *^-'* a-^^i'^i'4-r TT 9^.rm.» ♦ CASH— for best yel-
low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Dittmer's Foundation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

tbe thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other malie.

Working M'ax into Foundaition for Casli a. Specialty. Beesfirax
al\i^ays "wanted at highest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

Sole Aeents for Canada.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Everything i

FOR BEES... i

KRETCtiMhK .Vii Q. CO.,

Red Oak, Iowa.

Catalog: with hundreds of •?
NEW illustrations FREE to 7«
bee keepers. Write for it now Jj

AGENCIES:

Foster Lumber Co.,

Lamar, Colo.
Trester Supply Co., Q

Lincoln, Nebraska, a
Shug-art & Ouren,

Council Bluffs, Iowa.
J, W. Bittenbender,

Kno.xville, Iowa.

Please mention Bee journal when wntine

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

iVl. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

wnCCr mUNCf and easy to make
If you work for us. We will start you In
.bUslneBS and fumlBh the capital. Work
|llght and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of Bamples and particulars.
DKAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, lllf.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee= Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

ueo journal wiieu writing'

Qneens M Ready to Supply m Return Mall

Stocli wiiich cannot be excelled. Eacii variety bred in separate apiaries,

from selected motiiers ; have proven tiieir qualities as great honey-gatiierers.

/^^-.|J^_.,_ I -d- ^< I S «■ »« <-. Have no superior, and few equals. Untested,

VjOIUen llallcinS 7S cents ;& for S4.00.

whicii left all records beliind in honey-
gatiiering. Untested, $1.00; 6 for $5.00.

/~* -, ».*^ «/-kI «3 «^ <? — They are so highly recommended, being more gentle

WCirmUlcind than aU others. Untested, $1.00.

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Red Clover Queens,

G. H. W. WEBER,

2146-2148 Central Avenue,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

to Chas. F. Muth and A. Muth.)

Please Mentioii the Bee Jonroal ^^^^'•"i^g

C

Beedom Boiled Down

J

Advertisers <

Bee°Stealing at Denver.

In the past Denver bee-keepers have been
occasionally annoyed by the theft of a hive of
bees or its stores, but never before, to my
knowledge, has any one undertaken to make
an extensive start in bee-keeping by wholesale
stealing of bees. Such, however, was the
plan adopted by .John S. Hayes and wife, a
newly married couple living in Denver.

Suspicion was first aroused by the fact tha'
his apiary, which consisted of one colony
about March 1, increased at the rate of one .
colony every Sunday morning, until he had
eight. All these were in bright red hives of
his own manufacture. At this stage he pur-
chased a few weak colonies and a lot of emptj-
hives, which he placed in his yard to repre-
sent colonies, and lo, the red hives went for
kindling. Then he began to increase much
faster. He had a hive to set the stolen bees
into. The stolen hives and frames that could
be identified by their owner made an excel-
lent tire.

On Saturday, June 6, I discovered five colo-
nies missing at :ny out-apiary— the best in the
lot. I immediately thought I knew where my
bees had gone, and I resolved to use a little
strategy to prove the truth of my suspicions
and at the same time apprehend the thieves.
I at once saw tlie bee-inspector of Denver
county, and arranged with him to inspect the
suspected apiary early Monday morning. It
was also arranged that after he got to work I
would happen along on my wheel and drop
in for a bee-chat, which I did, and the strata-
gem worked very nicely.

The woman had the audacity to ask me if I
had had any bees stolen. I replied that I had
seen mine the week before, and thai they
were all right at that time, which they were.

I could only identify one hive which stood
on the stand. The inspector told them he
had to inspect all hives and combs for foul
brood, so we got to see all that were in sight.
We had noticed a small room on the back of
the lot, which was locked up.

The inspector asked, "What is in here ?"

" Oh, there isn't anything pertaining to
bees in there."

"Well," the inspector said, " open it, I
want to see."

The man obeyed, and, behold, there were
two of my hives, empty, along with a quan-
tity of others. I made no claim to them, nor
said anything in regard to what I had seen. I
was just thinking howl could get a warrant
before they got suspicious and burned up my
evidence. I finally got a policeman to watch
while I went for the warrant.

I had both man and wife arrested, and made
them tell where the bees were that belonged
in the two empty hives we found locked up.
He had transferred them to his own hives,
and he showed us which ones. The constable
marked them as my property and let them set
there, but nailed up the hive ot bees that was
standing outside, and took it and tbe empty
hives right along to court with the prisoners.

While the policeman was watching them
they thought something was going to happen.
He took the ax and went to work with a will
on hives and frames, and she carried the stuff
in and fed the stove.

John Bouchenheimer, also, had them both
arrested the same afternoon for stealing two
colonies from him. They both gave bonds
that evening, and went home and began put-
ting things in better shape (for them I. They
moved five colonies away after dark, which
were later located with a search warrant, and
identified by a rancher who had only live col-
onies, and they were selfish enough to take
them all. The ranchman finally got tired and
dropped his suit. Others that lost one or two
wouldn't prosecute them, tor they said the
time they would lose would be worth more
than the bees. The accused appeared the
next morning for trial and asked for a con-
tinuance until Thursday morning to prepare
their defense, which was granted. The case

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

589

The Novelty Pocket= Knife.

Your Name and Address on one 5Jde— Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEEp

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i'^oll Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbea orderiug^, be sure to say just what name and
address you wish put on the Kalle.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a aovelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g'tass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forged out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining-s are plate brass;
the back spring-s of Sheffield spriag--steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usagre.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a grood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having" name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destrov the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the ■' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and ifi
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting- memento could a mother
g'ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on oae side ?

The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thls^eautiful kuife, as th^ " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Yaluable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \ hkee new scbscribers to the Bee Journal (with $-"*.'».) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO,

4ar*Please allor" ''bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tilled.

Chicago, 111

Sections, SliipDina-Gases,
Honeu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If jon are Interested in Sheep in any way
yoa cannot afford to be without the beat
Sheep Paper published in the United Statu.

Wool Markets and Slieep

has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and
his industry, first,foremost and all the time.
Are yon interested ? Write to-day.

WBOL WARKETS AMD SHEtP. CHICABQ. III.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

-sent you with the first 85 you
art you in a good payinR i)UBi-
10 cents for full line of samples
,d directions how to begriii.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicigs, Ills.

5T9J
take i
anddi
DRAI

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Your Line Fence

should alwavs be PAGE. It's fo much stroneer.
PAOE WOVKX niKl'; FKNCE CO., Adrian, Mich.

BEE=SUPPLIES!

ETerything used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S.POUDER.

SI2L MASS. AVC> INOUHAMLIS.MD.

B

INGHAN'S PATENT

T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell, iWlch

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS i« g'v«- •

Steklin-g, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out-work-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, vchile the ordinary starve.
Mutli Strain Qolden Italians — None Superior. .•. Carniolans — None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each : t. for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1,00 each; 6 for S.Oo 1 Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy., $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co,,

Front and Walnut,

CINCI MINI ATI, OHIO.

was called Thursday morning and I put in my
prosecuting Bvidence.

I tool! in a liive which was a duplicate of
the stolen ones ra Root Colorado portico),
and showfil my markings. Under the hand-
hold was a number stenciled on which they
had scraped and battered with a hammer, and
then given a daub of paint and a new marl<-
ing. But up under the top of the portico I
had stenciled in inch letters F. H. H., which
they evidently had not seen, for there it was
and had Iwen for three years. I also had the
inspector for a witness, the constable as to
the finding and where, the lady that lives on
our ranch, where the bees were stolen from,
showing that the prisoners were there looking
the location over a few days before taking
them, and some of the best bee-keepers we
have as expert testimony as to the value of a
picked number of colonies at that season.

They did not make any defense; did not go
on the witness stand at all, but their attorney
asked for a petit larceny charge. My attor-
neys asked to have them both bound over to
the district court for grand larceny.

In my attorney's plea he said in part : " The
fact that five colonies were stolen at the same
time, although I could only identify three,
showed without a doubt that they took five,
and that it was unusual to find all the stolen
property in a thief's possession when making
a search." He said: "Look at them! They
show plainly what they are. They won't
work for a living like honest people, but steal
they will. But if stealing be their bent, why,
O why, will they steal the busy bee;''

The justice took it under advisement for
two days and then decided to discharge the
wife and bind the husband over for grand
larceny. The wife had an equity in some
property where she lived, so she was accepted
as bondsman for her husband's appearance.

I then got back the three colonies that I
had identified.

Aside from this, they were both under .$100
bonds on the Bouchenheimer charge. That
case was called soon after, but they did not
appear for trial, so the court declared the
bond forfeited.

The district called my case for trial and
they did not appear there, either, so that bond
was declared forfeited, too.

As near as I can find out they did not have
much reputation to lose, but what little they
might have had is gone, the bees are gone,
their equity in a home is gone, and they are
fugitives from justice. Verily the way of the
transgressor is hard.

Now, just a word as to organization, both
local and national. It is pretty generally
known that Colorado bee-keepers have a
pretty strong State Association, and we also
have the Denver Bee-Keepers' Association,
which is pretty strong, too. They stand to-
gether for the right and the protection of
their interests. The encouragement it gives
one to be backed by such a body of brother
bee-keepers is worth many times the cost ;
Ijesides, it was remarked a number of times
that the effect of such a representation of in-
terested bee-keei)ers certainly would have con-
siderable influence with any judge. The
court-room was packed every day with Den-
ver bee-keepers, all interested and eager for
justice to be meted out to very guilty persons.
What can be accomplished locally by organi-
zation can more than be realized nationally. —
F. H. Hunt, in Rocky Mountain Bee Journal.

«50.000

„. GRAPEVINES

100 Varieties. .11m. Small Fruils, Trees, »c. Iff »t rn„t-

ed.xtOfk. Genuine, clienp. 3 sample vines mailed forHlo.

Uescriptive price-listlreo. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y.

Please "nention Bee Journal when -wrilljig.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTCU

. for Wl line of i^plfusnd i>»rticulani,

DRAPEK PUBLISHINQ CO., Cblca;o, Ills.

W7--,..^J.„^ Your address on a postal
WflrlTCQ for a little book on

FREE. ADEL QUEENS A SPECIALTY.
Address, HENRY ALLEY.

35Att WENHAM, MASS.

Please mention Bee ;ioiimai -wtien tvTitliiB

590

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

]

Best Season in 25 Years.

My bees are doing well this year. This is
the best season we have had here in 25 years.
I have 11 colonies, all strong and working
finely. They are badly mixed, no full-bloods.
I have not had one natural swarm this sum-
mer. I forced one, and that is all the increase
I have had so far, and do not want any more
swarming this year. J. L. Bader.

Coffey Co., Kans., Aug. 18.

Bad Weather for Honey.

The weather here has been so bad that our

honey crop is a failure. The bees are getting

some honey now from buckwheat, so we hope

to get along without feeding very much sugar.

J. I. Clark.

Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 24.

A Good Record.

This has been the best season here for white
honey for many years. I have taken from
one to four supers of honey from all my colo-
nies, and from one double swarm 183 pounds
of comb honey. Bees are doing well at this
date.

I think I have one experience that makes a
new record.

On Junes, I received a 3-frame nucleus with
queen. I put it in a 10-frame hive on old
comb. On June 25, I found the hive filled. I
gave them room by a super of 28 sections,
and they went right to work in them. July 4
they cast a good swarm, which I hived on
drawn comb. They have the hive well filled
at this date. So I have no reason to complain
of my red-clover queen. John Cline.

LaFayette Co., Wis., Aug. 28.

Plenty of Fall Flowers.

The bees are working nicely on the fall flow .
I got about a ton of white honey. I have had
less trouble this year than usual in loss of
queens while mating. Bees are all in fine
condition to gather nectar, if there will be a
good flow. There are plenty of fall flowers,
and I hope it will not get so hot as to dry
them up. D. C. McLeod.

Kendall Co., III., Aug. 24.

Cellar-Wintering of Bees.

My book shows that I stored 3(5 colonies of
bees in the cellar Dec. 3, 1902, counting C
three-frame nuclei as colonies. It is a large
root-cellar built under the entrance or drive-
way into the barn. The temperature of cellar
was 38 degrees, and the ground was covered
with snow. 1 have the Langstroth-Simplicity
hive, with loose bottoms. All hives are placed
on rims 2 inches deep, with wire-screens so
the bees were entirely confined all winter,
running from 34 degrees to 38 degrees, but
stood at 36 degrees the most of the time. The
ventilation was a common stove-pipe running
up through the roof, which was closed most
of the time. The cellar was quite dry, and
the bees real quiet up to March 19.

The same book shows that I put the bees
out March'lig, 20 and 22, 1903, all living, ex-

Long Tonoues ValuaBle

South as weJl as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO» Tex., Nov. 19, 1002.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:~I wish to write jou
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get hooey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am mon* than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, J4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Flease mention Bee Journal -when ■writuip

; $300,000,000.00 A YEAR

"1 you luay have part of It It you work
us. L'ncle Sam'B poultry product paye
t aum. Send 10c for Bampiee and partie
rs. We furnJBb capital to etart you in

' business. Draper Pabll8hlogC«.,Chlcago,lll
t'lease mention Bee Journal -when wiitinp.

my BEES at the very
low prices following. Good Italian Blood.
Strong colonies in 10-frame Lang-stroth Sira-
pUcity and Dovetailed Hives, wiih honey for
winter. All perfectly healthy and excellent
condition. Price per single hive, $4; S, at $3.50;
10, at $3.25; 20 or over, at $3. P.O. B. here, cash
with order. Reference; State Bank of Evanston.
E. E. Starkey, 112oiitnson Ave., Evanston, 111.
37Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Quec^ns,

Bc^es and Nuelei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Ofie - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeno sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Please mention Bee Journal -when -writinp;

« ll/E INVITE all readers of the Amer-

47 ■■ ICAN Bek JooRNAL who seek a col-

& lege for themselves or friends to inves-

0 tigate

I MountUnlonGoiieoe ^

0 Our motto in all departments is "Ma.x-

St imum e£6ciency at minimum cost."

§Our scholastic training is equal to the

_ best, our reputation first-class. All ex-

S penses for a year, aside from the cloth-

S ing and traveling, less than $2(10.00. Co 74

« education, health conditions, moral and Jj

jj religious influence, superior. g

j2 Send for catalog. S

M MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, 0

a Alliance, Ohio. g

eept two of the weakest nuclei were dead.
The bees in a fair to poor condition, each col-
ony having a very great percent of dead bees,
due, I presume, to the low temperature in the
cellar, causing a heavy consumption of honey,
which, in turn, increased the death-rate.

I have increased to 64 colonies, with 3000
pounds of choice honey up to date, capped
snow white, and good enough to take to the
World's Fair.

I would just as soon think of farming 160
acres in small grain without a grain-binder as
to attempt to manage 6 colonies of bees with-
out reading an up-to-date bee-paper like the
"old reliable " American Bee Journal. May
it live long with a largely increased field of
usefulness. J. W. Johnson.

Stephenson Co., 111., Aug. 1".

A Good Report.

I had a good crop of honey this year, 60 gal-
lons of extracted and 300 pounds of comb
honey from 15 colonies, spring count, and in-
creased to 42 colonies, with hives now full of
honey, and good prospects for a fall crop. I
have a good home market, and can sell it as
fast as I take it from the hives.

D. E. Andrews.

Monroe Co., Ind., Aug. 24.

Shagbark Hlckopy Bark for
SmokeF-Fuel.

It may be worth while to inform your read-
ers that the loose, dead bark of the shagbark
hickory makes excellent smoker-fuel. I have
used it the entire season, and find it more sat-
isfactory than anything else I have ever tried.
"When well lighted it gives abundance of
smoke, will not go out, is very lasting, and
makes no sooty drip. R. L. Taylor.

Lapeer Co., Mich.

Honey-Flow Keeps Up.

The honey-How keeps up, and we look for
quite a fair yield of honey in spite of it being
a backward season. Some of my colonies
have filled 5 supers, but others have not done
so well.

The price of honey started here at 10 cents
to 12'.,' cents for comb, and 7 cents for ex-
tracted. W. J. Martin.

Otero Co., Colo., Aug. 13.

Results of the Season.

The bees have been doing very well in old
Chautauqua County this season. I put 68
colonies into winter quarters, and came
through the winter with 61 colonies good and
strong. I winter them on summer stands. I
will get about 50 pounds of nice, white comb
honey per colony. Edwin Ward.

Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 18.

Poorest Season in Years.

We have had the poorest season here that
has been known for a good many years. It has
been so very cold since early last spring
that it has been Impossible for the bees
to Hy much, only for a day or two at a time,
except a part of Juno, and then it was so very
dry, and the nights were so cold that the
clover did not amount to much; and when
basswood came on it was cold, bad weather
again, so the bees Rlored but little from that

Sept. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

591

source. Since basswood stopped bloomin;^
there has been nothing, excepting the last few
days some tall (lowers, and the bees are slowly
bringinjj in nectar. There are various tall
flowers that grow in abundance in this locality,
and unless we have a decided change very soon
(and there is no prospect of it) we shall have
to feed quite heavily to prepare them for the
long winter that is before them.

We have an abundance of early spring pas-
ture, so that ail the feed they will require is
what they consume during the winter, pro-
viding wc can have good weather in the
spring. A. T. Dockham,

Todd Co\ Minn., Aug. 27.

A Good Honey Crop.

The honey crop is good in this county. I
wintered 20 colonies in the cellar, and did not
lose one ; they were all strong in the sprang.
I increased to 65, and have taken off 2000
pounds of clover and basswood honey.

Fred E. Graham.

Wood Co., Wis., Aug. 24.

First Year With Bees.

This is my first year keeping bees. I bought
5 colonies and brought them to my place last
spring; I now have 15 colonies, and they are
doing well. One colony swarmed and filled
a 12-frame brood-chamber, and I put on IS
sections, and will take them off filled on
July 30. I think that is doing well for
one colony. That same colony cut a place
through an inch board to get into the hive,
but we did not know but what there was
plenty of room for them. As soon as I found
they had cut the hole through I fixed them
all right, but the place they cut is still there.
That is the first I knew that bees were " wood-
choppers." I like to work with my bees;
they are Italians. 0. D. Edwards.

Cooper Co., Mo.. July 28.

Close Satiirdays a 1 p.m. — Our custo-
mers and friends will kindly remember that
beginning with July 1, for three months we
will close our office and bee-supply store at 1
p.m. on Saturdays. This is our usual custom.
Nearly all other firms here begin the Saturday
afternoon closing with May 1st, but we keep
open two months later on account of the local
bee-keepers who find it more convenient to
call Saturday afternoons for bee-supplies.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangrements so that we can
fHrnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the foUowin^r prices, cash with
the order:

Sib lOffi 25ft 50ft
Sweet Clorer [white).... J .75 $1.40 13.25 J6.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alslke Clover 1 .00 1.80 4.25 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

Prices snbject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to yonr order, for cartage, if
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per peund if
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A OO.

144 A. 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please meutloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Ohio.— The first annual meeting of the Ham-
ilton County (Obio) Bee-Keepers^ Association,
will be held in room 1, (Jraud Hotel, Fourth St.,
Cincinnati, on Monday evening, Sept. 14, 1903,
at 7:30 o'clock.

The annual election of officers for the ensu-
ing year will take place, and tbe reports of the
secretary and treasurer will be submitted.

Interesting addresses will be given on organ-
ization and modern bee-keeping, by expert bee-
keepers, and a discussion of subjects pertain-
ing to the general welfare of tbe faociety.

Reports ou the production of boney in various
localities are e.xpected to be furnished, and
members are requested to bring specimens of
comb and extracted honey for mutual exhibi-
tion at the meeting.

Several interesting sp*rimens of foul brood
will be shown, for the information of those
present.

The executive committee would urge that it
is the duty ot bee-keepers, in this and adjoining
counties, to become members of this Associa-
tion, as it is only by means of a strong central
organizatien ibat legislation in their interests
and the further fostering of the industry can
be accomplished, such as has lately been en-
acted in Illinois and many other States in the
Union.

The annual dues are only 50 cents a year;
each member is entitled to a copy of our new
pamphlet, iust published, entitled, "Instruc-
tions for the Successful Treatment of Foul
Brood, as Adopted by this Society."

In the event of your inability to be present,
you can have your name enrolled by sending
your dues by mail to the Secretary, which will
be duly acknowledged, and pamphlet for-
warded.

The presence of ladies, either as members or
as visitors, is respectfully solicited by tbe ex-
ecutive committee.

Silverton, Ohio. Wm. J. Gtlliland, Sec.

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^rdt)hic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rultber holder, tapering to a
i-oun«l point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances ot
great durability which are not
alfeeted by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leal< or blot.

An they make a line of uni-
foi-ni vi'idlli at all times
ihey are iineqnaled tor
ruling' purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
tiller and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

Ift.OOO Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

S.-nd TWO NEW SUBSCRIBEBa

to till American Bee Journal for
iiiir yt-ar, with $2.00; or send
^1 '.10 for the Pen and your own
?uli>^.'ription to the American
Fife .(ournal for one year; or,
fur i^l.OO we will mail the pea
alone. Address,

'"t^iTe Pe"°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MAKKKT QrOT.\TK)N"S

Chicago, Aug' ".— Cousigaments of the new
crop are cotuia^ to commission houses that
have not had honey for years past, and as there
is not any consumptive demand the v are find-
ing difficulty in disposing of it. Under such
conditions it is hardly possible to give accurate
prices, as some mercbants ask 10 cents for
honey that others hold at IS cents. The prices
given in our last quotations are asked, but feel-
ing is unsettled. iJeeswax steady at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3 00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24-section case, $2.75;
E.xtracted. white, per lb., bj^c; amber, 5!^@6c.
Beeswax, 25w'30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.— Demand for honey
improving, at 15@16c for fancy white comb;
14'al5c for No. 1; 13@14c for No. 2. Production
of honey in this vicinity is very light. This
market will have to depend on other sections
more this season than ever. Extracted honey,
TftiTJ^c for white; 6w 6(^c for mixed and buck-
wheat. Beeswax, 28m30c. H. K. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from S'A@biic,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 'i^)H'^c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16@16S^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, July 8.— Some new crop comb
honey now arriving from Florida and the South,
and fancy stock is in fair demand at 14c per
pound, and 12W13c for No. 1, with no demand
whatever for dark grades.

The market on extracted honey is in a very
unsettled condition, with prices ranging from
5(A5Hc for light amber, sfebl^c for white, and
the common Southern at fiom SCi(95Sc per gal-
lon. Beeswax steady at from 30@31c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. Aug. S.— New honey is now of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted. The
demand for honey is about as usual at this
time of the season. I made sales at the follow-
ing figures: Amber, S@5J4c; water-white al-
falfa, 65^c; fancy white clover honey. 7@T4c.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14(ai5c. Beeswax, 27@3oc. C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, July 22.— White comb honey,
H5<@13*«'c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
5'4@S c; light amber, 4Kt*5c; amber, 4K@4iic;
dark. 3Ji@4Kc. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27>i@29c; dark, 2S@26c.

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

WANTED !'='^c^<?^5;b HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Money in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings. Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY— also Beeswax. Spot cash. Address
at once, C M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

592

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 10, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
'«vi3l not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE —

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W, M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of bim and save the freig-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

S^ease mentiot Bee Journal when -wntrng.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device Is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

INVESTMENTS

IN

SOUTHERN LANDS.

Such investments are not speculative. The
South is not a new country. Market and ship-
ping facilities are adequate and first-class. The
climate is mild and favorable. Notwithstand-
ing these and other advantages, Southern lands
are selling for prices far below their real value,
and at present prices net large returns on the
investment. For a free set of circulars, Nos,
1 to 10, inclusive, concerning the possibilities of
lands in Kentucky, West Tennessee, Mississ-
ippi and Louisiana, on and near the Illinois
Central Railroad, for homeseekers and invest-
ors, address the undersigned,

ft. H. HftNSON, G. P. ft., Ghicaoo.

26A12t Please mention the Bee Journal.

I AEISE

DOOLITTLE...

is now up with orders,
so he can send Queens
from his choice houey-
gathering stock, by re-
turn mail, at the follow-
ing prices:
1 Untested Queen
3 Untested Queens.
1 Tested Queen . . .
3 Tested Queens...
1 select tested queei
3 " " Queens 4.00
Extra selected breed-
ing, the very best. .5.00

.$1.00
2.25
1.25
3.00
1.50

Circular free, giving particulars regarding
each class of Queens, conditions, etc. Address,

Q. M. DOOLITTLE,

29Dtt Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y,

Hease mention Bee Journal wben writlns

Ve.je,.ia,je,ja,y!,.xs,jfi,ja,.^i,ja,je,je»j^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26111
year

We guarantee Satisfaction. Kjr^T piRMNell^lJo'siSaiNaT''-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

^Vhv <1rtP« if «f II «n Wf^ll ? Because it has always given better satls-
Wliy UUCa IL »C11 MJ well r faction than any other. Because In as years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS *"

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, s

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill C

^^leaiiH meatioa Bee Journal wnen ■writiTip

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, wis.. July i«, 1903.
The a. I. KuoT Co., Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— I thought I would write
you a few lines in regard to the Red
Clover Queen 1 pot from you. They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 40 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.

Just think. 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
i«th. It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.

1 don't kno'
are any lonjie . . . _ .

or whether they cathered it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.

and would he glad to have you advise u
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some carties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige. Yours truly.

THE A. I. Root CO.

Spring Blupf.Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a. I. ROOT CO.. Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-dav. In regard to your question in
reference to the cappings of the honey
from these beee 1 will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
till two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. 1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and I will be glad to send you a
few.

Now. I haven't told you all their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to hand le 1
have. I could take off the sections with-
out smoke or veil without getting stung.

There are a few traits about them that
eeem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they dou't seem to w;
I will write you again in a few weeks and let you know if they fill the 144 sections,
they will. Respectfully,

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are agai
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clever and Honey Oueens.

Each,

Untested *l.«i

Tested 2.(Xi

Select Tested 3.(xi

Breed! ng $ o.(lO

SelectBreedins 7.50

Extra Select BreedinK lu.oo

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 17, 1903.

No. 38,

594

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1^03.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR.
QBOK/Ca-B -W. "YOK/IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dk-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
■is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association:

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership. SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. HrxcuiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lovelaud, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Corodino, N. Y-
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I':

J[^°° If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, b.t the ofhce of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very
tireitv ining lor a lee-keeper or honey-seller to
•^ ■* ^ » ear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
-— .^^ a pin on the underside to

fasieu it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Something CSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.

We think all ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is gone. He sometimes fills the grave of a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, he aljle to depend
on her own resources! In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity * In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submit? A THOUSAND TIMES, NO ! Let every wonaan,
before she marries, have some linowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it it necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy of THK NEW LONDON
IjADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system thau they knew about
it after servinn- their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the I'nited States
and Canada Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside and are now using THE NEW LONDON TAILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at #.5.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .lournal for sending us two new subscribers at $1.00 each ; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.7.5; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for .«1.IH). Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & M6 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

t^^PsHr

<^

^ERICA.]^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 17, 1903.

No. 38,

c

Editorial Comments

)

Marketing the Honey Crop will be next in order. The
tendency will be to rush it all off to the city. Don't do it. Do your
best to sell nearer home.

Some bee-keepers seem to get scared if they have a thousand
pounds or so of honey on hand. They think if they don't sell it
within a month or two after taken off the hives they might have to
carry it over winter, or perhaps be compelled to sit down and eat it all
in their own family.

It is a great mistake to rush it off to the market, when, perhaps,
a lot more have done the same way, and thus have shattered the prices.

In a wholesale way, the best comb honey should never sell for
less than 15 cents a pound; and the best extracted should bring from
7 to 8 cents. Of course, in a season like the past, when there seems to
have been a pretty fair crop, it may be necessary to shade prices a lit-
tle. But don't do it unless you have a good reason for so doing.

Queen-Cages Smashed in the Mails. — We have had sev-
eral instances where queens sent through the mails have been lost by
reason of the cages becoming smashed. It seems in throwing the
mail-sacks oft' the trains, books or other heavy articles come down on
the cage edgewise, and of course it is crushed.

It seems to us the cages might be made a little stronger — left a
little thicker by not boring out so much of the wood, which would
leave a little stronger bottom to the cage, and thus prevent such easy
crushing.

We suppose all queen-breeders have often been troubled in the
same way. It certainly is very annoying, both to dealer and custo-
mer, to say nothing of the loss of the queens that have to be replaced.

Formalin and Formaldehyde. — The present possibility, if
not probability, is that formalin, or formaldehyde, will be used to a
considerable extent by bee-keepers. It certainly will if the claim is
substantiated that thereby the combs of a foul-broody colony can be
disinfected so as to kill both bacilli and spores, making it perfectly
safe to use such combs in healthy colonies. It is, therefore, of some
consequence that the readers of this journal be informed as to the best
and most economical form in which to use the drug. So far, the
advice given in these columns has been plainly in the direction of
using formalin, that name being copyrighted and apjilied alone to the
drug as prepared by a single tirm. For some time it was diflicult to
get any information regarding the drug, and when such information
was obtained through those who enjoy a monopoly of the term
" formalin," it was placed in good faith before the readers of the
American Bee Journal, notwithstanding the fact that it was a free
advertisement.

There have been, however, intimations from more than one <|uar-
ter that the information given in these columns was somewhat mis-
leading, and now comes a letter from A. Richter, a pharmacist of New
York State, who is also a bee-keeper, which is outspoken on the sub-
ject, and which bears evidence on its face that it comes from one who

knows what he is talking about. Mr. Richter is entitled to hearty
thanks for his letter, which is as follows;

Editor American Bee Journai,:— I should like to correct you
on the article on Formalin. Formaldehyde can be purchased for 17
cents per pound. Formalin — a trade name— the product no better, but
costs 4.5 cents a pound. Our business is full of these licensed ways of
robbing, and I am sure it looks bad for a paper like yours to help
along Shirring A Gatz, who know both to be the same— but charge
more to pay for the advertising they must do. Pond's Extract and
Witch Hazel, another example of this kind— antikamnia — costs .?1.00
per ounce, made up of acetenated 17 cents a pound, bicarbonate of
soda, 3 cents a pound.

I hope something wi'.l be done to keep the bee-men from any of
these reflned ways of cheating, for if some one does not step in they
will be selling some secret food preparation to promote long-tongued
or long-lived honey-bees at fabulous prices, and give the novice sugar-
water colored up.

I have looked at the unselfishness of your paper and admired it,
as I do the same quality in all the big bee-men, and I am quite sure
you made the statement from want of knowledge, and not as a paid
advertisement. Truly yours, A. Richter.

In a nutshell, the situation is this: The American Bee Journal
has been advising the use of a special preparation at a high price
when something just as good can be had for less than half the money.
The regret at having done this is only softened by the thought that it
was done in good faith in the interests of bee-keepers, without any
sort of pay, even by the use of space in the advertising columns.

Association Notes

Amendments to the National Constitution.— The following
are the amendments as presented to the Los Angeles convention by
the Committee on Amendments, and which will be sent to the mem .
bership of the National Bee-Keepers' Association in December, for their
approval or disapproval :

ARTICLE III.— .VlEMBERSHir.

Sec. 1.— To be amended to read as follows :

Sec. 1. — Any person who is interested in bee-keeping, and in
accord with the purpose and aim of this Association, may become a
member by the payment of one dollar annually to the General Mana-
ger or Secretary ; and said membership shall expire at the end of one
year from the time of said payment, except as provided in Sec. 10 of
Article V of this Constitution. Any person may become an Honorary
Member by a two-thirds vote of all the members present at any annual
meeting of this Association. No member who is in arrears for dues,
as shown by the books of the General Manager, shall be eligible to any
office in this Association ; if such disqualification occur during the
term of any officer, the oflice shall at once become vacant.

Sec. 2. — To be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 3. — Whenever a local bee-keepers' asseciation shall decide to
unite with this Association as a body, it will be received upon pay-
ment by the local secretary of fifty cents per member per annum to the
General Manager.

ARTICLE IV.— Officers.

Sec. 1. — To be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 1.— The officers of this As.'^ociation shall be a General Mana-
ger, a President, a Vice-President, and a Secretary, whose term of
office shall be for one year; and a Board of twelve Directors, whose
term of office shall be four years, or until their successors shall be
elected.

Sec. 3. — To be amended to read as follows :

Sec. :j.— The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and General

596

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

Manager shall be elected by ballot during the month of November of
each year, by a plurality vote of the members, and assume the duties
of their respective offices on the first of January succeeding their
election.

Sec. 4.— To be amended to read as follows:

Sec. 4. — The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and General
Manager shall constitute the Executive Committee.

Sec. 5. — To be amended to read as follows:
' Sec. .5. — The Directors to succeed the three whose term of office
expire each year shall be elected by ballot during the month of Novem-
ber of each year, by a plurality vote of the members. The three caa-
didates receiving the greatest number of votes shall be elected, and
assume the duties of their office on the first of January succeeding
their election. The Board of Directors shall prescribe how all votes
of the members shall be taken, and said Board may also prescribe
equitable rules and regulations governing nominations for the several
offices.

ARTICLE v.— Duties of Secretary.

Sec. 3. — To be amended to read as follows ;

Sec. 3. — It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of
the proceedings of the annual meetings; to receive membership fees;
give a receipt for the same, and turn all moneys received over to the
Treasurer of the Association with names and post-office addresses of
those who become members; to make an annual report of all moneys
received and paid over by him, which report shall be published with
tlie annual report of the General Manager; and to perform such other
duties as may be required of him by the Association ; and he shall re-
ceive such sums for his services as may be granted by the Board of

ARTICLE VII.— Vacancies.

Amended by adding the following clause to the end thereof:
Any resignation of a member of the Board of Directors shall be
tendered to the Executive Committee. Any resignation of a member
of the Executive Committee shall be tendered to the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE IX.— Amendments.

To be amended to read as follows :

This Constitution may be amended by a majority vote of all the
members voting, providing such proposed amendments have been ap-
proved by a majority vote of the members present at the last annual
meeting of the Association, and copies of the proposed amendment
printed or written shall have been mailed to each member by the Gen-
eral Manager at least 45 days before the annual election.
James U. Harris, W. F. Marks,

Geo. W. Brodbeck, Udo Toepperwein,

C. P. Dadant, Committee.

J. F. McInttre Smiles— so says the Ventura (Calif.) Free Press in
its issue of Aug. 14. Here is the paragraph :

" A son and heir was born to the house of Mclntyre, Thursday,
and there is exceeding joy in the family. Five girls have come at
previous times to bless the Mclntyre home, and now as the sixth is a
boy it is no wonder that Mr. Mclntyre wears a beaming countenance."

Congratulations to that no longer boyless home.

Off for the Los Angeles Convention ! — Getting ready to at-
tend the National convention in Los Angeles began in this office quite
a while before the starting time arrived.

After it was decided just where the meeting was to be held, some
thought that it would be a great thing to get up a car-load of bee-
keepers to meet in Chicago, and go the rest of the way together. The
idea seemed to be a popular one. Soon applications began to come in
for sleeping reservations in the tourist car that was to carry those who
should finally be so fortunate as to be the favored party. They came
from Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Illinois. Even a " youngster ''
down in Texas telegraphed us, desiring to know just when the bee-
keepers' car would arrive at Albuquerque, New Mexico, as he desired
to join the party there. (That telegram was delivered at our home
after we had retired for the night. Until it was opened and read we
wondered who had died, or what other terrible calamity had befallen
someone. Then to see that it was just a Lone Star chap that was
crazy to go to a bee-meeting — well, it was rather trying to a recent
wanderer in dreamland.)

But, Wednesday evening, Aug. 13, finally came— the night we
were to start on the long journey— nearly 2500 miles. It was arranged
to spend the following Sunday at the Grand Canyon, in Arizona— 65
miles north of Williams, on the Santa Fe railroad.

Our train left Chicago at 10:30— a little late in starting. All went
to rest just as soon as the ebony porter could make up the berths.

Those who started out from Chicago were these:

Dr. C. C. Miller, A. I. Root,

W. Z. Hutchinson, N. E. France,

Mrs. and George W. York, H. H. Moe,

Mrs. and H. D. Tallady, Chas. Schneider,

A. F. Morley, J. J. Shearer,

M. Beet, N. Brooks.

There were also two young men who we learned afterward were
barbers. They were made good use of, as will be seen later on.

During the night there was an increase in the occupants of the
car, for Messrs. E. D. Woods and D. J. Price, both of Illinois, got
aboard the train. They were discovered the next morning, but no one
tried to drive them out of the "hive." They were welcomed, and,
like everybody else, helped to make the trip enjoyable all the way
along.

The first morning found us in Kansas City, Mo., where Mr. and
Mrs. Leo F. Hanegan, with Miss Baby Hanegan, of Wisconsin, joined
us. Also Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Wheeler, G. H. Van Slyke, and W. M.
Pierson, all of Iowa.

At La Junta, Colo., Mr. and Mrs. N. A. Kluck, of Illinois, joined
the company. And at Trinidad, Colo., that telegraphic Texan— H. H.
Hyde — got aboard. He was the last bee-keeper to come into the com-
pany, and he seemed glad enough to find himself among friends, even
if all of them were entire strangers, excepting as he had read of some
of them in the bee-papers.

Dr. Miller and A. I. Root were the " boys " of the crowd! And
didn't they just enjoy that long ride together; It gave them such an
unlimited amount of time to swap bee-stories and reminiscences of the
days when they first met and became interested in bees, as well as in
each other.

We were agreeably surprised at the appearance of things in Kan-
sas, as seen from the car window. It was our first trip into that State.
We were delighted. Everything looked prosperous. And, then, to
know there was not a legalized body and soul destroyer — saloon — in
all the State ! That was enough to rejoice over, had there been noth-
ing else. We felt like hurrahing for Kansas. It is a great State in so
many ways.

At Hutchinson, Kan., there was some talk of leaving Pres. W. Z.
Hutchinson, when he got off to get something to eat in " his own
town." By the way, there was a little joke on " W. Z." at that place.
He went into the dining-room with a nuniber of other people, includ-
ing a young lady from one of the other cars of the train. As they
were all stepping up to the table, the young lady drew a chair back,
intending to seat herself thereon. But imagine what her surprise
must have been, when " W. Z." sat his long self down upon that chair
as deliberately and contentedly as is his usual manner! He absent-
mindedly thought she was simply a courteous waitress who was paid
for doing just such little things among her other dining-room duties.
He didn't realize what he had done until it was too late to offer an
apology to the young lady. Let us hope they may both meet again
same time in Hutchinson, Kan., and that " W. Z." can have the oppor-
tunity to do the same kindly, though unintentional, act for her.

That ride of a car-load of bee-keepers will live a long time in the
memory of all who participated. What a splendid chance to visit!
When one got tired talking with another, he could get up and walk to
some other seat and tire out some one else. And so it went, day after
day.

We will suppose now that it is Saturday, about 2 p.m., and we
have all arrived at Williams, Ariz., and are ready to take the side-trip
to the Grand Canyon to spend Sunday. Next week we will tell about it.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3,'4x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies tjsing Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Pricks, prepaid — Sample copy free ; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

597

[ Convention Proceedings ]

The Los Angeles Convention.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Angeles,

Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

The 34th annual convention of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association met in Blanchard's Music Hall, Los Ange-
les, Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20, 1903, according to previous
arrangement and announcement of the Executive Commit-
tee.

The first session was held Tuesday evening, Aug. 18,
and consisted of a royal welcome extended on the part of
the California State Bee-Keepers' Association. Pres. T. O.
Andrews presided, and an elaborate program had been pre-
pared for the occasion. The music was furnished by the
excellent orchestra of the First Methodist Sunday-school of
Los Angeles, under the direction of Prof. Valentine.

In the absence of the city's mayor, Hon. M. P. Snyder,
Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona College, was called on to
deliver an address of welcome, which he did in his usual
happy way. Dr. D. W. Edwards, of the city, also helped to
extend greetings to the convention.

The responses were given by President Hutchinson,
Secretary York, A. I. Root, Frank Benton, and others.

It was an auspicious opening to the sessions of the con-
vention which were to follow.

Wednesday Morning, Aug. 19.

The first business session was called to order at 10 a.m.,
with Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.

Prayer was offered by Prof. Cook.

It was moved and carried that the following committees
be appointed by the chairman later, to report during the
meetings : On Amendments, Memorials, Publicity, Reso-
lutions.

Pres. Hutchinson — I have no address, for there was
such an urgent call to go out among the bees and get rid of
foul brood over in Michigan that there was no time and no
place to write an address. There is plenty of other work
of more importance, and we may as well commence with
business and let the president's address go. The first thing
on the program is an address by Prof. A. J. Cook, who will
now speak on

HONEY EXCHANGES AND CO-OPERATION AMONG
BEE=KEEPERS.

You may know the old story of the lord and the Irish-
man coming down the street, passing by the penitentiary,
when the lord said, " Pat, if everybody was in that peniten-
tiary that ought to be, where would you be ?"

"Walking alone, your honor," answered Pat.

I am walking too much alone ip this matter of co-opera-
tion, and I tell you I believe heartily in it, and I wish this
morning that I could so enthuse you that you would go
home and stir up the people so that it would be felt from
Maine to Texas, and from Colorado to Washington. It
seems to me there is nothing more important than this
matter of co-operation — working together. I believe in it
so much that three of us at our place own a cow together —
four of us. I should say. I didn't get it big enough. My
three nearest neighbors and myself own a cow together. Is
that union ? Why, if that cow gets out there is no fault-
finding in that neighborhood. And I tell you, it would be
a good thing if you owned chickens all together — a blessed
good thing.

Again, it costs S9.00 a j'ear to take a daily paper. I
could hardly afJord that. If I were editor of a bee-journal
I mighti but, being a poor professor, my pocket-book is as
flat as a cock-roach !

Now, three of us take a daily paper together, and we
get along just as well. Don't you know it is a god thing —
co-operation ? We are working together. When I read my
paper I know my neighbor has read the same thing. Per-
haps when I meet him I will say to him, " What do you

think of the news in that paper to-day ?" And he will say,
"Why, I just thought of you when I read that." And if
there happens to be a lady living alongside of you, you see
this might become very pleasant.

I don't stop there. I can not afford to take eight or ten
magazines. My wife and daughter like to have them ; I
am too busy to read all of them. So twelve of us take the
magazines together. My friends, that is practical co-opera-
tion, and it works well. I would like you to consider some-
thing of that kind. It pays. Co-operation is in the air,
and we want a great deal more of it than we have. It is
strange how slow we are in this matter. If I were not so big
a fool myself I would say the whole community are fools.
But it is strange that you people are not more wide-awake
in this matter of co-operation — getting together.

I have a friend, an old student of mine that I think a
great deal of, and I am going to introduce him to you here.
He says it is impossible to get the people to co-operate fully
on the Citrus Fruit Exchange. Although nearly all believe
it has saved the fruit industry in this section, yet about 40

Prof. A. J. Cook.

percent are all we can get into it — to the shame of our citrus
fruit-growers be it said. It is strange that the people do
not wake up to the importance of this great question. What
is the great Standard Oil business ? I tell you, they co-
operate, and they get along, and that part of it is all right,
and if they only got along by good and righteous methods,
then we would all throw up our hats and say, " Go ahead !"
And it is only because they are unrighteous in the way they
do things that anybody complains.

Even livery stables co-operate. I went down to San
Diego the other day, and it was too far for my wheel, and
the rail cars had gone. Of course, I had to go to a livery.
Well, I went to a livery stable, and they wanted $6.00 to take
me over. I said, "That is too much ; and, besides, I am
going for the State, and the State is poor, and of course I
can't afford to pay that."

They said, " You have got to ; you can not go with one
horse, you have to have two horses, and that is what you
will have to pay."

I said, " Is there another livery stable here ?"

They said, " Oh, yes. there is one over there, and
another one here, but it won't do any good — they will charge
you just the same."

That is all right — they are all working together. Co-
operation is in the air. I know the railroads are working
together, and so do you. All these great business interests
are working together, and we have got to work together.
We wapt to go home and all begin to talk this.

Here in California we have this great Citrus Fruit Ex-
change, and it is a great success. There is no other co-
operation of the kind which has ever had anything like the

598

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

success of our Citrus Fruit Growers' Exchang-e. You have
read what I have to say about that in the American Bee
Journal. So I have asked Mr. Reed if he would not come in
here and tell us about it. He is right in touch with this
Citrus Fruit Exchange ; he knows what it has done, what it
has accomplished, and why it has failed to do what he and
others have hoped for it to do. Because the methods that
will be used there, will be the methods the honey-men will
want to use, I want Mr. Reed to come up here and talk to
us on this subject, and afterwards answer such questions as
may be asked. And before Mr. Reed comes, I want to say
something Mr. Reed would not say.

This is a tremendous undertaking, because in Southern
California (and what I said last night was not for nothing),
I may be mistaken, but I do believe from the bottom of my
heart that there is not so intelligent a population in the
rural districts in the world as we have here in Southern
California. I believe it. I do not say that carelessly. I
have traveled pretty largely in the northern part of our
country, and in the south and east, and I have never seen
the equal for intelligence of the farming classes to Southern
California. We have a club at Claremont, and of that club
eight are college graduates — two from Harvard, one from
Yale, three Cornell, and so on. So we have men who have
had their college training. We used to laugh at " book-
farmers." We don't laugh at them any more. We see
these book-farmers going to the top, and we go to them and
ask questions. You think about it.

So I say, here in Southern California we have the
cream of the country so far as culture is concerned in these
pursuits. If that is the case, what would be true in this
section would be more difificult in others. In California,
work as hard as they may, they have only about 40 percent
of the citrus fruit-growers in this organization. Yet I have
not seen a man who did not say it was the salvation of the
citrus fruit industry. Yet only about 40 percent of them
joined. Haven't you got a load, then ? Why, you have a
backlog that your forefathers would hardly have carried,
and you have got to carry it.

Sometimes I get like my friends Dr. Miller and Mr.
Root — almost pessimistic. Sometimes I feel discouraged,
and then see there was no need of discouragement. I am
going to live a good many years yet, but I am a little afraid
I won't live to see this general co-operation along all our
industrial pursuits. I am afraid I won't live to see it, but
we have got to have it. Why have we got to have it ? We
should not compete against each other. We should not
compete. We should determine what is a reasonable profit,
and then everybody should have it. That would never mean
a good white sage extracted honey at 4 cents a pound. It
would mean never less than 6 cents a pound. When we
have this co-operation, when we get to that stage where we
do not have this disastrous competition, we will get 6 cents
for our honey.

We ought to be done with this matter of competition —
this excessive competition which takes from us the profits —
so that when the season is over our pocket-books look like
cock-roaches.

Another thing that we find here very much to our detri-
ment is the matter of railroad charges. You all know how
exorbitant they are. It costs us $1.20 to send a box of fruit
to Boston. That is a great deal too much. I have not a
djubtbutit is twice too much, and that is why they can
water their stock over and over again. We would do the
same thing if we got the matter in our own hands. Most of
us world charge just what we could get, just as the railroads
do. I don't know that Dr. Miller would, but most of us
would. How are we going to prevent it ? Take California,
Do you know, we could afford out of what we lose in three
years' time to build, own, and equip a railroad from here
to Boston, and have it all ourselves ? It is computed that
what we lose above a reasonable profit would do that in
three years' time. Now, if that is the case, would not co-
operation be worth somehting ? We could do that if we were
working together. " Ever the right gives promise, and
ever is justice done."

I am just as sure we will have this co-operation as that
we will get up to-morrow morning. Whether we get it soon
or late will depend upon the energy we put into it. Another
thing, our legislation is not right. If we were all together,
working together, we could get almost all we wanted in the
way of legislation. We have a little touch of that here in
Calfornia. We have 40 or 50 farmers' clubs. The people are
really getting interested. It took a long time to wake them
up. Mr. Hambaugh, here, could tell you a great many things
about that. He went right after them " with blood in his
eye," and did not recognize any such word as " fail." He

said, " It is the right thing, and we will have it." And we
all said, " Certainly, we will have it." And the first bill
that got through the legislature was our foul brood law. We
had these farmers' clubs, and they held a big meeting be-
fore the legislature met, and Mr. Hambaugh came down
there, and he told us with reference to this foul brood law
and inspectors (while he looked us right in the eye), "We
want so and so " — and we all believed it. He said to these
farmers' clubs, " Gentlemen, we want this ; we need it, and
we must have it." And they all said, " Amen," and they
were all just Methodist enough to say right down inside,
"Amen." And Mr. Hambaugh had the resolution passed,
and we wanted that law, and that was the first law that was
passed in the legislature without a single dissent. We
didn't need any $300, because we had the farmers back of us.

We want the bee-keepers organized so that when they
go to the legislature and say what they want they will get
it. So we want this matter of co-operation in the way of
legislation.

Eet me tell you one thing more : For a year we had
men like Mr. Hambaugh studying these things that we
wanted here in California. We had tried for 12 or IS years
to get certain bills through, but we failed because the
moneyed interests were against us. Was it not queer that
these men said, " No, sir ; you don't get that." I was too
well brought up to doubt a man's motive, but I wondered a
good deal when these men came in and battled so hard for
what was just and right. We would not impugn their
motives. We devoted a whole year to studying this matter
with three of our strongest men at work. One was Frank
L. Palmer — a great, big, noble man. They spent a year
studying, and they corresponded with people East. West
Virginia is way up to the top, and we profited by their ex-
perience.

When we got that bill just as we wanted it, we went be-
fore the legislature, and we said, "That is the law we want
without any amendments," and we had a strong committee
up there, and we didn't have to pay them anything ; they
wanted to go up there anyway, and they said : " My friends,
you must not touch these bills ; they are just what we want,
and we know a big sight more about these things than you
can possibly know, and don't you amend them." And there
was not a single bit of amending done on these bills.

Now, we have a good Governor. He is a good man. I
wish I could say that of all our previous governors, but we
have not always had that kind. The Governor wrote to me
and said in regard to that fertilzer law : " I wish you could
see the pile of letters and telegrams I have in regard to
that." If anybody would read that law, they would see
there was nothing in it but honest, fair dealing. Now, here
was co-operation. We were working together, and I tell
you when I get to talking about these things that so nearly
concern our vital interests, I wish I were eloquent, that I
might make you feel that we must have co-operation — that
we must work together for what is right.

Now, Mr. Reed is here, and, by the way, you are to have
a good-looking man talk to you. I am free to say that, for
he is one of our " old boys. " He will talk to us about the
Citrus Fruit Exchange, what it has done, what it ought to
have done, and what he hopes it will do in the future.
(Contiaued next week.)

Proceeding's of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Colleg-e, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOLL, SEC.

(Continued from page Ssi.)
BRUSHED SWARMS FOR SECTION-COMB HONEY.

It does not come within the scope of this paper to
describe the many different plans and ways of making
brushed or forced swarms, nor to trace out their origin,
suffice it to say that my first knowledge of the method was
derived from reading Mr. Stachelhausen's articles in Glean-
ings, some five years ago, though I had known, prior to that
time, of its use in Germany. I will only try to explain in
detail the two plans I most commonly use ; nor do I always
adhere rigidly to either of these plans in minor points, using
altogether the shallow hive. Its ready adaptability to varied
manipulations often tempt me to modify the process.

But I always try to keep in mind the three prime objects
sought to be accomplished by brushing or shaking a colony
of bees. Specifically stated they are. lirst, to secure a very

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

599

povrerful field-force just in the uick of time. Second, so to
contract and specialize their work that practically all of the
honey will be forced into the sections. Third, to prevent
swarming surely and effectually during the honey-flow.

In my practice it is not profitable nor practical to try to
run a whole apiary for comb honey, but rather to select
those colonies that have reached a stage of development
where danger of swarming might be apprehended, using
the weaker colonies for extracted honey, and to care for the
combs and remaining brood. After the second brushing or
shaking, experience having taught rae not to hold these
hatching bees until the close of the flow, in order to unite
them with the colony from which they came, but rather to
utilize them asquickly as possible. But when it is desirable
to strengthen the comb-honey colonies after the sections
are taken off, I do so by drawing combs of brood from these
same extracting colonies.

Spring finds my colonies all in two, three, and four
story hives. But the weakest are furnished room as fast as
it is needed. The first of May my honey-flow begins, and
lasts 3+ or 25 days. Hives, sections, and all are gotten
ready. Half sheets of foundation are used, except in the
two outside frames, which are drawn combs, and full sheets
in the sections. When all is ready I move the hives a little
to one side and back from the old stands, having first filled
them with smoke, and loosely closed the entrance with
grass. I then take the cover off, and knock the bees in
front of the new hive, which an assistant has placed on the
old stand, as I moved the old hive. I then take up the
combs by pairs, and with a quick upward and sudden down-
ward movement, dislodge most of the bees, and immediately
replace the combs in exactly the same order as they were
before the operation. Going through the several bodies as
rapidly as possible, on an average it takes five minutes for
the two-story hives ; seven for the three story, and ten for
the four-story ones. When all the frames are in order I
close up the hive, contract the entrance, and go on to an-
other which the assistant has smoked, moved, and fixed
exactly as the first one was prepared. This gives the bees
ample time to load up and get in that stupid semi-torpid
condition so necessary to successful and easy handling. In
seven or eight days afterward, shake as many bees as are
needed to reinforce the swarm, and then tier them up on
the weaker extracting hives spoken of at the beginning of
this paper.

The other way of making brushed swarms that I men-
tioned was this : Put all the colonies in pairs, and if they
are arranged some five or six feet between pairs, it will
cause less confusion and mixing of bees while under the
excitement consequent on the change and loss of the old
home and brood. Ten days before the main honey-flow
begins put a super of sections on the strongest one in each
pair, and put two or three partly-filled sections in the center
of the super. At the same time put a shallow body on the
other colony by its side. This should contain full sheets of
foundation, except the two center ones, which should be
drawn combs. Now, when the honey-flow begins in earnest,
fill the two old hives with smoke and set them back a little.
Take the body containing the partly-drawn sheets of foun-
dation from the hive it is on, and put it on the half-way
ground where the old hives formerly were. Put the partly-
drawn case of sections on this new hive, shake all the bees
from the combs of the strongest of the two colonies, and
put the combs of brood on top of the one not shaken. Turn
the entrance in an opposite direction, and leave it where it
is for eight days. On the eighth day, in the morning, move
it away to a new stand. All of the bees that have ever
flown will return to where it was, and finally go into the
swarm hive, that being the nearest one to their own former
location.

These hives containing such powerful swarms should
be propped up at the corners, leaving entrance-room all
around. Also another super of sections should be given at
this time. Great care has to be taken, and judgment exer-
cised, as to whether or not it is best to try to get the combs
and sections built out before the main flow or not. on
account of its difficult features. I would not recommend it
to any but the most expert and painstaking, though I re-
gard it as a good one, and results have justified me in that
belief.

Last year was only an average year for honey, but I
took 2500 pounds of section honey from 35 colonies treated
after these plans, and the same colonies were built up and
gave a further yield of 35 pounds of extracted honey in the
fall, or a total yield of 3725 pounds, 70 pounds of which was
section honey to the colony.

Now, as to whether or not it is best to use full sheets of

foundation in the brood'chambei;, my conclusions are, after
numerous trials, that it is not best if the greatest amount
of honey is the main desideratum ; but if good combs are
more or equally important, then it is perhaps best to use the
full sheets, though I have known of flows where full sheets
were of little value, for the bees simply would not waste the
time necessary to draw them out, but merely added wax and
built onto the foundation, not drawing it in the least. And
if any ma.n is so crazy as to think I don't know of what I
am saying, I can show numbers of these combs yet.

Neither will full sheets secure all-worker combs with
me, regardless as to who may say the contrary. In July
last I prepared a number of colonies to brush as soon as the
sumac flow started, which is usually about the 27th in this
locality. From the best of these I secured ii+ pounds in 14
days, and every one weighed an even pound, as they came
off the hives. To those who have ever used the 4xSxl;'s
section comment is unnecessary.

Now, I think this about illustrates the possibilities of
the brushed or " shook " swarm method with me, the only
trouble that I have ever found with it being that I could
not command the honey-flow. J. E. Chambers.

THE TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

Along in September, 1895, if I mistake not, the Central
Texas Bee-Keepers' Association was organized, and held
semi-annual meetings until the summerof 1898, when it was
decided to hold annual meetings. The Association met at
different places until the last meeting it held, which was at
Hutto, Tex. At that meeting it was decided to accept the
offer of the Texas Farmers' Congress, to meet in 1901 at
College Station, Tex. Accordingly, in July, 1901, all three
of the bee-associations of Texas met in connection with the
Central Texas Association. Officers elected were, J. B.
Salyer, president; H. H. Hyde, vice-president ; Louis H.
Scholl, secretary.

Before the program was taken up I, myself , made known
to the members a plan of organization which was adopted,
and a committee on program appointed, of which I was a
member. The committee reported that we disband the
Central Texas Association and call ourselves the Texas
Bee-Keepers' Association ; and that we affiliate, as far as
possible, with the Farmers' Congress of Texas. The Asso-
ciation was organized with the officers as previously elected.
A resolution was offered and adopted, asking the State of
Texas for an appropriation for an experimental apiary, and
a legislative committee was appointed.

The special session of the Legislature made an appro-
priation for the establishment of an apiary, through the
influence of the Association and Prof. Mally, of the A. &
M. College.

At the meeting of the Association in July, 1902, a legis-
lative committee was again, fortunately, appointed. Dur-
ing the summer several cases of foul brood developed in the
State, thus making it necessary that we have a foul brood
law. Accordingly, the Association and the A. & M. College
went to work and secured a foul brood law for Texas. This
law is now in force, but practically inoperative, from the
fact that from some oversight no appropriation was made
to get the law started. However, where the bee-men will
get together and agree to foot the expense, their own and
any other apiaries may be inspected and treated by the
State entomologist or his assistants.

By an arrangement with the publishers, the members
of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association get reduced rates on
all journals, and by paying one dollar they are members of
both the Texas and the National Associations.

Such, in brief, is the record of the Texas Bee-Keepers'
Association, and, in my opinion, it is a very worthy one,
and one to be proud of. Every bee-keeper in Texas ought
to be a member of the Association, and help fight the bat-
tles that it is fighting for the bee-keepers. One and all
must admit that it has done a great work, and any bee-
keeper ought to feel ashamed of himself to stay out, in view
of the battles that have been fought and won with so few
members.

I think the future is bright for the Association, and we
have only to press on in the future as we have in the past,
victoriously attacking any new problem that presents itself.
We have an Association that we may well be proud of, and
one that is doing a great work. Let us, one and all, rally
around it.

I shall not attempt to forecast the future of the Asso-
ciation, as that would be impossible ; however, I am sure it
will be a bright future. Homer H. Hvde.

(To be contidued.)

600

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHrNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

(

Contributed Articles

)

Carbolic Acid for Getting Swarms Down
from Trees.

BY A. C. F. BARTZ.

THE instructions given in the item on page 510, are very
good, as far as they go, but after having read the whole

it makes me feel kind of sorry for those people who are
too old to climb, and especially the bee-keeping sisters, for
it is out of the question for a lady to strap on a pair of
climbers, pruning shears, bucksaw, claw-hammer, or per-
haps a whole carpenter shop, climb up a tree and saw off a
limb, tie it to a rope, get tangled up in the rope herself,
slip, and probably be fastened to the tree, and may be make
it necessary for some one else to take down bee-keeper,
swarm, and cabinet shop. And for these reasons I gave my
experience of recent date to the bee-keeping world, and I am
sure many of the readers, after trying it, will be satisfied,
and never make an attempt to get a swarm out of a tree too
tall to be conveniently reached from the ground by climb-
ing it.

Then, too, how many swarms do not alight on a limb
that can be cut off and carried down, but will string out on
the trunk of a tree five or six feet or more ? And it was
one of those troublesome, hard-to-hive ones which caused
my noddle to get down to hard thinking.

It was a tremendously large swarm which plastered it-
self to a tall tree, about 20 feet above ground, and, I tell
you, I dreaded to climb the tree, and even if I did I did not
know how to get the swarm off unless I took the smoker
and smoked them off, as I have done many times. But,
then, I would have to climb the tree. When all at once the
thought struck me, " Bees are afraid of carbolic acid." No
sooner had I thought of it when I sent my ten-year-old boy
to get a 2-ounce bottle of carbolic acid, while I got two poles,
one 10 feet and the other 16 feet long, and nailed the two to-
gether, which made a pole about 24 feet long ; but a fish-
pole, or any other light pole, will do better.

I took a piece of cloth about 4 feet square, folded it up 4
times, so that it made a piece of cloth folded about a foot
square. I tacked it on the pole in two places, top and bot-
tom, as it might be in the center of the cloth, thus leaving
the two sides of the cloth hanging loose, something like a
stiff cloth hanging over a pole.

Then I poured the two ounces of carbolic acid on the
cloth, raised the pole lip and brought the now carbolized
cloth over the swarm on the tree at its highest point, and
gently passed it down the tree as the bees fled from the
cloth, when, in less than S minutes, I had the swarm almost
in a solid bunch.

But I was not satisfied. I proceeded to follow them up
with the cloth, being careful not to kill any. But, my I how
they got out of that tree. It made me laugh when they
came down and lit on another tree, so I could easily hive
them standing on the ground.

Now, some one might object to this procedure for fear
of losing the swarm by its going to the woods. But
judging from the many swarms I have smoked out of
trees, and never having lost one in this way, I feel safe to
say that a swarm does not leave if disturbed shortly after
alighting, but sticks to the first place it first settled on, or
very near to it. And, furthermore, I do not handle swarms
of this kind very gently, that is, swarms coming out of the
regular order of management with virgin queens, which I
should think would have a tendency to make them leave if
that was their nature, on being driven off from the first
place they settled on.

The next time I try the acid I shall use a large sponge
instead of the cloth, but shall never climb another tree to
take a swarm down.

I made another experiment with the acid on a swarm,
out from which I wanted to take the virgin queens. I put
the swarm into an empty hive with a queen-excluder above
and below, and tried to smoke the bees out of the hive in
order to find the queen ; but the bees refused to leave the
hive on being smoked, but would, if smoked from the top,
go down to the bottom, and if smoked from the botton would
go to the top. Some of them of course flew, but enough of

them of course stuck to the hive to make the procedure a
long, tiresome job, if not a total failure. Then I thought I
would play a little trick on them, and took the acid cloth
from the pole above mentioned, raised up the hive, zinc and
all, and pushed the cloth spread out under the hive and let
it down on it, when at once the bees started to the top away
from the acid. But there I was with the smoker, and gave
them no chance to cluster, but they left the hive as though
a panic struck them, excepting the drones and queens,
which could not escape.

The bees went to the hive from which they swarmed —
just what I wanted — as I did not see them issue, and I in-
tended to put them back again ; and anyway it will be seen
in this last procedure I " killed two birds with one stone" —
I got the bees back to their home, and I had the queens
and all the drones in the swarm also caged.

I now covered up the hive with the drones and queens
in it, thinking that I would dispose of then at dusk, but
had forgotten about it, and in the morning, when I found
the hive still covered up in the yard, I opened it at once,
and found everything dead in it. This, of course, was more
than I expected or intended to do. I think that the fumes
of the acid killed them very slowly, although it frightens
them terribly. I would not advise the use of the drug for
the purpose of killing drones, unless we learn from some of
our professors that that drug makes short work of destroy-
ing bee-life. Chippewa Co., Wis., Aug. 11.

Getting Both Increase and Honey— Other
Matters.

BY J. E. JOHNSON. '

WHITE clover bloom was fine, and yielded well. Bass-
wood was a failure, but we did not need it. There is
a little white clover yet. Simpson honey-plant
grows wild here, but it is not very valuable; also mother-
wort, but it does not attract bees as does catnip. My bees
are still storing honey in shallow extracting-combs, but are
not doing much in supers where they have to build comb ;
this is mostly from catnip and sweet clover, and smartweed
just beginning to bloom.

Now, I see that the question is often asked of Dr. Miller.
How can I increase my bees rapidly and still get lots of
honey ? As I started last spring with 12 colonies, and
wanted both honey and increase, I formed a plan how to get
both, which worked well. This is how I did it :

I found in early spring that my bees were nearly starv-
ing. I then fed them with candy, as per Abbott's plan, un-
til it was warm enough to feed syrup. The most of the col-
onies were weak in bees, with little or no honey. I fed them
every evening only about a half pint of syrup, some less
than that. White clover promised to be abundant. By the
time fruit-blossoms came out I had nearly all colonies ready
for supers. I then put on one super with shallow extract-
ing-frames containing for starters two-inch strips of foun-
dation with quilt above to keep warm. During a cold spell
in fruit-bloom I fed again every evening for nearly a week,
increasing the feed as the bees became stronger, always
above the brood-nest, and always just at dusk of evening. I
also kept entrances contracted during cool weather. White
clover and raspberry came in bloom about the same time,
white clover being two weeks earlier than usual, and May
15 found me with a good honey-flow on, from both white
clover and raspberry, and bees enough to fill two supers in
nearly all 12 colonies.

I then soon began to slip an empty super under the top
one. By June 1, the brood-chamber of the 8-frame Lang-
stroth dovetailed hive was nearly filled with brood, and
from one-half to three-fourths of the super of shallow
frames. I then gave some another super next to the shal-
low frames. Everything worked well until a rainy spell
struck us, and for eight days we had three or four warm
showers every day ; as usual, under such circumstances, the
swarming- fever struck the bees. They would work for dear
life between showers, and swarm.

By this time most of the colonies filled three or four
supers with bees, and were capping the first supers. I then
put another empty super on top, to give room, but the
swarming still continued — nearly all swarmed three times,
and I just let them swarm, but put back all fourth swarms.
When two swarms would come out at once I would cover
one hive up tight with a blanket, and, as Dr. Gandy says,
they would immediately quit coming out, and would not

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

601

then swarm until afternoon or the next day. These first
swarms were hived on starters in brood-frames, and a super
containing sections, and they filled it chock-full of bees. In
two or three days I would slip another super under the top
one, which would prevent pollen in sections ; this I did un-
til they all had three or four supers.

Now, as the old colonies had so much brood hatching,
the second swarms were large enough to work in two supers,
and to the third swarms I would give the extracting or
shallow-frame super. This, of course, left the old colony
pretty weak, but as we had a good honey-tlow on, several of
these supers were capped, which I took off and put on the
market at 15 cents for a 3 -sx5xl '2 section, which sold as
fast as I could get it to the home market. It was nice and
white, and no other honey on the market. I ornamented
every section with my business card, by stamping with
rubber stamp.

Then I took some unfinished supers off the old colonies
and placed on new swarms to finish until I had only one
super left on an old colony. This contracted their room,
and when the young queen began laying she found lots of
empty cells in the brood-chamber and bees enough to rear
brood, but not to gather any surplus ; but they have now
built up so as to be able to fill two supers of bees and are
storing surplus again, and are ready for the smartweed
flow.

Several of the first swarms swarmed the second time. I
put back these second swarms, but they would not stay back,
so I hived them in shallow extracting supers, and set them on
the parent hive the next day after caking away the queen.
In some of them I could not find the queen, but they settled
their own disputes and quit swarming. I also made a few
nuclei in the spring, which have built up.

I reared my own queens from a colony of long-tongued
bees. That colony did not swarm, as I used so much of her
comb-brood, and I believe I have taken off 90 sections of
comb honey, and they are working slowly in 90 more sec-
tions, and will soon have them completed. Some of the first
swarms have nearly finished ISO sections, and are working
in four supers now. These shallow frames were moved up
away from the queen, and as brood hatched out they were
soon filled, extracted, and placed on the hives again.

So far this season I have taken off 1400 pounds of honey,
all comb but about 200 pounds. I am taking off about three
supers a day, using bee-escapes. I have about 1000 pounds
ready, or nearly ready, to take off, and 50 colonies strong
enough to fill from two to four supers with bees for the
smartweed flow, which is just coming in.

Now, this plan would not work in some seasons, but this
is a good year. I could have had much more increase, but I
wanted honey also. Smartweed promises a fair crop. All
queens seem to be prolific in a good season.

I have had a hard time to get hives and supplies, but I
ordered an extra large supply early, so I managed to get
along. I want to say right here that a certain bee-supply
dealer beats the world to get a move on him, and can fill
orders quick when he has the supplies ; but when every-
body wants a whole lot of all kinds of supplies, right away,
quick, and he happens to be just out of almost everything,
then we are liable to think him a slow poke. Let me give
a little advice : Get your supplies early ; then if you have to
send after a lot of supplies right in the busy rush, and don't
get them right away, nor hear from the supply-dealer, and
you get plum stuck, write the supply-dealer a real sassy let-
ter, just give him fits, call him lazy, slow poke, and call
him everything you can think of, only don't swear. Write
about 24 pages ; spend a good half day at it, even if you are
busy ; ask him if he got your order ; tell him he is a
thief and a rascal, and is probably off on a drunk, and not
attending to his business. When you have it finished, read
it over carefully, and if you see where you can make it a
little stronger, add at least 10 more pages ; then, when it is
ready to mail, go out and chop for your wife an armful of
wood, make a good fire in the kitchen stove, and then open
the lid and quietly drop the letter in the fire, and you will
feel lots better. And so will the supply-dealer.

When your neighbors come three or four times a day to
get you to go home with them and bring an empty hive
with you, and climb up to a tree top and get a swarm of
bees that came there, and then hive them and give them
supers with foundation, and show him what a queen looks
like, and explain all about bee-keeping in general, then
promise to help him cut all the bee-trees he can find this
fall, and bring empty hives and transfer them for him, and
lend him your smoker and bee-veil, and three or four bee-
books, and its — " I'll hand you the money some time for the
hives." Just say first, last, and at all time, that you are

sorry, but you just can't leave your own business, and
can't help him at all right now ; and that you have not even
time to talk to him. Then hand him a copy of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and a catalog of supplies, and bid him
good-by — and it is " Come over when I am not so busy."

This has been a good honey season, and the bee-keeper
that attended to his own bees all right will have lots of
honey. But hundreds of bee keepers that neglected their
bees will not have any more honey than usual. I asked one
bee-keeper how his bees were doing. " Oh, just fair," he
said, " some have swarmed five or six times. I could not
get hives, so they were put in boxes, some in barrels, and
some were left." In fact, he got tired of hunting up boxes,
and just let them go.

I asked him how much honey he had taken off, and he
said, " Just a little bit ; the old hives are full, I guess, or
they would not have swarmed. They have had the supers
on the upper story two or three years, so I guess they are
full; they are so blamed cross I hate to do anything with
them; I guess I willwait until cold weather. They tell me
you are a good hand with bees. I wish you would take it
off. I bet it is full of nice honey. I pried up the lid, but they
got so cross I had to run, and did not get the lid down tight,
and now they are so cross I don't dare go near them ; and
the bees are all over the hive. They say bees don't sting
some people, but they just pop it to me."

I said I had all I could do with my own bees, and got all
the stings I cared about at home.

My honey is selling for 15 cents per Ideal section, which
is about 17 cents per pound. I get 12!i per section, the
dealer 2J2 cents. I advertise in different ways, and sell at
home and near-by towns.. People are better able to buy
honey now than they were several years ago, and this local-
ity, at least, will consume more than usual. Other eatables
are high ; butter is from 15 to 20 cents per pound to the con-
sumer, and honey should not be less, nor will mine be.
Honey is not a perishable article to be dumped on the mar-
ket right away, and if honey is sold cheap it is the bee-
keeper's own fault. We do not often get a good crop ; let
us not be foolish and sell it for a trifle.

Later I will give you my plan of selling honey.

Knox Co., 111., Aug. 8.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Dividing Just Before Swarming.

Can I transfer a colony just before swarming, and let
part of the bees rear the queen and brood and make another
colony out of the bees in the old hive ? Mississippi.

Answer. — Yes; put the largest part of the brood and
bees on a new stand. Better not leave more than one frame
of brood with the queen, and perhaps it may be well to take
that away after a day or two.

Removing Pollen from Combs— Shaking for Poul
Brood-Rearing Queens in the Fall.

1. Will the bees remove pollen from the center combs
in the brood-chamber so the queen can have a compact cir-
cle to lay in, the combs being filled by queenless bees,
caused by the queen being lost in mating ? The pollen is
fresh, and the cells about half full.

2. Is one shake or two shakes right to cure foul brood ?
Mr. McEvoy says two, and Messrs. Root, Davenport, and
others say one. When doctors disagree, what is a beginner
to do?

3. Would a super that had been over a foul-broody col-
ony be safe to use after being in an oven about an hour,
the temperature about the same as that for baking bread, or
a little below ?

4. Can good queens be reared at this time of year, while
the bees are still gathering considerable honey, by simply
removing queens from reasonably strong colonies ?

cZj 5. Would 20 drops of carbolic acid in '2 pint of water

602

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17 1903.

disinfect hands and tools after handling' a foul-broody col-
ony ? Iowa.

Answers. — l. Yes, give them time enough and you will
find the pollen all out of the middle of the brood-nest.

2. The decision of the question hinges upon the point
as to whether the diseased honey will all be used up in the
four days in comb-building. Mr. McEvoy thinks some of it
will still be left, stored in the newly-built cells ; the others
think it will all be used up, making a second shaking un-
necessary. I am not authority enough to decide.

3. Yes, and even without the baking it would be safe,
for it is now generally agreed that the hive of a foul-broody
colony does not need disinfecting, and the super would be
as safe as the hive, if not safer.

4. Yes, " if considerable honey " means a flow suiBcient
to keep the bees busy, and at least a little on the gain. You
can help matters by feeding. But it's wise to make your
plans for another year so as to be all through with queen-
rearing earlier in the season.

5. I don't know. Some one please tell us the right pro-
portion.

Uniting Colonies in the Pall.

I am a beginner and have 6 colonies of bees, spring
count. I have increased to 9 this summer, two of which are
quite weak and small, and I wish to unite them. Do you
think it a good plan to smoke the strongest colony and put
the weakest colony on top of the other, and drive them
down with smoke, and after they are down, smoke them
slightly more, and then cover them up ? or is there a better
plan ? Washington.

Answer. — I think it would be better not to drive them
down, but to leave them to themselves for a few days, set-
ting the one hive quietly over the other at a time when bees
are not flying — preferably on a cool day — then after the
bees have got acquainted put the best combs of each into
the one hive. It might be a little better, when the one
hive is put over the other, to put paper between the two,
leaving a hole in the paper large enough for one bee to pass
through.

Swarm Hangins; on Tree Several Days.

If I am correct, a swarm in Wisconsin hangs on a limb
over night in some cases, but never more than one or two
nights. We recently had a swarm at one of our out-yards
hang from Sunday until Friday morning, when they were
hived and seemed perfectly contented. The weather was
fair all this time. Is this an unusual occurrence, and can
you account for it ? Wisconsin.

Answer. — It is unusual for a swarm to hangover night,
still more unusual for it to remain two nights, and extremely
unusual for it to remain five nights, as in your case. I
don't know what should make the difference ; possibly the
rain or something else prevented their breaking cluster at
first, and they began building comb and were reconciled to
stay. Very likely if you had not hived them they would
have hung there permanently.

Hiving Swarms on the Old Stand.

On page 371, beginners are advised to hive new swarms
on the old stand (to prevent second swarms), and a week
later take away the old colony to a new stand. I tried
this and it worked fine the first time. But the second time
I tried it there was a second swarm came out of the old col-
ony in four days. Will you kindly tell me what was the
cause of this ?

Would there be any harm in moving the old colony in
less than a week to its new location ?

Massachusetts.

Answer. — As a rule, the prime swarm issues when
the first queen-cell is sealed, and a second swarm issues
shortly after the first virgin emerges, making the second
swarm about eight days after the first. It may happen that
on account of bad weather, or something else, the issuing of
the first swarm is delayed, in which case there will not be
as much as eight days between the two swarms — in your
case it was four — in which case the wait of a week is of
course too long. In that particular case it would have been
all right to move the old hive in three days ; but such cases
are not frequent enough to make it advisable to move the

hive in so short a time. In ordinary cases the depletion
would not be sufficient to discourage the bees always from
swarming ; for you will understand that the colony will be
gaining strength rapidly every day from the hatching
brood. Moving the hive earlier than a week might prevent
swarming, but it would not be so sure.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

' Old Reliable '' seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

RUBBING THE PI.ACE STUNG.

The good maxim, " Do not rub the place where a sting
is received," hardly applies to old chaps well inured to
stings. Sometimes when I fear that a sting is going to
g^ive trouble, I purposely rub the place violently and at once.
The idea is to dilute and spread the poison before trouble
gets begun. The plan works well with me. Page 478.

AFRAID OF MOTH-BALLS.

Bees are insects as well as moths ; and I fear that any
moth-ball strong enough to stand off the one would bring
more or less injury to the other. Page 483.

INTRODUCING LAME QUEENS.

In introducing a queen not able to walk, there is another
danger in addition to danger of hostility from the bees. She
tumbles, or gets tumbled to the bottom, to chill and starve
and be neglected there, or possibly to get more tumbles out
onto the ground. Page 483.

THE "doings" (?) OF THE NATIONAL.

A column entitled, " What the National is Doing," Mr.
Herman F. Moore wants. Some pre-requirements. Na-
tional must be doing something, and some one qualified
must write it. We hardly need a column of well-looking
nothings which busy readers would skip at sight as they
skip most of the columns and pages of the 16-page daily.
Page 486.

UN.\PPRECIATED GENEROSITY.

Dr. Peiro, I feel somewhat as I suppose a good mother
must feel when she finds her children have been misbehav-
ing themselves toward respectable passers-by. Fifty of our
children received valuable time free, and cuttings presum-
ably valuable, and not one heeded the request to write re-
sults ! I don't blame you. Doctor 1 Still, it would please me
best if you would rub the sore feelings into feeling better,
run and play at something else for awhile — and then turn
up again on the same subject. You're not alone. " Seven
thousand in Israel do good for the sake of doing good, and
get similar reward." It's only in the sweet " Thy Kingdom
come ' that the animal's, " Get all the good grabs you can
and render nothing in return," will be found entirely ab-
sent.

Still, contra considerations are possible. Possibly a
good many failed to make their cuttings grow, and didn't
want to ride a free horse to death by asking for anything
further. And I imagine that Uncle Sam is the leading vil-
lain in the case. He long has paid the bill for his poli-
ticians to shove free garden seeds under everybody's nose —
request to write results printed on. Treating you as they
treat Uncle Sam may be a little unpleasant, but is not do-
ing you any dishonor. Page 492.

REARING COMMERCIAL QUEENS.

George B. Whitcomb seems to have an idea that com-
mercial queens are often deteriorated by being reared from
No. 2 eggs. Has this idea reasonableness enough to call
for a discussion, and for experiments later on, perhaps?
Some mother-queen alleged to lay, or at least to be capable
of laying. No. 1 eggs and No. 2 eggs. When in full tide of
laying she finds that she has a whole empty comb ahead of
her she gets a hustle on, and lets the eggs fly before they
have had quite time to become No. 1. Feeble plants raised
from half-grown seeds, feeble queens from such scant-timed
eggs. This is surely one of the " important if true " mat-
ters. The opposite of this makes toward accounting for the
excellence of natural swarm queens. "Jueen seldom laying

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

603

in natural cups except when crowded for room, and when
the eggs have the last possible item of development. But
how about the choice queen kept in the nucleus on purpose
to keep her from shortening her life by profuse laying ? If
things in the nucleus are all right, and the breeder is so run
as to lay only 200 eggs a day (instead of the 2000 she might
otherwise lay), will there be any No. 2 eggs ? From one
point of view all the 200 should be at the best possible qual-
ity. From another point of view not so — whole machinery
running too slow for best results. Too few workers en-
gaged in giving her the wherewith, and those few too lan-
guid about it. Egg No. 1,500 at the close of a day when
she would gladly have laid 2,000 is apparently the child of a
stress and superabundance which cannot exist in the other
case. Whole thing does not amount to a hill of beans, per-
haps— and then, again, perhaps it does.

Hard to get the long Alley strips if one must not let a
breeding queen have any large room ahead.

While we're at it I'll go somewhat further and say that
I have suspected that influences — needed influences of devel-
opment coming from the living bees — go right through the
sealing of cells, and are needed by sealed cells, and missed
when absent, and also missed when partially absent by the
colony's being too weak. This is altogether beyond and
apart from the danger of chilling. Where shall we get to,
then ? To the point where we must have a full, rousing
colony all the time, and the queen-rearing nucleus abolished.
Page 475.

[ Our Bec-Meepin§ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

An Older Sister— Bee Hat and Gloves.

I'm one of " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters," for I've been
handling bees for 33 years without a break. I'm in my 72d
year, and I've taken care of my apiary almost alone this
season, as my husband is an invalid.

My apiary has been growing smaller for about 13 years
— no great losses, but gradually ; the increase not being
equal to winter loss.

The seasons have been poor, but the colonies have been
well cared for. If I'm to blame it is because I neglected to
introduce young queens, and there was so little swarming.

Last season was the first entire failure we ever experi-
enced ; the bees stored a winter supply, but no surplus.
During fruit-bloom the bees built comb under the devices
and then starved, as I found to my sorrow when I returned
from Florida, May 2. I gave them syrup until they neg-
lected the feeders. Honey came with a flood, and as soon
as a bee left a cell it was filled with nectar, and the queens
had no chance to lay. There has been very little swarming
in our apiary. I would have preferred more.

A BEE-HAT OR MASK.

When I first began bee-keeping I purchased " Lang-
stroth on the Hive and Honey-Bee," and I followed his
directions in making a protector for my head, and I've
never regretted it. I've tried veils galore, but they would
catch on limbs of trees, and tear, or, while working, get
close to my face or head, or where it was fastened about my
neck, and I would be stung.

THE HAT AS I M.\KE IT.

I measure from the top of the head to my shoulders,
and cut this length from a web of fine wire-gauze, painted
green, allowing a liberal amount for hems, bottom and top.
I roll the hems, working all loose wire in, and bind with
cloth ; this is to prevent the ends of the wire from'scratch-
ing when set over the head. Then roll it into a cylinder
large enough to go over the head ; roomy, but not too large.
Sew a top to this cut from pasteboard, not round, but ob-
long. To the bottom a cape with an armhole on the right,
and open on the left.

The front should be shorter than the back, and rounded
out at the top. There should be a short piece over each
shoulder, with a draw-string at the bottom.!

I put the hat on. with my right arm through the hole,

and tie at the left, and put on a linen vest, and button it
up, and no bee can get at my head.

Bees do not sting through starched linen, and some-
times I wear a linen coat, as it has sleeves, and an apron
tied around, so that no bees can creep under it.

BEE-GLOVES.

I prefer a small buckskin glove with a gauntlet of tick-
ing or heavy drilling reaching to the elbow. I don't but-
ton the glove, but sew up the opening, having it loose so it
can be drawn on easily. I've tried rubber gloves, but they
are a delusion and a snare.

Clad in this armor I can work with confidence, knowing
that no bee can possibly sting me.

Peoria Co., 111., Aug. 10. Mrs. L. Harrison.

A Nevada Sister's Report.

Our bees have done well. I had 45 colonies in the
spring, and increased to 74, but did not receive any honey
to speak of from the increase, but they are all filled up
ready for the second crop of clover. From the old colonies
I obtained 29 cases of comb honey, and 70 gallons of ex-
tracted— beautiful alfalfa honey. I have sold 60 gallons of
extracted at 80 cents a gallon. We expect 11 cents a pound
for our comb honey. The second crop of clover is begin-
ning to bloom. I do all the work with the bees.

Washoe Co., Nev., Aug. 14. Mrs. B. A. Cooper.

Swarming"— Rearing- Queens-
Escape.

-Using- the Bee-

I am a reader of the American Bee Journal, and enjoy
it beyond expression. Although my apiary is small I take
pleasure in working in it. The season is fair ; I will get
three supers of comb honey to the hive. Some of this will
be on exhibit at the Clark County Fair.

As I am a novice in bee-keeping I wish to ask a few
questions :

1. Is natural swarming a hindrance to success ?

2. Can as good or better queens be reared by artificial
ways as by natural ?

3. If the queen-cells are cut out of the parent hive eight
days after the prime swarm issued, why do you prefer to
put the prime swarm on the old stand ? I like to give both
swarms the same chance.

4. Will a bee-escape work under a super or hive having
brood in them ? Mrs. Della E. Stone.

Clark Co., Wis., Aug. 6.

1. That depends. If you want increase it is all right to
let the colonies swarm. But if it is honey you want, then I
would try to have as little swarming as possible. It is not
an easy thing to prevent all swarming, but all but prime
swarms can be prevented without much trouble.

2. If you have only one colony you will get just as good
queens from it by natural swarming as by any artificial
process. But if you have a number of colonies it is not
wise to trust entirely to natural swarming. Find out which
is your best colony, and secure queens from that stock.

3. I don't cut out the cells when I make the change. I
let the bees do that part of it. I believe you will get better
results by throwing the flying force into the prime swarm,
as that will give you one strong colony, and it is the strong
colonies that give us the honey. If, however, you want to
give each colony equal chance, hive the swarm on a new
stand.

4. Not very satisfactorily. The bees are loth to leave
the brood.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song— words by Hon
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us one new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

*—-* — ■

The Premiums ofifered,this,week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

604

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

(

FROM MANY FIELDS

J

A Good Beginner's Report.

I have had a good year, and the honey is
still coming in. The weather is not the best
just now. Turns cold so easily. But when
they get a chance, the bees are working well.
I started in March with two colonies, and in-
creased to eight. My strongest colony has
given me ::iOO pounds of honey. I drew on it
for increase also, but used the other with
which I started in the spring for increase. I
sum it all up thus: 400 percent increase in
colonies; .50 percent income on investment,
plus all that a family of five can eat and what
I have given away. And these last two items
are of considerable importance. If I can do
as well every year I thinlc I would like to
keep bees all the time.

But something tells me that it would be the
part of wisdom to buy a barrel of sugar for
next year with part of the proceeds of this.
R. B. McCain.

Grundy Co., 111., Sept. 8.

Nevada Bee-Notes.

The past season has not been up to the aver-
age. The first crop from alfalfa was more
than an average gathering, but the second
bloom was light and we secured but little. Our
crop will be about 150 pounds per colony,
spring count.

This locality — the Big Meadow plain — will
produce this season about ten or twelve car-
loads. The honey is water-white.

Foul brood is everywhere around the Big
Meadow country, and we are now preparing
to fight it.

Nevada has a good foul brood law, copied
after the McEvoy plan, but as yet we have no
inspectors appointed. Nevada Ai-iakist.

Humboldt Co., Nevada, Sept. 3.

Season's Report— "Shook" Swarms.

The season being nearly closed I will re-
port the results. I have 17.5 colonies, spring
count, 2000 pounds of No'. 1 comb honey, 300
pounds of No. 2, and 3800 pounds of extracted
No. 1, all gathered after .July 15 from blue
thistle. It all came up and blossomed after
the rains which followed our terrible drouth.
Increase, none. Swarms cast, 10; 3 hived
themselves in hives of combs stacked up be-
side the honey-house; seven hived on three
frames and dummies, and the three frames
given to other colonies last week. I did not
divide any this season, as there was not over a
quart of bees in the best colonies June 1.

I notice a great deal about "shook"
swarms. That has been my practice ever
since I commenced using frames, about 25
years ago. I mark all my hives, just what
they produce ; the next spring I take brood
from those that did not do well, and build up
those that were the best, unless they are very
strong. When I see any inclination to swarm
I get an empty hive and put it in place of the
old one, find the frames with the queen, go to
a colony that did not do well the previous
year, draw out about four frames and put
them in with the one frame and queen, and
flW up the hive with frames of comb of thp

BBST

I tmm Honey For Sai6 1

^ ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS. S^

Alfalfa
Honey J^

This is the famou<^
White Extracted
Honey gathered lU
the great Alfalfa
reg-iods of the Cent
ral West. It is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who cares to eat
honey at all can t
get enough of the
Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
Honey J^

This is the well-
known light-colored
honey gathered from
the rich, nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms. I t has a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

;^ VVrite for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested. ^

A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. ^

^

Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. J

We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^

enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^

above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^

this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. *»•

^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111. S'.

Sections, Sliippina-Gases,
tioneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS

Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washiopton St.,
•»0Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

FREE FOR A MONTH ....

If yon are interested In Sheep In any wa;
jou cannot afford to be wlthont tlie best
Sheep Paper published In the United States.

Wool Markets and Sbeep

hsLS a hobbj which Is the sheep-breeder and
his Industry, first, foremost and all the time.
Are you Interested 7 Write to-day.

WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHIGABQ. ILL

5

TO START TOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the first J5 you
take in to start you in & jfood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for fiill line of saniplea
and directions how to beprln.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Cbicairo, Ills.

Please meutloti Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

See One Roll

nf Page Fence etretcbed up. Thai's convincinsr.
PAGE HOVKN WlllK FKNCK (O.. Adrian. Ilicli.

BEE=SUPPLIESf

.r:5 COoo^

ETerythine used by bee-keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt

service. Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich.

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS ^'v^-

Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 2 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians— None Superior. .'. Carniolans— None Better.

Untested, 75c each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: 0 for $ 7.2S

Select Untested, $1,00 each; 5 for S.OO | Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut, - CINCINMATI, OHIO.

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

605

colony I draw from. I leave about three
frames, and put on super; the rest of the
hive filled with dummies. I intend to have a
decrease instead of increase every fall, and
buy enough in the spring and transfer them.

I used to buy a good many queens, but I
found I had to get rid of about seven out of
tetf, as they were no good except to look at.
One lot of i|ueens I got, the drones all had
redeyes; the bees 'would not gather honey
enough to winter them. One other lot would
swarm all the time, and not one drop would
they have to winter on; they all died before
lime to put them in the cellar. The best lot
I ever got came from Massachusetts, every
one wfis leather-colored and good honey-
gatherers, and I have bred from iheni for three
years.

Two years ago I sent for a red clover queen ;
she came, and looked like a ''dandy.'' I
reared two queens from her, and have kept
the three colonies two seasons, and not one
section of honey have I got; No. 1 or No. 2
would have just a little chunk, about ^; of a
pound, and as black as New Orleans molasses.

I have tried the " shook " plan on them,
only I did not use an extra hive. I suppose
if we had more red clover instead of alsike
they would have been a real nice thing to
have. C. M. Lincoln.

Bennington Co., Vt., Aug. ai.

Bees Doing PFett.y Well.

Bees are doing pretty well here this season
on cotton. This is about the only plant we
get any surplus from in this locality. We
usually have plenty of horsemint, but we
rarely get any surplus from it. and do not de-
pend upon it as we do the cotton.

A few of the people here keep bees, but
most of them have them in box-hives.

F. R. Knauth.

Williamson Co., Texas, Aug. 33.

Dr. Gallup's Bees Good Ones.

On page 344, Mr. H. Alley says he had never
heard any one else say that Dr. Gallup's
queens were wonderful e.xcept Dr. Gallup. I
am the owner of the last bees that Dr. Gallup
reared — 22 colonies. They did not need any
doubling up to get honey. It is true that 3
colonies did not do well, and it was all they
could do to take care of one super, but the
other I'.i colonies handled two supers all right,
and the 22 colonies gave an average, per col-
ony, of 2:i'„ pounds over the balance of ray
apiary of 13s colonies. These 138 colonies
were doubled back to that number at the be-
ginning of the main honey -flow from 172 colo-
nies. About one-third of the 172 colonies were
bought from Tom, Dick, and Harry. The
balance were my own rearing ; out of that
whole outfit of 13S colonies only 23 could
handle two supers each. All were on Lang-
stroth frames, and all had the same show, one
with another, to get there. Of course, any
short of stores were fed until there was a liv-
ing on the outside. Our foul brood inspector
for this County said he never saw a more
uniform lot of bees than the Gallup bees. It
is true that the Gallup bees were not all hand-
some yellow ones; but how about those yel-
low dollars they put in the pocket over the
other bees* They are handsome enough.

Again, Mr. Alley says, "I have spent my
whole life in this branch ot apiculture, and

THousands ol Hives - Millions ot Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipmeat.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.
In addition to the many car-loads vre are shipping- to all parts of the United
States, we have just made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., WatertowM, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time
to send in your Beea-

paid for Beeswax. IT gHTiS

low, upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111.

Dittmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior of any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wholesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

Working -vrax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Itees^rax
al^f ays vranted at highest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

Sole Agents for Canada.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to give satisfaction — those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER. Our bus-
iness was established in 1S88. Our stock origi-
nated from the best and hig-hest-priced long-
tongued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 75c each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei [no queen) $2 each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

QuIrin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

Please mention Bee Journal "when "WTitiiut

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Bottles.

I 'i 13 f* 0* every
FOR

Honey
Dealers ...

G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,

MaDufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y.

36E4t Write for illustrations.

rtease mentiou Boa Journal wtien -WTitma

Wanted to Sell.

30 COLONIES Italian Bees in Dove-
tailed Hives, S-frame, self-spacing Hoffman —
frames in pood condition— at $3.5U a hive: 5 or
more hives at $3.00 a hive. One Cowan No. 15,
2-frame Extractor, and a lot of exiracting-
combs. Address, S. A. IVULLER.

3sA2t Box SS3, New Decatur, Ala.

Adel Queens.

One Queen, $1.00: more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz. All Breeding Queens.
.lsA3t H. ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.

ti^ease menuon Bee journal -wlieii -writuig

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.

Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices. SEEDS of Poney-plants.

C. li. W. WEBER fnT.rs^u'°rS°"^-"-^^^^

2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OMIO.

606

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

now, after 40 years' experience, if 1 can not
rear a queen that will live four months," etc.
Now, I do not believe a close observer like
Dr. Gallup was, had to rear thousands of
queens to learn how to rear a good queen.

S. Q. CONKLE.

Orange Co., Calif., Sept. 3.

A Good Report.

I started in the spring with one 3-frame
nucleus, increased to 2 colonies, and have
taken off 22h pounds of honey. I got 4 stray
swarms, and have taken, all together, 463
pounds of honey, all extracted.

.John C. Bull.

Porter Co., Ind., Sept. 1.

Poorest Year for Honey.

Yesterday I extracted 150 pounds of honey
from 40 colonies. A year ago I had 3300
pounds from 35 colonies.

This has been the poorest year for honey we
have had eince I commenced keeping bees, 11

years ago.

Hans Christensen.

Skagit Co., Wash., Aug. 25.

A Beginner's Report.

Last winter I bought 13 colonies; the un-
lucky one died, leaving me 12. Seven of the
12 were in box-hives, and I transferred them
into frame hives. I now have 28 strong colo-
nies. In July I introduced 12 Italian queens,
and all are doing nicely. I have something
near 1500 pounds of comb honey.

Henry Co., 111., Aug. 34. 0. L. Hatch.

Bees Have Done Well.

I have 14 colonies. I put 9 into the cellar
last fall, and took out .s last spring. I do not
increase much, as 1 double them and put back
most of the swarms, and in this way I get
more honey.

My bees are doing finely so far. I have sold
60 pounds of honey at 20 cents per pound,
and have about 12 supers that are about ready
to take off.

I intend to make more of a business of bees
and poultry.

I still want the "Old Reliable."

Luke Simmons.

Pope Co., Minn., Aug. 7.

The Season's Experience.

I have^had bees the most of the time for the
last 15 years. Sometimes I would have 1 or 2
colonies, sometimes none. I never had any
luck until last summer, when the bees did well
in storing honey but not in swarming. One
colony swarmed, but after I had it hived a
few hours they left, and I could not find
them. The [next day I found one swarm, but
it was on July 4 and 5, too late for swarms;
then I had two hives which I thought were
full of bees, so I forced a swarm out of them.
I took the frame with the queen and put it
in a hive ou'^the old stand. That worked
well; in a few days the new colony had
nearly all the bees, but in a week or two the
old were very strong. I Now the trouble comes.
I should have had a queen ready to put in the
old hive, but I had none, and left that to the
bees. Well, the one got its queen all right,
but the others missed it somehow ; the other
one also had queen-cells, but very short.

After the cells were all opened I looked for

Long Tongyes Valuable

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll In the
honey down In Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Not. 19, 1902.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply *' roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will e.xpress my
thanks for such queens. I am mort* than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders; Untested,
75 cents each; six, 14.00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal -when ■writing

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and yoQ may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam'8 poultry product pays
that Bum. Send 10c for samples and partic
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in
business. Draper PablUlilii{Co.,Chlc<{o,IU.
f lease mention Bee Journal -when ^itina.-

f^/vf Colfik For want of time to attend — .
rui OttIC „jii sell njy BEES at , lie .jery

low prices following. Good Italian Blood.
Strong colonies in 10-frame Langstroth Sim-
plicity and Dovetailed Hives, wiih honey for
winter. All perfectly healthy and excellent
condition. Price per single hive, $4; 5, at $3.50;
10, at $3.25; 20 or over, at $3. F.O.B. here, cash
with order. Reference: State Bank of Evanston.
E. E. Starkkv, H2f) Benson Ave., Evanston, 111.
37Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuelei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

One - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 1,00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival guaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Wease mention i^oe .to'iraai wben Tvritinfi:

MountiUniojGoll6Q6

Open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 w

instructors. Alumni and students occu- V

pying highest positions in Church and A*

State. E-^cpenses lower than other col- W

leges of equal grade. Any young person k

Mth tact and energy can have an educa- {•

tion. We invite correspondence. Send W

for catalog. \^

MOUNT UNION COIjLEGK, f

Alliance, Ohio. w

a queen, but no queen was to be seen. I
looked again and again, but no queen. In
about five or six weeks I looked again and
found plenty of eggs, but they were scattered,
so I thought it was not the work of a queen.
In some of the cells were six, eight or ten
eggs. By reading what others said I con-
cluded they must have a laying worker, but
the eggs hatched ; they also have queen-cells.
What will become of this thing? I have a
queen on the frame in the box that came by
mail. I will let her out soon, but I expect
she will be killed.

I also had a colony which became queen-
less last spring, so I bought a queen that was
a beauty ; she is nearly as yellow as butter.
A. S. Beiler.

Results of the Season.

My bees did very little good last year, and
I lost several colonies, but saved 14 to begin
with last spring, and they did very well this
season. I now have 3S, with what I caught
in the woods. 1 think I will get about 1000
pounds of honey, possibly more.

1 will just give a history of a swarm that
came to me about the last of May.. They have
filled two supers and the third one nearly
full, and cast two swarms. The first one has
filled one super and has the second nearly full,
and the second swarm has the first super just
about ready to take off ; so I will get about
six supers of honey, or nearly 144 pounds. I
think I can safely count on 1.30 pounds from
one swarm. These were part blacks, but
mixed with some as bright three-banded bees
as you would wish to see, and they are very
gentle. Geokgb H. Wells.

Johnson Co., Mo., Sept. 2.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois —The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers" Association will be held
in the Court House, in Rock ford. III., Tuesday
and Wednesday, net. 20 and 21, 1''03. A good
program is being prepared, and all interested
in bees are invited to attend.

Cherry S' alley, III. B. Kennedy, Sec.

Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet in the City and County Building in
Salt Lake City, Oct. 5, commencing at 4:30
o'clock p.m. Among the subjects discussed
will be the winter problem and the best method
to promote the interest of the State and National
Associations. E. S. Lovesv, Pies.

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we can
(«rnlsh Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

SB! 109> 251IS SOD)
Sweet Clover Iwhitei.... I .75 $1.40 $3.25 16.00

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

Alsike Clover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.0O

.Thlte Clover 1.50 2.80 6.S0 12.50

A. If alf a Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8.00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A OO.

1+4 4 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO. ILl.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Sept. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

607

The Geneva Bushel Crate. -Few improve-
ments in the way of labor, time and money
saving devices have been handed down to the
farmer of late which embody so many really
practical advantag^es, considering cost, as are
found in the Geneva Bushel Crate for the hand-
ling; of farm prodnce. Its adaptability, con-
venience, durability and saving" features are so
plainly evident that the wonder is it was not
thought of long- ag'o. Its usefulness is unlimi-
ted, serving- as it does every purpose for which
a basket can be used and every purpose fur

which a basket cannot be u-ed, at a much le^s
cost. For slorape purposes it is invaluable not
only for convenience of handling-, but because
of the ventilating features it atYords, reducing
spoilage to the lowest limit, making it far pre-
ferable to barrels, bins, or the conventional
pile in the corner of cellar or lield.

Being made of a regulation size suited to fit
the ordinary wagon-box, a good-sized load can
be hauled with comfort and convenience. The
saving in unloading is an item which alone will
pay for its cost in a short time. In picking,
gathering and marketing apples, potatoes,
peaches, corn, onions and other fruits and veg-
etables, the tieneva Bushel Crate certa'nly com-
mends itself to the eye of the practical farmer
as an article of utility he cannot well afford to
be without, especially when the low cost is con-
mpared to that of the ordinary

These crates can be brought out to proper
lengths, packed in bundles, ready for nailing
together, and the farmer can do his own car-
penter work during dull or rainy seasons, and
thus save considerable money. Prices on vari-
ous quantities can be had on request of the
makers, and any further information desired.
Address the (ieneva Cooperage Co., Geneva,
Ohio. We might add that in 100 lots the mate-
rial costs about eight cents per cratel Please
mention the Bee Journal when writing.

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADE. BuU

Strong, Chicken-
Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale
Prices. pQnrWarr&Dted. Catalog Free

40Etf

Please mentii

DAIRYMEN ARE DELmHTED

,- WeBUrtyou InbusloeSB. You mik.

« profits. Ebbt work. W« fufniah capital, bead
r \M cenU for fall line of B«mples Knd putlculam.

DRAPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago. Ills.

Please Tnention Bee Journal when ■wriliiig.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6J^ inches, bound in paper coyer — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver. 1 Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.

227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
Please mention Bee Journal -when <iratii^

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with clotb
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bat 60 cents; :or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only 11.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no fnrther binding is neces
•ary.

aEORQB W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL

BEE=B00K5

SiONT POSTPAID PT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

MA. A 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 113 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it ail reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Poiiiona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientitic. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadaut. — This classic in bee-culture has
Deen entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. ll. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound iu
cloth. Price, $1.20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. tt E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees anrt Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Bruod.

— Gives the .McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. K. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire.— Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MAKKKT yt;oTAT10NS

)

CHicAf.o, Sept. 8.— Honey U coming to mar-
kat guile freely, and is of first quality. This
fact induces the trade to take it, and people are
of the opinion that it is ijoiag to be reasonable
in price two factors which j^o far toward mar-
keting the product. Best grades of white comb
honev sell at about 14c per pound. Extracted,
|jH(Si7Hc, according to quality and package;
amber grades, SY,Cq,t,%c. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. BURXETT & Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section case, f3.2S;
Mo. 1, white amber comb, 24-8ection case, J3 00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24-section case. $2.7S;
Extracted, white, per lb., 6Kc; amber. S\i%bc.
Beeswax, 25(s30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.— Djmand for hooey
improving, at 15@16c for fancy white comb-
14g,lSc for No. 1; 13@14c for No. 2. Production
of honey in this vicinity is very light. This
market will have to depend on other sections
more this season than ever. Extracted honey
7to75ic for white; 6w6!^c for mixed and buck-
wheat. Beeswax, 28('_' 30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5M@6Kc,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 7®8iic, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16(ai6V^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 8.— New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more freelv, and the de-
mand is good for all grades. We quote fancy
white at from 14@15c, No. 1 at 13c, amber at
from ll«i 12c; no buckwheat on the market as
yet.

Extracted is plentiful, and in fair demand at
7c for the white, 6@6^c for the light amber
S@S(^c for dark. Southern in barrels at from'
5S@65c per gallon, according to quality. Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal at from 28@29c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. Aug. 8.— New hooey is now of-
fered very freely, particularly extracted. The
demand for honey is about as usual at this
time of the season. I made sales at the follow-
ing figures: Amber, S@5i4c; water-white al-
falfa, 6>4c; fancy white clover honey. 7@7Hc.
Comb honey, fancy water-white, brings from
14IS1SC. Beeswax, 27@3oc. C. H. W. Webes.

San Francisco, July 22.— White comb honer.
1154@13Hc; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white,
SViStS c: light amber, 4K@Sc; amber, 4^@4!ic-
'^^''^A 3*<@4Jic. Beeswax, good to choice, light'.
27«(a)29c; dark, 25@26c. '

This season's crop is not only unusually late,
but is proving much lighter than was generally
expected. While the market is unfavorable to
buyers, the demand at extreme current rates is
not brisk and is mainly on local account.

wantedT^<?^h1iey

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vonr best orice
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. IVluth Co.
32Atf Front and Walout, Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quaotitv, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey,

Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
flo-drip shipping-cases.

, ^ „ O. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY-White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax Soot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St.. Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

608

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 17, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
M'il^l mot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

^iea-;e n.enti<)ji B^e Journal when ■wntiiie

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It Is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
\ 25 cents; or will send it FREE as
' » a premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for ?1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch. Mich.

10 to 100 Colonies of

Yellow Italian Bees in

Povetail hives. Bees

_ and hives in first-class

JOflN DIVEKEY.

346 S. Kiver St., AURORA, ILL.

of 20
years' expe-

For Sai6

Position Wanted "e

APlAklST AND POULTKYMAN. A 1 reference
given. Address, AmericBn Bee Journal,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
Plep^e Ttenuon Bee Journal "wtien "writm^

10 COLONIES
OF BEES in

dovetailed eight
rcud condition. Address at once,
L. E. COX,
38Alt R F. D. 27, Mortonvllle, Ind.

"**iease mention Bee journal •wnen ■wntinp;

Wanted to Sell

frame hives, ficud condition.

RUY

■ jVfuU

Kgrover

P 'ATWHOLESALtPRiCEsThC GROWER

ROCHESTER. N. Y.

Please mention Bee Joorua.! -wtien WTitm^

Catnip Seed Free I

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
is cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regfular subscriber for send-
ing' us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.
GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

%is,ja^ia..3e,ja,ja,je,.ximy!m.ie,ss.jemjs,ji^)^^

f^ Dadant's Foundation

26tll
year

We guarantee Satisfaction. SJirn^?^^,^R";SNEis?1?o

No LOSS. PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHBBTINQ.

Wliv Hrtf^e W atA\ af\ «i/f»llV Because it has always given better satls-
VV liy UUCa IL »C11 »U WCIl r faction than any other. Because In as years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heeoers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦•

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslrolh on the Honey-Bee — Re\/isdci,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, *

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill L

KieAse meaTion Bee Journal ■when ■wntiri^

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, wis.. July ih, 1903.
The a. 1. KOOT Co.. Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:-1 thought I would write
you a few lines in rejiard to the Red
Clover Queen 1 got Irom you. They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but 1
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.

Just think, 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
laib. It seems asthoughthey willaurelv
an 48 more.

1 don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the othera.
or whether they uathered it from Red
Clover, but surely such bees are worth
money.

1 use the 8-frame Jurabo frame.

C. E. Kellogg.

C. E. Kellogg. Spring Bluff, Wis.

Dear Sir. —We have yours of July 18th
and would be glaa to have you advise us
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some parties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige. Yours truly.

THE A.I. Root Co.

HpRiN'o Bluff, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a. I. Root Co.. Medina, Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day. In regard to your question in
reference to the cappings of the honey
from these bees 1 will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
All two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. 1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and I will be glad to send you a

Now, I haven't told you ALL their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to handle I

9 about them that

There ;
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from Ibeir hooey-gathering; they don't seem to w
I will write you again in a few weeks and let you know if they All the 144 sections,
they will. Respectfully, C

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are agai
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

Breeding $o."0

Select Breeding 7.50

Extra Select Breeding 10.00

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., fledina, Ohio.

p^lAERieAA^

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., SEPT. 24, 1903.

No. 39.

610

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

PUBLISHED ■WE'tKLT BY

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Ghicago, 111.

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
(3-E30R.C3-E3 W. 'STOK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IIWPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, bat change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard. ■ ^ ^^

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get i°to
bee-keepincr. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called A Year
Among the" Bees," but that little ^ork has been out of print for a number
of years While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. IIIILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with^ the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. /a.

Or any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
1 book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not on y an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helning to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

A 5TANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FKEE

To Our Regular Paid-in-Advance Subscribers.
A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

V, _-v,„.- f^ fViP Amprlran Bee Journal, and your own subscription mu S

when you order one of these fine Queens. subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and

Send us $1.00 and the name (not your own) and address of Une l>tyv suDscrioer lor
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a P-mium ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ 3^^

Now, go out among your "ee-keeping neighbors and tnena j^^ „f the American

Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, tor tne asKin„, <i>, y

Bee Journal as you can use. Queens any way, send us $1.50 and

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, ^^^ .y^nToLZ Of course it is understood that the amount sent
we will credit your subscription for one year and ^'^ ™f ^^°" ^^J^.t^^/^ °' So" f;ou subscription is in arrears, be sure
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time, oo, yo

to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is P^^* ^u;^!^";^ subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new suDscrioers. ^

them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows .
One Queen, 7Sc.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us-and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST./CHICAGO, ILL.
40 Tested Italian Queens at Sl.OO each, as long as they last. Order quick.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, SEPT. 24, 1903,

No. 39.

(

Editorial Comments

Don't Let Your Colonies Starve. — The colonies that have
given the largest amount of surplus may be the ones that have the
smallest amount of honey for winter. To be sure, they may have an
abundance, but the very fact that they have done so well in the supers
suggests that they have put all above, and if they have kept the brood-
chamber filled with brood till late, they are the very ones that may
starve. After doing such good work for you in surplus, it would be
too bad to let them starve, wouldn't it *

Select Your Colonies to Breed Proiu.— No, it isn't the
wrong time of the year to decide the matter for next year. The per-
formance of each colony is more fresh in your mind now than it will
be next spring. If you cellar your bees, there is some danger that
they will be all mixed up, and that next spring you won't know which
is which. If you are wise, however, each hive will be numbered, and
you will have kept an exact account of the performance of each col-
ony, making it not so very hard to decide which colony, all things
considered, is the one that you want to rear queens from next year.

Select Your Drone-Breeders.— That may sound like strange
advice to some whose chief thought with regard to drones has been
the thought of entire suppression. To be sure, it is a good thing to
discourage the production of a lot of useless consumers, but it may be
well to suggest to you, oh, inexperienced beginner, that not all drones
are useless consumers. A few are absolutely necessary, if you are to
continue in the bee-business, and it is of highest importance that these
be of the best stock. So, besides selecting the best colony from which
to breed your queens, select one or more other colonies in which you
will encourage the rearing of a considerable number of drones. Now
is the time to make such selection.

FOul Brood at the Cliicaso Convention. — There appears
in a German bee-journal the statement that at a bee-convention held
in Chicago foul brood was much discussed, the sentiment prevailing
that fire was the only safe remedy, one bee-ksjsper asserting that out
of 667 infected colonies he had saved only three.

Our good German friends may be assured there is some mistake.
Although fire might be the advisable thing where only one or two
colonies were diseased, no one would advise it where a considerable
number of colonies were attacked. Thousands of colonies have been
successfully treated without resorting to such heroic measures as
burning.

An Extractor I'or E.vtracting Sections has often been
inquired for. So far as we know there is no special machine made for
that purpose. But for a tew cents any of the common honey-extract-
ors can be fixed to extract honey from sections. Here is one way to
do it:

Go to any tinner, and have him make a tin shelf, say ly-.i inches
wide and 6 inches long. Then have a wire hook about 6 inches long
fastened to the center of each end of the tin shelf, so as to be able

to drop it into the comb-basket of the extractor, hooking the two
wires over the outer edge. Then the sections can be put on this tin
shelf, one at a time, after uncapping them, and the honey thrown out.
It would be well to have a tin shelf for each comb-basket of the
extractor. Years ago, we believe these tin shelves (as we call them)
were furnished with the extractors. At least that is where we got the
idea. We do not claim any originality in the matter, but know it
will work. _^_^_^_^^_

A Severe Case of Stinging is reported in Praktischer Weg-
weiser. In an ungarded moment a child of 18 months wandered into
the apiary. Attracted by her cries, her father found her with her face,
ears, neck, head, and hands covered with stings. In greatest haste he
removed the stings, put the child in a bath-tub filled with cold water,
and continuously, for half an hour, poured upon her cold water from
the well. After the bath the stung parts were bathed with vinegar.
Then the mother put the child in bed, and warmed the shivering body
with the heat of her own body. Sleep soon ensued, and when the
child awoke, a few hours later, it was quite lively. There was no
swelling, and no evil aftereffects from the intense cold of the bath.

It would not be difficult to try the same cure in less severe capes —
continuous pouring of cold water followed by the application of
vinegar. Possibly it would not always work so well.

" The Queen-Bee and the Palace She Should Occupy "

is the title of a work of 75 pages, written by T. K. Massie, the said
" palace " being the "Massie Ideal Hive," invented by the author.
This hive, he announces, " is the only hive in existence which is com-
plete in itself. It has more good principles, and fewer objectionable
features, than any other." It is " decidedly the best hive ever made,"
and the " greatest labor-saving hive in existence."

At the outset the author declares himself in opposition to having
anything as " standard," his book being dedicated to " that progres-
sive spirit of American apiculture which recognizes no 'standard.' "
Something like 20 pages are occupied with queen-rearing and kindred
topics. The remainder of the work is devoted, in most part, to in-
struction in bee-keeping, as practiced by the author with his hive.
Those who use " Massie's Twentieth Century Combined Ideal Bee-
Hive " should secure this book.

Screens for Apiaries. — Those who wish to keep bees in towns
or cities have a problem to meet that does not concern the man whose
bees can be located at safe distances from any highway. Unless spe-
cial precautions are taken, the bee-keeper with only a small city lot,
and with neighbors clote about him on all sides, is pretty sure to get
into ttouble on account of an occasional sting inflicted upon a passer-
by. A board fence. 7 or 8 feet high, will put the flight of the bees
above the danger-line. Such a fence, however, is not a very sightly
affair. Mr. Wm. Duncan has solved the problem by means of a living
screen.

It is not a very diflicult matter to establish such a screen. For its
basis a fence of poultry-netting; then vines to cover the netting, and
your screen may be made a thing of beauty. Among the vines that
may be used for immediate effect may be mentioned, morning-glory,
nasturtium, wild cucumber, Madeira-vine, hop-vine, etc. At the same
time, if desired, the're are other vines that can be started for a more
permanent effect, such as grape-vine, Virginia creeper, or American
ivy, etc.

612

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

Miscellaneous Items

]

Mr. a. p. Raught, of Lake Co., 111., called on us Sept. 16, and
reported the best season he has ever known. He started with 4 colo-
nies last spriDfc, increased to 10, besides losing one prime swarm, and
had taken off 640 pounds of the finest white clover comb honey, which
likely would be increased to 700 pounds by the end of the season. He
was mostly smiles when we saw him.

Tyler Bros, (three of them) recently shipped to Paris, France,
two car-loads of fine alfalfa honey in 60-pound cans, from their
Nevada apiaries. The price received for the honey was 5}. i cents a
pound, f. o. b. starting point. This is $110 a ton, or *3640 for the twO'
cars. America can easily help to sweeten the people across the seas.
And when they once get a taste of that delicious alfalfa honey, they
will want more of it. At least that is the way it works with this
pencil-shover.

The Apiart op F. L. Touncman appears on the first page this
week. It is located in an orchard, and consists of 120 colonies, all in
the Hilton chaff hives, which, he thinks, is an ideal hive for a cold
country. In fact, Mr. Youngman thinks they are better for the bees
in the summer, as the chaff walls keep the hot sun from the brood-
nest, thereby letting the bees work during the hot part of the day,
instead of hanging on the outside, as they do on a single-walled hive.

Mr. Youngman used, for the first this year, the plain section and
fence, and found them the finest thing in the shape of honey sections
he had ever used. He says they are more easily cleaned, give the
bees better access through the super, and make, when filled, a clean
and neat looking piece of honey.

The honey-flow, in his locality, was better this season than it had
been for years. The raspberries, white clover, basswood, buckwheat,
and fall flowers gave a long honey-flow, and made the bee-keeping
business one of profit as well as pleasure for him.

The Grand Canton of the Colorado River, in Arizona, 6.5 miles
north of Williams, we had been told, is a wonderful sight. In last
week's issue we had just arrived at Williams, and were about to start
on the side-trip to see the biggest hole in the ground, we suppose,
there is anywhere in the world.

At Williams, Mr. S. W. Barnes, the genial Traveling Freight and
Passenger Agent of the Santa Fe railroad, got aboard. It was his duty
to answer questions and make everybody feel happy. He seemed to
enjoy his work. At least he didn't act as if it disagreed with him. Of
course, he knew everybody and everything all around the Grand Can-
yon. So he was a handy man to have on board. He talked as it he
thought the Santa Fe was the greatest railroad going through the
greatest part of the country in all the world. And Grand Canyon —
well, that would have to be seen in order to be appreciated !

It was nearly 7 p.m. when we arrived at the Grand Canyon, early
enough to get a good view of it before dark. We all walked up to its
edge, or rim, and— looked. Well, there is no doubt about its being a
big hole. It is wonderful. There is no use in any one trying to
describe the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. One might as well
attempt to tell all about the Rocky Mountains, or all about the United
States, or all about bee-keeping, or any other impossible thing.

We were told that the Canyon, at that particular point, is 1.3,14
miles wide, and about one mile deep. But it didn't seem so. Some
of us just knew it couldn't be posiible. But it wouldn't do to get too
contradictive, or one might get pushed off the edge of that almost
bottomless pit, and then it would be good-bye forever.

It was Saturday night. And no barber-shop within 65 miles.
What were the rough-bearded ones to do i No shave since the Wednes-
day before, when leaving Chicago. We were about to give up the
idea of shaving, and thus be more in accord with the wild and dreary
place in which we were stopping, when we were informed that the
two city young men who had started out with the bee-keepers' car
were barbers, and had their tools with them. One end of the tourist
car was soon transformed into a barber-shop, and the car seats used
as barbers' chairs. While one young man lathered the stubby faces,
the other did the " scraping," and soou all were smoothly shaven —
at 25 cents each !

The young barbers made so much that they decided to leave the
next forenoon instead of waiting until Monday. So that was the last
we saw of our " jolly barber boys."

It was arranged amongst us to hold a religious service in the hotel
parlor on Sunday morning, at 6:15 o'clock, where there were a good
supply of comfortable chairs and a first-class piano. We had taken
with us a couple song books, as well as some other special music. Mr.
and Mrs. Tallady had also brought a Sunday-school singing book.
Familiar songs were selected, so that tew books were needed. Mrs.
York played the piano, and her smaller half managed the program.

After singing one or two inspiring songs, Dr. Miller was called on
to read the scriptures and offer prayer. Then another song, after
which A. I. Root acted as preacher and talked to those present on ,
" In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths."
He didn't talk long, so no one went to sleep. It was really a
helpful discourse, and made all feel better to start the day in that
delightful way. After a duet by the pianist and program manager,
and also a hymn by the " congregation,'' N. E. France closed the ser-
vice with prayer.

Then all went to breakfast.

But after breakfast, what was to be done? Dr. Miller and the
women-folks evidently decided to take things easy, and rest. But Mr.
Root was as uneasy as a cat in a strange garret. He wanted to go
down the trail into the Canyon. And yet he couldn't quite think it
in exact accord with the command, " Remember the Sabbath day to
keep it holy." But the more he thought about it the more he felt he
ought to walk down into that Canyon, even if it was Sunday. Others
were going, some on horseback, or muleback, and some a-foot. It was
too much. He simply must get down into that Canyon, and also be
first to " get there." It seemed too bad, after coming so far, and
spending so much good money! to reach only the rim of it, wouldn't
do at all.

So off he started — down the trail — the liveliest boy of all. In
fact, he led the party that walked. Among them were the writer,
Tallady, Schneider, Moe, and Woods. And Mr. Hyde rode a horse, at
S4.00 for the round trip.

We wish we could tell our readers all about that trail or single-file
path that zigzags down the Canyon. Just imagine walking down the
edge of an almost straight-up-and-down hill for about four or five
miles, in a dusty, much-traveled path, and you can have a little idea
of what it meant. It took about two hours to reach the table-land be-
low, which was still 1500 feet above the waters of the Colorado River.
We all went only to the rocky bank of the river, which was 1000 feet
almost directly above the water, which looked about a rod wide below,
when, in reality, it was 500 feet! The water is muddy, and rushes
along at a rapid rate.

About a '30-minute walk back from the place where we saw the
river running through the deep gorge, are nine white tents, where
people can remain all night if they wish. From the top of the Canyon
all of these tents together look about the size of two ordinary hand-
kerchiefs. One can also get a meal here if he so desires. Several of
us did so, after taking a short nap. And then came the walk and
climb back to the hotel at the top of the Canyon. It still makes us
tired to think of it. It was a sultry Sunday afternoon. And down
in that old hole — oh, how hot it was! Not a breath of air! And to
climb several miles on a criss-cross, dusty, narrow mule-path — do you
wonder that the effort was almost too much for some of us — especially
for those who had been used to sitting at an office-desk' Several
times we thought we would have to stop, and send for a horse or mule
to take us up and out. Mr. Root, as well as several of the others of
the party, were also winded pretty badly. But Mr. Woods and the
writer pushed on, resting often, and finally got so far ahead of the
others that we feared possibly Mr. Root had given out, or else some
one else. We feared so much for Mr. Root that when we did finally
reach the hotel we ordered a guide and horse to go and meet him at
once. They did so, and soon came up with him and the rest of the
party. (But Mr. Root said afterward that he could have made the
trip all right without the aid of the horse. )

It would be utterly impossible for us to describe adequately the
Grand Canyon. In fact, so far as we know no one has been equal to
that task. But in a book called " The Titan of Chasms,'' the author
has this to say :

" Stolid, indeed, is he who can front the awful scene and view its
unearthly splendor of color and form without quaking knee or tremu-
lous breath. An inferno, swathed in soft celestial fires; a whole
chaotic under-world just emptied of primeval Hoods and waiting for a
new creative word; eluding all sense of perspective or dimension, out-
stretching the faculty of measurement, overlapping the confines of

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

613

definite apprehension, a bodinfj, terrible tiling, unflinchingly real, jet
spectral as a dream. The beholder is at first unimpressed l\v any
detail, he is overwhelmed by the ensemble of a stupendous panorama,
a thousand square miles in extent, that lies wholly beneath the eye, iis
if he stood upon a mountain peak instead of the level brink ot a fear-
ful chasm in the plateau, whose opposite shore is 13 miles away. A
labyrinth of huge architectural forms, endlessly varied in design,
fretted with ornamental devices, festooned with lace-like webs formed
of talus form the upper cliffs, and painted with every color known to
the palette in pure transparent tones of marvelous delicacy. Never
was picture more harmonious, never flower moreextiuisitely beautiful.
It flashes instant communication of all that architecture and painting
and music for a thousand years have gropingly strived to express. It
is the soul of Michael Angelo and of Beethoven.

" A canyon, truly, but not after the accepted type. An intricate
system of canyons, rather, each subordinate to the river channel in the
midst, which, in turn, is subordinate to the whole effect. That river
channel, the profoiindest depth, and actually more than 0000 feet be-
low the point of view, is in seeming a rather insigniflcaot trench,
attracting the eye more by reason of its somber tone and mysterious
suggestion than by an appreciable characteristic of a chasm. It is per-
haps five miles distant in a straight line, and its uppermost rims are
nearly -10(10 feet beneath the observer, whose measuring capacity is
entirely inadequate to the demand made by such magnitudes. One
can not believe the distance to be more than a mile, as the crow flies,
before descending the wall or attempting some other form ot actual
measurement.

" Mere brain knowledge counts for little against the illusion un-
der which the organ of vision is here doomed to labor. Yonder cliff,
darkening from white to gray, yellow, and brown as your glance
descends, is taller than the Washington Monument. The Auditorium
in Chicago would not cover one-half its perpendicular span. Yet it
does not greatly impress you. You idly toss a pebble toward it, and
are surprised to note how far the missile falls short. By and by you
will learn that it is a good half mile distant, and when you go down
the trail you will gain an abiding sense of its real proportions. Yet,
relatively, it is an unimportant detail of the scene. Were Vulcan to
east it bodily into the chasm directly beneath your feet, it would pass
for a bowlder, if, indeed, it were discoverable to the unaided eye.

" Yet the immediate chasm itself is only the first step ot a long
terrace that leads down to the innermost gorge and the river. Roll a
heavy stone to the rim and let it go. It falls sheer the height of a
church or an Eiffel Tower, according to the point selected for such
pastime, and explodes like a bomb on a projecting ledge. If, happily,
any considerable fragments remain, they bound onward like elastic
Imlls, leaping in wild parabola from point to point, snapping trees like
straws; bursting, crashing, thundering down the declivities until they
make a last plunge over the brink of a void; and then there comes
languidly up the cliff sides a faint, distant roar, and your boulder that
had withstood the buffets of centuries lies scattered as wide as
Wyclift'e's ashes, although the final frangment has lodged only a little
way, so to speak, below the rim. Such performances are frequently
given in these amphitheaters without human aid, by the mere under-
mining of the rim, or perhaps it is here that Sisyphus rehearses his
unending task. Often in the silence of night some tremendous frag-
ment has been heard crashing from terrace to terrace with shocks like
thunder-peal.

" The spectacle is so symmetrical, and so completely excludes the
outside world and its accustomed standards, it is with difficulty one
can acquire any notion of its immensity. Were it half as deep, half
as broad, it would be no less bewildering, so utterly does it baffle
human grasp."

Well, iM had seen the Grand Canyon. And we will never forget
it. Oh, how our legs ached ! Why, for several days afterward we
could scarcely walk. We preferred to sit down and take it easy.
Even after getting to Los Angeles we could scarcely go up and down
stairs. Mr. Root didn't complain any, but we knew from the way he
walked — sort of softly like, as if fearing to step on a nest ot eggs— he
must be pretty stiff and sore.

It had been announced that in the evening there would be a praise
service in the hotel parlor. So at about 7 ;30 a number gathered again
and sang for an hour. And so closed a Sunday at the Grand Canyon.

But, hold on I it wasn't closed, either, for it was reported that one
of our bee-keepers was missing ! Think of it! He might have fallen
over the precipice into the Canyon !

It was Mr. Kluck. Some one had seen him start down the trail at
5 p.m. It was now 9 o'clock, and no Mr. Kluck could be found. Mrs.
Kluck was worrying about him greatly in the car. So we and some
others began to consider starting a searching party down the Canyon.

By the way, there is a private telephone that connects with the
tents down in the Canyon below. But after much vigorous ringing it
was impossible to raise any one at the lower end, so we could not in-
quire whether or not Mr. Kluck had been there.

But in a little while who should come stomping in but Mr. Kluck
himself? He had walked down to the tents and back since 5 o'clock '.
It must have been a very dangerous trip after dark.

We felt quite certain Mrs. Kluck would settle the matter with her
re-discovered partner just as soon as she found a suitable time and
place. He will hardly runaway again — not soon. He seemed quite
willing to sit very still all the next day, evidently meditating— and
resting his tired legs.

It was during a meal at the Grand Canyon hotel that Mr. Root
turned to a young lady boarder, who had just seated', herself beside
him at the table, and said, " Can I have some pudding?" He evidently
was in deep meditation, and thought it was a waitress who had just
come his way. The young lady didn't get him any pudding !

During both nights at the Canyon we were awakened by the mo.st
unearthly sharp cries, or barks, we had ever heard. We at first
thought it might be Indians, but discovered later that it was a bunch
of coyotes holding a midnight " convention." Evidently one of their
number was trying to introduce some amendments to the Constitution,
and the rest of the crowd objected, and all spoke at once! We don't
say that was really the cause of their trouble, but surely there was
trouble, if we might judge from the coyotic sounds that pierced the
midnight air.

On Monday morning, at 9:15, the car started back to Williams,
arriving there about noon. Next week we will go on to Los Angeles.

I Convention Proceedin§s j

The Los Angeles Convention.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from page 598.)
Mr. J. A. Reed then spoke as follows, on
THE CITRUS FRUIT EXCHANQE— ITS WORK AND
METHODS.

I will say, to begin with, that the citrus fruit industry-
dates baclt quite a number of years in Southern California.
Some 12 or IS years ago, when I first commenced to know
something- about this industry, there were, comparatively
speaking, few oranges shipped from Southern Califortiia.
The men who owned oranges in those days had little diffi-
culty in selling them. It was the custom then to go out and
examine a man's orchard, see about how many oranges he
had, and then make him a lump offer for his orchard. There
were a good many buyers in the field ; they had money, and
it was a speculative business. That was by the commission
men, and these men paid them good returns.

It was not difficult at all to sell oranges in those days,
because there were a good many buyers in the field, they
were competing against each other, and there were, com-
paratively speaking, very few oranges. The demand was
more than the supply. But on account of the prices they
received for their oranges, there was no inducement for
men who came here with money to set out orange groves.

In a few years, from shipping a few thousand cars, we
had anywhere from 15,000 to 16,000, and after a few years
we had 26,000 car-loads shipped out of Southern California.
When the oranges began to increase, we found that the
buyers were not nearly so anxious to buy. One reason was,
that they could not make as good profits as they had been
doing ; another reason, they said, was that the orange grow-
ers were like all other growers all over the United States—
they were not business men, were not capable of handling
their own business. All they could do would be to organize
to look after their products in the East.

There was an organization formed, the object of which
was to do away with competition from the buyers, and they
laid out certain districts, simply took and handled the fruit
for us, and made the grower as good returns as their con-
science would allow them. Several years ago, the more
oranges they grew the poorer the grower became at the cad
of the season. On man, of whom I can tell you, had a good
crop, 12 car-loads, and when he got through the first year's
business he owed the firm S1800 for the privilege of growing
and shipping. This is one instance.

In order to assert their rights, and get something for
their labor, they realized they must organize, that they
must get together, and co-operate, and the otily way to co-
operate was to get every grower who would join in with the

614

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

co-operation, and the question came up. How best to or-
ganize? In producing honey, I do not suppose there are
near the difficulties that there are in the orange business,
for this reason : All over Southern California we have dif-
ferent climates, different soils, and it does not make any
difference where you go, which one of these localities, that
was the one which was producing the best oranges that
could be grown. A man would say, " I am not going to
pool my fruit with any man down below Los Angeles,
where they produce dirty, cheap trash." Another said, " I
am not going to come in, for I have the finest fruit grown."
Another said, " We have no black scale, our fruit don't need
washing, don't need any cleaning." We found the best way
to do was to organize them into localities, let each locality
have its own organization, and let each organization be
composed of the growers.

A great many organized on the basis of acreage, claim-
ing that a man who had 100 acres had more right to say
what the association should be than a man that had 10
acres. There were a number of the different local associa-
tions organized on the basis of acreage, and others on the
number of boxes produced ; it did not make much difference
how they organized, so that they got together and organized
and co-operated. The difficulties that came up were these :

" Why, you have got nobody connected with your organi-
zation that knows anything about selling fruit." But we
did have men here who had business training, business
sense, and they got together and said to the orange growers
of Southern California, " We certainly have men who have
business ability, and being orange growers they certainly
can manage and run our business for us."

A great many said, " It never will succeed, because we
did not go out and employ the so-called commission man,
who had for years run this business, and get them to run it. "
But we said, " No ; it was right that the orange growers
should be the men to manage their own business."

We started with organizations in different places.
There were many sections that did not organize. Many
said we will just lay back and take advantage of these fel-
lows who are going to do so many wonderful things ; we
will sell our fruit, and let them hold theirs, and see who is
the loser. So, no completed organization was effected, and
we thought best to do this : Make an organization in each
locality ; let that organization look after the local part of
the work ; let it be composed of the growers that are
directly interested there. And that was done.

Local organizations came together and incorporated,
and after they incorporated one said, " It is pretty hard to
transact business." So we found it best to have the local
organization responsible for the material which it bought,
and also responsible to its individual growers (members).
Then we found these organizations had to be bunched to-
gether in district exchanges. Each county was entitled to
one. Wherever there was a large enough acreage in the
county we allowed two or three in the county. A number
of these local exchanges said : " We must have a head to
us." Therefore they got together and selected one man
from each one of them, and they elected one member a
director in the Southern California Fruit Exchange. They
got together, that is, and elected one man to represent that
locality at the Exchange. Then the exchanges got together,
and from their number, the directors selecting one to the
Southern California Fruit Exchange. This was called the
head of the institution, and that was made up of six differ-
ent exchanges, comprising citrus fields from Taylor County
on the north as far as San Diego County on the south, in-
cluding Santa Barbara, Ventura, and all the different coun-
ties within that district.

We adopted a method that had been in vogue among
the commission sellers, seeing that the only way to sell was
to sell in the manner in which they sold heretofore. We
followed them for a year, but found that it was not the
thing to do. We then sold our oranges on what was called
the f. o. b. plan, but we found that did not work success-
fully in the interests of the grower ; therefore we aban-
doned that, and adopted a new plan and called it selling the
fruit delivered. We ship our fruit, and have for some six
years under that plan. The plan is this :

We get the local organization to say how many car-loads
of fruit, when the fruit is ready to go, and when they want
to ship it. The different localities vary in that, and we have
to work and protect as far as possible each locality. The
local association employs the labor that is necessary to put
the fruit on board the cars. They then turn around and
deliver the fruit to the local exchange, and the local ex-
change bills it to the Southern California Fruit Exchange,
and they employ an agent in the East, and they look after

the general part of the selling. That makes the selling of
it no difficulty, if it is all under one head. We found that
the only way we could do, instead of hiring men in the East
that were directly interested in the sale, was to hire men
that were competent salesmen, pay them good salaries, put
them under bond, and allow them to sell the fruit to the
highest market price as fast as it was shipped to them. And
we have been successful. For I say to you that there is no
organization in the world composed of producers that has
the reputation for doing anytliing like what the Southern
California Fruit Exchange has done.

Not counting this year, but five years previous to this
year, we tranacted a business of $25,000,000, and our finan-
cial losses were less than % ol\ percent — something. If you
will ask your bankers East, or any place, to give you a
record of anything of the kind, they can give you nothing,
because it is a wonderful record.

The California Fruit Exchange is made up of producers
that have been successful. There were always some grow-
ers that would not unite with the Southern California Fruit
Exchange, and that would rather sell their fruit on board
cars in California than to ship to Eastern markets and take
their chances there. We issued a circular for years, show-
ing that we could show better results than selling f. o. b.
California, for this reason : In shipping East we did away
with trying to encourage the producer to gamble on the
future. No class of farmers make a greater mistake than
those who are trying to speculate and gamble. Grow your
product ; put it on the market, and that is all the producer
is entitled to. If he undertakes to hold it one year, or two
years, or three years, he is gambling, and it spoils him if
he once wins, generally speaking.

This exchange has done more towards helping the indus-
try than anybody not familiar with the facts can realize. I
remember in the bank where I was engaged, that it was
almost always slow money on orange land. The first ques-
tion asked was, " What did you realize for your crop last
year?" and the majority had to acknowedge that they real-
ized nothing out of their crop.

How can you expect to borrow when you can not show
how you are going to pay interest? You can not do it. As
soon as the organization was effected, the banks all over
Southern California came to the association, and said : " If
you have any growers who desire any money advanced to
them on their crop, we are willing to advance any reasonable
amount of money." Within two years it was altogether a
different proposition to go to the bank and borrow money,
from what it had been. I claim it was altogether on account
of the organization, because it placed the industry on a
sound basis.

Of course, there is always more or less trouble and dis-
satisfaction in any organization of this kind. Each man,
whether a producer or a seller, has a part to perform, and
unless he does his part, and does his part well, you can not
expect good results ; but, almost invariably, if you will give
me any cause of dissatisfaction or trouble, I will show you
that the trouble has been that some one has neglected to do
what is right, and to do his duty. If the grower will grow
his fruit, put it on the market, he has done what he can ;
then leave it to the selling agents.

I want to say that on account of a good many of the
growers not coming into the Southern California Fruit Ex-
change, on account of about SO percent of them always
wanting to sell their fruit f. o. b. California, there is always
a good deal of competition coming up. For instance, there
was about SO percent of the fruit acreage right in competi-
tion with the grower, and the growers themselves were the
worst enemies that the organization had in competition,
because the commission merchant found he could ship his
next door neighbor's fruit and compete with us.

I will speak of the Exchange selling fruit in competi-
tion with the outside shipper. If he can get his money he
has done his part, and the other fellow must take the
chances and risk. Every man does that who goes into the
market. We do, and, of course, if he can not sell it one way
he will sell it another.

One of the easiest ways to sell fruit is to cut the price —
that is, a great many people believe that, and almost as soon
as our car strikes a market, there is another car on the track.
We have a great many times met competition, and some-
times have cut the price. A proposition came to us last
winter to do away with the cutting of prices. The outside
shippers got together and formed what is now called the
California Citrus Union. They came to the Exchange and
said, " We do not want our growers to give up their idea of
selling their fruit. We want to come with vou and form

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

615

what is known as an agency, so that nearly all the product
can be sold through one medium."

In April last we formed what is known as the California
Fruit Agency, which was a combination of the two. The
outside shippers forming themselves together and fixed the
prices for packing and putting the fruit on board the cars,
thereby becoming nothing but packers virtually, and the
California Fruit Exchange retaining its membership and
running its business as it had been doing.

This last year you may hear of as a disastrous year. I
want to say to you it was largely due to two or three facts.
We must all admit that sometimes climatic conditions are
such that we do not grow as good fruits as others. I do not
know whether that occurs in producing honey or not. I
suppose it is all sweet, and sticky, and you never have any
poor honey. But some years we have better fruit than
others, and this last year we didn't have as good fruit by
far as fhe average California fruit. This condition led the
growers to believe if they would hold off they could get bet-
ter prices. A great many growers held off, and all waited
until late in the season. A great many were deceived in re-
gard to the amount we had. Up to the first of May we had
shipped less, but during the month of May we shipped a
larger number of oranges out of California than we had
ever shipped before in the history of the industry. It was a
mistake to hold back. We missed out on the market, and
the consequence was that all over the United States oranges
sold lower than for years, and the fruit did not carry as well.

I will venture to say, if you will go over this entire
country, you will find that those who have not received
good returns can lay it to the fact that they held the fruit
and shipped it late. A proper distribution is a wonderful
thing for the producer, and if you can so arrange what you
produce that you can put it out during the period it is con-
sumed, you can get better results than to crowd it all into a
short space of time.

I do not know that I can say anything more to the bee-
men, only this : That if the bee-men of this State, or of
the United States, would get together on a plan of coopera-
tion, I dare say you will have no trouble in getting good
results and good prices for your honey. Without co-opera-
tion, I can only see how once in awhile a man can get the
results that he would get if all combined and worked to-
gether. A single individual may want to stand out. Do
not stand out in the organizing because of one or two men
that are not willing to come in. If they won't all work
together, get together as many as you can, and, if you can,
transact your own business, get fair results, and do it at a
medium cost.

The old-line packers used to get 45 and SO percent for
putting it on board cars ; they used to charge 10 percent
commission for handling the fruit. Since the organization
of the Southern California Fruit Exchange we have reduced
the cost — the net cost. The cost of labor has advanced,
material is reduced about 2'^ cents a box, but we have re-
duced the entire cost IS to 18 cents a box. That means a
saving of hundreds of thousands of dollars to the growers.
We have reduced the cost on an average to about 6 or 7 cents
per bos — the entire cost, I am speaking about ; so you can
see what we have accomplished by organization, and what
we have saved the growers and producers.

If you will organize and select good men to transact
your business, there is no reason in the world why the
honey-producers of this country should not make as good a
record as the orange growers have done in Southern Cali-
fornia. J. A. Reed.
[Continued next week. )

Proceedings of the Texas Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion Held at the A. & M. Collegre, at College
Station, July 8 to 10, 1903.

BY LOUIS H. SCHOI,!,, SEC.

(Continued from page 591.)

TEXAS APICULTURE A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY.

First, I wish to say that, according to the last census,
Texas is now the leading State in the production of honey
and the value of apiarian products. According to the cen-
sus, Texas produced, in 1899, 4,780,204 pounds of honey and
159.690 pounds of beeswax, with a value of $468,527. The
n umber of farms reported keeping bees was 60,043, and the
number of colonies kept was 392,644. Texas leads in the
production of honey by over one million pounds. Bee-keep-
ers from other States are learning of the vast honey-re-
sources of Texas, and are coming every year, and soon I

expect to see all the territory covered by bee-keepers. Great
numbers of bees are being brought into the State, and all
bee-keepers are increasing their present stock, so that it is
only a matter of a few years until the territory will be
stocked.

The industry is also a profitable one. Colonies yielding
from SO to 150 pounds of honey a year, which sells at from
5 to 9 cents per pound, so that the income is considerable.
The value of the yearly increase, and the value of the bees-
wax, ought to keep up the expenses of the apiary, so that the
honey money may be considered as that much above ex-
penses.

The farmer who cultivates one hundred acres in cot-
ton will make, perhaps, if everything is favorable, some 35
bales of cotton, worth about $8.00 per bale profit, on an
average, or $280 gain for the year; the stockman, with his
1000 acres, may make f 1000 clear in some years. In other
years, he has to feed, and low prices for beef cause him to
make nothing. The physician may book $3000, and perhaps
may collect $1500 ; the truck-grower may make from $1000
to $2000 in some years on his melons, beans, onions, and
cabbage, and then a succession of drouths and he loses all
he has made. The lawyer may get some good fees, and
make a handsome amount of money. Then, again, in some
other years the citizens are so law-abiding that he almost
starves to death. But, gentlemen, the bee-man never has a
failure, never knows any want, but with his 1000 colonies
rarely ever clears less than $5000.

In nearly all parts of Texas bee-keeping pays, yet it pays
best in Southwest Texas, where the conditions are especially
favorable, and where the flora is best adapted to the bees.
Southwest Texas has never known an entire failure, some-
thing that can not be said of any other State, to my knowl-
edge. There is always a crop of honey, more or less, so that
the industry may be said to be a stable one, and one on
which you may depend upon for a good living in Southwest
Texas. I believe Southwest Texas to be the best bee-coun-
try in the world.

In Southwest Texas there are millions of acres of land
on which there are no bees to cover it, and consequently
there are millions of pounds of honey going to waste an-
nually. There is plenty of unoccupied territory, and it only
awaits the coming of the bee-man with his bees, to be in-
deed and in truth the greatest honey country on earth.

In coming to Southwest Texas, we would ask that you
first come and look for yourself, and then pick an unoccu-
pied location where there will be no kicks from the man
who is already established. It is not only not right, but it
is pound foolish, to put down bees near another man when
there is so much unoccupied territory as there is in South-
west Texas.

In conclusion, I invite all who wish a pleasant and
profitable business to come to Southwest Texas and engage
in bee-keeping, starting in with a limited number and in-
creasing your bees as you learn the business. We have
good faith in the industry in our part of the country, and
we invite all doubters to come and see for themselves.
O. P. Hyde.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS.

Resolved, That we, the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association,
in regular session assembled, extend our thanks to the re-
tiring officers for the faithful way they have discharged
their duties.

Resolved, That we request our Secretary to extend all
aid possible to organize branch and local bee-keepers' asso-
ciations, and assist those already organized.

Resolved, That we extend our thanks to Pres. J. H.
Connell and Prof. B. C. Pittuck, Secretary, for the faithful
way in which they have arranged the entire proceedings,
and for their untiring effort to entertain all who attend the
meetings of the Farmers' Congress.

Resolved. That we extend our thanks to our entomolo-
gist. Prof. E. D. Sanderson, and to his assistant, E. H.
SchoU, for the great interest they have taken in our work,
and assisting us in every way possible.

Resolved, That we extend our thanks to Prof. F. W.
Mally, Prof. E. B. Sanderson, and Prof. Wilmon Newell,
for their speeches on thorough organization, etc., and for
assisting us in other ways.

Resolved, That every member of the Texas Bee-Keep-
ers' Association feels that we are fully paid for our time and
expenses for our visit to the bee-keepers' convention and the
Farmers' Congress. O. P. Hyde, )

W. H. White, - Co7n.
Z. S. Weaver, \

616

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHiNAC.

Sept. 24, 1903.

Contributed Articles

)

Stimulative Feeding of Bees in Spring.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

ON page 518, Mr. Dadant says he will not write further on
the subject. That is to be regretted, for if he will take

the pains to go into details, I believe he can shed more
light on an, at present, very obscure matter.

His recent articles on the subject give the impression
that he is firmly convinced that there is a substantial profit
to be derived from such stimulation. Unfortunately, he has
failed to give sufficient data to enable the rest of us to go
and do likewise, and, when criticised, has resorted to soph-
istry instead of giving facts and arguments. This may have
been unintentional, but generally impresses the reader as
being an attempt to save a lost case.

I write this article in the form of a reply to Mr. Dadant,
because his articles voice a widely accepted belief, or beliefs,
which I consider erroneous. It may be impossible to ex-
press myself so that no construction of personal antago-
nism will be inferred, but I desire solely to get at facts, not
to irritate any one.

Frankly acknowledging that colonies may be stimu-
lated to more rapid growth by feeding, I hold, in common
with many others, that it is not profitable. Or, to state it
differently, other systems of management produce greater
gross returns and at a lesser cost.

Before discussing the economy of it, let me allude to
what is assumed to be the effect of the food on the life and
actions of the individuals comprising the colony.

In Mr. Dadant's article (page 518) I find this : "Feed-
ing enhances breeding because the bees are stirred up by it,
and because the queen is offered food more plentifully
whether it be royal jelly or honey." (My italics). In a pre-
vious article, Mr. Dadant said it was nectar.

I assert that bees never o^>r food to the queen, and I
know whereof I speak. The bees that show their tongues
are seekitig food, not offering it. The sooner bee-keepers
learn this, the sooner they will solve several otherwise
troublesome problems.

As I partly explained in my former article, the bees'
attitude toward the queen is not one of deference, but one
of obedience to two simple laws, /. e., making way for
deliberately moving bees, and desire for a particularly pal-
atable food, the odor of which emanates from the queen's
body. Mr. Dadant cites the circle about a queen on a comb
held in his hand. Such a condition is not normal, and an
exposed comb and the customary single-comb observation
hive are very poor contrivances for the study of bee-life. If
the curious bee-keeper would see the real attitude of workers
toward the queen, let him watch her in the crowded clusters
between the combs. The bees push her, scramble over her,
and stand in her way until her steady movement forces
them aside, and even then they won't always move. When
she needs food she goes about with her antenna; apparently
more active than usual, accosting bee after bee, until
at last one is found with the necessary " pap." Sometimes
along "talk " ensues, but when the bee is ready to yield
her supply, the queen's tongue advances, and is placed
directly in the other bee's mouth, the latter's tongue not
having been unfolded at all. Then the " show of tongues "
by surrounding bees occurs.

The assumption that the slow and steady supply of food
to the colony causes the bees to offer to the queen more
food, being found to be wrong, how are we to account for
the increased laying ? The stimulus which incites the queen
to lay her first egg (after the winter resting spell) may
never be determined, but certainly, as she has deposited an
egg, her system calls for a restoration of tissue ; this means
hunger, slight, perhaps, but still existent. As soon as this
hunger becomes great enough it forces her to seek food. At
the time we are considering she may, and very probably
does, have to apply to many bees before finding any that
can supply her even a little " pap." As the number of bees
having such supply increases, so the queen's laying in-
creases, because she can more readily obtain the necessary
food.

Generally, when bees are obtaining nectar we find
breeding increasing- in a ratio with the increase of young
bees, not in a ratio with the inflow of food.

If it is not the direct action of the nectar-flow (or feeder-
flow) on the queen via the feeding-bees which stimulates
the queen, why does the accession of food stimulate brood-
production ?

It " stirs up the colony," which, explained, is ; The bees
consume more honey, and necessarily produce more heat, be-
come less densely packed, and the queen, being but a part
of the whole, also moves more, finds more food, is more often
able to eat to satiety (the normal way of animal life), and per-
force lays more eggs. As the young bees become more numer-
ous, hence more quickly found ; also increasing heat and open
cells of pollen and of honey incite the young bees to full
feeding, and the more they eat the more likely the queen is
to get all she wants at each request. But even the well-fed
queen is not constantly at egg-laying, even in the height of
the season. Not infrequently she will retire to some ob-
scure corner and stay perfectly still for ten or more minutes
at a time, and during such rest the bees pass and repass as
if she was but an ordinary worker. Perhaps she is waiting
until they find some more " respect " or " deference."

Most apiarists are familiar with the slowness of brood
increase in a colony composed of all old bees, no matter how
good the supply of nectar and of the sudden acceleration of
egg-production on giving the colony a frame of emerging
brood.

Also, all apiarists are, I suppose, familiar with the
usual almost total cessation of egg-laying before a swarm
issues. Young bees are abundant then, and nectar and
pollen fairly pour in. If, under such circumstances, the bees
so assiduously offer food to the queen, how can she stop the
egg-development? It will not do to argue that bees stop
offering food to her and yet continue all their other functions.

A brief comparison of the differences in internal con-
ditions between big colonies with superabundant stores (the
kind Mr. Dadant said produces the most honey) and less
populous colonies, with but moderate stores, may be appro-
priate here.

In colonies of the first type, when winter breeding be-
gins (the latter part of December), food is plenty and readily
accessible, bees are numerous, cluster temperature steady,
and the brood-nest is soon surprisingly large for the time of
year. Towards spring young bees form quite a respectable
percent of the colony, and are steadily increasing. It is
these young bees which make this type of colonies to breed
so rapidly later on. Practically all of the winter-hatched
bees must, as regards nursing ability, be regarded as
"young" when early spring arrives, for a bee's age is
measured by time elapsed plus work done.

With the smaller, or more scantily supplied colonies,
everything is conducted on a more meager scale, and later,
when stimulation is usually resorted to, they are away be-
hind the first type of colonies, and it takes a ruinous amount
of fussing to get them into shape for the harvest.

In other words, by putting into winter quarters big colo-
nies with superabundant food, we conserve for next year
7nuch of this season's stored energy. By limiting stores, or
by having smaller colonies (so as to economize (?) in food,
some say), we lose much of such energy — an absolutely dead
loss.

With the foregoing cursory explanation of the inner
life of the colony, 1 will leave that part of the subject and
turn to the economy of stimulative feeding. To be profit-
able it must enable us to get from the stimulated colonies
enough more honey than from the normally big and un-
stimulated ones, to pay for the food, and the labor and time
of the apiarist. Mr. Dadant, in " Revised Langstroth," says
of his large, well-supplied colonies, " They did not have to
be fed the following spring, became very strong, and yielded
the largest crop." (My italics). Also, he states that further
experiments proved " that there is a profit in leaving to
strong colonies a large quantity of honey, so that they will
not limit their spring breeding." (His italics.)

I cited these quotations in a former article, to which Mr.
Dadant replied by quoting from an earlier edition of
"L/angstroth," that he (Langstroth) favored spring feed-
ing. If this advice of the great master was so valuable,
why did Mr. Dadant omit it from his revised edition, and,
instead, put special emphasis (by Italicizing) on the exact
antithesis of it ?

Mr. Dadant cited the feeding of 60 colonies last spring,
and attributes much of his crop of 300 pounds per colony
(average) to such feeding. Hath the fox lost his cunning ?
Has Mr. Dadant so soon forgotten the studious care and
painstaking comparison which, I understand, his father
exercised, and by which the son is supposed to have prof-
ited ? Had he divided the apiary into two equal parts, had
one-half well-supplied over winter, and stimulated the other

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

617

half in the spring:, then had the fed half surpassed the other,
the evidence would have been worthy our consideration.

Mr. Dadant quotes his foreman as saying- that there is
not another apiary in the vicinity with such a crop as his,
and leaves us to infer that it is entirely due to stimulation.
But that the excess over his neig-hbor's averages (which he
does not give, so we cannot tell the percent of his gain l was
due to such stimulation can not be granted without more
evidence than has yet been presented. The difference be-
tween his average and his neighbor's may have been 10
pounds or 200. The difference may have been due to feed-
ing, to manipulation, to fall condition of colonies, to win-
tering, to strain of bees, or to locality.

Mr. Dadant has cited the difference fall condition pro-
duces, and we all know what manipulation may do, or undo ;
also the marked difference in various strains, and, as for
locality, it is so disturbing an element of calculations as to
be used as a general scapegoat.

I know of two apiaries, just one mile apart, both in the
same river valley, both possessing apparently the same
chance for forage, both managed the same way, and both
in former years yielding closely similar averages. This
year one of these apiaries has not yielded one pound of sur-
plus, while the other will average, approximately, 40 pounds.
I think Mr. Dadant will see he is asking a good deal when
he expects us to concede that the evidence of his crop taken
alone, and without the support of comparative tests made
under the same conditions of locality, time, etc., is proof of
the value of stimulative feeding, particularly when he has
said repeated experiments in the past prove the fall plan the
most profitable, /. e., " such colonies produced the largest
crops."

According to his own statement, the country covered
by his apiaries (and presumably by his neighbors'), varies
greatly in its yields in different parts in different years.
We consider this when he talks of his excess over his neigh-
bors being due to stimulation ; he seems to have forgotten
it. I would refer him to the "A B C of Bee-Culture," edi-
tion of 1901, page 239.

I can not find that he has ever given the cost of food
and labor for stimulative feeding. He asserts that bees
must be fed only at certain times. He also says, "We do
not practice feeding every year, because it requires a great
deal of attention on the part of the apiarist, and I like to
look after this myself, and do not always have the time."
(My Italics.) From this I deduce that his apiarist, and the
rest of us ordinary bee-keepers, lack the skill to succeed
(I supposed he was advocating the practice for readers
of the Journal), and also that the precentage of increase in
the crop is not enough to pay him to take the necessary
time annually ; in other words, something else pays better.

That is my point exactly — other things pay better. I
find the labor of preparing bees for successful wintering
will simultaneously prepare them to reach the next harvest
in prime shape. No extra labor at all, while spring stimula-
tion is all extra labor, and at a season when time is very
valuable. In other words, fall conservation is productive of
better results than spring stimulation, and without the lat-
ter's cost in time, labor and risk. For it is a risk to limit
the supply of food of big colonies, and it very decidedly
does not pay to winter any but big ones, or to fuss with any
small ones in the spring. In most localities the amount re-
ceived for the extra honey taken from the colonies in the
fall will not pay for the food and labor of giving it, neces-
sary the following spring. Besides all this, stimulation
does not always result very favorably ; the common people
can not always succeed, while the other way is always safe,
and repeated experiments have proved it profitable.

Providence Co., R. I.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet {5}ix6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free ; 10 for 20 cts. ; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal oflfice.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bee-Keeping- Lessons By Mail.

A sister correspondent, who has a text-book on bee-cul-
ture, but evidently takes no bee-journal, writes thus :

"I am so anxious to learn I only wish I had some one
to ask questions, who understands bees thoroughly. Would
it be possible to give a few lessons by mail, for which I
would be glad to pay ?"

"Our Bee-Keeping Sisters" department, also "Dr.
Miller's Answers," in the American Bee Journal, are in-
tended to meet this very want, and the dollar a year paid
for the Bee Journal would be much less than you could pos-
sibly get such information by private correspondence. Any
question asked pertaining to bees will be cheerfully an-
swered in these departments, free of all expense, as far as
there is ability to answer.

A Sister Wishes to Beg-in With Bees.

We have a hive near the house that has not been worked
with or cared for, in four years, that I know of, and how
much longer I do not know ; but the parties said they never
realized any good from them, and little wonder. I have
made up my mind to give them some attention, which will
not be much, and I don't know the first thing about them ;
still I sit and watch them work, and find it very interesting.

1. The bees are inclined to stay on the front part of the
hive. What is the cause, and what shall I do ?

2. Would I better put part of them into another hive, as
there seems to be so many ? or can such a thing be done ?
If so, how ? and when is the best time ?

3. Is it best to put in the one-pound boxes with the cells
in or out ?

4. What is the best kind of a hive to use ?

Lillian M. Morgan.
Washington Co., Nebr., Sept. 3.

1. It may be that they need more room. It may be that
the hive is too close, and they need ventilation. Give them
sufficient surplus room, and raise up the hive for ventila-
tion. It is now so late in the season that you will probably
not need to do it this year.

2. Don't think of dividing them now.

3. It is best to use comb foundation in sections, as that
is probably what you mean by " cells."

4. A movable-frame hive, the dovetailed hive being one
of the most popular.

Report from a Blind Sister.

I wrote early in the spring of 1902, saying that my bees
were all dead, and ofi'ering the hives for sale. From some-
thing I wrote some of my bee-keeping friends inferred that
I was in needy circumstances. I had queries and offers of
help from several dear people. I wish to thank them, and
tell them how much I appreciate the kindly thoughts ; but I
wish to say that I have a good home and good children to
care for their parents and the property. My object in sell-
ing the hives was to help some one else, as well as to keep
good property from going to waste. I had several inquiries
about the hives, but I discouraged their being sent for from
distant points, thinking the freight would be greatly against
the purchaser.

As the spring days grew warm I began to work with
the empty hives. It was something I could do out-of-doors.
I had been looking for some out-door work that I could do
ever since blindness had come upon me. So day after day,
as my feeble strength permitted, I felt my way about for
the hives, cleaning them, sorting frames, and sorting those
that needed an extra nail. I daily gained in strength. The
walnut trees under which I worked began to throw a shade
as their new leaves opened. When I had cleaned all except
the 15 just taken from the cellar, I began on those. I had
noticed a few bees flying about, and supposed they came
from a colony half a mile away, belonging to a neighbor.
But late in May, when the last hives were reached, I found

618

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24. 1903.

to my joy that there were living- bees in two of them. I now
have 8 strong- colonies, 4 of them queened by the best red
clover queens.

But to go back to my cleaning : As I continued to live
out-doors, early in June I noticed that I could often see the
outlines of things, and in some favorable light could see a
moving object, and tell if it was a white cat or black chicken.
Then, when I had cleaned all my hives, and sandpapered a
few that were weather-beaten, I painted everything a cream
white — hives, supers, and all.

The small amount of sight is only in one eye, but I can
go to every hive in the bee-yard, and not much danger of
falling over it, if I look carefully, as I can see nothing
quickly, not even a bee-hive.

_ Although it has rained incessantly here, we have our
first white clover honey harvest, some of the colonies yield-
ing as much as 80 pounds of the beautiful product. So the
dear daughters, who have so kindly loaned me their busy
hands, and often tired eyes, to help care for my pets, feel
well repaid for them. Mrs. B. J. L,iviNGSTON.

Martin Co., Minn., Sept. 3.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

FEEDING BACK NOT GENERALLY PROFITABLE.

Producing two crops to secure one, is what Doolittle
calls the feeding-back tactics. And he finds those who
don't succeed at it greatly to outnumber those who do.
Puts himself with those who can just barely succeed at fin-
ishing up sections nearly done. Candying in the comb is a
bad trick, and the fed-back honey is much worse at it.
Page 493.

SURE METHOD OF FINDING QUEENS.

The Davenport method of finding a queen " whether or
no" — shaking all the bees through a zinc-bottomed empty
hive — is clearly one of the best methods in sight. Page 501.

MARKETING UNRIPE HONEY.

We were mighty lucky that it was only buckwheat ex-
tracted honey that got killed. Had there been no chance to
discriminate, I fear the big users that were bitten would
have abandoned the use of all honey. And stMl the seller
is going to continue to think that if he can make a sale he
is all right. Far from being all right if he has killed off a
future sale. This specially affects those who retail in their
own fields. We must nurse our customers instead of pois-
oning them. Very little indeed do many of them know
about honey, and we, if we understand where our bread is
buttered, will post them honestly and truly. That there is
a difference between ripe honey and unripe honey, and how
that difference comes about — I suspect that even some of the
big buyers need instruction sorely on the point. Page 501.

QUITE A DIFFERENCE.

In my Afterthink, page SOS, it's not "improvement''
but imprisonment that the long-caged queen would be get-
ting.

OUR OWN WAY THE BEST WAY.

'Twas ever thus. The Mississippi beginner knows it's
better to put the bees gently in the top— his way — rather
than run them in the entrance — Dr. Miller's way. Oft our
own way is the best ybr ?/.f, just because we put so much
more of ourselves into it. Nice that there are in the lan-
guage such words as "our own," and "mine," and "my
way." Page 506.

GETTING SWARMS FROM HIGH TREES.

Yes, Ernest Root, hurrah for that swarming-time belt
to fasten saw and pruning-shears and coil of rope to — other
tools ad libitum 1 But the smoker — you'll start with the
wood of that a-next your precious hide, but when just in the
most interesting part of the climb up that tall tree an earnest
and fiery— Ouch ! will tell to all below how that smoker con-
trived to whop around. I have some basswood trees to take
swarms out of, too. The extreme and dangerous brittleness
of basswood limbs decidedly increases the dilKculty — 'cept

when the swarm itself snaps the limb clear off, and it falls
to an easier location. Page 510.

VARNISHING FOUNDATION WITH PROPOLIS.

An editorial, on page 515, says bees put a layer of bee-
glue all over section foundation when put in too late and
left. That's right — but possibly it might be "righter."
Should we not learn to discriminate between what bees in-
tentionally do and what they unintentionally do ? (Granted
that in the economy of Nature one class of doings may serve
just as an important a purpose as the other.) Bees inten-
tionally stop all cracks with propolis as fast as they can —
round out corners — fill rabbets — and mix the propolis with
the wax of bur-combs. Sometimes they put great dabs
of it on the sides of the hive, apparently because they
consider it precious, and still don't know what else to do
with it. (In the tree, rotten wall and propolis makes sound
lumber.) But varnishing, whether of foundation or of
honey-cappings, I don't think they do intentionally. Nearly
all hands, when the honey harvest is off and the propolis
harvest is on, have their feet more or less dabbled, and the
varnish of surfaces is simply the natural result of contin-
ually running over them. All the same, it improves matters
from the bee's point of view.

GOOD LOOKS AND CONVENIENCE COST.

I also feel constrained to confess that the symmetry,
which is pleasing to the human eye, is, per se, more or less
of bother and loss to the bee. We arrange for so mnch good
looks, and so much convenience — but have to pay the regu-
lation price for them — quite a bit cheapened to those who
let the weeds grow. How disagreeable truth can be, some-
times ! My apiary and entrances this summer were too good
some of the time. Page 515.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the Au^erican Bee .Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Mareng-o, 111.

Preparation for Wintering Bees.

I am young in the bee-business though not in years. Would it be
a safe plan to set one hive on top of another, with say screening be-
tween in winter, when wintering in the bee-housel and, of course,
packed the same as you would if only one hive were there. Would
the moisture from the lower hive be detrimental to those in top hive?

Iowa.

Answer. — I don't know; you've struck something I never heard
of. I hardly believe the moisture from the lower colony would hurt
the upper one. Of course, you would have an entrance above as well
as below. If you try the plan, please report what success.

Moving Bees Pour Miles.

Can I move 9 colonies of bees four miles south ? I expect to move
about the last of September, and do not like to let them stand on
account of robbing, as there will be no one left at this place when I
leave. Some may go back and get lost, or they might not all be home
when I move them. Perhaps I can take a cold morning to move them.
I am afraid it might amount to a whole colony being left, or going
back after being moved. Please advise me what to do about moving
them. Subscriber.

Answer. — When bees are moved 4 miles there ought not to be the
slightest trouble about any returning so far to the old place. Of
course, if any are out in the fields when the hives are moved they
would he lost. So, if you are going to move them in the middle of the
day, close the hives the night before, or in the morning before bees are
flying.

Late Poul Brood Management. \

Tour postal card came duly to hand, and I note what j'ousay in
regard to our neighbors' bees, that you doubted its being foul brood.
I am sorry to say that we have established the fact that it is foul
brood, from microscopical examination, found all the symptoms
in all the stages, from start to finish, as illustrated in " A B C of Bee-
Culture," spores and all. The owner is getting some nice comb honey,
and he does not want to disturb them (the bees).

Now, this man is not progressive enough lo take " heroic " meas-
ures toward stamping out the disease, that is, to destroy his hives,
bees and all. There are one or two others not far from here, I think,

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

619

whose bees have foul brood, as Ihey have told me thatthey did not
know what was the matter with the bees, as they have not swarmed (or
two years. I told him that he would most likely And them diseased.

1. Can those bees be transferred into new hives, on new frames of
foundatiou, this fall, after the honey season closes?

'i. Do you advise closing: up the " suspect " on brood-frames, or
can they go and come at will ;

3. Will it be necessary to commence feeding at once the iTiipris-
oned bees, or can they still gather enough nectar to winter them <

Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Yes; but unless you have an excellent fall flow they
will have to be fed to take them through the winter.

2. I believe it is not considered necessary to confine them.

3. I don't know what your fall yield is; but it is not likely it is
enough for a sole dependence for wintering. At any rale, it will be
safer to feed as soon as all diseased honey has been used up in comb-
building.

Kinds of Bees— Wintering.

1. What kind of bees are "Adels?" Are they Isomething the
same as Italians, or a distinct race JJ

2. Do you think they would be better, or as good, as Italians ?
Mr. Alley says they are not only the hardiest and most gentle, but the
greatest hustlers for honey. They are practically non-swarming and
non-stinging.

3. Would hybrid black bees rear any better queens than Italian
tieesi I have one colony that built very large queen-cells.

4. If the hives are contracted down to five or six frames with a
division-hoard, would it be all right to leave frames of pollen on the
outside through the winter? Canada.

Answers. — 1. If I understand it correctly, they are a strain of
Italians so named by Henry Alley.

2. I have had no experience with them, so can not say.

3. I don't believe they would.

4. Yes.

Changing Queens in the Pall.

I have 13 colonies of bees. I started in with 5 in the spring, and
they have swarmed so that I had 15. One swarm went away, as I was
not at home to attend to them. They have not stored much honey
in the supers this season, but I think they have a good supply in the
brood-chamber. I think of getting a strain of honey-queens for next
season, as I am quite sure those I now have are breeding qeeens. I
think of trying two or three red clover queens, and the same of Italian
honey-queens.

We had a good crop of white clover in this region this season, but
the bees did not work on it to any extent, and I think there was very
little nectar in the clover.

What would you advise one to do in such a easel Would it be
advisable to introduce the class of queens I mention this fall, or wait
until next spring? lam anxious to improve my stock, so as to pro-
cure more honey. Michigan.

Answer. — Don't be too sanguine as to improvement from new
blood. Increasing from 5 to 1.5 is hardly compatible with a very large
yield of honey, unless you have a late yield that is heavy. You ought
not to have allowed more than one swarm from each colony, and then
you would probably have done better in surplus. If there was no
nectar in the clover, a difference in bees would not help the case any.
It will, however, be a good plan to get one or two queens of different
kinds, and watch carefully for results, not so much to see what those
queens will do as to see what colonies will do that have young queens
reared from these new queens.

Carrying Out Live Bees.

What is the reason that the bees carry out live bees and fly away
with themi I am quite sure they are not robbers, as I have only 4
colonies. ^ _ _ , Pennsylvania.

Answer. — Sometimes a diseased bee is carried out alive, so also a
young bee that has been made defective by the ravages of the bee-
moth.

Colonies Strong in Bees but Short in Stores.

I have 6 colonies of bees, two with Italian queens. The progeny
of one of the latter seems no lighter in color than the other 4 colonies,
what I supposed were black bees. The other Italian brood is pretty
golden-colored, and good workers.

Noticing three of the black colonies were not doing much, I
examined all the colonies to-day, and found 3 of the black colonies with
very little sealed brood, none with unsealed brood, one in particular
had very little brood, and stores or surplus honey much less than at
examinalioo, two weeks ago. The other 2 colonies are also lighter in
stores, but in a lesser degree. The two with Italian queens and the
other black colony have plenty sealed and unsealed brood, but :ire not
increasing in stores, in fact not quite holding their own. All the colo-
nies are strong with bees. I saw only one queen during examination.
Have they stopped brood-rearing, owing to being queenless or because
there' is no honey to gather > The three in question are, two in 8-
frame hives, one in a 10-frame hive, and boiling over with bees. What
bothers me is, if they cease brood-rearing thus early, would they not

be too weak to winter successfully even with feeding, as will have to
be done with their present stock of stores, if a later honey-flow does

not materialize.

Alabama.

Answer. — I don't know just how much difference between Ala-
bama and Illinois, but in Illinois some colonies cease rearing brood
quite early in September. The age of the queen has something to do
with it ; if a colony supersedes its <iueen late in the season, the young
queen will continue laying later than would the old queen if she had
not been superseded. It the honey-flow ceases early, that means au
earlier cessation of brood-rearing. You needn't worry much alx)ut
their being strong enough in bees to winter well. If there it no har-
vest to stir them up to brood-rearing, that means that the bees will
keep pretty quiet, and bees don't grow old fast while keeping still. It
isn't with bees as it is with you and me; when work stands still with
them, age seems to stand still, too.

Feeding Late Swarms for Winter.

I have four late swarms which are all working nicely ; the frames
of the hives I put them in had only starters, as that was all 1 had. If
I have to give them a little feed, how much sugar will it take to about
a quart of water, or possibly more, to make the syrup to feed the bees?

Illinois.

Answer. —To make a syrup for feeding as late as this, it requires
5 pounds of granulated sugar to a quart of water.

Loss'of Bees— PoHl Drood.

1. I have lost nearly all of my bees the past summer. Do you think
it is the rainy weather or disease?

2. If it is foul brood will the hives be all right to use next year?

Connecticut.

Answers. — 1. I don't know. If you mean that a number of colo-
nies died since the first of June, I should be afraid of disease. Rainy
weather might hinder the success of bees, but would hardly kill them
outright. , .

2. The hives will be all right, but not the combs, unless, indeed, it
turns out that the combs may be made safe to use again by using
formaldehyde as a disinfectant.

Best Kind of Bees.

I have 3 colonies of bees, 3 Italian and 1 black. They are in S-
frame Langstroth hives. I am a boy U years of age, and I just com-
menced keeping bees last spring, and like the work very much.

I am a subscriber of the American Bee Journal, and I like it. I
wish you would tell me what kind of bees would be the best for me.
I want a gentle kind, and that will store lots of honey. There is
plenty of white clover in this neighborhood. Indiana.

Answer.— Probably Italian bees will suit you as well as any, and
it may be that those you have are all right. You can, however, not
be sure of that without being able to compare them with others, and
it would be a good plan for you to get an Italian queen from some
queen-breeder. After a year or so you can decide which bees suit you
best, and then rear your queens from the best. Your father must be a
very wise sort of a man to allow a boy of 11 to keep bees. I hope you
will be very successful. I like boys.

Caring for Honeyless Bees in the Fall.

1. How shall I care for colonies of bees where they are robbed of
their honey after the fall-tlow ceases* There area number who caught
bees in boxes and in the sides of houses, and one of my neighbors had
a swarm take possession of their washing-machine, where it had been
left to drain the water out. These parties expect to kill the bees as
soon as they cease to gather honey ; I can have them and their brood
for taking them out. What I wish to know is: Can I successfully
take them and winter them * If so, please give me a little instruction.

3. Is sugar better than honey to feed bees? I have IS colonies run
for comb honey. I put some frames where I took supers off for comb
honey to feed the bees it necessary, provided sugar is not as good.

Nebraska.

Answer.— You will have to use your ingenuity to some extent, as
each will probably differ from every other case, depending on how the
bees are located. The main thing is to get the bees into the hive, upon
their combs of brood, if they have any, the combs being transferred as
directed in your book for transferring. The probability is that you
will not have enough combs, and it will be well to help out with
frames filled with foundation. Then you will feed with the Miller or
some other feeder, according to the general instructions in your book
for fall feeding; trying to let each colony have the equivalent of about
30 pounds of honey. That will require about 33 pounds of dry granu-
lated sugar, if you use sugar syrup.

2. There is no better food for bees than good honey, but granu-
lated sugar makes a very good substitute.

Queenle Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallqnmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

620

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

NOEL SAYS:

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: with any disease of the Circulation, the Stc

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to know what he wants. NOEL says that the Theo. Noel Company has instructions to

send a full-sized One Dollar package on thirty days' trial to every sick or ailing reader of

The AMEHiCAN Bee JorRNAL who requests

it.the receiver to BH THE JUDGE, and not to

pay ONE CENT unless satisfleu. and NOBL is

the President and principal stockholder of

theTheo. Noel Company, and what m^^"*

HB says goes. Here is his SIGN A- ^^^P

TURE ON IT!

PERSONAL TO

SUBSCRIBERS !

WE WILL SENT) to every worthy sick and ailing person who writes us. mentioning The
American bee Journal, a full-sized $i.un package of VlT.^OKE by mail, postpaid.
sufficiont for one month's contuiuous treatment, to be paid for witbin one month's time after
receipt, if the receiver can truthfully say that its use has done him or her more good than all
the drugs and doses of quacks or good doctors or patent medicines be or she has ever used. Read
this over again carefully, and understand that we ask our pay only when it has done you good,
and not before. WE TAKE ALL THK RISK; YOU HAVE NOTHING TO LOSK. If it does
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medicine known to the civilized worli, without one cent of risk to you. We offer to give you
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ARE TO Bffi THE JUDUE! We know that when VIT.E ORB has put you on the road to a cure you will be more than willing to pay. We are willing to take the

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QUEENS!

Golden and Leather-Colored Italian, warranted
to pive satisfaction— those are the kind reared
by QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDEI^. Our bus-
iness was established in 18SS, Our stock orig-t-
nated from the best and hig-hest-priced long-
tong-ued red clover breeders in the U. S. We
rear as many, and perhaps more, queens than
any other breeder in the North. Price of queens
after July 1st: Large Select, 75c each; six for
$4; Tested Stock, $1 each; six for $5; Selected
Tested, $1.50 each; Breeders, $3 each. Two-
frame Nuclei (no queen) $2 each. All Queens
are warranted pure.

Special low price on queens in lots of 25 to 100.

All queens are mailed promptly, as we keep
300 to 500 on hand ready to mail.

We guarantee safe delivery to any State, Con-
tinental Island, or European Country. Our Cir-
cular will interest you; it's free.

Address all orders to

Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder

PARKERTOWN. OHIO.

(The above ad. will appear twice per month
only.l 16E13t

Hease mention Bee Journal -when ■writine

If you want the Bee-BooU

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discaunts to tbe Trade.

Please tneuuou Bwe JouruiiJ wrbeu writma.

A Visit to Two Bee-Keepers.

During the middle of August I had a most
delightful trip to Rhode Island and Massa-
chusetts. I met Mr. Arthur C. Miller, and
spent a very enjoyable afternoon with him at
his apiary. Here I saw bees feeding each
other, or one or two bees taking feed from a
third which, did not extend its tongue in
giving it. I also saw evidence of the lack of
respect which bees pay their queen. However
these two things may be in other localities, in
Mr. Miller's locality bees do just as he says
they do.

From Mr. Miller's I went out to see Mr.
Alley. I found him hard at work, with a red
handkerchief over the back of his head and
neck, and his smoking-pipe containing to-
bacco for introducing, between his teeth. He
much prefers this handkerchief to a veil, as
the latter is hard on his eyes. A few stings,
and stinging bees about hie eyes, do not seem
to bother him in the least.

Mr. Alley had about 175 nuclei scattered
about his yard. Of course, they were arranged
any way to avoid the loss of queens from en-
tering the wrong hives. He opened many of

Wanted to Sell.

30 COLONIES Italian Bees in Dove-
tailed Hives, S-frame, self-spacing Hoffman-
frames in ^ood condition— at $3.SU a hive: 5 or
more hives at $3 00 a hive. One Cowan No. 15,
2-frame Extractor, and a lot of extracting-
combs. Address, S. A. MILLER,

3SA2t Box SS3, New Decatur. Ala.

450,000

3erape8,8ninlll; t

, cheap. ~ s
3 list free. LE'

^i«ase mention Bee Journal "when ■wrltma

Adel Queens.

One Queen, $1.00; more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz. All Breeding Queens.
AsA3t H. ALLEY. WenhaM. MASS.

Hease mention Bee jovtmai -wnen TSTitmg

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-

*"' aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO lUU.

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

621

his nuclei for me to see the queens in different
stages of jjrowlh. I saw queens laying, virgin
queens in nuclei, and dozens together in nur-
series; queens just fertilized, with the male
organs still attached, and queens having tilled
the nucleus hive and ready to ship.

I saw Mr. Alley work his entire system from
beginning to end, and for him it truly is sim-
ple, fast, and, from the appearance of his
queens, productive of good results. In less
than 10 minutes he removed eggs from the
hive, cut the comb into strips, killed each
alternate egg, fastened the strips to sticks,
put the sticks in the frame, and gave all to a
colony of bees prepared several hours before.
He thus prepared eggs for about 60 cells.

Mr. Alley's method of introducing virgin
queens to nuclei from nursery-cages is very
easy and quick. He simply removes the plug
from the cage, takes the feeder from the hive,
plugs the entrance with a plantain leaf,
smokes thoroughly with tobacco-smoke
through the feeder-hole in the top, shakes the
<iueen out of the cage into the feeder-hole,
replaces the feeder, and the work is done. In
ft few days, if the weather is good, he has a
laying queen. This introducing is done to-
ward evening, and by morning the entrance
has been forced open, and all is well. He
allows the queen to lay in the nucleus for
nearly a week before shipping. This keeps
his nuclei strong.

I do not know how a system could be more
simple, rapid, and reliable, than this one of
Mr. Alley's. Richard D. Barclay, 'id.

Philadelphia Co., Pa., Sept. 10.

Wettest Season in Many Years.

It has been the wettest and coldest summer
here for many years, being very wet all
through .June, July, August, and all but three
days in September, so far.

I started with 3 colonies, increased to 6, and
have taken about 150 pounds of honey, so far.
But prospects are good for a good fall crop.

I get from 1.5 to 20 cents a pound for my
honey (comb) per section, and I sell culls for
a shilling apiece, but eat the most of them
ourselves. D. M. LArDENSi.ATER.

Clinton Co., Pa., Sept. 12.

Introducing Queens.

As I am so deeply interested in apiculture,
and have so much to learn, and so many ques-
tions to ask, I am willing to give other be-
ginners any little kink I have found out. So
here is one:

J had two queenless colonies, as I supposed ;

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuclei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering- and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Qneen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Ose - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen] 1.00

These prices are for the re-
mainder of tbe season.
Queeni sent by return mail.
Safe arrival g-uaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. d. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Logan St., CLARINDA, IOWA
Weaae mention Bee Joiimal when -writlne.

4i>il/\l/\i/\l/il>U/\tAt/U/\i/Vi/^t/\l/\t/\l>Vi/\l/\)/

I tmm Honeu For sale I

^ ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS. ^

=BEST-

Alfalfa ^
Honey J^

^ Th

the famous
White Extracted
Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who cares to eat
honey at all can't
get enough of the
Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
Honey J^

This is the well-
known lig-ht-colored
honey gathered from
the rich, nectar-
laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

;$ Write for Quantity Prices by Freight, if Interested. ^

A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. »

g

Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. ^

We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^

enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^

above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^

this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. ^

!^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III. S'.

^ . ?^

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS "« g've-

Sterling, Ga., June 29, 1903.
I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were out work-
ing everything in my apiary. Send me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 3 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey, while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians — None Superior. .-. Carnlolans— None Bbttbr.

Untested, 7Sc each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: 6 for $ 7.2S

Select Untested, $1,00 each; 6 for 5.00 | Select Tested, $2.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES ; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut, - CINCINMATI, OHIO.

DiUmer's Fonndation !

This foundation is made by a process that pro-
duces the superior ot any. It is the cleanest and
purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest
Retail and Wbolesale. odor. It is the most transparent, because it has

the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than any
other make.

W^orking- wax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. I<ees\rax
always >vanted at higbest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

Sole Agents for Canada.

GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling^.

Full stock'of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
' factory prices. SEEDS of Pouey-plants.

C. H. W. WEBER f."dTTiTTS«^^-'---^-^"

2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

622

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

Tlioosands ol Hives - Millions ol Secvions

'Ready for Prompt Shipment.

Wp are not sellinff ffoods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.

^addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the Un .ted

In ^d|'t^°^^^t°^*;j^^^ j„/t made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertowii, Wisconsin, U. S. A.

Bees and Apiary Stock
at a Bargain!

which is new, and the balance as good as new :

66 10-trame Dovetailed Nailed Hive-Bodies 20e each'

60 10-frame Simplicity Nailed Hive-Bodies iiic each

167 8-frame Hive-Bodies •• • j IV each

70 Wood-bound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards 15^ each.

20 Unbound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards ..... i"e eacn.

1200 New Clean, Wired Extracting Combs (L. size) . . . ioe eacn.

700 New L Brood-Frames with full sheets wii:ed foundation 10c each.

500 Good L. Brood-Combs u; ■ ; ■ • •; " «k on

Reversible Honey-Extractor »-00

TT ^^\r^rr.nrxv * ^'"

1 2 Frame Cowan .

1 Two-part Wooden Uncapping-Box. „e en i„ \

1 " New Model " Solar Wax-Estraotor (glass 26x60 m ) •■■■■•■■ • • • • • •

1 Wooden Honey -Tank with galvanized-iron bottom (holds 1800 lbs.) .

1 Bingham Honey-Knife. ^_^

1 6-inch Comb Foundation Mill „.

- ..^. i .-. UT?" ...Inti^n IVflU .._ *^'

8.00

10.00

.50

15 00

00

2 00
5 colonies at

1 10-inch Comb Foundation Mill.

^ffO New Wired Staple-Spaced Brood -Frames— per 100 ; . . .

Also60FuTl colonies Italian Bees in 10-fr. Langstroth hives, at these prices:
l;4.50 each ; 10 or more at $4.00 each. No disease.

All the above can be shipped promptly. First come, first served. What
Ar. VOU want out of the lot ? or do you want it all ? Of course the combs and
do YOU ^,^°^ ,,3 °""'; '°id be filled into the empty hive bodies and shipped
s^f^r in thTwaT"f so desired. (No order fiUed'fJr less than S5 00 from the
above list). Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO. ILL.

S6Gl]ons, SHippina-Gases,
Honeu-Gans,

Catalog' free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. WashinKtoo St.,

INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

iiBvflfnonev We start yon tn buBlnesH. You mfvkt.
U,;'?"»i<^ F.„,-ork. W.ton...hcapl..L «»d
10 cenW tot full Itae of •»™P'" *"'1,V'! in.

DRAPER PtBLISBlNO CO., Chicago, Ills.

I INGHAM'S PATENT

. 25 years the best.
1 Send for Circular.

2SAtf T. F. BINaMAM. Farwell, Mich

Smokers

4')Atf

Hybrid Queens !

25 CENTS Each
-5 FOB SI. 00.

Full Colony wiih
more, "5 cents each.

(no combs) $1.00; 2

n. H. Porter, Baraboo, Wis.

TEST PAGE FENCE ONCE

nndTOU'U never be Batisfled with any otlior.
I'AGE WOVES WIIIK FKXCK (0., Ailnan, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writinp

38 cents Cash ^
for Beeswax. ^

This is a good time

to send in your Bees-

^ ^ _ -.^ •♦- -.- wax. We are paying

paid for Beeswax. ^ m^^,:, r.:^%

1^ upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
' *^ Address as follows, very plainly,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 144 & 146 Erie St.. Chicago. 111.

Please Mention the Bee Journal

when writing
Advertisers •♦•

I found no queen in either, nor any brood of
any age, so I sent for two queens, which came
all right, and near night the same day I ex-
amined both hives again, and found no queen
in either, but queen-cells of several ages, so I
cut them all out. Another thing, I found
what looked like drone-cells at least '<^ or "._;
inch in diameter, the largest I ever saw. I
let those queens remain in their cages inside
of the hives for two days and one night, in
order to get the scent of the hives.

Toward sunset of the second day 1 took an
empty hive and placed it immediately in front
of the old hive, say a toot or so, with a wide
board forming a bridge from one hive to the
other. I then took out each frame with the
bees on and put them in this empty hive-body,
which, when completed, I sprinkled with pep-
permint water, then sprinkled thequeen to be
introduced, and then brushed the bees all
above from the frames, and placed the empty
frames back in the old hive, dumped the bees
out on this bridge, and let them run In as a.
swarm, and when about halt in I turned the
queen and escort bees loose, and saw them run
in all right. I then placed a super of frames
on top, that I had recently transferred from a
box-hive, all tied with strings, and let them
have this to occupy their attention for awhile,
until they became well acquainted with the
queen, and then I closed the hive.

The next morning, on visiting these hives,
I found one queen dead and dragged out, and
the other showed nothing wrong that I could ■
see from the outside, but I would disturb only
the one with the dead queen. 1 got my assis-
tant and went carefully to work to examine
to see if there was not some sort of a queen
in this hive; although I had examined this
particular hive a half-dozen or more times, I
was going to make a more thorough thing of
it. But on the third frame I lifted up. my
assistant saw a queen, and on examining her
she showed signs of something being wrong-
seemed to be crippled in one leg, and got
about very slowly and clumsily ; still, there
was not an egg of any kind or any brood to
be seen, and I suppose this hive has been in
this broodless condition no telling how long,
as the colony had become reduced from a very
large one to quite a small one, but had plenty
of honey and no drones.

After writing the above I examined the
other hives, and to my great satisfaction
found my new process of introducing a queen
to a colony thai had been queenless ever since
it was hived May 20, had proven a perfect
success.

When I placed this queen in her cage inside
the hive the bees clustered around her and
clung to the wire, and held on with such a
grip I could hardly force them loose. I
thought that was an unfavorable sign— one
that 'indicated they would ball her if they
could get to her-and it was with the greatest
fear, and with but little hope I had of success-
fully introducing a queen when the bees acted
in this way; but, being a novice, I did not
know whether it was a favorable or an un-
favorable sign.

My idea of this method of introducing a
queen into a colony, was that, by brushing
them all off and running them in as a swarm,
and spraying them, would so mix up things
and so contuse them that they could not tell
one bee from another; and through this
freshly transferred super, with the combs tied

Sept. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

623

with strings and leaking with honey, was to
divert their attention from the qiieeu to the
worlc of fastening in these combs and lapping
up the running honey. JouN Kennedy.
Adams Co., Miss.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois— The annual meetinjr of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers* Association will be held
in the Court House, in Rockford, III., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 and 21. ruij. A good
program is being prepared, and all interested
in bees are invited to attend.

Cherry Valley, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec.

Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers" Association
will meet in the City and County Building in
Salt I^ake City, Oct. 5, commencing at -1:30
o'clock p.m. Among the subjects discussed
will be the winter pioblem and the best method
to promote the interest of the state and National
Associations. E. S. Lovesy, Pies.

Long Tongues Valuable

5outh as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
id reg-ard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply '* roll the
honey in." It seems that they g^et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for g-entle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henky Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, J4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shill probably be able lo do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mentiou Bee .Journal -wnen ■writing

$300,000,000.00 A YtAR

' and you may have part of it if you work
for us. Uncle Sam' B poultry product pays
that sum. Send lOe for samples and partic
nlarfl. We furnish capital to start you io

boaiiiess. Draper PabIlshlagCo.,CblcaKO.IU.

t^lcd^e cn«nuon Bee Journal wnen wiitma

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

We have made arrangements so that we car
famish Seed of several of the Clovers by freigh'
or express, at the foUowlncr prices. 'cash witb
the order:

Sib 100) iSBi son

Sweet Clover (white)....! .65 $1.20 12.75 fS.Oo

Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50

AlslkeClover 1.00 1.80 4.2S 8.00

White Clover 1.50 2.80 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8 00

Prices subject to market changes.

Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-ponnd
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to yonr order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound if
wanted by mall.

QEORGE W. YORK A CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mentiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raphic

PEN

Tins pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
an; made of platina. alloyed
with iridium — substances of
threat durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,001) words, and do not
leaic or blot.

As they make a line of uni-
form -widlU at all times
tliey are unequaled tor
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
tilk-r and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE,

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $3.00; or send
s;l.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. • Address,

*"t"e°PenS°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III

2C AAA IKc of the vpry best Extracted
b.UUU IDS. Honey f.r sale in new cans
at b% cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per Ih.

P. J. aUNZFL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Arlt.
39\tf Please mention the Bee Journal.

!SSQQSSQQQQQQQSQQSSQQSQQS0

IITE INVITE all reade

lege for themselves
tigate

of the Amer- a

10 seek a col- £9

friends to inves- 49

0

MouniUnionGollege i

Our motto in all departments is "Ma-t- 4?

imum etViciency at minimum cost." fc7

Our scholastic training is equal to the '?

best, our reputation first-class. All ex- Ji

penses for a year, aside from the cloth- j2

ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co K

education, health conditions, moral and fZ

religious inHuence, superior. 52

Send for catalog. g

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, «
Alliance, Ohio. 0

iSSQOQQSQQSQ!iQQQQQQ0

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

I Boys, Girls, ^.Ulandyoun^' alike,

I make munej working for ua.

We fiinibhc&[)itaJ toHiknyoD m tiuBi-

1 10c sUuDpB or lilTer for full Instnictlona snd a line ut

^plw to work with. URAPER PUBLISHING CO..Chlcajo.in.
Please mention Bee Journal ■wnen ■writing.,

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

)

Chicago, Sept. 18.— Sales are not frequent
enou^^h to keep receipts cleaned up. They are
made on a basis of 13@14c for comb of the best
grades. Extracted, white, 6^i" 7c for clover
and basswood.and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber. 5^@6^c; according to flavor aud pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas Citv, Aug. 25.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24.section case, $3 00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 2<sectiott case, $2.75;
E.xtracted. white, per lb., 6J^c; amber. S)^@6c.
Beeswax, 25^'30c. C. C. Clbmons & Co.

Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4.— Demand for honey
improving, at 15@16j for fancy white comb;
14SilSc for No. 1; 13@14c for No. 2. Production
of honey in this vicinity is very light. This
market will have to depend on other sections
more this season than ever. Extracted honey,
'IdplUc for white; 6(a 6!^c for mixed and buck-
wheat. Beeswax, 28(oj30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6 -The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from 5^@6!.^c,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
aud cans, 7^8i^c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases, 16@16J^ cents.
Beeswax, 30c. Thb Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 8. — New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more freely, and the de-
mand is good for all grades. We quote fancy
white at from 14@15c, No. 1 at 13c, amber at
from llw 12c; no buckwheat on the market as
yet.

Extracted is plentiful, and in fair demand at
7c for the white, 6@b'/ic for the light amber,
5(ai5^c for dark. Southern in barrels at from
5S@65c per gallon, according to quality. Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal at from 28'a29c.

HlLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. Sept. 18.— The extracted honey
market has weakened a little as white clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales I made
ruled as follows: Amber, in barrels, S@5S^c;
water-white alfalfa, 6(a'65^c; fancy whiteclover,
liM(aTiic. Comb honty, fancy water-white,
14(5' ISJuc. No sales for lower grades. Bees-
wax, 28c. C. H. W. Weber.

San Francisco, Sept. 2.— White comb honey,
13®14c; amber. 9@llc. Extracted, white. 5M@6c;
light amber, 5 ■»5>ic; amber, 4\i@5c; dark am-
ber, 4<q'4}ic. Beeswax, good to choice, light,
27«@29c:dark,2S@26c.

Most of the comb on market is of small lots,
and while being very steadily held, fails to
move as readily or to as good advantage as
would straight carload lots of uniform and
high grade. Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.

WANTED !'=*<?^^J[B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings, thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, anj quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-4S Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Hee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY-also Beeswax Spot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

,33..\tf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mentiou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

624

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 24, 1903.

: The Best Bee-Ms
; in the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoii
>vi31 mot be disappointed.
^Ve are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerkish, Eppidg, N.H., carries ►
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
4 Order of him and save the freight. ^

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼>

e?iease nuentjoij b^e Journal when writiiK.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at $1.00 ; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year

and the Clipping Device. Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch. Mich.
Flease mention iiee journal wnen wT-tina

. and easy to niaJie
If you work for as. We will etajt you Id
kDUBlneBB and tomlBh the capitaL Work
lllgbt and easy. Send 10 cents for full
Fiine of Bamplee and particulars. •
DIUPER PUBLISBINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.
plepi^e menxion liee Joumai "wtien ■writing,

10 to 100 Colonies of

Yellow Italian Bees in

Dovetail hives. Bees

_ aud hives in first-class

JOHN DIVEKeV.

346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.

For Sai6

By man of 20
years' expe-

Position Wanted ft

APIARIST AND POULTRYMAN. A 1 reference
given. Address, Americen Bee Journal,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

■nmni

STROMGEST
MADE. BuU

strong, Chicken-
Ticht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesnle
Prices. Fnlly Warranted. Cataiog Free.

FENCE!

39U2(ii Please mention the Bee Journal

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-protlucing' plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a reprular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Ttia.ji^ie,.yi,jAja,:ia,je,.3iUSS^ia.jfi,^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation f^.

Wf> O-immnff^P ^*lfi«f art inn What more can anybody do? BEAUTV,
WC }^U<ir<tIlLCC CctLIMctCLItFll. purity, FIRMNESS, No SAaOINQ,
No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Hm^e S4. cf^ll G.€\ \%jf^\\ V Because it has always given better satls-
UUC9 II. 9CII SU well f faction than any other. Because in 25 years
there have not been any c

Why

I any other. Because I
nplaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDiies

OF ALL
KINDS »*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Reviscsd,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

DADANT & SON, *

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill L

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

Hiea-SH mention Bee Joumai "wopti ■wntitjjr

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, Wis.. July IR, 1903.
The a. I, Hoot Co.. Medina. Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— I thought I would write
you a few lines in regard to the Bed
clover Queen 1 trot from you. They
haven't swarmed yet this summer, but I
have taken 48 sections from them and
there is 24 more all ready to come off.

Just think, 72 nice sections of as nice
honey as ever was made, and only July
IRlh. It seems as though they will surely
fill 48 more.

1 don't know whether their tongues

urely such bees are worth

Clover, but
money.
I use the 8-frame Jumbo frame.

C. E. KBLLOGG.

C. E. Kellogo. Spring Bluff. Wis.

Dear Sir .—We have yours of July I8th
and would be glad to have you advise us
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some parties say
the capping from these bees is not
white, and we would be glad to have you
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige, "

HpRiNG Bluff, Wis.. July 31, 1903.
The a. 1. KooT Co.. Medina. Ohio.

Dear Sirs:— Youra of July 24th at hand
to-day. In regard to your question in
reference to the cappings of the honey
from these bees I will say that it is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perfect. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
hll two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. 1 would like very
much to have you see a few of those sec-
tions, and I will be glad to send you a
few.

Now. I haven't told you ALL their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentle bees to handle I

vrlte you again 1
they will.

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are agai
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

Each. Six. I

Untested ti.Oli

Tesied ^.00

Select Tested 3.00

Exlrii Select BreedlDK 10.00

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.;

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

jKiwERre^iV

Bee Journal

CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 1, 1903.

No. 40,

626

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

PtTBLISHED WE'-KLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Miller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilsos

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Me."cico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Iiabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance.
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
beeu received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be giyen upon ap-
plication.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN MAIL.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTYiYEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WBBKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book /rf^ as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

A STANDARD=BRED

QUEEN-BEE FEEE

To Our Regular Pald-lu-Advance Subscribers.

We have arranged with several of the best queen-breeders to supply us during 1903 with The Very Best Untested
Italian Queens that they can possibly rear— well worth $1.0C each. We want every one of our present regular subscribers
to have at least one of these Queens. And we propose to make it easy for you to get one or more of them.

A QUEEN FREE FOR SENDING ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER.

In the first place, you must be a regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal, and your own subscription mus
be paid at least 3 months in advance. If it is not already paid up, you can send in the necessary amount to make it so
when you order one of these fine Queens.

Send us fl.OO and the name (not your own) and address of One NEW subscriber for the American Bee Journal, and
we will mail you one of the Queens free as a premium.

Now, go out among your bee-keeping neighbors and friends and invite them to subscribe for the old American Bee
Journal. If you want some to show as samples, we will mail you, for the asking, as many copies of the American
Bee Journal as you can use.

Should there be no other bee-keepers near you, and you desire one of these fine Queens any way, send us $1.50 and
we will credit your subscription for one year and also mail you a Queen. Of course, it is understood that the amount sent
will pay your subscription at least one year in advance of the present time. So, if your subscription is in arrears, be sure
to send enough more than the $1.50 to pay all that is past due also.

We prefer to use all of these Queens as premiums for getting new subscribers. But if any one wishes to purchase
them aside from the Bee Journal subscription, the prices are as follows :
One Queen, 75c.; 3 Queens, $2.10 ; 6 Queens for $4.00.
We are filling orders almost by return mail.

Now for the new subscribers that you will send us — and then the
Queens that we will send you ! Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144-146 E. ERIE ST.,^CHICAGO, ILL.
1^*^ 40 Tested Italian Queens at $1.00 each, as long as they last. Order quick.

'^^misny.

'0S.'B'RIQ£^

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL,, OCT. 1, 1903,

No. 40.

Editorial Comments

Too Abundant Rains is the cry of the agricultural papers in
some parts. The bee-keeper, aloug with the farmer, will suffer from
this, and producers of comb honey in one way that novices may not
suspect. With continuous rains the atmosphere becomes saturated
with moisture, and honey, having a strong affinity for moisture, be-
haves in this moisture-laden air much as it would in a damp cellar.
The honey becomes thin in the cell, and increases so much in bulK
that the air-space ne.'ct the capping is filled with the liquid, giving the
comb a water-soaUed appearance. While nothing may be done to
effect a cure, something maybe done in the way of prevention, and
even in warm weather it may pay to use fire to heat up the honey-
room to the drying point.,

Standard "Weight of E.vtracted Honey. — At present there
is no such standard. Is it desirable j Is it feasible? Goodhoneycon
lains somewhere in the neighborhood of one-sixth of its weight of
water; io a moisture-laden atmosphere it may attract to itself so much
moisture as to be nearly half water. Taking these two extremes,
there ought to be a material dilTerence in price; is there? A grocer
who has bought some of the thin honey at a certain price, when
approached by one who has a fine article of extracted honey, will, in
many cases, expect to buy it at the same price. In too many cases
honey is honey, without regard to color, flavor, or body.

Suppose we take a case not extreme: A grocer buys honey that
is a third water at 8 cents a pound, and afterwards buys some only a
sixth water; if S cents is a fair price for the former, what is an equit-
able price for the latter; If we throw out the water asof no value,
the 8 cents was paid for two-thirds of a pound of solid honey, if we
may use that expression. That would make a pound of solid honey
worth 12 cents. In the honey with one-sixth water there is five-sixths
of a pound of solid honey; at VZ cents a pound it is worth 10 cents.
So, "if the one huney is worth 8 cents a pound, the other is worth 10
cents. .That is on the supposition that one honey is just as good as
the other except as to the matter of density. As a matter of tact it is
not.

It is very clear that there is no fairness in having these two
honeys sell at the same price; so it would seem desirable that there
should be some standard by which the price could be established. Is
it feasible to adopt and to use such a standard? That is another
question.

As to the Queen and Her Treatment.— On page 532,
some questions were asked of Arthur C. Miller with regard to some of
the relations of queen and workers. Answers were promptly received,
and, with apologies to Mr. Miller fur delay, they are here given :

1. Caressing. — I interpret It as curiosity, and searching for food.
I also surmise the odor of a pregnant female, or, in the case of a
queen-bee, whose structure is peculiar, we may have an odor compar-
able to that of animals " in heat.'' may be accountable for some of the
attention the queen receives. Certainly, virgin queens, " exhausted "
queens, and r;ueens not laying, attract far less attention than does a
queen in the full tide of laying.

"Grooming "is the only thing approaching "respect," and I
should be pleased for an explanation of its purpose.

2. Tongue Poked from Cells.— I don't know what for. It may
be for food, but I've never seen a queen get any then. And —

3. How Does a. Qieen Ask for Food;— With her antenn:?.
That is to say. they are always active when she is seeking food, and
often a deal of " talk " takes place between the queen aud the bee
from which she is soon to obtain food.

If you will watch a queen-cell you will seldom see che antenn;B
put through the cut except for an instant now and then. Cut them
from a bee of any kind aud note the result. Immediately the poor
creature seems to become deaf, dumb and blind. Lubbock made ex-
tensive experiments in that line.

- The management of queens in nurseries, in introducing, theories
of stimulating, etc., are all based on the assumption that bees offer
ood, " holdingout their tongues to the (jueen, offering her food." I
believe the individual bees to be utterly selfish. 1 think we must (for
many purposes) regard the colony merely as an aggregation of indi-
viduals, each possessing many of the characteristics of "solitary''
bees, which, I believe, is considered the original type from which the
honey-bee sprung. ARTHtJR C. Miller.

If observation shows that bees never offer food with the tongue,
and that food is never thus given, the food being given by the mouth
and received by the tongue, it is well to be exact in our knowledge on
that point, even at the expense of giving up cherished traditions.
Whether all will be ready to accept the view that workers are without
special affection for their reigning sovereign — the term "reigning
sovereign " being used in a highly figurative sense as a sort of tradi-
tional habit— remains to be seen. So long as Mr. Miller is himself un-
certain as to the purpose of " grooming," while admitting its approach
to " respect,'' he may expect that some will believe it is respect; and
the " admiring circle" so frequently seen formed about a queen, and
the wail of the bees at her loss, will be offered as proofs not only of
respect but affection.

In pulling up weeds in a flower-bed one is in danger of pulling up
flowers at the same time. If, while the weeds are being pulled up, we
find the roots of some of our flowers disttirbed, let us thank the
weeder for pulling up the weeds.

ftlay Supplant Sugar-Beet.— Under this heading appears the
following dispatch from Washington to the Chicago Daily News:

The Agricultural Department is ini|uiring into the statement of
Consul General R'lchard Guenther, that a new plant has been discov-
ered in South America, which promises to supplant the sugar-cane and
the sugar-beet. Scientifically the plant is known as the Enpalorlnm
rebamlium, and it contains a large amount of saccharine matter prop-
erties, which are easy to extract.

According to Mr. Guenther, a lump the size of a liver-pill will do
the business in a cup of coffee, as the product made from the plant is
fronp 20 to 30 times sweeter than cane or beet sugar. It is said to be
easily cultivated in countries having climatic conditions similar to
those of the southern portion ot the United States.

Bee-keepers are not specially anxious as to how sugar-beet men
may view this matter, but any new development in " sweets" can
hardly fail to suggest the question, " What effect will it have on the
honey market?"

The probability is that nothing will come of it, for at present it
is only in the rumor stage, but suppose that what Mr. Guenther is re-
ported to have said should turn out to be true, there is a possibility
that the price of sugar may be materially reduced, in which case what
about the price of honey ?

It is not at all certain that cutting the price of sugar in two would
have any material effect on the price of honey— certainly the price of
honey would not be cut in two as a consequence. With the price of
sugar and honey close together there is direct competition, for, to a
large extent, one can take the place ot the other as a mere sweetener.

628

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

When, however, a man pays for a section of honey an amount that
would purchase three pounds of sugar, the two can hardly be said to
be in competition, and the extra price paid for the honey is paid for
the extra qualities it possesses, and with which sugar can in no way
compete. A drop in the price of sugar to 3 cents a pound would not
induce him to take the sugar in place of the honey any more than
when sugar was 0 cents. So we need not worry whether or not Eiqm-
toriiim rebnudium materializes as a formidable competitor of the
sugar-beet.

[ Sketches of Beedomites )

UDO TOEPPERWEIX.

Mr. Udo Toepperwein, whose portrait graces our first page this
week, is a resident of Texas. He began the bee-business when a little
boy, and decided, years before he was of age, that he would make bee-
keeping a life study. He gradually worked his way up, and is now
manager of the Texas branch of one of the largest bee-supply manu-
facturers in the world, and also has the exclusive sale in that State of
honey-cans made by a large firm.

Mr. Toepperwein also has an extensive business in buying whole
crops of honey from bee-keepers in and around the locality where he
lives, and has himself apiaries at different places near, besides an api-
ary of 40 colonies right in the city.

Mr. T. was married only about a year ago, is a bright young
business man, only 25 years of age, and seems to be able to take care
of almost any amount of business with good judgment. Last spring
he was appointed a member of the Board of Directors of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, to take the place of Mr. A. I. Root, who had
recently resigned.

We have met Mr. Toepperwein on several occasions, and believe
he is representative of the best in beedom in the State of Texas. He
is quite a " convention trotter," though he seldom takes any part in
discussions unless called out, when he speaks with a freedom and in-
telligence that evidently are born of experience. We believe he will
prove an honor to Texas and a credit to himself as a member of the
Board of Directors of the National Association.

Miscellaneous Items

On to Los Angeles! — Having arrived at Williams again, about
noon on Monday, Aug. 17, after visiting the Grand Canyon, our car
was attached to the through train on the main line of the Santa Fe,
bound for Los Angeles. It was a delightful ride for many miles, sur-
rounded with mountains whose sides were covered with pines, and
along the railroad acres of the beautiful cleome, or Rocky Mountain
bee-plant, nodding in the breezes.

But towards evening we began to get into the New Mexico desert,
and how hot it was! Nothing but heated sand all around us, and hot
sunshine above us, with a suffocating breeze that one could imagine
came from the lower regions.

We arrived at Needles about 9 p.m. This is called the hottest
place along the line. We could easily believe it. The temperature
must have been about 110 degrees above zero. It seemed to us the
hottest night we ever passed through— and yet not as terrible as we
expected from the way we had been previously warned.

At Needles, Indian squaws and maidens were offering long strings
of beads of various colors, which were very pretty indeed. And they
made many sales to the ladies of our train. The prettiest were t^l.OO
per string, though in other places $1.7.5 or $2.00 are the prices asked
for the same thing. They are worn by ladies as girdles, or around the
neck, and are indeed quite attractive.

We omitted to say that at Williams, the Santa Fe railroad company
put on our train a man known as a " Tourist Conductor." At least
that was what it said on his cap. His name was Max Jenney. (Prob-

ably he has that same name yet, as he was a married man at the time !)
Now, we have met men that we thought could talk — men that some
would say had a double dose of " the gift of the gab." But here was a
man that simply was " all talk." Why, he knew everything about
everything that anybody possibly wanted to ask about California or
anything else. He knew the flowers, the fruits, the mountains, the
climate — well, we wouldn't have space to mention them all. He was
good-natured, too. If the Santa Fe ever pays any of its employees for
genuine talking ability, Max Jenney ought to get a big salary. He
earns it. In fact, the State of California ought to pay him, too. If
everybody he meets doesn't stay in California after once inside the
State, it won't be Max Jenney's fault. We just got away from him
as fast as possible. Why, he'd make you forget the old home and any
business there (if you left any), and have you believe California is
really the vestibule to Heaven.

Max Jenney ! — the car of bee-keepers won't forget him soon. He's
a good one. He's an actor, an enterprising story-teller — true (?)
stories, of course — a " hale fellow, well met" — a "Tourist Conduc-
tor!" Ah, "Max," you're a dandy. Long may you live to " con-
duct" the " tourists " into your land of bloom, of sunshine, of cli-
mate— of heat and dust — gold, and the more common, earthy kind of
dust.

The morning of Tuesday, Aug. 18, we began to get into the San
Bernardino Mountains. We were at last in California! Could it be
possible? Personally, we had longed, for years, to set eyes on that
far-away land of gold. Finally, we were "right in it." There were
the orange and lemon groves, the eucalyptus and pepper trees. Yes,
and the yucca and cacti. But no grass! Oh, how dry and barren the
ground looked ! And everything covered with dust.

We reached Pasadena, which is some 10 miles this side of Los
Angeles, about 9 a.m. Having relatives there, we stopped off
until towards evening. We were at once driven in a carriage to one
of the many lovely homes to be found there, and the very first thing
we did was to take a good bath. Oh, wasn't it fine, after that long,
dusty ride of nearly a week? flow blessed it was to be clean once
more! If we could only then have taken a long nap, we would have
felt more natural again. But there was no time for that. We must
soon take the street-car for Los Angeles, in order to be on hand for
the reception to be tendered by the California bee-keepers in the
evening.

Oh, yes, we forgot to say that as we stepped off the train at Pasa-
dena who should we see but Geo. W. Brodbeck? He had come out
from Los Angeles to meet the car-load of bee-keepers and ride in with
them. We had never met Mr. Brodbeck before, though we had had a
pleasant correspondence acquaintance with him for years. We are
glad that so good a man is to succeed us in the secretaryship of the
National Association next January. Mr. Brodbeck is a man that not
only California bee-keepers, but all the rest in the whole country, may
well be proud of.

We arrived at the Natick House about 6 p.m., and after supper
went over to Blanchard's Hall, on Broadway, where the sessions of
the convention were to be held. At the appointed hour the room was
well filled, and "then the music began." The orchestra of the
Sunday-school of the First M. E. Church of Los Angeles was present,
and the music they rendered was surely inspiring. The superintend-
ent of the school was seated near the rear of the room, and evidently
enjoyed the program. By the way, this superintendent was none
other than Dr. H. W. Brodbeck, a brother of Geo. W.. and one of the
most pushing (and doubtless "pulling," as well) dentists on the
Pacific Coast. We will have more to say of Dr. Brodbeck later on.

As has been already announced in these columns, the evening
session was presided over by Pres. T. O. Andrews, of the California
Association. It was a very enjoyable evening. Everybody seemed
happy, even if it was too awfully hot for comfort. It was an un-
usually heated spell for that locality — at least that's what those Call,
fornians said, and, of course, we had to believe them, as they ought to
know. We didn't. All we knew was that if that was a fair sample
of the glorious California climate we have heard so much about, we
could find the same thing without going over 2000 miles away from
home.

But after Prof. Cook and some others had given us all such a
royal welcome, and after we had met a number of the extensive bee-
keepers— extensive both as to bees and good-nature — that were pres-
ent, we felt quite at home, and decided that we were going to have a
good couvention. What with Cook, and Harbison, and Corey, and
Brodbeck, and Mercer, and Mellen, and Mendleson, and Molntyre,

Oct. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

629

and— and— well, so many other geuial Californians, who couldn't havB
had a good and profitable time for a few days?

But as to what was done and said during tlie convention, that
will be found in the regular published report which is now appearing
in these columns. In some ways it was the greatest convention of
bee-kfeepers ever held on this continent, or in the world. We were
glad to be permitted to be present— to be one ot that goodly company.
We will never forget it. We will look back to it for years to come,
and only wish that we could have remained several weeks after the
meeting, instead of only two or three days. But a weekly paper re-
quires constant attention, and lots ot " copy," so it was necessary for
us to hasten home instead of visiting, as we would so much have
preferred to do. The next time we go out there, we hope to be able
to stay a month or so.

Some after-convention experiences will be reserved for our next
week's installment of these notes.

Convention Proceedings 1

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Ppoeeedings of the 34th Annual

Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from pag-e 615.)
CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING.

Prof. Cook— If any of you would like to ask any
questions, I am sure Mr. Reed will be glad to answer them.

Dr. Miller— It is now 10 minutes of 11 ; some of us have
come a long way, and we have not struck any bee-talk. We
don't know about oranges; we don't care about oranges,
but I want to say to you that I feel like giving a very hearty
vote of thanks to the citrus producers in general, and to
Prof. Cook and Mr. Reed for talking to us about oranges.
They have blazed the way that we ought to go. If we heard
nothing else in this convention, and could go away feeling
that something was going to be done as they have done,
our coming would not have been in vain. I want to move a
standing vote of thanks to Mr. Reed.

Motion carried.

Dr. Miller— I think there is a string of questions about
that long [indicating by extended arms] that we would like
to ask him, but I believe we are ignorant ; we do not know
what we want, and if there is anything in particular— I am
all at sea— I do not know what is the right thing. If any
of you know more than I do, and can ask questions, go
ahead. I feel there is a great deal to be said on this subject.

Dr. D. W. Edward— At a number of meetings that I
have had the pleasure and privilege of attending of the
bee-keepers, I have heard this matter thoroughly discussed,
and I respond heartily to the vote of thanks. However, this
IS the National Bee-Keepers' Association, not a citrus fruit
convention. I am interested in both in a financial way,
and I would say, that so far as my interest in the honey is
concerned, the only interest I feel in this subject is in a
lecture on the orange and lemon blossoms. It seems to me
we are ignoring the fact that wliatever this is, it has ex-
isted for years, and there is already an organization which
is doing business to-day successfully operated by honey-
producers exactly on the line that has been suggested, and
which has been entirely ignored, so far as this discussion
has gone. I would like to hear from these men of their
organization, so that they are all converted to the idea of
co-operation, or organization to carry out the same ideas
advanced by Prof. Cook. And if that has been the begin-
ning of the citrus fruit growers' association, why go back
and rehash all that— why not go back to the bee-question ?

Prof. Cook — I do not agree with the gentleman one bit.
We have formed here a honey association, but it is just
started. We want to form on something akin to that that
has succeeded. In all essential respects they are just the
same — it is the marketing of a product produced by people.

If these honey exchanges had been of long standing, we
would not say a word about oranges. We have an organi-
zation that is in California. This is the United States I
We want to touch questions that affect the whole country.
One year ago this came up the first time in the National
Association. It is a new thing, and we have nothing to re-
fer to in bee-interests, and in this fruit exchange we have
an example, and that is why I wanted Mr. Reed to come
here this morning. These bee-men have a year or two at
the most ; they have just started. Our friend, Mr. Brown,
went to Denver, last year, and stirred up the whole country.
But it is very little we have done — hardly anything yet.

T. O. Andrews— Has your co-operation, the Citrus Fruit
Exchange, worked much of a revolution in the freight
rates ? That is one of our difficulties.

Mr. Reed— No, we have not. We are practically owned
by one railroad. We have done a good many things though
that have aided and helped us at times in the rate business.
There was one year we asked for a special rate to fight the
foreign oranges. They gave it to us for four months, and
that was the first time citrus oranges had been introduced
to any extent. We went into the New York market and
drove the foreign oranges out of it. Then the lemons.
Without our fruit exchange we could never have accom-
plished what we did. I believe the citrus growers owe to
the organization of the Southern California Fruit Exchange
more than to anybody or all else together, the fact that they
organized and could fight for a tariff and get it.

E. T. Abbott — I do not believe in anything he says — ■
that is, in his theory. I want to talk about it later. I want
to say, however, that in the five days travel it took me to
get here, I have only traveled in a portion of the United
States. I live in the center of the United States. The
United States is a little portion of the territory covered by
the territory of this National Association. This Associa-
tion does not belong to the United States. It belongs to
Canada, also. And to use illustrations by what has been
done in a little patch of country that is not as big as a little
neck of New York, is all fallacious.

F. E. Brown — I had not expected to say anything at
this time ; I have made no preparations whatever, but I am
to have the opportunity of saying a few words along these
lines. I am sure, as has been stated by Mr. Abbott, that
this is a great question. It is one that has great magni-
tude. It reaches over a large space of territory, but at the
same time there is not so much more business transacted by
the honey-men than there is, perhaps, by the Fruit Ex-
change. But it is also true that the citrus fruit industry is
centered in one locality, so to speak, while ours is spread
out; but I do not see that this matters so much. I have
been much interested this morning by the talk of Mr.
Reed, because experience is a great teacher, and if we can
profit by this experience, it will save us money ; it will save
us time, and a great deal of time, and a great deal of an-
noyance.

Now, I say to this assembly, we are inclined to believe
that because we are producers of honey we are capable of
transacting and carrying on our own business, regardless
of the fruit-growers. This is a pride that we have of our-
selves. This is all right. I am glad we have ambition
along these lines. And while the fruit-man has organized,
and while his organization has been a success, it has not
been due to previous experience, as Mr. Reed has told us.
But he said, " We have men of brains," and, ladies and
gentlemen, we have men of brains in our ranks.

Now, while our honey interests are situated in localities
from California to Maine, it is necessary for us to organize
in localities. We believe this is so. Prof. Cook believes
this is so, and he is writing along these lines. We are or-
ganized, and we will organize in localities. We will or-
ganize and transact business in localities. Then we will
simply take hold of hands and march along to success. Is
not that reasonable ? Is not that so ? Eook at the associa-
tion in Colorado. They are a strong organization that any
bee-man should be proud of.

Look in other localities — Central California I should
not pass, because I am from Central California. I have
worked in that association from its beginning, and we have
made a record that I am proud of, and I am glad to say it
to my brethren here to-day. Look at Southern California —
some 200 to 300 miles away from Central California. They
have made a beginning that we bee-keepers of the Pacific
Coast should be very proud of. It is a good thing. They
are doing well. Look at their name — The California Na-
tional Honey-Producers' Association 1

Dr. Miller made this remark: "What is that word
' National ' attached to the Honey-Producers' Association

630

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

of California ?" The explanation given was that in Cali-
fornia they do things in big ways. The State is a world of
its own. But that word " National " applied to the Califor-
nia Honey-Producers' Association means more than that.
It is a handle to hold onto, it is a coupling to couple onto.
When you start your association, start an association hav-
ing a place by which it can be attached — coupled onto other
associations, and we can be coupled together as one train.

I am not going to comment upon what Mr. Reed has
said about this orange growers' association. They have
worked a good work ; they have succeeded splendidly. By
local organization, local associations all united for a defi-
nite purpose and working together, they have wrought this
result. There are matters of detail that we may incorpor-
ate into our association or not, as we please, but the thing
is to organize, and have a place by which we expect to be-
come a part of the National organization. The California
National Honey-Producers' Association we expect will reach
out into Arizona. Here is Mr. Ivy, he will have an associa-
tion ; and then we expect to reach out over to Mr. Harris,
in Colorado, and I am sure he will be glad to couple on.
Then there is Texas doing a noble work. We will go across
the continent, spread out, and then we will take in all the
honey-producers of this great land, but we can not slop
there. We must reach out and take in Cuba. The Cuban
question is one that we are " up against," and we must have
that in our association. It does not matter about distance.
Distance is nothing to-day with our rapid transportation
and rapid communication. So, when we have these local
organizations, and then means by which we can take care
of the goods, there is no impossibility about it — not at all !

Now, regarding the selling agency, just a word. Any
local associations to-day have to place their goods upon
the market somewhere. They do not keep them. Now, my
own experience lately : I have a crop of honey in Southern
California to sell. We are holding it for better prices. We
expect this, for the people around here who have not or-
ganized are selling to the commission men, and we, who
have organized, will reap the benefit of the market. You,
who are not organized, will see later on what you are los-
ing, as you have in times past. But we have to market our
honey. We have to sell it somewhere. We have a broker
in Chicago, Boston, or New York. These brokers receive a
commission for handling our goods. Now, the orange peo-
ple may have salesmen, and their expenses will be about
the same as that of the broker. What we want is a central
selling agency that may direct the selling of these goods,
and then a man in New York, who has been accustomed to
sending to him, can simply place his order with the central
selling agency for a car-load of Central California honey.
We can deal with the selling agency, and then it is safe.
We can not always tell what our brokers will do, but when
we have our selling agency, there will be confidence estab-
lished, so that any man will be willing to trust his goods to
that selling agency.

Prof. Cook — I am glad that Mr. Abbott does disagree
with me, because there wouldn't be any fun if we all saw
these things alike. You have heard the old story : Tom
and Bill both enlisted in the army. Tom said, " I always
did like war; I was a single man, and so I enlisted." Bill
said, " I was a married man, and I like peace, and so I en-
listed !" But we want to work together, and start right out.
We have to convert the whole country — not like California
and Colorado. We want to take in the whole country, and
can do it. Another story : Two men leaned over the wharf
to catch the fish. When the fish began to pull on the lines,
one said, " I can't swim ; I am drowning !" The other said,
" I can't swim, and I am downing, too ; but lam not mak-
ing such a blamed fuss about it." I hope you will all go
home and make such a fuss that the whole country will
hear it, and that we will have such an organization of the
whole country as you have had in Colorado so' successfully
for the past three years, and such as the Citrus Fruit Ex-
change has had so successfully in Southern California for
the past six years. This is going to be a great work, but I
think the time of the real fun in life is getting under a big
load and raising it — under a great problem and then make
it move.

Mr. Abbott — This discussion seems to be drifting in the
way of unionism. The unions always get things in their
own hands, and then it means, "Go the way they do, or
die 1" This morning we seem to have been served notice
that the other side can not be discussed. I want to say that
I am first, last, and all the time opposed to turning over
this National Bee-Keepers' Association to any kind of an
association that simply means the dollar. The world is all
striped over with the dollar-mark. If there is not a dollar-

mark to measure the value of a thing, it has no value ! I
believe in keeping the National Association free from the
dollar-mark. I do not believe in sending it out on a mission
of money. It has a better mission in the world, and I hope
to see it fulfill that mission. If you purpose to put it on a
basis of commerce, you will simply go to the wall.

A few years ago, Mr. Root said I helped to make the
National! Association. At the first meeting we ever had
this question was up, and it has been talked more or less
ever since, that we would have a great Central Honey Ex-
change, and sell our honey at our price. All the citrus fruit
is produced in a little space in California. You have about
SO percent of the citrus fruit-growers in this Citrus Fruit
Exchange. When can you get SO percent of the honey-pro-
ducers into such an exchange ? You can not get SO percent
of them into an organization in a thousand years ! Then
you and I will be dead and gone, and will not care so much
for the Almighty Dollar as we do now.

This is a day when we try to minify the individual — a
day of socialism, when men have nothing to do but theorize.
The atmosphere is charged with it all through from Mis-
souri up to where the waves surge against your shores. But
there are high moral principles that lived before these
things were, and they will live after these things are gone,
and the only thing I have to suggest is that all these
" isms " are self-destructive. If they were not, I believe all
these combinations would force upon us the bloodiest war
that ever has been known. We have had some of these
combinations, which have called out every man in the town
belonging to their union, simply because one man claimed
the right to support his wife and little babies. What did
the walking delegate say 7 " We have killed other towns,
and we can kill this !" This is the other side of the ques-
tion, and it is a serious side. It means danger to the people
of this country, and it means serious danger. It is not a
question of efficiency ; it is not a question of ability ; it is
simply a question of compelling men to belong to the union
whether inferior laborers or not, and when I employ a man
to set up my paper, I dare not ask him whether he is a good
printer or not. The only question is, " Do you belong to
the union ?" This is the spirit you are falling in with, and
when you have gotten through you are just where you com-
menced. I do not want to disagree with all of you, but I
want to say, Be careful ; the Almighty Dollar is not all
there is in it. We do not want a commercial organization,
bound by commercial rules, said to be governed by honest
men. Do you know, dishonest men sometimes get into
strange places ? Did you read about the minister that ran
away with the missionary money — $70,000 — and went away
to die in disrepute ? They thought honest men were hand-
ling that money. All of these things are to be considered.
This is the other side of it, and I just want to leave this
word of warning : When you turn the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association over to an organization to sell honey, you
will simply put it where it will lose its power in the world.

Jas. U. Harris — I see Mr. Abbott has to be "shown."
I feel astounded to see that any man would come on the
floor of this convention and try to throw anything in the
way of the horny hand of toil. Everything that is brought
forward in the way of wealth is done by the laboring man.
The capitalist of this country is organized. You may have
bad, you may have good, in all these organizations. You
have bad, and you have good in your churches. But, for
heaven's sake, when we go to work like the honey-producers
of Colorado, and the fruit-producers of California, let each
and every man put his shoulder to the wheel and help along.
The time has come when the farmer, the merchant, the bee-
man, and all others have to protect their babies and their
homes on the lines that have been argued here this morn-
ing. Let me say that we are not going to turn this insti-
tution into any financial institution at all. The honey-pro-
ducers' association of the United States will be distinct and
separate from this organization. But it is a stepping-stone
to help every person who engages in this industry to get
what is right, and what is just for his product.

C. P. Dadant — I do not believe, when ws organize, that
it is possible to separate ourselves from the Almighty Dol-
lar ? Organization, association, is the order of mankind.
There are very few not organized in some way or other. I
belong to the National Bee-Keepers' Association. Most
men belong to some secret association, some life insurance
company. When a man insures his life, he insures it so his
wife and little ones will have something when he dies. Is
that wrong? But that is an organization with the
Almighty Dollar in view. But I do not believe we can get
our association in that shape yet.

Dr. Miller — I wrote a letter to my wife this morning.

Oct. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

631

That is nothing-; I have written 15 others to her since I left
home. And I put it in a box down here. By and by a man
will come around and he will pick out that letter, and he
will take it over to a big building that is here. He will put
it in there, and he will put it in a certain place, and it will
be taken on the cars and go from one man to another and
be taken about 2000 miles and put it into a little office in the
town of Marengo. I live in the country, and there will be a
man there who will take that letter and put it in the box out
where I live, and somebody will take it out of the box at my
house. And what do you suppose I paid for that ? I paid
just 2 cents 1 [Laughter.] And that is co-operation 1

Frank Benton — I wish to say that the foundation of
this country is on co-operative principles. We are all to-
gether. It is a co-operative government, in our post-office
facilities, and in all departments of the government. And
why should we stand out as" an organization? We are " up
against" the railroad combine, the tin combine, and even
the boxes that hold our honey. That being the case, is it
not necessary for us to get together and buy in large quan-
tities, and buy these things at the minimum, cost? It does
not necessarily increase the cost to the man who eats it.
We minimize the cost of production all the way around, and
sell the honey to the individual at the same price he is pay-
ing to-day. I believe it would be possible so to minimize
the cost of producing, packing, and all expenses, as to
realize more than three times the actual profit that we are
making at the present time. Why should we not co-operate?

J. K. Williamson — There is one matter of co-operation
we should have the benefit of right here at the convention.
We are entitled to reduced railroad rates, and if each and
every one had gotten a receipt for his ticket, what we could
have saved in our railroad fare would almost have paid the
expenses of the convention. And we want to impress upon
all to take a receipt for their railroad tickets and bring them
here. If we have over SO members present, we are entitled
to reduced rates.

A. F. Morley — I have given this matter a good deal of
thought for a few years, from a remark I heard a speaker
make, and I believe it is a fact, that we never get around in
any shape only as we drift with the tide. And when one
little company of five or six go to shift the other way, they
will simply miss the track.

Albert B. Mellen — I agree heartily with Dr. Miller. I
agree heartily with Mr. Abbott. Now, that is queer, isn't
it? We are working to raise the price of honey to meet the
raise in the price of everything else. That is exactly what
the stock-brokers are doing in Wall Street. Up, up, up 1
Bound to fall ! Dr. Miller says he can send a letter from
here to Illinois for 2 cents. He can do more than that. If
they can not find the party to deliver it to, they will bring
it back and chase him around for two years to return it to
him, and it will only cost him the original 2 cents. The
fare from New York to San Francisco is about $100. It has
been demonstrated that passengers can be carried for $2.50.
Now, instead of working the price up, let us work the price
down. When you get the price of honey too high, very few
people will buy it — can not afford it. If we could sell honey
at 5 cents a pound, and could ride from lyos Angeles to New
York for $2.50, we would be making more money than we
do now. It is not the amount of money that we get, but the
amount we get for our money that tells the story. They
are raising the price of everything, up, up, up. Now, if we
aie going to co-operate, let us be co-operated. I do not pur-
pose to run this thing into politics, but let us run it into
universal co-operation.

Pres. Hutchinson — I will announce the committees, and
then we will take a recess :

On Amendments — J. U. Harris, W. F. Marks, George
W. Brodbeck, Udo Toepperwein, C. P. Dadant.

On Memorials— Dr. C. C. Miller, Prof. A. J. Cook, N.
Levering, and M. H. Mendleson.

On Resolutions — J. M. Hambaugh, A. I. Root, and H.
H. Hyde.

On Publicity — Emerson T. Abbott, L. E. Mercer, and
J. F. Mclntyre.

An adjournment was then taken until 2 p.m.
(Continued next week.}

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Contributed Articles

Bulk Comb Honey— Eucalyptus Trees.

BY PKOF. A. J. COOK.

MR. P. G. CARTTER, a subscriber to the American Bee
Journal from California, keeps a few colonies of bees,
and is also a dealer in honey. He asks me to express
myself, through the Bee Journal, on two propositions. He
sells much bulk comb honey. He puts this in pails and fills
the pails with good extracted honey. He finds a ready sale
at a good price. He asks why not put most of our comb
honey in this way on the market, in lieu of the common sec-
tions. He also wishes to know if it is practicable, and, if so,
desirable, to place nice glass jars right on the hives and
have the honey stored in them all ready for market.

Years ago it was quite common to sell bulk honey in
the fashion suggested above. The fact that such sales are
now very rare, and very rarely attempted, shows that in the
evolution of our present methods this one has become nearly
extinct, while the sections have come to the front every-
where. This, alone, would prove that for the average and
general market the sections are preferable. The reason for
this is not far to seek. There is something exquisite in the
neat, white sections as they are seen in the retail grocery.
Their very looks are a bid for purchase. In the dining-room
a dextrous cut removes them, and we have the immaculate,
irresistible comb honey of just the right size right on the
china, with no daub or untidyness, all ready for the most
fastidious guest. Not so the bulk comb honey. It is taken
from the pail all smeared with liquid honey that has sur-
rounded it, which would not please any housewife, not to
speak of her guests. More, it is not trim and neat in form,
and certainly could never hope to compete on any table, or
with any lover of such sweets, with the exquisite comb,
clean and trim, just as it comes from the section.

Again, this bulk comb honey, with its old-time retainer,
has an unsavory history. I think it originated with the
Perrines, in Chicago. They put it in pails or jars and sur-
rounded it, not with pure extracted honey, as our friend
suggests, but with honey heavily adulterated with glucose.
The Thurbers, of New York, who afterwards sold much of
this kind of honey, defended the practice in the fact that
such adulterated honey would not candy or granulate, and so
would be preferred in the market, while the chunk of comb
would push the fraud on the market and table. They did
not say, however, that the far cheaper glucose sold as
honey, and for the price of honey, secured a profit, which,
though illicit, was no light weight as an argument in favor
of the practice. A loud complaint was uttered, and the
Thurbers consented to the abandonment of the practice.
I fear that extracted honey is still largely adulterated with
glucose, yet I think there is very little, if any, sold in this
fashion. If it were, I should raise my pen and voice hard
and loud against it. I am sure that two good counts can be
made against such frauds — counts other than that adultera-
tion is a fraud, and so the Devil's own business :

First, honey adulteration with glucose is not whole-
some, else why is it fatal as a winter food for bees ? and,
why do bees refuse to take it, if they can get any other sweet ?
Although high chemical authority has defended the whole-
some character of glucose as a food, the bees themselves
refute the statement.

Secondly, the glucose, either of honey or candy adulter-
ation, leaves a peculiar, brassy taste in the mouth, which
will soon create a distaste for such honey, and thusadouble
thrust at the honest bee-keeper ; it requires him to compete
with an unwholesome, cheapened product, and with a
product that is sure to " bear " his market. Let us all not
only denounce this and all adulteration, but let us raise our
most emphatic protest against it every time and place, and
on every occasion. Let us continue to urge with renewed
vigor until we have the best and wisest A'ai';o«a//i«rfyt)0(/
law.

As this form of honey adulteration is no longer prac-
ticed, so far as I know, I see no reason why any may
not sell bulk comb honey in this form if their market war-
rants or suggests it, yet I feel sure that they must, perforce,
keep the incomparable section-honey out of sight, or their
sales will not be very heavy. Hard, manual labor, and the

632

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHI>AU.

Oct. 1, 1903.

keen appetite of youth, especially when coupled with a scant
purse, may furnish a market for a limited supply.

BBSS STORING IN GLASS JARS.

There are several reasons why it will never pay to secure
our surplus in glass jars by the bees. The jars are too
costly ; the bees are not as ready to enter and store in them ;
and the stain on the glass as it is made a foot-path for bee-
travel, would make the jars uninviting. Cleaning would
be far too difficult and laborious, in the nature of the case,
to be practicable. For exhibition purpose at fair or exposi-
tion this may pay, for then we can afford the labor to make
it neat and attractive, but as a general proposition it will
never find favor, I am sure.

EUCALYPTUS.

Mr. H., of Corona, California, asks what eucalyptus I
would suggest for honey. I am glad to answer this, as this
beautiful tree should be planted far more extensively in our
State than it is. There are fine blocks of it scattered here
and there all about. There should be groves of it thickly
set all about us, and the streets should be lined everywhere
by these fine trees. Beauty, comfort and climatic influence
all loudly favor such tree-planting. The blossoms are
showy, persist for weeks, and can be had, by careful selec-
tion in every month of the year, and are all attractive to
bees. I would suggest Eucalyptus corynocalyx. This
grows rapidly, furnishes fine timber, and is known as the
sugar-gum. E. rostrata, or red-gum, is very useful for tim-
ber. E. Sideroxylon is very handsome, graceful, has ex-
quisite foliage, and may well be planted. This and E. fici-
folia have beautiful-colored blossoms. E. crebra, E. diver-
sicolor, E. polyanthemos, and E. Gunni, all are worthy a
trial.

E. diversicolor, E. rudis, and E. Gunni stand much cold,
the first enduring a temperature down to 8 degrees F., the
others to 18 degrees F. E. citrodora is a fine honey-tree,
one of the very best, and has a pleasant fragrance, but it
will not stand much of a freeze, especially when young.
We have fine trees at Claremont, but they killed down at
first. They seem hardy now, for they stood a freeze down
to 23 degrees F. last winter. I hope many will plant these
trees. Eos Angeles Co., Calif., Aug. 14.

[ Our Bec-Heepin§ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Interesting- Experiences of a Sister.

You want the experience of some of the sister bee-keep-
ers. The last three days I have had considerable, but not
pleasant. One of the tenants on one of my farms was tak-
ing surplus cases from his hives, and wanted to take part of
mine off. Now I, for myself, like to take the honey from
the hives late in the fall ; it is cured better. And now I
want to ask some questions :

1. We found the hive-body full of honey, and the queen
gone into the supers and had reared a young swarm. If a
queen-excluder was put on would it do to take part of the
honey from below, or would it be better to add supers to
make more room above 7

2. I had two and three swarms in the air a day ; Bokhara
began to bloom, and then they filled the hive, but did not
swarm. I wrapped up two supers and took them to a small
town and called on a prominent attorney to sell honey. His
wife was at a summer resort, and his boys did not like honey,
but he concluded to take 4 pounds. We took the supers to
a store to weigh the honey ; when I saw the dark comb I
felt as if 40 cents was a big price ; but my next order was
for $10 worth ; he was a farmer ; it was for chunk honey.
So I shall reverse and sell from below. Will additional
supers prevent late swarms?

3. Bees are very busy now on goldenrod. I had some
colonies in the supers last year, and they used up what honey
there was above, and they would not go down for supplies,
so the brood ought to be below ; they had plenty, but seem
to go up when in the cluster for winter, and when they got
to the cover could go no farther. Should a queen-excluder

be put between the surplus and brood ? What will make
them build straight in the sections ?

The help was threshing Bokhara seed to ship, so I
thought I would send some beeswax, too, and came very
nearly having a fire. I left the melting wax to get some
corn to cook, and it boiled over, and burning lard is not
equal to the blaze I had upon getting to the door. I seized
a pitchfork and lifted the blazing can from the fire. A sun
extractor would be far more safe. So you see what I don't
know would fill a big book ; but experience is a variety —
some pleasant, and some otherwise.

After I got the honey and brood-combs out of those
supers I put them into a tub of water and scraped them
with a table-knife, sections and section-holders, and put on
a duck coat and leather mittens, a bee-veil, straw hat (with
a brim), took the smoker and went to put them back in the
hives, as the bees are building four combs of honey under
the alighting-board out-of-doors. I have tiered up three
supers to the hive; I put them all on but the last one with-
out a string ; it was a big colony of Italians, and they were
filling a super every two weeks ; they covered me, so I
started for the house, pulling off my bee-veil and leaving it
on a bush as I went. I got to a tub of water and put my head
right into it until I had drowned the bees, but my face, neck,
ears and hands are twice the size they ought to be. One eye
was closed one day. I bathed my face with cold water, and
kept a folded towel, wet with cold water, on my head until
the pain subsided ; but it was awful for a short time. But
I got the super on and the cover, too, later in the day. Now
I think a large hive, and surplus room put on in the spring,
and then leave the honey on until late in the fall, are better
than small hives and to have to keep putting on supers.

MiNNIB Pebt.

Wabaunsee Co., Kans., August, 1903.

If you find that your customers prefer to have their
honey in combs with dark cappings, it will be all right to
leave the honey on till late. The honey itself will be a lit-
tle richer and riper. In general, however, the demand is
for honey with cappings snow-white, and to secure such
honey it should be taken off as soon as entirely sealed.

It is an unusual thing for the bees to change their
brood-nest into the upper story, but in the case you mention,
it would be just as well to take the honey from the lower
story as surplus, providing, of course, that you desire the
honey in such form as bulk honey, and providing that the
comb was not too old. Otherwise the best thing would be
to put the queen below, and make her stay there by means
of an excluder. The honey might be extracted from the
brood-combs, at least enough to give the queen room to lay,
or, if you prefer, you might oblige the bees to carry the
honey above, aiding them by uncapping the honey in the
brood-combs. In any case see that there is plenty of sur-
plus room above.

"Will additional supers prevent late swarms?" No
amount of super room will make them safe from swarming,
but it will help ; for being crowed is one of the things that
makes them want to swarm.

" Ought one always to put a queen-excluder between
the surplus and brood ? " When working for section-honey
it is not needed ; but when working either for bulk honey
or extracted, use one.

" What will make them build straight in the sections ? "
Use comb foundation in the sections, either as starters or
full sheets.

An Ephesian Coin and Its Fable.

Various were the ways by which the site of certain
cities were determined. For instance, the Palatine Hill be-
came the original site of the Mistress of the World, because
Romulus was so fortunate as to have seen a greater number
of vultures than Remus had beheld. Cadmus, obeying the
oracle, followed a cow, and on the plain where she stopped
built the city of Thebes. Ilus also followed a dappled
heifer, and on the " hill of Ate," where she layed down, he
found his city of Ilium.

But it was once reserved to designate to man whereon
to build his comb foundation, as it were. A tradition pre-
served by Philostratus, relates that when the Athenians led
their colony to found the city of Ephesus, the Muses in the
form of bees flew before them, directing the course of the
fleet.

Such is the fable explanatory of the figure of a bee ex-
ecuted on the ancient coins of Ephesus. Such is the story,
appropriate and beautiful, woven about the coin of that

Oct. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

6-ii

Ionian city once called " the light of Asia." The Ephesian
coin engraved in Humphrey's " Coin Collector's Manual " —
representing the stag on the obverse, and the bee on the re-
verse— belongs, we are told, " to the finest period of the
monetary art as practiced at Ephesus, probably soon after
the invasion of Alexander, when the Greek cities of Asia
Minor were relieved from the thralldom of Persia."

How one's fancy pictures forth the progress of that
^Egean fleet ! What a dainty and delicate theme for poet
and painter ! A theme, indeed, to be expressed in the softest
and most exquisite of touches! And then, too, how the
mind pictures the end of that bright voyage, and fain would
believe that —

" The melodies of birds and bees,

The murmuring of summer seas,

And pattering raiu and breathing dew,

And airs of evening,''^

voiced their welcome to that Athenian band, who were
divinely led under the sweet guise of bees, by the daughters
of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. KaTK V. Austin.

Wayne Co., Ind.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

LATB CnRING OF FOUL BROOD.

McEvoy's assertion that foul brood can be cured in
October by simple substitution of the combs, appears on
page 517. It helps a bad situation to the extent of giving
an alternative method. He thinks the new combs given
should be entirely full and capped, lest the bees store some-
where a patch of brought-along honey, and omit to use it out
again.

He sometimes succeeds in increasing the total number
of colonies at the same time that he is effecting a cure. But,
say, I guess he ought not to encourage hopes in that direc-
tion on the part of the ordinary bee-keeper. O. b.-k. will
damage his prospects of curing in his lust for increasing, if
that flea is cultivated in his stocking.

LAMBOTTE'S FOUL BROOD IDEA HIT HARD.

Thos. Wm. Cowan's knockdown argument to Dr. Lam-
botte will bear repeating. Bacilius Mesentericus is every-
where. If it were the cause of foul brood we should hear
of foul brood wherever bees are kept. The fact is, that there
are many regions and countries which are clear of it. Page
519.

RIGHT DRESS FOR BEE-KEEPERS.

" Eyes right, right dress 1 " Somebody shout that same
to some of the Brothers — considering the efforts the Sisters
are making to arrive at right dress. Page 520.

BURNING OUT THE MOTH-WORM.

So "Illinois ■' set fire to one of his hives in his vehe-
mence to be rid of the moth-worm. Ruefully admits that it
was hard on the bees, but seems not to consider that dous-
ing the establishment with lye would be a little hard, also.
When I hear of such strong measurers I think it most prob-
ably a case which had got beyond all remedial measures.
There is a time when the concern should be closed out.
Shake the remnant of poor, old, queenless bees into an
empty hive. Burn the rubbish in a fire, not in the hive, but
near by. Put the salvage in tightly closed quarters — which
must be looked over frequently, or it won't continue salvage
long. Page 521.

HOME-MADE GRAPE-NUTS AND POSTUM.

So bread soaked in honey and toasted brown in the oven
is Grape-Nuts ; and crust soaked in honey and toasted extra
brown is Postum. No danger of the former being worse
than the Grape-Nuts I tried to eat lately. I found Grape-
Nuts good when it first came out : so I guess it spoils quickly
with age (insoluble, and too hard), and that the grocer gave
me some that was too old. If we can make it ourselves we
can have it perfectly fresh ; and, perchance, that's about the
only way we can have it fresh in many cases. As I am a
regular health-food fiend, I should enjoy reading lots of

actual experiences on this line. Guess the average reader
would tolerate some. Thanks to Mr. S. Trowbridge for
his lead-off in the matter. Page 524.

THINKS ONE BACHELOR CAN'T COUNT.

Near relation to the boy who saw 500 cats in the back-
yard, is Brother Beverlin, if we read him correctly on page
526. His lis swarms of bees at one time need counting by
a man who didn't have his hands in the single-blessedness
bread at the time. Thus, might we have a more cool, sober,
and reliable census.

SPRING KILLING AND BALLING QUEENS.

A. G. Young is right to caution about getting queens
balled and killed in early spring. (This last queer spring
seems to have cap-sheaf for such work.) We have most of
us practiced and recommended an early looking over of the
frames and a cleaning out of the' bottoms. I don't know
now whether that practice is to be recommended or repro-
bated. Page 526.

REPRESSING THE SWARMING IMPULSE.

Will foundation or comb do the more to repress the
swarming impulse ? Which, indeed 7 We know that abun-
dance of clean worker-comb right at hand is a strong re-
pressive. Can we quite say that we know that thing of foun-
dation ? I kind o' guess that for a few hours after being put
in foundation is />r(7Z'oca/zV^ — to become a repressive later
on when worked out. Half enough of either one thrust in
the heart of the colony — 'spects we don't quite know that
that is repressive at all. Page 531.

THE UNCERTAIN DOINGS OF BEES.

I've seen somewhere a vivid account of the interior of a
hive when bees were fanning and roaring by night. Each
bee full of nectar, and gently protruding a minute drop en
the end of the ligula and then drawing it in again, and so
on indefinitely. (May be it's romance I've picked up.) Sup-
pose there could be, by novel-writer's device, a hungry Lee
in such a hive. Then, suppose the hungry bee should flour-
ish her liquid and knock off one of those little protruding
drops — and, in defiance of all new laws, appropriate it her-
self. That would be bad, Mr. Arthur C. Miller. Bees are
so enterprising, so multiplex, so do-nothing-in variably, so
sure to be breaking out in a new spot, that I, for one, dec line
to take the risk of saying they never do a thing when that
thing is manifestly not impossible. Page 535.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

ReduclHS Number of Colonies.

On page 573, Sept., 1902, you tell " Pennsylvania " how lo redu;e
the number of colonies in the fall. When you place the queenleis
colony on its own bottom-board over the " breeder," do you close up
the entrance of the top hive? Iowa.

Answer. — No; the idea was to leave the entrance so the old b^es
could go back to their old place, leaving the younger bees in the naw
place. If, however, you wanted to have the older bees al>o used for
strengthening, it would be all right to shut up the entrance, of course
guarding against sulTocation.

Slotted Sections— Bee-Keepers' Associations — Manage-
ment for Extracted Honey.

1. Is there any advantage in the sections open four sides, or open
top and bottom only, or only on bottom? If there is any, what is it?

2. Do you think a bee-keepers' association would help us any?
and how?

3. What do you think of putting the extra story under the main
brood-hive to prevent swarming when running for extracted honey?

4. Do you think they store any less honey? Virginia.
Answers.—]. I don't know whether sections open four sides are

much used now, but at onetime it was claimed that with the four sides
open the bees would have more freu communication, and would fill out
the capping to the wood better. The few that I tried did not seem to
have this advantage. A section open top and bottom is absolutely

634

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1. 1903.

necessary if you tier up. It you never use more than one super at a
time the opening at the bottom would be enough.

2. There are many ways in which an association of bee-keepers is
helpful, so many that there is no room to give them here. The Na-
tional Association has helped to defend a number of bee-keepers who
■would otherwise have been obliged to give up bee-keeping, and it has
helped to put down adulteration of honey. If it did nothing more,
that is sufficient to make it the right thing for every bee-keeper in the
land to send in his dollar to become a member.

3. Rightly managed, it may work very well.

4. No.

Section-Cases Under the Hive, Etc.

1. I notice in the Bee-Keepers' Review an e.'itract from your book,
" Forty Years Among the Bees," where you advocate placing the sec-
tion-cases under the hive. If pollen, travel-stains or propolis does not
bother too much this would be a good thing for northern Michigan
bee-keepers, as the cool nights are not conducive to comb-building.

3. Which hive do you like best for comb-building, the Heddon or
the Danzenbaker?

3. Have you ever tried the Boomhower, Doolittle, or the J. P
Moore strain of bees? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. There must be some misunderstanding. I think I
never put supers of sections under the hive except to get the bees to
empty the honey out of them, and that was not satisfactory, because
the sections were badly dirtied. I should not think of putting sec-
tions under the hive to get the bees to store in them ; most of all dur-
ing cool nights.

2. Probably comb-building would proceed about the same in each.

3. I had some of the Doolittle golden, the most beautiful bees I
ever saw.

Horse-Chestnut or Basswood ?

Will it pay me to plant horse-chestnut trees for the benefit of my
bees? or would you advise basswood ? Minnesota.

Answer. — Basswood, by all means. No other tree will give you so
much honey. A horse-chestnut stands at my door, and when in bloom
is visited by a good many bumble-bees, but by very few hive-bees.

Cettins Bees Out of a Cupola.

A swarm of bees have been in a cupola of a school-house near here
for four or five years. They are mostly black bees; they have an un-
limited amount of room, so that they never swarm, and there must be
a bushel of them. Some say there are 500 pounds of honey up
there. I have tried chloroform and sulphur on them, but can not kill
them. I have a small hole cut through the cupola, and can see all the
combs. What would you do under the circumstances to get the
honey? I dare not use Are or smoke up there. Is there not some
chemical stronger, more penetrating and suffocating? If so, what
would you recommend? Wisconsin.

Answer. — It would be a good deal easier to tell just what to do if
one were right on the ground. Sulphur fumes ought to kill them,
and chloroform should, at least, lay them temporarily, but it may be
that you did not get the fames directly on the bees for a sufticiently
long time. Blown directly on the bees from a smoker, they ought to
prove effectual. Bisulphide of carbon is stronger, but it would be just
as hard to confine it to the bees in a large place. From what you say I
understand that what you want is to kill the bees, and then there is no
trouble about getting at the combs of honey. That being the case,
put on a bee-veil and go right at the combs as if no bees were there;
only have a smoker to drive the bees out of the way ; cut off the
combs, and brush the bees off. There ought not to be danger of fire
from a smoker carefully handled.

Getting Ricli in the Bee-Business.

Did you ever know any one to get rich in the bee-business? That
is, if he made it his entire business, with nothing else to occupy his
time? California.

Answer. — Adam Grimm made enough from bees alone to start a
bank, and there are a few men living to-day who are making a good
deal from their bees. But, as a rule, if a man is living for money
alone, he will do well to go into some other than the bee-business.

Preparing Bees for Shipping— Moving to a New Location.

1. If I ship I will probably ship ilO hives; the hives are 9-frame
telescope, and we thought of putting an empty super on top, then a
piece of thick, coarse cotton-cloth, the same as we use at home, then
the cap, and nailing the cap on, and just as we are ready to load in
the oars to put a piece of wire-screen cloth over the entrance. Will
that be all right? Is that enough ventilation >

2. Will it be necessary to extract any honey? If so, how much?

3. How would you pack them? Would it be best to wad up
coarse hay to pack between the hives, to act as a buffer to keep off
the motion? But we expect to pack as solid as we can, anyway.

4. We thought of going somewhere in eastern Washington, per-

haps near Sunnyside, where the winters will not be severe, and it
would be a good place to keep bees exclusively, tor my four years in
the army have told on me, and I can not stand cold winters. What
part of the country do you think would be best? Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. I'm not sure about the ventilation. If your hive-
entrances are as large as mine, 12 by 2 inches, it would be all right.
With an entrance as shallow as some, '■>„ of an inch, it would not do
so well. Something depends upon how close the cap fits. If that fits
tight, so that no air can pass upward, then a small entrance will not
be sufficient for ventilation. You might cut a hole in the side of each
cap and cover it with wire-cloth.

3. If the combs are old and tough, or if they are well wired, there
will be no need of extracting; otherwise it might be well to extract
the lower half of combs heavily filled.

3. Hay packed in will be well, looking out that it does not inter-
fere too much with the ventilation.

4. I have no knowledge of that country as to bee-pasturage.

Arranging Hives for Certain Space.

My apiary is situated west of my dwelling about 60 feet; it is 30
feet wide by 100 feet north and south, with evergreen trees west of
the yard.

What would be the most convenient way to arrange the hives so
as to put 100 colonies in that space? or is there room enough? I
have them in rows north and south, facing the east, but had thought
of changing them and facing the south. How close could they be ar-
ranged and do well, and have room to work back of the hives?

Illinois.

Answer. — The best way I know of to give plenty of room between
the hives and yet get them on a small space of ground, is to have them
in groups of four, as given in " Forty Years Among the Bees," pages
95, 96. As I understand it, your ground is longest north and south ; so
let a row run north and south facing east, two hives close together
side by side, then a space, and then another pair, and so on. Then
another row, back to back, close up against this row, will face west.
That will make a double row on each side of the yard, with perhaps 15
feet between the two double rows, and with more space than is needed
between the hives to work at the side of each hive; for 1 hardly think
you will want to work at the etid of a hive.

Packing for Winter-Lnpainted Hives.

1. When using outer cases and packing with some material for
wintering, has sawdust been tried as packing?

2. If so, is it a success?

3. If not a good material, what are some of the objections?

4. Does a bee live long after it has stung and left the sting?

5. In answer to one of my former questions, you said you prefer-
red unpainted hives, because you thought the bees better off in them,
but you did not like the looks of them. Now, in what way do you
think the bees better off in the unpainted hives?

6. If in unpainted hives they would produce more honey, ought
not looks to be of secondary importance ? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. Y'es.
3. Not in all cases.

3. Some complain of dampness.

4. I don't know just how long, but a considerable time. The in-
jury does not seem alike in all cases. If my memory serves me, some
one made the experiment of confining bees that had lost their slings
with others uninjured, and there seemed no very great difference in the
length of time the bees lived.

5. I don't know positively about the matter, but I think the hives
have a better chance to dry out without the paint, and in a very
limited experience I found that bees did not winter in a cellar so well
in painted hives. Of course, it is possible that the paint was not at
fault. Another objection is the cost, which might not be an objection
if one were sure that one would not want to change hives within 25
years. But I found I made a mistake when I did not paint wooden

0. That depends. An amateur with a few hives on a well-kept
lawn should keep hives neatly painted. A large apiary kept for the
money that's in it, is another matter.

Sour Honey— Keeping Honey-Swarming— Out-Door
Wintering.

1. Herewith I send a sample of extracted honey which has lost its
flavor; I have 150 pounds like it. It has been kept in a tank with a
board over it. Do you think it soured because of insufficient ventila-
tion?

3. 1 had a little comb honey in cases which had the same taste. Is
it regular sour honey, or do the bees work in something to give it this
taste ?

3. How is the best way to keep comb and extracted honey? Can
it be kept in a shop without fire ordinarily in this climate? This year
has been cold and wet.

4. There is a locality, a few miles from here, where there are acres
and acres of goldenrod, lots of heartsease, toueh-me-not, and consid-
erable buckwheat is raised; clover and basswood are nothing extra.
Is there any practical way of keeping the bees from building up to
swarm in June or July, and getting them up to their best about Aug.

Oct. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

635

25? If left to themselves I think they would be strongest just between
clover and fall How.

5. How do you think bees would winter out-of-doors with oil-
cloth over the frames, sealed down at the sides, with a super of chaff
on top; I use these all summer under the covers; they are very con-
venient. Would they do as well as a thin board sealed down, if cov-
ered with a chaff-packed super? Ohio.

Answers.— 1. I should hardly say the honey had lost its flavor, for
it has a pretty strong flavor, although not the very best. Judging
from the sample, it was probably extracted when hardly ripe enough,
the ventilation having perhaps nothing to do with it. Very likely
you can improve it if you suliject it to a pretty high temperature, not
covering it closely. Try setting it on the reservoir of a cook-stove.
But don't put it where it will be heated to more than 150 degrees. A
mild heatapplied for a number of days is the thing wanted.

2. What you probably object to is principally the llavor of the
honey itself, perhaps accentuated by the lack of ripeness. There is
very little souring in the case.

3. A hot, dry place — at least have the place dry, a place where salt
will keep dry. It ought generally to be all right iu Ohio, in a shop
without lire.

4. It ought not to be a dilBcult matter to keep colonies weak till
August. AH that is needed is to start a sufficient number of nuclei,
and then draw frames of brood to strengthen the nuclei and weaken
the full colonies. But you had Ijetter try it on a small scale, for it is
somewhat doubtful if you will like the results.

n. With a warm covering of chaff, you would likely find the oil-
cloth all right, just about the same as a thin board.

Weight of Colony for Wintering.

How much should bees, hive and frames — an ordinary S-frame
dovetailed — weigh in order to be strong enough in bees and honey to
winter on the summer stand ? Nebraska.

Answer.— For wintering in the cellar, I aim to have each hive
with its contents, its cover, and its bottom-board, weigh as much as
50 pounds. For out-doors there should be 5 or 10 pounds more. If
the combs are new, and if they do not contain much pollen, a smaller
weight would do, but it is best to be on the safe side. A little too much
honey in a hive for winter is just enough.

Queer Experiences wltti Swarming.

1. On .June 14, colonj' No. Ill cast a prime swarm (it was hived in
a new hive). June 21 — the eighth day — just at evening I cut all queen-
cells from the old colony, cut the caps from the most advanced cells,
and let the ([ueen run out into the hive. July 9 — the 3(ith day after
the first swarm — they swarmed again; the swarm was just an ordi-
nary-sized second swarm, and wishing to examine the comb to ascertain
if possible the cause of the unusual occurrence, I run the swarm into a
box and overhauled the hive. I found a little capped brood in three
combs, quite a little on one side of one of the frames, and a few scat-
tering cells of brood in two other combs and seven queen-cells, one of
which had the whole side torn out of it Ijy the bees. The cap showed
no evidence of having been opened. One, from which a queen had
lately emerged, two with dead inmates all turned black, and three with
good, lively queens in just ready to come out, and five or six patches of
drone-brood capped, but quite young yet. When I cut the queen-cells
I had shaved the heads off all the drones, no eggs or uncapped brood
in the combs. Can you explain the cause of the unusual occurrence?

2. What is the best method for handling swarms from the colonies
three or four weeks old? I know you do not think such colonies
swarm again the same season, for a correspondent asked you the latter
part of the winter how to prevent new colonies from swarming again
in about four weeks, and you said, Oh, but they don't. But, Doctor,

they do with me, and with otiiers around here, if there is any honey
coming in, and I have tried every way I know to prevent it.

To illustrate: I got my first swarm June Vi, and .Iiine 14 I had 10,
and hived tliem in six hives June 15. Six swarms hived in four hives
July 1; one of those colonies swarmed just ISdays after being hived;
left the hive full of brood and honey, one super full, and the other
well under way. The next day, July 2, two more of them swarmed,
ami up to last night (July's) nine of those new colonies had oast
swarms. Of course, it is awful, right in the height of the honey-fiow,
to have them break up that way, and something has to be done to
keep them together. I am using now two methods — one is to kill the
old c|ueen, return the swarm, and then cut out the queen-cells the
eighth day : the other way, I take four frames of brood from the hive
and replace with four fr;imes filled with foundation. There are ob-
jections to both methods— one is not always sure, the other you lose a
valuable queen (for I think it takes a pretty good queen to fill an 8-
frame hive with brood and eggs in 18 days) ; and it is not sure, either,
if you happen to miss a cell.

Can you suggest any better plan? Minnesota.

Answers.— 1. When a queen is unsatisfactory, one of the first
things is to rear a successor. A good many years ago I had a queen
reared by a very weak nucleus. She laid just one egg, and that was in
a queen-cell, and then she disappeared. Your colony swarmed 18 days
after you let the queen out of the cell. That would hardly allow time
for queens to mature from her eggs, and the only guess I can make
is that eggs had been left from the old queen undeveloped until after
the time of your overhauling. Dzierzon says that bees sometimes
keep eggs in that way.

2. If I understand you rightly, a swarm was sent out by a colony
which 18 days previously had been hived as a swarm. This, although
not a very common occurrence, has been know from time immemorial,
such a swarm being called a virgin swarm. That was not the thing I
disputed, but I claimed that a colony would not swarm if it had a
queen reared iu the hive during the current year; and even in that it
seems I was mistaken. The best suggestion 1 can make is to gel into
the hive a young queen after the harvest opens.

Swarms— Introducing ttueens.

1. How can that man in Arkansas get a swarm of bees
in 14 days from a new colony when it takes 21 days to
mature a bee ?

2. I saw iu tlie Bee Journal the way Dr. Miller intro-
duced queens, by drowning- them. I don't approve of that.
My way is to place the queen in a cage, fill the hole in the
cag-e with sug-ar, then put the cage between the top frames,
and by the time the bees get her out they will be acquainted
with the new queen.

I have had some experience with bees. Last spring I
did not have any bees at all, but I placed some empty hives
out and 2 swarms came to me ; then I cut down 3 bee-trees
and now I have 5 colonies in good condition. Iowa.

Answer. — 1- It is hard to understand how a swarm
could be thrown oflf by a swarm hived only 14 days before,
unless a frame of brood were given to the swarm, which is
not an uncommon thing. It takes 21 days for a worker to
mature from the time the egg is laid, but only 1.5 or 16 for a
queen, and if a frame of brood were present and a
queen were started from a grub, a young queen might
emerge in 12 days or less.

2. Your way is the usual one, and is good. I don't
Icnow whether the drowning plan will always succeed, but
if it does there is a saving of time over your plan.

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Prices on older roots, wild or cult,
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Bee-Keeplng in Kentucky.

This has been a very favorable year for the
busy bee. White clover has been in bloom
longer this year, in this section at least, than
was ever known before — nearly four months;
whereas the usual length of time to bloom is
less than two months. The reason for the
splendid honey-fiow the present season is due
to the fine rains which have continued every
few days. There is an abundance of golden-
rod, from which the b^ps are gathering con-
siderable honey ; this honey has a fine flavor.

Kentucky is far behind some of the other
States in the matter of honey-production.
There is no organization here, each " goes it "
alone, and such a "go" !

The Emerson Binder

This Emeraon stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Joarnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It la
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-

'"'■ aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 ak 146 Erie Street. CHICAfiO ILL.

BUSHEL CRATES '^

OurvenUlattdbu^li-Uiattb
are better aud tbeaiier tbuu I
baskets — 8 cents each— niade I
ot beet material. Shipped |
ready to put together,

l^ease meation Bee JounxaL when ^vntlng.

636

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

As a rule, the bees are left to their own
sweet will; what honey they collect is taken
away from them and carried to the nearest
grocery and sold for what it will bring, not
having been cleaned from propolis or other
matter that makes its appearance inviting.

A section of fancy comb honey, when placed
with one of the clasS' first-named, presents a
strong contrast.

It is not necessary to say that this state of
affairs very seriously cripples the price of a
nice article of honey.

I have 22 colonies of bees, and they did well
this year.

There is much being said about the swarm-
ing problem ; each writer has ihis or that to
suggest as to the best means to solve this
problem. For this locality, I find that to pre-
vent swarming in any form is to be preferred.
One strong colony that does not swarm will
store 25 percent more honey than one of equal
strength and opportunity which has swarmed
or been " swarmed."

Bees will, in every case, attend to the wants
of the brood-nest before they go elsewhere.
To prepare this requires considerable time
and labor, drawing out comb foundation in
the one case, or building new comb from
starters, or filling old ones with honey. While
the brushed, shaken, or " shook " swarm is
thus employed, the other being provided with
a brood-nest " laden with stores and teeming
with bees of all ages," is crowding the sec-
tions and storing their collections there.

To prevent swarming is, for me, easy of ac-
complishment. My colonies are made strong
by stimulative feeding early in the spring.
When they 'are about to swarm, an empty
hive is prepared ; if they swarm out, which
they very often do, the queen is caught in a.
Miller cage, and a hasty examination is made
of the brood-nest, there being, comparatively,
no bees in the way. If a good cell is found,
the comb is put in the prepared hive with an-
other. Their places in the old hive are re-
placed by empty combs or full sheets of foun-
dation. By this time the swarm returns to
the old hive, the queen is released at the
entrance, and all is well. Not one in ten will
swarm after this operation. We not only
prevent swarming, but we secure a rational
increase in the apiary at the same time.

I do not desire to " forage " op your very
valuable space, Mr. Editor, but beg to say a
word about " bee-papers."

No man can keep bees successfully unless
he reach. He must consult the bee-paper if

MouniUiiojGoiieoe

open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 2S
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. E.tpenses lower than other col-
ual grade. Any young person
t and energy can have an educa*
spondeuce. Send

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

Thousands of Hives- Millions of Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME 0ISI1,Y, but on their quality.

In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have just

made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Please mention Bee .lOUnLai wtien writing

Bees and Apiary Stock
at a Bargain !

We have for sale in Lee Co., 111., (100 miles west of Chicago, on the Chi
cage & Northwestern and Illinois Central Railroads), the following list, some of
which is new, and the balance as good as new :

10 lO-frame Simplicity Nailed Hive-Bodies 20c each.

47 8-frame Hive-Bodies 30c each.

59 Wood-bound 10-frame Zinc Honey-Boards 15c each.

1200 New, Clean, Wired Extracting Combs (L. size) 15c each.

560 New L. Brood-Frames with full sheets wired foundation 10c each.

400 Good L. Brood-Combs 12c each.

1 2 Frame Cowan Reversible Honey-Extractor ?8.00

1 Two-part Wooden Uncapping-Box 4.00

1 " New Model " Solar Wax-Extractor (glass 26x60 in.) 8.00

1 Wooden Honey-Tank with galvanized-iron bottom (holds 1800 lbs.) . 10.00

1 Bingham Honey-Knife .50

1 6-inch Comb Foundation Mill 15.00

1 10-inch Comb Foundation Mill 25.00

130 New Wired Staple-Spaced Brood -Frames— per 100 2.00

Also 60 Full colonies Italian Bees in 10-fr. Langstroth hives, at these prices : 5 colonies at
$4.50 each ; 10 or more at $4.00 each. No disease.

All the above can be shipped promptly. First come, first served. What
do YOU want out of the lot ? or do you want it all ? Of course the combs and
frames of foundation could be filled into the empty hive-bodies and shipped
safely in that way, if so desired. (No order filled for less than $5.00 from the
above list). Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

TWENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS'

worth of Page Fence In Bronx Park, N. Y. Why?
PA(iE WOVKN niKEKENl'K CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal ■when Tvritin^

Adel Queens.

One Queen, $1.00; more than one at the rate of
$9.00 per doz. All Breeding Queens.
38A3t H. ALLEY. Wenham, Mass.

Sections, Stiippina-Gases,
Honey-Gans,

And everythmg- necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS

Catalog- free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTtU

to meel ihoaewbo work for qb. Cow keepers al » ays
have mooey. We st&rt yoa Id bualneBS. You maks
Urge profitA. Easy work. We furnish capitaL Send
lOcenU for fall Hue of sampleBand particulars.

DRAPEK PUBLISHlNa CO.. Chicago. Ills.

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

*r*r*fTrTir*r>fT?'ffl

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.

Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.

C. H, W. WEBER fnTnTu'°/H""^-^-^"^°

2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Please Mention the Bee JoornaJ lJ^?r^Jf.?...

Oct. 1, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

637

he would know the bee and its habits. 1 at-
tribute the slovenly manner in which bees are
managed here to the laelc of this knowledge.
The American Bee Journal will call at my
home as long as I can raise the price of its
subscription. Its able editorials and articles
contributed to it by some of the most able
bee-experts of the age, and its general infor-
mation pertaining to the bee-industry, make
it one of the most useful, and at the same
time interesting, publications of the day. If
every man in Kentucky were to read the Jour-
nal, I believe her honey-production would, in
a short, time be equal to that of many others
of her sister States, for several of the honey-
plants, especially white clover, nourish here as
they do elsewhere. E. I. Smith.

Warren Co., Ky., Sept. 4.

An Aeknowledgementand Mul-
berries.

I gratefully acknowledge Mr. Hasty's sug-
gestion, on page 602. His counsel is always
on the side of reason, and I am ready to admit
that I may have been a little premature in my
conclusion. I fear that I am not cut out for
a good missionary, but even now I would so
amend my previous decision as to send a small
plant of the white mulberry, as long as they
last, to any one really interested in the sub-
ject.

The cuttings were, however, sent on full
letter postage, and must have reached each ap-
plicant. Under the circumstances, our Uncle
Sam generally does the " square thing."

Dr. Pkiko.

Bees Did Weil.

My bees did well this year. I got 1460
pounds of extracted honey from IS colonies.
W. H. Moore.
Smith Co., Tex., Sept. 19.

Had a Good Season.

We are having a good season. I have one
colony that has stored 224 pounds of honey
up to this date, and while clover is still in
blossom, and the bees are working on it. This
colony is in a IG-frame hive. N. H. Vogt.

Nemaha Co., Kans., Sept. 21.

Only a September Swarm.

Well, I was a sight to behold; My nearest
friends were in a quandary whether I was
Irish or Indian — and all due to that big swarm.
No, it was so late we didn't expect them to
swarm, did we? But they did, and the next
morning, promptly at 9 a.m. There they
were on that big Cottonwood limb in my
neighbor's yard— I was told of it after I left
home, but couldn't leave the office to go catch
a September swarm if it had been as big as a
bushel basket— just what it looked.

But they waited for me, O yes, indeed ; I
energetically interviewed them a little while
after 5 p.m. I first put an empty hive under
that big limb for them to fall into, as it were ;
then I had that limb sawed ofl — and they did
all the rest.

Now, I don't want to prevaricate, but if
there wasn't a million bees all over me it cer-
tainly felt like it. After considerable investi-
gation on their part, they found a hole in my
veil just a little bit sooner than I did myself,
and they weren't slow to get inside where I
lived. Well, I'm not strong on English ex-

Do It Quick! \

\

$2.50 tor

$1.2-°

Sample Free

The Modern Farmer
and Busy Bee, fSOc;

ALL FOR SI.OO

Moilern Farmer

Piease menuon aee joiiraai wnen writing

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIRERT

Read what J. I. pARENX^f
' Charlton, N. Y., savs: " We
with one of your Com-
' biued Machines, last winter,
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a qreat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say it will." Catalog- and price-list free.
Address, W. K. & John Barnes,

9<1S Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal -wlien 'writing*

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also tells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, SO cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,

218 North Main Stree<, - Los Angeles, Cal.
Please mention Bee Journal wlien WTitin&

$rvTOSTARTYOU IN BUSINESS
L^^ We will present you with the flrpt to you
»^^take iu to start you in a g'ood paying busi-
^|rietis. Send 10 cents for full line of s^imples
W- ■an.l dlreetiouB how to bejrin.
^^ DRAPFir I'DRMSHiNn CO.. Chicago. Ilia.
Please mention Bee Journal -when writing:.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

A loilftlfll ^^^* 's over a quarter of a
rr UVUl ilCll century old and IS still g-row-
ing- must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal,

Flease mentjnn Bee journal -when -writina

B0UI6S,

Jars,

of every
descrip-
tion ....

Honey
Dealers ...

G.G.STUTTS GLASS CO.,

Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y.

3oE4t Write for illustrations.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing. advertisers.

pressiotis, or I might enlarge on my feelings
at that moment, and a good many moments
after that, but suffice it to say I felt something
as I imagine a toad with erysipelas must feel —
hot and swollen. In looks I must have seemed
a " peach " — a nice, fat Crawford, face round,
full, not a wrinkle. The good wife, who after-
ward took a lot of stingers out of my neck,
ears and protruding brow, intimated that 1
looked like a human pin-cushion. But I was
too abstracted to resent the allusion ; what I
most desired just then was to get those hot
stickers out of my hide. And all this for a
September swarm.

But the real joke is, I never got that swarm.
No, sir; they "riz," and went back to that
same tree and hugged its trunk just above
where the limb was, and there they remained
just five thiijs to the very hour — to see if I'd
come back after them. Not much ! At 3 a.m.
on Labor Day, they took their flight, with the
best wishes that occurred .to me, and went
West for tall timber.

Did you ever hear of 'a swarm locating in
the manner mentioned? Cool weather, too,
and nothing to eat. Those fool things have
likely gone into some hole, and, owing to the
late, inclement season' won't get stores, and

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raDhiG

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
lire made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
lealc or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
form M'idlh at all times
they are unequaled lor
rulings purposes.

Pens are furnished iu neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
tiller and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen' on
THE Market.

10,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the "Foster." You should have
line also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new scbscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with S'2.00; or send
fl.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

S"' GEORQE W. YORK & CO-
■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Cliicago, III

638

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

will die. But they'll die victorious, eh?
Hang 'em !

But I say to their credit they did hand-
somely in putting in a big lot of honey in the
brood-chamber, and a hundred pounds in the
super, (mine is a double hive, you know). If
they'd only had sense enough to stay and en-
joy the fruit of their industry, I, too, would
have been more contente^J.

Your punctuated uncle,

Cook Co., 111. Frank.

PaFtFidge Pea.

I send a slip of a plant which grows here
along hillsides and streams where there is
plenty of yellow clay. I notice the bees work
on it very hard in (he fall. What is it?

Flotd M. Heffner.

Webster Co., Iowa, Sept. 2.

[The enclosed plant is partridge pea, and
belongs to the pulse family. Prof. Cook's
Manual says it furnishes abundant nectar.
The whole pulse family is a rather sweet one.
— C. L. Walton.]

Not a Pound of Honey.

The honey crop is a failure here. It has
been a poor crop the past four years, but
there is not a pound of honey to take off this
fall. It has been too wet and cold since the
first of August for the bees to work and store
surplus honey. W. E. Mead.

Newaygo Co., Mich., Sept. 1.5.

Long Tonoues VaiuaDie

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in reg"ard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted lo test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or tryiag to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they ^et
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, J4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

¥lease mention Bee Journal wnen ■writing

SWEET CLOVER

And Several Other Clover Seeds.

The Hamilton Co., 0., Association.

The Hamilton County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation held their annual meeting .in the
Grand Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, on Monday
evening, Sept. 14. A large number of promi-
nent bee-lieepers in the county were present,
also from adjoining counties in Indiana and
Kentucky. The reports of the Secretary and
Treasurer for the past year bespoke a flourish-
ing condition of affairs.

Having settled the question of foul brood
treatment by adopting the McEvoy method,
this society has issued a pamphlet (free to

25m

4.25

SOB

ts.oo

7.JU
8.00

We have made arrangements so that we on
furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight
or express, at the following prices, cash with
the order:

sm lom

Sweet Clover (white)....* .05 $1.20

Sweet Clover (yellow) W 1.70

AlsikeClover 1.00 1.80

White Clover 1.50 2.S0 6.50 12.50

Alfalfa Clover 1.00 1.80 4.25 8 00

Prices subject to market changes.
Single pound 5 cents more than the 5-pouud
rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack.

Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage. If
wanted by freight, or 10 cents per pound If
wanted by mail.

GEORGE W. YORK A CO.

144 Si 146 Erie Street, ■ CHICAGO. ILl-

RUBE S SURPRISE. V

Well, I'll Be Bumped! Y

I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer. Here I i

could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved T

all this freight I've been throwing away and got my goods »

cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order k

sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at r

their factory prices, gest as they said. ^

A Word to the Wise Is Sufficient. y

GRIGGS BROS., ■ TOLEDO, OHIO. ^

28 cents Cash
for Beeswax.

This is a good time

to send iu your Bees-

• J _fl 1~* _ _ »♦* /^ wax. We are payine

paid for Beeswax. * jii-- c.-i

low. upon its receipt, or 30 cents in trade. Impure wax not taken at any price.
Address as follows, very plainly,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chlcaeo, 111.

Pkase mention the Bee Journal aJveViserf

members) eontainiag full instructions as to
symptoms and cure.

It was resolved that the society bend its
energies during the ensuing year towards the
enactment of laws in favor of the bee-keeping
industry in the State of Ohio.

The election of otlicers for the ensuing year
was then proceeded with, and the following
resulted:

President, Henry Shafer; vice-president,
•J. C. Frohliger; treasurer, C. H. W. Weber;
executive committee, Fred W. Muth, A. E.
Painter, E. P. Rogers, E. H. Chidlaw, R. S.
Curry, Charles Kuck, Wm. M. Lennan, W. R.
Gould, G. Greene, E. H. Vaupel, Mrs. J. C.
Frohliger, and Miss Carrie Boehm. Wm. J.
Gilliland, of SUverton, was re-elected secre-
tary.

A motion to amend the by-laws to increase
the executive committee from six to twelve
was carried unanimously.

Bee-keeping being a source of pleasure to
the gentler sex, it was resolved, on the urgent
appeal of the Eecretary, to give them repre-
sentation on the executive committee. Two
were elected, whose names appear above.

E. A. Painter, a prominent attorney and
bee-keeper, gave an interesting address on
organization, after which a hearty vote of
thanks was tendered the proprietor and man-
ager of the Grand Hotel, for the accommoda-
tion afforded the bee-keepers' association,
free of charge, during the past year.

W. J. Gilliland, Sec.

Hamilton Co., Ohio.

co^VE^TlON notices.

Wisconsin. — The annual meeting of the
North-Kastern Wisconsin hSee-keepers' Asso-
ciaiioQ will be held in the Opera Hall, at Mish-
icot, Manitowoc Co., Wis., on Wednesday, Oct.
7, 1903. Mr. N. E. France, the tleneral Manager
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, will
be present and address the meeting. It is ex-
pected that this will ba the largest and best
convention ever held by the bee keepers of
northern Wisconsin. Everyone interested in
the production of honey should be present. An
interesting program on many material sujects
lo each and every person interested in bees has
been prepared, and such subjects will be dis-
cussed by the prominent and experienced bee-
keepers, which will be followed by a free dis-
cussion by all in attendance who wish to par-
ticipate. No one can lielp but profit by attend-
ing; this convention. Committee.

Illinois. — The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
io the Court Mouse, in Rocktord, 111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 and 21, I'tdS. A good
program is being prepared, and all interested
in bees are invited to attend.

Cherry Valley, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec.

BOYS

Utah.— The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet in the City and County Building in
Salt Lake City, Oct. 5, commencing at 4:30
o'clock p.m. Amontr the subjects discussed
will be tbe winter pioblein and the best method
to promote the interest of the State aud National
Associations. E. S. Lovesy, Pres.

WE WANT WORKERS

I Boye, Girls, oldandyounKaUkw,

I make money working for us.

W'« fambh cspltal tost&rt yoo in baai-

DOM. Seod Dfl 10c ■tamps or aOwer for fall tnatnictloDi and a line of

■MpplMtoworkwith. DRAPER PUBLISHING CO..Chlcjgo.lIl.

**What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABEI-LE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuuate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Vrice, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

639

:^\i/\ii\l/\l>\l/\i/Vi/it/ViAi>V)i\i/VlAi/\t/\l>Vi/\t/Vi/\^^

I Exira6l6fl Honey For §al6 1

^ ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS. j!

^ AlC^ff^ iiHl ^ - *^

=BEST=

Alfalfa^
Honey J^

This is the famous
White Extracted
Honey gathered in
the great Alfalfa
reg-ions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a
splendid honey, and
nearly everybody
who cares to eat
honey at all can't
^et enoug'h of the
Alfalfa extracted.

Basswood
HoneyJ^

This is the well-
known light-colored
hooey gathered from
the rich, nectar-
laden bass wood blos-
soms. It has a
stronger flavor than
Alfalfa, and is pre-
ferred by those who
like a distinct flavor
in their honey.

j$ Write for Quantity Prices by Freiglit, if Interested. ^:

5 A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. ^
C ^

^ Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. ^

^ We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^

^ enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^

g. above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get ^

^ this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. ^

!^ GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, ill. %.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION

than

This foundation is made by a process that produces the superior of any. It is the cle
and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, becai
has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound
any other make.

Working: wax into Foundation for Ca»$li a Specialty. Bees^^ax
always wanted at liig^liest price.

Catalog giving FULL, LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E- Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole A-genta for Canada.

GIS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

B

IINGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Parwell, Mich

Italian Queens,

Bees and Nuelei.

We have a strain of
bees bred specially for
honey - gathering and
longevity, at the follow-
ing prices :

One Untested Queen $ .60

One Tested Queen 80

One Select Tested Queen. 1.00

One Breeder Queen 1.50

Oise - Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) l.OC

These prices are for the re-
mainder of the season.
Queen J sent by return mail.
Safe arrival g'uaranteed. For price on Doz. lots
send for Catalog. J. L. STRONG.

16Atf 204 E. Log-an St., CI^ARINDA, IOWA

REMARKABLE

The Universal Satisfaction our

QUEENS ^ g'v^-

^^^^~~"~^~~ Steri-Ing, Ga., June 2<), 1903.

I was showing my father yesterday how my bees, which I bought from you, were outwork-
inff everything in my apiary. Scud me 4 Buckeye Red Clover and 3 Muth Strain Golden Italians.
I will order more after next extracting. THOS. H. KINCADE.

Buckeye Strain Red Clover Queens. They roll in honey,while the ordinary starve.
Muth Strain Golden Italians— Nonb Superior. .-. Carniolans— Nonb Better.

Untested, 73c each; 6 for $ 4.00 I Tested, $1.50 each: 6 for $ 7.25

Select Untested, $1.00 each; 6 for 5.00 I Select Tested, $3.50 each; 6 for 12.00

Best money can buy, $3.50 each.

Send for Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES; complete line at manufacturer's prices.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Front and Walnut,

CIIMCIMNATI, OHIO.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MAKKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Sept. 18.— Sales are not frequent
enough to keep receipts cleaned up. They are
made on a basis of 13'g)14c for comb of the best
grades. Exlrncted, white, 6>^(n 7c for clover
and basswood. and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber, S'^<(K^^^c\ according to flavor and pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24 section case, $3.35;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3 00;
No. 3, white amber comb, 34-section case, $2.73;
Extracted, white, per lb., 6}ic; amber, smasc.
Beeswax, 2S(a30c. C. C. Clemons is. Co.

Albany, N.Y., Sept. 19.— Honey market firm
on light receipts so far and good demand. We
quote: Fancy white. 15c; No. 1, white, 15c; No.
2, 14c; buckwheat, 13(9 I4c. Extracted, good de-
mand just now for Jewish holidays, for candied
honey, at oroH.J^c for dark; white clover,7(gi7)^c;
mixed amber, 6HS@7c. Beeswax, 30c.

H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Aug. 6-The supply about equals
the demand for extracted honey. We are sell-
ing amber extracted in barrels from S}^@6!^c,
according to quality. White clover, barrels
and cans, 7pjX!<c, respectively. Comb honey,
fancy, in no drip shipping cases. 16@16M cents.
Beeswax, 30c. The Fred W. Moth Co.

New York, Sept. 8.— New crop comb honey
is beginning to arrive more freelv, and the de-
maud is good for all grades. We quote fancy
white at from 14@15c, No. 1 at 13c, amber at
from IKa 12c; no buckwheat on the market as
yet.

Extracted is plentiful, and in fair demand at
7c for the white, 6@6}^c for the light amber,
SSuSJ^C for dark. Southern in barrels at from
55(sb5c per gallon, according to quality. Bees-
wax is declining, and nominal at from 28'a39c.
Hildrhth & Segelken.

Cincinnati. Sept. 18.— The extracted honey
market has weakened a little as white clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales I made
ruled as follows: Amber, in barrels, S@S5ic;
water-white alfalfa, 6@65^c; fancy wbiteclover,
(i%ta!~'Ac. Comb honty, fancy water-white,
14(3 15Hc. No sales for lower grades. Bees-
wax, 38c. C. H. W. Weber.

San Fkancisco, Sept. 2.— White comb honey,
13@14c; amber, 9(911c. Extracted, white, 5M@6c;
light amber, 5 DS^^c; amber, Wi®Sc: dark am-
ber, 4(g)45ic. Beeswax, good to choice, light.
27>«@3'3c:dark,2S@26c.

Most of the comb on market is of small lots,
and while being very steadily held, fails to
move as readily or to as good advantage as
would straight carload lots of uniform and
high grade. Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.

WANTED I'^'^c^^^B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. IHuth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED- Comb Honey in quantitv lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings. Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf JManzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowestorice delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED!

TO BUY— White Clover Comb and Extracted
HONEY -also Beeswax. Spot cash. Address
at once, C. M. SCOTT & CO.

33Atf 1004 E. Wash. St., Indianai'Olis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

640

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 1, 1903.

-^^^^^^-A.

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yoii
tvill not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. NY.

"W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g^oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

B^e Journal -wfieu wratxti^i

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
\ New subscriber to the Bee Journal
^for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee .Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Hives, Sections. Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Ben Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee j oumai wdbc witine

. , . _ ork for OS. We wlH Btart you in
kouslnesB and furnish tbe c&pital. Worn
lught and easy. Send 10 cents for fuU
"line of samples and particulars.
DKAPEK PUBLISQINQ CO., Chicago. III.
PlePSB meiiuou iseo joiiru,ii wnen writinfe

10 to 100 Colonies of
Yellow Italian Bees in
D >vetail hives. Bees
and hives in first-class
JOHN DIVEKFY.
346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.

tiai,ja^ie,je,yi,y!.je,y!,ja,.3e,:ie»ja»^^^

For Sale

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Catnip Seed Free!

We have some of the seed of that fa-
mous honey-producing plant — Catnip.
It should be scattered in all waste-
places for the bees. Price, postpaid,
IS cents per ounce ; or 2 ounces mailed
FREE to a regular subscriber for send-
ing us one NEW subscriber to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $1.00 ; or for
$1.20 we will send the Bee Journal one
year and 2 ounces of Catnip seed to
any one.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation f^.

W«^ O-immnff^P ^atisfjirf inn what more can anybody do? beauty,

we gUctrdntec ^<tLibi<tCLiuii. purity, firmness, no SAaaiNa.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBETINQ.

Whv HrtRC If «t»ll «f» well? Because it has always given better satla-
Wny UUCb IL SCIl »U WCIl r faction than any other. Because in 35 yearj

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Keepers' SupDlies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bce — Re\/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON, *

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill L

please mention Bee Jotimai vrhon ■writing

RED CLOVER HONEY=QUEENS.

Spring Bluff, Wis .July ift, 1903.
The a, I. HtiOT CO.. Medina, Ohio.
Dear Sirs:— I thouuhl I would write
reKard to the Red

Just think. 72 r
honey as ever was maue. and only July
isih. It seems as though they will surely
All 48 more.

1 don't know whether their tongues
are any longer than any of the others,
or whether they gathered it Irum Red

lover, but surely such bees are worth

oney.

1 use the 8-f rame Jumbo frame.

C. E Kellogo, Spring Bluff, Wif».

Dear Sir —We have yours of -July Ifith
and would be gla i to have you advise us
by return mail with reference to the
capping of the honey. Some ■ arties say
the capping from these bets is not
white, and we would be glad to haveyou
advise us how your honey is in this re-
spect, and oblige. Yours trulv.

The A.I. Root Co.

8PR1NO Bluff, Wis.. July 31. 1903.
The a. J. Root ro.. Med*na. Ohio.

DearSira:— Yours of July 24th at hand
to-day. In regard to ynur question in
reference to the eappinga of the honey
from these bees I will say that It is
simply perfect, beautiful snow-white
and every box perffct. 96 one-pound
sections now. I am quite sure they will
All two more supers, which will bring
the number up to 144. I would like very
much to have vou seea few of those aec-
tion&, and 1 will be glad to send you a

Now. I haven't told you ALL their
good qualities yet. I am sure they are
by far the most gentj^e bees to han^'"

I could 1

>nt smoke or v.__

There are a few traits about them that
seem to me are quite remarkable aside from their honey-gathering; they do-"* * * •" ^r^^^^

I will write you ayain in a tew weeks and let you know if they flU the
they will. Respectfully,

AGAIN READY FOR PROMPT DELIVERY.

We were snowed under with orders for a few weeks, but here we are agai
with good Queens and prompt service.

Red Clover and Honey Oueens.

Each.

Untested $1-00

Tested 2.00

Select Tested 3.00

Breeding ^ "i* ^li

Select Breeding 7.50

Extra Select Breeding 10.00

With any of the last three we include one frame of bees and brood to insure
safe arrival, for which we make no. charge. These must be sent by express.
Queen circular free.,,

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Hedina, Ohio.

Dee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 8, 1903.

No. 41.

-T^SOf^i.

642

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 8, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEVKLY BY

Gf ORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

I44&I46E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,
C3-E30K.OE -W. "yOK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr-CCMiller, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-Son

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sanaple copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests ot its members.
2d. — To protect and defend its members in
. their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforcf-' laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. Sl.OO.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. HrTCHiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Board of Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTi LE, Corodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

E^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, nt the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

SENT BY RETURN NAIL.

The book contains 328 pag^es, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES. "

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

The Novelty Pocket= Knife.

Your Name and Address oa one side — Three Bees on the other side.

Vour Name on the Knife.— When

Address you wish put oa the Kn'ite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
Ihe subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

'I'he Material entering' into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the ** Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise'to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tunate as to have one of the ■* Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and itt
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cu', gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ot
thls^beautiful kmfe, as tly* " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Qet this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to th<
one sending usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$-^'*).) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Be© Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO.

4^Please allor" ■'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filleo.

Chicago, 111

Please Meutioo the Bee Journal lS^?rSa??f.,

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 8, 1903,

No. 41.

Editorial Comments

]

Scourene removes propolis from the hands almost instantly,
says Ralph D. Cleveland. We suppose all grocers have scourene for
sale.

Honey Crop Kuined by Insects. — A Utah correspondent
reports in the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal that " those little insects
are in the alfalfa by the million?, and are in some of the bee-hives eat-
ing up the honey," resulting in only a fourth of a crop.

Honey and Wax in France.— Government reports show
that in the ten years ending with 1901 the value of wax produced was
nearly half as much as that of honey, or 41 percent. That looks like
a large proportion of wax ; but then the yield of honey was less than
11 pounds per colony.

A Middle Bar in Place of Wiring, is advised by the editor
of the Australian Bee-Bulletin. He says;

We, ourselves, have not used wired foundation for several years,
both on account of its stretching when the frame is full of comb and
honey, and because the horizontal stick across the center of the frame
is much better, and less trouble to put in. We know a number of
good beekeepers who are adopting the stick-plan instead of wires.

Choice of Location.— On page 5T9, an editorial ends with say-
ing, " On the whole the probability is that not one bee-keeper in

ten will find himself better off anywhere in the world than, right where
he is now." This view is neatly confirmed by the first item in the
editorial columns of the September Bee-Keepers' Review, where Editor
Hutchinson says: "Michigan seems doubly desirable as a home,
since taking my Western trip."

Bees Embalming Mice.— The question has been raised
whether there is any truth in the statement that when some offending
body as large as a dead mouse is found in a hive the bees seal it her-
metically with propolis. Perhaps in the majority of cases, when a
mouse dies in a hive, it will be found dried to a mummy, with no
offensive smell, but with no coating of propolis. At least two cases,
however, are reported in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, in which the dead
mouse was entirely encased in bee-glue.

A Variation of the Stanley Cartridge, or queen-nursery,
is given in (ileanings in Bee-Culture, as used by the A. I. Root Co.
Instead of queen-excluding ;dnc being used, the perforations are
smaller, so that workers can not get through, instead of gun-wads,
cylindrical wooden plugs are used. Through the upper one of these
plugs a nail-point projects, the cartridge being fastened to the cell-
bar by means of this cell-point. Through the lower plug a hole is
bored and a smaller plug inserted. This smaller plug is hollowed to
contain candy.

Some use leather instead of trun-wads for plugs, and claim they
are better.

Co-operative Advertising.— In the discussions as to the
advantages of organization among bee-keepers, very little has been
said about the matter of calling the attention of the public to the great
desirability of making honey a leading article of diet. Yet the gain
possible in that direction is not one of the least to be expected from
proper united action. Morley Pettil, in the Farmers' Advocate, uses
these sensible words on the subject :

A matter which is at present sadly neglected is the advertising of
honey. The very heavens resound with the names of food fads and
medicines, while the most pleasant and nutritious of natural sweets is
comparatively unknown in our Canadian homes. The reason is not
far to seek. "Honey is honey," and, under existing conditions, if
Smith advertised he would be increasing the sale of Brown's honey
almost as much as his own. The only way out of it is for Smith,
Brown, et al, to form a honey exchange and advertise the honey of the
exchange. They would then agree upon a remunerative price, which
would not become exorbitant, by the way, on account of the direct
competition of fruit, syrups, and foreign honey. They would adver-
tise extensively until " honey " would become a household word,
learned along with " papa " and " mamma " by the lisping child.

"C. O. D. by Mail" is a somewhat novel thing mentioned by
H. H. Charles, in Class Advertising. More than a thousand transac-
tions of that kind were made by him with great satisfaction. A cus-
tomer would want some part of an incubator and order it, perhaps
without knowing the cost. If sent by express it would cost 2.5 cents,
if by mail perhaps 3 or 4 cents. It was sent by mail with instructions
to the postmaster to collect on delivery and remit, deducting his fee,
which was never more than 10 cents. This might not be a bad plan
with small orders in bee-supplies. But we wouldn't like to advise it
until it is approved by the post-oHice department of our government.

Comuiercial Organization is up for discussion nowadays,
and it is well that it should be carefully viewed from all sides. Not
only should the advantages be shown, but the difliculties and objec-
tions as well. Some of these latter are considered by Hon. R. L. Tay-
lor in the Bee-Keepers' Review. He shows the difficulty of making
local organizations with the hope of uniting these into State organiza-
tions, and later uniting the State organizations into a single National
organization. And yet, in the end, that is the very thing he advises,
his views being summed up in the caption, " Commercial Organiza-
tion Must Begin Locally." The only difference that appears between
what is so hard to be done and what ought to be done is that action
should only be taken in such localities as feel the need of it. He says:

" When several bee-keepers in the State of Michigan, or in an}'
section of it, think they can dispose of their crop to better advantage
by union, let them unite in such manner as seems best suited to iheir
circumstances. If they are successful, their successes and mistakes
will be a source of sound instruelioa to those of other communities
who shall desire to take like action. Thus, each organization will be
firmly cemented by a natural growth through experience, and, if need
appear, its roots and branches will reach out until they meet and in-
tertwine with those surrounding it, and all shall become one great
growth, furnishing shade to all of the whole land who seek its shelter."

But if each organization is to intertwine with those surrounding
it, will there not be necessity for some one to take the initiative to
direct the intertwining; And if all are to become one great growth,
who or what is to bring about the merging!

Probably the majority who urge unity of action advise the reverse
course, begining at the center and working outward, and they will be
likely to ask why it may not be better to form the main organization
at the start to foster the local growths, rather than to wait the years
\iecessary for natual growth to blend all into one.

644

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Miscellaneous Items

In Los Angeles and on Catalina.— During the first day of
the convention, Prof. Cook planned a trolley-car ride down to Long
Beach, on the Pacific's sandy shore, about 30 miles from Los Angeles.
It was found that if 100 could be pledged to go, the rate would be only
30 cents for the round-trip instead of 50 cents. The required number
was easily secured, and .so early Thursday morning all gathered at a
certain point, and boarded the cars for Long Beach.

Electric cars get up some speed here in Chicago, but at times
these Long Beach cars seemed almost to fly. Along the line was some
of the best farming country we had seen in the West. There was one
or two dense eucalyptus woods, alfalfa fields, one apiary, and other
objects of interests.

Long Beach was soon reached, and we had about an hour to stay.
Some of our crowd went in bathing in the Pacific, as well as in the
large natatorium, where the water in a tank about 40x80 feet is kept
at a certain temperature. The tank was about 4 feet deep at one end,
and gradually became deeper toward the opposite end, where it was
probably 7 feet deep.

Among those who "took their morning
bath" in the tank, were: Prof. Cook, Messrs.
Hyde, Hutchinson, Hershiser, Harris, Moe,
Ivy(and Mrs. Ivy and child), and a number of
others that now we can not recall. It was
great sport. One would think that when
such 300-pounders as Hershiser tumbled in
there woud be an overflow, and everythini:
would be flooded, but evidently ample pro-
vision had been made for such emergency, so
no one of the spectators at the edge of the
" bath-tub " were drowned !

Mr. France went out on the pier, ami
with a fisherman's line that he borrowed,
dropped a small empty bottle down to get a
sample of the salty Pacific. He said he had a
sample of Atlantic water, and now wanted
some of the Pacific to take home.

The time to return to Los Angeles and
the convention soon arrived, and all were
rushed back in a very short time. It was a
pleasant and refreshing trip.

At the close of the Wednesday afternoon session, Mr. L. K.
Mercer, who had bought a -^1200 automobile with some of his honey
crop, took Prof. Cook, Mr. Benton and us for a spin around Los
Angeles. It was our first experience with that kind of a " horse and
buggy." Mr. Mercer had had it about a month, and seemed to know
how to manage it perfectly. He took us out on some of the finest
streets, around parks, and where we could see the best parts of the
city— where beautiful palms, waving pepper-trees, and the 1all
eucalyptus adorned the sides of the streets. It was a delightful ride,
for which we were indebted to one of California's biggest bee-keepers.

The convention closed on Thursday afternoon. During the ses-
sions a trip to Catalina Island was planned. So about a dozen started
Friday morning at S o'clock for East San Pedro, about 20 miles away,
to take the boat to cross the 28 miles of the Pacific to the Island. It
was a bright morning, and promised to be a lovely day. But it is
needless to say that, from May to November, they said no other kind
of days happen there. We oten found ourselves saying in the morn-
ing, "Well, we're going to have a bright day to-day,'' when we
thought, " Why, you tenderfoot, they don't have any other kind out
here, day after day !" So it was bright, glaring sunshine all the time.
Rather hard an Eastern eyes.

We all finally got aboard the 'ooat for Catalina — the famous outing
place of Southern California. The boat hadn't gone far before some
of the passengers seemed to feel as if they had had too much break fa-t.
So they began to " unload," and thus help the fish out with " a bile
to eat." Dr. Miller concluded he'd better go into the cabin and sit
down, and meditate on what he " didn't know." Mr. Hyde couldn't
find a vacant seat or chair, or any place to hide, so he sprawled out on
the carpeted floor, and tried to ''enjoy '' himself. He was a perfect
picture of homesickness, lonesomeness, seasickness, and general gone-

ness and despair. He wasn't a bit sociable, and that is an unusual
condition for him.

We really enjoyed the ride all the way, our stomach keeping right
side up and in good shape all the time.

It took about two hours and a half to cross over to Avalon, the
only town on the Island of Catalina. It is situated on a beautiful,
small bay, on the east shore. There seemed to be but very little shore
to the Island, but mostly steep rocks. Avalon is built in a little cozy
depression almost under the high hills. At first one wonders how it
is possible to get out of the town except by water, but there are stage
roads through various parts of the Island. There is also a ranch some-
where on it. A certain portion is set aside as a hunting park, where
may be found wild mountain sheep and other animals. Sportsmen
may " sport " there tjy paying for the privilege. We regretted not
being able to stay longer and see more of Catalina.

Right here we wish to mention one of the most cordial and kindly
beekeepers we met in California. His name is Wm. Ross. He went
to California some 13 years ago, from Ontario, Canada, on account of
his health, which he has almost wholly regained in that '' Land of lln

I <^'limate,'' as we feel like calling it.

Well, Mr. Ross has a tent-cottage on Catalina Island, where he
and Mrs. Ross and their youngest daughter, Bessie, spend a few weeks
every summer.

I We (with Mrs. York i at once engaged a room at one of the hotels.

:. .11 l.IAN \ \ h 111- f.l, \-.s-Hi) T'lXIM HC>AT "HI\\A,"

and then went out on one of the larger glass-bottom boats. There is
a smaller row-boat (shown herewith) which also has a glass bottom.
In this latter we took a ride on Satur.'ay morning. It belongs to a
man named " Julian," who has been there for about 40 years, and
knows just the best route to row people so as to see through the glass
bottom the greatest variety of shells, fishes, seaweed, etc. It is truly
wonderful how much of interest can be seen through that window at
the bottom of the boat. Why, one can see down from 50 to 100 feet,
as the water is so clear. Never go to Avalon without taking a ride or
two on the glass-botlom boat.

After the trip in the larger glass-bottom boat, Friday afternoon,
on which trip Mr. Ross and Bessie also went, he invited us to come to
their tent-home for tea, which should consist of some bread, milk,
and California's best honey. It was a rare treat. "Mother" Ross
just took us wanderers right in, and made us feel right at home. And
such a meal ! Well, the bread and honey and milk disappeared won-
derfully fast, we can assure you. Such appetites as we did have at
Catalina! It seemed that everything tasted so good.

During the evening there was a fine band concert for the summer
resorters of ihe village, but we were tired, so sought our room and
tried to "sleep the sleep of the just.''

The next morning, we hired a row-boat, and with Mrs. York and
Mr. Ross iried to do a little fishing in Old Pacific. We thought to
catch a 30 or 40 pound yellowtail, or even a leaping tuna wouldn't
have been despised ! But we didn't get a bite I

About 11 a.m. we went to Ihe bath-house and rented a suitable
costume, then got into the Pacific with the rest of the bathers. Miss
Bessie had a white cotton flannel suit in which she made a pretty
picture. And she could swim in fine style, being i|uiie at home in the
water.

At 3:40 we were to lake the boat for F.tist San I'edro again, and

Oct. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

645

then the train to Los Angeles, and after that the electric car for Pasa-
dena, where we were to stop over .Sunday. We arrived at our desti-
nation about 0:30 p ra.. two very tired travelers. Oh, how glad we
were to get to rest.

On the return voyage on the I'acilic, .Mrs. York seemed to get
wolibly on the boat, as it was a rather choppy sea. After giving up
some of her dinner, she felt a little better. The ride on the water did
not alTect us unfavorably at all. Too tough and hardened, we suppose.

Before leaving lovely Avalun and Catalina, we wish to quote a
little from a descriptive circular of the Island, which tells it so much
better than we can. Here it is:

Santa Catalina Island.— "A land where Winter hath fair Sum-
mer wed," a bit of world by itself, picturesquely located in the Pacific
Ocean, 30 miles from Los Angeles.

Santa Catalina is truly a " Harden of the Gods in the land of the
free." The island contains 47,(100 acres of plains and valleys, and
abounds in beautiful and lofty mountains, stupendous rock cliffs and
precipices, and in climate, natural beauties and opportunities for out-
door pleasure comes as near perfection as one can tind.

The Marine Gardens.— The Ocean, along the entire coast of
Catalina Island, is a wonderful natural aquarium. The water is still,
tropically rich, and clear as a diamond; hence the famous glass-bot-
tom boat, down through which visitors peer at the wonders of the
deep, provide an entertainment found nowhere else in the world.
Here one sees a perfect forest of seaweed, in all the colors of the rain-
bow, in the branches of which lloat beautiful fishes of rare and radiant
tints, being the home of gold perch and schools of emerald fishes, while
the black, long-spined echinus, star-fishes, sea cucumbers, abalones
and octopi are seen clinging to the bottom of the ocean, and in the
intervening water scores of rich jelly fishes of every form and shape
captivate the eye. Nowhere so near a city of 100,000 inhabitants can
such a strange and fascinating panorama be witnessed as that to be
had from the window of the Santa Catalina glass-bottom boats.

Bathing. — The boating and fishing is superior to that of many
California resorts. The perfect climate and sanitation, the smooth
bays ami facilities for safe boating and bathing, render it the ideal
place for ladies and children. The little bays are crowded with fish-
ing boats, steam launches and yachts, all providing for the public
pleasure.

Fishing. — Fishing is a sport that can be better enjoyed here than
any place in the world. Here may be caught finny monsters that
weigh from one to 500 pounds, while yellowlail, barracuda, rock bass
and albicore afford the fisherman all the sport he can ask for. The
famous leaping tuna is caught nowhere else with rod and reel.

A novel sport confined to Catalina is flying fish shooting. The
big tunas rush in, driving the Hying fishes out of the water in flocks,
like quail, and at this time the sportsman on a launch can pick them
off with a shot-gun.

Climate— Catalina is a natural sanitarium, combining all that is
best in the Maderia Islands and the famous Riviera. Even in mid-
winter the days are mild, frost being unknown; the Island is then a
flower-garden. It has valuable sulphur springs, and the opportunities
for salt baths and enjoying the remarkable varieties of climate, make
it an ideal resort.

The days are never uncomfortably warm in summer, nor too cold
in winter, presenting conditions which challenge comparison. The
average temperature of .July days at Avalon is 65 degrees. In August
the highest mean temperature observed at 0 in the morning was 72
degrees.

We liked Avalon so much that we want to return some time when
we can remain there a week or two. It is an ideal place to rest. The
climate is simply perfect. There is just enough going on there to
keep one from getting too stagnant and out of touch with the world.
There is a daily paper published on the Island called " The Wireless.''
It is a great place to purchase curiosities and mementoes to carry
home.

It you ever go to Los Angeles, don't fail to cross over to Catalina
Island, and slay there a few days. You will never regret it. Audit
you can find Mr. and Mrs. Ros;-. and Bessie, you will have a much
better time there than you can possibly have otherwise.

Xext week we will tell how we and some of the other convention
members spent Sunday in California.

[ Convention Proceedings ]

Oct of the Bee-Supply Business. — Again we find ourselves en-
lirelyout of the bee-supply business; and also the honey-business.
The transfer was made to The A. I. Root Co., on Oct. 1, 1903. (See
their ad. J For several years we have felt that wehad entirely too
many responsibilities, with publishing the American Bee .Journal,
looking after a bee-supply business, and handling a large retail and
wholesale honey-trade. It was either drop some things or live a
shorter time. VVe preferred to do the former, and have acted accord-
ingly. It is, of course, with much regret that it seemed necessary for
us to make this decision.

We hope now to have more time to devote to the American Bee
Journal, with which we have been connected either as employee or
editor for almost 20 years. We have always been in love with it, and
trust that with the continued help of its host of loyal readers and con-
tributors we may in the future be able to make it a greater power for
the advancement of the industry which it represents than it ever has
been in all its past nearly 43 years. George W. York & Co. c :

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Angeles,

Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Contiaued from page 631.)
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION.

After calling- to order, J. F. Mclntyre, of California,
read a paper on

HOW TO MAKE MONEY PRODUCING EXTRACTED
HONEY.

To make money producing extracted honey it is neces-
sary—

First, to produce a large quantity of high-grade honey ;
and

Secondly, to sell it for a good price.

In starting out to accomplisfi these objects the first
thing to be considered is the location, or locations, as it will
be necessary to keep more than one apiary if you make very
much money. If you can find a good field where you can
keep a number of apiaries around your home apiary without
overstocking or crowding out other bee-keepers, you are
fortunate. I shall not attempt to tell you where to find this
" Eldorado," because every field has some drawbacks, and
you might not thank me when you find them out. I will,
however, name some of the things to be taken into consid-
eration in selecting a field.

The quantity and quality of the honey that can be pro-
duced, an open field, cost of transportation to market,
society, healthfulness of climate, annoying insects, exces-
sive heat in summer, or cold in winter.

Having found your " Eldorado," it is important to start
with a hive that you will not regret. I have found nothing
better than the 10-frame Langstroth, with an unbound zinc
queen-excluder between the super and brood-chamber, and
a painted duck-cloth under the cover. All combs in the
brood-chamber should be built from full sheets of foundation.

It is also important to stock your hives with the very
best stock of bees to be found in the world. I can only
recommend that you buy some queens from every breeder
who claims to have superior stoik, and breed from that
which is best.

A system of management should be adopted that will
prevent excessive increase, and keep both the super and
brood-chamber full of bees during the honeyfiow.

Honey should not be extracted until it is ripe, otherwise
it must be evaporated to prevent loss from fermentation. It
requires experience to tell when honey is ripe enough to ex-
tract. In some seasons, and in damp locations, the nectar
from the flowers is very thin, and the honey will often fer-
ment after it is all sealed over ; at other times, and in dry
locations, it is sometimes thick enough to keep, when the
bees commence to seal it over. In most locations it is about
right when half sealed.

It is economy to have the best tools to work with. At
my Sespe apiary, this season, my daughter Flora, 19 years
old, extracted all the honey, 10 tons, as fast as a man could
cart it in ; but she had an 8 comb extractor driven by water-
power to do it with. At an out-apiary it cost me S3. 00 per
day to get the same amount of honey extracted with a 6-
comb Cowan extractor. Two good honey-carts, carrying
4 supers, or 32 combs of honey, at a load, are necessary to
bring the honey in from the apiary, one cart being loaded
in the apiary while the other is extracted in the honey -house.
The capping-box should be large enough to hold all the
cappings from one extracting, to give time for the cappings
to drain dry before the apiary is ready to extract again.
Bingham honey-knives, kept clean in cold water, are the
best to uncap the honey until we get a power-driven ma-
chine that will uncap both sides at one operation.
I use smokers with a 4-inch fire-tube.
Plenty of tank-room is necessary to give the honey

646

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 8, 1903.

time to settle and become clear and sparkling before it is
put into cans or barrels, and to prevent delay in extracting,
by having to wait for cans or barrels to put the honey in.

Having a field and apiaries, with machinery to run
them, and a good system of management, we will now con-
sider the marketing of the crop.

If the cost of producing a pound of honey is 4 cents, it
is easy to see that the man who is obliged to sell all of his
honey at 4 cents will soon conclude that bees don't pay, and
get out of the business. To make money, he must be able
to hold his honey until the market price rises, for every
cent he makes is in the difference between the cost of pro-
duction and the price at which he sells. Organization un-
doubtedly helps to hold up prices. The organization of the
California National Honey-Producers' Association, to-
gether with a medium crop instead of a full crop, as was
expected early in the season, has kept the honey market
from going to pieces in California this year ; but organized
weakness is not strength— it is only a bluff. The Steel
Trust has been considered a pretty strong organization, and
yet it has not been able to prevent a depreciation of its
stock to the extent of over $300,000,000 in the last few
months. Why has this thing happened ? Too many of its
members had to have money, and steel stock had to be sac-
rificed to get it.

When the holders of any stock or commodity are finan-
cially weak, the price of that stock or commodity is bound
to fall ; but when they are all strong the price is equally
sure to rise.

When a large crop of honey is harvested the bee-keep-
ers, or a large majority of them, are financially weak, and
while they are making sacrifices of their honey to get
money the price is bound to rule low ; but their honey,
when sold, goes into the hands of strong men, and soon the
price begins to rise. If you have money to live on, and no
debts to pay, just wait until it gets to the .highest price,
then sell. J. F. McIntyre.

Mr. York, in the absence of the writer, then read the
following

RESPONSE BY E. S. LOVESY.

I fully agree with Mr. McIntyre in every point he advo-
cates except queen -excluders. I can get more honey by
giving the queen free range, as I run entirely on the divis-
ion plan, giving the bees plenty of room ; and if the queen
should get into the surplus boxes, I can make good use of
the brood, making new colonies or building up. I believe
in building up strong colonies before I divide, as the results
are often disastrous to divide and attempt to build up after-
ward.

I believe with Mr. McIntyre in the careful selection of
a location, 10 frame hive, a liberal use of foundation or
drawn comb, a good system of management that will keep
the hive full of bees ; and all honey should be properly ex-
tracted and ripened. If these conditions are complied with,
as a rule it can be held for the highest possible price.

I also agree with Mr. McIntyre that the bee-keepers are
in need of a stronger organization. We should not forget
that " in union is strength ;" a lack of which may cause our
energy, at least, to be partly lost.

I regret that conditions are such that I can not be at
the convention. E. S. I/OVESY.

L. L. Andrews — I would like to ask Mr. McIntyre what
he thinks of the use of the hot knife as compared with the
cold knife in extracting ?

Mr. McIntyre— I am sorry to say that while I have seen
it done I have never uncapped any honey in my life with a
hot knife, but after putting the cold knife into the hands of
others, and showing them how to use it, they would never
use the hot knife again.

George M. Wood — I would like to ask Mr. McIntyre to
explain his method of using the cold knife ?

Mr. McIntyre — I have a little wooden keg usually, be-
cause it does not dull the knife when you throw it in. Three
knives are about all you can handle. We take a knife out
of the water all soaked, clean and sharp, run it to one side
and the capping drops off, then up the other side of the
comb. You can use it on several combs that way. Whenever
a knife gets dirty — the least bit of wax on it— it goes right
in to soak off, and when it comes out it is wet, clean, and
free from honey, and, being sharp, it runs up the comb and
cuts it right off, sleek as a razor would do it, and does it
much quicker than a hot knife.

Mr. Wood — Do you use a long knife ?

Mr. McIntyre— I would not use anything but a Bingham
knife.

Mrs. D. A. Higgins — I would like to ask Mr. McIntyre
whether he can uncap well-cured white or black sage honey
with a cold knife ?

Mr. McIntyre — We do not uncap any other kind — very
little of any other kind. This is the honey (sample pro-
duced). You can turn it up for some time on a cold day be-
fore it will come out. It seems very queer that any one
should run up against any difficulties. The hot knife, ac-
cording to the way I have seen it used, will run half way up
a comb or so, as far as it will go ; but our cold knife will
uncap several combs.

Mrs. Higgins — I find it will uncap one comb ; that is all.

Mr. McIntyre — I always cut from the bottom up. be-
cause the comb is leaning a little that way, and as we run
the knife up it drops right clean.

Frank Benton — Since Mr. McIntyre has had a great deal
of experience in producing extracted honey on a large scale,
I would like an expression from him as to how the different
races of bees compared. He is not restricted in extracted
honey to the kinds of bees that will produce white combs,
since, of course, capping comes away anyway, and the
honey from one is as good as the other.

Mr. McIntyre — I commenced bee-keeping in California
with some stock I bought from Dr. Gallup. I brought his
apiary here, and we had some very nice imported Italians.
Later I got some Cyprian stock. I crossed these, and for
extracted honey I find that I can get more honey with some
Cyprian blood than with the Italians alone. They have
really proved to be the strongest houey-gatherers I have
had. I do not like the stinging qualities of the pure Cyp-
rian. I have crossed them somewhat with Italian-hybrids.
If I had crossed them with the Carniolans, which, I believe,
is the favorite cross, they would be pure hybrids. These
Italians crossed with Cyprians have proved to be the best
bees in my hands.

J. F. Flory — Are they not crosser than the Italians ?

Mr. McIntyre — Yes ; I think you can not add Cyprian
blood without adding a little temper. I think probably
there is a little Cyprian blood in the queens. Those are
selected from may be 10 to 20 generations bred in my own
apiary, and I can not tell whether there is Cyprian blood in
a queen, but I pick her for her business qualities. I would
not take a queen that would sting me all to pieces ; I would
not breed from such a queen. I want them to be easy to
handle, nice in color, and I want them to be great honey-
gatherers. Those three points are about all I look to. I
can not ask a queen whether she has any Cyprian blood in
her or not, if she is easy to handle.

Geo. L. Emerson — I have not much to say, but I was
interested in this cold-knife proposition, and thought per-
haps we might get a little more information. Mr. McIntyre
is a very large honey-producer. We have never been able
to use a cold knife with any degree of satisfaction what-
ever. We seem to have a diversity of opinion here. There
may be some that think they will have to change and use
a cold knife instead of a hot knife. If they are going
to do that they ought to know how to do it. If there is any
way Mr. McIntyre can show me how to get away with that
gasoline stove, I would like to have him do so ; but we must
have the same quality of work, even if we are a little
warmer in doing it. I believe that is all.

T. O. Andrews — I was going to say if there was crossed
blood in those queens Mr. McIntyre sent me, they are the
most uniform I ever got together. So I thought they were
pure Italians.

H. H. Hyde — I would like to know if Mr. McIntyre has
ever used shallow frames for extracted honey, S^s inches
deep.

Mr. McIntyre — No, I have had some frames 7x17. They
would do very nicely to extract from, but they did not suit
me for brood-chambers, so I have only the 10-frame Lang-
stroth. We usually manage to get them down near the
super, which is so much heavier ; get the combs out and
extract them about from eight to ten days, according to the
way the honey flows.

Mr. Hyde — We have used both shallow and Ideal supers,
and we have concluded we can handle more conveniently,
and quicker, by using the Ideal super for extracted honey ;
and, in extracting, we have a lar^e extractor that takes
two of the frames in each basket. When we come to uncap
we can uncap one side, and do not go over it twice. But the
principle is in not using the Porter escape at all. One man
simply takes hold of the super, the first man smokes it
freely. One man gives it a wobble. In a few minutes we
take it in the house, and then can take otT the super about
as quick as one frame, and we consider it quite a gain also
in uncapping.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

647

Charles C. Schubert — I would like to ask whether Mr.
Mclntyre uses a bee-escape? also, whether he has an en-
trance to the super above the queen-excluder ?

Mr Mclntyre — No, to both questions. I bought SO Por-
ter escapes and tried them to that extent, and the bees did
not get out quick enough to suit me, so we went after them
with wet brushes. We use a smoker and a wet brush — a
brush made from manilla rope. I take a brush about five
inches long. That does not hurt the bees any, and empties
the supers quickly. I have tried diti'erent sized brood-cham-
bers. I thought the lOframe Langstroth was not big
enough and tried 60 frames once, but when the colony
swarms the swarm puts in too much time filling up the
brood-cham ber.

John F. Crowder — I would like to ask Mr. Mclntyre
where the apiaries are not diseased do you put the same
combs back ?

Mr. Mclntyre — I always change combs. We take the
empty pnes and put on top of the hive. These empty ones
are from some other hive.

A. Arthur Hansen — I would like to ask Mr. Mclntyre
how that cross is in regard to swarming — the cross between
the Italian and Cyprian ?

Mr. Mclntyre — Well, I have some years thought I had a
pretty fine non-swarming lot of bees. They swarmed
hardly any, but filled up their hives in grand shape. Then,
in other years, when we have had lots of honey coming in,
the apiary would just go wild, and nearly every colony
would swarm. I think they are not as bad as pure bees. I
can rear bees that never swarm, but they are very poor.

Mrs. J. B. Cherry — My experience with bees showed me
for two seasons that our poorest hybrid black bees store
more surplus honey. How do you account for this ?

Mr. Mclntyre — I have seen hybrid colonies that would
probably excel other colonies in the apiary — may be any
other colony in the apiary — and I suppose every bee-keeper
has seen the same thing. But I never made a practice of
breeding from that hybrid colony, for the simple reason
that if one should send out such queens as that over the
United States, they would soon get a bad reputation. If
everybody were writing back, " The queens you sent me
were hybrids," it would hardly do. I do not deny but what
the black blood in some colonies seems to have no detrimen-
tal effect, and yet, in other colonies — I have seen, may be,
20 cases where hybrids were very poor compared with the
strain of bees I have.

Mr. Andrews — I want to say in reference to that knife
proposition, that I first got the idea of the cold knife from
Mr. Wilder. I found by keeping the knife very sharp, and
then cutting toward the top wall, I could always uncap two
combs with the hot knife while I was uncapping one with
the cold knife ; so I went back to the hot.

A Member — I would like to ask if yon raise the combs
from underneath the queen-excluder, and place other empty
combs and foundation below to give the queen more room ?
I find they swarm a great deal unless I do that, and that
makes lots more work.

Mr. Mclntyre — No, not as a rule. My practice is to
leave the super full of honey on the hives in the fall. if pos-
sible, and in the spring these colonies will breed up lively
without any assistance from me. I go over to see the
queen, clip her wing, and they get very little more atten-
tion until somewhere along about the first of April. They
will swarm, a good many of them, having the queen-ex-
cluder on. I catch the queen, set the hive back, and put the
brood-chamber, filled up with comb foundation, in the place
where the old one stood, and let the swarm go back. Then
I have every queen in the brood-chamber. That is the main
reason why I use queen excluders. They hinder the brood
some in going back into the supers, but I don't have second
swarms. If I have some queen-cells ready to hatch I put
one right in. The queen hatches and finds there are not
enough bees to keep the brood warm, sh3 tears the cells all
down. A little later in the season, when I get my apiary
full that way, I take the next lot, brush all the bees off of
these brood-combs, and put one set of them with each one
of these. I don't put it all on, mind you, because once in
awhile I find these have supers full of honey. Then I take
the honey and put it above, and put the brood below. In
that way every one of my colonies stores several supers full
of honey every season. I do not have a lot of little, weak
swarms where the bees do not get into the supers.

Mr. Gilstrap — I have worked with bees in Central Cali-
fornia, Southern California, and in Colorado, and I find
location and quality of honey produced has a great deal to
do with the use of the hot or cold knife. Lacking 15 cans
we took off 9 tons of honey last year, and never used any-

thing but a cold knife. I find keeping the knife sharp has
a great deal to do with it. There are only two locations
where I have worked with bees where I have found the hot
knife necessary. Where the honey is not very stiff the
cold knife can be used very satisfactorily.

J. A. Delano — My experience with the hot knife and
cold has been during the last 1,S years I have been in the
bee-business. I started in with the idea that the cold knife
was a good plan. It saves a fire in the honey-house, the
heat, and bother. Another reason I thought it a good plan,
was because several of the large bee-keepers were using the
same plan. Mr. Charles Graham, one of the largest bee-
keepers, used that plan himself, keeping the knife sharp,
and running it on the same plan as Mr. Mclntyre. But I
found, after I had used it for about five years, that if we
had boiling water to put our knives in, and kept them
sharp, we could accomplish probably twice as much, and do
the work a good deal easier. In this State we have differ-
ent kinds of honey in different localities. With sage honey
your can use a cold knife very well, as there is dust you
have to wash off with a cloth ; but I find in general practice
the hot knife takes the lead in my experience. Mr. Graham
has al.so done away with the cold knife, and taken up with
the hot-water process. In extracting from an apiary where

J. F. .VcIXTYRE.

the honey-flow is coming fast, in sage honey, and where a
couple or three men have to handle so many combs in a daj',
a cold knife would be at a disadvantage. At least I think
it would be with us. When we take off a ton, or ton and a
half, with two or three men, we must use the easiest plan.
Along this coast the cold knife works very successfully be-
cause the honey is thinner, and you will find it will cut
easier, but you go inland, where it is drier, and it is harder
to run a cold knife.

J. S. Harbison— I have inspected quite a large quantity
of extracted honey, and I find one of the evils is the exces-
sive use of smoke in handling the combs. Much very
choice honey has been ruined in that way, so much so that
a delicate taste would reject it on account of its bitter taste.
You can not be too careful with reference to this matter.
Honey is very sensitive to acquire a bad odor, as much so as
butter. Another thing, there is too much honey extracted
in an unripe state. It will never be the same honey as
when ripened in the hives. These two things are some-
thing you must give more attention to, or else extracted
honey will fall into disrepute. Carelessness in these mat-
ters is one thing that has prevented a more general use of
honey. I have had much experience along these lines, and
I caution you about using smoke, even on comb honey, be-
cause honey is always sensitive, and will acquire a bad
taste. The importance of these matters seems to have been
overlooked by a great many honey-producers. I warn you

648

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHrSAL.

Oct. 8, 1903.

in these particulars. You must have your honey in as nice
shape as Nature produced it. Much fine honey has been
ruined by carelessness in this direction, so much so that I
would reject much sage honey because of its bitterness.
(Continued next week.)

Contributed Articles

Disease-Germs— What They Are, and What
Promotes or Hinders Their Propa-
gation ?

BY J. E. JOHNSON.

FIRST, let me quote from the works of Prof. Georg-e Mew-
man, M. D.. F. R. S., Demonstrator of Bacteriology in

Kings College, London :

" Latterly, bacteriologists have come to understand
that it is not so much the presence of the organisms which
are injurious to man or other animals, as it is their products
which cause the mischief. These products are termed
toxins."

Now, as I have said before, these bacteria are vegetable
organisms, or little plants. Some bacteria are reproduced
by budding, some from spores, and others by fission. In a
favorable medium they increase very rapidly. The pear-
blight bacillus, for instance, increases by fission, and one
bacillus, in favorable media of proper temperature, and con-
taining enough nutriment, would in 24 hours produce
17,000,000 similar organisms, or over 4,000,000,000 in three
days. This organism is plainly visible when magnified
1000 diameters.

Dysentery among either animals or bees is caused by
microbes which inhabit the soil near the surface, and are
conveyed in dust form to the food eaten or the air inhaled.
The three chief forms of the lower bacteria are thus :
Round cell form are called coccus ; rod form, or those that
are longer than broad, are called bacillus ; the blight bac-
terium is about the form of a grain of wheat, and is called
bacillus. Those of thread form are called spirillum. The
lower bacteria are flowerless, the higher forms of bacteria,
however, have actual flowers. Anitrobic bacteria can only
live in liquids, as the free oxygen kills them, or, rather, the
Mrobes of the air are antagonistic to them. If the blight-
germs could only live in liquid, then the a_'robes of the air
would kill them on the bee's tongue. However, the blight-
germs are not of anaerobic nature, although moisture is
necessary to their propagation. A culture containing these
germs, if merely smeared on the twigs of a pear-tree, will
cause the tree to become diseased, if the tree is favorable to
the propagation of the blight-germ.

But as I have written on the blight question before, and
this is a bee-paper and not a fruit-paper, I will not tire those
who are not interested in fruit ; however, let me say that
this year I had one limb that blighted during our rainy spell,
but as it had turned dry when I found it, and a neighbor
fruit-grower came over, we cut it out and examined it
thoroughly ; the blight had died out of itself. There is a
good deal of blight near me this year, but not so much as
last. Some pear-growers cut out their blight and some did
not.

Prof. Burrill, of the Illinois Experimental Station, who
was the first to discover blight-germs, in 1879, and an-
nounced it to the public in 1880, thinks itquite possible that
they live in the soil, and if such be the case, blight-germs
would travel in the air when the air was real moist, espe-
cially in fog.

Prof. Burrill is sending me cultures or artificial media ;
he agrees with me that when trees are properly fed they be-
come more resistent to blight.

It is the foul-brood germ 1 wish to write about. As I
have increased to over SO colonies, and (nothing preventing)
will make further increase ; and as I find there is an apiary
only 25 miles away badly affected with foul brood, which
makes me fear it may be even closer, and if my bees get it
I want to be able to fight it to a finish. And although this
article may not establish any facts concerning the disease,
it may draw out more substantial information.

I am not satisfied with the views of some, as very able

men, who have had much experience with foul brood, seem
to dift'er greatly. Mr. France and Mr. McEvoy seem to give
diseased honey the principal credit of spreading the disease,
while, in Cuba, some say honey from a diseased colony will
not give others the disease. (See Progressive Bee-Keeper
for July, page 187). Now, there are such men as Pasteur
and others who have spent nearly their whole lives in inves-
tigating the nature of the different pathogenic germs, and
it is an established fact that nearly all, if not all, diseases
of the animal kingdom aredue to microbes ; also, that there
are some germs that are antagonistic to others, and that
there is a constant struggle for the survival of the fittest,
or strongest ; especially is it so between the pathogenic and
saprophytic germs. Two species will often not grow in the
same culture together, as the product of one species is death
to the other. Now, according to Dr. Germano and others,
some disease-germs or spores will survive drying much
longer than others. Miguel has demonstrated by tests that
some spores can remain alive in a dried state for at least 16
years, while others only a few hours. Now, the question I
want to ask is, How long can the foul-brood spores survive
drying ?

At the Chicago convention, Mr. France re'ated his ex-
perience with one case in which the bees contracted the dis-
ease from old, foul-broody combs that had been sealed up in
hives for eight years. If I mistake not, it is a fact that
bacteria must have their proper diet the same as other
plants.

Let me further quote Mr. Mewman's works on Bacteria,
page 12 : " From what we have seen of the diet of micro-
organisms, we shall conclude that in some form or other
they contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen." The reason
I withhold nitrogen from my pear-trees is because I believe
the blight-germs' diet to consist largely of nitrogen. Now
that is the chief diet of the foul-brood bacteria (it is called
bacillus, because of its shape). Is it in the honey, or only
in the brood ? and why does it thrive in the brood and not
in the bee after it is out of the cell ? I want to ask those
who k«ow.

Have you ever fed a healthy colony on honey from a
diseased colony ? and have they thereby become diseased ?
It seems that Mr. Rockenback has, and proved that it does
not. (See Progressive Bee-Keeper for July). He seems to
have had foul brood among his bees in the very worst form.
According to Mr. France's experience, the spores will
survive drying for at least eight years. Now, according to
the best authorities on bacteriology, the spores that survive
drying a long time are frequently conveyed in the air in
form of dust-particles only when dry, or might be when the
air be moist, such as fog or when raining. No bacteria will
leave a moist medium and travel in dry air ; it must be dried
first. The laws of gravity also affect all microbes in their
travel in the air.

Now, one thing more : Do, or do not, any microbes
originate spontaneously? As far back as 1862, Louis Pas-
teur, the world's greatest bacteriologist, arrayed against
the world's greatest scientists of that day, proved by thor-
ough tests that there was no such thing as spontaneous
generation, or, at least, it seemed so, for M. Flourens, sec-
retary of the Academy of Science, said ; " There is, there-
fore, no such thing as spontaneous generation," To
doubt still is not to understand the question. (See life and
work of Pasteur, page 63.) Still, when we take into con-
sideration that the germs of cholora can stand only dry-
ing for a few hours, and sometimes it will break out from
seemingly no cause except filth and corruption, or over-
crowding, lack of ventilation, or certain conditions may
develop a new life of the vegetable of the lowest of all veg-
etable nature.

When Mr. France was asked at the Chicago convention
if the disease would start of itself without inoculation, he
answered, " Possibly once in a thousand times." I find
that other scientists are not entirely satisfied on this ques-
tion. It is well that we understand the important question
more thoroughly. If there should be spontaneous genera-
tion once in a million times, then Pasteur's victory is all a
mistake, and under favorable conditions they might origi-
nate much oftener.

Now, the bee-keepers owe a great deal to the efforts of
McEvoy, France, Cook, and others, as it is no doubt they
can cure foul brood — thanks to their untiring efforts — but is
it not a fact that while it is being cured in one place it is
being spread to others, and even possibly nearly every State
has it more or less ?

When once in a locality, even after cured, can we feel
safe that there are not some dormant or dried spores wait-
ing favorable opportunities to start the disease anew.

Oct. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

649

possibly in worse form than ever ? Some say that in Cuba,
where they probably have had the disease much longer than
we, even the McEvoy plan does not cure. The old saying,
that " an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, "
is, no doubt, true in foul brood. If we can become more
informed concerning the working of this disease, or the
habits or diet of this germ, might we not be enabled to
prevent wholly its introduction among our bees ? Further-
more, might not the foul brood bacillus be propagated else-
where except within a bee-hive ?

The human mouth is a natural incubator for many
germs ; some are necessary to our health, digestion, etc.
However virulent, microbes have been found in the human
mouth, which, when injected under the skin of a rabbit, often
resulted in death to the rabbit. (See page 176, Microbes,
Ferments and Molds, Vol. No. 56, Industrial Scientific
Series, by E. L. Troussart.) I do not think the bacillus alvei
would be found in the human mouth, but mention this to
show that some germs have different meansof propagating.

The " A B C of Bee-Culture" says that the spores of
bacillus alvei will withstand two hours boiling, and some
be still alive. But scientific authority says that 60 minutes
boiling at a temperature of 212 degrees F. will kill all kinds
of spores. Now, no doubt many pounds of wax is annually
rendered from combs thoroughly alive with spores, and
probably even sent from Cuba, this being made up into
foundation, distributed broadcast throughout the United
States. What assurance have we that this wax has been
subjected to 212 degrees F. for two hours? If it has not,
can any one give us a truthful reason why foundation made
from such wax would not start the disease ?

If, as " A B C of Bee Culture" says, the spores will
withstand two hours boiling, and live in a dried state eight
years, as Mr. France has proven them, they surely can live
in foundation unless boiled as stated. I am inclined to be-
lieve that since the McEvoj' and France plan of treating
foul brood began, the disease is being distributed in foun-
dation. Formerly all diseased combs were burned. I hope,
however, that I am mistaken.

I believe I understood Mr. France to say at the Chicago
convention, that when he rids an apiary of foul brood he has
a wax-press with him, and renders up the wax. I would
like to ask Mr. France whether he boils the wax two hours
or more, or even for 60 minutes. Also, what is done with
this wax — is it sold on the market? I understand that Mr.
France has tested this matter by taking wax so rendered to
the manufacturer and using the foundation afterwards, and
no disease resulted. I would like to ask Mr. France, in all
kindness, do you firmly believe that all such wax, innocently
bought on the market, would be treated as that was, or
heated as that was, that is, by all United States wax-foun-
dation manufacturers? Knox Co., 111.

I Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Sulphur for Bee-Paralysis.

I agree with the bee-man, sulphur will cure bee-paraly-
sis. I have used it for two years, when the bees were
dying off with it. The way I did was, I took off the cover
and sifted it down between tho frames in the top box, but I
did not spare the sulphur. I then covered them up, and
went to the front and put a half cupful on the alighting-
board and entrance way, so they would be obliged to go
through the sulphur to get into the hive. I repeated the
treatment three times. I did not disturb the brood-frames
in the brood-chamber ; the brood hatched out all right, and
they were as strong as anj' in the apiary.

Merced Co., Calif., Sept. 3. Mrs. Artie Bowkn.

This is confirmatory of the testimony of Mr. O. O. Pop-
pleton (see page 535). Your plan of proceeding, however,
is a little different. He sifted the sulphur with his fingers
directly into the brood-chamber, while you put it in the sur-
plus chamber. Of course, it would be likely to sift down
into tVje brood-chamber from the super. Mr. Poppleton also
took the precaution to remove unsealed brood or eggs, as
hese are injured by the sulphur. You do not say just how

you sifted in the sulphur. Mr. Poppleton tried an insect-
powder gun, but found he could do better work with his
fingers. Would not a pepper-box or flour-dredge work well ?
Possibly it should be specially made, with the perforated
part long and narrow, so as to deliver the sulphur not on
the top-bars, but in the space between them.

Blue Vitriol to Kill Grass.

Alva Agee, in the National Stockman and Farmer,
gives the following for driveways, walks, etc.:

" All grass and weeds can be exterminated in drive-
ways, walks, etc., by a very strong solution of blue vitriol.
I prefer to dissolve one pound of the bluestone to each one
gallon of water, and enough of the solution is used to wet
the surface of the ground slightly. It is far superior to
salt. To dissolve as many pounds of the bluestone as there
are gallons of water, it is necessary to suspend it in a bag
at the surface of the water, as the strongest solution sinks
to the bottom of the barrel. The solution eats through tin
quickly."

Why would this not be"a fine thing to use in the apiary
to keep down the grass and weeds around the hives ?

Clipping Queen's Wings.

I enjoy reading the American Bee Journal very much,
and especially our own department. I purchased 2 colonies
a year ago last fall, and increased to 5. but lost one last
spring. I know very little about handling them. My uncle
advises me some, but he lives about 4 miles from me, so I
have to blunder along most of the time.

I wanted to clip my queens this spring, but felt timid
about it, as I have no text-book, and I never saw any one
clip a queen. I had very little honey last year, but I am
iti hopes to have more this year. There is lots of white
clover in blossom here. It seems favorable for a good crop.

Nina Burgett.

I know just how nervous you feel about clipping those
queens, but really it is not such a dreadful thing to do, after
all. First catch the queen by the wings, then hold her by
the head and thorax in the left hand, slip the scissors under
the wings on one side, give a clip, and the thing is done.

Bee-Liore in the Public Schools seems to be od a par with
a good deal of the bee-lore in general found outside of the bee-papers
and bee-books. This view is confirmed by the receipt of a number of
passages sent by Ella Anderson, who is very likely one of the " school
ma'ams " of the great State of . Texas. Concerning the passages
quoted, she says: "The above is a specimen of the way in which bee-
keeping is taught in our school-books. It has been copied • word for
word ' from one of the most common Ijooks now in use." Amongst
the information given is this:

" First of all we see some half-dozen bees around the door

If we approach too near the front of the hive, one of these sentries
will dash forward with an angry buzz; and if we do not wisely take
the hint, the brave little soldier will soon return with help from the
guard-room to enforce the command."

Fancy a cross bee letting up to go and get some other bee to do
the stinging.

" The honey-gatherers and the ' wax-gatherers ' carry their stores
in their throats." Do they gather the wax from flowers, or where*
and is so much wax in their throats a sure preventive of croup? .Just
one more precious bit :

" The honey-gatherers and ' wax-gatherers ' draw in the sweet
juices from flowers bv their ' trunks.' The ' trunk ' serves as a mouth
and pump. The liquid passes through this into the throat, and is
thus carried to the hive."

Isn't that richness for you?

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal— by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

650

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 8 1903.

I Hasty's Afterthoughts ]

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

TEXAS AND APICULTURE.

Texas the only State having an experimental apiary,
and the apiary manned. Hardly thought it. Well, one out
of Uncle Sam's family of forty-five is some better than that
apiculture should be totally ignored. Credit to Texas !

Wonder what Texas legislature was thinking of when
they supplied a foul-brood law, and no funds to enforce it.
Well, now, maybe they thought apicultural public spirit
needed a little cultivating— and that if a few hundred dollars
of cash were appropriated it would kill off the desirable crop.
Page 533.

NUMBER OF BEE-FARMS — AN ERROR.

So taking the United States as a whole only one farm
in eight has bees, but in Texas one farm in six. That,
with the fact that Texas is a very big State, and compris-
ing considerable extra-good bee-territory, has put them
nominally at the head.

Who is responsible for this enormous Munchausenism,
and what did the original author intend to say? "The
average production of wax per colony for the United States
was 43 lbs.; for Texas, 41 lbs.; for Arizona, 69 lbs.; and
California, 89 lbs." Thus, in Texas an average colony yields
12 pounds of honey and 41 pounds of wax. Page 534.

BEE-PARALYSIS AND ITS CURB.

I think Mr. O. O. Poppleton's article on paralysis to be
a very instructive one. Tallies well with the general puz
zlement on the subject. An erratic disease with no visible
rules. Colonies in appartnt health suddenly cut down to a
remnant, and diseased colonies suddenly recovering without
known cause. This last, if correct, may be relied on to fur-
nish us with a large crop of worthless "sure cures." But
we see Mr. Poppleton has a sure cure himself— dusting
every bee with sulphur, after the brood is all taken away.
But he doubts whether the cure is of much practical value
because he finds the colony, when the cure is accomplished,
to be so weak. If he's right, that the disease is wholly of
the adult bees, and not at all in the brood, that will greatly
help the apiarist in making his fight. New, healthy colo-
nies can be built up, and all old diseased bees destroyed.

And an important riddle this is : " While I am satisfied
that it is to a limited extent contagious, I do not know ex-
actly how the contagion is communicated." Page 535.

WHILE MAN REMAINS— AN APIARY CART.

While man remains on the earth, eh ? Quite a benedic-
tion. Well, why not the American Bee Journal while man
remains on earth ? It will continue unless it stops; and
why should it stop, Mr. Parker?

You're right to agitate for just the right kind of a
honey-transporter about the apiary. I use a handcart,
which is much better than a wheelbarrow in some respects
—worse, if anything, abojt getting tipped over ; and the lifts
are too high. Just comes to me that perhaps a four-wheeled
hand-cart is the thing— a handcart with the body all in
front of the wheels, and low down, and furnished in front
with two light. wheels no bigger than plow wheels— which
same are to carry, or to be carried, according to load and cir-
cumstances. Must our vehicle have springs, or can we do
without them ? Page 541.

BIG JACK-KNIFE A C.OOD APIARY TOOL.

The apiary tool for most constant use might very well be
a jack-knife if it was a big enough one. But where will one
find a comfortable assortment of big jack-knives to choose
from ? Just glance over the stock of a big city house once.
Disgustingly little things almost all of them— as if the
world were peopled with dudes and babies. Perhaps there
will not be one in the stock even half big enough for the
purpose named. Fashion. Cowardice. Half mankind don't
dare to carry a knife as big as they know they need. Years
ago it got to be a sort of a test- country man carried a big
knife, and the city man carried a little one— till callow
young men everywhere wanted to be seen with the city
man's kind of knife. The manufacturer would just as lief

make big knives ; but he can't afford to make them unless
some one will buy them. Page 542.

DROWNING QUEENS FOR INTRODUCING.

Will the drowned-andbrought-to-life queen be any bet-
ter than the ruined-in-the-mail queen. Dr. Miller ? Impor-
tant conundrum, which, I guess, we will credit to you, Mr.
A. C. F. Bartz. Dr. Miller kind o' got away when I tried
to catch him for cutting off the queen's legs ; but we've got
him this time for drowning her — on his own confession.
Page 542.

THE IDEA OF SUGAR CAUSING FOUL BROOD 1

Quite an idea to go on the " important if true " list is
suggested by Mr. J. M. Hobbs, on page 543. He is quite
sure that the feeding of sugar greatly favors the develop-
ment of foul brood. Barely possible that there may be
something in this ; but some of the folks will say, "Sugar!"

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the oiBce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Wintering a Smalt Colony— Buying Bees.

I am a beginner and am desirous of working with bees and having
them, and would like a little information.

I have one colony of bees that I hived while swarming, July 10,
in the railroads yards, and carried them 100 miles on my engine. I
put them in a hive the next morning and they went to work at once,
early and late. Now what I wish to know is th|i6:

1. The hive is a 10-frame hive with foundation, frame 9x7 inches.
How many of these frames full will it require to winter this colony,
there being, as near as I could judge, about one or one and a half cup-
fuls of bees?

2. The honey-flow has been good, but it is a little slack now,
while pollen is very good. I placed about one-half pound of good
sugar syrup in front of a hive, which they carry in in about four hours
each day. Is this all right, in order to save feeding or disturbing the
bees while in winter quarters?

3. VVhere can I procure a few good colonies stocked with' queens,
and at what lime would you have them shipped? I wish the golden
Italians already in the hives. Missouri.

Answers. — 1. If not more than P^ cupfuls of bees are in the
hive, ihty would not consume the honey in one full frame; but it is
pretty safe to guarantee that so small a colony will not live till spring.
Their chances may be better if you put them in a cellar for the winter.

3. Yes, that's all right, if they haven't enough stores.

:-). It is now so late in the season that unless you have a specially
good opportunity to obtain them conveniently near and at a bargain
you will do well to wait till next spring. Look out for the advertise-
ments in these pages about that time, and you may see what you want.
By making inquiry it is possible you may be able to supply your wants
from bee-keepers near you, for you will find it expensive business hav-
ing full colonies sent from a distance. It would cost less to buy nuclei
in the spring and build them up.

Queen Questions and Some Others.

1. How should bees mi when favorable to accepting a queen intro-
duced to a colony that has been queenless perhaps ever since the col-
ony was hived last May !

2. What do bees mean by one grabbing another, a strange bee and
two or more run round the prisoner as it to examine it while the other
holds to it '. This looks to me like they were playing highway robbery
— but only get back their own. Do they thus rob a bee l

3. What way do you account for my finding, in almost if notevery
hive examined, unsealed queen-cells? Certainly they can't contem-
plate supersedure.

4. Should a young queen hatch out at this season (July 31) what
chance would she have to become fertile when all the colonies have
disposed of their drones ?

5. Would she go unfertile until next spring, when the drones ap-
pear, and then meet the drone? and would such a queen be of any
value '.

0. Would she lay drone-eggs between now and then, or remain as
a dead-bead in the hive?

7. You say it is easier to introduce a queen to a colony that has
been queenless only two or three days. How would you count the
time, from the time you remove the old queen, or should the old queen
be removed for 4S hours before the queen to be introduced is placed in
the hive '. Or, would you remove the old queen and immediately put
in the other, enclosed in her cage, as it would require at best from 24
to 48 hours for the bees to release her !

8. Should a good queen lay eggs all through the winter in this

Oct. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

651

climate, or is there a time with all ciueens of every climate when they
are fully at reel from laying ; Would feeding a colony cause a (lueen
to continue to lay!

H. AVould frames put in crosswise, let them be brood or extracting
shallow frames, make any difference with the bees accepting and till-
ing them, and say the brood-cliamber frames are lengthwise and the
super frames crosswise? Mississii'i'i.

Answers.— 1. It is easier to tell by looking at them whether they
feel like accepting her than it is to tell how one tells. It the bees are
hostile to her, they may be grasping the wires of the cage as if trying
hard to get at the queen, while if they feel kindly toward her they sit
nuietly and loosely on the cage. That's not telling you very muuli, is
it! Well, I may as well tell you that if the case were right here before
me, I couldn't always tell for certain. They might appear to be look-
ing as sweet as you please at the queen, with murder in their hearts
all the while.

2. Yes, a strange bee appears often to be made to give up its
honey voluntarily, saying, " See here, girls, it you'll just let me ofl
I'll give you every bit ot honey I have."

3. It must mean one of three things — swarming, supersedure, or
queenlessness.

4. She would have no chance if all drones were absent, but there
are generally at least a few drones at any time when bees are daily Hy-
ing, even if you can't tind any.

5. I don't know; I wouldn't give much for her chance. Some say
they have had queens fertilized in the fall that did not lay till spring,
and that they were all right. But a queen whose virginity extends
from fall to spring might safely be warranted as worthless.

6. A virgin reared in the fall and not fertilized before winter
would probably lay no eggs before spring; and if she then should lay
any eggs they would produce only drones.

7. The lime a colony is queenless should be counted from the time
the queen is removed. A common way is to remove the old queen and
put in the caged queen Immediately, the arrangement being such that
it takes about two days for bees to release the new queen. But that
•' about" is not very definite; sometimes a queen is released in less
ihan a day. sometimes in three days or more. It is claimed that a still
better way is to put the caged queen in the hive without disturbing
the old queen, leaving no chance for the bees to release the caged
queen ; then 4S hours later to remove the old queen, and give the bees
a chance to release the caged queen.

8. I don't know, but I think a queen takes at least a short lay-off
from laying in any climate. Feeiling continuously is likely to induce
laying; but sometimes it's very hard to start laying. But continued
feeding when the flow stops would be likely to keep the queen laying.

9. It wouldn't make any difference.

cepted. I gave the other,^ frames containiQg eggs in all stages, and
ordered some queens, and was .surprised to find none started. Sol
run them through the perforated zinc and found no (|Ueens, and in-
troduced my ijueens and they were accepted all right. Why did they
not start (|ueen-cells '.

)i. As they must have been queenless at least ;il days, why did
they not have a laying worker*

3. I left one nucleus to themselves, when I took their queen, and
they started several cell-cups over cells of bee-bread but none on cells
with eggs. Why did they do that?

4. By some unaccountable blunder I marked one hive queenless
that had a laying c|ueen with plenty of brood, and introduced a tine
queen. Yesterday they had her nearly let out, and to-day she was out,
and I opened the hive to see if she was all right, and difcovered my
blunder ; and while hunting for my queen I found the old one balled
in the bottom of the hive, but could not find my new one. I left no
bees in the cage when I introduced the queen. Why did they ball
//(«')• queen? Iowa.

Answers. — Oh, dear! what makes you send so many hard ones
all in one bunch! I don't like to use up my whole slock of " I don't
know " answers, so must guess at some other answers the best I know
how.

1. It is possible that so late in the season, and so near the time for
the cessation of laying, the bees didn't think it worth while to bother
about starting queen-cells. A better answer is thit queenless bees
have a trick of tailing sometimes to start cells from brood given — not
such a very uncommon occurrence, either — and no one seems ever to
have given any reason for it. .Just the way the bees have.

2. Better say " laying workers," for generally a lot of those nui-
sances are present. Laying workers don't always set up business in
21 days of the removal of the queen. In this ease, too, there was less
chance for it, because it was late in the season, and laying workers
are not likely to start after the time when egg-laying ceases naturally
in some colonies.

3. Can't make even a guess at an answer.

4. Perhaps for protection. It is not a very uncommon thing for
bees to ball their own queen when alarmed in any way. The presence
of a strange queen would suggest to them that their own q ueen needed
protection. In one case, however, I had a queen protected to death
because some strange queens were caged In the hive.

Queenless Colonies Balling ttie Queen.

1. About the first of this month (September), in looking over my
bees I found Nos. 10, 13, 13, 17, 2ii and .30 with no eggs, larv;t^ or brood
of any kind, and being so early I took it for granted they were queen-
less. 1 had three or four laying queens in nuclei, so I just turned
them loose in some of the queenless colonies and they were all ac-

Removing Supers from Hives.

1. When should all supers be removed from the hives?

2. Will the bees feed on honey in the super now, or from the
brood chamber? Illinois.

Answers. — 1. As soon as all storing is over for the season. In
white-clover regions it is the best to take off supers at the close of the
white-honey harvest, and then put them on again when needed for a
fall flow, if a fall flow comes.

2. Both. As brood-rearing slackens, and empty cells appear in
the brood-chamber as a consequence, you may count on the bees
carrying down honey out of the super to store in the brood-combs.

Lanflswiion...

TI16H016l)B66

Revised by Dadant — 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for SI. 20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $1.75 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
^for a year at Jl.OO; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Sections, Stiippino-Gases,
fioneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49At( INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

f lease mention Bee Journal when ■writlup

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

B".v«, Girls, olrl and j-nuni: allko,

hirntob csplt&I toiurt v.iQ id bnsl-
DHS. Seai a» 10c «umpB or sliTer for full instnictloDS arid ft lineol

.mpleito.iiik.rltl>. DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO..Chluio.lll.

Please meatlon Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate

MouniUnionGolleoe

Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum elEciency at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior.

Send for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

'What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLE HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuuate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
0x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver. ) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON,

22" East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.
"lease mention Bee Journal when -wTiting.

652

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 8, 1903.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

Whisk=Brooiii Bee°Brush.

There has been so much said in the
journals relative to bee-brushes that I
want to add just a few words. It seems
to me that there has never been a first-
class brush described ; and it seems to
me that, when we revert to a bunch of
weeds, we are not making much ad-
vancement, aside from the untidiness
of the apiary, in having weeds grow-
ing so plentifully that we can grab up
a handful at every hive. We can all
buy the best bee-brush at any store for
10 cents ; and that is just an ordinary
whiskbroom. Tack a sheet of sand-
paper on your workbench oron a board
and take hold of the handle of the
whisk-broom with one hand, and with
the other one press the end of the
brush down flat on the sandpaper, and
then pull it across it a few times, and
you will have all the stiff points cut
down so it will be pliable and soft, and
no danger of mutilating the cappings.
When brushing, hold the brush flat to
the comb, or practically so ; and if it
gets daubed with honey, dip it in a
dish of water, and it will be clean
again, and the moistening makes it
more pliable. I have one I have used
for IS years, and it is good for as many
more. I always wet it before begin-
ning my day's work. — Ei,iAS Fox, in
Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Introducing Virgin Queens in Pairs.

This is the latest kink practiced by
the A. I. Root Co., although the same
thing seems to have been previously
practiced by Swaithmore. The plan
is thus given in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture, as used by their apiarist, Geo.
W. Phillips:

Here is a colony, we will say, that is
queenless. Instead of giving it one
caged virgin, to be released on the
candy plan, he gives it two of flying
age; but the loose slide protecting the
candy is removed, exposing the food
in one cage, leaving it in the other
cage covered by the slide. The bees
will release the queen of the first men-
tioned. In a day or so she will become
fertili2ed, and go to laying. The other
virgin is kept caged in the mean time.
As soon as queen No. 1 is laying, she
is taken out, and at the same time the
slide covering the candy to the other
cage is set back, the bees release queen
No. 2. Before that is done, another
virgin is put into the hive, caged with
the candy protected. Queen No. 2 is
accepted, and ere long begins to lay.
She is removed, and the slide of cage
No. 3 is slid back, and another virgin
put in, and so on the cycle proceeds.
The point is here : Both queens while
in the hive acquire the scent of the
bees and of the comb, so that when
one queen is removed the other queen
is already introduced except releasing,
which the bees do in a few hours, and
she again is in a fair way to become
the mother of the flock. During the
interim between the time the queen is
released and when she becomes laying.

TlioiisaDds of Hives "Millions of Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not selling goods on NAME ONLY, but on Iheir quality.

In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have just

made one shipment of five car-loads to England.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, l.S. A.

Please mention Bee jovuroai ^^nea writing

RUBE'S SURPRISE.

Well, I'll Be Bumped!

I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer. Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all this freight I've been throwing away and got my goods
cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order
sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at
their factory prices, gest as they said.

A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.

GRIGGS BROS.,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

IF YOU WANT

a better, more prii.ii.al, lnni,'.T lii^-liria, heavier
ealvanized wire fence. VOII WANT I'AUF.
PA(;K WOVKN UlREKKMK t(»., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal wh«n writmt

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

U preweat you with the first *5 yoa
take in to start you in a pood pavinp busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of SiimpleB
and direi-tiona how to beprin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.. Cblcaso, Ills.

Tlie Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Hinder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year — both for only tl.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this ** Emerson *^ no further binding is ueces-
•ary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing, advertisers.

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.

Fttll stock of Bee-SuppUes, the best tnade. Root's Goods at their
factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.

C. H. W. WEBER fnTrMo'r^H^^^-""""'^

2146 = 48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

DITTMER S FOUNDATION

RETAIL AND
WHOLESALE

that produces the superior of any. It is the cleanest
sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, because it
as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than

This foundation is made by a procf
and purest. It has the brightest color e
has the thinnest base. It is tough and cl
any other make.

■ Working wax into Foundation tor Casii a Wpecialty. Heesvcax
always wanted at liij^iiesit price.

Catalog givi^ng FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, fkee on applicaf

E. Gk

Sole Agents for Canada

& Co., Toronto, Out.,

GtS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please Mention the Bee Journal I^^^rSri"?.

Oct. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

653

Something Sug Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.

We think all ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is gone. He sometimes tills the grave ot a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on her own resources! In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity* In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submit? A THOUS.WO TIMKS, \0 ! Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing,'' hut will know that it he fails in bis duties, she can live without
him, and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and bjcome the means ot support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy ot THE NEW LONDO.X
LADIES' TAIIjOK SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more e.Kpensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the Tnited States
and Canada. Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW liONDON TAII.OIl SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -iCj.OO each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .lournal for sending us two new subscribers at .^l.UO each ; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee .Journal, both for >;l. 715; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for ^l.dii. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street. CHICAQO, ILL.

the queen is acquiring the scent of the
colony.

But Mr. Phillips goes one step fur-
ther. Here is a colony that is not
queenless, but we wish to sell the
queen in 2 or 3 days. He accordingly
cages the virgin in the hive, and 3
days after removes the laying queen,
exposes the candy of the caged virgin
so the bees can release her, when she
is immediately accepted. There, don't
you see, there is a lapse 'of only a few
hours of actual queenlessness ? We
will say that, in 5 hours after the lay-
ing queen is removed, the virgin is
stalking abroad over the combs, quite
at home.

"■^ This thing is no experiment. We
have been testing it for weeks to see if
it would work under all conditions.

If the virgins are hatched in nurser-
ies, and a supply of them is kept on
hand, no colony need be queenless
more than long enough for the bees to
eat out the candy, which I should say
would take about 5 hours as we pro-
vision the cages. By this plan one
can get almost a double output of
queens.

Spraying Fruit-Bloom Proves to Be
a Boomerang.

Last year I had my colonies very
strong in order to get as much of the
apple honey ,is possible, that being my
favorite honey ; and just when the bees
began to store rapidly I noticed all at
once thousands of them dropping
around the house-apiary and in my
yard ; and my colonies were depopula-
ted a half, if not more, in 2 days' time.
I was satisfied that poison had been
used in spraying fruit-bloom, and im-
mediately made inquiry. All parties
denied spraying, yet I found that one
had purchased a fruit-sprayer and had
sprayed his trees at that time, even
though he denied doing so. However,
I made a public announcement that
the party or part ies who killed my bees
by spraying his fruit during the time
of bloom would also destroy his own
fruit, and my prediction proved true;
for the same party that had sprayed
his trees at that time scarcely had any
sound fruit, while an orchard within
a stone's throw had hundreds of bush-
els of fine matured fruit, and no spray-
ing whatever had been done ; so I
guess there will not be any more
spraying done during full bloom in
this section. — J. A. Golden, in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture.

A Model Bee-Cellar in Northern Jlich-
igan.

The cellar is 14x24 inside. It is built
3 feet under ground and 4 feet above.
The foundation is a stone wall 3 feet
deep with b inch studding on the wall,
boarded both sides, and filled in with
sawdust. There are also inch cleats
nailed on inside, and lathed and plast-
ered, making a 1-inch dead-air space.

In building the stone wall we laid in
2x6 plank, letting them project 2
inches, and lathed and plastered on
these, making a dead-air space on the
stone wall, to do away with the damp-
ness.

In one corner there is a tile drain, or
intake, for fresh air, leading out 6 rods
under ground, 3 feet deep. The cellar
is built on higher ground, which makes
it very convenient for underground
ventilation. There is also a ventilator

654

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

leading out through the roof 12 inches
square. This comes within 3 feet of
the cellar bottom, and is arranged to
shut off too much draft. The outside
has been reinforced with a foot of saw-
dust coming above the cellar a foot,
with tarred felt covering the whole.
The floor above is made frost-proof by
nailing on ceiling, filling in with saw-
dust between the ceiling and floor, and
nailing inch strips to the ceiling, and
then lathing and plastering. This cel-
lar has never been cold enough to
freeze, the temperature ranging from
41 to 45. I can put in 200 8-frame hives
if necessary. I have wintered 150 in
this cellar very nicely. It stays very
dry and nice all winter. The upper
part is used as a workroom and for ex-
tracting. The cost was about S150. —
James Hilbkrt, in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture.

Good Honey at lo Cents Cheaper
than Thin at 8.

I tested some well-ripened honey a
few days ago, and it tested about 14'2
pounds to the gallon. I figured out
how much water it would take to make
honey 13 pounds to the gallon. It takes
about 28 percent of water. That is,
take 100 pounds honey, 14'2 pounds to
the gallon, add 28 pounds of water to
it, 10 pounds to the gallon, and you
still have a honey 13 pounds to the gal-
lon, and the manufacturer who buys
the best honey at 10 cents a pound gets
it cheaper than the one who buys the
other at 8 cents. — Mr. Darling, in
Canadian Bee Journal.

Our Sweet Tooth.

That Uncle Sam has a " sweet tooth "
is demonstrated by the record of sugar
importations for the year, which have
increased to the largest total ever
known. In addition to the sugar raised
in this country more than 5,000,000,000
pounds have been imported, which
with the domestic production, would
give each man, woman and child in
the United States about seventy-two
pounds each per annum. As many
persons do not eat anything like this
amount and much sugar is introduced
into the human body in other forms
than the refined product, there must be
many people who consume more than
their own weight of sugar in a year.
The quantity eaten in the form of con-
fectionery is enormous, and, if sugar
would do it, America would be a land
of sweetness if not of light. — Boston
Transcript.

To eat one's own weight of sugar in
a year is a menace to health, if not to
life. What a pity those enormous con-
sumers of sugar could not be induced
to consume their sugar in the more
wholesome and delicious form of honey.

The California Sages.

White sage is perhaps generally
thought by outsiders to be the princi-
pal one of the sages ; but Californians
say it cuts no great figure, the black
and purple sages being away ahead,
both in quality and quantity. — [Yes,
the average Easterner gets the impres-
sion that the white sage is the main
honey-plant of California, because all
California honey from sage is named
white sage. The black sage produces

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raDhic

PEN.

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leaic or blot.

As they make a line of uni«
form width at all times
they are unequaled tor
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE,

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $3.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

'"t''h''e''penj°' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing- 15 ounces of honey, at J4 00 per gross. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
g-ross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f( r postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62CDrtlandtSt ,NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

DAIRYMEN ARE DEUGHTEU

to meet Ihoae • no woik for UB. Cow keepers »!»«)•«
have money We Btart you In buslneSH. You make
large protiuj. Easy work. We funiisfa capital. Send
10 cents foi full line of Mmplenand particular.

DRAPES PUBLISHINQ CO., Chlugo, Ills.

a sfreat deal more, and the purple or
button sage comes in as a close second.
But white sage honey is not misnamed,
because it is white, and it is sage, but
not necessarily 2vhiie-sage-X)\a.nt\^oney.
— En.] — Stray Straws in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

Great Ragweed.

What is the enclosed weed? I think the
local name here is " bull-weed." Bees are
fond of it. T. C. K.

Knox Co., Tenn.

[The plant is the Great Ragweed, and grows
abundantly along moist river-banks. The
bees may get considerable pollen from it, but
not much honey. Botanists know the weed
as Ambrosia trifida, and it belongs to the great
Composite family. — C. L. Walton.]

Amount of Honey One Bee Stores.

I saw in the American Bee .Journal a ques-
tion asked as to how much honey a bee can
carry during its life. I am an old bee-hun-
ter, and have found a good many bee-trees in
the woods. I have seen a bee lick up two
thin drops of honey at one time and carry it
home. If it can carry two dops of honey at
a time, how many drops can it carry in one
day i I will say it can carry three loads of
honey in one hour. If so, it can carry 30 loads
in 10 hours, or 60 drops, which make a tea-
spoonful of honey. So a bee can carry 26
teaspoonfuls of honey in 36 days, or the time
of its active life. This makes about one-half
of a small teacupful of honey.

Dr. Miller says the life of a worker-bee is 26
days, and I think so, too. I don't say that
all the worker-bees will carry two drops of
honey at a load, but when a bee sucks its fill
of honey it can carry two drops.

1 have watched bees for the last 30 years,
and I am satisfied that my figures are right.

I don't say that a brown or black bee will
carry two drops of honey at one time, but X
do say an Italian bee will do it. So one-half a
teacupful of honey is all that a bee will store
during its life. That is my idea; and I think
I am right. E. E. Wilson.

Van Buren Co., Ark., Sept. 15.

[Even if it is admitted that a bee can store
a half teacupful (or say '4 pound) of honey
during its working life, it would not be safe

1&*

WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

Front and Walnut,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

W* The Fred W, Muth Co,, Cincinnati, ohio. JH

Oct. 8, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

655

to estimate from that basis what an averase
colony of l)ees will produce during a season.
Suppose there are only 40,000 bees in a colony
during the 'it! days, and only half of them do
business, according to Mr. Wilson, they
should carry in 5000 pounds. Perhaps ','00
pounds of honey would be an exceptional
yield. for 20 days; then what became of the
other 4800 pounds?

The thing can not be figured out. It is all
guess-work. And one man's guess is about
as good as another's in such a case.

AVe" guess" we'll eat the honey and let
the other fellow do the figuring. — Editor. |

A PecullaF Year— Swarming.

The last month and a half has been any-
thing but favorable for honey-production ^in
this locality. I think the crop will fall much
below the estimate of many. And 1 fear many
colonies, unless they are looked after and
fed, will not go through the winter, if we
should have a severe one.

I said this had been a peculiar year ; well.
it seems so to me. Let me tell you some-
thing— bat, say nothing about it, for I feel
almost ashamed of myself when I think of it.
I have had 54 swarms from 31 colonies, and
how many more there would have been no
fellow can tell if I had not struggled contin-
ually to prevent swarming.

I have made a colony from a caged queen
left on a table with a box over her to protect
her from the sun. Bees came from all parts
of the yard and clustered on the cage. They
did not come at swarming-time, but one at a
time, till there were 200 or 300 bees, which
stayed day and night till the fourth day, when
they swarmed as naturally as any swarm as
you ever saw; but the queen being caged,
they returned and clustered again. I made a
nucleus colony for them ; added a comb at a
time as they needed, and now they are a good
colony. Who says one cannot get a colony of
bees if he has a queen? Wm. M. Whitney.

Walworth Co., Wis., Sept. 31.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in the Court House, in Rockford, 111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 and 21. l'W3. A good
program is being prepared, and all interested
in bees are invited to attend.

Cherry Valley, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec.

Connecticut. — The Connecticut -tJee-Keepers'
Association will hold their fall meeting in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4. All bee keepers
are cordially invited to attend. For full in-
formation, write the Secretary.

Mrs. Edwin E. S:mith, Sec.

Watertown, Conn.

^a FENCE! J-^T"

^■"^^" strong. Ohicken-
TiRht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
~ leu. FDllTWamuiIi'd. Cataloc- Free.

COILED BPRINU FENCE CO.

WinefaeBtcr, Indiana, C. 8. A.

Please mention the Bee J<

Box :

39D2ot

arual

2C Annikr< nf the very best Extracted
3,UUU IDS. Honey for sale in new cans
^^-^^^^— ^^ at b% cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Arlt.
39I)tf Please mention the Bee Journal.

afGRAPEVINES

100 Vorlotlos. Also Small FruMs. Trees, 4c. H' ~t njiit.
OescripCive price-list tree. Lewis Roesch,Fredonia, N.Y.

Plea<ie mention Bee Joumai ■

BEE=BOOKS

SENT I'OSTI'AII) BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 14G E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and desigu ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 113 beautifuV original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique In this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, SI. 00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientilic. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Liangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
oeen entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth~the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, §1.20.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, ¥1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound iu cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents ; iu paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called '■ Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 35 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.—Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for .50 colonies, Sl.OO.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 35 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, aO cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, Ijy A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

-M.\KKET 2l'0T.\T10NS

J

Chicago, Sept. 18.— Sales are not frequent
enough to keep receipts cleaned up. They are
made on a basis of 13(§14c for comb of the best
grades. Extracted, white, 6!^'<! 7c for clover
and basswood.and 6@7c for other white honeys;
amber, S^@o^c; accordiug to flavor and pack-
age. Beeswax, 30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Aug. 25.— Receipts of comb
honey more liberal; demand improving. We
quote fancy white comb, 24sectiott case, $3.25;
No. 1, white amber comb, 24-section case, $3.00;
No. 2, white amber comb, 24. section case, $2.75;
Extracted, white, per lb., 6Mc; amber, SUmc.
Beeswax, 2Ste 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Albany, N.Y., Sept. 19.— Honey market firm
on light receipts so far and good demand. We
quote: Fancy white, 16c; No. 1, white, 15c; No.
2,14c; buckwheat, 13(o(t4c. Extracted, good de-
mand just now for Jewish holidays, (or candied
honey, at 6@(,J^c for dark; white clover,7((;i7}ic;
mixed amber, b]4@'c. Beeswax, 30c.

H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
SK@65ic: white clover, i.h'e'Hc. Fancy comb
honey, 15c. Beeswax, 30c.

The Frbd W. Moth Co.

New Yore, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
• luite freely now, and Is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound tor fancy while, 13@i4c for No
1 white, and t2c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet

and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 2><i'Si'ic per pound.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Cincinnati. Sept. IS.— The extracted honey
market has weakened a little as white clover
is offered quite plentiful; prices of sales I made
ruled as follows: Amber, in barrels, ^@5Kc-
water-white alfalfa, bla'tHc: fancy whiteclover'
6!4@7Sic. Comb hontv, fancy' water-white'
14@lSHc. No sales for lower grades Bees-
wax, 28c. c. H. W. Webek.

San Francisco, Sept. 2.— White comb honey
13@14c; amber, 'i@iic. Extracted, white, SK@6c-
light amber, S*Si^c; amber, 4!<@5c; dark am-
Sf.'>^*^*'^'=- Beeswax, good to choice, light,
275i@29c: dark, 2S@26c. >-<=,• g a.,

Most of the comb on market is of small lots
and while being very steadily held, fails to
move as readily or to as good advantage as
would straight carload lots of uniform and
high grade. Extracted is in high request, with
offerings of only moderate volume, and market
firm at prevailing values.

WANTEb ! '=^^<?^B HONEY

In no-dnp shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W.Muth Co.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Wease mention Bee Journal when t»Titinc-

WANTED-Comb Honey in quantity lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings. Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, 111.
rtef«,e menuon Bee Journal wtieD vrmt.iTii*

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCI' WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must ■= put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A iiun

and you may bave part of it l( you wnrk
/or UR Uncle Barn's poultry prwluot fmyv
that aom. Send 10c for eajuptes and partic
ularB. We famish capital to start you iii
buBlneuB. Draper PobllshlocU CMrJtrT V

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

656

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 8, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are nut
so good. It you buy of us ><>ii
•wtil ntot be di!«iippoint4-(l.
We are underisuld by iio
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
ir g-oods at catalog" prices,
ve the freight.

▼ ▼▼▼▼

▼ ▼▼"▼■•

If you want tSit: Kee-Bossk

Thai covers the wb.le Apicultural Field more

completely than ant other published,

send Jl. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"Bee=Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.;

INGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

For Sale

I") to 100 Colonies of
'ellow Italian Bees in
) )vetail bives. Bees

_ _ nd hives in first-class

JOflN DIVEKPY
3SA4t 346 S. River St., AURORA, ILL.

Lono Tonooes Valuable

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italian roll in the
honey down in Texas.

HuTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard lo queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
hooey in." It seems that they g-et honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, t have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am mon- than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

26t!l ?

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation

year P

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SMEBTINQ.

HnP< it «p1I «n well? Because it has always given bettpr .;.
UUCd IL SCII SU well r faction than any other. Because In as ye
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Why

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Keeoers' SupDiios

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Egt's
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^v/isctd,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal "wlien ■writins-

r^w'w^rprrr^sr-^K

^ i^ooi's Goods m GiiiGaoo. |

The business for many years conducted by George W. York & Co., &

at 144 E. Erie St., as agent for The A. I. Root Company's Supplies, is ^

this day transferred to The A. I. Root Company, to be conducted as a <^!

Branch Office. All outstanding accounts will be paid George W. York ^|

& Co. ^•

The policy of Branch House will not be changed. We shall continue ^

to serve the interests of bee-keepers to the best of our ability, and to ^

increase our facilities whenever possible for such service. Mr. York ^

will still be in the same office with us, and the benefit of his years'of ex- ^|

perience with this trade will thus be available. ^'

Please note change of name to avoid confusion in our work. S^

ocL /, f9oj. THE A. 1. ROOT COMPANY. T.

All orders, remittances, inquiries, etc., should be addressed to The ^

A. I. Root Company, 144 E. Erie St., instead of George W. York & Co. ^^

STATEMENT BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

•^ To Ol-r CrsT0.MERS AND Fkiends; ^I

•5 Iq transferring back to The A. I. Root Company the bee-supply business which ^•

r^ we took oyer from them some years ago, we do so with regret, as we have labored to ^^

:^ build up a large and honorable trade iu bee-appliances, and value beyond expression ^:

!^ the generous patronage accorded us during the years. We trust the same will lie ^.

•^ continued to our successors ia the business. ^*

r5 Please note that this transfer does not in any wise affect our publishing the ^;

:^ American Bee .lournal, or haudling bee-books and queens. But we expect from now ^^

!^ on to be able to devote more time to the Bee Journal, as for years we have had "too ^,

•** many irons in the lire" to give it the attention it requires. ^*

f5 QEORQE VV. YORK & CO. *;

r^ Chicaj(0, III., Oct. /, igoj. ^

Bee Journal

43cl Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 15, 1903.

No. 42.

Personal to Our Subscribers!

Chicago, III., Oct. 6, 1903.

We have just been informed by the Post-Office Department that expired
subscriptions to a newspaper or magazine do not constitute legitimate sub-
scriptions so as to maintain the second-class rate of postage, but if such are
mailed with paid-in-advance subscriptions it places the whole edition under the
third-class rate, which, in the case of the American Bee Journal, is about 14
times higher than the second-class rate. In other words, if the third-class
rate of postage were enforced on the Bee Journal, we would have to raise the
subscription price to $1.50 a year at once. This we do not want to do. But
we are compelled to show that every subscriber who gets the American Bee
Journal is a paid=in=advance subscriber, in order that all may be mailed
under the second-class rate. And the only way we can do that is for each one
now in arrears to pay his or her subscription, not only what is past due, but
also an advance subscription.

In order that ALL who are in arrears may put their subscription credit
in advance right away, we wish to make the following offers :

We will credit any subscription sent us — 1 year for $1.00 ;

2 \tm tor «l.l» : i Vean for ttM:w!) ttm tor itM.

^•^ LOOK AT YOUR WRAPPER- LABEL!

^ Of course, these prices are not limited to those who are m arrears, but

r^ if any others wish to take advantage of them they may do so.

^ ffiS- P S —If vour wrapper label reads "dec02" it means that your subscription expired with Decem-

mL ber, 19ra ; if'it "reads " jun02,'' it expired with the end of June, 1902. And so with any other month and
' W year that may be shown on your wrapper-label.

Very Special fiotice to lliose in Arrears.

In order to comply with the requirements of the Post-Office Depart-
ment, we will be obliged 'to discontinue sending the Bee Journal to all who are
now in arrears on their subscription. We know this is a very sudden notice,
but it is not our fault, as this is the first chance we have had to say anything
about it since we learned of it from the Post-Office Department.

But all who are in arrears can easily start a remittance to us in time so
that it shall arrive at our office before the end of this month, and thus it will
not be necessary to miss a single copy of the old American Bee Journal.

We are planning some great things for our readers for 1904, any one of
which will well be worth the yearly subscription price of the Bee Journal. But
by paying for 5 years at one time, it will cost you only 80 cents a year. That
is only a trifle over Wz cents per copy !

Let us have i. prompt response from all who are in arrears, and also
from those who will soon be in arrears, so that all our readers may continue
right along without a single break.

It may be that some can also send along the names of one or more new
subscribers with their own renewals, and thus help increase our list of readers.
We are offering some handsome premiums for such work.

Trusting that all our readers had a good year with the bees, and hoping
that we shall be favored with a general response by way of paid-in-advance

subscriptions, we remain. Yours for the best bee-literature,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL. •

ru>;^5^^-5=5APr«-

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 15, 1903,

No. 42.

c

Editorial Comments

]

liate Once in 30 Years.— So far as we can recall, for the
first time in 20 years the American Bee Journal was not mailed last
week on time, or at the regular time. It was just two days late in
leaving our olHce for the post-oliice. But it was no fault of ours. We
sent the forms to press on Monday morning, Oct. 5, at the usual time,
but just as it was all ready to be printed, the press-feeders went out
on a strike. The firm who does our press-work then tried to get some
other printing firm to print it, and finally succeeded; but that firm
was also handicapped on account of the strike, so that it was almost
impossible to finish it at all last week. However, on Saturday (instead
of Wednesday) we got the last of the copies, and rushed them off to
the post-office, after wrapping them.

We regretted the delay very much indeed, as we had made a fair
record for promptness in getting out the American Bee Journal every
week for many years. But our subscribers will now know the reason
why it could not be mailed on time last week, and doubtless will hope,
with us, that it may be another 20 years ere it need be late again.

Peculiarities of the Past Season. — Over a considerable
scope of country there has been an abnormal amount of swarming,
and that, too, with an unusual honey-tlow. Hot days, and especially
hot nights with prevalent sunshine, are considered the proper thing
to accompany a heavy honey-flow; the best time for storing being
just as farmers begin to complain of drouth ; this year the flow seemed
to go right along with cool, cloudy, and damp weather. One of the
veterans, who had an unusually heavy harvest, reported:

" When bees are crazy over a big harvest you can do pretty much
what you please with them without fear of being stung; but this year
breaks the rule; I never had such cross bees in my life."

To the question whether he had not worked into a cross strain of
bees, he replied :

" No, it happens that I have pretty clear evidence on that point.
The crossest colony of this year had a queen four years old ; the blood
in that colony ought to be the same as in the preceding two or three
years, yet in those years that colony never distinguished itself for
crossness."

Foul Brood and Wild Bees. — It has been a discouraging
thought that no matter how careful one might be in one's own apiary,
there was always the fear that foul brood might be lurking in trees
occupied by wild bees in the vicinity. General Manager France speaks
reassuring words with regard to this, saying that we need have little
anxiety, for whenever a diseased wild colony dies out so as to leave its
combs and remaining stores a center of infection, the squirrels, and
perhaps other things, promptly clean out all that is left to do harm.

Xational Bee-Keepers' .Vssociation — Its Province. —

Never in the history of the Association has there been such a rapid
accession of members as at the present time. There is no good reason
why this should not continue. Indeed, if bee-keepers were not blind
to their own interests there would be a membership many times as
large, for et'ery bee-keeper in the land should become a member.

It is not well, however, that there should be any misapprehension

on the part of recruits. There have been those who seem to have
thought that they could wait outside till some trouble occurred, and
then the Association would stand ready to receive them with open
arms to take up their fight for them. A very little thought will show
the absurdity of such a thing. It would be much like a man living
without any fire insurance until his house was burning, and then ex-
pect to have the loss made good by a company in which he would in-
sure after his house was in ashes.

Neither should it be understood that a member of the Association
is at liberty to foment trouble, get into all sorts of quarrels with his
neighbors, and then complacently folding his arms sit back and say
to the Association : " There, now, I've stirred the thing up good and
hot; you go ahead and finish the fight." It must be remembered that
justice is not necessarily always on the side of the bee-keeper, and it
would be a sorry thing to have a combination for the support of in-
justice.

Let each member do all In his power to keep in peace with the
world " and the rest of mankind," and then if the attempt is made
unjustly to oppress him, he may confidently rely upon aid from the
Association to such an extent as seems right in the judgment of its
officers.

A Great Stvarniing Year has been the year 1903, in certain
portions at least. Many report excessive swarming, and stray swarms
seem to have been flying through the air in all directions. It is well
known that the Dadants have heretofore had very little swarming,
not to exceed 5 percent. This year C. P. Dadant reports a perfect
avalanche of swarming; and this with an exceptionally heavy yield
of honey.

It has generally been understood that when bees begin to store
heavily they give up all foolishness in the way of swarming, and
devote all their energies to saving the precious flood of nectar. This
year it seemed to work the other way — the more they gathered the
more they swarmed.

Will we ever learn any definite laws by which bees are governed?

Take Sections Off. — Here and there will be probably still
found supers of sections on the hives, where all storing has ceased.
Perhaps a super was put on late, and the bees have not begun work in
it at all. The bee-keeper thinks there is no immediate hurry, there is
no honey in the sections, and so it goes on day after day, with the
thought that so long as there is little or no honey in the sections they
may as well be on the hives as elsewhere. A serious mistake, for in
most places there will be propolis varnished over the comb or founda-
tion to such an extent that the appearance is marred, and if the case
is bad enough the bees will refuse to accept such sections the follow-
ing year. If any beginner still has sections on the hives where the
the bees are not storing, let him lose no time in hurrying them oflE.

Formaldehyde, as a destroyer of the spores of foul brood, is
still on trial. Cases are reported in which it has seemed effective, but
so long as there are others in which growth of spores occurred after
treatment, it will hardly do yet to place entire dependence on the
drug. The question now is, whether the cases of failure were due to
the inefficiency of the drug, or whether something different in manip-
ulation might have produced different results. It is asking a good
deal of any disinfecting agent to dig down into the bottom of a cell
filled with pollen and honey, and there destroy a thing so tenacious of
life as a spore of liaciUus alvei. Can formaldehyde gas do it?

660

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. IS, 1903.

[ Sketches of Beedomites j

GEORGE B. LEWIS.

A short time ago we received the following notice from the G. B.
Lewie Co., of Watertown, Wis. :

George W. York & Co.. Chicago, 111.—

GenUemai :—Weha.ve just discovered that through an error you
were not advised of the death of our president, Mr. G. B. Lewis, which
occurred June 11, 1903. We herewith enclose newspaper clipping.
Yours truly, G. B. Lewis Co.

Per G. C. L.

The clipping referred to in the above reads thus:

George Burnham Lewis, a prominent manufacturer and business
man, president of the G. B. Lewis Co., died at his home shortly after
9 o'clock last night. His death was not unexpected, as he had been
in a dangerous condition several days. Hardening of the arteries was
the primary cause of his death.

Mr. Lewis was born in Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y., July 5, 1832.
He received an education in his native city, and when a young man of
21 came West, reaching this city in 1853, where he remained during
the summer visiting with his brothers who had preceded him here. He
returned to New York in the fall, and shortly after was married to
Miss Sarah J. Ingalsbe. Mr. Lewis tried farming for awhile, but his
thoughts reverted to Wisconsin, and in 1861 he removed to this city,
and has lived here ever since. In company with his brother, R. E.
Lewis, he purchased the water-power on the west bank of Rock river,
then owned by a man named Salsey. The firm name was then R. E.
& G. B. Lewis, and after sawing up the logs which were purchased
with the mill and water-power, the firm engaged in the manufacture
of sash, doors, and blinds. In IS'O, R. E. Lewis retired and G. B.
Lewis became sole owner, and conducted the business until 1878, when
the firm of Lewis it Parks was formed, and upon the death of Mr.
Parks, his son-in-law, the firm became known as the G. B. Lewis Co.,
one of the largest manufactories of bee-keepers' supplies in this coun-
try. From a small beginning the business of the firm increased rap-
idly under his guidance and management, until it became one of tlie
largest of its kind, with a manufactured product which sells all over
the world.

Mr. Lewis possessed a quiet and amiable disposition, and was a
man of integrity. In his business and social life he displayed those
characteristics which are so much admired, and those who had occa-
sion to have business or social intercourse with him always had a kind
word to say in praise of his many good qualities. Mr. Lewis never
aspired to political honors, preferring the quiet of his home. For the
last 20 years he has passed the winter months in Dunedin, Fla., where
he has large property interests, and it was while there, early this
spring, that he was taken sick. He returned home in April, and has
gradually failed in health until released from earthly suffering by the
hand of Death. By his death Watertown loses one of its oldest and
most progressive business men, and an honorable citizen who always
took pride in his home city, and helped in its upbuilding. He will be
sadly missed from the family and home circle, and by his many friends
and acquaintances here and throughout the State.

His widow and two children, Mrs. L. L. Parks and George C.
Lewis, of this city, survive.

Verily, the leaders among bee-keepers and bee-supply manu-
facturers are passing away. It was not our pleasure to have a per-
sonal acquaintance with Mr. Lewis, though, of course, we have had
business relations with the firm of G. B. Lewis Co. for years. And it
was always satisfactory in every way. That company has been repre-
sented in our advertising columns for over 30 years, we believe, and,
so far as we know, their dealings with our readers have always been
mutually pleasant and profitable.

The fact is, the G. B. Lewis Co. is one of the strong, clean, busi-
ness-like bee-supply manufacturers and dealers of which all beedom
should be proud. We understand all of that was characteristic of
Mr. George B. Lewis. And that same honorable dealing is continued
by his son, Mr. George C. Lewis, who has been manager of the busi-
ness for years. We wish the firm continued success, although the
honored President has been taken away permanently.

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

Sunday in California. — In the first few paragraphs of the re-
port of the Los Angeles convention, reference was made to the Sun-
day-school of the First M. E. church of that city. We had read and
heard so much about that school previous to leaving Chicago, that we
decided to visit it if we ever should be in or near Los Angeles on Sun-
day. So the coveted opportunity came on Aug. 33.

As mentioned last week, we spent Saturday night at Pasadena.
So, we arose early Sunday morning and prepared to take the electric
car ride of some 10 miles to the church mentioned in Los Angeles. As
the Sunday-school begins at 9 ;30, it was necessary to move lively for a
Sunday morning.

We arrived just a few minutes before the school was opened by
Dr. H. W. Brodbeck, the dentist brother of George W. Brodbecli, of
whom we have spoken before. He has been the superintendent of
the school for 11 years. He has it well organized, and everything run-
ning perfectly. One of the assistant lady superintendents very cour-
teously showed us, and about a dozen other visitors, around through
.the various departments of the school. This was appreciated by all
thus favored.

The bee-keepers present were, Dr. C. C. Miller, A. I. Root, 0. L.
Hershiser, W. F. Marks, and F. E. Brown, besides the writer. It we
mistake not, each of those mentioned attends the church of a different
denomination excepting us, and yet all seemed perfectly at home in
our Methodist school.

Dr. Brodbeck may well be proud of his excellent Sunday-school.
It has an orchestra of about 30 instruments. Just think of what
harmonies they can produce! It is an inspiration to any superin-
tendent or school to have such an orchestra. It also has an efHcient
corps of officers and teachers — "each one an expert."

The school has enrolled about 1000 members. It has perhaps the
best system of records known. Dr. Brodbeck got it up himself, so it
ought to be a good one.

After the study of the lesson. Dr. Miller and A. I. Root were in-
vited to speak to the main school, while we were asked to say a few
words to the members of the young men's and young ladies' classes,
which have their closing exercises together. There were probably 150
present on that occasion. How we wished we could have known
enough to be equal to the opportunity. Who wouldn't give a great
deal, if he had it, to be able to interest such an audience, even for a
short time?

We believe both of these large classes were taught by ladies.
Think what it means to hold the attention of a hundred or more
young men every Sunday, and interest them profitably !

We can say we felt well repaid for making the effort to visit one
of the greatest Sunday-schools in all the West.

After the close of the school, we bee-keeping visitors all went
across the street to hear Robert J. Burdette preach. He has left the
lecture platform, and is now the pastor of the Temple Baptist church
in Los Angeles. He gave a splendid discourse. But we couldn't
help feeling that the lecture-field needed him more than the pulpit.

By the way, we understand Mr. Burdette, several years ago, mar-
ried a very wealthy lady, who resides, and owns a palace, in beautiful
Pasadena. We passed by that lovely home with its gorgeous flowers J
and restful greenswards, when " Seeing Pasadena " the following day.

On Sunday evening we attended the First M. E. church of Pasa-
dena. The building and interior finishings and furnishings were
simply superb. It is a Methodist cathedral. It cost something like
^100,000, we believe. Too much for any church. We believe in less
pretentious church buildings, and more of them scattered throughout
a city.

The organ and music in this particular Pasadena church was
grand. The audience was large and attentive. The talk by the pas-
tor was helpful. He stopped when he got through. Not every
speaker can do that. Their "terminal facilities" are not always
what they should be. But those Pasadena Methodists ought to be a
happy and thoroughly good people. We suppose they are. We cer-
tainly saw no reason to be doubtful about it.

Judging from what we saw and heard on that one Sunday, in Los
Angeles and Pasadena, we should say that not a few of their people
attend church.

Oct. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

661

On returning: to the home of luir cousin, Mrs. Otto Freeman, nftui-
the evening service, we were (iiiite ready to retire and gel a gooil rest
for the following day, which was to be the last of our stay in " Sunset
Land."

Next week we will give the last installment of these rambling
notes. It will be Pasadena and homeward bound. Both delightful
to contemplate.

Herbert CLrxs, a bee-keeper in Chippewa Co., Wis., reports a
crop of 37,000 pounds of extracted honey taken from 333 colonies the
past season.

Herman L. Gloege, of Green Co., Wis., called on us last week.
He reported 112 colonies, and a harvest of about 4500 pounds of
honey, mostly comb.

A " FowIj '' Bee-Man. — We notice that one of the foul-brood
inspector? has envelopes and letterheads with " Fowl Brood Inspector "
printed on them. That's pretty rich. First thing that inspector
knows he'll be taken for a " chicken-lifter."'

Mr. Hasty has a very just complaint against the proof-reader.
On page 633, he wrote about the bee nourishing her liguhi, and we got
it, "flourish her liquid." He wants to know what we think about
that. Well, we think it was a bad break on the part of this paper.
The promise is to try to do better in the future — it forgiven this time !

General Manager N. E. France reports as follows on the
present membership of the National Bee-Keepers' Association:

990 members enrolled when he took hold less than a year ago.

569 new members enrolled during his term thus far, or an aver-
age increase of SI members per month.

1559 was the total enrollment Oct. 5, 1903.

irs memberships at that time had expired, and should be renewed
at once.

We consider the foregoing an excellent membership report. The
increase has been very encouraging, indeed. But there should easily
be enrolled a membership of 2000 before the next annual meeting of
the National. Why not?

N. E. France, the well-known inspector of apiaries for Wiscon-
sin, has lately been out on his inspection work, concerning which a
local newspaper in Clark County had this to say :

N. E. France, who has been in this vicinity recently, reports that
honey-producers in this part of the State are selling their extracted
honey at a lower figure than they need to do, many of them letting it
go at 6 cents, when they might have at least 7 cents. The crop in
Wisconsin this year is estimated at 3,000,000 pounds, which would
take 150 freight-cars to move it. Mr. France was here the last of
•July and found foul brood prevalent to a considerable extent. He
gave instructions for treating these affected colonies, and in one in-
stance tried the experiment which has been widely recommended in
bee-papers, of using formalin' gas. He found on this last visit that
all colonies were free of disease except the ones treated with the for-
malin gas, some of the combs still being affected. This yard is quar-
antined until spring, when Mr. France will be back and personally
treat the disease.

Mr. France writes us that the experiment mentioned above was
with 200 combs, all being fumigated with formalin gas, using double
Weber's amount of gas or formalin, Weber's lamp, etc. All were
afterward put in clean hives, and bees put on them. Every colony be-
came re-diseased.

Wisconsin Bears still like honey, if we may judge from the fol
lowing taken from a recent copy of a Greenwood, Clark Co., news-
paper :

Bears are getting rather numerous around bee-yards in this sec-
tion. Nearly a couple of weeks atro a bear visited M. H. Wright's api-
ary on the Eau Claire river three different times, and was shot at by
the owner without success, on account of the darkness. Finally, .VIr.
Wright got near enough to Mr. Bruin to see him cuff the lops from
the hives and take out a section of honey, and when he stood up to
eat it, he was enabled to get a line on him by lying on the ground, so
as to get the bear between himself and the sky line.

At Severson's Popple river apiary a bear, or bears, have broken
into a dozen or more hives, and some of them have been cotnpleteiy
demolished. So far the mischief-makers are at large, they doing their
work at night when it is hard to see them to get a shot at them.

So it seems that Wisconsin is still on the frontier, and wild game
abounds. We supposed that Sir Bruin had passed on from Wiscon-
sin, but he seems to get around in time to help unload the honey from
the hives. But Mr. Wright got some of Mr. Bear's tenderloin, all
right. L Wonder how it tastes when made out of honey: Ought to lie
doubly sweet and palatable.

[ Convention Proceedings )

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Angeles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

Continued from page 648.)

Dr. Miller — Before that question about the queens is
entirely passed, I would like to ask a question. Suppose,
Mr. Mclatyre, that you had a hybrid queen and the colony
gave you an exceptional yield, away beyond anything else
in your apiary and you never expected to sell a queen in your
life, would you breed from that queen ?

Mr. Mclntyre — That is a pretty hard one, Doctor. I can
answer that in Dr. Miller's own language — " I don't know."
[Laughter.]

Mr. Hyde — We have with us another extracted-honey
producer, Mr. Dadant, and I am sure we would all like to
hear from him.

C. P. Dadant — I feel like saying something in regard
to the cold knife. We have tried both the cold and hot
knife, and have stayed by the cold knife. There are times,
however, when it is impossible to uncap honey with a cold
knife. In the fall of the year, in our neighborhood, it is
pretty cold at night, and after the honey is off the hive a
little while it gets cold and thick, and the knife, instead of
cutting, breaks the comb. Now, when it is fresh from the
hive and warm, the cold knife will do splendidly. I think
when combs are not off the hive too long, and are warm,
the cold knife is all right ; but you let them rest awhile, and
the honey gets thicker, you will have to use a warm knife.
I would not recommend extracting the honey when the
combs are cold. It is much more difficult to uncap it, and
much more difficult to extract the honey. We always ex-
tract the honey as soon as it is off the hive, for, when it
gets cold, it is much more difficult to handle, and, of course,
a man who extracts a good deal must consider all these
things.

Prof. Cook — I would like to hear from Mr. Dadant on
the question of the hybrid queen for breeding purposes.

Mr. Dadant — I think we have just as good queens among
the Italians as among the hybrids.

Dr. Miller — But the condition is that you have one that
is superior to anything else in the apiary.

Mr. Dadant — Well, in an impossible case we could have
impossible results. [Laughter.]

Dr. Miller — More than once I have had hybrids that
were superior to any of the pure ones.

Mr. Dadant — I have heard more comparison between
Italian and Cyprian. I have had Cyprians, quite a good
many. I have noticed one thing which perhaps some of
you may not have noticed. There are exceptions to all the
rules, however. The mating of a cross Cyprian queen with
a drone from the quiet Italian colony will produce a mild
and gentle type of bees, the moral qualities coming from
the male, while the other qualities come from the female.
These seem just as quiet to handle as pure Italians. But
take the Italian queen and cross her with a black drone,
and you have the Grossest bees, unless it is the Italian queen
crossed with the Cyprian drone. I think, as a rule, it will
prove to be so, that the mating of a quiet race on the drone
side will produce quiet bees.

Albert B. Mellen— Will Dr. Miller please tell us what
he would do about breeding from a hybrid queen that excels
all others in fiis apiary ?

Dr. Miller — To get even with Mr. Mclntyre, I would
better say, I won't tell. I will tell you what I have done.
The colony that produces the largest yield of honey this
year will be marked, and most likely be bred from next year
without any regard to stripes or color.

Frank Benton — The question is. How to make money
producing extracted honey? Now, of course, all of these
points, as to the use of the hot or cold knife, the super with
shallow combs, or deep combs, and so on, all come into con-
sideration ; also the question of bee-escapes. All these are

662

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. IS, 1903.

mechanical points, you may say, things that will settle
themselves for each man. But I do not think Mr. Mclntyre
brought forward strong enough some large points— vital
points— as compared with these. The question is how to
get a large quantity of honey. Now, I believe we are los-
ing tons and tons of honey by prejudice against certain
strains or types of bees. A man that produces 20 tons of
honey might produce 30 if he had the right kind of bees to
gather it ; and where he is producing 20 tons of honey he
can increase that by half by care in the selection of his
bees. The right bees for the locality, and the right queens,
might enable him to gather an added 50 percent.

Now, I will come down to the particular point I wish to
bring forward. The Cyprian bees possess more energy
than any other race of bees I know of. I handled them for
years in the Island of Cyprus, extensively there and also in
other countries. They have a disagreeable stinging trait.
Their tongues have been measured by a great many different
people. I have done something in that direction which has
been confirmed by others. Their tongues are the longest
of any bees— at least, as long as any of the Eastern races,
and longer than any other European types. They can fly
farther, have greater wing-power in proportion to the size
of the bodies. There is large wing-spread that has come
through centuries of dwelling in the Island of Cyprus. I
think it wrong to reject that type of bees, because they pos-
sess more power in transmitting their rice or progeny than
•kny other race I know of. With this element we should not
Ignore a strong-wing quality, and the fact that thev are
among the most prolific of European races, or beyond any
type whatever. Of course, we want a bee that we can
handle, and that brings the difliculty.

We have in Austria a type extremely gentle. Another
type in southeastern Russia is an extremely gentle bee.
Both of these bees are prolific ; both of them good honey-
gatherers.

Now, confining myself more particularly to the Carnio-
lan— the bee of Europe— this is the hardiest bee that I know
anything about. If we can eliminate some of its poor quali-
ties and unite it with the Cyprians, we would have the ideal
bee. I conceived that notion some IS years ago, that we
might, by crossing these bees, get the good qualities of each
combined. While I was in Munich, Germany, I had sent a
large number of Cyprian bees, that had been mated there,
back to me. I tested them in that raw region, nearly 2000
feet above the sea-level, and I found them superior to any
others we had there. I have printed the results of these ex-
periments in some circulars which I have brought with me.
Two years later I went to Austria and took with me a pure
Cyprian queen, and had that mated to Carniolan drones.
The same experience came to me, but not content with that,
still I have followed down many and various crosses be-
tween these two races since then up to the present time,
sometimes a large number and sometimes a small number.
I have sent these bees into different regions of this country
where the winds are high, and where it is important to
breed up rapidly in the spring, particularly. Where alfalfa,
the first crop, would be an important item, people have told
me that these bees with this blood increased their honey-
yield, and increased their colonies at the same time very
materially. Some have said they doubled their colonies. I
am merely calling attention to what we are losing by re-
jecting these bees on account of their color, etc. Mr. Mc-
lntyre did not like to cross these bees ; they would be re-
jected because they are hybrids, but would produce bees
that would be acceptable on account of their color. Are
they not just as much hybrids ?

Now, it is just as easy to breed Carniolans that have
yellow stripes on them. I have traveled all over Carniola,
and have never seen a single colony there where there were
not some yellow-banded bees, and I conceived the idea that
a grey-colored bee with yellow queens would be very nice
to have, and before my departure from that province I
selected a set of yellow queens that would produce entirely
grey workers, and the tendency was to have the yellow crop
out on the workers. I tried to avoid that, but you see it
would be to produce yellow Carniolans, and we would not
have those hybrid bees, would we, because they are all yel-
low 7 Now, that cross-bred bee is not cross. It is amenable
to smoke ; it has the energy of the Cyprian, the prolificness
of the Cyprian, and the hardiness of the Carniolan. We
have, therefore, all the really good qualities and important
qualities of the Cyprian, including their great wing-power
and their energy, their disposition to fly farther, their long
tongues, and the hardiness of the Carniolans. By continu-
ing to mate pure Cyprians to the pure Carniolans, I think

erable to an unfixed type. I find in the spring, when the
wind is cold, and many of the bees that leave the hives will
drop down on the ground, these cross-bred bees, these
hybrids, will actually get back into the colonies, and will
fly strongly when others do not dare venture out, and they
will gain something. The bees that do not get back into
the hive will make a great difference in the honey produced.
Coupled with all these other qualities, I am prepared to say
that with all my experience of 11 years in foreign countries,
and some 30 years since I began handling bees, I have not
found anything to excel these bees. I believe the most im- '
portant point in the production of honey is care in the selec-
tion of strains or types of bees.

Secondly, I requeen in the latter part of the year. I
take pains to see that the new queens are bred from the
very best queens I can produce. I select only large, prolific
queens. I want those that will produce 20 to 25 queens to
the brood. With these, I believe, we have gotten the two
most important points in the production of extracted honey.
J. K. Williamson — Several years ago I put about 30
Carniolan queens into the apiary for Mr. Wheeler. My
partner and I afterwards bought that apiary. The Carnio-
lan queens, perhaps, were mostly superseded before we
bought it, but the nearest Carniolans in the apiary after we
got it were the bees that brought in the biggest amount of
honey.

H. H. Moe — I would like to ask Mr. Benton how many
queens he rears out of a good, strong colony — how many
cells does he start ?

Frank Benton — Well, I sometimes start 100 in a colony
to get good, well-developed queens. I have seen in the
hives of some of these Eastern races of bees, where they
had prepared sometimes as high as 250 cells, nearly all pro-
ducing well-developed queens. It is a mistaken idea to
suppose a large number could not develop. Simply because
our Italians and blacks do not produce a large number is no
reason why we should not get them. I do not hesitate to
rear anywhere from SO to 100. I would not hesitate to rear
200 if I had a powerful colony.

Mr. Hyde — My views are the same. We have at pres-
ent five or six different strains, and we try to find out which
are the best for all purposes. Cyprians are good bees for
honey, but we can not stand the temper. Our men do not
like to work where they are liable to be stung so often. We
have decided to use nothing but Holy Land bees for our
purposes.

Frank Benton — I may say I spent a good many days in
apiaries in Palestine, and at the same time I had an apiary
of over 200 colonies in Cyprus, and worked most of the time
handling these bees with perfect impunity, while in Pales-
tine I had to use clouds of smoke. Now, Syrian bees and
bees of Palestine differ very much, and in the first importa-
tions brought to this country, in 1880, these two races were
mixed, badly mixed, and the term " Holy Land " now covers
them both. They differ considerably, and in temper are
far inferior to the Cyprians. An occasional Cyprian col-
ony shows as bad temper as a large number of bees of Pal-
estine, but, all in all, the Cyprians are decidedly better
tempered than these Holy Land bees. Where that does not
hold good, the Cyprians have become hybridized, and like-
wise the Holy Lands, and this has brought in the gentle
element. I have tested that.

Mr. Hyde — I would like to say that Mr. Benton must
have gotten his from a different source than that from
which we got ours. They are very gentle bees. I think
they are as gentle as Italians ; that is, pure Holy Land
bees. I am not talking about something mixed up with
Cyprians.

Mr. Benton — I think you got them from Mr. Balden-
sperger, in Jerusalem. That is where I established an api-
ary myself — that very apiary. Further, I have had con-
stant experience with these bees for years, and I have been
in his apiary and traveled near them, and moved all their
colonies, some 600. They were supplied to me all the time
I was in the East, afterwards when I was in Munich, Ger-
many. It is just possible that you got a gentle type of that
bee. By the side of it you may get fierce ones. The same
thing may occur, perhaps, with the Cyprian, though, per-
haps, in four cases out of five you will get rather easily
managed ones, while, in the fifth, rather fierce ones.

Mr. Hyde — I would like to say that I got ray stock of
Cyprians from Mr. Benton 1 [Laughter.]

Mr. Delano — I had 200 colonies- in one location and
decided to move half away. The 100 I moved away were so
cross all that season that I could not go near them, nor any

constant type could be established, and I find that is pref- » one else, unless fully prepared to do so. while the others in

Oct. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

663

another location were not cross. Why was it ? These were
all reared from the same queens. I think the blood has
nothing' to do with it.

Frank McNay — I think there is a good deal in location.
I have had the same experience as Mr. Delano. We moved
a portion of the apiary a number of miles away, and they
were so cross all the time they were there it was almost im-
possible to handle them. On returning them to the same
apiary they were as gentle as the others. I think the loca-
tion has a great deal to do with it.

A Member — My question was, Is it not always the case
that an apiary that is moved to a new location is generally
cross for awhile, or for the whole season ?

Mr. Mclntyre — Not always. If they are getting plenty
of honey they will soon get over their crossness. Generally,
when I move it is when they have plenty of honey, and they
soon get over their crossness.

Mr. Andrews — That has been my experience, exactly.
After the oranges gave out this year my son and I moved
150 right over to the buckwheat fields. They began work-
ing right away, and 82 we had in one place were moved
twice, and they were better-natured than when working in
the orange tlow, only a few miles move. But if they are
not getting much honey, and it is hard to get what little
they do get, it is very likely they will become cross.

Mr. Corey — I don't think Mr. Mendleson's bees stay in
one place long enough.

(Continued next week.)

Contributed Articles

Putting Back Supers After Extracting.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Will you kindly pardon me for asking a question in regard to
bees cleaning out the supers after extracting? I have read in your
writings (I think it was in the American Bee Journal) that you give the
combs, after extracting, in the care of the bees until cool weather comes
and the time of storing them away. I tried that way last fall, and
when I took them oS I found some honey in every frame, and a great
many of the empty cells sealed over. I run the combs through the
extractor again and gave them back to the bees, but they failed to
empty them. They would store what honey they found right in those
cells, and I had to store them as they were. Some of the honey granu-
lated, and in spring some of the honey was sour. I had to use them
as they were, and I fear that I will have honey that will not keep. — .J.
S. Haag, of Iowa.

We have had one or two experiences of that kind — just
enough to know that those things rarely happen. You have
evidently extracted your honey before the crop was fully
ended, and the hives must have been very full. If the colo-
nies are supplied with all the combs that they can possibly
fill, they will not put so much honey in the hive-body that
they have no room for the very last few pounds that are
harvested. A point may even be reached when it will be
necessary to crowd them for space in order to get them to
place enough honey in the body for an abundant winter
supply. But if the crop is long protracted, and the weather
is warm, the colony strong in bees, and heavy with stores,
the l)ees will often ascend in those supers and stay there. It
becomes necessary, when removing the supers for winter,
to brush or drive almost the entire colony out of those
supers. This may be avoided by extracting late, say a
few days after the first frost.

Then, in putting the combs back, do not place the su-
pers directly over the uncovered brood-chamber, but use the
enamel cloth, if you use one. or a perforated honey-board,
or a burlap cover, between the supers and the hive-body,
leaving just enough space so that they may go back and
forth. This partition will make them feel that the supers
are too remote from their brood to stay on them, and they
will carry the honey down, if there is any room at all to
place it.

The amount of honey left in the supers after extracting,
if it has been properly done, should be very insignificant,
and ought to find a place in the hive-body without any diffi-
culty.

As to the bees sealing empty cells, we have seen that
also ; it is a freak for which it is difficult to account. They
may do it because they have an excess of broken fragments

of wax which they dislike to throw away, but in an experi-
ence of some 35 years, we have seen this but once or twice.

The fact that honey, which is left sticking to the combs
after the extraction, is apt to sour is our reason for putting
all the supers back on the hive at all times after extracting.
There are many people who do not follow this practice, but
who retain their supers, with the honey sticking to them
just as they are after extracting, until the following spring.
In a discussion of this matter in the Revue Internationale,
of Geneva, it was found that the opinions were about equally
divided on the subject, and those who did not return the
supers to the hives held that the honey kept just as well in
that condition as if it was gathered up by the bees. Per-
haps there is a difference owing to the climate. In theMis-
sissippi Valley we have very changeable temperature, and
even late in the fall we may have weather favorable to the
development of fermentation. Besides, during our damp
weather the honey that is spread over the surface of those
combs becomes watery, and much more liable to the effect
of fermentation germs.

To remedy the trouble mentioned, I would recommend
that you extract your honey after the first frost, and if the
colony is strong, separate the brood-chamber from the upper
story, as mentioned above. I would not under any consider-
ation follow the methods of some apiarists, who put the
combs out in the open air for the bees to clean. It teaches
the bees to rob, and when the combs are not where all the
bees can get at them, they tear them up mercilessly in their
haste to get the honey away. Robbing bees are as unrea-
sonable and merciless as human robbers.

If the extracting is done too late, and the bees have no
warm weather to enable them to occupy the supers suffi-
ciently, the conditions will be still more unfavorable. In
this locality we are successful in getting our combs all
nicely cleaned before cold weather, if the extracting is done
I early in October, and the supers returned the same evening.
Usually within two days all will be in order. Yet we do not
remove the supers until November, because we have once
or twice noticed some moth-growth in combs that were too
early taken away from the bees. If the combs are kept in
a cold room — that is, a room without fire from November till
May — there will be no moth in them. The cold weather
evidently destroys the moth in whatever stage they may be.

A CROP-REPORT ERROR — TIME TO STOP.

A clerical error crept in my article on page 518. I re-
ported a crop of 200 pounds per colony, and either the type-
writer or the typesetter made it out 300 pounds. The crop
was large enough with the true figures, and I only wish we
could have such crops a little of tener.

In his three-column reply to me, Mr. Arthur C. Miller ac-
cuses me of resorting to " sophistry." When in an argument
one of the contestants advances unpleasant epithets against
his adversary, it is time to stop. Honey too much diluted
changes to vinegar. Hancock Co., 111.

Handling the Larvae and Royal Jelly in the
Doolittle Method of Rearing Queens.

BY A. C. F. HARTZ.

MANY of the readers of this journal undoubtedly remem-
ber the fierce queen-rearing battle which took place in
these columns between the queen-breeders and some
of the contributors in general, and many and heavy were
the shots fired from either direction, and some very impor-
tant questions were settled for ever, if I am not mistaken.

But " not by a long shot " do I believe the queen-rearing
question entirely settled. The umbilical-cord theory was
pronounced nonsense, proved to be such, and disposed of.
But there are other questions still unsettled, and it is for
that reason I venture to take up the matter anew in these
columns, if the editor permits me to do so, and I believe he
will, for he himself is of the opinion that the queen-bee is
is the "main spoke in the wheel," or, in other words, the
foundation of a colony of bees.

Mr. Alley says, in part, let us have a quiet discussion
on queen-rearing. All right, Mr. Alley, here we go !

I believe it is now accepted in general that naturally-
reared queens are the best ones obtainable, but are believed
to be too expensive, and the supply so inadequate to the de-
mand, and consequently artificial means have been resorted
to.

Now, there are two principal artificial queen-rearing
methods before the beekeeping public, viz. : — the Doolittle

664

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLhl>AC.

Oct. 15, 1903.

and the Alley. Not knowing very much about the Alley
method, I shall contine my discussion principally to the
Doolittle plan now.

The practitioners of the Doolittle method know it is
necessary to dip royal jelly from one queen-cell to another,
also to transfer the larva; for the queens. And also know-
ing that some of the so-reared queens, or a good many of
them, do not come up to the standard or expectations, I be-
lieve I found the cause of this short-coming the past season.

Last summer, in June (I do not exactly remember the
date, but it matters not), I took some queen-cells and a piece
of comb with larva; into the house, as the day was rather
cool, and it being noontime there was a good fire in the
kitchen. I thought I would rather transfer the larvaj and
fix all up there, for the temperature was high, at least 9S
degrees F. I put the piece of brood to be used into my
clothes, next to my body, to keep it warm, but the queen-
cells containing the royal jelly I was not so careful with,
but cut them out and carried them in my hands to the house,
laid them on the table, and went to work at once dividing
the jelly, and putting a portion into each respective cell-cup,
a /a Doolittle ; when, after I was done with the job, I took
the piece of comb containing the larva;, that I had kept in
my clothing until then, shaved the cells down as directed
by Mr. Doolittle, picked up the spoon I had used in trans-
ferring the jelly (which I had made expressly for the pur-
pose out of hard maple, one end of which I had made into
a curved toothpick, for picking the lava; out of the bottom
of the cells), when, for some reason I do not know, I touched
iny lips with the spoon I had previously used for transfer-
ring the jelly, and which was yet wet therefrom— why, it
felt as cold as ice !

At once it dawned upon me why some of the queens
reared by this method are inferior, for, if the temperature
of the jelly sinks below that of the atmosphere surrounding
it, which it surely does, it is no wonder that some of the
little larva? produce poor queens after receiving such a "cold
bath " as they would have had in this case had I not discov-
ered the rapid cooling off of the jelly. But mind, it takes a
lot of heating in order to raise the temperature of the jelly
in the wax-cups to a normal one again. And, therefore, I
would caution the beginner to be very careful, if using the
method in question, lest he have some poor queens, although
it may be a success in the hands of an expert.

I, for one, am in favor of having the queen put the eggs
for the queens in the cell-cups herself, without my touching
them at all, as the experience I had last summer proves it is
a very dangerous thing to do. It seems to me something
like taking a half-hatched chicken out of its shell, holding
it in my hand awhile, and then putting it back again and
closing up the egg and allowing the chick to hatch. I won-
der if it would be as strong as if I had never taken it out 1
I hear some one say, "Oh, well, a queen-larva is no
chicken." I know it is not, but both are alike in some
respects, at least, and that is in this : They both require the
natural course for development, and experiments made show
that the temperature of a colony of bees varies but little,
however extreme the atmosphere surrounding it may be ;
consequently, it seems to me that a larva of such tender age
can scarcely stand the radical change of temperature to
which it is subjected to in the transferring process. It also
seems possible that by making some improvements and
short cuts a much larger percentage of queens can be reared
under the swarming impluse than has been done heretofore.

Some of the readers of the American Bee Journal un-
doubtedly remember me telling about cutting a brood-comb
about half way through the middle and placing the same in
a colony preparing to swarm, for the purpose of getting
queen-cells built on the lower edge of the comb. L,ast sum-
mer I tried cutting only about two inches off the bottom of
the comb, and inserted a stick with dipped cups, a la Doo-
little, except dipping the entire stick into melted wax, and
found the queens to lay promptly in them. But I believe if
one would go to the trouble and take away the brood-combs
from a colony intending to swarm, and insert several — say
three or four combs with queen-cell cups — the queen would
lay in them in such rapid succession that nearly all of them
would hatch at the same time.

Now, in order that I may not use too much space, I will
close and let the other folks have their say.

Chippewa Co., Wis.

[ Our Bee-Keepins Ststers |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Queen-Rearing-— Feeding Bees— Other Questions

Queenie Jeanette is the title of a pretty song in sheet
music size, written by J. C. Wallenmeyer, a musical bee-
keeper. The regular price is 40 cents, but to close out the
copies we have left, we will mail them at 20 cents each, as
long as they last.

I launched my canoe into queen-rearing recently, and
was utterly smashed on submarine snags not yet discovered.
Help ! help 1

I have a "select-tested" queen ' from a well-known
breeder, and her bees are a beautiful yellow, but so small
(not more than three-fourths as large as my big, brown bees)
that I hesitated to rear queens from her ; but I tried, any-
way.

I used two Danzenbaker hive-bodies with excluder be-
tween, the lower one containing the queen and her brood,
the upper one 10 frames of brood from other colonies. I let
this stand eight days, then removed the queen and all
frames from below, but left almost all the bees. I put 3
frames of young brood and eggs from an Italian queen in
the center of the upper story, putting below frames taken
from there.

Ten days from removal of queen, just as I was about to
go around and break up this colony into nuclei (after spend-
ing about a week sawing and nailing on nucleus hives), this
colony swarmed. This was Aug. 24. On examining the
3 frames given, I found about 12 or IS little sealed cells, the
most insignificant I have ever seen, some indeed barely
larger than drone-cells, varying to about an inch in length,
and about the size of a lead-pencil around, not one of which
I'd think of using. Now, several frames distant, in the
same story, there were two splendid cells, out of which
queens evidently had emerged. I put those on frames of
brood from a black queen given over the excluder eight days
before removal of queen.

So endeth effort No. 1.

The following is trial No. 2 : I removed the Italian
queen and shook nearly all bees from an upper story (which
was the one containing brood) of another colony into the
hive out of which she came, and the nest day I shook nearly
all the bees from another strong colony into this hive, for I
did not feel sure I had enough young bees (of course, the
queens were temporarily removed while shaking was in
progress). Although goldenrod was still in bloom, on the
third day I fed about three-fourths of a quart of extracted
honey because the weather turned cool and cloudy, and con-
tinued so for several days.

Now, on the day for forming nuclei, on looking in the
hive, I found the same kind of tiny little cells as before.
Failure again !

Now for questions :

1. In my first attempt, do you think those bees started
out with the idea of superseding their queen, and after-
wards found themselves crowded, and decided to swarm ?

2. What is the reason the bees would not make larger
cells ? Do you think the queen, whose bees are so small, is
at fault, or have I simply " bungled ?" (Don't hesitate to
say so — it is not the first time.)

3. Is extracted honey fed without thinning?

4. Why must feeding be done early ? Can't the bees
ripen honey if the weather is such that they can fly ? In
this locality there are not many weeks, or even days, in
which they can not fly.

5. In wintering out-doors, would entrance-blocks be any
advantage ? My hives have an inch across the entire front.

6. Last fall I stupidly left a super containing 10 sec-
tions of drawn comb on a hive during fruit-bloom ; these
sections were filled (no other hive had supers then). Now,
next spring, if I add supers underneath each colony would
the bees store in them if there is any surplus ? (Fruit blooms
in March and April, and I don't care to disturb sealed cov-
ers.) Would it interfere in any way with brood-rearing ?

7. Why should hives be exactly level if frames are not
loose-hanging?

8. If brood in the same comb hatch into both yellow and
dark bees, does it indicate the queen has been impurely
mated ?

9. Does not hanging out frames for bees to rob cause
robbing when not desired ?

10. Where does Miss Wilson get her buckskin gloves ?
and at what price 7

Oct. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

665

I want to hear from the sister about those asbestos
gloves, too. Mrs. C. D. Mkars.

Princess Anne Co., Va.

Answers. — 1. Those bees, no doubt, thoug-ht themselves
queenless. When brood is placed over an excluder it is not
an uncommon thing for bees to start cells. You should
have examined the frames and killed all cells at the time
you gave the brood from which you wished your queens
reared.

2. Now about those small cells, they may, or may not,
have been worthless. When queen-cells are started, not on
the edge but in the center of the comb, they appear much
smaller, often being so flat to the comb as almost to escape
detection, and yet good queens may emerge from those same
cells.

3. Not usually.

4. In Virginia it does not make so much difference as
farther north, still it would be better to feed when the
weather was warmer than just warm enough for bees to fly.

5. It is possible that a smaller opening might be better.

6. They would not be as likely to store in them as if
they were placed over the brood-nest. But it would do no
harm to try, unless it might be to soil your sections. It
would not interfere with brood-rearing.

7. The hive should be level from side to side, not neces-
sarily from front to rear. If not level from side to side the
combs will not be built in the center of the frames, and
there will be the same trouble in the sections.

8. Either there is impure blood in the queen or she has
been impurely mated.

9. It may, if care is not used.

10. I got them at one of our stores in Marengo, but have
never been able to get another pair like them. I paid $1.00
for them.

I, too, am anxious to hear more about those asbestos
gloves.

I Hasty's Afterthoughts )

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Llnreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

QUEEN COMPELLED TO CEASE LAYING.

In the case of a queen compelled to cease laying, and the
question whether there is any such compulsion — with its
presumptive harms — the probabilities rather look on your
side, dear Boss. Page 547.

GLYCERINE CANDY FOR QUEENS.

Had I turned my guessing machine betimes on J. P.
Moore's glycerine candy for queens, I should have guessed
that it would poison every mother's daughter of them.
Nevertheless, success is a very successful article ; and after
his experience I'll only demand a little verification. Don't
go it too strong till others also have found glycerine harm-
less. Page 547.

CELL-CUTTING TO CONTROL SWARMING.

My Afterthink on the plan of controlling swarming by
persistant cell-cutting, is that sometimes it would be quite
satisfactory, and sometimes quite unsatisfactory. But
hunting cells in overcrowded hives is not pleasant work ;
and the amount of time required at it will, I think, cause
the operator to quit it after a bit, wherever the number of
hives involved is more than a dozen. Meekly ready to be
informed and corrected by the man whc has run 50 colonies
through the season that way. Page 547.

1000 POUNDS TO ONE COLONY — PROVE IT I

And now, behold, so reputable a boy as E. S. Lovesy
throws his hat into the charmed record ring of 1000 pounds
to one colony ! I believe a running-at-large impression
afflicts a good many of us that 1000 pounds per colony has
never been properly proved up yet. Page 548.

TWO DIFFERENT APIARIES.

We will agree with Mr. Wilmon Newell, of the Texas
experimental apiary, that running a private apiary for
gain and running a public apiary for information are two
very different propositions. Page 548.

SHOWER-KATHINO A Qi;EEN BEFORE INTRODUCING.

So it is for the purpose of catching the queen that
Adrian Getax wets her down. Shower-bath. Is it not true
that man — bee-keeping man — has "sought out many in-
ventions ? " It makes two operations in place of one in
catching a queen, and some of us would manage to bungle
both of them — douse the water in such a way as to knock to
unforeseen regions a bunch of bees, queen and all. Espe-
cially the wide-awake queen dodging back and forth around
a bottom corner of the frame is likely to be a difficult sub-
ject for water-bath. Still, with all the rebates, the resource
looks like a simple and useful one for some hands to use.
Worth some trial from us all, perhaps. Page 550.

CAPTURED BY A "SISTER."

He didn't know enough to take to the tall timber when
the bees chased him home, and the " sister " came and cap-
tured him the second time for hiving purposes. For partic-
ulars, see page 551.

BEES, UNLIKE DOCTORS, KILL THEIR PATIENTS SOONER.

Tliat colony, page 553, which kills about a pint of its
own bees every once in a while, I'll guess it is to cure some
disease — paralysis, perhaps. The bee's infallible remedy for
diseafie is to kill the patient and lug him out. Often, I
think, they fail to live entirely up to their doctrine ; but
that is the ideal. Human doctors wouldn't like it- — makes
the case too short for an exemplary fee.

INTRODUCING WETTED QUEENS IN FRANCE.

So wetting the queen when introducing her is well be-
spoken by an apiarist over in France. Whatever of hostil-
ity the queen brings upon herself by impudent conduct, will
evidently be obviated (or, at least, postponed) by a good wet-
ting. I have oft suspected that the queen was to blame
herself in very many cases. Page 557.

CARBOLIC ACID AS AN APIFUGE.

" Powerful strong " an apifuge must be to drive the
bees out of a super in a few minutes merely by the vapor
from a wet rag, and no forced current of air. As it is no
more surprising than some other things that are told of car-
bolic acid, we must not assume that it will not work until
we have seen it tried. Page 557.

TESTS FOR PREVENTION OF GRANULATION.

I feel quite interested in the Texas experiment of bot-
tling honey at different temperatures. 150 degrees to 180 de-
grees, in comparison with a bottle neither heated nor sealed.
But it will take three years to gather all the fruits. Al-
ready some fruit — the unheated granulated in less than
three months while none of the other samples did so. The
first examination at six months is past, and the two judges
report the 150-degree sample much better than the high
temperatures, and perceptibly better than those next to it.
The 180 degrees was called quite objectionable. I should
not have expected so pronounced results. Wonder if " per-
sonal equation," as the astronomers say, didn't have some-
thing to do with it. I would suggest that next time they
capture some assistant judges who shall not be allowed to
know " tother from which " as to the samples. Page 564.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

3

Wintering Bees— Moving Bees in Summer.

1. I have 1 colony that I captured while swarming .July 10. They
are in a 10-frame box-hive, and are working early and late, having ij
frames full of something. What are my first and last duties to have
these bees in working order for the next spring* I have the super
with starters for the hive, hut they are not on the hive.

2. Prof. Cook speaks about not allowing bees to breed after Sep-
tember. How do you prevent this *

3. During the busy season are all the bees supposed to be in the
hive at night? If so, why would it not be safe to move a hive *

Missouri.
Answers. — 1. Perhaps your first duty is to see that there is no
lack of stores for winter, for if only six frames have been filled there

666

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. IS. 1903.

may be a questioQ as to winter supplies. Your next, and perhaps
your last duty, is to study up carefully your bee-book, and then try to
put in practice its teachings.

2. The matter is not much under your control, except that you
should do nothing to encourage brood-rearing. If any feeding is
necessary, let it be done rapidly, for slow daily feeding after the man-
ner of a natural honey-dow has some tendency to start breeding.

3. With rare exceptions, like all virtuous maidens, worker-bees
are expected to spend their nights at home. But that has nothing to
do with the question of moving, for if you move them a short distance
at night all the field-force will return to the old spot the very first time j
they return from the fields.

the climate make the difference? Answering your question directly, I
may say that in this country the Italians are so superior to the blacks
as honey-gatherers, th,it even if the Italians should be more inclined
to swarming (I wish we had a single word in our language to express
that, like the German word schwarnilusiig) ^ I should still prefer the
Italians on account of their superiority in other respects.

Core-Cobs for Smoker-Fuel.

I often see fuel for smokers mentioned, but never my favorite.
Did you ever try it, corn-cobs broken up with a hammer ? Try soft,
pithy ones first. After a few trials you can select your fuel and break
fine or coarse to suit your purpose. Pennsti.vania.

Answer. — Yes, indeed; among the many things I have tried for
smoker-fuel I have used quite a few corn-cobs. The matterof smoker-
fuel is largely one of convenience. For some time the most conven-
ient thing for me has been dry chips from the chip-pile, gathered on
dry days and kept under .shelter. It isn't at all certain, however, that
something else may not take their place next year. The chips need
no preparation, and make an excellent smoke.

Position of the Winter Stores.

I am a Ijeginuer in bee-keeping. This is my first experience and
season. I have 3 colonies in S-frame chaff-hives, with shallow ex-
tracting-frames on them. The bees have the supers quite well filled,
but very little in the brood-body. Will they carry it dowQ before cold
weather, or will they winter ia the super where the honey is?

Don't the bees have to have their winter stores in their brood-nest
to winter without loss? Is it best for me to get the honey down in
the brood-nest; If so, how shall I proceed to do it?

I have looked all over my text-books and bee-papers, but so far I
have been unable to find the information I want.

I want to winter the bees out-doors, and as they have little in the
brood-nest, and honey above, it worries me as to whether they will
winter this way. Michigan.

Answer. — The bees must winter where their stores are, and the
great probability is that they will have stores all right in the brood-
combs. It is quite possible that the bees have more in the brood-
combs than you suppose, if you have not looked at them very lately,
for when brood-rearing begins to cease all they gather will go into the
brood-chamber. If vacant cells are still left below, the bees will carry
down honey from the super. It occasionally happens that the colony
may settle in the super for their winter quarters, but that is not likely
to happen.

•* • *•

The Use of Formaldehyde.

I read the interesting article by R. L. Taylor, on page 503; also
another article by (i. W. Haines, page 536, in Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture, on formaldehyde for curing black brood. Now, I would ask :

1. Can full, capped extracting combs be disinfected by the pro-
cess of closing them up in an air-tight box or cupboard aud fumigat-
ing ihem with formaldehyde ?

2. Foundation also, when it gives suspicion of being infected,
may it be disinfected then?

3. What do the bee-keepers in America think of formaldehyde as
a cure for black brood i

4. I think by this time there may have been invented a machine
by which formaldehyde is made directly by metilic alcohol (in Italian
alcohol metilico.) Italy.

Answers.— 1. I wish I might say to our good friend in Italy that
there is do doubt as to the efficacy of formaldehyde. Tests have been
made, seeming to show that formaldehyde fumes utterly destroy foul-
brood spores in honey fully capped ; yet a few have reported adversely.
At present we do not really know yet whether to depend upon the
drug or not in case of fully sealed combs.

-'. There is probably little doubt as to success with foundation.

3. It is probably just as reliable with blacli brood as with foul
brood.

4. That may be in the future. Possibly in Italy j'ou may get
ahead ol us.

Bees for Non-Swarming.

In your book, " Forty Years Among the Bees," you say that you
work toward a non-swarming strain of bees. Why do you say nothing
about black bees? The blacks are less inclined to swarm than Ital-
ians. Switzerland.

Answer. — The above comes from an esteemed German bee-keeper
across the water, and it is quite possible that if I lived in Germany or
Switzerland, I might pay close attention to black bees. There are
good bee-keepers there who say the Italians are not so good as the
natives, and I have wondered no little why there should be such a
difference of opinion in the two countries. Is it possible that you
have a better strain of blacks than we have in this country, or does

Loss of Queens in Introducing.

I have tried to introduce an Italian queen in one of my colonies,
which they did not accept. I found the queen a day later in front of
the hive dead, so I thought I would try again, and bought two more
queens. I tried the second one; I left her in the cage three days, and
then took off the pasteboard and let them eat out the candy, which
took another 24 hours. I looked in 4 days afterwards, and there I
found the dead queen in front of the hive, and also the third one the
same way. What is the reason they do not accept the queens, as I
had destoyed all the queen-cells? Will it be time enough yet for them
to rear a queen if I put in a frame of brood, and they have no drones
in the hives? or will they rear their own queen? Pennsylvania.

Answer. — It's hard to tell just what the trouble was. In almost
any plan of introducing there will sometimes be failures; one case
failing where a number succeed, and you can't tell that you've done a
thing different in the onecase — it just seems like pure contrariness on
the part of the bees. Probably the best thing is to unite the bees with
other colonies.

*-.-*

Preparing Bees for Winter— Using the Bingham Honey-
Knife.

1. I have 54 colonies of bees, and want to prepare them for winter.
The hives have plain board covers, and some are old and may leak
when the rainy season sets in. Would you advise me to put ducking
under the cover to keep out the rain and cold? If so, what weight
should I get? and would it be advisable to give it a coat of oil to make
it waterproof?

2. Is there anything else I could use that would be better than
duckmg? You understand, I wish to keep the expense down as low
as possible.

3. Would it hurt the bees if they should get wet, on account of
the cover leaking*

4. In using the Bingham uncapping-knife. is it proper to use the
beveled side or the smooth side of the blade next to the comb? I
haveiseen it used both ways. California.

Answers. — 1. Don't do it; if the rain gets through the cover it
will not help to have something inside to hold the moisture.

2. The cover of a hive is a poor place to economize. But the
thing to do is not to have something inside, but outside the leaky
cover. Perhaps shingles, shooks, or cheap boards.

3. Yes, indeed.

4. I don't know. I wish several would tell us their preference,
or whether they use both ways. [Perhaps Mr. Bingham will give the
right way to use his knife. We used the bevel edge on the comb. —
Editor.]

Honey-Plants for Louisiana— Red Clover Queens.

1. What is the best honey-plant that will grow in Louisiana?

2. When planted and how cultivated on high land?

3. Will California sage and catnip grow on Louisiana high lands?

4. By introducing red clover queens now in colonies that will
work up to November 15, 1903 (as it never gets cold here before that
time of the year), when will the queens begin laying, and when can I
expect swarming from the same colonies?

5. Is cotton and Lespedesia (a species of clover) honey-plants of
any consequence? There are miles of it around here.

Louisiana.
Answers.— 1 and 2. I don't know, and hopefully refer the ques-
tion to some of our Louisiana friends.

3. I must also refer this question, venturing the guess that catnip
would succeed, but not the wild sages.

4. If introduced at> any time before colonies in general cease
brood-rearing, you may expect her to begin laying within a week of
introduction ; and you may expect swarmmg next season at the usual
time for other colonies to swarm. If it be your object to have the
colony swarm as early as possible, you can hasten matters by exchang-
ing combs of brood with other colonies, swapping sealed for unsealed
brood.

5. Again I must refer this question. You can decide the question
yourself by a little watching when the plants are in bloom.

A Beginner's Questions.

I wish information on some points that I do not find in the books.

1. What stock of bees is the one I enclo.se you? I have one large
colony of these.

2. What is the average life of a colony, or the worker-bee?

3. When the bees are quieted with cold is it all right to lift frames
out to examine for the queen?

4. What make of hives is the best for a Ijcginner to have?

5. Is it not best to have the hives set up on legs about 6 inches
high, and to keep the legs saturated with kerosene so as to keep away

Oct. 15, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

667

the moths, mice, ants, etc. ? I have had my hive that way ever since
the first of .luly, and cannot tinii a single pest in the hive.

S). For winter (Quarters would it be all right to put a dry-tjoods
box over the hive, with a small opening?

The two bees I enclose you were dragged oat of the hive and
dropped on the ground. Missouiti.

Answers. — 1. It is not easy to identify specimens mashed in the
mail, but I thinlc they are what are called hybrid-Italians, a cross be-
tween Italians and blacks.

2. I don't know what the average life of a colony is. Badly man-
aged it may not live a year ; rightly managed it is a permanent insti-

tution. The life of a worker-bee averages something like six weeks in
the busy season ; during the idle time of the year several months.

3. No, don't disturb a colony it you can help it, unless it is warm
enough for bees to fly.

4. The same make that hell continue to use after he gets over be-
ing a beginner. Perhaps there's nothing better than the dovetailed,
but tastes and opinions differ.

.'), In some places that is worth while on account of ants; it
wouldn't be worth while here. Legs don't keep moths out; hardly
mice.

6. Yes.

PtTBLISHBD WE^'IKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK H COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

Entered at the Post-OfBce at Chicajroas Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS.

Dr.C.C.Millkr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

SnbscriptlOD Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
tplication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, S1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary- George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. UoTcHi.N-soN-, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwei.v, Saa Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. HAaiBAUGH, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 1''

J|^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, at the office of the American
Bee Journal.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

1

Onion for Bee-Stings.

Mr. Hasty, page 584, " Can't swallow
the onion." Perhaps if he would try a
few doses he might not be so " hasty "
to condemn it. I am confident that a
raw onion sliced and rubbed freely on
the sting has saved me the discomfort
of a badly swollen face. If bee-stings
do not swell on you, try it on some one
where they do. Wm. R. Maktin.

Washington Co., Pa.

An Aster— Hive Preferences.

I enclose a flovver upon which the
bees are working with great energy.
Will you kindly give its name?

While we have a great abundance of
golden-rod bloom I never see the bees
or any honey-gathering insects work-
ing upon it ; neither does heartsease
yield honey in this locality.

I have the book " Forty Years Among
the Bees," and have enjoyed it very
much, and have been very much prof-
ited by its contents.

I winter my bees out-of-doors, using
the Danzenbaker hives. I think our
preferences for hives rests upon the
same foundation as a mother's affec-
tion for her children — her own babies
are always the best. This preference
for " our own " seems very deeply em-
bedded in Nature.

W. P. HOGARTY.

Wyandotte Co., Kans., Sept. 28.

[The plant referred to is an aster.
The aster season includes September,
October, and November, and during
this period many varieties of this
rather abundant and wide-spread
honey-producing plant are in bloom.
In many localities the entire winter
supply is obtained from the asters and
allied plants of the Composite family.
— C. L. Walton.]

Bee-Keeping in Arizona.

So far the honey crop is about the
average ; I have about 70 pounds per
colony, but the bees are still storing
from sunflower and alfalfa, and a kind
of willow that grows along the river
and irrigating ditches.

Sept. 10, we had a pleasant call from
Mr. A. I. Root, who was on his way
home from the Los Angeles conven-
vention, which call was very much ap-
preciated by us bee-keepers ; only lie
did not stay long enough to see all the
bee-keepers of the Valley. I was just
finishing up the third extracting the
day he came, and he seemed surprised
because I was extracting so late, but

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Illinois.— The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in the Court House, in Kockford, 111., Tuesday
and Wednesday, Oct. 20 aud 21, l'W3. A good
program is being prepared, and all interested
in bees are invited to attend.

Cherry Valley, 111. B. Kennedy, Sec.

Connecticut.— The Connecticut Uee-Keepers'

Association will hold their fall meeting in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4. All bee-keepers
are cordially invited to attend. For full in-
formation, write the Secretary.

Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertown, Conn.

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made of platina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected Ijy the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
form >vidlh at all times
they are unequaled for
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new subscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with §2.0ti ; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

i^^' GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111

BOYS

WE WAHT WORKERS

Boys, QlrlB, oldandyountf alikw,

make money working for us.

We famUh CApit&l to start y no iti bogi-

.^^ Send 01 lOo itkiopaor itlTer for fall Instruction! And a line of

impUitoworkwiib. URAPER PUBLISHING CO..Chlc«£o.lll,

f lease meutiou Bee Journal "wlieii "writins.

668

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 15, 1903.

those same bees are ready to extract
again. We have had a fine fall so far,
and if it will only stay warm we will
get considerable honey yet. We have
run about 436 colonies for extracted
honey this season, and 183 for comb
honey. We have had the comb-honey
bees in two apiaries, and the ones for
extracted honey in four different yards.

Early in March we moved 180 colo-
nies aljout 10 miles to a heavy mesquite
timber, and they gathered about 700
gallons of nice honey from that source.
The mesquite commences to bloom
about June 20, and lasts until July 15.
Then we moved the bees back to the
Valley, and have had two good extract-
ings from them, and will get one more
extracting, which, I think, has paid us
very well for our work, as that honey
comes much earlier than the honey
from alfalfa in the Valley. We got
our extra extractings out of those we
moved, and would have had a great
deal more honey if it had not been for
paralysis, which affected 81 colonies
quite badly, and they did not gather
very much honey from the mesquite.
I have the bees now in apparently
healthy condition, but of course it may
return in the spring ; if it does not, I
will report ray treatment.

W. D. Jefferson.

Graham Co., Ariz., Sept. 26.

c

Beedom Boiled Down

J

Honey for Rheumatism.

It is said that a certain lord found so
much benefit from the use of the fol-
lowing mixture for rheumatism that
he paid his physician /:300 for the
privilege of making it generally known,
pro bono publico :

Recipe: — Sulphur, 1 oz.; cream of
tartar, 1 oz.; rhubarb, ;i oz.; gum
guiacum, 1 drachm ; honey, 16 oz. A
tablespoonful night and morning in a
tumblerful of white wine and hot
water.

This mixture is called " Chelsea Pen-
sioner," and a man of my acquaintance
having tried the same has been bene-
fited.—John Browning, in British Bee
Journal.

Be Careful With Horses Around Bees.

Below is given a graphic account of
the trouble one of our Canadian friends
had through trying to make a combina-
tion of bees and horses. It will serve
a good purpose if it warns some one of
little experience in that line, so that he
may avoid a like disaster. Some of us
are looking forward hopefully to the
time when we can have " horses " im-
mune to bee-stings — in other words,
when automobiles shall become so com-
mon and reduced in price that they
will be cheaper than horses.

BKES -\nd horses— a bad combina-
tion AT too CI,0SK yUARTBRS.

A few days ago it became necessary
to draw in some grain from along-side
of the home apiary of some 160 colo-
nies. ^The bees were working hard at

Thousands of Hives -llilliODs of Sections

Ready for Prompt Shipment.

We are not sellid^ eoods on NAME ONLY, but on their quality.

In addition to the many car-loads we are shipping to all parts of the United States, we have just

made one shipment of live car-loads to England.

G. B. LEHIS CO., Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Please mention Bee journal wnen ^v^tn^g

RUBE'S SURPRISE.

Well, I'll Be Bumped!

I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer. Here I

could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved

all this freight I've been throwing away and got my goods

cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order

sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at

their factory prices, gest as they said.

A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.

GRIGGS BROS., ■ "[Q'-^^Q' Q^j^'Q- 1

J

EVERY YEAR WE TRY

to Improve the qiialitv, i)racticabillty und utility
of Pa^'e Fence, and we belh-ve we suocepfl.
PAtit: >V()VKN WlUK FKN(E CO., Adrian, MioU.
Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writinp

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the first 85 yon

take in to start you in a good paying buei-

Send 10 cents for full lice of samples

and directions bow to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISUINQ CO.. Chicago, lilt.

5

The Emerson BiDder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no fnrther binding is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILIi.

Please Metitiou Bee Journal
when writing, advertisers.

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on
the cash basis, in buying or selling.

Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their
factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.

C. H.W.WEBER

2146.48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^Vo'ilkiXZ^

This foundatioa is made by a process that produces the superior of any. It is the cleanest
and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, because it
has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than
any other make.

WorkiDg Tfax into Foundation for Casli a, Specialty. Ilees'vrax
alvrays ^vanted at higrhest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,
Sole Agents for Canada.

6US. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal 'I^^?rS2rf.?.

Oct. 15, 1903,

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

669

Something SSr Bee= Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.

We think all ladies will agree with us in sayinfj that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of neeessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is gone. He sometimes fills the grave of a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on her own resources i In ease her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity J In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submit? A THOUSAND TIMKS, NO ! Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
as a helpless ■' know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy of THE NEAV LiONDOX
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the United States
and Canada. Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THp: NEW LONDON TAIIjOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at So. 00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee Journal for sending us two new subscribers at .^1.00 each; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.75; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

M4 & 146 East Erie Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

the time on buckwheat just west of the
yard. Through over conficlence, the
men in charge of the horses (a spirited
team) were told to drive right up
ag-ainst the apiary where the bees were
flying by the thousands against a
strong wind. A few bees at once at-
tacked the horses which could not be
induced to move, one throwing it.self in
the harness. The bees then literally
poured out on the horses by the thou-
sands, and the men, after vainly trying
to get the horses to go, and after re-
ceiving a lot of stings, concluded that
" 'twas better to fight and run away,
and live to fight another day," so ac-
cordingly took " leg bail " on double-
quick time.

Being only a short distance away at
the time, and hearing the noise, the
writer arrived on the scene of action
bare-headed and in his shirt-sleeves.
Needless to say he met with a very
warm reception. After with great dif-
ficulty unhitching the horses by the
assistance of a brother, who had now
arrived, and by the free use of the whip
induced them to leave the place slowly,
covered with swarms of angry bees.

The poor brutes were literally stung
over every inch of their bodies, and it
was thought that they would certainly
die. Salt was given to them as soon
as possible, but owing to the way they
kicked and plunged after being put in
the stable, hardly anything could be
done by the way of removing the
stings. However, they have pulled
through, and to-day (a week after the
stinging) they appear to be improving
nicely, although their bodies are cov-
ered with lumps full of pus which are
now discharging. While the writer re-
ceived hundreds of stings on the head,
face and neck, aside from a severe pain

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Hoaey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at f4 00 per gros**. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents ft r postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62Cortlandt5t., NEW YORK CITY,

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Qneen-Bntton is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Sections, StiippinQ-Gases,
floneu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND. .

Please mention Bee Journal when -WTitinp.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

to meet thow who work for aa. Cow keepers alwayt
havemoQC;. We sUrt yoa Id buBlness. Yoa mak<
Ittixe protiU. Eaay work. We furnish CApilal. Send
10c«dUi for fall line of fuunplesand partlt-ulant.

DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.. Cfalcaso. Ilia.
Flease mention Bee Journal when vaoting.

670

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 15, 1903.

knowing just when to sell or when to buy means
.., dollars to the farmer. It is a lever that can be made to
count \n profit in many ways and the telephone is the
greatest means to this end. With a

STROMBERG - CARLSON
TELEPHONE

you are In a position to know the market prices from
day to day, hour to hour. They're not a luxury — cost
is triflinj;— they're a necessity to successful farming.
Send five 2c stamps for 128-pa^e telephone book. Our
book F- 4, "Telephone Facts for Farmers." is free.

STROMBERG-CARLSON TEL. CO. SSSVI'ii.lioJ's

Lanosiroilion...

TI16H0161IB66

Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for f 2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

s

END YOUR NAME f

DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER

ill di.uHe ymr ,s^ yl.ld. V,ia J5 „f.

Strattau Mtg. Co., Bx 81, Erie, Pa.l

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

in the head for about an hour, no
serious effects were felt. To be sure,
there was a little puffering about the
face, but not nearly as much as I have
often seen from the effects of a single
sting.

I merely relate this as a warning to
others to use judgment when it is nec-
essary to bring horses near a large
apiary, as no one who has never wit-
nessed the blind, impotent fury of bees
when angered in this way, can form
any idea of their vindictiveness in such
cases. — York County Bee-Kkeper, in
Canadian Bee Journal.

Formaldehyde.

The most suitable time for fumigat-
ing combs with formaldehyde is when
foul brood is in growth, i. e., in the
spore stage. My practice is to fume
all combs removed from colonies before
returning.

In using formaldehyde for fuming
care should be taken to have no brood
in the combs, as it kills the brood, even
when capped ; and this brood has to be
removed by the bees, which wastes a
lot of time. I first remove all cap-
pings, and if the comb contains two or
three pounds of honey, I extract this.
It is quite evident that I read Mr.
Saunders' first letter (5212, page 336)
on the same wrongly, owing to his
not mentioning that he aired the
combs, consequently I thought he had
not done so. In reply to his letter
(5225, page 354), if he will mix a little
formaldehyde with twice its volume of
water, and evaporate in a test tube —
smelling the gas as it is evolved — it
will be found that when heating the
tube after the liquid has evaporated a

Order Yoyr See-Sypplies Now

While we can serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

I WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

p

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

11

g The Fred W,Muth Co,, "'°"*^c"Srf.,oM,o. I

Bee= Books

SENT POSTPAID BT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

J44&146E. ErieSt., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This bool< coutains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, §1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This booli is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in liee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees,
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound In cloth.
I'Jth thousand. Price, $1.20.

Liangstroth on the Houey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth — the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, §1.20

Scientific Queen-Keariug, as Practi-
cally Applied, by ti. M. Doolittle. — A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, tiO cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
100 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents ; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Blenen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman,
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called '"Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience,
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. B.

Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke. — Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

Oct. IS, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

671

very powerful gas is still evolved.
There is also a sediment which nearly
all evaporates on further heating-. The
same thing- takes place with formalde-
hyde without water, only the residuum
left is black. I am quite aware that
formaldehyde attacks iron and steel,
but only to a limited extent, and when
a layer of oxide is formed on the sur-
face of the metal it ceases to attack the
metal, owing- to the oxide protecting
the metal. With regard to the addition
of water causing the gas to polymerise,
that will not injure its properties as a
disinfectant, even if it did so. Acetic
acid and lactic acid are polymers, and
water is added to these, but does not
alter their uses, and so with formalde-
hyde.- Mr. Saunders asks, "Have I
fumed combs with diseased brood, pol-
len, and heavy stores, and given them
back to the bees without a return of
the disease 7 '" Yes, I have done so.
That is, I have so fumed combs, and
have not so far seen any return of dis-
ease.

I have only been experimenting with
formaldehyde last year and this, con-
sequently I am not in a position to
give any definite information as to re-
sults this autumn, but hope to do so
some time next year. — Blackwood, in
British Bee Journal.

GINSENG

The Gold Winner Seed Crop of 1903.
$10.00 per 1,000. Just the thing for bee-
keepers. The most profitable plant
known to man. All stock guaranteed
to be true American. Address,

F. GENT, Rockford, Minn.

42A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bottles.
Jars.

of e\ery
descrip-
tion ....

Honey
Dealers ...

G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,

Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.

36E4t Write for illustrations.

flei"ie mention Uee journal wnen -writing,

pv _.__>,^ Order your HIVES until

I m g\ fi T you get our prices. We are

I Hill Iv making the Dovetailed Hive

I fllll il from Michigan White Pine

L/Vfll V —the best rine on earth. 10

percent discount from now until Dec. 1.

THE WOOD'BRUSH BEE-HIVE

AND BOX CO.,

LiA-N-SIlSrO, - IkllCH.

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

KlfP ATWHOLESALtPRICEsThC GROWER
^ ■^Fiill Liu-. Beststoi-li. Low Piicen.

'"GROVER NURSERY CO.. RScHEs^ER.rY.

Please mention Bee Journal -wlien writing

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of It If you work
for UB. Unole Bam'e poultry product pays
that eum. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulara. We famish capital to start you in

business. Draper Pabllshiss Co.,Cblcaso,lll.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Dr. Miller's New Book

Free a» a. Preniluni for Sentling; Xwo
I^ew Subscribers.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and desig-n ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is fl.OO, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK «fe CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chii:.\go, Oct. 7.— The volume of sales are
lary-er than at this time last year, and the sup-
ply more than corresponds with sales; but the
prices and good quality of honey are expected
to make a larger demand tliau we have had for
several years. No. 1 to fancy sells at l,>(ai4c,
with practically no sale for off grades, which
are quoted at 10@12c. E.xlracted, white, o@7c;
amber, 5@(>c, according to quality and kind of
package. Beeswax, 2.S(a30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Boston, Oct. 8.— Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at loc; slass-front rases
fancy white, at I6c; No. 2, at 14c. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6W@7>ic, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.

Cincinnati, Oct 7.-^The demand for honey is
a httle better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from 5(s5M!c; in cans it brings about half
cent more; water-white alfalfa sells from
t.to6'-.c; white clover, from b'jfe^'^c. The comb
honer market is quite livelv and same is sold:
I' ancy water-white from 14'i.^lS'i.c. Beeswax
good demand at 30c. c H. W. -Weber. '

Albany, N.Y.,Oct. 8-Honey market firm for
comb at good prices. We quote: Fancy white
16c; A No. 1, 15c; No. 1, 14j4@lSc; dark or buck-
wheat, 13>^(aii4c. Extracted seems to be more
plenty throughout our correspondence than
comb. We quote: White, 7(a7(4c; mixed,7)^(a7c-
dark, 6@6>«c. Beeswax, 28@3!)c. '

H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Oct. 6.— The demand for comb
and extracted honey is good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, psr case. {3.00; No 1
$2.'i0; No.2, and amber, $2.75. Extracted, white'
per pound, 7c; amber, SWi 6c. Beeswax, 25(S30c!
C. C. Clemons & Co.

CiNcnJNATi, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
5ji@6>^c: white clover. b\i®liic. Fancy comb
honey, ISc. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Moth Co.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@14c for No
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber!
V ery little buckwheat on the market as yet
and prices are hardly established. '

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 28(S;2<>c per pound.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

SiN Francisco, Sept. 30.— White comb Mb
frames, 13(914 cents; amber, 9(fflllc. Extracted'
f^l\^' *^®-; 1'?'"' amber, SM@6c; amber!
S@5i^c; dark amber, 4'4-(a4«c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27K@2''c; dark, 25@26c.

There have been moderate receipts, mostly
representing prior arrival purchases. The
market continues to present a firm tone, but is
not particularly active, buyers not caring to
stock up very heavily at extreme current rates
and finding it exceedingly difficult to obtain
noteworthy concessions in their favor.

WANTED I-^^c^^^B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Pred VV. Muth Co.

32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Mease mention Bee .Toiimai when -wrritin/i-

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state guantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings. Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER,
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

672

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. IS, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoii
'\ri31 not be disappointed.
We are undersold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thiHeenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M. Gekrisb, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full liae of our ^oods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

Please meixtioii Bee Joumai -when wmtina.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee= Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, MIch.S
■please mention Bee journal wnen wntme

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. P. BINQHAM. Farwell* Mich.

f iHaafl mentjoii t^H«Juai

wHttr MUnt f and easy to maka
if yoa work for ub. We will start you tc
lOaBlneBB and furnish the capitaL Work
light and easy. Send 10 cents for full
line of BampleH and particulars.
DRAPER PUBLtSHINQ CO., Chicago, lilt.

Lono Tonou6§ VaioaBle

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll In the
honey down in Texas.

HUTTO, Te.x., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. MooKE.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders; Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and shall probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Moraan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please meutlon Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

tiAJ^]a.jiijiijiijiijiijiijiije,.iiijs,jAJAjiije,jiijg^^

f^} Dadant s Foundation

26ttl
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. &'?-^,^R-^N^^i^f4''|^A«^^^^^^^

No LOSS. PATENT WBED-PROCBSS SHEBTINQ.

^^'hv rlrtPC it et^ll an vl/f»IlV Because it has always given better satis
yy ay UUC» II. acil »U WCll r faction than any other. Because In 25 yeara

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog-, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDDlios

OF ALL
KINDS *■>

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eg-gs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the HonGy-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill L

Flease mention Bee Joumai wli«n ■wTitin&

Rooi's Goods m GUicaQO,

The business for many years conducted by George W. York & Co.,
at 144 E. Erie St., as agent for The A. I. Root Company's Supplies, is
this day transferred to The A. I. Root Company, to be conducted as a
Branch Office. All outstanding accounts will be paid George W. York
& Co.

The policy of Branch House will not be changed. We shall continue
to serve the interests of bee-keepers to the best of our ability, and to
increase our facilities whenever possible for such service. Mr. York
will still be in the same office with us.and the benefit of his years of ex-
perience with this trade will thus be available.

Please note change of name to avoid confusion in our work.

Oct. /, /90J.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. ^

All orders, remittances, inquiries, etc., should be addressed to The
A. I. Root Company, 144 E. Erie St., instead of George W. York & Co.

STATEMENT BY GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

■^ To Our Customers AND Friends: ^'

•5 In transferring back to The A. I. Root Company the bee-supply business which ^•

r5 '^^ took over from them some years ago, we do so with regret, as we have labored to ^:

:.£ build up a large and honorable trade in bee-appliances, and value beyond expression 2;

!^ the generous patronage accorded us during the years. We trust the same will be 1^,

•^ continued to our successors in the business. ^]

■5 Please note that this transfer does not in any wise affect our publishing the ^:

:^ American Bee Journal, or handling bee-books and queens. But we expect from now ^^

!^ on to be able to devote more time to the Bee Journal, as for years we have had "too ^.

■^ many irons in the fire'Mto give it the attention it requires. ^'

f5 QEORQE W. YORK & CO. *;

r5 Chicas.0, III., Oct. /, /wj. ^

■^ &'

The Chicago=North western Convention— Dec. 2 and 3, 1903

pjVKERie^/y

v^,

Bee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO., 144 t 146 E, Erie Street,

43d Year,

CHICAGO, tt.L., OCT. 22, 1903.

No. 43,

The Bec^Keepers' Car from Chicago to Los Angeles*

(Left Arc. 12, 1'I03-Arrived Aug. IS, 1903).

Photo by W. Z. irnlihl.

(CountiDg- from left to right, they are as follows:)

1. D. J. Price

2. A. V. Morley

3. <;. H. Vaa Slyke

4. (ieorge W, York

5. Mrs. York
(I. Mrs. Kluck
7. N. A. Kluck

8. W. M. Pierson
'1. N. E. France

10. Chas. Schaeider

11. N. Brooks

12. H. H Moe

13. A. I. Root

14. H. H. Uyde

15. E. D. Woods

16. Dr. C. C. Miller

17. M. Best

IS. E. C. Wheeler
19. "Our Porter"

20. J. J. Shearer

21. H. D. Tallady

22. Mrs. Tallady

23. (Not Our Boy).

•^ Chicago, III., Oct. 6, 1903.

rm We have just been informed by the Post-Office Department that expired

^ subscriptions to a newspaper or magazine do not constitute let^itimate sub-

ja scriptions so as to maintain the second-class rate of postage, but if such are

rm mailed with paid-in-advance subscriptions it places the whole edition under the

^ third-class rate, which, in the case of the American Bee Journal, is about 14

jn times higher than the second-class rate. In other words, if the third-class

r^ rate of postage were enforced on the Bee Journal, we would have to raise the

^ subscription price to $1.50 a year at once. This we do not want to do. But

ja we are compelled to show that every subscriber who gets the American Bee

r^ Journal is a paid=in=advance subscriber, in order that all may be mailed

^ under the second-class rate. And the only way we can do that is for each one

jn now in arrears to pay his or her subscription, not only what is past due, but

r ^ also an advance subscription.

^ In order that ALL who are in arrears may put their subscription credit

jn in advance right away, we wish to make the following offers :
r^ We will credit any subscription sent us — 1 year for $1.00 ;

^ 2 Years for ■$! 80 : 3 Years for $2.50 ; or 5 Years for $4.00.

^^ Of course, these prices are not limited to those who are in arrears, but

^'i if any others wish to take advantage of them the)^ may do so.

^ Very Special Notice to those in Arrears.

jU In order to comply with the requirements of the Post-Office Depart-

rm ment, we will be obliged to discontinue sending the Bee Journal to all who are

^ now in arrears on their subscription. We know this is a very sudden notice,

jff but it is not our fault, as this is the first chance we have had to say anything

rm about it since we learned of it from the Post-Office Department.
^ But all who are in arrears can easily start a remittance to us in time so

jn that it shall arrive at our office before the end of this month, and thus it will

r ^ not be necessar}" to miss a single copy of the old American Bee Journal.
^ We are planning some great things for our readers for 1904, any one of

jn which will well be worth the yearly subscription price of the Bee Journal. But

rm by paying for 5 years at one time, it will cost you only 80 cents a year. That

/\ is only a trifle over I'A cents per copy !

jn Let us have a prompt response from all who are in arrears, and also

r ^ from those who will soon be in arrears, so that all our readers may continue

^ right along without a single break.
jn It may be that some can also send along the names of one or more new

^w subscribers with their own renewals, and thus help increase our list of readers.

^ We are offering some handsome premiums for such work.

jn Trusting that all our readers had a good year with the bees, and hoping

^w that we shall be favored with a general response by wa}^ of paid-in-advance

^ subscriptions, we remain. Yours for the best bee-Uterature,

a GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

\ 144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

■^w ysS- p. S. — If your wrapper label reads "dec02" it means that your subscription expired with Decem-

^£ ber, 1902; if it reads "jun02," it expired with the end of June, 1902. And so with any other month and

'^ year that may be shown on your wrapper-label.

tmPS^r „

^j^ERICA^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, OCT. 22, 1903.

No. 43.

c

Editorial Comments

1

What Have You Learnetl during the past season's experi-
ence? Suppose you write out some of the things that have either
puzzled you, or that you have solved, and send it in for publication.
You have been helped by what others have written, why not help
them by contributing from your experience during the past season,
or previous thereto?

We will be glad to publish whatever we think will be interesting
or helpful. Who knows but you may be practicing many "short
cuts " in the apiary that would be new to 6ther bee-keepers. Tell us
about them, please.

Photographs for Engravings.— We are constantly wanting
pictures of apiaries and other things of interest to bee-keepers in gen-
eral, for use in the American Bee .Journal. You, perhaps, have been
interested in looking at the picture of some other bee-keeper's apiary,
and doubtless others would be pleased to see yours. That is, if it is a
nice, up-to-date one.

We can not, of course, promise to use all the pictures that may be
sent to us, but we usually find a place for nearly all of them in time.
Whatever pictures are sent in should be clear and bright, in order to
make good engravings. A good way to do is to send us the phota-
graph and let us report on it as to whether or not we can use it. If a
favorable report is received, then you can send on a write-up to go
with the picture in the American Bee Journal.

The Hay and the Honey Crop.— A subscriber sends the
following clipped from the Lovelocks, Nev., Tribune:

" The cattlemen claim the bees are taking the nutriment out of
the hay. They say that a ton of honey probably represents the
essence from 200 tons of alfalfa, and that the hay is just that much
poorer in saccharine matter. They say that it stands to reason that
you can't take all this houey out of the hay and still have it as rich in
saccharine matter. Thisbelief goes far to portend action at the next
legislature regulating bee-pasturage."

Thai probably gives the views of a good many of the cattlemen
who are entirely honest in their opinions, but who are not well in-
formed. The better informed can hardly hold such views. The paper
from which the extract is made is to be commended for its fairness in
giving both sides— a thing that can not always be credited to the
weekly press. The clipping goes on :

"The apiarists ridicule these claims of the stockmen. They say
the bees are a benefit to the alfalfa. They say that all this nectar that
is made inio honey would evaporate anyway and not be saved in the
hay. They cite the old belief that the bees injured the orchards. Now
the orchardists of California give the free pasturage to the bee-men!
The bees fertilize the bloom and make more fruit. They say that
there is DO complaint in California that the bees sterilize the alfalfa
bloom. They say that all one has to do is to read up on scientific
work, and see that bees are a benefit feeding on alfalfa bloom, and im-
proves the haj."

Going back to the views of the cattlemen, if " it stands to reason
that you can't take all this honey out of the hay and still have it as
rich in saccharine matter," it ought not to be a difficult thing to show
this very clearly and positively by actual experiment. Have any of

the experiment stations done this? Indeed, it is not necessary to re
fer the matter to the experiment stations. Any cattleman who thinks
the hay is the poorer for the bees can try the experiment for himself
Let him cover a plot of alfalfa with mosquito-netting so the bees can
not get at it. He ought to find the ripened flowers sticky with honey
But if, on the contrary, he finds that the nectar has all evaporated into
thin air, he may change his mind as to the mischief done by the bees

The experiment might also show him that instead of being a dam
age the bees are a benefit; for in the covered plot, where the bees
have no chance to fertilize the blossoms, he would find a failure in the
seed crop. The case of red clover is in point. Every farmer knows
that seed can be obtained from the second crop of red clover, but not
from the first, but not every farmer has inquired why. The tubes of
the red clover blossoms are too deep for the hive-bee to reach the nec-
tar, and the bumble-bee does the fertilizing. But the bumble-bee does
not start in the early summer with a full colony like the hive-bee; for
some time there is only a single bee, and only when the second crop of
red clover comes are bumble-bees in sufficient numbers to fertilize the
blossoms.

The probability is that the counsels of the more intelligent cattle-
men will prevail, and that no effort will be made to hinder the busy
bee in its beneficent work.

Phacelia continues to be vaunted as a forage-plant in European
journals, and there is no question as to its being a good honey-plant;
but it any one has found it to be valuable as a forage-plant in this
country he is keeping very mum about it.

The Pronunciation of Propolis is given in the British Bee
Journal with all the vowels short, and to speak it otherwise is pro-
nounced " a grievous classical blunder." That maybe all right " in
that locality," but the Standard dictionary gives the preference to
long o in the first syllable. Still, if mc were making a dictionary we
would say prop-o-lis, accenting the first syllable, with o short sound.

Danger from Stray Swarms. — In some regions the past
year has been an unusual one for swarming, and some bee-keepers
have rejoiced at the sudden increase of colonies by means of stray
swarms coming to them. But such swarms sometimes bring bane in-
stead of blessing. A case is reported in the British Bee Journal in
which a stray swarm carried foul brood with it. It is well to give
extra scrutiny to stray swarms— indeed, to a fresh accession of bees
from any source.

A Larger Opening for Honey-Cans.— One of the most ex-
tensive users of extracted honey wrote us as follows, some time ago ;

Editor American Bee Journal : — We take the liberty of rec-
ommending to the bee-keepers, who put up honey in 5-gallon cans, to
endeavor to secure cans provided with a 2}^ inch screw-top opening
instead of the 1,1 .j'-inch which is now in use. The large opening has
many advantages over the smaller one. The principal ones are that
it is easier to remove the honey, and the empty can is more salable to
dealers who use the second-hand cans for other purposes. We under-
stand that a certain company that makes a large number of these
honey-cans, would be perfectly willing to furnish cans with the larger
opening, if so required by its customers. This change can be made
without detriment to the cans now in existence with the smaller open-
ing. .

We have often thought that the screw-top opening on the ma-

676

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

jority of the 5-gallon cans used is entirely too small. The 4-inch
screw-cap is much better, we think.

Of course, where a honey-gate is used, we suppose the smaller
opening is better, and yet we do not see why a honey-gate suitable for
the 4-inch opening could not be made for about the same price as the
smaller one.

The larger, or 4-inoh, opening is much better for cleaning and
drying the can after emptying its contents.

We should like to hear from extensive bee-keepers who put up
their honey for market in the 5-gaUou cans, as to their opinion of a
larger opening than is now generally used.

Formalin of Variable Strength. — Prof. F. C. Harrison says
in the Canadian Bee Journal :

Formalin is not explosive, but I would caution you to be ex-
tremely careful to find out whether the formalin you supplied is of the
correct strength, as it is a very adulterated article. For disinfecting
bee-combs I advise the use of one-half more than is necessary in order
to safeguard any weakness of the drug.

If this be true, the one great claim for formalin in preference to
any other preparation of formaldehyde seems to be not well founded.
It was claimed for formalin that it is guaranteed to be uniform in
strength. It begins to look as if one pays an extra price merely tor
the name " formalin."

(

Miscellaneous Items

3

Pasadena and Homeward Bound. — The last day of our stay
in California had come. The forenoon of Monday, Aug. 24, was spent
in going from Pasadena to Los Angeles to get our tickets signed by
the proper agent, so that we could start on our homeward trip in the
evening. While in Los Angeles we called at the office of the Califor-
nia National Honey- Producers' Association, which is located in one of
the finest buildings in the city. Pres. Geo. W. Brodbeck escorted us
up to their oflice, and shortly thereafter we started back to Pasadena.
In the afternoon, our cousin, Mrs. Freeman, gave us {Mrs. York
and the writer) a long carriage-ride over the beautiful city of Pasa-
dena. While August is about the worst month in all the year to see
the beauties of both man's work and that of Nature also, we saw
enough to convince us that in March
or April the sights in and about Pasa-
dena must be simply entrancing. We
certainly never saw so many palatial
residences and surrounded with their
immense grounds or lawns. We be-
lieve that some 40 millionaires live
on one of the finest avenues. The
driver seemed to know just who lived

in each mansion during the winter, and

where during the summer. Of course,

it is well known that the majority of

the wealthy owners spend the winters

there, and during the rest of the year

are in their regular places of business

in Chicago, New York, or some other

large city, making enough money to

keep up their grand home in Sunset

Land.

dZ) We must have ridden 15 or 20 miles

around Pasadena, and saw the best parts

of that American Paradise. We think

we could endure living there perman-
ently if we had enough of the where-
withal to pay expenses. But we had to

think of getting ready to start back for

the smoky city of Chicago, and at about

8 p.m. we were at the station in I'asa-

dena, waiting for the train to take us

home.

We were only three of our former

car-load of bee-keepers— Dr. Miller,

Mrs. York, and her smaller half. But

it was an enjoyable return trip. We could see much that we had
missed when going. Of course, there were none that we knew on the
train except those mentioned, so it was a very quiet homeward jour-
ney. We visited with Dr. Miller until we both would get tired and
sleepy in broad daylight. It was such a long ride — from Monday
evening to Friday morning! Go to sleep at night with the train rush-
ing on, and get up in the morning with the train still rushing on.
Keeping that up for four nights and three days, and we had come
from Los Angeles to Chicago.

It was a trip long to be remembered Perhaps few of the number
who went in that car-load of bee-keepers, over two thirds of the way
across the continent, will ever take so long a ride again. As we began
this series of convention notes with an account of the car-load of
bee-keepers, we close with giving a picture of the car and its " con-
tents'"as all appeared on Monday morning, Aug. 17, a few minutes
before leaving Grand Canyon for Williams, on the main line of the
Santa Fe railroad. Mr. and Mrs. Hanegan, with "Baby Joy," did not
take the side-trip to Grand Canyon, so they do not appear in the
picture; Mrs. E. C. Wheeler must have been inside the car; and as
Mr. Hutchinson was managing the camera so the rest of us might be
shown, he is absent from the picture.

So, with this explanation, we invite our readers to take another
look at the front-page picture, and see if you don't all wish you could
have been in that happy company — the first car-load of the kind ever
known to go so far to attend a bee-keepers' convention where so
many extensive bee-keepers were assembled, and who represented so
many colonies of bees and so many pounds of honey —

No of Colonies. No. lbs. Comb Honey. No. lbs. Ext'd Honey.
Over 45,000. Over 300,000. Over 2,000,000.

The Chicago-Northwestern Convention will be held Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3. The executive committee held ai
meeting Get. 15, and will soon be able to announce the exact place of I
meeting in Chicago, and also give some particulars as to program.
Look out for a great meeting. Plan to be present. It stands next to i
the National convention. Some have told us they thought it bettert
than the National.

Three Fine Photographs were taken by W. Z. Hutchinson,
when on the Los Angeles trip in August, for copies of which we are
indebted to him. The first is of the Grand Canyon (and it is a grand
picture) ; the second shows the bee-keepers' car, a reproduction
appearing on the first page of this issue of the Bee Journal; and the
third is a good group-picture of those attending the Los Angeles con-

ONE OF THE LOVELY CALIFORNIA HOMES.

Oct. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

677

vention. The prices of these photof;raphs are 75 ceots each, postpaid.
We can supply them at the price mentioued, should auy desire either
one or all of the pictures. The (irand Canyon picture is the best we
have ever seen of that wonderful spot.

Henry A. Kunzb, of Monroe Co., N. Y., wrote us Oct. 5, when
renewing his subscription :

" The honey crop was a failure here this season ; 400 pounds from
18 colonies, spring count. We hope for better results ne.\t year."

General Manager N. E. France, of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, seems to be a very busy man these days. He has a case
to prosecute in Colorado, one to defend in New York, and one to
defend in Texas, besides his annual report to get out. We saw enough
of the General Manager business under the late Thomas G. Newman,
to know that it is no easy job, if properly taken care of. And Mr.
France will do his best, all can depend upon that.

Mr. W. a. Prtal, of California, sent us the following clipping
from the San Francisco Examiner, dated at Ventura, Calif., Sept. 2J:

" Mrs. .J. M. Owens died this morning from blood-poisoning. For
several weeks she suffered intense pain with neuralgia, and decided to
have several teeth removed. The teeth were extracted and blood-
poisoning set in immediately. Her condition rapidly grew worse
until death came. She was the daughter of the late R. Wilkin, who
was one of the wealthiest bee-men in this section."

Mrs. J. F. Mclntyre is a sister of Mrs. Owens, the unfortunate
lady mentioned in the clipping, both being daughters of the late R.
Wilkin, who was noted for his famous yields of honey. The case of
Mrs. Owens certainly is a sad one.

A Big Basswood Loo Contract was reported last month in a
Wisconsin newspaper, to the effect that a certain manufacturing com-
pany of that State had arranged with parties at Escanaba, Mich., for
1000 car-loads of basswood per year for seven years. " To complete
the contract will require 40,000,000 feet. As logs are becoming scarce
the contract will no doubt prove profitable." So says the report.

We suppose none of this lumber will be used for sections for bee-
keepers, as the firm mentioned does not manufacture bee-supplies. It
seems a pity to use up the scant supply of basswood left in the coun-
try for anything else but sections, when, perhaps, some other kinds of
wood will answer about as well for the other purposes. But no one
can interfere with the general use or destruction of the basswood
timber.

A Monkey- Wrench Story has been sent to us by Mr. C. E.
Kemp, of Maryland. It is " respectfully dedicated " to our " Svede "
friend. Yon Yonson, who has written for the American Bee Journal
some wholesome nonsense, which some one has said is " relished by
the best of men, now and then." Well, here's the
^j_) monkey-wrench story: j~ ^T- CZT IZT" C~

The American Machinist is responsible for the publication of the
following story, reporting it as received from a Canadian friend. The
source of the story is unknown, but the occurrence is credited to the
Pincher Creek district. Two travelers were (Iriving through that sec-
tion and met with an accident to their buggy. One of the two went
to a near-by shanty, the occupant of which happened to be a Swede,
and asked if he had a monkey-wrench. The traveler was astonished
to receive the following reply:

" No, ay got a cattle-ranch : may brother, Ole, haf a horse-ranch :
Nels Nelson haf a hog-ranch ba de crick ofer; and a Yankee feller haf
a sheep-ranch but 5 mile down de road; but ay bet no feller fool
enough to start a monkey-ranch in dose country."

thought the Grand Canyon was outside the jurisdiction of the fourth
commandment, or if they thought it was worshiping God to tramp all
over creation on Sunday, that's their affair, not mine; but please, Mr.
Editor, don't say that I nifssed the one chance of a lifetime to see the
Grand Canyon just because I "decided to take things easy, and rest."

C. C. MllXER.

We think Dr. Miller did just the right thing for him, in not going
" all over creation on Sunday." There were also other men of our
party who did not go down into the Canyon. We believe we indicated
all who did go down, however. And so far as we know, none of them
regretted having gone. But we would not attempt to decide for
others as to the right or wrong of going down into the Grand Canyon
on Sunday. As for ourselves, we do not think it was wrong for us to
go. Had we thought so we would have remained above with Dr.
Miller " and the other women." We certainly would not object to
taking a long walk at home on Sunday, even when there is nothing
special to see ; and to take a long walk down and up the Grand Canyon
on Sunday, and see " one of the greatest wonders of Nature "—well,
we did it. But it's too long a " walk " for every Sunday !

That Sunday at Grand Canyon. — Dr. Miller writes us as fol-
lows concerning his conduct on that day :

Mr. Editor : — I must enter a mild protest against being held up
as a frightful example of laziness. On page 612, in telling about that
Sunday at Grand Canyon, you say, " Dr. Miller and the womeu-folks
evidently decided to take thmgs easy, and rest." Now, if you had
said I was a Utile bit lazy, or just '■ mejum " lazy, I could hardly
object, for I must confess there are times when I have more or le&s
longing " to take things easy, and rest," albeit the opportunity for
such a thing seems to be a constantly receding quantity. But the
idea of being so outrageously lazy that, after having traveled 'iW
miles from home, I should miss the chance to see one of the greatest
wonders of Nature just because I had "decided to take things easy,
and rest'' — well, Mr. Editor, I must draw the line at that.

I can't say just what was in the minds of the other women, but
the one and only reason I did not yield to the strong desire to " go
with the multitude," was because it was Sunday, and I didn't believe
it would be the right thing to spend it out among the rocks and coy-
otes in a way I wouldn't dream of spending it at home. If others

The Delineator for November. — In the November issue The
Delineator sustains its recognized position as the foremost fashion pub-
lication, and one of the high-class literary magazines. Excellent
reading and refined art supplement, the display of Winter fashions,
which are more charming than at any previous time. In fiction there
is the second installment of The Evolution of a Club Woman, the bold
narrative of a woman's experiences in clubdom, purporting to be
fact; a clever short story by William MacLeod Raine, entitled An
Unpremeditated Engagement; An Interrupted Honeymoon, by Lillie
Hamilton French, a pathetic incident of a little Yorkshire terrier; and
a Western story by Minna C. Smith. In the second of his remarkable
photographic articles, .J. C. Hemment relates some of his thrilling
adventures with the camera. N. Hudson Moore has a strikingly-illus-
trated paper on Chrysanthemums, and in the "Miladl '' paper Clara
E. Laughlin writes of Conflicting Tendencies in early married life. A
House Small but Artistic is pictured and described by Alice M. Kellogg,
and in " Carlotta and I " Miles Bradford tells the story of an old-
fashioned Thanksgiving. For the children, there is a Firelight Story,
by Livingston B. Morse ; entertaining Pastimes, by Lina Beard, de-
scribing the construction of the Statue of Zeus atOlympia; an amus-
ing story by C. V. C. Mathews, called, We Meet Monsieur Daguerre,
and a Sewing Lesson. In addition there are numerous articles by
experts treating problems of the home and household.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>^x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes " and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 2S
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your busine.is card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office. i_)

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal— by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort. ^

Amerikanische Btenenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

678

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

[ Convention Proceedin$sj

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding-s of the 34th Annual

Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug- 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

Continued from pape 663.)

Mr. Moe— After listening to Mr. Mclntyre's experience
in hiving bees, I would like to ask if he has any difficulty
with af ler-swarming, or secondary swarming ; and, also, if
he has had any experience with young queens reared in the
same colony. If they have any disposition to swarm during
that ^^eason, as well as introducing his queens.

Mr. Mclntyre— I have very little difficulty with after-
swarms. That is why I use the queen-excluder. By setting
the brood-chamber out with a very few bees in it, and then
introducing a cell ready to hatch, there is hardly ever an
exception to this rule.

Mrs. D. A. Higgins — I always think the crossness
depends a good deal upon who handles them, and how they
are handled. We never have any trouble with cross bees.
I think the way they are handled has a great deal to do
with it.

J. K. Williamson — I wish to ask if there is any Cyprian
blood in nearly all of the light-colored strains of bees. It
always seems to me they are crosser and more vindictive
than any of the dark strains that I get.

A. I. Root — In Cuba, last winter, they complained a
great deal that when they had a long continued flow of
honey the worker bees would fill all the cells with honey to
the exclusion of brood, and the colonies would get depopu-
lated. I laughed at the idea that that would stop queens
from rearing brood. It seems as though the bees filled up
everything with the honey. I said to them. We want some
Holy Land bees. I used Holy Land bees years ago, and
they would go to work at the approach of winter and fill up
the cells with brood. I would like to ask if you have any
trouble in California, when there is a very large flow of
honey, with the bees filling the combs with honey to the
exclusion of brood ?

Frank Benton — I Viave shown this condition with any
of these Eastern bees, and I ought, perhaps, to supply from
the Cyprians and Holy Lands to a certain extent. I merely
intend that, I think, as crossing material and breeding
material, the Cyprians are to be preferred to the Holy
Lands, and that rather gentle Cyprians can be found on the
average. Now, when it comes down to the question, any of
these Eastern races will introduce that element of prolific-
ness, swift flight, strong wing power, energy in collecting,
and if we can only avoid that sharpness of disposition by
the introduction of the gentle qualities from the male ele-
ment, then we could meet all these conditions and get bees
where there was an early flow, and we want them to go
through the winter in powerful colonies; where the flow
comes especially during the winter they would be especially
valuable in keeping up the brood-rearing, storing their sur-
plus in supers, and keeping the body of the hive well filled,
whether the honey is coming in in that manner.

Another point, their continuous industry causes them,
when other bees slack up and do nothing, to keep up enough
to keep up the honey. That is not the case with the Ital-
ians. Then their lack of hardiness causes them to dwindle
easily, and we prevent this by combining with one of the
Eastern races, whichever one of them may be preferred.

Now, just one word more. I mentioned the Caucasian
race of bees. I have had very little experience with them,
but I am very favorably impressed with them, and it is quite
possible that we will have there a moral element that will
be preferable even to the Carniolans.

T. O. Andrews — It seems to me that we are devoting a
sight of time to questions that have been gone over time
and time again. There are a thousand and one imortant
questions relative to foul brood, treatment of foul brood,
and things that are vitally important. As to this question

of Cyprian bees—" Holy Terrors," I call them— I was very
glad when they decided they would not live in my climate.
Every one to his notion in this, just as in the matter of the
hot knife or cold knife. I move that we proceed to the elec-
tion of officers, and then to the question-box.

The following officers were then chosen to serve for the
year 1904 :

President— J. U. Harris, of Grand Junction, Colo.

Vice-President— C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton, 111.

Secretary— George W. Brodbeck, of Los Angeles, Calif.

Proceeding to the question-box after a recess, with Mr.
T. O. Andrews in the chair, the first question read was :

METHODS OF RUNNING OUT-APIARIES.

" Which system is best for out-apiaries, hired help, or
furnish bees and everything, and give a manager a percent
of the net profits 7"

E. T. Abbott — May I give my experience a little with
hired help? On general principles, it is absolutely worth-
less. Once I turned over to a man ISO colonies of bees. I
agreed to pay him $30 a month and his board. I had no way
of telling whether he earned his board or not, because I was
away for about four weeks. On my return, I found that he
did not know where a single colony in the yard was located.
The colonies were all numbered, and for quite a little while
I manipulated the bees from my location, saying. No. 3
would do so and so, and so on, and I told him that the col-
ony of fine Carniolans should not be permitted to swarm,
and that they were not to be divided until absolutely nec-
essary. When I got home, my wife said that a swarm of
bees was hanging on a tree outside, and I went out in the
morning and put a swarm-catcher under them, when I dis-
covered my SIO queen had been hanging in a tree all night.
When I asked him what had become of the colony of Car-
niolans, he said he did not know ; and he was a very good
young man and wanted to look after my interests. That is
the reason I gave up manipulating bees. Whenever I have
undertaken to hire a man to keep bees, I have become con-
vinced that I could not hire it done. That has been my
experience.

Mr. France — This subject, to those keeping a good
many bees, is one of vital importance. As Mr. Abbott re-
marked this morning, it is getting to be everything on the
union line. Labor is a big figure, and to get labor on the
farm is not so difficult as in the bee-yards. I find I must
either hire them at a definite stated price, they to do as I
direct, or they must work upon a commission for a part of
the product of the apiary — one of these two methods. In
my own locality I am fortunately situated, having one of
our State Normal Schools, and students, especially those in
the third year, anxious to stay in the -vicinity over the sum-
mer vacation, and the busy season comes just at a time
when their summer vacation is on, and I take in these
graduate boys as my assistants. But, generally speaking,
I question if it is desirable to take the ordinary laborer, as
we find him, on a commission basis. Their whole interest,
then, is as to the number of pounds of honey they can pro-
duce, and they may overreach, and you will be sorry for the
experience. I think this is largely a matter of locality.

H. H. Hyde — I would rather have a man work on com-
mission than on wages.

Mr. France — Yes, sir ; rather than work for wages, be-
cause if I am not there things will go on in an indifferent,
careless way. On the other hand, if it is his labor, he is
willing to work more than six hours a day, and as a labor
union dictates.

Mr. Williamson — In both systems, whether you hire the
man or whether you rent the bees to him on a commission,
the principle involved is the same. A man is trying to get
all out of the bees he can. His interests and his employer's
are antagonistic, and they can never be harmonized. The
laboring man sells his labor and renders only so much as
he must in order to hold his job. It is a business proposi-
tion with him ; and, on the other hand, it is a business prop-
osition to get all out of a man he can. There never will be
harmony between employer and employee ; it is impossible.

F. G. Corey — If you want to run an engine, you must
have an engineer. A railroad company can trust a man
a thousand miles away, if he understands his work.
If a man has no taste for that kind of work he is not a bee-
man. You can trainmen to work in the fields or the or-
chards, and they must be trained to be of real service in the
bee-yards.

BEST BEE FOR COM 1! HONEY.

"What is the best bee for Uie production of comb
honey ?"

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

679

Mr. Hyde — Either Italians or Caruiolans.
Dr. Miller^I say, Tvoriti-bees 1
-A. I. Root— Dr. Miller's hybrids !

BEST HKK-ESCAPE.

" What is the best bee-escape ?"

Allen Barnett— I do not know whether my experience
counts for more than others in that line or not. I work for
comb honey, and I like to get the bees out of the supers
pretty well, so I don't use any bee-escape, only one of my
own,' and that is a common tent, such as is used by campers.
I have one about ten feet square, and I get a couple of poles
and leave an opening at the top of it, and then take com-
mon screen-wire and make a funnel, leaving one end of it
large enough for one bee to get out. At the other end a
cloth that will sit securely on the tent, so that the sides and
ends will lie down on the ground a few inches, so that the
bees can not get under. I use a little smoke, and carry the
super with the combs in the sections, and stand it in the
tent on end — not on the side, but on the end, so that the
sections stand up and down. I place another one close to
it, but not close enough so that the bees can get through.
You can stand them in rows. In a tent ten feet square I
can put as many as SO. All that you take off before noon
will be out in a few hours, and I can work until 3 o'clock in
the afternoon very well with that kind of bee-escape. As
quick as you go in, close down your curtain, so that the
bees can not come in. If you don't work later than 3 o'clock
in the afternoon, the bees will come out and go to their
homes. Sometimes bees will come from the outside and go
down. In order to remedy that, I make another cone of the
same size and shape, allowing the space of 6 or 8 inches
above it. They will then crawl out of the first and into the
second, and they seem to become confused and go back out.
This is the best bee-escape I have ever tried in connection
with taking off comb honey. I have not used the Porter,
but the old-fashioned ones. The bees do not have to crawl
up through their supers by being stacked up.

Dr. Miller — The question as to the bee-escape depends
upon the intention of the proprietor. If he wants to get
his bees out of the super over night, or leave them as long
as he has a mind to, I don't believe there is anything better
than the Porter, because he can put it on and leave it,
although it may be a question between the Porter and the
Lareese. That has been used so little, perhaps of late, that
not many would remember the name, but Mr. Reese com-
bined the names of Larrabee and Reese in the name. But
if the escape is meant to get the bees out of the super so
that the proprietor may get them from the out-apiary and
take them home, then the Porter or Lareese, either, is too
slow, and the plan already mentioned is good. Let me give
you one hint as to that. All that is required in that is to
have a tent large enough to hold the supers. Pile them one
upon top of the other crosswise, then that allows them to
escape. Then the robbers, if it is a time when the robbers
are troublesome, every time you go in there to take a fresh
super, will try again. You will notice that the bees always
attack your tent from the side where the wind blows. Have
your door on the opposite side, and they will not come in.
For a good many years I have used what I think is more
convenient, and it is given in Root's " A B C of Bee-Cul-
ture " as the 'Miller Tent Escape," and that is simply a
combination of a robber-cloth and a cone. The robber-cloth
is quickly thrown over the pile of supers. Throw the rob-
ber-cloth over them like a tent, and then when you are ready
to go home you will find all the bees are out. That, I think,
is the most convenient way of all.

YOUNG QUEEN T,.\VING IRREGULARLY.

"Is a young queen which starts out like a laying
worker, scattering the eggs and mixing drone and worker
eggs badly through worker-comb, worth keeping, or should
she be killed at once ?"

Dr. Miller — Try her again ; give her another trial.

SELF SPACING FRAMES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.

'■ In producing extracted honey, has the self-spacing
frame any advantage over the ordinary hanging frame ?
About what percentage of producers use self-spacing
frames ?"

N. A. Kluck — Self-spacing frames have a great many
advantages. There is a great deal of difference.

J. M Hambaugh — I think I am qualified to speak of
the advantages and disadvantages of self-spacing frames.
I have been in the business of inspecting everybody's api-
aries in San Diego county, and I think we have about as

great varieties as any State in the Union. If you could go
with me and see the disadvantages of the different kinds of
self-spacing frames, you would everlastingly place con-
demnation on them. If you want to examine rapidly, and
get over a good deal of space in a day, you will almost curse
the time you ever saw a self-spacing frame And it is a
great disadvantage when it comes to rapid handling and
inspecting of frames throughout the country. If I had my
way about it, I would everlastingly do away with self-spac-
ing frames. That has been my experience, and I think that
of a good many others. There may be some advantages for
the time being, but wait until you want to take the frames
out, and get at them rapidly. Then you will find they are
a great disadvantage. With the other frames, you will find
by placing your fingers right, you can lift them right out.
But self-spacing frames you will have to pry out the first
ones, until you can lift the frames up and get them out.
Otherwise they are very hard to get out.

Mr. Abbott — How about the self-spacing hive, not a
frame ?

Mr. Hambaugh — I have never had any experience, if
you mean hives.

Mr. Abbott — Yes, sir, I mean the body of the hives.

Mr. Williamson — All the experience I have had fails to
apply when it comes to a movable frame. For rapid hand-
ling, you must have a loose-hanging frame.

Mr. Hyde — I am for a hanging frame, first, last, and all
the time.

Dr. Miller — There are self-spacing frames and self-spac-
ing frames, and it does not necessarily follow because you
found a hive — and you will find them — where the frames are
stuck fast, that all self-spacing frames act that way. The
only thing is to have a sufficiently small point of contact.
Generally you have that too large. I would like to ask Mr.
Hambaugh the smallest point of contact he found between
any of those frames.

Mr. Hambaugh — After they were in use a certain length
of time I found all of them exceedingly hard to pry apart.

Dr. Miller — If we let any large amount of space come in
contact that is bad. But did you find any of them touching
at only a single point above and below ?

Mr. Hambaugh — No ; all touched about half way.

Dr. Miller — If there is only a single point at the top you
will find those will be just a delight to handle. You will
have no trouble in getting them out. The bees can not
accumulate a lot of propolis there. We ought to have — I
have tried hard to get that — we ought to have a spacing-
nail that would automatically go in, with a head '4 -inch
thick. I can not get them inside of that. I use a heavy
common wire nail, and, with a gauge, drive it in so that it
projects '+ inch. A staple would answer the same thing.

Mr. Hambaugh — To one side or another, enough so
that they would go past each other.

Mr. Hershiser — Just as fast as I pull these frames out
of the hive I go and get a claw-hammer and pull the nails
or staples out.

Dr. Miller — Anybody that does not like them — there is
no law against pulling them out.

Mr. Abbott — I might say I have been using a hive for
more than ten years in which the hive spaces the frames. I
pronounced the Hoffman frame a humbug ten years ago,
and I actually would not have one if I were manipulating
it ; but why one should suppose that a frame can not be
spaced any other way when it can be accurately spaced
with metal is beyond me. The •■ St. Joe " hive has frames
which are spaced in that way, and you may nail your frames
and not touch them for ten years, and you will have no
trouble to lift any one of them out with ease. That hive
has been sold for about 15 years, all over our Western coun-
try, and I have heard of no complaint of frames being stuck
fast.

Mr. Hambaugh — I did run across a hive of that kind
from which it was simply impossible to remove the frames.
They had gotten so propolized. and we had so everlastingly
much trouble trying to get those frames out and overhaul-
ing them, that the owner declared he would do away with
them. If that is the " St. Joe " hive, I don't want anything
to do with it.

Mr. Abbott— That is not the " St. Joe" hive.

Mr. Hyde — We once bought about 180 hives — I don't
know whether they were the " St. Joe " hive or not, but
when I wanted to get the frames out I had to move one at a
time.

J. A. Delano — I think if we used tin right on the end of
our hive where the frame is, so that we could slide our
frames back and forth, then get a straight top-bar and a
straight end-bar, it does not matter what width we take

680

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAU.

Oct. 22, 1903.

(and not use any spaces of any kind), we will find it will
suit all localities better. In our locality, I do not think, of
all the plans sug-gested in this discussion, that any of them
would work. They will get gummed up.

The convention then adjourned until 7:30 p.m.
(Continued next week. )

[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters j

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Sisteply Suggestion to a BFother.

I have been in the bee-business three years. I had 200
colonies last season, but lost some this spring. The honey
crop is small with us this season, but of good quality.

I enjoy reading the Sisters' letters.

I take all the care of the bees and honey, making ship-
ping-cases, etc.

I can sympathize with the brother from Delta Co. , Colo. ,
as I know what it is to do housework and care for bees at
the same time. If he will send his full address to the
American Bee Journal I will send him my address, and per-
haps we can arrange it for one to take care of the bees
while the other one looks after the bread, as I am a widow.

Bent Co., Colo., Sept. 22. Mrs. C. Hknry.

Good Season— Changing- Supers.

This has been a very good hooey season, although the
weather was not the most favorable — too cool to secrete the
honey. Clovers blossomed well, but basswood blossoms
lasted about 10 days.

I have sold $91.16 worth of honey from 24 colonies, be-
sides saving enough for ourselves and giving away quite a
little.

I have kept bees many years, but I feel I know but lit-
tle about them yet, and would like to ask : If a super is
taken from one hive nearly full of honey and bees and
placed on another, what becomes of the bees ? Do they go
down and out, or do they help finish filling the sections with
honey ? .

I found a copy of the American Bee Journal of 1888,
but it is quite inferior to the present paper of the same
name. I find it very interesting and profitable to bee-keep-
ers, especially the Sisters department, which I hope will
continue to grow. Mrs. R. A. Huntington.

Genesee Co., N. Y., Sept. 30.

It depends upon the age of the bees. Most of them will
stay where they are put, while field-bees that happen to be
in the super will return to their own hive when they fly out,
unless there has been several days of wet, cloudy weather
so they could not fly. In that case most of them will, no
doubt, begin to feel at home where they are.

Sowing for Bees— An Elder Sister.

When I read Mary E. Avera's letter (page 424), I thought
how much she was like me, only she is on a ranch farm and
I am on a little Jersey farm. I do all my work, having no
one to help me. She says she makes chicken-coops, so have
I, and chicken yards. Her husband says wheti she gets
hold of anything she don't know when to let go ; that is my
nature, too.

One sister says she makes her Hill's device, to go over
the bees, out of barrel-hoops. I have made mine ever since
I kept bees.

Thank you. Sister S. M. Payne, for telling how you
take your honey off. I did not know of that way, and I have
only one bee-escape.

I can sympathize with you Sister Payne, for I have not
been able to get around without a cane for five weeks ;
have the same trouble. My bees do not seem to appreciate
my hobbling among them with a cane. They have not had
the attention they ought to have, and are not as good-
natured as they were when I was with them more and talked
with and to them.

I have undertaken too much. I planted an acre of corn,
dropped and covered it myself, also quite a patch of sun-
flowers, and want to sow a patch of millet, too, and have
seeded the pear-orchard to crimson clover, so that next
summer the bees will have plenty. The first of March I
planted the piece I am going to seed down, then I kept
planting until the last of June, so they would have flowers
to work on for a long time, and the pigeons and chickens
will enjoy the seed this winter ; but I notice since the
spider-plant has commenced to bloom they do not seem to
pay so much attention to the sunflowers, but are very busy
on the spider-plant, especially in the forepart of the day. I
never could succeed in getting it to grow before, until I read
in the Bee Journal that it had to be sown in the fall. The
patch looks pretty — it is so full of bloom.

The bees work on lima beans, too ; I have a patch of
them, and also of tomatoes for the canning factory, besides
the things I am raising for myself. So you see I have un-
dertaken a good deal for a woman alone, who will be 75
years old in December.

I always thought the Bee Journal very good, but since
Mr. York has been so kind as to give the Sisters a corner
to ourselves, it has added a great deal more to its interest.
It seems natural, I suppose, for us to look at that part first ;
I am sure I always look there, and if our Editor had not
given us a corner the bee-brethren would not know what
we can do. I guess I am the only sister that has ever made
hives, and I have a good many on hand, which is well, as I
have lost the use of my right eye, and it is a great disad-
vantage in bee-work, as well as other work. Some other
time I will have to tell about how my bees have worked and
stored. Sarah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J., Aug. 10.

Bees on tlie Farm.

Our home is in a place that is comparatively new, hav-
ing been settled only a few years, and the farms that we
will consider have 20 or 30 acres, and many of them less, of
plowland, and the rest is hay and pasture and woodland —
just loom for a good garden and orchard, for potatoes and
corn, and a little grain ; just what stock is necessary, SO to
100 hens, and 2 to 40 colonies of bees. Of course, there are
some big farms here, but we will let some one else talk
about big farms.

Here, in northern Minnesota, we put our bees out in the
spring, the last week in March or the first week in April,
and we look them over, help the weak ones, feed the hungry
before the rush of the spring work begins ; and then again
in two or three weeks, but they don't seem to need much
care till they begin to swarm, the last of May. By that
time the spring planting is well out of the way ; chickens
hatched, and almost able to take care of themselves. The
busiest time with bees is right in hoeing time, but we find
we can leaving hoeing a little while at any time.

I should think there would be a conflict between bees
and strawberries, but we have had only a few strawberries
since we kept bees. We can manage the haying all right,
and the raspberries and currants, and the worst trouble
with the bees is over before the plums and apples are ripe.

The earliest blossoms our bees find are such as willow,
tag-alder, soft-maple, and box-elder. There is an abun-
dance of these trees, and they give the bees a good start.
Soon after the tassel-flowers are gone, the plum blossoms
appear, and wild cherry, and apple, and dandelions. We
have the largest, finest dandelions in the world, and they
blossom by spells all summer. We don't get much nice
honey from the early blossoms, but we have had a little that
was very fine. I should think the honey from the apple-
blossoms would be very nice, and it may be when alone,
but plum and cherry honey seems to taste more of the bark
than of the blossoms.

We would like to get through swarming in time for
white clover, but we doa't, for they keep on swarming
through June and July, and a few in August, and some-
times in September.

We have tried artificial swarming of bees only a few
times, but have had very good success when we have tried
it, and it might save a good deal of work.

One swarm came out August 6, 1900, and filled the new
hive and stored 23 pounds of surplus. Once in a while a
swarm comes out in September and builds up well, and
goes into winter quarters in good shape.

White clover is very plentiful in our section, in the
roadsides, pastures, and unused corners, but I suppose our
very best honey-plant for rushing is the basswood.

Oct. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

681

About a week or ten days after our basswoods blossom,
they begin to blossom on the shore of Mille Lacs, about a
mile away. So, in a good year, we have a long basswood
season. The bees work hard on the corn and catnip. There
is not much buckwheat raised near our home, though I
think it pays to have a few small patches near the hen-
house. Then the bees can gather the honey, and the poul-
try will harvest the buckwheat. It would piece out nicely
between basswood and goldenrod, for the alsike is uncer-
tain, and blossoms only by spells.

There are lots of wild asters, and we get a great many
pounds of bright goldenrod honey, and dandelions blossom
till the bees are put away for winter.

We put our bees in the cellar about the last of Novem-
ber, and we have found that a swarm that goes into winter
quarters in good shape is pretty sure to be all right in the
spring ; most of them are rearing brood and have young
bees hatching when they leave the cellar.

We keep our bees in the cellar under the house, with the
potatoes and other vegetables. We kept the temperature
about 38 degrees last winter, and we have had better suc-
cess at that temperature than warmer. We look at the
thermometer every time we go down cellar, and open or
close the ventilator to keep it right, and it does not take
much time, while the better the cellar is for bees, the better
it is for the vegetables and apples.

We got our first three swarms of bees four years ago ;
and we don't know of any in the county before that. Now
we have 36 colonies, and about half of our neighbors have
from two to five colonies.

We sell more than half of our honey at home, and the
rest in Aitkin. I believe the extracted honey sells best, but
it all sells readily at 12'. to IS cents a pound. It is very
seldom that a neighbor comes in without inquiring about
the welfare of the bees, and the prospect for honey, even if
there is not time to ask about the corn crop, or the melons
or apples.

Whatever helps to make this world and humanity better
and sweeter is always a blessing. We always love and ap-
preciate anything that is sweet, and it seems to be the duty
of the bee to search out and gather sweets that would other-
wise be unnoticed and wasted, just as it is the duty of every
human being to search out and remember the mercies and
blessings so abundantly bestowed by our Heavenly Father.
— Read at the Minnesota State Convention.

Aitkin Co., Minn. Alice Hazblton.

[ Hasty's Afterthoushts ]

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable GlaBsee.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

BEESWAX-BXPERIMKNTS.

The Texas wax-experiments, page 564, told us what we
already knew, for the main, that the percent of dirt in a
comb increases with age. Like a spoiled child, I'm going
to cry for what they didn't tell us. I want to know whether
the total amount of wax in a comb doth with age increase,
decrease, or remain stationary. If they had told us that it
would have been something like. Until we find out that it
isn't so, we naturally suppose virgin comb to be all wax.
'Spects that lots of the brethren still need to be informed.
Texas finds that virgin comb has 88 percent of wax. But
they used foundation in their virgin comb ; and I incline to
protest pretty loudly against such hybrid virginity.

EXPERIMENTS WITH HIVE-COVERS.

That any well-made cover with a shade-board added
protects better than a complicated cover alone, is a conclu-
sion of value — and a conclusion that seems reasonable, also.
They didn't find out exactly how much heat went through
each individual cover in a given time. That's quite an im-
portant item. Perhaps you don't get my idea. Like this :
Two tubs each has a small leak ; but one small leak is only
half as large as the other small leak. Sink these two tubs
half down in water, for it to leak in, and let them alone long;
enough, and you'll fail to find out any difference in the
leaks. Water will rise nearly to level in both. Similarly
in these left-all-day empty hives, temperature finally got to j

nearly the same level in most of them ; but I fear the cir-
cumstance is misleading. Suppose they try next time how
much ice melts in each chamber in one hour. Page 564.

HYBRIDS OF I'l.ANTS AND ANIMALS.

An incorrect statement, on page 566, needs spotting.
Very true (and an important " very true " ), that animals,
and plants also, have two diverse kinds of hybrids, accord-
ing to which way the cross is made. Not altogether unrea-
sonable to say that neither is the true hybrid, if the lack
could be remedied readily — as it can not. Mr. Newell's true
hybrid is not a true hybrid, either. The same cause of
diversity, only in much less degree, remains. C — I x I — C
must not be expected to be exactly the same as I — C x C — I.

NUMBER OF BEES USED UP IN A POUND OF HONEY.

Dr. Miller's estimate of 500 bees spent for a pound of
honey is good as a starter — with the admission that they
sometimes get much more. On similar lines I'll proceed to
say, the bees of a summer may total 100,000. If all are
spent, so as to average the rate named, it will be 200 pounds.
A good many of us do not get so much as the surplus off a
200-pound income. Page 568.

OUT-APIARIES AND BRUSHED SWARMS.

Stachelhausen, it seems, has run an out-apiary 11 years
by brushing swarms a little in advance of Nature. Still
thinks the method one of the best, but finds a great deal de-
pends upon locality and circumstances.

And when he has a virgin queen in a hive and wants
her killed, he can attain that, nine times out of ten, by a sim-
ple temporary shifting of hives near the close of the day —
getting in a good lot of field- bees from a colony with a lay-
ing queen. The sweeping success of this, in Stachelhaus-
en's hands, surprises me. Perhaps he only expects it of
rather weak colonies. Page 580.

SWARMING AND NECTAR-GATHERING.

A. E. Hooker, on page 582, seems to have my experi-
ences pretty frequently. Not sure to escape swarming when
the flowers fail for a spell to yield nectar. And the dictum
of 8 or 9 days between prime swarm and after-swarm wholly
unreliable. He finds more cases less than 8 days than I do.
The average with my bees is more — in many individual
cases much more.

In caging queens to prevent swarming, if the bees
swarm precipitately when their queen is released, that looks
to me like pretty good evidence that they were thinking
about swarming more than about honey-storing before —
I. e., not doing their best.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

On the Mercy of the Court.

This is to be an apology, but I'd like to offer a prize for a form of
words adequate to the occasion. Some of the questions answered in
this number should have been answered long ago, but were buried
under a mass of letters and papers where they slept until now resur-
rected to haunt me like accusing ghosts. To say I regret the delay
doesn't at all meet the case. Hi should burn the letters in hopes that
the writers would think Uncle Sam had lost them, it would hardly
help matters, for I'd rather stand all the reproaches that may be heaped
upon me than to bear the lashings of a conscience constantly remind-
ing me that 1 am a liar and a sneak. I'd like to promise thai I'll
never do it again ; but 1 don't dare to. I don't know but I may. The
trouble is, that I'm so crowded I don't do things as methodically as I
should. I'm told I ought to give up some of the things I'm doing,
but which ! Some of them I hardly <<i« give up, some of them I don't
like to, and some of them I won't.

All I can do in the present case is to throw myself on the mercy of
the court, and although not deserving it, still to ask forgiveness.

C. C. Miller.

[We feel sure all who may have been unintentionally neglected
will he glad to accept Dr. Miller's humble apology. We know he is a
very busy man, and trying to keep up with his work as best he can.
We can sympathize fully with him, as for years we have had altogether

682

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

too much to do in order to do some things in as good a manner as they
should be done. — Editor. I

Three or Five Banded Bees.

I want to Italianize all of my bees, and rear the most of the queens.
Which would you buy to start with, those with three or with five
bands? Missouri.

Answer.— Hard to tell. The best of either kind is better than the
average of the other. Taking them as they average in general, very
likely you will do as well with three-banders.

Spider-Plant, Blue Thistle and Alfalfa.

1 notice in reading " A B C of Bee-Culture " that there is a plant
called spider-plant. Will it grow here? Where can I get some seed.
What time in the year should it be planted?

Will the blue thistle grow here? Also alfalfa? Where can I get
it? I have tried and failed. North Carolina.

Answers.— 1. The spider-plant will probably grow with you if
sown in the spring, but you will hardly find it worth the trouble. You
can get seed from the A. I. Root Co.

Blue thistle will likely succeed with you, but not alfalfa.

Keeping Bears Out of the Apiary.

I intend to start an out-apiary at a place infested by bears. As
you have seen and spoken of Californiabee-keeperslately, perhaps you
could inform rae how they keep them out of the yards. Oregon.

CZT Answer.— 1 don't remember to have seen any special means men-
tioned to prevent the encroachments of bears except in one case. If I
remember correctly, in that case the hives were up in a tree, and a
platform was built about the tree a few feet above the ground. Of
course, a bear could not pass the platform; but such a plan would
hardly be practicable on a large scale. It any of the constituency have
any means of prevention to offer, I yield the lloor.

Cost of Bee-Supplies-Malling Queens-Starting with
Bees.

Qgstroth hive, with

1. What would be the expenses, per pound or per colony, for sup-
plies for an apiary of say 100 colonies, producing 45 pounds of ex-
tracted honey or 30 pounds of comb honey per colony ?

3. What is the average life of a dovetailed Langstrc
reasonable care?

'i. Can queen-bees be shipped by mail with safety across the con-
tinent? Are they so shipped '.

i. How many colonies would you advise a man to start with who
intends to devote his whole time to bee-keeping? California.

Answers.—!. If the extracted honey is put in 60-pound cans, it
will cost for cans by the quantity about ;V of a cent for each pound of
honey. For comb honey, sections and fouadation will cost about a
cent a pound.

2. Varies with climates and seasons. At a rough estimate, 35 years

3. Yes.

4. As a general rule, a man will do well to begin the first year
with 3 colonies, although special conditions might make it advisable
to vary greatly from that.

Pence Separators or Solid Ones.

Will the bees work better and quicker in sections with fence
separators than the old-style solid ones? Onio.

Answer.— It will make no difference.

Uniting Bees-Wintering Feeding Glucose.

I had a small swarm of bees to issue, which I decided to unite
with a weak colony I had in myyapd. I raised the cover and blew
smoke over the frames and in at the hive-entrance of the weak col-
ony. I then shook the bees of the swarm off the limb in front of the
entrance. Tney entered the hive nicelv. but the bees of the weak
colony fought with such fury that they killed half of the bees of the
swarm in a few minutes. .Some of the bees of the swarm left the hive
and entered the hive of a strong colony that stood near, and were wel-
comed by the bees of the strony colony.

1. Why did the bees of the weak colony fight those of the swarm?
And why were they welcomed by the bees of the strong colony?

3. I notice yellow-jackets entering some of my hives. Do you
think they are doing mischief? The bees do not seem to notice them.

3. I have been wintering my bees with a super filled with chaff
next to the brood-chamber. Is this a good practice? Should there be
a cloth placed over the brood-frames under the chaff super?

4. Is glucose fit to feed bees for winter stores? \'iroinia.
Answers. — 1. I don't know, but I'll make something of a guess.

A weak colony, as well as a strong one, may resent the intrusion of

strangers, the ease being worse it the weak colony has a laying queen
and the intruding swarm has a virgin. The manner of their entrance
has something to do with their reception. When the swarm attempted
to enter the hive of the weak colony, the bees probably marched in
with a bold air, as who should say, " We have as good a right here as
you, and we're coming in ; " and the bees of the colony said, " We'll
see about that." But the bees that went to the neighboring strong
colony went as supplicants, and stood at the entrance fanning, as if
to say, "Please let us in, we've lost our home, but if you'll let us in
we'll work all the rest of our lives for you, just as if born here."

3. They're probably after honey, and are not likely to get off scot-
free for long.

3. It's all right if the chaff doesn't sift down among the brood-
combs ; the cloth will prevent that.

4. No, no; glucose is not a fit thing to teed bees at any time or
under any circumstances.

"Rosemary Cure" for Foul Brood.

During the past year I have seen several articles in the American
Bee Journal concerning the " rosemary cure" for foul brood. Is it a
sure cure for the scourge? Do the fumes of it do the work?

Pennsylvania.

Answer. — I don't know, but I have no faith in it.

Shallow Fxtracting-Frames— Cause of Balling Queens.

1. Do you use the shallow extracting frames, or don't you pro-
duce any extracted honey?

3. What do you think of frames 5Je inches deep for extracting?

3. On page 536,1 notice an article which seems to explain the
mystery of queenless colonies in the spring. Rough handling or jar-
ring, he said, in early spring would cause the queen to be balled or
killed. May this not bean explanation, or do you think there is any-
thing in the idea? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. I work only for comb honey.

3. The shallow frames are probably quite a little better for ex-
tracting; but the advantage is offset to some extent by the fact that
frames can not be used interchangeably in either story. Yet the ad-
vantage of having clean frames that are used only for extracting turns
the scales with some in favor of the shallow frames.

2. I have never supposed that loss of queens in my case could be
traced to rough handling, but it is possible that there is more in it
than I have supposed.

Using Foul-Broody Hives.

Is it safe to use hives which have had foul brood in them? These
hives had foul brood in them three years ago; they were tht>roughly
cleaned and left on the stands ever since. How long is it known to
stay in the frames in hives after it has once been there?

Wisconsin.

Answer. — Time can hardly be considered a factor in the problem,
for foul-brood spores are very long-lived, lasting, no one knows, how
long, but good authorities say that /livex which have contained foul
brood can be used at any time without disinfecting.

Foul Brood Inspector- Introducing Queens.

1. Is there a foul brood inspector for Indiana? I had lots of dead
brood in my hives last spring, and I do not know whether it is foul
brood or chilled brood, or some thing else. I introduced several
queens in May, and had to shake the bees from the combs to find the
old queens, and may have chilled the brood while doing so.

I am a beginner, and my bees are blacks. I had 17 colonies and
wanted to Italianize them, and bought 7 Italian queens; they are all
dead but one.

2. How soon after introducing a queen is it safe to open the hive
to see if she is all right? Indiana.

Answers. — 1. I know of no foul brood inspector in Indiana.

3. It is a little safer not to disturb the colony for three or four

days.

Transferring Bees— Comb Honey or Extracted'

This has been a poor season for bees. I am trying to improve my
stock all through. I have almost a non-swarming strain of bees, as I
had only 4 swarms out of 35 colonies, and my bees have always stored
honey. I have had from 50 to 305 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections, but this year I have not had so muoh.

My hives are going down, and I will have to put the bees in new
hives. I use the. "^ frame dovetail live, but my old hives are home-made;
I bought them as they are, and the combs are so crooked and jammed
up I can not get into the brood.

1. Would it be best to transfer in the spring, or wait until swarm-
ing-time and shake them and put a wire-cloth between the new and
the old hives until the brood all hatches out, and then melt up the old
combs?

3. Which would pay the best, to run for comb or extracted honey?
We get 10 cents for comb and from 6 10 8 cents for extracted, and the

Oct. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

683

vessels cost a ;rooi3 deal to hold it. I have a home market for all I can
get at these prices.

3. Which would pay the best to sell, comb at 10 cents here, or
ship it to St. Louis and get 12 to 13 cents! Tbe freight would be -^l.Sa
per 100 pounds, and then the breakage and commission are to come
out. Arkansas.

Answers. — 1. Better wait till swarming-time, but in putting the
brood over wire-elotb, be sure to have at least a small entrance to the
upper story, so the bees shall not be imprisoned there.

2. It is hardly wise for an outsider to attempt to answer questions
of this kind. You see it isn't merely a matter of dollars and cents.
Location has something to do with it, and the man has much to do
with it. Taking the flgurcs alone as you give them, it's a toss-up
which is best.

3. \ery likely there is more net money in the home market.

Sulphuric Acid for Cleansing Beeswax.

What kind of acid is used to clean beeswax { I had about 20
pounds ot nice waxT, for which I have a local trade here, and I put it
into a wash-boiler with clean water to clean it still further. After it
was melted I put it into a porcelain-lined kettle and cooked the water
out, and now it is too dark for my trade. What can I do with it*
From the comb to the present state|lt has been in new vessels only,
and no chance for coloring from vessels. Pennsvlvania.

Answer.— The acid used is sulphuric, one part in 100 or 200 — in
severe cases one part in .50— being added to the heated mass. If that
doesn't clear it probably nolbitig will. It is said by some that using
well-water instead of rain-water accounts for the darkness of wax,
there being iron in so much of the well-water.

PtTBLISHED WE"!KLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Ghicaoo, 111.

EDITOR,
OHiOK,Ca-E! 'W. -yOK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

i)K.C.C.Mn,LER, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end ot the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end ot December, 1903.

SubscriptiOD Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-buttun that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the ofBce

of the American Bee Journal.

GINSENG

The Gold Winner Seed Crop of 1903.
SIO.OO per 1,000. Just the thing- for bee-
keepers. The most profitable plant
known to man. All stock guaranteed
to be true American. Address,

F. GENT, Rockford, Minti.

4:2A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A YE/iK

naj nave purl -'f it 5f you work

QC'i*. Sam'B ji-iiutry profluct pays

, Send 10c Cor nampies and partic

ulare. We furnish capital to start you in

' business. Draper PiibllsbloKCo..CbJcaEO,lll
Pleatie mention Bee Jouxnai w^nen Tvntuig

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

1

Hone,y Crop Nearly all Sold.

My honey crop is nearly all sold. Iihad l.'>
barrels, and have 2 left. It was sold ai s
cents a pound. 1 hope next year will be as
good as this. _. James Grover.

Brown Co., 111., Oct. S.

Ffqiti an Old Bee-Keeper.

I have taken the American Bee Journal
over 30 years, and have been handling bees
for over 00 years, but I have been in the bee-
business 40 years. I am just past T2 years old,
and this year I have taken 13 tons of honey
from 140 colonies, all extracted. The bees are
all through and have gone to rest. I will be-
gin to rear queens in January.

I have had bees near Lake Michigan, at
South Haven. Perhaps you saw some of my
specimens at the World's Fair, a bee-hive
with a young ostrich on the top of it, and
honey in ostrich egg-shells, and a good many
other things.

I have had bees here for over 30 years, and
a big lot of them at a time. Dr. J. Archer.

Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Oct. 7.

Amount of Water Absorbed by
Honey.

In " Editorial Comments,'' page 03?. I find
this: "Good honey contains in the neighbor-
hood of 1 G of its weight of water; in a mois-
ture-laden atmosphere it may attract to itself
so much moisture as to be nearly half water.''

Now we will take, for instance, a barrel of
1000 poundsof good honey with the bung-hole
left open, said ijarrel being stored in a mois-
ture-laden atmosphere. It would draw unto
itself the dill'erence between ^.. and 1-0, or
which is,',; ; 'i; of 1000poundsis333ig pounds;
the totalhoney and water in the barrel would
then be 1333,';. pounds, would it? Of course,

Report for the Season.

My 40 colonies of bees stored ITT gallons ot
extracted honey and 499 sections of comb
honey. George S. Crone.

Schuyler Co., 111., Got. 13.

Bee-Keeping in Wisconsin.

Last Tuesday, Oct, 6, I bought Mr. Albert
Armes' bee-yard, apparatus and good-will.
The yard is 9 miles north of Boscobel, and has
130 colonies of bees. I have 114 colonies in
my apiary at home.

The past season Mr. Armes took off 16 bar-
rels, of 350 pounds each, ot extracted honey,
starting in the spring with 100 colonies. I
took off 13 barrels, starting the season with 90
colonies; I took honey from only SO colonies,
10 were transferred and gave no surplus.
There are 2'2o colonies of bees in our city — too
many.

v\ a look for a good season next year, if it is
good weather. Our basswood bloom was
killed by late freezing last spring.

Grant Co., Wis., Oct. 10. L. G. Blair.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Meivibership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
.Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcome, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. A. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiT-i LE, Eorodioo, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

De. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

J^^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the' office of the American
Bee Journal.

EYES
CUI^ED

AT HOME.

nrmous char2;es specialists extort

treuting the eyes can be eaved by a

pie but certain "home cure which has

.u only saved dollars for thousands, but

ved eye sight of inestimable value. The

Chilian Eye Treatment

tcs cataracts without the knife, at
granulated lidr "^ — """"

;peck3. scums, growths
■"--9, failine sitht, ol
-ney. Send full descript;

.^..vi .wllamed

refund your

it your case

„.id"ask for our free booklet and advi
Chilian Remedy Co.. 67 G St , Gushnell, Illinois

nttue

rV ^ m^9^ ^''^^'' 5"^'^^ Hives uattl
I \/\n T you get our prices. We are
I II III Iv makidg tbe Dovetailed Hive
I #1 ill ll fi'oin Michigan Wbke Pine
Ly Vf II U — the best pine on earth. 10
pifceni discouut from uow until Dec. 1.

THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
in AND BOX CO..

iLiA-iTSiisra-, - x^iOEi.

4iAtf Please mentioa the Bee Journal.

450,000

oGrnpes,Sniali i

edst",k. tit-nuine, ctieap. -j sample currants mailed tti
10c. Disc, price list tree. lEKls ROESCll, Frmunin, N. 1

.Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

684

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

We will send to every reader of the American Bee Journal

a full-sized ONE-DOL,LAR package of VIT^E-ORE, by mail, POSTPAID, suflicient for one month's treatment, to be paid for within one month's
tirue after receipt, if the receiver can truthfully say that its use has done him or her more good than all the drugs and doses of quacks or good
doctors or patent medicines he or she has ever used. Read this over again carefully and understand that we ask our pay only when it has done
you good, and not before. We take all the risk ; you have nothiug to lose. If it does not beqefit you, you pay us nothing. VIT.E-ORE is a
natural, hard, adamantine, rock-like substance — mineral — ORE — mined from the groiind like gold and silver and requires about twenty years
for oxidization. It contains FREE IRON, FREE SULPHUR AND MAGNESIUM, and one package will equal in medicinal strength and cura-
tive value 800 gallons of the most powerful, eflBcacious mineral water drunk fresh at the springs. It is a geological discovery, to which there is
nothing added or taken from. It is the marvel of the century for curing such diseases as Rheumatism, Bright's Diseases, Dropsy, Blood Poison-
ing, Heart Trouble, Catarrh and Throat Affections, Liver, Kidney and Bladder Ailments, Stomach and Female Disorders, LaGrippe and Malarial
Fever, Nervous Prostration and General Debility, as thousands testify, and as no one, answering this, writing for a package, will deny after
using. VIT.E-ORE will do the same for you, as it has done for hundreds of other readers of this paper who have accepted this offer and MADE
NATURE THEIR DOCTOR, if you will give it a trial, which none should hesitate to do on this liberal offer. SEND FOR A §1.00 PACKAGE
AT OUR RISK. You have nothing to lose if the medicine does not benefit you. WE WANT NO ONE'S MONEY" WHOM VIT.E-ORE DOES
NOT BENEFIT. Can anything be more fair? One package is usually suflScient to cure ordinary cases; two or three for chronic, obstinate
cases. Investigation will bear out our statement that we MEAN JUST WHAT WE SAY in this announcement and will do just as we agree.
Write TO-DAY for a package at our risk and expense, giving your age and ailments so we can give you special directions for treatment, if same
be necessary, and mention this paper, so we may know that you are entitled to this liberal offer.

OWES HIS LIFB TO VIT^E-ORE.

Suffered for Year^ with Kidney, Heart. Stomach and Rheumatic Troubles
- Made a Well Man Again by Vita;-Ore.

COVINA. CAIj.— I owe to Vitae-Ore that I iira alive to-day. For eight years
I have suffered from KIDNEY TRODBLB. called by differeut names according
to the whim of t'le doctor treatinume, ami I can honestly say that I never knew
a well day. I became so bloated and fat that it was bur lensume to me to make

alpainabout ray IlEAKT

ever left me,
I could not He down at
all. In addition to Ih.s 1 was tortured with RHEUMA-
TIC PAlNd. and even my -IGESTIVE ORGANS VVERE
BIS 'BIASED, acute attacks of cramps and
of the stomach being so (»e

and two doctors altemied
and treated me for oth
and weaker and every

le. They broke iht

bles, but 1 became weaker

thoughira pastrecovery. My

_ t give up hope, but persuaded -. -.^

VIT.E-OKE. She and my wife said if 1 would swallow a

(d find myself improved; if I did not

pe urging

hich they predicted •

they w

result

prove at once and became i

the course of a fe

eks

and have continued so ever since. I am able
to do the hardest kind of i
gives me any uneasiness, and r

uch more about the wonderful cure it effected, used as a

se of VIRULENT DIPHTHERIA. The case was our

ny others uied who were treated by

CURED OF SYSTEMATIC CATARRH.

E. B. Coleman, of Beecher City. III., Tells the Public of His Cure.

Every Organ Was Affected— Doctored for Three Ve

Vitas-Ore »

iNo

'Cured.

[ wish to say that I can

remedy saved my life
when all other medicines and doctors tailed For the last three years I have
been a great sufferer from SYSTEMATIC CATARRH, so badly that it affected
every organ within me and every one was expecting me to die. I bad given up
all hopes nf ever seeing the spring-time come a^ain. Though I had two of the

I had to die t
hoi

I'ch faith or hope lo

week's time I was out of bed and around the

and steadily improved from uay to day. The en-

losed picture was taken the ftr^t of May, but two

months after I began the use "f V.-O.

I consider it a God-send to poor afflicted people if
they onlv give it a fair trial and test its merits as I have
done. Myself and voung son cut and put up 3 )U shocks
ot corn daring the 'fall, besidesdoing lots of hard work,
that thought tne spring of the year would tind me in my
m with me that it IS the J>f St reme ly on earth for the
afflicted, and I will be glad to tell all what Vitte-Ore lias \ion** for me.

E. B. W. COLEMAN.

This offer will challenge the attention and consideration and afterward the gratitude, of every living person who desires better health or
who suffers pains, ills and diseases which have defied the medical world and grown worse with age. We care not for yt.'ur skepticism, but ask
only your investigation and at our expense, regardless of what ills you have, by sending to us for a package on trial, in answer to this, address

THEO. NOEL COMPANY, J. P. Dept., Vitae-Ore Building, Chicago, 111.

Oct. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

.685

6 Percent Discount During October I

Send for our List, aud order now. Take advantage of Ihis discount. Have your troods ci
land readv for use.

JTJST TtllKTIC OF IT !

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.

RUBE'S SURPRISE.

Well, I'll Be Bumped!

I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer. Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all this freight I've been throwing away and got my goods
cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order
sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at
their factory prices, gest as they said.

A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.

i GRIGGS BROS., ■ TOLEDO, OHIO.

•-•leasto mention Bee Journal -wiien ■writing.

A COMMON REMARK:

"Idon'tseehowPaffel2-Biir. ."s-inch Stock Fence
can lie bettered. It holds all farm uiilnials."
PAGE WOVEN WIliU FE.NtE CO., Adrian, Mich.

Please mention Bee Journal w^hen "writint

ii Jli >te >Ji ili >ti >ti ste. >}i iti >!«. >K >te tt

Bee-SuDDlie$!|

5

Root's_poods at Root's_FriGes

Everytbinp used by Bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.
WALTER S. POUDER,

215 Mass. Ave , Indianapolis, Ind.

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the tirwt K> yoa
take in to start you in a good paying busi-
ness. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directionH how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO.. Chlcaso, lira.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.4C. It is
a fine thln^ to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces.
•ary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 A 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

p Let me SELL or BUY your |

i HONEY i

g If yon have some to offer, mail sample wiih lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati. 4?

8 ♦^ IF IN NEED ^ I

g State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash fi

7i basis, in buviog^ or sellidg-. §

g Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods S

at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants. g

C. H.W.WEBER

2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Successor to CHAS. F. MUTH
nd A. MUTH.

QQQQSQQQQQSSQSSSSSQQQQSQSSSSSSSSSSSQSSSSQQSS

l*i?ift?i*i*i

;&QSQ

DITTMER S FOUNDATION ^^H^rks^X^E

This foundation is made by a process that produces the superior of any. It is the cleanest
and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most transparent, because it
has the thinnest base. It is lough and clear as crystal, and gives more sheets to the pound than
any other make.

Working ywax into Foundation lor Ca!«li a. Specialty. Beeswax
always* wanted at liighest price.

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on application.
E. Graixger & Co., Toronto, Ont., ^110 rkl'r'rucn 1 ^ ^ mi;-

Sole Agents for Canada. UtS. DITTMER, AUgUStd, WiS.

Please Mention the Bee Jonrnal

when writing

yon would have to stretch the barrel ia order
to bold ii all; in fact, water beinf; lighter than
honey you would have very nearly two bar-
relfi, would you not'^ Could you not afford
to sell it cheaper either by the barrel or by
the pound! Did you ever try this! If so,
did said honey absolutely refuse to talie on
any more water when this point was reached?
Could this properly be called "watered
stock " amODjf bee-keepers? I have beard it
said you could lead a horse to water, but you
could not make it drink ; but this seems as if
you can make a barrel of honey drink without
rolliufr it to water.

To-day it is raining. If this moist weather
continues how many more barrels would it
take to hold the out-put of extracted honey?

It is said there is no ill-wind but what blows
some one good. The barrel manufacturers
will be strictly " in it." won't they?

Knox Co., ill., Oct. 10. J. E. Johnson.

[It looks as if the experiment of watering
that honey had been made in a dry time, and
the water poured into the honey so slowly
that some 300 pounds of it must have evapor-
ated in the process. For if l-(j of the 1000
pounds was water, and that 1-6 were taken out,
there would be left rt-Q of the 1000 pounds, or
S3:) pounds of waterless honey. If now that
833 pounds becomes half water, it must take
to itcelt 833 pounds of water, aud thus be-
come 1666 pounds of dilute honey, instead of
1333. Under such circumstances the honey
might refuse to liecome more than half water,
but under favorable circumstances there
would be no such limit. — Editor.]

Northeastern Wisconsin Conven-
tion.

The Northeastern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Association met in convention in Mishicot,
Oct. 8, 1903.

Owing to very unfavorable weather condi-
tions, the meeting was not largely attended.
The afternoon session, however, proved more
successful, and some important topics were
quite extensively discussed; among which
was, " The cause of miscellaneous laying of
drone and worker eggs in the same comb," the
subject being introduced by Mr. Cochems.

The date of the next meeting is Get. 28,
and as it is to be an important meeting, a
large attendance is urged.

The election of officers will be held, and
State Inspector France will address the meet-
ing on the subject, " Advantages of Belong-
ing to Bee-Keepers' Associations, and Attend-
ing Their Conventions."

Measures will also be taken to unite the
local society with the State and National As-
sociations. Dr. J. B. Rick, Sec.

Manitowoc Co., Wis., Oct. 13.

Advertisers

Honey Used in Cuba.

We find honey is used here for its reme-
dial properties much more than it is in the
United States, being sold in considerable
quantities from all drug-stores, besides being
employed in many home remedies for both
man and beast. fii,EN E. MoE.
Cuba, W. I.

A Coppeetion— Cost of Bee-Supplies.

Will you kindly correct the mistake in my
letter in regard to the number ot swarms cast
on the same day. Instead of 115 it should
have read 15 ; and from the fact I gave the
number of colonies I was handling, it must
have shown a mistake. (See page 536.)

I am much obliged to Mr. Hasty for bring-
ing the same to my attention. Had I noticed
the error I should have hastened to correct it,
as I am not a descendent of the Baron Mun-
chausen, who, most of our readers will remem-
ber, was the greatest prevaricator of his time.
If I had not been so fond of reading Mr.
Hasty's Afterthoughts, I should never have
known how I had committed myself. As Mr.
Hasty seems to think my mistake may have
been due to that single-blessedness bread, if

686

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

he will kindly assist us la removing the cause,
we will try not to let the mistake occuragain.

Will some brother tell us why, with the
present price of honey, both comb and ex-
tracted, certain manufacturers see cause to
advance the price of bee-supplies to the ex-
tent they have? I am a consumer of their
goods, and find them of excellent quality, but
when No. 2 sections at the factory get to be
worth .S4,50, and No. 1$5.00, and there is al-
ways more or less waste of sections, it puts
the consumer of bee-supplies to thinking.
W. S. Beveklin.

Delta Co., Colo., Oct. 12.

An Appreciative Reader.

The instructions in the American Bee Jour-
nal are of great value to me. I take great in-
terest in bees. I have made them a study
and my business. I commenced to study
about bees, and the work of obtaining the
best possible results from them, when quite
young.

When but 10 years of age my parents had
bees, and I would often have to help with
them; ever since then I have had bees and
always loved to work with them, but I never
had any literature on the subject, so, when I
came across the American Bee Journal, I was
determined to have it, and would recommend
it to each and every one interested in bees.
After reading it a year, and also Prof. Cook's
"Manual,'' I have learned to make beekeep-
ing a money-making business, to say nothing
about the great pleasure obtained from the
work.

1 wish to express my thanks to each and
every one connected with the American Bee
Journal, for the information given to the lov-
ers of bees; and also to "Our Bee-Keeping
Sisters," for the good artielesthey furnish the
Journal. They, with all our writers and lov-
ers of bees, have my best wishes for success in
the work. A. G. Erickson.

Barry Co., Mo., Oct. 13.

Cutting Foundation with Electric
Wire.

Did any of the brethren ever try to cut
super foundation by electricity? Imean with
a. wire-imbedding outfit. Tie a No. 30 tinned
wire between two prongs; pile up the founda-
tion from 2 to 20, or even 30, sheets in a pile;
now switch on the current and saw the heated
wire through the foundation. Of course, it is
best to use a box with saw-kerfs the right dis-
tance apart for the wire to follow through the
wax. It is true this way has its drawback,
but I think it as good as any.

Hans Chbistbnsen.

Skagit Co., Wash.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTfcO

large profita. E»ay work. We furniahcapilal. bend
10 c«dM for fall line of samples and particulars.

DKAPE8 PUBLISHINQ CO., Chicago, Ills.

*^'*^as6 mention ±iee joumai wxiei. iwulaiui.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Connecticut.— The Connecticut Bee-Keepers'

Association will hold their fall meeting in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4. All bee-keepers
are cordially invited to attend. For lull in-
formation, write the Secretary.

Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertown, Conn.

Jeffersonian Simplicity. — Tbos. JeflTirson,
third president of these United States, was
skeptical of the science of medicine, believing
in permittinir nature to re-establish order in the
system when anv function was deranj; ed, and
discussed the subiect trequently, with the same
interest and earnestness that he did theology
and politics,

" I be ieve," he said, " that there are certain
substances b> which, applied to the 1 viog
body, either internally or externally or b.ah,
nature can be assisted, and by such assistance
accomplish in a short time what nature other-
wise would do slowly."

The Vita; Ore remedy, with which the read-
ers of this publication are largely familiar, is
offered by its discoverer and proprietors as an
aid to nature, to assist in the isatural healing
and recuperating processes. It is itself a prod-
uit of nature, a geo cgical discovery, mined
from the ground as are gold and silver, differ-
ent from anything whit h has ever been (iffered
of a remedial character, and as such should
commend itself to even those most prejudiced
against the use of advertised treatments. It
contains in its corapo ition free iron, sulphur
and magnesium, elements ideally calculated,
to, as Jefferson says, 'assist nature" The
fair add liberal offer to send one month's treat-
ment on trial, made in these columns by the
proprietors (Theo. Noel Ci ..Chicago,) is cer-
tainly most deser
mention the A;
writing.

IwirMviaM CCMnFf HaZ",

STRONGEST

BuU

TiKht. Sold to the Karmerut Wlioleaale
Prices. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box M'^ ITljicheBter, Indlaoa, C. S. A.

Bee Journal

Please mentii

2r r\t\t\ \Ur< of the very best Extracted
D.UUU IDS. Money for sale in new cans
at bVi cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4k5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Sections, Sliippino-Gases,
fioney-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS

Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Please mention Bee Journal
when wHting advertisers.

1

i WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey tt

m

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

mi

iTheFfedW^MuthCo.

P

Front and Walnut, eg

CINCINNATI, OHIO. £^

Order Your Bee-Sopplies Now g-

le we can serve yon
mpt, and get them at
cm prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

155 DANDY crilRi

will double your egg yield. Thous
ands of poultry rais

inyotlier. I'rice$."..OU up. »old on 15 ItST
free Trlul. Stnd for b.,A und ■p«ci>lpropo.lU<

STRATTON MF'G. CO.,

f lease luention Bee Jouri'ai wnen 'wntm£u

Lanflsiroition...
TlieHojyBee

Revised by Dadant — 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

s. Girls, olilandyoungralikw,

e rnimey working for us,

umish Ctt[>itiU to start yon in basl-

Eteaa. Send lu 10c itJUDpa or aliTer for full InitructloDi and s line of

•unplMtowoTkwHh. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ C0..CblcaK0.1U.

Please menuon Bee journal when wT^ting-

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Hooey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at 14 00 per gros . Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 oer
gross. Sample o^ either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f r postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62 Cortlandt St , NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

S llf E INVITE all readers of the Amer-

ft II icAN Bee Journal who seek a col-

2) lege for themselves or friends to inves-

W tigate

I MouniUiiionGoiieoe

0 Our motto in all departments is "Max-
Si imum efiBciency at minimum cost.*'
^2 Our scholastic training is equal to the
•' best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
« penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
•2 ing and traveliufr, less than $200.00. Co-
f2 education, health conditions, moral and
y2 religious influence, superior.
yz Send for catalog.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Oct. 22, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

687

fwi

What Yon Yonson Thinks

Ay lak to tell Mister Battler dat if any body
shud happea to ask you, dal it don't vas vork
to cross dom golden Iialyans ma da lantern-
bugs caus der (luvens he vos fraul iu da dark,
an dom bugs don't vos can be found in da
daytime. But if he vil yust feed da lite col-
lored bees ma 'lectric bitters, mebby dom git
'Icctric lights. But don't be surprised if you
vake up some morning and tind yours bees
hav all svarmed and took der hives all vid
dom. Den vat J My goodeness, you don't
vas hav half da trubble to furnish yours
nabors vid supplies lak Yon Yonson had.

Von flay ven ay vos so bissy to pick straw-
berries aud svarm da bees, and put up boxes
and foundation for da bees dat ay don't
hardly hav time to rides, eat or sleep. It vas
feller 7 miles avay vat called me up on da
fone, an he say he yust cot a awful big svarm
of bees, an he vont ay shal com and hive dom
for him, and be sure an bring von of dom
patent hives.

" Ver you got dom?" ay say. " O dom is
in da top of a big hedge fence," he say.
" Dom is da big Italyan bees, an dom is awful
tame," he say.

'• Vot collor is dom?" ay say. " O dom is
great, big, black fellers," he say. " Vel," ay
say, '• ay don't got time to hive my own bees
hardly, and ay don't got any extra hives to
spare, an ay don't vos peddling bee hives now.
So its better you send to Chicago for hives,
lak Y^on Yonsun du, or put dom in a box."

An now he say dat his old friend Yon Y'on-
son vent back on him. Yell, ay lak friends,
but ay don't lak dom quviteso friendly.

Now, he vont ay shal transfer dom, but if
he tank it is a picknick to transfer dom big,
black Iialyans, den 1 guess he vil be lone at
da picknick ; eaus if ay help von, den ay half
to help a dussen odder fellers.

Ay vont to say to Tom Carver and da odder
fisherman, if dom vont to ketch lots of fish
dom voDt to git up early in da morning, yust
ven da haycocks begin to crow. An to dat
nice little girl vas is name Mis Able, vot is
only 8 years old, and kin keep bees so good,
an lak to read da Merican Bee .journal : dai Dr.
Miller don't vos sold der hunny vot bring der
mummy vat buy der big grindstone, to grind
der ax vot sharpens der slick vot kin ketch
Ton Y'onson yet. Ay got little boy vot is six
years old, an he is a bee-keeper to. He keep
yust so fur avay from da bees som he can.

Veil, ay goan to tell you how ay lak da
Merican Bee Journal. Furst, Dr. Miller's
department is von more as da hole paper cost.
Dr. Miller is a 'plenty good miller, an he yust
grind out all kinds of feed for da bee-keepers.

Mr. Hasty's afterthot is plenty all right,
caus if it is some ting I forgit or overlook he
is sure to smell it out and explain. If his
foreihot is as good som his afterthot den he
must be purty smart feller; but don't tak any
more hop, skip an yump.

It vould be som big vor in camp if Miss
Vilspn's Department should come up missing
even for von veek. Ay tank it is good infor-
mating for da brudders as veil as da sisters;
but since dat department begun, if Maw or da
girls git da bee .Journal first, den Y'on Yonson
he yust hav to vait till dom read vot da sis-
ters hav to say. " From many fields" is
good, an som times ay find bundles nuH to
mak plenty big shock.

Beedom boiled down is all right, but ay
gess Mr. New Y'ork git da fire little too hot
some time, an da kittle go dry, caus some
time it turn up missing. Better look out so
da kiltie don't bust.

On first page is da editorials. Dat is da
cowketcher for da " old reliable;" it is good
and strong, an can stand hard nocks; but now
ay goan to give it som little bump.

On page 467, da editorlist he say dat dom
fellers vat alvays order deir supplies late and
iss behine, and don't have nuf supplies, its
better dom git a veelborrow vat got handles
on da bak side. Now, it da bee-keeper don't
order nuH supplies early null, and da supply
dealer don't order nufl early nu£[, den ay lak

to know who is da behindest. But ay gess it
is da bee-keeper, caus he iss da feller vot git
lefi. Ay tank mebby next year bote order so
much dom git so fur ahead dom don't kin.find
da veelborrow nor hole shuting-match.

Veil, my ying. did you ever read vot Yon
Yonson tank' You vil find it near da hind
end of da Merican Bee Journal. Mr. New
York some time put it in fur da engate. It is
da bumpingboard for da odder bee-papers vot
is commiog be hind da "old reliable." It iss
da only soft spot da "old reliable " got, but
da "old reliable " dont vas in any danger of
any rear-end coUissioa, caus it iss all vays on
time.

Maw, she say If da fool killer should hap-
pen to com to our house it is better Yon
Yonson run an hide rite strate.

Da Yon Yonson bumping-board is only
temperary, an ven da readers git tired of it
den it viU be laid in da shade for som new
patent engate. Y'on Y'onson.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinaati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, aay Quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the tjee Journal.

A Ne'w Bee-Keeper's Song —

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

iMusic by QEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
\n the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

■Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

ISABELLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only lU
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.

227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

Please tnentloii Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advatice payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked for.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, 11,1,.

ES^ Good advertising is the pathfinder for
all who seek success in business. — Printers'
Ink.

'What Happened to Ted"

Chicago, Oct. 7.— The volume of sales are
larger ihan at this time last year, and the sup-
ply more than corresponds wiih sjles; but the
prices and good guallly of huney are expected
to make a la' ger demand tliao we have had for
several years. No. 1 to fancy sells at 13ial4c,
with practically no sale fur off grades, wuich
are quoted at 10@12c. E.\tracled, white, o<i>7c;
amber, S®Oc, according to quality and kind of
package. Beeswax, 2S(9>30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Bdfi-alo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demand for
white comb honey Is belter than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very while,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and pric his 1" he
cut. Fancy whi e comb, 14®15c: A No. I, \3U,
@14c; No. 1, 13@l3Hc: No 2. 12@12'-.c; No. 3,
li@l2c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@l2c. No 2, lO^llc.
White extracted, 6>i>ia)7c; amber, 6e<6'<;c: dark,
S}4t"6c. Beeswax, 2a®30c.

W. C. Townsend.

Boston, Oct. '8.— Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in canons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at Ibc; Klass-front rases
fancy white, at I6c; No. 2, at Uz. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6>i;@7>4c, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & I,ee.

Cincinnati, Oct 7.— The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from jfis'i.c; in cans it brings about half
cent more; water-white alfalfa sells from
bg'b'iic; white clover, from 6'4(ai7j.^c. The comb
honey market Is quite liveU and same is sold-
Fancy water-white from 14J^@ISHi[:. Beeswax
good demand at 30c. C. H. W. Weber. *

Albany, N. Y., Oct. IS.— Demand for honey
good at lS@16c for white comb; 15c for Nj. 1-
14@lSc for medium; buckwheat sought after at
13^(sl4c. Eitracted more plenty at 7@7!^c for
white; i:\iia~ic for mixed amber: 6(a)6}^c for
buckwheat and dark. Beeswax, 29@3i)c.

H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Oct. 6.— The demand for comb
and extracted honey is good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections. p>r case. *3 00; No. 1
$2.00; No.2, and amber, J 2 75. Extracted, white
per pound, 7c; amber, SJ4(a-6c. Beeswax, 25®30c!
C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.- Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
syi@b%c: white clover. 6H@7}^c. Fancy comb
honey, 15c. Beeswax. 30c

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy white, 13(ai4c for No
1 while, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet,
and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 28@2')c per pound.

Hildreth & Segelken.

San Francisco, Sept. 30.— While comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents: amber, 9(3 lie. Extracted
white, 6M@— ; light amber, 5J^@6c; amber,
S@Si4c; dark amber, 4l4'(a>4^4c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27^@2'>c: dark, 2S@26c.

There have been moderate receipts, mostly
representing prior arrival purchases. The
market continues to present a firm lone, but is
not particularly active, buyers not caring to
slock up very heavily at extreme current rates,
and finding it e.xceedlngly difficult to obtain
noteworthy concessions in their favor.

WANTED !'=*c~<?«);b HONEY

In do-drIp shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Money in quantltv lots.
We are pe. haps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please stale iiuanlity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
t^ease mention Bee Journal when ■writdnev

688

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 22, 1903.

^-^^^^^^^^

The Best Bee-Goods
ia the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoii
'M'ill mot. be dis^appointed.
'We are undersold I»y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog* prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

• ▼▼▼▼▼

Please mentloii Bee Joumai when ■wntina.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send f 1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc We can save you money. Send list of goods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog. ^ .„ ^
m H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Please mention Bee journal when writlna

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. P. BINQHAM, Parwell, Mich.

fiuase mentioti tsee

if you work for ue. We will Btart you in
lOOslneBs and fumlBh the capital. Work
light and easy. Send 10 cents for fuU

Lono Tonoo6§ Vaiuaoie

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down In Texas.

HuTTO. Tf.x., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. Moore.— Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you. I could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if they had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am mor« than
pleased. I will stock my outapiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long-tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
75 cents each; six, $4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am 611ing all orders by return
mail, and shill probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

TiV!,je,.vs^ysmja,ja,.3e,.ximje,3S,ja,je,js.:ie,j^^

f^^ Dadant's Foundation

26ttl
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^i}"R^^'??¥ifeMNEis?X'sAQg,N'i'y^*

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINO.

W/h^r i\r\(^a. t'k c<^ll en iir<=>ll ? Because it has always given better satls-
VY Il^i' UUCd IL SCII »U well r faction than any other. Because In 25 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDplies

OF ALL
KINDS **

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on the Honey-Bee — Rei/iscd,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

DADANT & SON, s

riamllton, Hancock Co., Ill L

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

Please mention Bee Journal "wlicn ■writing.

9!f3k

1&*

I

set
i

6 Percent Discount

DIRING THE IVIOISTH OF OCTOBER.

There is every evidence that there will be a heavy demand for
goods the coming season ; and if you defer placing your order until
next February or March, you will not only lose your discount, but
may have to wait for the filling of your order some weeks. Indeed,
you can afi'ord to borrow money, and get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.

Every Month You Wait, it will Cost You 1 Percent
Per Month.

The styles of goods will be about the same for next season, so
there is no use waiting for a new Catalog. But remember prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material ; but if you

Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount

you will not be paying any more for your goods than last year. A
word to the wise is sufficient.

The A, L Root Co,, Medina, Ohio,

CHICAGO, ILL., 144 E. Erie St. SYRACUSE, N. Y., 1635 W. Gene

ST. PAUL, MINN., 1034 Miss. St. PHILADELPHIA, PA., 10 Vine !

WASHINGTON, D.;c., 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE.

Please mention Bee Journal wtien wntine.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention— Dec. 2 and 3, 1903

Bee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E Erie Street.
43d Year, CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 29, 1903. No. 44.

ffffffffiffifffff

A Characteristic Southern California View— East San Bernardino Valley.

4444U44444mm

fffffffffffrnm

690

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

I44&146E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,
OEOR-OEJW-. -Z-OK/IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Mii,i.er, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo,
.secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. WaiTCOMB, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Ivoveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolit-, le, Borodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

1^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to ihe Secretary, ^t the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

preity thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The pictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee. keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the ofBce

of the American Bee Journal.

Editorial Estimates of

Dr. Miller's Book.

AN AUSTRALIAN ESTIMATE.

•• Forty Years Among the Bees '• is the title
of a new bee-book written by Dr. C. C. Miller,
in his usual chatty stjle. Dr. Miller has the
knack of makinj; all his writings readable,
interesting, and instructive. He has had over
41 years' experience with bees, and sets out
to tell the successes and failures he had dur-
ing that time, special attention being given to
failures. Such a book can not fail to instruct
both professional and novice. The book is
illustrated with over 100 half-tone illustra-
tions taken by the Doctor himself, and mostly
in his own apiary. I look upon the book as a j'
valuable addition to apicultural literature.

The writer, on looking over the pages, is
reminded of the very pleasant and instructive
day spent at the Doctor's home, about 4'o
years ago, when visiting the American States'.
Many of the illustrations include pans of the
apiary and home surroundings which are
familiar to him, and it is such pleasant recol-
lections as these that create a desire again to
visit the same spot. I would like Dr. Miller
to visit our sunny land. He would he wel-
comed by all the bee-keepers, and especially
by myself.— Editor W. S. Pendeu, in the
Australian Bee-Keeper.

The American Bee-Keeper contains the fol-
lowing very complimentary paragraph :

Dr. C. C. Miller, the world-renowned api-
arist of Marengo, ni., whose dominant traits
are deep thinking and cheerfulness, has re-
cently published another work on bee-keep-
ing, entitled, " Forty Years Among the Bees."
The new volume is a real gem of H3S pages,

beautifully bound in cloth, and handsomely
embellished in gold. It is profusely illus-
trated with half-tone engravings reproduced
entirely from photographs taken ijy the au-
thor, and the Doctor's concise style and cheer-
ful vein is maintained throughout. We have
to thank Dr. Miller for the privilege of perus-
ing this splendid book, and can heartily com-
mend it to our readers as a most entertaining
and instructive treatise.

The Rocky Mountain Bee Journal refers to
the book in this kindly manner :

" fortt years among the bees."

This is the title of the latest addition to the
book-lore of bee-culture, and emanates from
Marengo, III., bearing the insignia of our
genial friend. Dr. C. C. Miller. Through the
kindness of the good Doctor we are in pos-
session of an autograph copy of th£ book.

The book is exactly what its name indi -
cates — a narrative of experiences, the failures
and successes of "forty years among the
bees." It is a record of actual, daily work,
and supplies what most of the text-books fall
short of in detail — a description of the modus
iilitrKiidi of doing things about an apiary.
The liook is written in plain, simple language,
and does not confuse the student with Uights
of rhetorical extravaganza. As an accom-
paniment to any of the standard text-books it
will be found invaluable.

Every chapter is permeated with that in-
comparable philosophy of good cheer that has
so distinguished Dr. Miller's life and work.
Aside from the main issue we regard this as
one of the chief charms of the book.

1

Dr. Miller's New Book

Kree as* a Pi-eniiiini for S«'nding Xtvo
Wew Siiib.vcriltei-!^.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is f 1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for fl.7S.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK «Sc CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

1

Pleasft Meution the Bee Jonroal iX^rSJf.?.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL., OCT. 29, 1903.

No. 44.

Editorial Comments

Ignorance About Honey.

An IlliDois bee-keeper, several hundred miles from Chicago, ship-
ped a largre barrel of honey to one of the big retail grocers in Chicago.

On receipt of the honey, the grocer wrote the shipper that he
could not use it; that " it is mixed with comb, and not the same as
sample."

The bee-keeper wrote us about it, and asked us to call and see
what could be done. We did so. And this is \yhat we found:

The bee-keeper had sent the grocer an advance small sample of
the honey in //</!</</ form. He then shipped the barrel of itinr/ra?i«-
lated form. That was all there was to it.

The grocer told us they had no facilities for reliquefying the
honey. He also thought the granulated honey was " mixed with
comb!" It really was the very finest grade of white clover extracted
honey, granulated. And he is one of the leading retail grocers in
Chicago 1 We think, however, that we convinced him that he was
mistaken about the honey being " mixed with comb.'' But he re-
fused to keep the honey. He didn't buy granulated honey. The
sample was liquid, and that was what he wanted! Wasn't it aggra-
vating J

Well, what can be learned by such a transaction ? At least this :
When selling honey at a distance to anybody but a bee-keeper, ship
honey exactly like sample shown in advance. Had the sample been
granulated Mr. Grocer said he would not have ordered the barrel
^hipped.

The Future of Sections.

When basswood becomes too scarce to use for one-piece sections,
this will be under consideration. Editor Hutchinson thinks tour-
piece sections the solution of the problem. He likes four-piece sec-
tions, himself, better than one-piece sections, and thinks Editor Root
would be surprised to learn how many bee-keepers there are in the
country who really prefer them. To this Editor Root replies:

I am well aware that there are a few who prefer four-piece sec-
tions, but the Dumber is very small. Although we sell about 15,000,OUO
one-piece sections annually, we have not had during the past year,
and a heavy one at that, orders for more than 100,000 four-piece, and
that is mostly for our Eastern trade. We understand the (i. B. Lewis
Co. has had but a light trade iu them, while the W. T. Falconer Co.
has a much larger demand than either of us. . The four-piece goods
seem to have been used quite largely at one time in New York ; but
the impruvernents that have been made in recent years in one piece
sections, and in the manner of making them, have almost driven the
four-piece goods out of the market.

But for all that, we may have to go back to them, as we may not
be able to get enough tough wood to make one-piece boxes to supply
the present enormous demand. Bt^tween live and ten million feet of
basstvood is cut every year (this is only a drop in the bucket of the
amount used by contractors and furniture-makers), and it would be
hard to find any other timber as tough, in sullicienl quantities, to lake
care of this enormous output.

It may be, therefore, that we shall be compelled in the future,
say ten years hence, to use four-piece boxes made of some other wood.
Or possibly we may have lo get up some scheme whereby chunk or
bulk honey can be divested of every suggestion of adulteration, so

that the general public in the cities will buy it the same as it would
section honey.

However popular bulk honey may become, it will never take the
place of section honey with some consumers. The question of four-
piece or one-piece does not in the least interest the consumer, and so
long as the section is demanded the small difference between the two
kinds to the producer will probably make very little difference in the
amount of section honey produced.

Quoting the Honey Market.

From time to lime we have received criticisms on the honey and
beeswax market column of the American Bee .Journal. It seems the
quotations on honey are not satisfactory to some of our best and most
extensive honey-producers. At least one bee-keeper has suggested
that this paper was " in collusion with the commission men '' who
quote for its market column. But nothing could be further from
the truth than that.

If any one has a better way to secure more trustworthy honey
market quotations than that now used, we would be very glad to
know what it is. We should think that those dealers in the large
cities, who are in close touch with the supply and demand, would
know best what the ruling prices of honey are, and so ought to be the
best able to quote prices.

But it should be remembered that it is hardly possible to quote
on honey as on wheat or corn. Honey is not yet a staple article, and so
prices are likely to fluctuate mere, or to be less stable. There may be
a good demand for honey one day, and then practically no demand for
several days.

We think we have had sufficient experience in the honey market-
ing business to have learned a few things— some things that the pro-
ducers in general can not possibly understand except by having a
similar experience. At least it seems some producers do not grasp the
situation from printed statements. It is much like learning the man-
agement of an apiary— much of it can be secured only in the apiary
itself, in actually doiog the manipulating.

But, if any one can suggest a more practical way to get honey
market quotations, let's hear it.

Honey-Producers' Associations or Exchanges.

We think that such organizations, which are in the field for the
purpose of buying and selling bee-keepers' supplies, honey, etc.,
should be considered on the same footing as other concerns which are
out for business. We see no reason why a bee-paper should be ex-
pected to do a lot of free advertising for such associations, and then
turn around and charge other concerns for the space they use, when
both are simply dealers. We believe in treating all fairly and
squarely, and expect to be accorded similar treatment in return. Bee-
papers can not exist on air. It takes more than wind to pay for white
paper, printers, office rent and office help.

So, if a honey-producers' association is out for business — out to
make money for its members— and wants to trade with the readers of
bee-papers, such organizations should be willing to use and pay for
advertising space in the bee-papers, the same as do other legitimate
dealers.

We are heartily in favor of the organization of co-operative
honey-producers' associations. We have urged their formation. We
have even tried to outline some methods by which we believed they
oould succeed. But it ought to be clearly understood that a bee-

692

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

paper is not a philanthropic institution. Nor is it usually published
just for tun. We think most of the bee-paper publishers would like
to make a fair profit out of their papers, just the same as the bee-
keepers would like to make a little money out of their bees and honey.
We believe this is a subject that none of the existing honey-pro-
ducers' associations has considered very much. We commend it to
them as a fair and legitimate proposition. There may as well be co-
operation between the bee-papers and such organizations as anywhere
else. Why not? The Aajerican Bee Journal does not take a back seat
for any apiarian publication in its advocacy of co-operative honey-
producers' associations, and in doing all it can to help them succeed.
But it ought not to be expected to help them to get business and make
money unless they are willing to pay their way the same as other
firms who do business through advertising.

Honey Prices Demopalized.

A prominent bee-keeper, not over 100 miles from Chicago, wrote
us as follows, Oct. 19 :

" I am going to try to get the bee-keepers in this locality to
organize an association. Prices have been fearfully demoralized here
this season, some bee-keepers rushing their comb honey off, even at 10
cents, when, it they had kept cool, and had done a little thinking,
they could have had 14 to 15 cents for it. I have sold a good deal at
$3.75 a case, and made a sale of 35 cases to a firm in Chicago at 14 cents
f. o. b. here. If I'm successful in getting the bee-keepers together, I
shall try to get them to join the Chicago-Northwestern A-sociation.
Also, big money has been lost to them by not having the American
Bee Journal to read."

All of which shows that it pays bee-keepers to have membership
in an association, and also to subscribe for, and read regulariy,at least
one of the leading bee-papers. The difference between 10 cents and
14 cents a pound on say 500 pounds of honey, would pay membership
dues and subscription for a good many years. Why is it so many bee-
keepers can't see this?

It is not only foolish to sell comb honey at 10 cents a pound, but
it is also ruinous to any market to do so. We know an Illinois bee-
keeper who sold his entire crop of comb honey at 14}^ cents a pound,
delivered on the cars at his station. And his crop was over 15,000
pounds, too.

It pays to keep informed on the honey markets, and also to develop
your own market, if possible, and keep it supplied from year to year.

(

Miscellaneous Items

Rev. M. Mahin, of Henry Co., Ind., wrote us Oct. 22, that he
was that day celebrating his 79th birthday anniversary, and the 60th
of his ordination as a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church. On
Oct. 3l6t he and his wife will celebrate the 60th anniversary of their
marriage. And may they live yet many more years, and all of them
filled with good health and abounding happiness.

Mr. A. 1. Root's Convention Talk, on " Reminiscences of
Bee-Keeping and Bee-Keepers in the Early Days," which appears in
this issue, will be read with great interest and profit by all. Next
week, J. S. Harbison, the pioneer bee-keeper of California, will con-
tinue on the same subject. These two talks, with a short one by Mr.
Corey, occupied the principal part of the second evening session of
the Los Angeles convention. They were listened to with rapt atten-
tion. We considered it the best session of the whole meeting. While
it was mainly historical, it was something that likely could not have
been had in any other way, especially the talks by Mr. Harbison and
Mr. Corey.

Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal,
than whom there is no better known nor more highly respected bee-
keeper in all the world, wrote us as follows, Oct. (i, 1903, from his
home in England:

Dear Mr. York: — On my return to London I found the Ameri-
can Bee Journal of Aug. 13, last, with my portrait, and the few kind
remarks you make. I think it a very good reproduction of the like-
ness, and thank you; also for your remarks. It is certainly pleasant
to find that we have so many friends in different parts of the world.
Since we have been in Europe it has been a constant visiting, and we
have not yet got through all those visits we have to make. Of course,

some of the pleasantest have been with bee-keepers, both here and on
the continent of Europe. It was quite touching to find so many who
came long distances to see me again, and to Hod that an absence of

nearly five years had only made the bond of friendship stronger

I hope you and Mrs. York are quite well. 1 am sorry that I was
not able to attend the Conference at Los Augeles, and hope you had a
pleasant time there. Yours faithfully,

Thos. Wm. Cowan.

Of course, Mr. Cowan did not intend that his cordial letter should
be given to the public, but we are sure our readers will be glad to see
it, and Mr. Cowan will not chide us. He belongs to the universal
beedora, but more especially to English and American bee-keepers. He
has been " one of us '" for the past five years, when living in Califor-
nia, where, from what we have heard and read, he and his good wife
simply captured the hearts of the people who came to know them best.

It was very unfortunate for the Los Angeles convention that Mr.
Cowan could not have deferred his return to England until after that
event. He would have contributed so much to the value and interest
of the meeting could he have been present.

Beeswa.x in the U. S. and Texas. — We have received the
following correction, which we are glad to publish :

College Station, Tex., Oct. 13, 1903.

Editor American Bee Journal:— My attention has been called
to the comment by Mr. Hasty, on page 650 of the American Bee Jour-
nal of Oct. 8, regarding the pounds of wax produced per colony in
Texas and the United Slates. I would say that the figures were taken
from the Twelfth United States Census. You will find them on page
CCXXXIV, Vol. 5. It is evident that a decimal point has been
omitted, and that the figures should read .43 per colony for the United
States, and .41 pounds per colony for Texas, etc. it, of course, does
not change the relative yield, which was the point I wished to bring
out. I prepared the article somewhat hurriedly, and consequently did
not n.itice this rather ludicrous error.

Kindly make this explanation in your Journal, and oblige.
Very truly yours, E. Dwight Sanderson.

titate Entomologist.

The Illinois State Convention, as announced on another
page, is to be held at Springfield, Nov. 17 and 18. There ought to be
a large attendance. Several important matters will come up for dis-
cussion and settlement. Now that the State Legislature has granted
a fair appropriation to be expended in the interest of bee-keeping in
Illinois, the Association should be so wise in its use that when called
upon it can make a good report, and thus show the next session of
the Legislature that the Association deserves at least a renewal of the
appropriation, if not an increase.

Let many of the bee-keepers of Illinois be present at the com-
ing convention. If nothing prevents, we expect to be there, and do
what we can to help make it the best meeting of the Illinois Slate Bee-
Keepers' Association ever held. Why not every bee-keeper in the
State plan to be present, so far as possible? Let there be a general
rally of the bee-folks at Springfield, Nov. 17 and IS.

Walter S. Pouder, one of our regular adverstisers, and an
honorable bee-supply dealer in Indianapolis, wrote us Oct. 16:

" This has been the best year for supplies that I have ever known.
I would not be surprised if next year would be a still better one."

If Mr. Pouder's prophecy should prove true, it might not be a
bad idea for dealers to lay in a good stock of supplies in good time for
the rush. We know how it is to be unuable to get goods from the
manufacturers in such a time. Nothing could be more aggravating
to a dealer.

Permit another suggestion: Dealers should keep their advertise-
ments constantly before the bee-keepers. It is a mistake to drop them •
out for a part of the year. It gives the impression that those who
discontinue their advertisements have gone out of the business.
And, there are always some bee-keepers who buy their supplies dur-
ing the winter. Such are more likely to patronize the dealer who
keeps his advertisement appearing constantly.

A California Mountain Fire. — W. A. Pryal, of Alameda
Co., Calif., sends us ihe following newspaper clipping, dated Oct. 17,
at Ventura:

A devastating mountain fire swept over the foothills of the Ojai
Valley to-day. It is now raging along the mountain tops. The
fiames destroyed farm dwellings, irrigation systems, pumping plants,
fruit-trees, bees, feed and limber.

All the Nurdhoff stores were closed to-day to all the men to go to
the foothills and fight Ihe roaring blaze. Every able firefighter was
brought into service. The confiagration soon spread in many direc-
tions, and the forces were divided.

The fire started near the Casa de Piedra school. It seems that

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

693

Miss Elizabeth Smith started a lirush-fire near the school, and a Ptrung
wind scattered the sparks, llradmaster S. D. Thatcher called out the
pupils to prevent damage. This was at 10 o'clock, and bef:irc luion
Thatcher was compelled to telephone to Postmaster Smith at Nordholl
(or assistance.

This nuirning the wind carried the flames to the northwest. With-
in three hours' time the houses of C. E. Sackelt, Edward Senior, and
W. J. Davies were destroyed. The latter also lost his pumping plant,
water-tanks and outhouses. The barn of .lames C. Leslie was burned
and his house caught lire, but neighbors saved io. He lost many colo-
nies of bees. They would have been saved, but the angry bees drove
the firemen away. One man was badly stung.

The tire isstill raging, and it is an inspiring spectacle as the
flames leap from the timber and brush. The entire damage can not
be estimated, but it will run into thousands of dollars.

We suppose those of us who live in a prairie country have no
adequate idea of the conflagration that takes place during a mountain
Are. It must be something terrible when everything is as dry as it
was last August when we were in California. With a strong wind a
tire at spch a lime, and in some places, would be simply irresistible,
and would consume all things in its way.

[ Convention Proceedings |

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual

Meeting- of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from page 680.)

SECOND DAY— Evening Session.

After the opening of the evening- session a telegram
from Wm. A. Selser, of Philadelphia, was read, as follows :

"I send greetings. Wish you a prosperous session."
Wm. A. Selser.

It was moved and carried that the secretary be in-
structed to write a recognition of this telegram to Mr.
Selser.

Pres. Hutchinson — I have the extreme pleasure of
bringing to your notice a name loved in every household
throughout the land, Mr. A. I. Root, who will talk to us on

REMIMSCENCES OF BEE-KEEPINQ AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.

It is a great pleasure to meet you all, friends, and it
will be a great pleasure to me to tell you some of the things
that happened in regard to bee-culture perhaps before many
of you were born.

When I was a small boy I took a great notion to ants,
bees, insects of all kinds. I wanted a hive of bees, but my
good father objected. He said, in the first place, " They
would sting the children." I was one of seven, half way
between. He classed bees with dogs, guns, and some of
those things that you trade for a brush-heap, and then set
fire to the brush-heap and burn it up.

When I got married and was boss of a ranch, I said we
were going to have some bees. And. by the way, I did not
do much good anywhere in this world until I got married.
The best investment, I think, I ever made— I don't know
that it was my investment — the best in"estment Mrs. Root
ever made, so far as I am concerned, was when she invested
in my poor self.

Well, we got some bees, and I set them in a window in
a hot day in summer, and the sun got so hot they flew
away. Pretty soon I got a colony of an old farmer in a box-
hive. Then I began ransacking agricultural papers, etc.,
to learn all I could about bees. I was a jeweler at that
time, and my sister said that every old farmer that came
into the store was pumped dry on the subject of bees. I
kept that questioning up for about 40 years. I don't know
that I have gotten entirely through yet.

Pretty soon I went down to the city of Cleveland and
inquired for bee-books. There were only two then. I was
very lucky in choosing L.L.Langstroth. I sat up that night

and read the book. I do not suppose any urchin ever read
" Robinson Crusoe " with more pleasure and interest than
I read that book. 1 sat up until after midnight, perhaps,
and read it over and over again. I found that L L. Lang-
stroth was still living, and I started a correspondence with
him. I found he had only one queen imported from Italy.
He did not want to spare her, but would let me have her for
$20. Twenty dollars were not very plenty in those days, but
I spent it for "the bug," as the neighbors said.

Of course, I had the colony removed to a frame hive,
and went through that awful job of transferring. It made
me sweat, you may be sure, but I got the combs into the
hives, and I got my Italian queen introduced, but had to
take her out four or five times a day to see that she was
doing all right ! I saw her lay her eggs ; saw the larvae
grow in size. I think I saw the first bee that came out, and
contrasted its color with that of the other ones.

You that have been through that know something about
the wonderful interest and joy with which I watched the
new bees. And the neighbors came around to see the little
bees. I remember that our eldest boy, Ernest, whom some
of you know, at the time these bees got out for a flight,
was, perhaps, two years old. Of course, he was interested
in everything that his papa was interested in. Mrs. Root
missed him for awhile one day. My Italian colony was all
around him. She said when she found him the yellow bees
were all through his yellow hair so that she could hardly
tell which was which ! So it was but natural that Ernest
should be interested in bees.

I counted up just how many days until the bees should
be flying. Then the problem came up. how far they could
fly. It was an easy matter then to tell just how far they
flew, because there was no such thing anywhere around as
yellow bees.

Everything went on prosperously until winter came on.
Then the old farmer said, " Mr. Root, there are not bees
enough, not a quarter enough, to winter over." I tell you
that was sad news. I thought it was a pretty good lot.
" No," he said, " they would not winter." I finally bought
a larger colony of bees, with which, very triumphantly, I
united my colony and made a larger one.

The next spring, from my nucleus, I began rearing
queens. I first got a lot of little hives — frames three or

four inches square. I had them in the garden under the
currant bushes. At one time there was a little swarm of
bees hanging on nearly every currant bush in the garden.

Pretty soon I learned that there had been a bee-journal
published, and I hunted it up. This was the old American
Bee Journal of 1861.

Then I commenced a correspondence with Samuel Wag-
ner, which was kept up for several years. Mr. Wagner
said the paper had not paid expenses. Then the war came
on, and it was dropped. Through my influence, perhaps,
as well as other influences, he re-commenced the publica-
tion of the American Bee Journal after the war.

694

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

There may be some in the room who remember the arti-
cles from " Novice " in regard to bee culture. I think a
good many of them were blunders, but gradually " Novice "
began to get ahead. After I had had my bees two or three
years, I decided to abandon them. I think my first failure
was in using an extractor a little too severely, and they had
little honey to winter on.

I concluded I would try it once more. I just bent my
energies to getting them in good shape. I wintered every
one that season. That was a reward for pains and care.
Then I made quite a record. I do not remember how much
it was.

About that time I heard that over in Germany they had
a honey-extractor. I made the remark that an extractor
should be made of metal instead of wood. The German
machine was a wooden affair. In a little while I had an
extractor constructed all of metal, and then put it on the
market. I think this was about war times. I got a ton or
more of honey, sent it to Cleveland, and obtained 25 cents a
pound. Not quite as much as our friend Harbison got for
his car-load of California honey. Of course, that made
quite a stir.

Mr. Samuel Wagner sent me a piece of comb founda-
tion made of beeswax. That was the first intimation I had
of manufactured foundation. I said it should be made on
rollers so that we could make it a mile long, if necessary.
In due time Mr. Wagner made some rollers.

My jewelry business was very good at that time, if I
attended to it, but I was off a good deal of the time experi-
menting with comb foundation, extractors, etc. I remem-
ber Mrs. Root said at one time she wished I would give up
the bees. She was very patient and very kind, hut we had
no place except around the cooking stove, and if I dropped
the wax, and happened to set ray big foot on it, I tracked it
on all of her nice carpets. I stewed and freited, and things
didn't work. Those who make it now perhaps wonder at
my failures, but laying the foundation is not altogether
play.

One night I was so discouraged I was about to give it
up. My wife begged of me and said, "If you will give it
all up I will never say a word, and will never feel badly
about it." I did not know but that was the best advice to
take, but pretty soon I began to get ahead.

About that time I got hold of Quinby's book, "Mys-
teries of Bee-Keeping Explained." The first edition was
written for the box-hive, and he presented his side of the
box-hive so well that I almost thought I would rather be a
box-hive bee- keeper.

Mr. Ouinby described a tube with a plug at each end,
for a smoker.

Then later our good friend Dr. Miller came on to visit
me. He was a runner for a music store, or something of
that kind. I tried to put him off, but you could not very
well hold him off. He suggested to me that possibly rotten
wood was a pretty good thing for smoker-fuel ; but after
I pretty nearly burned up a hive of bees, I did not know so
well about it.

At the time of his visit I was interested in bee-hunting.
I had hired an old veteran in the business to go along with
me, and began excusing myself to the Doctor, and told him
I was going bee-hunting. He said he would like to go
along. I said, "You will get pretty tired." (He is short
you know, and his legs are short.)

Out in the woods I was whistling something. I used to
take singing lessons, and I happened to whistle one of my
exercises. He said, "That is pretty, isn't it. I composed
that." I thought to myself, " What a liar you are. " The
Doctor did not say anything, but talked it over pleasantly,
because he was used to rough knocks. After we got home,
he wanted to know if he might look at my curriculum — my
music-book. He said, " You thought I was lying." I guess
I was honest enough to say I had. He said, "There is the
name— Dr. C. C. Miller. That's mj." We had a very pleas-
ant time. I have not time to tell you of all the good things
about Dr. Miller, but it has been one of the pleasures of my
life to count him as my friend. When we get tired talking
bees, he can sing.

After that I paid him a visit, and what nice times we
had talking of bees and bee-culture.

Before I get through I want to tell you a little story
about Langstroth.

But about Samuel Wagner, the old originator of the
American Bee Journal : Other journals were started up
about this time. Phoenix-like. There was a clashing of
journals of the same name, and Mr. Wagner bought out the
others. Then H. A. King started the Bee-Keepers' Maga-

zine. Then I invested with him in a patent hive. I sold a
few hives, and then went back to the Langstroth frame.

Perhaps I would belter explain that I sent to Mr. Lang-
stroth for a frame that was exactly right. I think the
frame he sent me was not alike at both ends, or something
of that kind.

About this time I began to tell the people that our
honey ought to be put up in one-pound packages, and that
the bees ought to put it up for us. They laughed at me, and
said I had better make the bees do it. I said I would.

When I started out to make that one-pound section I was
going to make it 4'+ x4'4 xl "s. My first idea was to hang
them in a frame that could be hung in the hive — a Lang-
stroth frame, with a very little deviation, could hold four
sections one way. Since that time they have been made in
different dimensions. Some of the bee-keepers have plead
with me to try to have the manufacturers of beehives get
together, and if they could not do any more, make the
frames of one dimension. We are trying very hard to have
a system of guages, to guage the sizes of our frames and
hives, and everything else, so that no matter whether you
buy of The A. I. Root Co. or anybody else, every frame
will go just right into every hive.

Well, after I burned up a bee-hive by using Dr. Miller's
plan (I don't know whether he has ever paid me for that or
not), Father Quinby came out with a bee-smoker with a
little pair of bellows. Pretty soon afterward our good
friend Bingham, of Michigan — quite an expert in bees, who
has hives of his own — came out with his smoker, and I had
gotten up a smoker about that time. Bingham got his
smoker patented. I think one of my eccentric ideas was,
about that time, that patents were a nusiance. Bingham
thought my smoker an infringement on his, and it seemed
a tangled-up matter to know whether he was the original
inventor. Finally, I said to him, Mr. Bingham, before
going into any suit at law (I never had time in my life for
lawsuits very much, and what experience I have had in
going to law makes me feel as though we ought to doalmost
anything else rather than quarrel in that kind of way) — I
told Mr. Bingham I would give up ; he might have the
smoker. He said, " What are you going to do 7" I said,
" We will buy smokers of you, or do anything else that is
right."

Mrs. Root criticised me very severely just then. She
said, " You are selling smokers for SO cents. What are you
going to do?" I said, "The kind Father above will help
me out" I was trying to do what is right and fair.

About that time John G. Corey invented a smoker on
the cold-blast principle, and he mailed it to me with a letter
something like this :

" I have gotten up a smoker better than the old one by
far, but, after thinking it over, I have concluded I would
rather ^/?'^ it to the bee-keepers of the world than to fuss
and bother with anything of that kind, and I don't know
but what the best thing to do would be to send it to friend
A. I. Root."

And so I feel grateful to my friend Corey ; as long as I
live I shall feel grateful to my friends for their assistance.

Somehow or other I have been "dead set" against
tobacco. Not against men that use it, because some men
who use it are better men than I am. One day in the
apiary one of them lighted a cigar to blow smoke on the
bees. I said, " If you will throw that cigar away and prom-
ise not to use it any more, I will give you a bee-smoker."
Others said, "And will you give me one, too ?" and I said,
"Yes; but you must promise to pay me for the smoker if
you break yourpromise to quit smoking." I said, " You can
have as many smokers as you please, but it must go into
Gleanings in Bee Culture, so that your wives and children
will know whether you are keeping your promise or not."

Not long after that I had given away something like
1000 smokers. Ministers of the Gospel took the tobacco
pledge and took a smoker. My friends said to me, " Why,
you will get swamped I These things cost you so much,
and if you keep on giving them away you will get
swamped 1" I answered, " The good Father above will see
me out." Then the daily papers said something like this :
" There is a Ouaker chap down in Ohio who offers every
man, woman, and child a bee-smoker if they will give up
tobacco and take a tobacco pledge." That was quoted in a
great many papers, and advertised our smokers until we
sold 20,000 in one year at SO cents each— $10,000 ! Some
said I was long-headed enough to see I was going to make
a speculation out of it, but there was nothing of the sort. I
am not long-headed at all.

Mr. Wagner died, and W. F. Claike took hold of the
American Bee Journal, and managed it quite ably for some

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

695

time. I think while he had it in charge we decided to start
a little quarterly.

Our good friend, Thomas G. Newman, who has recently
been called to his last home, succeeded Mr. Clarke, and
managed the American Bee Journal very ably. We did not
realize his value until he was gone. The sorrow that covers
a man's grave is oftentimes the poultice that draws out his
virtues.

About this time I got acquainted with Prof. Cook. I
found him connected with an agricultural college, and
while visiting him once we studied the plants and insects
along the grounds. He took me over to a man who got up
the first chaff-hive. You don't need them here, but they
were a grand thing there. It has been my pleasure to have
an automobile ride through Michigan, and they told me
there that the very best thing to winter bees in is a chaff-
hive.

About this time somebody (Mr. Alley, I think) started
up queen-bees by mail, and that was getting to be quite a
business when some of the boys got careless, and some bees
got out and stung the post-office clerks, and Uncle Sam
passed a law that no more bees could be sent by mail ; but
just at the crisis, when we did not know what we ought to
do. our good friend, Prof. Cook here, went down to Wash-
ington, and succeeded in getting an audience with Presi-
dent Hayes, and the decision was reversed, and we bee-
keepers were happy again.

There are lots of things I shall probably overlook which
will come to mind after the meeting is over.

Of course, I began to be curious about bees in other
parts of the world. We had the best honey-bees on the
face of the earth. And then D. A. Jones, of Canada, got
the money together to send Frank Benton across to the Old
World, where he sometimes had hard work to find a place to
stay all night, and had hard work to live in comfort. But
we have had a chance to test these different bees. There
was a good deal of experimenting about it, and whether the
bees are superior or not, we are indebted to D. A. Jones and
Frank Benton for giving us the opportunity to try these
different bees.

I was going to say something about Italian bees. If
our good friend Langstroth were alive he could tell you
something about them. Just here I may mention how many
things come up nowa-days that are called new inventions.
Ernest will come to me and say, " Here is something new."
"Why," I say. " that was published perhaps before you
were born I" For instance, queen-cells with rows as regu-
lar as the teeth of a rake. I think that was given in Glean-
ings in 1878. There was a beekeeper on a farm who had
rows of queen-cells equal along the whole length, made in
those wooden cell-cups, just the same thing they are selling
now. In " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee " there is some-
thing about a bee-keeper attempting to get straight combs
in the brood-chamber. I think he mentioned that as a good
deal of bother. But he says straight combs, with bees on
both sides, are better than money in the bank.

Worker-eggs by mail. A bee-keeper, I think in the old
American Bee Journal perhaps, was the first who succeeded
in sending worker-eggs by mail and having them hatch
queens.

Our good friend Harbison, here, has given us quite a
few items in regard to his work in getting the first car-load
of bees to the Pacific Coast, and I would like to ask him
now to tell us something about the first shipment of bees
to California.

Mr. Harbison — My first shipment was 116 colonies.
Mr. Root — Those were Italian bees?

Mr. Harbison — No, native bees, such as we reared in
western Pennsylvania at that time.

Mr. Root — And Mr. Harbison has told us that people
said to him if he succeeded in getting the bees here there
was nothing here for them to work on.

Mr. Harbison — Fortunately, I had been in California —
was here in 1854. My first experience was the importation
of fruit-trees, of which I imported the first varieties in the
Sacramento Valley. That was in 1855 and 1856, and at that
time I studied the flora of the country, and conceived the
idea of preparing a shipment of bees ; sold out my other
interests and returned. That was in 1857, in the spring. I
prepared the bees and shipped them in the fall of that year.
Mr. Root — Perhaps there are quite a number of other
names I should have included in my list here. A long
while ago Mr. R. Wilkin paid me a visit, and we had some
long talks.

Langstroth and Ouinby were pioneers in bee-culture.
Mr. Ouinby's attention was called to the fact that Lang-

stroth thought he was backward in giving his friend due
credit. Langstroth, as perhaps many of you know, had
periodic spells of mental depression. When I became ac-
quainted with him he told me about those spells he had. He
would go off by himself and would scarcely speak to his
own family. Then he would come out of the attacks with
a remarkably cool head, and gentle and genial manner.

He paid me a visit after one of those spells, and I had a
good many talks with him about it. Sometimes he would
get headstrong. One day he got pretty rough, and we
pretty nearly had a quarrel. I felt quite sad about it. The
next morning he came up to me and said, " Mr. Root, I
want to beg your pardon for the way I treated you last
night. That has something to do with my malady, and the
next time I do that I wish you would come up, put your
hand on ray shoulder and say, 'There, there, old friend, I
guess we had better change the subject.' " We had a good
many talks after that, and among others about Ouinby.
He told me about his invention. " I did so and so, and Mr.
Quinby did so and so, and Mr. (Juinby was that or the
other." It made a pretty long story, and after it was over
I thought he was going home in a pretty bad frame of
mind.

Mr. Langstroth, as many of you know, was not blessed
financially during the latter part of his life, and it used to
be customary for our bee-keepers' conventions to make him
a donation. He thought the world had hardly given him
what he ought to have had. I said to him, " Mr. Lang-
stroth, you and Father ijuinby have probably not a great
while to live. I would advise you never to go over the mat-
ter again as you did with me here, and let it all pass. It is
not worth while. Further, I wish you would go and visit
Mr. Ouinby and have a friendly talk, and let bygones be
bygones."

He did not like that sort of logic. 1 urged t'he plan.
Finally he went to bed. The next morning he did not get
up, and I went into his room. He took his watch and
handed it to me, saying, " Mr. Root, will you please listen
to my watch." I said, '■ Isn't it all right ? It seems to me
to tick regularly," for you know I was a jeweler by trade.
He said, " So it says, ' tick, tick, tick ' to you, but to me it
has been saying, ' Ouinby, Ouinby, Ouinby,' all night long,
and I am afraid that watch will keep on saying ' Quinby '
until I start down there and shake hands with Father
Quinby. and we two make friends 1" And he started off. I
tell you I felt happy.

In due time he came back and said, " Mr. Root, I have
had one of the pleasantest and best visits I ever had in my
life. We talked things over, and he didn't find any fault
with me, and I did not find any fault with him, and we are
going to be friends as long as God lets us live. When I had
that talk with him I gave it up without any discourage-
ment. And it seemed to me there was not much use talk-
ing."

It is a pretty big job sometimes to make friends in
matters of that kind. That lesson comes to me often.
There may be some people here to night whose watches, if
they do not say " Quinby," may be saying something else,
and will continue to say it until they get up and go and do
the right thing, as Mr. Langstroth did.

But there are other friends here, and I would be glad to
hear from Mr. Harbison. Mr. Corey also is here, and we
want to hear from him.

(Continued next week.)

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

.*-•-♦

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

696

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^^AL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

c

Contributed Articles

L. L. Langstroth and Bee-Stings.

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

HAVING seen some statements in the American Bee
Journal concerning- what I infer to be injurious results
having- followed bee-stings, in Mr. Langstroth's case,
I will state that I was well acquainted with Mr. Langstroth,
and happened to visit at his home in Oxford, Ohio, when he
was suffering from one of his attacks of mental depression,
to which he was subject from an early period of his life.

He was in his apiary when I passed through his yard-
gate, and seeing him there I went directly to him. It was
not his custom to go outside of his house when under the
influence of these attacks, so he and his family informed
me, but he had done so on this occasion, hence our meeting
was accidental, so Mrs. Langstroth told me, stating he
would not have consented to see me, nor any one else, ex-
cept as it occurred in this particular instance (by accident),
and she expressed the hope that it might be the means of
cutting short this particular attack.

I inquired of him if he attributed these attacks to any
particular cause. "Yes," he said, " when I was young I
received a lick on the head," at the same time placing the
fingers of his right hand upon the right side of his head,
near the top. Beestings were not mentioned as having
anything to do with his case.

When he died, the papers reported that he died of apo-
plexy, having been attacked while in the pulpit preaching,
or about to preach, a discourse. Knowing what I do about
his case, I doubted the statement, but was then, as I am still,
of the opinion that he died of a stroke of paralysis of the
brain. But in this I may possibly be mistaken, but be this
as it may, I never heard that his death was caused by the
accumulation of poison from bee-stings.

I will further state that in all my study and practice of
medicine, during a period of 47 years, I have never learned
of or heard of bee-poison accumulating in the human sys-
tem. Nor have I, after receiving thousands of bee-stings,
with quite a sprinkle of yellow jackets, bumble-bees, and
bald-hornet stings thrown in, been any the worse off, so far
as I can detect. On the contary, with time bee-stings seem
to be, if anything, less painful.

When a boy I had one of my " windows " closed a time
or two, once by a hornet, and another time by bumble-bees.
Yellow jackets have peppered me pretty thickly upon my
arms and other parts of my body, but not' about the face. I
am now past 70 years old, not as old as Mr. Langstroth was,
but none the worse, as far as I know, as a result of stings.

Price Co., Kans.

Foul Brood and Kindred Bee-Diseases.

BY C. P. DADANT.

I READ with interest the article of J. E Johnson, on page
648. I think I can throw a little light on this subject.
I have been very much astonished to read, at different
times, that boiling the hooey did not destroy the germs of
bacillus alvei, unless the boiling was kept up for several
hours— three hours, I think. It had always seemed to me
that boiling, if it was but for a minutes, would kill any
germ of living organisms, whether animal or vegetable,
and I yet wonder whether there might not have been some
error in the experiments when it was reported that live
germs were found after an hour of boiling.

The immunity of beeswax that has been once rendered
seems to me well established. We have been manufactur-
ing foundation for over 25 years, and during that entire
time our bees have had access to the wax-receiving room.
It is difficult to handle large packages of beewax, barrels,
hogsheads, sacks, etc., in a closed room, and our wax-weigh-
ing room would have been a trap for the bees, had we not
arranged to let them go out of it of their own accord. Yet,
with an apiary of 60 to 80 colonies close at hand, we have
never yet seen a case of foul brood So we are convinced
that beeswax is absolutely safe after it has been once ren-
dered at the ordinary temperature. Yet, if the scientists

are right in their experiments, the beeswax would have to
be boiled three hours, at least, to destroy the germs.

I have thought of an explanation which would recon-
cile the necessity of long boiling with the fact that beeswax
is immune, and that is : Is it not possible that the hot wax
soaks the germs and embalms them — mummifies them — in
such a way that further development is impossible ? Our
own experience, and that of Mr. France, are conclusive as
far as wax and foundation are concerned as to their harm-
lessness.

It is true that foundation, when manufactured, has passed
through several heating processes, both for refining the
wax and for sheeting it. In many cases the wax remains
hot for hours, but in some cases it is certainly not hot for
three hours together. But dip anything you please into hot
beeswax, and it at once becomes soaked with it, and when
the wax cools, it becomes stiff. All bee-keepers who have
had anything to do with rendering beeswax know how it
soaks into everything, how it coats all sorts of utensils, or
the insects, or particles of vegetable matter, wool, cotton,
etc., that may happen to come in contact with it. It seems
to me very plausible that the bacilli which come in contact
with it would be so thoroughly soaked with wax as to be-
come perfectly harmless, even if we have to grant that an
hour's boiling would not kill them ; though, with all due re-
spect for the experiments made, it looks to me almost impos-
sible that any life on our planet could be capable of resist-
ing only a thorough soaking in boiling water, even.

If the surmise is right, it will explain how beeswax,
even when only once rendered, would prove safe from the
germs of brood diseases. It would not then require more
than a very thorough heating and melting of it to soak all
germs so as to make them harmless.

OIL OF EUCALYPTUS FOR DISEASED BROOD.

During the past year I have been asked a number of
times about cases of diseased brood, and a number of sam-
ples have been sent to me. In each case but one I have
concluded that the samples sent me were not foul brood. In
the one case alone, a piece of brood-comb sent from Oregon,
I recognized the well-described symptoms — the coffee color
and glue-pot smell of the disease. I have treated two cases
of dead-brood with entire success, by the use of oil of
eucalyptus, which has been recommended by several writers
in the Revue Internationale D' Apiculture ; but I am satisfied
that neither of these cases was foul brood. The manner in
which the remedy was applied was as follows :

A small cardboard box, such as jewelers use for small
articles of jewelry, was filled with cotton-batting, a small,
round hole, a half inch or so, made into the end of the box,
and as much oil of eucalyptus as the cotton would soak was
poured in. This was placed just over the combs that were
infected.

In the first case, the colony produced quite a crop of
honey while undergoing treatment, and not only was the
smell of eucalyptus strong enough to notice it when the
wind was right, some 20 feet away, but the honey which was
extracted from this colony had a distinct smell of the oil of
eucalyptus, though not strong enough to tn.ake it objection-
able.

The oil was applied for five weeks regularly, every four
days, so that the colony was constantly kept under the in-
fluence of the drug. The bees did not seem to suffer from
it in any way. According to our Swiss friends, the greatest
objection to this drug is that it attracts robber-bees. I did
not notice any trouble on this score. But it was used dur-
ing a honey crop, this time.

The other case was in the apiary of a friend in Mis-
souri. Two colonies were attacked, and he found a third
just as he began applying the remedy. In less than four
weeks all traces of dead brood had disappeared. This case
was apparently what has been termed " black brood," for
the sealed larva, or chrysalis, turned black in the cell.

I do not believe that it would be advisable to rely too
much on this remedy in a case of true foul brood. All
authors seem to agree in advising bee-keepers to avoid
drugs. Yet it is to drugs that we all turn if we want to
avoid the more radical means of fire. There is no doubt in
my mind that eucalyptus will render great service in cases
where the disease is not clearly foul brood, and I believe I
would try it in very mild cases, and, by all means, would em-
ploy it when colonies are in danger of the disease, as a pre-
ventive. The fact that oil of eucalyptus is a strong anti-
septic would indicate its usefulness in this respect. Its
strong smell tainting the honey would lead one to think
that it might even destroy germs existing in the honey.

At any rate, I would strongly recommend oil of eucalyp-

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

697

tus for any diseased brood, where well-known symptoms of
foul brood are not positive. I am of the opinion that if we
could eliminate all the minor brood diseases, we would find
the cases of actual foul brood less numerous than generally
believed. Hamilton Co., 111.

[Our Bee'Heepin^ Sisters]

Conducted by Emma M. Wilsok. Marengo, 111.

Illinois Strawberries in October.

Who wouldn't live in Illinois when you can have lus-
cious, ripe strawberries for dinner, picked from your own
vines the 12th of October. Good, bip ones, too. Didn't I
enjoy picking them, though, to say nothing of eating them ?

[Just think of big strawberries, then a big lot of honey,
then more strawberries again. That's the way Miss Wil-
son has had the good, sweet things of this life this year.
And then tells the rest of us poor mortals about it in such a
tantalizing paragraph as the one above ! So it goes. — Ed.]

A Well-Wishing- Sister.

Though " up to my ears " in work, superintending about
a dozen irons that I have in the fire, I am going to take
time to wish you good-speed in this new department of the
American Bee Journal.

In the winter is usually my leisure time, and all through
the spring and summer my journals pile up unopened.
Then, when everything is snug and tight " for a long win-
ter's sleep," I get down my bundle, a smile of contentment
spreads over my face as I smooth out the sheets, sort them
out, and settle down for a good time. I've read your arti-
cles with much interest, and also some others, aind many
times the spirit has moved me to argue out some points,
air my views, and relate some experiences ; especially when
the " old bachelor bee keeper " question waxed warm. After
your kind invitation I shall certainly try to contribute some
lines this winter worthy your columns. Till then, believe
me with sincere sympathy.

Your friend and well wisher,

Clinton Co., N. Y. Fr.\nces E. Wheeler,

(Lecturer of the Chazy Grange.)

I am very sorry that you did not immediately act upon
the good spirit that moved you, and let us have the benefit
of your views at once. But we will hope to hear from you
soon.

I am sorry to say I did not receive the " journal " con-
taining your photo, though I looked for it.

"Bay View Reading Club."

Will you please tell me, through the American Bee
Journal, where information can be obtained about the Bay
View Reading Course for literary clubs ? It is frequently
mentioned in the papers, and seems to be in much favor. If
you could give some description of it I feel sure it would be,
just at this lime, a real favor to many others who may be
looking for plans for a literary club.

Kane Co. ,111. ETT.A. M.\cFari,ane.

Without having any personal knowledge of the matter,
I am glad to give you the following information that has
been sent me :

THE BAY VIEW READING CLUB.

One of the popular educational institutions of to-day is
the Bay View Reading Club. It has a thousand local clubs,
and over 12 000 members. It is organized in nearly every
State, and in other lands. In the past two years and a half
over 500 woman's and other literary clubs have adopted its
courses of study. The originator of the organization is
John M. Hall, who is still at the head of it, aided by several
assistants who are trained for the work. The Bay View
courses endeavor to offer an intelligent plan for home study,
and save the members from the confusion resulting from

the abundance of literature of the day. The courses are
brief, simple in plan, and comparatively inexpensive. The
courses are delightful reading journeys, wherein the coun-
try's history, literature, art and music are deftly combined
in a study.

This fall the club begins the study of Germany, and
will make side-trips into the delightfully interesting king-
doms of Belgium and Denmark. , Circulars giving general
information, and copies of the magazine, can always be
obtained by addressing Mr. Hall, 165 Boston Boulevard,
Detroit, Mich.

^ I ^

Banana Sandwiches.

Select two large, very ripe bananas, peel and slice very
thin and evenly. Sprinkle with two tablespoonfuls of
lemon-juice. Add a little honey to white cream cheese and
spread on dainty rounds of bread instead of butter; place
a layer of the sliced bananas between the two slices. Nut-
meats chopped fine, and maraschino, or any fine conserved
cherries cut in halves, may be used for filling. Also pre-
served ginger and orange peel minced fine and mixed with
a little thick, sweet cream. — Herald and Presbyter.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sia. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

SERENE BEE-MAN AND OUT APIARY.

It's a smilable picture Mr. Hooker calls up of the serene
bee-man visiting his out-apiary. Nothing bad is going on
just then, and if he's a person inclined to " fools' paradise,"
there is little in sight to keep him from constructing one
right there. " So nice that my bees out here don't make me
any trouble like other cases I read of." But then, if he
actually harvests a good crop of honey, notwithstanding the
miscellaneous fracases he didn't see, the situation may be
somewhere near the saying : Ignorance is bliss — folly to be
wise. Page 582.

SHAKING OFF QUEENS.

I hope Dr. Miller is right about the harmlessness of
shaking off queens, as per page 585. Perhaps I can go a
little farther, and say I think he is; but an uneasy feeling
about that persists in keeping a lodging in my mind. Some-
times the shake must send her down with quite a bit of
violence. What are the consequences of throwing a big
basket of eggs — and is not the queen about that ?

FUEL FOR BEE-SMOKER.

Just been trying the hickory-bark smoker-fuel, as per
R. L. Taylor, page 590. Very fair — to use as a sort of adul-
terant. Don't put it in until the smoker is real hot, and not
in preponderating quantities at any one time. I use an-
other adulterant which may be worth recommending — news-
paper wadded up in suitable sized wads. This is mainly for
use when first starting up. After you get well along ashes
and coals take up much of the fire space, and then it comes
right to put in about what fuel there is room to put in. It's
different when you b^gin. It doesn't seem nice to begin
with fire-box only half full of fuel, tumbling about with
every move. And to fill the yawning space entirely full of
your choice fuel is a simple waste of half of it. I begin
(Clark smoker) by crowding one side the chamber with
newspaper wads. Then I fill the other side partly full of hard
rotten wood, and finish ofif with soft rotten wood. The
paper, besides being an innocent occupier of space, contrib-
utes considerable smoke. Also, it holds possession of the
space longer than one would suppose. The smokers, with
cylindrical fire-space, would call for a lit-tle different manip-
ulation, but I guess it could be managed all right.

CO-OPERATION AND INDIVIDUAL SELFISHNESS.

Interesting to see how Prof. Cook goes the whole — fig-
ure— in the matter of joint property. 'Spects that in that
matter it will do to %o the whole angel, but won't do to go
the whole hog. Then, if human hogs should be found much
plentier than human angels, it might wreck the scheme.

698

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 190 .

Three men could take the same daily paper, if their conven-
ient hours for reading came differently, and exact hours
were pretty rigidly enforced. Twelve families, each with a
magazine for one week to re.-.d and pass on, looks a quite
seductive economy on paper ; but where the magazine would
actually be when it ought to be at No. 12, I am not so sure.
Worth trying. A grand, all-around, nation-wide fight
against individual selfishr<ess is needed. Not to be despaired
of, either, if the proper amount of revival enthusiasm should
get into it just right. And those manifestations of selfish-
ness, which are so old and matter-of-course as to be consid-
ered as if they were natural laws, are just the ones to attack
first. Anti-hog rivival first, and then conbination, eh?
Page 597.

A SEDUCTIVE TEXAS WAY.

J. E. Chambers' Texas way seems to be, first, get an
enormous colony of bees : second, brush it to prevent its
swarming naturally ; third, get a big lot of honey from it.
Seductive. He that is able to follow, let him follow. Page
598.

GETTING DOWN I,OFTY SWARMS.

It's a little hard to get rid of a semi-humorous feeling
toward the scheme of " shooting "lofty swarms down by the
smell of carbolic acid. We mustn't let our merriment de-
prive us of what may turn out to be a valuable addition to
our resources. First trial resulted in the swarm taking
wing and clustering on a lower place.

The other experience Mr. Bartz gives us is also inter-
esting. Evidently a carbolized cloth can be made to serve
somewhat the turn of an assistant, driving the bees in one
direction while you with a smoker drive from another. A
few queens and some drones without any workers, and all
very badly frightened, might die in the course of a night
without it's being exactly a case of poisoning. How-
somever, at present we had better consider it a poisoning
case — and look a little out. Page 600.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Moving to Sweet Clover-Drone-Laying Queen.

1. By moving about 20 miles (od dirt road) I can get where there
is black, waxy land, and a world of sweel clover. Would it be best to
go there?

3. Will an old queen ever get so she will lay only drone-eggs?

Alabama.

Answers. — 1. It might pay well to move 20 miles for the sake of
a better pasture; huw well would depend upon ho\T much better the
pasturage. A good way would be to try part of your colonies in each
place and compare results.

2. Id many cases the contents of the spermatheca become ex-
hausted, which will be shown by part of the brood hatching out of
worker-cells as drones, tinally there being only drones.

Feeding Bees with the Miller Feeder.

1 have tried making the original Miller feeder as near as I could
from reading your book, but somehow I am not making a success in
using it. I£ I leave room for the feed to run under the side it runs too
fast down through the hive and out on to the ground ; or sometimes it
don't run at all. And if 1 leave room for the bees to come up over the
side, they go down into the feed and get stuck in the feed and drown.
1 wish you would give us a good description of the feeder, and how to
use it, in the American Bee Journal. I have your " Forty Years
Among the Bees," but 1 am too dull to understand just what is the
matter. Some of my bees — one colony — will not take feed when even
put in a dish over the brood-nest. What is the matter with them?

Nebkaska.

Answer. — There must have been something radically wrong in
the construction of your feeder to allow the feed to run down through
the hive, unless the feeder was lilled so full that it ran over. As I use
it, the feeder is hung in a common T super, just because 1 have plenty
of T supers on hand, but it may be put in a box of any convenient
size, the box being without top or bottom, and the inside of the box
being about an inch wider and longer than the outside width and
length of the feeder proper.

For the ends of the feeder, and the two inside partitions, '.j-inoh
stuff is used, and '4 -inch stuff for the other parts. This thin stuff is

less likely to split with age, I think, than heavier stuff. At any rate,
mine are a good many years old and all right yet, most of them. By
using small rfails about half an inch apart, this thin stuff can be nailed
together to make a very close joint. Suppose you use a T super for
the outside box, or have a box of the same dimensions, 17''8Xl2V in-
side measure, and 4' ^ inches deep, the material needed will be as fol-
lows:

One bottom. ICsUxi^.

Two ends, 10' .xt'^x'...

Two sides, UJx3\..xi4.

Two partitions, 15x4', xU'.

Two top pieces at ends, r3^x2x;^.

Two top pieces at sides, 15x'2J^xjJ.

The two partitions are inside, leaving a apace of about :'s inch
between the partirion and the side, the upper part of the partition
coming Hush with the upper part of the ends. That will leave a
space of '., inch under the partition for the feed to flow under — a space
too small lor a bee to pass through. The top pieces at the sides are
nailed on the partitions, and the other top pieces on the ends, the end
pieces on top supporting the feeder in the outside box or super. When
the feeder is hung in the super, it is well to nail it on by a single very
small nail at the middle of each side and each end. This will prevent
the top pieces from curling up.

You will see that there is no place the bees can get to the feed
except in the ''s space at the side, and bees never drown in so narrow
a space.

I don't know just why that colony will not take the feed; they
are i|uite capricious sometimes.

Wants Lots of Increase— Foul Brood.

My bees have not done very well this season ; I wish to increase as
much as posssble, and I am not particular about getting any honey
next year, but I do want a lot of bees.

I have 2 colonies from which I have taken 200 pounds of extracted
honey, and 1 do not care if I have to feed a lot of sugar next year. To
how many colonies of bees can I multiply my 2 colonies?

My bees had foul brood early last spring, and by following the
directions given in the books, I am glad to say I got rid of it very
easily. Illinois.

Answer. — Your question is a hard one to answer. You will find
it easier to increase if you have a long flow of natural stores than to
depend on feeding ; still, it will help the incease if you feed whenever
the bees are not gathering anything, when it is warm enough for them
to fly freely. Starling with two, you may clobe the season with any-
where from 10 to 20, depending upon the season and your skill and ex-
perience. Just between you and me, let me whisper a word in your
ear: Don't try to increase too fast, especially late in the season. Bet-
ter have 10 strong colonies at the close of the season than twice as
many weaklings.

Requeening Colonies-Color of Carniolans.

I have 10 colonies of bees which have not been requeened from
any other stock of bees in the last 10 or 12 years, and would like to
secure a few good queens, but would like to know:

1. How late in the season could I successfully introduce queens
into my stock?

2. My colonies all have queens now, and would 1 better destroy
the queens in the colonies into which I wish to introduce new queens
before I order, or wait until I secure the new queens?

3. What is the color of Carniolan bees? Kansas.

Answers.— 1. Just as late as bees are flying, and perhaps later.

2. Wait till you get the queens.

a. Much the same as the blacks, with narrow, whitish bands.

Peculiar Odor Around Hives-4x5 Sections-Comb or
Extracted Honey ?-ltalianizing.

Last spring I purchased 5 hives and implements, known as a be-
ginner's outfit, and started in tbe bee-business. I bought 2 colonies of
black bees in common hives, and transferred them successfully to new
hives, and have at present 4 colonies. I did not gel much surplus
honey in sections; the transferring and subsequent new comb-building
seems to have given them a decided set-back, but I hope for a good
crop next year. Now, I want to ask a few (|uestions:

1. For about a week I have noticed a peculiar moldy or musty
odor in the vicinity of my hives; it is noticeable S or 10 feet from the
hives. A Mr. Neilsen, Smiles west of me, noticed the same thing, also
another bee-keeper a few miles west of town. I cannot find anything
wrong in the hives; the bees seem to do well, and have stores and
brood in all stages from eggs to sealed brood. The bees are working
now on goklenrod and aster. Is it possible these tiowers are the
cause of this peculiar odor?

2. What is the opinion of leading apiarists on the 4x5 section?
Some claim it to be the coming section. What do you think of the
Danzenbaker hive?

'A. Would a 10-frame hive be better than an ^-frame for the South?
I want to make bee-culture a leading part of my work, and want to be
up-to-date and have the best, and therefore want to be posted on he
advantages or disadvantages of different styles of hives with Hoffman
self-spacing frames; supers hold 24 4I4X4I4 bee-way sections with
J separators.

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

699

4. From a commercial point which pays the better, comb honey or
extracted? and can I use the same stylo of hive for both lunds;

5. There are uo Italian bees nearer to my place than :i miles,
while nearly every farmer around me has from 1 to 20 colonies of black
bees, not to mention the wild bees, and, literally speaking, " the
woods are full of them." Now, it I were to buy Italian queens 1 don't
see how I could keep their olTsprintr pure If is almost a certainty
that their young queens would mate with black drones, and if I would
have to keep on buying Italian queens, and destroying all queens reared
in my hives, it would be rather expensive so long as there does not
seem to be a way to control the mating of queens with such drones as
we would desire. 1 don't see how I can Italianize with profit. What
is your advice in the matter? Alabama.

AsswEKS. — 1. The probability is that the odor comes from some
plant upon which the bees are working. I have had the same thing
occur here; an exceedingly offensive smell coming from the hives,
with nothing apparently wrong otherwise, the disagreeable smell dis-
appearing in a few days.

•J. Hard to tell; those who try them and don't like them are not
likely lo say much about them, so that the testimony is rather one-
sided. Some clairu they can get a higher price for honey in tall sec-

tions, others say there is no diHerence. Much the same with the Dan-
zenbaker hive; some are <iuite eiiihusiastio over it, while others do not
approve. For my own use I prefei the dovetailed.

H. If j'ou have any considerable number of s-frame hives, and are
working for comb honey, don't think of changing to the lO-frame
without lirsl trying theui on a small scale. The difference in weight in
handling the hives counts for a good deal with some; if you don't care
for that I'm afraid the 10-frnme would be better for you. But no one
can decide the question for you so satisfactorily as you can decide it
for yourself by trying the two kinds side by side.

4. That depends upon thequalityof the houey, themarket.and the
man. I should lean toward the opinion that extracted might be better
for you, but I may be entirely wrong. The same hive may be used for
either, but if you work for extracted the probability is that you should
have a larger hive than the s. frame.

5. Most decidedly you can Italianize with profit, and most decid-
edly you'll lind it an impossibility to keep pure Italians. The first
cross between Italians and blacks, you will probably find, will give
you as much honey as pure Italians. It will be a small expense to buy
one Italian queen each year, and you can plan to have most of your
young queens reared from her. In that way you can keep up your
stock quite satisfactorily.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

nd Address on one side— Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the i'm-v Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on tile Knife. — When orderiug, be sure to say just wtiat name and
address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a uovelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifullv of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Un-
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•he subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

'I'he Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English raz'jr-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the " Noveltv " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise" to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi.
tnnate as to have one of the •'Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier: and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
J side?

The accompanying cu/ gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation ol
this_beautiful knife, as tb^ ** I^oveltj- " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.2S, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \rtREENF.w subscribers to the Bee Journal iwith$.^'«.) We will club the Noveltj

Knife and the Bee Journal for (

, both for S1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,

*S" Please allor" -"bout two weeks for vour knife order to be tilieo.

Chicago, UL

I WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

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In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

1

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9 The Fred W, Muth Co., '''*'"* uncinnati, omo. ^

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Order Your BsC'SypDlles Now El-

42Aiit R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Please mention Bee Jotimal when -writing

we can serve yoti
, and get them at
prices.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

A Peculiar Year fop Bees.

We have iiad a peculiar year. I
started witli 40 colonies, and soine were
very wealt, as tiie spring was very un-
favorable, and tiiey were on tiie point
of starving when the clover flow came,
about June l.S ; but from then until
Aug. 25 they improved all the shining
hours, and I closed the season with
2700 sections of comb honey, and 500
pounds of extracted. I extracted all
the half-filled sections, and will save
them for next year for bait. I am get-
ting 12,'2 cents for my comb honey and
10 cents for the extracted, here at
home. Wm. ClEary.

Kossuth Co., Iowa, Oct. 18.

How to Use Fopmaldehyde.

After reading many letters and items
on the use of formaldehyde as a de-
stroyer of foul brood, in the American
Bee Journal and other journals, I fail to
find sufficient insistence on the neces-
sity of having the box into which the
infected comb is placed absolutely air-
tight. Formaldehyde-gas is very dif-
fusible, and unless it is confined by
sealing up every crack or little hole
the effect will be very disappointing.
Perhaps that will explain some of the
failures reported.

C. H. GraEning, M. D.

Bremer Co., Iowa, Oct. IS.

A Wet, Cold Season.

It has been a very wet. cold season,
still the bees did well the first part of
the season. They commenced swarm-
ing the last of May, and the swarming
fever ran high in the majority of api-
aries until the first of August.

It is seldom that I have l«nown bees
to gather honey faster than they did
the past season, from the middle of
May until the first of August, when
they stopped gathering any surplus
honey in this vicinity.

I started in the spring wtih IS colo-
nies, nearly all Italians, but a few
hybrids. They cast 27 swarms, but 10
of them clustered in S clusters^ so at
the close of the season I had 37 colo-
nies and 700 pounds of comb honey,
and if there had been a fall flow of
honey I would have had several hun-

700

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

dred pounds more. I have a home mar-
ket for all my honey, at 15 cents per
pound, and besides this I was awarded
|7.00 premium on 100 pounds of honey
at our County Fair. S. B. Smith.

Millelacs Co., Minn., Oct. 19.

A Poor Season.

This has been a poor season here, so
much rain and cool weather. My 10
colonies of bees averaged only about
IS pounds per colony.

W. W. BOTSFORD.

Dickinson Co., Iowa, Oct. 18.

Formalin Gas as a Germ-Killer.

The bee-papers have not got that
right yet about formalin. Formalin is
a gas from formaldehyde, and 40 per-
cent water, and not necessarily a trade
name. The gas does not kill germs,
but when the gas comes in contact with
the air it oxidizes into formic acid. It
is the acid that kills germs.

When we kill bees with sulphur we
also kill germs (almost as good as sul-
phur), but the bees are killed by suffo-
cation, and the germs are killed by the
acid that the fumes and air produce.
The germs are plants ; the bees are ani-
mal life. Some things will kill one and
not even injure the other. I am in
hopes that some time we may get a cure
that is sure death to germs, and will
not cause the bees to miss a meal.

Prof. Lambotte is said to have
made a big mistake, but I think he is
not entirely wrong. Bacillus alvei is
not the same as bacillus mesentericus,
but probably the former cannot become
pathogenic without the aid of the lat-
ter. J. E. Johnson.

Knox Co., 111.. Oct. 21.

Difference in Stopingr— Queen Above
Excluder.

On page SS2, " California " wants to
to know why one colony will store and
another starve. It may be the kind of
flowers they are working on, as well as
the kind of bees. Full blood, or nearly
full blood. Italians and Carniolans will
store a lot of cotton and bitterweed
honey. The blacks will store very lit-
tle cotton and hardly any 'bitterweed
honey.

On page .553, "British Columbia''
asks about the queen above an excluder.
It is not an uncommon thing for queens
to do that here ; they get through some-
how ; I had 4 or 5 cases of that kind
this year. J. S. Patton.

Hale Co., Ala.

Sections, Shippino-Gases,
Honey-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping:. PINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washintftoa St.,
49Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

OArRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

I l.r^e profile. Easy work. We fuminh capital. Send
' 10c«Qb> fo, full hue of Mmpleaiii.0 rarti.-tilars-

DRAPEB PUBLISBINQ CO.. CblcaEo, Ills.
oas« tuf^ntlOD liee Journal ^vnen w^nunp

ltW° The time to advertise is whenever you
need customers and are prepared to serve
them. — Printers' Ink.

TWO YEAES FOR $1,00

After a man succeeds in publishing
a good journal, the next step is that
of getting it into the hands of the peo-
ple, of getting them to reading it, and
becoming acquainted with its merits.
This can be done by advertising, send-
ing out sample copies, circulars, etc.
All this costs money. I think I am
safe in saying that for every new sub-
scriber I have received, I have paid out
$2.00 in advertising; hence I have of-
ten said that a publisher of a good
journal could afford to send his paper
one year free, for the sake of getting
it into new hands. It would cost no
more than other forms of advertising
and would be very effective, but, for
obvious reasons, this plan could not be
put into practice, but I am going to
come as near to it as I can. I have be-
tween 200 and 300 complete sets of
back numbers for the present year,
and as long as the supply holds out I
will send a complete set, and the rest
of this year free, to any one who will
send me $1.00 for the Review for 1904.
For a few particulars regarding the
numbers already published this year,
read the following :

Review lor 1903

JANUARY illustrates and describes a Queen
Incubator and Brooder which allows the
bees access to the cells and queens at all
times. It also contains several e.xcellent
articles on the subject of Commercial Or-
ganization among bee-keepers.

FEBRUARY contains a five-page article, per-
haps the be&t ever published, on foul brood.
It tells how to detect the disease with un-
erring certainty, to prevent its spread in
the apiarj, to keep it under control, build
up the diseased colonies, secure a good crop
of honey, and at the same lime securely rid
the apiary of the pest, all in one season, with
almost no loss.

MARCH gives the portrait of a veteran bee-
keeper of Michigan who manages oul-
ap aries 50 miles from home with only four
visits a year, averaging a profit ot $150 each
visit. He describes his methods in this is-
sue of the Review.

APRIL has a frontispiece of bronze blue show-
ing Mr. T. F. Biugham's apiary and win-
tering cellar, and Mr. Bingham describes
the cellar and its very successful manage-
ment, L. Stachelhausen tel.s how to pre-
vent bt th natural swarming and increase in
an out-apiary, and secure a fine crop of
honey.

MAY illustrates and describes a tank and
method for fumigating fuul broody comus
with formalin. This is the largest tank
and most extensive, successful experiment
that has been made.

JUNE illustrates and describes the use of the
cheapest power for bivemaking, wood-saw-
ing, feed-grinding, water-pumping, etc.— a
power windmill.

JULY has articles from such men as R. L. Tay-
lor and H. R. Boardman on '* End of the
Season problems,'" those problems that
come up just as the honey harvest is clos-
ing and preparations for winter come on
apace. Mr. M..Evoy also tells how to treat
foul brood after the hooey harvest is over.

SEPIEHBER has an article from Mr. H. R.
Boardmaa, in which he describes his win-
tering-cellar above ground, and tells how
he succeeds in controlling the temperature
and ventilation— sometimes using artificial
heat. R. L,. Taylor coatribuies an article
on "'Commercial Organization Among Bee-
Keepers," in which he -tates the case so
clearly that no more argument is needed.

OCTOBER is prettv nearly taken up with only
two ai tides. The first is by R. h. Taylor
on "The Cellar-Wintering of Bees." It is
an old subject, but Mr. Taylor has the fac-
ulty of saying new things on old subjects.
He covers the ground very completely, and
gives many a useful hint to the man who
winters his bees in the cellar. The other
article is by the Editor, in which he writes
of California as a bee-keeping State, giving
eight teautiful illustrations made from
photos taken by himself when on his re-
cent visit to California. Several of these
are full-page.

NOVEMBFRor December will be a special num-
ber in which the editor will describe that
paradise for bee-keepers. Northern Michi-
gan, using a large number of cuts made
from photos that he took last summer while
on an extended visit to that region.

Perhaps you may have in-
tend subscribing at the be-
ginning of the year — sub-
scribe now and you will get
the back numbers — wait un-
til January and it is not
likely you will get them.

Superior stocK

The price of a queen alone is $1.£0,
but I sell one queen and the Review
one year for only S2.00. Just at pres-
ent, as explained above, as long as the
supply of back numbers for 1903 holds
out, all new subscribers for 1904 will
receive them free. In other words, if
you order soon, you can get the Review
for 1903 and 1904 and a queen of the
Superior Stock next spring,for only $2.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich,

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

701

6 Percent Discount During October I

S dd for our List, and order non'. Take advantaf^e of ihi:
band ready for use.

JXJST TKCIN"!?: Oin IT

count. Have your g^oods on

I a straight line, the line

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, US A.

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Tbis luuodalion ic made by a process Ibat produces the
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sheets to the pound than any oth.'r make. V7

WttrUtufi v^ax iuio F»MH<lali«n f or Casih a Mpecialty. Bees- ^

wa.* hIm ajN Manletl ai lii;£li.-Mi price. •?

Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLI KS with price" and samples, free on ap- g

''''""'grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Gl)S. DITTNER, AU^USta. WJS. g

Sfjle Aifents for Canada. Si

r^ease mentiOD Bepjc

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RUBE'S SURPRISE. [

Well, I'll Be Bumped! Y

I don't see what I have been thinking of all summer. Here I k

could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved r

all this freight I've been throwing away and got my goods m

cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order L

sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at r

their factory prices, gest as they said. ^

A Word to the Wise is Sufficient. L

GRIGGS BROS., ■ TOLEDO, OHIO, [

I motitiOD Bee Jourtiai ^rn«n iffntliic

THE SAVING

In po8l9, stiplPH and labor pays llie ditierence In

prlc'?, and I hen it Instn so much lon:,'[_T.

PAGe: WOVEN UlUK F. NCt lO., Adrian, Jlich.

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writins

ii .sli >!i >ti xti >ii >ti >ti >ii >li >li ite. >li ti

Bee- Supplies !

Rnnt'.s finnrt.s at, Ront'.s Prices

Evervihinif usrd by B-e neeptrs.
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apolis, Ind.

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the flret 66 you
take In to start you In & good paying husl-
nesa. Send 10 cents for full line of Siimples
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO.. Chlcipo, I1I&.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
lonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-
sary,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when 'writing advertisers.

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i Let me SELL or BUY your |

I HONEY

0 If yoo have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati. S

I ♦^ IF IN NEED ^ I

2 State quantity and kind wanted, and I will qaoie yon price. I do business on the cash H

^ basis, in buyi' g or selling. tZ

a Full stock of Bee-SuppUes, the best made. Root's Goods S

S at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants. §

I C.H.W. WEBER fnTr^Mo'r^H^^"- ^- ^"^^ i

g 2146-48 Central Ave.. CINCINNATI, OHIO. g

Please mention Bee joomal wnen writing

c

Beedom Boiled Down

)

Cross Bees and Light Clothing.

White clothing, says Mr. Hutchin-
son, saves the wearer some annoyance
and stings. I have seen this stated be-
fore, but have been somewhat skepti-
cal about it. Black buttons on a light
coat, I am aware, will be attacked
sometimes by bees because the buttons
are suggestive of the eyes of an ani-
mal, and instinct seems to tell them
these are vital. I imagine that a black
hat on a person with white clothing
might be the object of an onslaught of
stings from bees enraged from any
cause. My own notion is, if one were
dressed in dark clothing, without any
contrast of white or black spots in it,
and all the surrounding objects were of
about the same tint or darkness, cross
bees would pay no more attention to it
than they would to white clothing. But
I am sure of this : That any thing
black or dark -colored, surrounded by
a white background, will attract their
attention. — Editor Root, in Gleanings
in Bee-Culture.

Great Difference in Bee-Keepers.

What a difference there is in bee-
keepers ! Some are slipshod and slov-
enly, with hives standing in a row
close together on a plank — and some of
them box-hives at that. How encour-
aging it is for an inspector of apiaries
to get into such an apiary as that when
looking for foul brood ! Then there
are bee-keepers of a little higher grade.
They have movable-conib hives, or
hives that are intended to be such, but
no foundation starters have been used,
and many of the combs might as well
be in real box-hives. Then there is
another grade still higher, but it is not
the highest. It is the man who as-
pires to be a pretty good beekeeper,
but has too many other irons in the fire,
and he neglects things. The frames
are all stuck fast, and stuck together
with brace-combs, and it is a task to
get out a comb. Then there is the man ,
who is a first-class bee-keeper. His
hives are all made exactly alike. He
uses foundation ; he keeps the brace-
combs scraped from the top-bars ; his
hives are level; the combs can be re-
moved with the fingers with no prying
from any knife or lever. Everything
is orderly in his honey-house. He has

^TfoNE^JARsT

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at f4 00 per gros . Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sampe o' either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f r postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62 Cortlandt St , ^EW > ORK CITY.

41Alf Please mention the Bee Joan

al.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, GlrlB, old and younK alikb,

make money working for us.

We fnniteh c.pluU lOBUnyon in bafll.

luH. Bend na 10c KUmps or silver for foil In.trocnons sod s lioe ot

.M1J.1.S10 work with. UKAPER PUBLISHI^O CO.,Clilcato,ia

t^f Building- up a business is 111,6 building
a house — you must start at the foundation
and work up. — White's Savings, in Printers'
Ink.

702

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

a place for everything', and everything
is in it. The covers are always put on
square and true. Reader, in which
class do you belong? — Bee-Keepers'
Review.

Stores Necessary for Wintering.

We are constantly asked the question,
" How many pounds of stores are neces-
sary for wintering?" A good deal
depends on the strength of the colony,
and very much on whether it is to be
wintered outdoors or indoors. The
average outdoor colony in this latitude
requires anywhere from 20 to 25
pounds ; for indoors, from 15 to 18
pounds will make a safe allowance.
The indoor colony may not consume
during its actual confinement, more
than 4 or 5 pounds, while the outdoor
colony, during the same period, may
not require more than 10 pounds. If
this is the case, why should not every
one vpinter indoors ? Because it is not
positively proven yet that the extra
amount of stores consumed outdoors
does tiot give a more vigorous colony
in the spring. — Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture. _

Alfa\fa and Sweet Clover.

Many intelligent farmers prize red
clover highly on account of its ability
to gather nitrogen from the atmos-
phere, and they are slowly learning the
values of other clovers as well. An
important point to know, is the fact
that for the success of any one of the
clover family, including sweet clover,
red clover, and alfalfa, there must be
in the soil the bacteria that belong to
that one plant, and there is hope that
when the soil of the Kast becomes in-
oculated with the bacteria of alfalfa, it
may succeed just as well in the East as
in the West. The following is from
J. E. Johnson, of Knox Co., 111., in the
American Bee-Keeper :

Alfalfa has been tried in Illinois for
many years by different ones but with-
out success until Prof. Hopkins began
growing it on infected soil, where he
• has found it to do well, producing as
high as lO'z tons per acre in a single
season. Prof. Hopkins, of the Illinois
Experiment Station, has, this year,
sent infected soil to something like 200
farmers in Illinois for alfalfa growing,
so Illinois bids fair to become an al-
falfa-growing State.

Now, one thing more. Of all the
bacteria that inhabit the soil and cause
the clover to live from the nitrogen of
the air, sweet clover is probably the
most powerful of all, which shows
plainly for itself, as it will thrive and
produce both seed and honey in abun-
dance on soil so poor that the worst
weeds will not grow at all, and even on
alkali land, that is poison to nearly all
other vegatation.

Why is this? Simply that sweet
clover, when aided by its own bacteria,
lives almost entirely from the nitrogen
of the air (of course, getting a small
amount of phosphates, etc., from the
soil). Not only so, but these nitrogen-
gathering bacteria are constantly and
silently gathering nitrogen — the most
precious element to plant-life — and
placing it in the soil.

One sweet clover plant will furnish

WEAK
EYES

CURED

AT HOME.

nou3Clia,i„'e3 specialists extort

,^ the eyes caa be saved by a

simple but certain home cu
not only saved dollars fort
saved eye sight of inestimable value. The

Chilian Eye Treatment

cataracts without the Itnife, at

cures granulated lids, floating

_cums, grrowths, sore and inflamed

,^3, failinK si^ht. or we refund your

_joney. Send full description of your case

and ask for our free booklet and advice.

Chilian Remedy Co., 67 G St , Gushnell, Illinois

Don't.

Order your HIVES until
you g^et our prices. We are
raakiaer ibe Dovetailed Hive

from Michiifad Wbite Pioe
—the best pine on earth. 10
perceni discouui trora now until Dec. 1.

Z\ THE WO0D = BRUSH BEE-HIVE
- AND BOX CO.,

rjAisrsi3src3-, - ik^iCH.

4:Atf Please mention the Bee J.iurnal.

<<GET A DANDY ''f

the fastest cutting bone cutter made,
double your etlK yield. Sold on
days' trial. $."i.nO up. Catalneue free.

Stratton Mfg. Co., Boi21,Erie,PaJ

The Nickel Plate Road

will sell tickets within distances of 150
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30, 19113. Three through trains daily
to Ft.Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New York, Boston and New England
points, carrying vestibuled sleeping-
cars. No excess fare charged on any
train on Nickel Plate Road. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 35c to SI. 00 ; also a la carte. Chi-
cago City Ticket Offices, 111 Adams
St., and Auditorium Annex. 'Phone
Central 2057. Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.

MountUniiGolleoe \

Open to both sexes from the begin- \

ning. Founded in 1846, Highest grade /*

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 W

instructors. Alumni aud students occu- i*

pying highest positions in Church aud /*

State. Expenses lower than other col- W

leges of equal grade. Any young person i

with tact and energy can have an educa- r*

tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

for catalog. \.

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, f

Alliance, Ohio. w

*'What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABBLLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tuuate in city lite. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose esperieoces among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an iasight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON,
227 East Ohio Strebt, Chicago, III.

a home in its tubercles for a thousand
million bacteria, or even more. Now,
in the far East are old farms which
have become so deficient in nitrogen
that they are considered worn out or
worthless, and have been abandoned,
notwithstanding these farms contain
the other elements in abundance, or
could be so with slight cost, as the
other elements are cheap in price.

If sweet clover were sown on these
same farms they could be made valu-
able and rich almost without cost. In-
fected soil would probably have to be
also sown to get quick results, but
when once set thickly to sweet clover,
with their nitrogen-gathering bacteria,
ten acres of the same would gather
nitrogen from the air and fix it in the
soil, when plowed under, faster than
one man could haul it in a wagon from
the nearest city in the form of barn-
yard manure. That despised sweet
clover will some day be found to be
the only hope of reclaiming many bar-
ren farms.

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
roiintl point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle o£ the pen
are made of piatina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leali or blot.

As they make a line of uni-
form ^vidlb at all times
they are uneqaialed ior
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
tiller aud cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the '' Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send two new StTBSCRIBERS

to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
Jl.PO for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for iil.OO we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

'"t"e Peno"" QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III

For Sale

so good «troag colonies
of BEES, io frame
hives, wilti supers and
fixtures included, for
».;uo. CHA8. D. DAY.

J4 Kit NoKTHflMI'TON. Pa.

Please mention Bee Joun;al when TwritinK,

Oct. 29, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

703

CONVENTION NOTICES.

THE " REVERE HOUSE,"

LanQSiroition...

Ttl6H016llB66

Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This IS a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

The Eye is more sensitive and subject to more
diseases than any other part of the body.
Ninety nine out of a hundred cases of poor or
failing e;yesigbt are due to simple little troubles
that are easily cured; and most of the serious
diseases of the eye that cause blindness beffin
with thcf-e simple little troubles. People usu-
ally rush to a spectacle dealer and buj glasses
wh' never they find that they cannot see clearly,
which is like getting crutches for some little
sore on your foot, instead of treating the sore.
There are about 40 diseases of the eje. but only
a few of them are painful, and it is natural to
most people to think that if Ihere is no pain,
there is no disease; hence the most serious of
these diseases are often neglected until they
are so far advanced that when one goes to a
specialist, he insists upon an operation and a
big fee, or a long, troublesome course of treat-
ment and a big bill.

One of the most useful things ever published
is a little book on " Diseasesof the liye," which
describes and illustrates the most common of
these diseases and explains a simple system of
treatment by mail by which ihe trouble is
easily diagnosed and treated bv simple, harm-
less remedies. This book is sent free by the
Chilian Remedy Co , Bushnell, 111. It shows
how painful, dangerous and expensive opera-
tions can be avoided in the treatment of cat-
aract and other eye diseases by using simple
remedies discovered by one of the most Jamous
eye specialists of the age, without using the
knife or taking the chancesof blindness, whuh
often results from operations. Please mention
the American Bee Journal when writing.

Chicago-Northwestern. The regular annual
meeting of the chicago-Northwesiern Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Ruora, southeast corner of North
Clark and Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday. Dec. £ and 3, Via The Revere
House has made a rale of 75 cents per person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on the Ameiican plan at $2
per day. Owing to the Revere House furnishing
FKKK a place lor holding jur meeting, we feel
that all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention Dr. C.C.Miller, Er-
nest K.Ro. t, W.Z.Hutchinson, Emerson T.
Abbott, N. E. France, Inspector J. Q. Smith,
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signified
their intention to be present. Pin this in your
hat. There will be one of the best meetings
ever held in Chicago. Everybody come.

Herman F. Moore, Sec.

George W. York, Pres.

P. S. — It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
litile appliances as they have that are consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.

Connecticut.— The Connecticut iJee-Keepers*

Association will hold their fall meeting in the
Capitol at Hartford, on Nov. 4. All bee-keepers
are cordially invited to attend. For full In-
formation, write the Secretary.

Mrs. Edwin E. Smith, Sec.
Watertowd, Conn.

Missouri.— The Mif^souri State Bee-Keepers'
AsRuciaiion will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec, 15,
19U3. J. W. Rouse will act as host lo direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at ihe
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
bi dy who is interested in t ees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer-
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
you can return for S fare.

W. F. Gary, Sec. J. W. Rouse, Pres.

Illinois.— The Illinois State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Nov. 17 and IS, 1903. It
has been so arranged that all who become
members of the State Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will for
the same be made a member of the National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago Northwestern
Associations. Efforts will be made at our
coming meeting to give nlso a membership in
the Chicago-Northwestern for the same $1.00
fee. providing it can be so arranged.

Railroad fare has been promised on all the
roads in the Central Division of one fare for the
round trip, and a fare and a third on theothei s;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter. Will
announce later, as to ra Iroad fare.

Jas. a. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincianati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up io
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146^18 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

For Thanksgiving; Day

a rate of one fare and a third for the
round trip has been authorized to
points within ISO miles on the Nickel
Plate Road, good returning to and in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903. La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the El
evated Loop. City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 27— 44A4t

11^'' The majority of people are honeKt.
Not from mere policy, but from the moral
comfort honesty assures. — Printers' Ink.

"TELEPHONE

FACTS FOR
FARMERS"

what the farm
"straiKht froir
will post :

• telephone Information (rivini; jut^
r wants to know about 'plionen. j
the shouldt-r" tallT. A book tha
n buy riRht. Sent free if yoi

-k y i A'ldress nearest offii

Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Co., Rochester, N.Y., Chicago,

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MAKKKT QIOTATIDNS

Chicaoo, Oct. 21.— Sales are not frequent,
with No. 1 10 fancy whi.e comb honey brin^lnjr
13(wI4c per pound. To obtain ISJi'n'Hc it has
to be perfect and in sections th t will not wei^h
over 14tolS ounces: sections that weigh 16
ounces and over have to be sold at from I to .^c
less per pound Extracted, white, sells at 6fa*7c
in barrels; ii%((ili4c io cans, accnrding to qual-
ity. Beeswax, 2S@30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

BuFiAi.o, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demand for
while comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cui. Fancy whi e comb, 14(onSc; A No. 1. \3ii
@l4c; No. 1, 13@13«c; No. 2, 12@12!^c; No. 3,
li@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c. No 2, 10®llc.
White extracted, 6!i;'ai7c: amber, 6ia6.>ac; dark,

5ii(m(,c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Oct. '8.— Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at ISc; No. 1, at 16c; ;;lass-front rases
fancy white, at I6c; No. 2, at 14.:. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6'>;@7>ic, according to quality.
Blake. Scott & I,ee.

Cincinnati, Oct. 21— The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from 5@5HiC: in cans about half cent more;
waier-whiie allalfa, 6@6^e cents; white clover,
bht&'Hc- The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Fancy water-
while, 14('ail5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N. Y., Oct. 18.— Honey market still
firm for honey in comb and receipts not equal
to demand; fancy white, l6c; No. 1, )5c; mixed
14i4@iSc; buckwheat, 13i.6@i4S,c. Extracted'
quiet; white, 7(gt7^ac: mi.ved, 6^^7c; dark'
bmWc. lleeswax, 29@30c. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, psr case {3.00; No. 1
white and amber, J2.7S, No. 2, fi.^13. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(3160. Beeswax, 2S(a.30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
5K@65^c: white clover, 6^.i(g(7}^c. Fancy comb
honey, ISc. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 23.— Comb honey is arriving
quile freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy while, 13@l4c for No
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet
and prices are hardly established. *

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 2H(giZ9c per pound.

Hildreth & Segelken.

San Francisco, Oct. 14.— White comb, 1-lb
frames, I3(ail4 cents: amber, 9@llc. Extracted'
white, 6«i6)4c; light amber, S>i@6c; amber!
S@SHc: dark amber, 4%®ii4c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 2V)^@2'>c; dark, 25@26c.

The outward movement continues lively.
Three sailing vessels clearing the past week
for England took an aggregate of 876 cases ex-
tracted, making the shipments from this port
bv sea in the past fortnight over 1500 cases.
There have been tolerably heavy receipts in
the meantime and there is still considerable of-
fering. Market is rather easy in tone, extreme
current quotations being more in accord with
the views of holders, than with the bids of
wholesale operators.

WANTED ! '^'^^^^ HONEY

In no-dnp shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are pei haps the only dejlers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings. Tbos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

704

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 29, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
ID the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yoti
Mill luot be disappoinietl.
We are undersold Ity no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

W. M, Gerbish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our ^^oods at catalog- prices.
Order of hira and save Ihe freight.

▼▼▼▼▼▼

please menuOL Bee Joumai %vt\eii ■wntinfi.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount, to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of ^uods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Sfod for Catalog-.

M H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich.
Flease mention Bee journal wnen wntins

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

piHasB moDtlOQ Bue J

T. F. BINOHAM. Parwell. Mich.

«nCbr MUNCT and easy to make
If yoo work for as. We will start you in
oOfilnesB and fumisb the capital. Work
light and easy. Bend 10 cents for full
line of samples and particulars.
ORAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO., Cblcaso. Ills.

Lono Tongues VaiuaBie

South as well as North.

How Moore's strain of Italians roll in the
honey down in Texas.

BUTTO, Tex., Nov. 19, 1902.

J. P. MooRE. — Dear Sir:— I wish to write you
in regard to queens purchased of you. [could
have written sooner, but I wanted to test them
thoroughly and see if tbey had those remarka-
ble qualities of a three-banded Italian bee. I
must confess to you I am more surprised every
day as I watch them. They simply " roll the
honey in." It seems that they get honey where
others are idle or trying to rob; and for gentle-
ness of handling, I have never seen the like.
Friend E. R. Root was right when he said your
bees have the longest tongues; for they get
honey where others fail. I will express my
thanks for such queens. I am more than
pleased. I will stock my out-apiaries next
spring with your queens.

Yours truly, Henry Schmidt.

The above is pretty strong evidence that red
clover is not the only plant which requires
long tongue bees to secure the greatest quantity
of nectar.

Daughters of my 23-100 breeder, the prize-
winner, and other choice breeders: Untested,
7S cents each; six,t4 00; dozen, $7.50. Select
untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Cir-
cular free. I am filling all orders by return
mail, and sh ill probably be able to do so till
the close of the season.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Moroan, Ku.

31Atf Pendleton Co.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing Advertisers.

^la,Je^iliJa^Jil^JiiJliJS,JS,J^s,Je.Je,JiiJa:,Ji^J!S,J^

iti} Dadant s Foundation

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^rTh^'S^^ElsXlloEtri'J''-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.

Why

HnpC it ei^ll an v^f»II7* Because it has always given better satik-
UUCa IL SCII »U well r faction thati any other. Because In 25 years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstrolh on Ihe Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Flease mention Bee Jotimal 'when 'writing.

6 Percent Discount

DURilVfi THE MONTH OF OCTOBER.

There is every evidence that there will be a heavy demand for
goods the coming season ; and if you defer placing your order until
next February or March, you will not only lose your discount, but
may have to wait for the filling of your order some weeks. Indeed,
you can afi'ord to borrow money, and get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.

Every Month You Waft, it will Cost You 1 Percent
Per Month.

The styles of goods will be about the same for next season, so
there is no use waiting for a new Catalog. But remember prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material ; but if you

Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount

you will not be paying any more for your goods than last year. A
word to the wise is suflficient.

The A. L Root Co*, Medina, Ohio.

BK-A-lSrCH OFFICES. SS

CHICAGO, ILI.., 144 E. Erie St. SYRACUSE, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee St. ^

ST. PAUL, JVllNN., 1024 Miss. St. PHILADELPHIA, PA., 10 Vine St. ^g

WASHINGTON, D.IC, 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W. ^p

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE. RS^

Please meution Bee Jotirnal wtien WTJtina,

Dee Journal

43d Year.

CHICAGO, ILL., NOV. 5, 1903.

No. 45,

No. 1.— Apiary of S. T. Crim, of Sang^amon Co , 111.

No. 4. — Apiarj of Peter Fleming, of Clinton Co., Iowa.

No. 2.— Apiary and Family of the Late Louis N. Meyer, Sr.,
of Niagara Co., N. Y.

No. 5.— Apiary of S. A. Matson, of Nodaway Co., Mo.

No. 3.— Apiarj of A. W. Swan, of Nemaha Co., Kan.

No. 6.— Apiary of C. A. Fairbanks, of Jones Co., Iowa.

706

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 5, 1903.

PDBLISHBD WE«!KLY BY-

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, Hi.

Entered at the Post-0 (Bee at Chicago as Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
C3-E30K,OE3 'W. 'S'OK.K:.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Or.C.C.Millek, E.E.Hasty, Emma M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AlKlN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y,
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLITi IE, Corodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif,

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

E^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is u ,>.iy

pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
a pin on the underside to

lasteu it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Something About (lar Ist-Page Pictiires.

No. 1— Apiary of S. T. Crim.

The preacher's boy came over, and
he had a little box in his hand that
looked like a toy canon. After he had
opened it he said he would shoot. I
told him to cut loose, and here we are.
My wife and little niece pretended to
be bee-keepers, and they got shot, too.
Our cousin from Springfield was stand-
ing in the shade of a plum-tree, and
you see she is still in the shade.

This is only a part of my apiary. I
have 68 colonies, starting last spring
with 26. My bees are doing well this
season. I caught several stray swarms
and doubled up the small swarms.

I am 63 years old, and have worked at
the blacksmith trade since I was 17,
but have retired from such labor. I
have kept bees for 30 years in the old-
fashioned way, and I never knew there
was such a thing as a bee-paper pub-
lished until three years ago. You see I
have lost all these years whereby I
might have been a rich man in the bee-
business. Since I have been reading
the American Bee Journal I have found
out a way to make bee-keeping profit-
able. Two years ago I tore up all my
box-hives, and now have my bees in 8-
frame dovetailed hives. I do love the
hum of the honey-bees. Oh, what
music they make !

Well, thislittle nieceof ours is named
Miron Cooper; she goes among the bees
and never gets stung. She is 5 years
old. Some time ago a swarm came out
and settled on a small cherry-tree. Lit-
tle Miron said she would help me hive
them. So she skipped out, and I got
the hive ready and went out to the tree,
and there she was up the tree above
the bees helping herself to the cherries.

The last of June I run out of hives,
and could not wait to get them from
the dealer, so I resorted to nail-kegs.
I got along very well until I filled the
third keg — I had too many bees, they
could not all get in the keg, and in the
evening they left it. I prepared an-
other, and hived them as before ; the
next day they swarmed again, they
crossed the street and settled on a plum
tree in my neighbor's yard, so I pre-
pared another keg and took it over and
put the keg under the plum-tree, and
.set the ladder up to bring them down.
They must have seen the keg, for they
let go and departed across the corn-
field to parts unknown. I said, " Good-
by."

I was amused at my neighbor. The
nest day he said, " Yourswai-m of bees
left you, and did not take their queen
with them." I asked him how he
knew the queen was left behind ? He
said: "Because his wife told him the
queen got after her and run her into
the house." I told him it was a drone !
S. T. Ckim.

Sangamon Co., 111., July 28, 1903.

No. 2— Apiary of Louis N. Meyer.

Mr. Louis N. Meyer, Sr., passed away
about a year ago. Louis, Jr., is shown
in the picture with the rest of the fam-
ily. Their bees are mostly Italians, in
modern hives. The parents of Mr.
Meyer, Sr., had kept bees in Germany.

Louis, Jr., reports that they had very
few colonies until his father subscribed
forthe American Bee Journal, then the
apiary increased to about 45 colonies.
The father's desire was that Louis, Jr..
stick to the bee-business, which he is
faithfully doing.

No. 3— Apiary of A. W. Swan.

I send a photograph of my apiary, or
rather what is left of it, which was
taken in July, 1902, there being at that
time 70 colonies of bees, and at the
present time there are 42 left. I lost
28 colonies through the winter and
spring. We have had three very poor
seasons here in Kansas, either too dry
or too wet, mostly wet. For the last
year it has rained nearly all the time
during clover bloom, and it is still at
it. It has rained every day except one
since white clover commenced bloom-
ing, which was about May 20. I have
been feeding up to the present time,
and to-day the bees are booming on
white clover, and yellow sweet clover,
which is blooming well.

A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kans., May 4, 1903.

No. 4— Apiary of Peter Fleming.

It seems to be quite fashionable for
bee-keepers to send to the Bee Journal
pictures of their apiaries for publica-
tion, so I thought it might not come
amiss to send a picture of a portion of
one of my apiaries.

I am running for comb honey exclu-
sively, not the so-called, but the gen-
uine, and of the choicest quality. The
picture was taken June 28, 1903, and
shows that the bees are doing fair busi-
ness for the time of year.

The apiary is under two apple-trees
that are well laden with fruit, as one
can judge by the number of props un-
der the limbs, and "your humble
servant" standing against one of
them. They are past SO years old, and
still bear well, the bodies being 2 feet
in diameter. The ladder seen stand-
ing between the hives is where we
went after a swarm ; they get the start
of me and drive out an occasional.
swarm, and I have other duties and
cannot give them proper attention, but
I give them as good attention as a one-
horse bee-keeper can.

Peter Fleming.

Clinton Co., Iowa, July 22.

No. 5— Apiary of S. A. Matson.

I send you a picture of my bee-yard,
in which there were about 60 colonies
when it was taken. The hives face
east, and the picture was taken from
the northwest. The two trees on the
left are apple, and the others are peach
trees. The picture was taken the lat-
ter part of September, just after the
supers had been removed.

Last year (1902) was a poor one ; the
bees stored but little surplus, and that
of very poor quality. Our main source
is white clover, and it did not afi'ord
anything. S. A. MaTSOn.

Nodaway Co., Mo.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 5, 1903,

No. 45.

c

Editorial Comments

An Invitation to Subscribe.

This number of tbe American Bee Journal will go to sereral
thousand bee-keepers who are not now getting it regularly. Will
such please consider this an urgent invitation to subscribe? We want
vou on our list of regular weekly readers. A good time to begin to
read the Bee Journal is now. Read during the coming winter, and
thus get ready for (bee) business next spring.

Get a Book About Bees.

In replying to a set of questions sent io by a subscriber, the British
Bee Journal prefaces Its answers by saying:

"The first advice we otter to beginners is to procure a ' Guide-
Book ' on bee-keeping, without the help of which it is like groping in
the dark with bee-operations."

That bit of advice is one that holds good as well on this side the
Dcean, aad applies to all localities. Whether you call it a " text-
book," " bee-book," "guide-book," or what-not, a book of instruc-
tion in bee-keeping is indispensable, and the bee-keeper who tries to
get along without one is penny-wise and pound-foolish.

Smoking Hives at tlie Entpanee.

This is condemned by some as seldom or never necessary. It is
well to be considerate of the feelings of the bees, and drenching with
a volume of smoke sufficient to drive them out of the hive is to be
deplored; but if smoke is to be used at all. it should be used where it
will do the most good, and where the least amount will sutBce. Many
of the veterans make a practice of giving a preliminary puff at the
entrance, and they seem to have good reason for it. For the bees,
whose special duty it is to guard against intruders— tbe ones that dart
out to attack an approaching enemy — are not stationed in the inner-
most recesses of the hive, but at the entrance. The tirst jar caused
by the opening of the cover is the signal for them to rush forth, and
once out they are not easily paciBed. A little smoke at the entrance,
before the hive is touched, may prevent their issuing at all.

Ventilation of Hives in Winter.

How much ventilation shall I give my bees for winter J is the
question that svill now be asked by many. If your bees are to be cel-
lared, you can not give too much ventilation, and it matters little
where it is given — this referring to the ventilation of the hive, not of
the cellar. In the time of box-hives, the right thing to do was to turn
the hive upside down, leaving it entirely open above. It the ventila-
tion is given in the usual waj- — at the bottom — the bottom-board may
be left oft and the hive raised in some way so air will have free access.
Or, the hive may be raised from the bottom-board by blocks at the
corners. An excellent way is to have bottom-boards two inches deep,
with the front entrance entirely open.

For outdoor wintering, give strong colonies an entrance of 3
square inches— weaker colonies in proportion. That would mean an
entrance ',xS, '• ,x6, etc.

The Bee-Keepers' Convention Season.

This usually opens with the annual meeting of the National,
which, this year, was held in Los Angeles. Then follow, a little later,
the Illinois State, Chicago-Northwestern, Minnesota, Colorado, Onta-
rio (in Canada), Michigan, California, Wisconsin, etc.

We notice that several other States are planning to hold conven-
tions, notably Missouri, Ohio, Kansas, etc. Some day we hope there
will be a bee-keepers' organization in every State.

Bee-keepers in this country have not begun to attend conventions
as they do in Europe. We have all been too busy with other things
to get away, it seems. At least it appears that such has been the case.
But bee-keepers need to " turn over a new leaf " in this regard. Con-
ventions are a wonderful incentive and inspiration. They are sug-
gestive, too. One often hears things said on such occasions that, if
remembered and practiced, are often worth several times over the ex-
pense involved in attending the convention.

And then the personal contact with others in conventions. How
invaluable is that. We would not take a great deal for the pleasure
and help it has been to us in meeting the leaders and experts of bee-
dom at the conventions we have attended. The only time we ever saw
Father Langstroth was at a convention— the last one he ever attended,
for he died about a month thereafter.

Plan to attend just as many conventions of bee-keepers as you
possibly can. You will not regret it, either in the present or after
years.

Keeping Ants Out of Hives.

In Gleanings in Bee-Culture, H. A. Higgins tells of beating ihe
ants in the following manner:

Stakes are made ?' . inches long, and made of 2x4 scantling; and
instead of being sharpened and driven into the ground they are sawn
flat, fastened on the ends of the 2x4, on the bottom-board, and the
ends inserted into old (or new) quart fruit or tomato cans: and each
morning the cans are filled with fresh water. The ground around the
hives is sometimes alive with ants, but they never get into the hive.
I have seen only one aut on the hive since I have used the cans, and
that was caused by neglecting to fill the cans for two or three days.
The only trouble to speak of is filling the cans, and that is not much
when you take into consideration the good derived from it, as the
bees will water at the cans, and will not have to go far tor water. 1
have never seen a bee at my watering-trough, which stands about ao
steps from the hives. They all water from the stakes.

There is nothing particularly new in this, and in the North ants
are seldom so troublesome as to warrant taking so much pains, but in.
the South they become a serious matter.

Why Do Bees Ball Their Own Queen ?

It is not an infrequent thing to find bees balling their own queen.
Why? Some say they are roused to anger by being disturbed, and
then attack the queen. Others say they cluster about the queen to
protect her. There seems rather more reason for the latter view. The
queen is the most important " personage " in the queendom, and why
should they not be solicitous for her welfare? The outcome favors
such a view, for when the queen is found balled by her own bees, if
tbe hive is quietly closed at once, the queen will be found all right at
the next visit. That, after all, is the important matter to know— that ■
the thing to do to insure the safety ot the queen is to close up the hive
at once. It disturbance is continued, the bees may hug the queen
long enough to starve her. even if they do think they are thereby
saving her.

708

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. S, 1903.

Importance of Reading Bee-Papers.

This can hardly be over-estimated by auy one wiio desires to make
a real success of keeping bees. We do not say liiis because we iiave
a bee-paper to sell, but because it is true. Read what Mr. W. L.
Coggshall says on this subject, in a late number of Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:

When I see a good labor-saving device it makes my heart glad; or
when some bee-keeper writes an article that gives a shorter cut for
doing anything, it pleases me, and I say to myself, " He is a benefac-
tor." To be an up-to-date bee-keeper one must read everything be-
tween the covers of the bee-journals, advertisements and all. Don't
skip a thing if you are starling in to make money out of heee.

Out of the 15 young men who have worked for me at bees, 12 are
stir, doing so for a living. The most successful ones are farmers' boys
who were willing to do any kind of work on the farm. The most suc-
cessful ones are those who read the most, and talked bees at all times
and places.

I wish to emphasize the fact that a desire to talk bees is impor-
tant. It is better to have it as a hobby if one would succeed.

When it is remembered that Mr. Coggshall is one of the very
largest bee-keepers in the world, his words should have some weight.

The fact is, a bee-keeper, like any other business man, can not
know too much about his business. No one bee-paper, no more than
any one man, contains all the information there is to be had. So it is
best to read as much as possible, and from as many different sources
as one can. And if you don't see what you want of practical informa-
tion in the American Bee Journal, all you have to do is to ask for it —
that is, if you are a regular paid subscriber to it. Of course, any bee-
keepers who are not subscribers to this journal, have no right to its
invitation to ask questions whenever they so desire. Not even a bee-
paper can be run very long on air alone. It takes rash to pay for
white paper, press-work, printers, etc. But every honest person is
glad to pay for what he gets that is really valuable.

The Literature of Bee-Keeping.

Did you ever think of the valuable and helpful literature that the
industry of bee-keeping has developed in the past 50 years? Not only
can those who seek information concerning bee-culture and honey-
production find it in the large and complete volumes of bee-books, but
the current publications, issued weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly,
afford most lively and up-to-date reading. Current events, as related
to bees and bee-keeping, are reported, and thus put in permanent and
useful form.

How many present-day bee-keepers ever stop to think of the
advantage they have over their predecessors of a halt century ago 1
The growth of recorded information has been wonderful. Now, by
getting one of the several excellent bee-books, and one or more of the
bee-papers, any one with a little determination and application, can
soon learn to handle bees profitably, and with much pleasure as well.
But no one should think of starting with bees without first getting one
of the best books on the subject. Even if one never does a thing with
bees, such a book is well worth reading, simply for recreation and
general information, if no higher motive.

Of course, the bee-papers will be found in the home of every bee-
keeper who expects or desires to be successful with bees. It takes too
long to discover everything by and for one's self. Life is too short,
and competition too fierce now, to permit the ox -cart method of travel
when the automobile method can be had. Read up in winter, and
practice in summer, is a pretty good way to proceed. To be sure,
some reading by way of current bee-papers should be done at all times
of the year. Reading and practice. Both are needed.

Horizontal Bar in the Brood-Frame.

Frank McNay, of Los Angeles Co., Calif., writes as follows :
On page 643, is mentioned a horizontal t:)ar instead of wires in
brood-frames. Can you tell us how it is put in the frame, dimensions
of Slick, etc.? Also, is a full sheet of foundation used, or two half
sheets?

The Australian journal, from which the clipping was taken, made
no mention of particulars, but it is quite prpbable that the middle bar
was simply a bar the same length as the inside length of the frame,
two half sheets of foundation being used. Better not try it on too
large a scale at first. ^^_^_____^

Honey-Prices in England.

These seem better than on this side, so that the British bee-keeper
may well be satisfied with a smaller yield. Twenty-five cents for
comb, and 12 for extracted, are spoken of as prices not unusual.

Miscellaneous Items

]

Ohio Bee-Keepers are at work trying to secure afoul-brood
law. Success to them.

Kditor E. K. Root announces in Gleanings in Bee-Culture that
in the coming election for National Association directors, he is not a
candidate for re-election. The office of director is no sinecure, and
one can hardly blame Mr. Root for desiring to cut off some of the
many demands upon his time, but his declining to serve longer will be
a matter of regret to many, for he has been a most efficient officer. It
will not be easy to ftpd so faithful and conscientious a successor.

Herman F. 3Io<>re, of Park Ridge, Cook Co., 111., has been
appointed a deputy inspector of apiaries for northern Illinois. He is
about 15 miles northwest of Chicago. Any bee-keepers who may
desire his services at any time, should address him as above. Mr.
Moore is the hustling secretary of the Chicago-Norlhwestern Bee-
Keepers' Association, and to his untiring and faithful efforts, more
than to any other one person, is due the success and prosperity of that
organization.

Buckwheat Cakes and Honey. — Four-year-old Garland is
devoted to his young and beautiful Aunt Louise. One morning, as
she was talking to him from the second-story window while he gave
her ecstatic answers from the brick sidewalk, he suddenly held up
his chubby arms and called up to her:

" Throw yourself down in my arms, auntie! I'll catch you."

" Why, Garland, if I were to do that," his auntie said, laughing,
" I might make a buckwheat cake of you."

" Well, then, auntie," said the gallant little lover, " I'd be the
buckwheat cake and you'd be the honey!'' — Selected.

O. O. Poppleton, of Dade Co., Fla., wrote us as follows Oct.
24, 1903 :

Friend York: — I expect to leave in about a week for a six or.
eight weeks' cruise in my launch down among the Florida Keys. We
will visit both the coral and the sponge reefs while gone. We will be
almost entirely away from mail facilities, getting letters only; no
papers while gone. We will live in our boat, moving from place to
place as the notion takes us. Such a life down here in the tropics
will be a little different from the one you will be living with all the
surroundings of a big city, with the cold and storms of the North.

With well wishes for Mrs. York and yourself.

Yours as ever, O. O. Poppleton.

What a nice time Mr. Poppleton will have in that delightful snm-
merland — or summerwa(er — trip. It does seem that some people are
more fortunate than others. But we are glad our good friend can
have such an outing. It will do him good.

Look at Your Wrapper-Label.— According to the ruling of
the Posl-Oflice Department at Washington, as announced heretofore
in the Bee .Journal, unexpired subscriptions to any newspaper or
magazine do not constitute legitimate subscriptions, so as to maintain
the second-class rate of postage. In view of this, we are compelled
to stop sending the American Bee Journal as soon as the subscription
or time paid for expires.

Please look at your wrapper-label, and if it reads " nov03," it
means that your subscription ends with this month. If it is " dec03,''
it will expire with the end of next month.

We trust that all whose subscriptions expire will renew promptly,
so as not to miss a single copy of the old American Bee Journal.
Remember our liberal offers, which we will repeat here: Two years
for $1.S0 ; 3 years for .$2 50 ; or 5 years for .*!4.00.

Also, when sending in your own renewal, why not get a new reader
for a year, to send with iti For securing ticn new subscribers (at
Sl.OO each), we mail you free a copy of Dr. Miller's book, " Forty
Y'ears Among the Bees;" or for three new subscribers (at $1.00 each)
you can have your choice of either Prof. Cook's "Bee-Keepers'
Guide," " Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," or " A BC of Bee-Culture,''
Surely, here is an opportunity to get some splendid bee-literature for
a very little effort. Either of the last three books with the Journal a
year, both for S^a.OO.

But, above all, don't let yourown subscription expire. There will
soon be just one department that will be worth, several limes over, the
amount of a year's subscription. This will be announced later. But
think of all the other helpful departments in the Bee Journal each
week! The American Bee Journal will simply be invaluable the com-
ing year. A good many say it is that now.

Nov. S, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

709

I Convention ProccedinSs j

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedingrs of the 34th Annual

Meetings of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from page o''S.)

REMINISCENCES OF BEE-KEEPING AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.

J. S. Harbison — I did not expect to be called on here to
make a speech. I have been a worker and not a speaker,
and if I give you a rambling talk, it will be all you should
expect.

I may as well start out a little on the lines my friend,
Mr. Root, who has just preceded me, has suggested, and go
back to the early trials and tribulations of bee-keeping in
my experience.

My father kept bees from my earliest recollection, and
I became the owner of bees at quite an early age, and did
much of the work of taking care of my father's apiary,
which consisted of probably 20, 30 — SO hives at most.

I came to California in 1854, landed in San Francisco
Nov. 20, which will be 49 years the coming November. My
first experience was the importation of fruit-trees, which I
carried on for two years, and laid the foundation for those
great orchards on the Sacramento River, extending from
Marysville to Lower Sacramento.

During those two years I studied the flora of California,
and became satisfied that bee-keeping wou'd succeed. After
I had made a shipment and returned, I sold out my tree and
nursery interests in the winter of '56, and returned, say in
April, '57, with the intention of preparing a shipment of
bees for California, and I made that shipment, as I did not
know of there being any bees in California until after my
getting the shipment to California.

When I returned to my home in Lawrence Co., Pa.,
and there prepared my bees, I took chosen lumber, had it
sawed out about js of an inch thick, and made boxes of
about a cubic foot capacitj'. I made them light, because we
had to pay at the rate of about SI. 00 a pound freight from
Newcastle, Pa., to Sacramento, hence it required economy
in preparing the hives. When I was ready to ship them I
added a chamber of about 3x8x13 inches, as a place for them
to get off their combs and carry out their dead during the
voyage, and that was ventilated by a wire net, giving some
ten inches of wire ventilation.

I started with 116 of these colonies, and got all through
except six. Six were entirely dead on arrival. Of course,
they were all reduced in numbers. While I was preparing
these bees at my old home, my old neighbors there thought
that I must be a little " off. " I never could get them to
California, they said. My father tried to persuade me that
it was not a good thing for me to do, and all that. They
tried to persuade me, but it had no effect on me. I said,
" Father, I am doing this with my own money, and if I suc-
ceed, well, and nobpdy will be the worse for it." Then he
tried ridicule. He named them " the dollar hives," when
our neighbors all joined in and said I was preparing dollar
hives, but I went on just the same.

When I prepared these to ship in November, I had to
take them on canal boats from Newcastle, Pa., to Roches-
ter on the Ohio River, and from there on a steamer to Pitts-
burg, and from there by rail. They were taken to the
Union Depot in Pittsburg, hauled in there, perhaps, about
lor 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and the train did not go
until evening. While they were being transferred by the
express company, I was to have supervision and direction,
so I staid pretty close to my bees during that time, and as
people came into the train, as is usual preceding its depart-
ure, the hives sat there, very plainly marked "Sacramento,
California." I heard many uncomplimentary remarks.
Some of those people had been in California. There were
no bees there ; there was nothing for them to work on when

they got out there. There must be some fool ; and some
put it a little stronger than the simple word fool.

Very near train time, however, there camealong an un-
dersized gentleman, very nicely dressed, and he took in the
situation, looked around, singled me out as the owner, and
said, " Are you the owner of these bees ?" I said, " Yes."

" I see they are marked for shipment to California." I
said, "Yes, I am going to take them to California."

He said, " Have you been there ?" I replied, "Yea."
■ " Have you ever been engaged in bee-keeping ?" I said,
"Yes."

"Do you know you can get them there?" " Yes," I
said, "I have letters from the head agents of the steamship
companies," naming them, that is, the steamship companies
in New York, and the Panama railroad. " I have arrange-
ments made by which I am assured of every facility at their
disposal for getting them through."

These questions were so pertinent, and the people be-
came so interested, that there was a great crowd around.
Then the murmur started, what a great enterprise it was,
what a great undertaking. This gentleman shook hands
with me and said, " I hope you will get there safe. Indeed,"
he said, "I am very sure you will, for you understand the
business." It made it a little bit trying for me. I was
comparatively a young man, but very resolute and self-
willed to do what I thought I could do, and which I did do,

I got them through. Every facility was afforded me,
I went down with Capt. R. L. Whiting, of the Steamship.
"Golden Gate." I had made his acquaintance on my trip
down to Panama, told him of my plan, and he said, " If you
should be so fortunate as to connect with my ship in going
out, I will take great pleasure in affording you every facilit^r
in my power."

When I reached Aspinwall with my bees, who should I
meet on the gangway but Capt. R. L. Whiting ? He recog-
nized me at once, inquired if I had the bees, etc., and con-
gratulated me that I was getting along all right, and gave
me some information as to getting them across the Isthmus.
And so with the kind assistance of those men who were
willing to assist in the introduction of new enterprises into
California, I got there, made a success of it, and it has
given me great pleasure to know of the success that has
attended bee-keeping here in California.

Then the bees sold readily for two years at $100 a colony
in Sacramento. My "dollar hives " increased somewhat in
value when they were sold at $100. I presume there are
some of you beekeepers here who probably paid something

like that for bees. I knew colonies that I had sold at $100
were resold by other parties at $200, and then they made
money out of them.

A Member — There is a Mr. Hale, that was alongside of
me 12 years in Los Angeles, and he said he bought 15 colo-
nies from you and paid you $1500.

710

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 5, 1903.

Mr. Harbison— I remember that. They located them in
the city of Sacramento. That is correct.

That is my experience in the importation of bees into
'California. After I got them here I found about nine colo-
nies had been imported before mine, but by a man who had
no knowledge of the handling- of bees. One man had to
have some knowledge. I think his name was Howell, and
he was killed by the blowing up of the Steamship Jenny
L,ind, in San Francisco Bay, or somewhere in those waters.
- 1 think he had brought out three colonies. So that defeated
his establishing the business. Those bees were taken to
San Jose, a place not so well adapted to bees as the Sacra-
aiento Valley, so, while I did not bring the first bees to the
State, it was my experience and success in increasing and
showing what could be done with them that started the
business of bee keeping in California.

Question — Did you get nice yields of honey right away ?

Mr. Harbison — My first year was devoted to increase.

Question — You didn't work for honey ?

Mr. Harbison — I worked for honey considerably in '58.
I invented my hives, and invented section-boxes there in
Sacramento in the winter of '57, after I got the bees out. I
made the first exhibit of section-box honey at the Califor-
nia State Fair held in Marysville, September, 1858. I took
the highest premiums that were given. There was a Mr.
Appleton, I think, from San Jose, that took a little box of
honey there to Marysville and set it out, but I was told by
a friend that he went there in the morning before I got
around, saw my exhibit, and then went and took his box of
honey away, so that it did not appear again. I was threat-
ened with competition, but it didn't pan out.

Mr. Root — What price did you get for honey in those
times ?

Mr. Harbison — I sold those sections at $2.00 a secticfn,
two pounds in a section. That was SI. 00 a pound, and it
sold readily. I made four observatory hives, and one or
two oval hives of the same pattern, which I still use. There
at Marysville it attracted a very great deal of attention.
Then I think it was the next year there was a large Agri-
cultural Hall built in Sacramento, and I exhibited there. I
exhibited a full set of observatory hives, showing the
queens in all stages of growth, and the conditions of the
bee, illustrating them, and my exhibit was placed in the
basement, where all agricultural products were placed. I
I had a very fine observatory hive, which I have yet, but it
has not been used for a great many years, and the mana-
gers of the fair came to me and asked my permission to
locate that hive according to their ideas. I, of course,
granted it. It was a gratification to me, and they took it
upstairs. There was a fountain in front of the speaker's
stand, and they located it right in front of the fountain.
During the evening they had to have a policeman there to
keep the way clear so that the visitors could pass and see
that hive. It was acknowledged to be the most attractive
one item exhibit at that fair. Of course, I was awarded the
highest premiums that their rules would allow, and those
exhibits, and the success that I met with, started quite a
furore in bee-keeping, and, unlike many other booms that
have taken place in California, it has kept on. Of course,
prices fell, but it has been a continuous growth ever sincfe.
It gives me great pleasure to be here and give you a little
idea of what we have passed through in fetching about this
industry.

Dr. Miller — Can you tell us how much it cost you to get
those 110 colonies you brought from Pennsylvania by the
time you set them up here ?

Mr. Harbison— In the neighborhood of $1800.

Mr. Root — When was your book published?

Mr. Harbison — In 1861. I wrote it in Sacramento. It
is out of print, and there are very few copies to be had.
They are scattered over California, a good many of them.

By the way, I sent the first case of comb honey that
ever went across the continent. I put it in the first car of
green fruit that was ever shipped from Sacramento, or from
California. That car-load went to Chicago, and that case
was the first case of California honey ever sold East.

Mr. Root — Tell us about your experience in sending
car-loads across.

Mr. Harbison — We didn't send car-loads until we intro-
duced beekeeping down in San Diego. I had a friend down
there, a Mr. Pardee, a relative, I suppose, of our present
Governor. He had made some investigation down there as
to the flora of San Diego, and he was satisfied that bees
would do well. I had a ifriend, Mr. R. G. Clark, who lives
in San Diego, whom many of you know. He was not en-
gaged then in any enterprise, and his brother having
bought bees, and having made a fine success of it, and hav-

ing learned from his brother, they conceived the idea of Mr.
Clark going down there with his bees. We took 110 colo-
nies and landed them in San Diego, Nov. 28, 1869. Those
were the first bees landed in San Diego.

Question — When did you get Italians?

Mr. Harbison — In San Diego ; I think from Mr. Quinby.
Then I got others In '65. We landed those bees dovfn there
in San Diego in '69, and Mr. Clark and I were in partner-
ship four years there, and in that time established four api-
aries, and when our time expired he took two and I took
two. He ran his two apiaries for the first season afterward,
which was the year 1874, which was the best season we ever
had. Then he sold out, and took the money, wKich was
quite a considerable sum that he made during that time,
and planted the first vineyard and eucalyptus grove ever
planted in this valley, and to which is due the first raisins
ever raised in San Diego County, a fact which, I think, may
have been lost sight of. Others may have been credited
with being the pioneer, but he is the pioneer raisin-grower
in San Diego County.

Question — What is the greatest number of colonies you
ever kept in one place ?

Mr. Harbison — 600 colonies.

Question — How much did they yield ?

Mr. Harbison — They yielded an average of over ISO
pounds of comb honey per colony, in 1864. That was the
Honey Springs Apiary, near Lyons' Peak, in San Diego
County. I had some apiaries there that had 400 or 500 colo-
nies. I think I had as many as 500 colonies in this Sweet
Water Apiary that I still own there, which is the last of
my apiaries. I think the greatest number I had at any one
time was about 3750 colonies, divided around in 12 apiaries.

Question — What was the largest crop in any one year?

Mr. Harbison — I can not give you the amount of the
product, but it was considerably over 100,000 pounds.

Question — What was honey worth at that time?

Mr. Harbison — The first car-load was sold to C. O. Per-
rine, of Chicago, for 27 cents a pound, delivered in Chicago.
I reserved, however, a few cases, perhaps 20, and placed in
the hands of Graff & Co., to be sold as an experiment, and
I think they realized 28 cents for me. The freight-rate, I
think, was about 3 cents a pound gross on the car-load.

Question — That was extracted honey or comb ?

Mr. Harbison — That was 2-pound sections. I have al-
ways produced 2-pound sections, and when I have ceased to
do that, I shall have ceased to produce any honey. I have
one apiary left which I want to sell. If I am spared to the
28th of September, I shall have passed the 77th landmark of
my age, so it is time I had my apiary sold and somebody
else was running it. It is for sale.

Question — In what year did you send those first cases
of honey with the car-load of fruit to Chicago ?

Mr. Harbison — It must have been exhibited at Marys-
ville in '58, and Sacramento in '59. It was the first year
after the railroad was completed. I think it must have been
in '61 or '62, somewhere along there; anyhow, the first sea-
son after the railroad was opened overland. This car-load
of honey that was shipped from San Diego — it must have
been in '71 or '72 that we sold it to Perrine.

When we took the bees to San Diego, I had a little of
the same experience in the way of comments that I had
when I made my early shipments to California ; that is,
there was nothing for the bees to feed on in San Diego,
hence it was a foolish enterprise to take bees there 1 But
when we began to take our honey there, and going on board
the steamer, they began to inquire how much we were get-
ting a pound for it ; they changed their minds, and were
desirous of going into the business.

Now, to go back to the question that is affecting you
all, I want to give you a little bit of history of the introduc-
tion of foul brood into California, and my experience with
that.

In 1858, a man named Wheaton came to my place and
visited me a number of times under pretense of buying
bees, but, as I suspected at the time, and as was afterwards
proved, simply to get the secrets of my success in the hand-
ling of bees. However, late in the fall of '58, he arrived at
Sacramento with quite a large number of bees, somewhere
from 80 to 100 colonies. I inquired where he got them. He
said he got them from Quinby— out of Mr. Quinby's winter
quarters.

He placed them within three-quarters of a mile of my
apiary, a great many of them in bad condition. I did not
know anything of foul brood then, for we did not have any
in western Pennsylvania, and I supposed that foul brood
was really chilled brood. He complained that my bees were
robbing his. I went to make an examination, and remem-

Nov. 5. 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

711

bered what I had read of Mr. Quinby's writings about the
disease, and recognized what was the matter. That disease
was imparted to my apiary, and altogether I think I de-
stroyed somewhere from ()0 to 90 colonies, because I applied
heroic treatment — burned them up, hives, honey and all.
But even that failed to eradicate it, but I kept at it for two
or three years, until I got it killed.

But, fortunately for me, I had established another api-
ary two or three miles from my home apiary, out of reach
of. these infected bees. I had sold 250 colonies, perhaps, to
various parts of the country, and as soon as I discovered
the presence of this disease in the State. I published an
article in a San Francisco agricultural paper, warning ray
customers of what had transpired, and warning them to be-
ware of these diseased bees, for it would prove disastrous to
their interests. I did so to protect my customers, for I took
pride in having men say, "You treated me fairly, and my
purchases have been a success ;" and I have met commen-
dations.

The result was a paper controversy between Mr.
Wheatou and myself, and some others joined in. They
claimed I had no right to make public the fact of the pres-
ence of the disease. They did not deny that it was present,
but claimed I had no right to injure their enterprise. I
claimed I had a right. Mr. Wheaton finally brought his
bees down to Los Angeles, and to him you are indebted for
the trouble you have, and always will have with you. For
you will never succeed in obliterating it, from the fact that
the bees are in the rocks, in cavities, and every place else
where the disease can be rooted. So you can only succeed
in keeping it down as well as you can, only palliate what
you can not cure.

I do not know that I can say anything more that will
interest you. I do not know that what I have said gives
you any interest, but I hope it is instructive, if nothing else.

Ouestion — Mr. Harbison, did you have any friction with
fruit-growers ?

Mr. Harbison — They have made some complaints. I
never got into any lawsuits on the question.

Ouestion — An apiary belonging to one Steele Cannon,
coming from Upper Sweet Water, with about 100 hives, I
think, was burned. Can you tell us anything about that ?

Mr. Harbison — I know of a number of apiaries burned.
There were none of mine burned, however. There were
some, probably, due to fruit-men starting the fire. I know
there were threats made that apiaries would be burned, in
case they were not moved. There were some people who
moved their apiaries away, and gave them up. They never
molested me. In one case where they complained, I went
to the trouble of fixing the hives so they could be shut up
during the day. but on visiting the vineyards about the
same number of bees were found there as when they were
not shut up, because bees are in the rocks and trees, and
wherever they can get a cavity to locate in. That can not
be cured, and hence they will have to endure it. Whatever
damage they may do to the raisins it is not so great as is
generally imputed to them. Squirrels, and all that kind of
thing, destroy more grapes and raisins than ever the bees
do, or can do ; but the fruit-men do not pay so much atten-
tion, and do not seem to care for them, because they are not
supposed to be owned by anybody.

There is one more practice to which I should like to call
your attention along the lines I have been experimenting
on, and that is the matter of bee-pasture. I have demon-
strated for myself, and those who care to investigate will
discover, that very much can be done to improve the bee-
ranges. The black sage that is found abundantly on the
coast, in many places, does not grow in the mountains, or,
if so, in very few locations. I gather the seed of it, and
have planted a good deal of it on my ranch. I have, per-
haps, 100 acres or so that is well kept, and it is adding to
the value of my apiary, because it affords bloom when we
have somewhat of a scarcity of other flowers, and we have
a great deal of land there that I see no use that it could be
put to that -would be profitable for many years to come, at
least, and I do not think there is anything that will pay
better than producing bee-pasture.

There is a shrub that is found very extensively there on
the mountain regions of California, that is worthless as
beefood. The bees gather some pollen from it, but no
honey. The soil is good, and if you uproot the grass and
weeds, the black sage and white sage take very freely. It
is good land, suitable for these plants. You will have to
confine yourself in improving your bee-ranges to the plant-
ing of our native shrubs. I know of no foreign honey-pro-
ducing shrubs that will stand our dry season equal to our
native plants. The eucalyptus family will be of great value.

It is a fine tree to grow, and resists drouth well, and will
bloom at the time when our main dependence is gone.
While eucalypti do not yield so much honey as our native
plants, still the bees will increase, and it will subsist your
bees so that you can take olT all the fine quality of honey,
and you can depend upon the eucalyptus to carry your bees
over the year.

Question — May I ask if you plow or cultivate the land
where you sow the seed ?

Mr. Harbison — It would be better to do so, but black
sage does best where you have a plant over six feet square,
better than if sown too close. When sown broadcast, it
usually comes up too thick, and, while it produces well, it
does not produce as well as those clusters where they cover
a piece of ground two yards in diameter or more — a great,
big mass of black sage — as you who are familiar with it
know.

Question — Does black sage produce a water-white
honey ?

Mr. Harbison — Yes, there are three varieties of it here
in these southern California counties. There is black and
white sage. Up in Rldorado and Placer counties, where I
kept bees and experimented, there is what might be termed
"creeping sage." It grows on the ground, and runs, and I
have seen a single plant cover more than a rod in every
way, and shoots up bloom-stalks a foot or 18 inches. The
bloom is almost identical with the garden sage, and I have
seen as many as 25 bees working on an equivalent of a
square foot. The honey is as white as your whitest, and
has an aroma a little superior to these southern California
plants.

Dr. Miller — Is that sometimes called the purple sage?

Mr. Harbison — I never heard it called that. I think the
purple sage has a blue flower. What we term " black " is
of a dark-green color in its foliage ; the white is of a white
color in its foliage. I discovered a plant on my place a per-
fect cross between the white and the black, that gives
great promise of being an improvement on both of them.
I saved some of the seed, intending to experiment and see
whether I can produce all the varieties.

Question — Do you think the creeping sage would suc-
ceed in the Southern Counties ?

Mr. Harbison — I have no doubt it would in some of the
higher mountains. I have some growing, and while it is a
partial success, I have not experimented in growing it in a
number of places, but I think I could locate it in places
more adapted to it than places where I have it, so I don't
think it would be as profitable as our white and black sages
would be for propagation.

To go back to the eucalyptus. What we call the red-
gum is in bloom, and has been, for a couple of weeks. The
bees work on it very largely to produce honey wholly. I
think I have never seen the bees work on it gathering pol-
len. It comes along in sections, and will be in bloom for
probably six or eight weeks, commencing early in August
and running on into September. Then comes the blue-gum
eucalvptus, which is the most rapid grower of the eucalyp-
tus familv, and that grows very rapidly. Some will be in
bloom in October, and then others again along in Septem-
ber; another variety of trees will be in bloom along in
March and April; then there is the Robustia that com-
mences to bloom in January, February and March, and the
red-flower gum that blooms at the same time. That is a
very picturesque, fine tree. There are but few of them, I
am sorry to say, growing in that country.

The planting of the eucalyptus would be a valuable in-
vestment as a fuel-producer, to say nothing of its value to
beekeepers. Groves of eucalypti would grow into money
very rapidly. I had a few trees planted on my Sweet Water
place 20 to 22 years ago, and some are now at least 100 feet
high, and would make a cord or more of stovewood to the
tree. I have not triangled them, but they are said to be 100
to 120 feet high.

(Continued next week. )

Why Not Help a Little — both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal— by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly ofi'ering as rewards for
such effort.

7J2

THE AMERICAN BEE J0LH1>ac.

Nov. S, 1903.

Contributed Articles

How to Use a "Bingham" Honey-Knife.

BY T. F. BINGHAM.

I HAVE regarded this invention as a scientific discovery.
The knife does what it does because so little of it rests in
the honey to be uncapped. The honey is fixed, and com-
paratively rigid, yet plastic. Were the knife to lie flat in
the honey the atmospheric pressure would be approximately
195 pounds upon its upper surface. The adhesiveness of
the honey does not readily
admit the air to the under-
side from any usual cause,
hence to move it is to move
at least a part of 195 pounds
pressure. No one will fail to
see that by turning the knife
in such a way as to allow a
part, or all. of the 195 pounds
atmospheric pressure to pass
under it, it would not stick. I
think the above explains why
the '4 -inch bevel resting on
the uncapped honey does not
tear the cells— the only fixed
matter in contact with it. The
caps, as cut off, are movable,
and do not hinder the free
movement of the knife. The
knife, as constructed, is sim-
ply less than 'i of an inch
T. F. BiNQHA.M. widc, merely a sharp edge

which moves readily over the
honey and beneath the caps; the other 1'+ inch blade is
merely an apron to keep the caps from failing back upon
the uncapped honey.

It will be readily seen that the bevel is the knife, and
that this bevel depends upon the thickness of that part just
back of the edge. That is why the knives are so thick. They
should always be sharpened on the beveled side. I have
been using to-day the first knife of the kind ever made.
(It cost me *2 00 in the edge-tool factory where all my knives
are made). It is a perfect tool, and while a little wider than
now made it can not be improved. A pound of steel makes
about three blades.

I have often seen accounts of how to use an uncapping-
knife, and while I don't know how they should be used, I
will state briefly how I use mine.

I have a pail (wooden) so as not to dull the knife, or a
shallow pan, filled with ordinarily cool water, into which I
drop the knife whenever time will permit. The water re-
moves the honey from the sharp edge, and is a great aid in
starting the knife under the caps. It is at the starting
point that the trouble begins. If it gets a clean start all
goes well. Never use hot water; the wax will stick to the

HINUHAM UONEY-KNIFE.

(ShowiDg lower side with beveled edges.)

knife, and, when it does, the knife might as well be iron as
steel, as the edge will be thick with wax and will not cut —
merely melt its way through the combs.

On this water question, I would just say that soap and
cold water will remove bee-glue from your hands better
than hot water ; and if water and soap won't do it, a table-
spoonful of clear alcohol will soften the wax, after which
soap and water will do the rest.

Some might suppose that the water would rust and spoil
the knife, but honey-sweetened water does not. It may lie
in such water days without injury.

We are having great rains. Early honey was abundant
and fine. Nothing but bees after July 5 I have just
doubled up ray colonies, and they have enough honey for

winter. I put ISO colonies into 75 to do it, and they are not
short of bees or honey. It gave me a nice opportunity to
weed out the hybrid queens, as 75 had to be removed. It
took me from 5 to 7 hours per day, for 3 days, and not a sin-
gle comb separately was changed in any of the hives. This
feat could not have been performed in any other apiary in
the United States or Canada, perhaps in the world.

Clare Co., Mich., Oct. 17.

Bee-Keeping on a Poultry Farm.

BY VICTOR D. CANBI>AV.

AS I have been asked to contribute a paper for this meet-
ing, I will endeavor to give an outline of my experience
in bee-keeping, and state why we chose to keep bees in
connection with the breeding and rearing of our thorough-
bred poultry.

About the middle of December, 1899, we bought 3 colo-
nies of bees for S5.00, the low price inducing us at that time
to begin bee-keeping. We wintered them in our house-cel-
lar, and the following summer, although a very poor year,
and many around us had scarcely a swarm and no surplus
honey, the 3 colonies increased to 7, and gave us 40 pounds
of surplus honey.

During the season of 1901, the 7 colonies gave us nearly
800 pounds of surplus honey, and increased to 15 colonies.
Our best colonj- that year gave us 105 pounds of surplus
from the first swarm, and 65 pounds from the old colony
itself, making a total yield of 170 pounds of comb honey.
We sold 5 colonies, and began with 10 last spring, which in-
creased to 18, and of that number we had 14 left, the others
having been sold. The honey yield with us, this year, was
only about half what it was in 1901, the 10 colonies of last
spring's count giving us a yield of only about 600 pounds of
surplus. So far, we have not lost a colony in any way,
with the exception of two swarms which left for the woods
without proper warning.

With the success we have had from the outset, you will
not be surprised that we are quite favorably impressed with
bee-keeping as an adjunct to poultry-raising and fruit-grow-
ing.

Perhaps the one thing which most strongly influences
people to engage in bee-keeping is their liking for honey,
and with us the supply of honey for our own table was the
first consideration.

Bee-keeping is particularly adapted as an adjunct to
poultry-farming, owing to the fact that the heaviest part of
the work among the bees comes at a time when the poultry
work is comparatively light. On most practical poultry
farms the hatching season closes with May, and the work
during the remainder of the season is comparatively light,
while the work with the bees is most exacting from the last
of May, through June and July. If the poultry-keeper
chooses to bend most of his energies to obtaining fall and
winter eggs, which are the most productive of profit, he is
free to give them his entire attention, as the bees require
but very little of his time at these seasons.

The labor of both beekeeping and poultry-raising is
comparatively light work, and to one not overly strong, and
who feels the need of an open-air life, there are few occupa-
tions which are more attractive and fascinating, and cer-
tainly few which require so little capital to be invested, and
yet are capable of furnishing one with a good living, if not
something besides.

In keeping either bees or poultry, it is essential that one
apply themselves closely to the work ; although not heavy
nor particularly taxing on one's strength, they require con-
stant and systematic attention to insure best results.

Perhaps one very much disinclined to stay at home
closely would not find them congenial employment, owing
to this particular feature. This, however, would prove no
objection to home life and rural surroundings. In fact,
such would find it rather a pleasure to stay at home and
give these interests the care and attention they require.

Our farm consists of only ten acres, and is devoted to
the breeding and raising of pure-bred, white Plymouth
Rocks for breeding purposes. Our busiest times are doing
the fall and winter, with the selling and shipping of breed-
ing fowls, and during the spring with the sales and ship-
ments of eggs for hatching purposes. Thus, you will see
our work with bees comes at a time when other work is not
so pressing. We have quite an orchard of plum trees well
started on the farm, to furnish shade for the chickens and
incidentally fruit for our table, and for sale.

Nov. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

713

Bee-keeping has been taken up as a side-line, and has
been found to interefere very little with our regular poultry-
work. The chickens are allowed to run among the hives, to
the mutal benefit, we believe, of both bees and chickens.
From the fact that the poultry frequent the neighborhood
of the bee-hives so much, and we seem to have so little
trouble from the bee-moth, we judge they catch many of
the millers, and I am quite sure they catch a great many
drones, although manifesting a wholesome fear of the
workers.

In many ways poultry and bees seem to be adapted to
occupying the same ground.

The combination of poultry, fruit and bees seems to be
a unique one, each contributing to the well-being of the
other. Shade is one of the essentials on a poultry-farm, and
nothing furnishes any more desirable shade for poultry
than an orchard of plum orapple trees, while either makes a
most desirable location for the apiary, especially a plum
orchard.' The trees being of low growth, prevent swarms
clustering too far out of reach. In case of its being neces-
sary to remove the branch on which the swarm clusters,
plum trees are much less liable to injury from the unseason-
able pruning.

It is generally known that fowls are of no small benefit
to the fruit-trees, not only by consuming many insect ene-
mies of the fruit, but by increasing the fertility of the soil
over which they run.

Fruit-growers generally, I believe, recognize the value
of bees for fertilizing the fruit-blossoms and increasing
their chances of liberal yields of fruit, so it will be readily
conceded that the production of honej', fruit and poultry
products can be profitably and economically combined.

We would not care to engage in the culture of small
fruits and bee-keeping together, especially the raising of
strawberries, for the heaviest work of picking and marketing
the strawberry crop comes just in the height of the swarm-
ing season, and both require prompt attention to be handled
profitably.

Perhaps in the majority of cases where bee-keeping is
carried on in connection with other pursuits, it would be
found most convenient to run for extracted honey. One of
the chief difficulties with us has been the tendency to ex-
cessive swarming when run for comb honey, and by work-
ing for extracted honey this tendency seems to be materi-
ally lessened ; I believe this the experience of bee-keepers
generally.

We had one colony, the past summer, which did not
swarm at all, and otherwise than the presence of consider-
able drone-comb in the hive, we could not see anything to
prevent them swarming. It was one of our best Italian colo-
nies, and was used to supply breeding drones for our apiary.
Other colonies swarmed more than usual, although the sea-
son has been unusually cool, but they were practically with-
out any drone-comb.

By the use of modern hives and appliances, bee-keeping
can most certainly be made a source of pleasure and profit
on a poultry farm. — Read at the Minnesota State Conven-
tion. Chisago Co., Minn.

The Value of Sweet Clover.

WHILE there are many who unqualifiedly condemn
sweet clover (melilotus alba), also known as Bokhara
clover, as a noxious weed that is not to be tolerated
under any circumstances, there are others who claim for it
some good points. Without doubt the conditions have much
to do with the attitude of the observers. It is a very rapid
and vigorous grower, produces an enormous quantity of
seed, and is in other ways fitted to thrive under adverse cir-
cumstances. For these reasons it is quite nersistent in re-
maining where it is not wanted when once it has maintained
a foothold. This feature is, however, a strong point in its
favor under certain conditions. It enables this plant to
thrive where it is impossible to supply the conditions of soil
and treatment necessary to the successful growing of other
crops. As its name indicates, it is a legume, and like the
other members of that family, it is a great improver of the
soil. Prof. Duggar, of Alabama, says :

Fields that for two years have borne sweet clover have
been known to produce the next year nearly twice as much
corn as before being sown to this leguminous plant. At
the Ohio Experiment Station, a number of years ago, a
notable increase in the yield of wheat was obtained through
the use of this plant as a green manure. The cane-brake
Experiment Station at Unioritown, Ala., has demonstrated

not only the power of this plant to add nitrogen and vege-
table matter, but also to assist in the drainage of the heavy
calcareous clay soils of that part of the State, through the
channels made when the large roots decay.

It should not be grown as a crop on soils where the
other more common legumes will thrive ; for while this
plant is very easily grown, and an enormous yielder, it is not
relished by stock either as pasture or hay. It is nutritious

Courtesy Prairie Farmer.

when properly handled, and stock will do fairly well on it
when they can get no other roughage, and become accus-
tomed to it.

Its value as a honey-plant is quite generally recognized.
Its chief redeeming feature, however, is its ability to flourish
on soils that are in their present state almost barren.
Where it once gets a start it will crowd out almost any other
kind of vegetation.

The accompanying illustration represents a spot in a
large area of idle land where the native grasses and weeds
have been almost exterminated by the encroachment of
sweet clover. Two fence-posts of ordinary height are in the
center of this view, but are hidden by the clover, which will
give an idea of its height. In the foreground is a patch of
young clover just coming from the seed that ripened and
shattered off last year. — Prairie Farmer.

[ Our Bce-Heepin§ Sisters J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Cell-Cutting- to Control Swarming'.

I wonder if Mr. Hasty is "meekly ready to be informed
and corrected by the " woman, as well as the ;«a«, '" who has
run 50 colonies through the season that way." Page 665.

I have run more than 50 colonies through more than
one season that way. Yes, it is a good bit of work, and not
always pleasant, bill it gives the honey.

A Sister's Impressions of the Los Ang-eles
Convention.

Mrs. A. L. Amos, who was perhaps the sole representa-
tive of Nebraska bee-keepers at the Los Angeles conven-
tion, writes :

" I find that while I was holiday-making my bees were
not. I have not yet removed all of the honey crop, but
enough to make sure that I have every reason to be satis-
fied. Nebraska is not California, but to me it is literally
'a land flowing with milk and honey.'

" Being only a little fish rather than a whale among
the bee-keepers, I don't often indulge in a convention, and

714

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 5. 190 ■.

had not attended one since Lincoln, which I surely en-
joyed much more than I did this last."

In a letter to the Custer Co., Beacon, Mrs. Amos gives
her impressions of the Los Angeles convention, and among
other things says :

" Certainly, it seemed to me, that there was more wrath
than was desirable— in fact, the quibbling over trifles was
not altogether creditable to the intelligence and forbearance
of the craft, and suggested the idea that some of the irasci-
bility of the Cyprian or the black bees, and the hybrids,
with which some of the veterans are familiar, had, in some
subtle way, communicated itself to them."

But, with the spirit of a philosopher, she concludes with
the following wise words :

•■Those of us who went to the convention, imbued
with that spirit which carries ' malice toward none and
charity for all,' and a mind receptive to learn, will forget
anything that might better be forgotten, and treasure only
the wisdom of experience which was freely given ; and will
trust that ' the spirit that heals differences,' may descend
upon some of the excited brethren, and bring them peace."

Mrs. L. Harrison Afflicted.

I shall go to the hospital next Monday, to have an
operation upon my eyes for cataract. I hope you will be
able to read what I have written in dim light, the last I will
be able to write for some time. My very busy life of three
score and ten years are telling upon me.

Peoria Co., 111., Oct. 22. Mks. L. Harrison.

I am sure that Mrs. Harrison has the hearty sympathy
of all the sisters in her affliction. We shall all be anxiously
watching for the outcome, and earnestly hope that it may
be successful.

Mrs. Harrison has been so long and favorably known
among the bee-keepers that she may well be styled one of
the veterans.

Wants to Begin Bee-Keeping.

I have no bees yet, but I take the American Bee Journal
in club with the Nebraska Farmer. One of my friends has
some bees— Mrs. Hutflus— and she is going to send for an
outfit. She does not know much about bees. I would like
to go into the bee-business. I have a 40-acre farm, and I
think she will let me have some ; then I will tell you how
we get along. I have plenty of flowers, catnip and clover.
The trees are very large, and have plenty of fruit. I have
had my homestead 23 years. I live alone, and have to work
so hard. I have a good garden that I made myself. I do
not think I can do so much work any more, but will have a
different way for the future. I will have some bees if lean,
and if the farmers do not attend to the crops they will have
to leave them. Rachei, Hunter.

Pierce Co., Nebr., July 24.

Here is a woman that is up to date. She takes the Bee
Journal before she has any bees. That is a good deal bet-
ter than getting your bees a good while before you get the
Journal.

Have Your Bees Ready for Winter.

CE

Nasty's Afterthoughts

' Old Reliable " seen through Kew and Unreliable Glasses.
Bj' E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

Are you sure that your bees have plenty of stores for
the long winter? Not just enough, remember, but abun-
dant stores. No harm to give them too much— they won't
waste it.

Do you winter your bees out-of-doors? Then see to it
that they are snugly packed for their long winter nap be-
fore it is too late.

If you winter them in the cellar, get your bees all ready
to pick up and carry in whenever the weather gets cold
enough. Don't put these things off until the last possible
minute, for in that case they are apt to be done hurriedly,
and so not very well done.

These delightful October days are likely to fool us into
believing that there is plenty of time, but snapping cold
weather may come with a jerk, and catch us napping.

The Premiums offered this week are well worth working
for. Look at them.

GETTING BOTH HONEY AND INCREASE.

To get both honey and increase in one season choose
an exceptionally swarmy season (like the last), goad them
on and see them get to swarming feverishly; then
catch as catch can for all the honey you can get. J. L.
Johnson's plan, page 600, doesn't differ very widely from
this But he went it "powerful strong," it must be con-
fessed Fifty colonies from 12, with 1400 pounds sure, and
1000 more heaving in sight, and the back county of Smart-
weed still to hear from— well, we don't blame him for brag-

^^"^'All queens seem to be prolific in a good season."
How's that for good aphorism to Mr. Johnson's credit .

There'sanother kind of season that favors both honey ^
and increase-not quite surplus at all till very late, and then
a good flow. Four colonies made out of one may, in such
conditions, be expected to give more surplus than one would
have done. Alack, comrade J., we are both teaching the
children to play with fire ! The safe road to surplus is to
repress increase and keep all colonies as strong as possible.
Not possible for us to know about the season s peculiari-
ties before they arrive.

SWARMS CLUSTERING OVER NIGHT.

I think Dr. Miller is right, on page 60'2. In good
weather, if a swarm stays in a cluster longer than overnight,
it is with the intention to stay permanently. But, being
nearly all womenfolk, they may change their minds. We
are not to be particularly astonished, therefore, if some one
should report a cluster hanging four or five days, and then
flying to parts unknown, in the usual style.

A " GRANDMOTHER SISTER "—BEE-PROTECTION.

To say that our grandmother (or pronounce it grand-
mother) is a Sister, hardly sounds right. Apiculture for o.,
years seems to entitle Mrs. Harrison to some other title.
Her style of bee-protection is somewhat unusual. I should
call it a good style-only some of the younger sisters might
whisper, "How do I look? " . . . ., .

I'm inclined to think it has not often been in print that
bees take stiftly starched linen as a board or something, and
don't try to sting through it. Guess that's perfectly correct
I can imagine that valuable use might be made of the fact
sometimes. Page 603.

IS IT A SURE THING IN TEXAS ?

Mr. O. P. Hyde, of Texas, is putting it pretty strong

^^^° Gentlemen, the bee-man never has a failure, never
knows any want." . .. ,_ t -.-

I thought at first it was comicalities he was at, but ne
seems to be in earnest. Page 615.

THE QUEEN-BEE AND OTHER BEES.

Mr Arthur C. Miller— after we have sufficiently rubbed
him down with cobs and sharp currycombs, we shall prob-
bablv in the end come to thank him. Probably nearly all
of us were crediting the bee's ligula with much more service
than it actually performed ; and it is desirable, very desir-
able that the bee should stand right in our minds. btiU,
as for me, I am in no haste to say that the bee /i^-^-r does-
well anything it can do. Barely possible, perhaps, that by
some queer arrangement it may be impossible to disgorge

'''°Hfse'emf richer too anxious to reduce the queen to the
ranks-don't appear to have the " judicial turn of mind
toward her-but no ultimate harm is likely to come of let-
ting him trot out his theory of the queen's actions and his
theory of the actions of the workers toward her. Only he
must not let his dander rise if we should say :" This is
theory, brother, and we also have our theory.' So, when-
ever the queen is fed something better than honey, the bees
turn to like little boys and flourish a " Gimme some ! It s
a valuable observation that the queen is seen to ask bee
after bee and get nothing; also, that a delay or parley of
some sort precedes actual feeding sometimes. Others must

Nov. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

715

verify until we know how ffeneral these things are. If bees
never offer a queen anything-, a cajjed queen would seem to
be in dire straits. It is generally understood that whole
apiaries are run for ten days or so with queens caged, to be
fed by their own bees. I never did this, and don't, at this
moment, know whether it is necessary to put food in the
cages or not.

It's interesting to see that even during very rapid lay-
ing the queen takes rests of ten minutes or so. (Juess the
eggs are in strings (so to speak) and when one sting is ended
the next may not be quite ready. But, then, we don't
urgently need any theory other than the usual weariness
and rest to account for this. Evenly told off through the
day. 2000 eggs would be one each 46 seconds. Page 61(>.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the Araerioan Bee Journal,
or 10 Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Storing Drawn-Out Combs.

Where shall I store drawn-out foundation combs to keep from get-
I ins moldy during the winter? Misnesot.i.

Answer. — Anywhere except in a damp, moldy cellar.

Two-Plece Bottom-Bars— Bee-anllt— White Clover.

1. Where can 1 f:et frames with the two-piece bottom-bars;

"J. How much more do they cost than the regular Hollman frames ;
:!. Could the regular Hottman frames be made that way?

4. What do you use over the frames for winter covering besides
the cover?

5. Give a good description of a bee-quilt.

6. I have some honey that I call white clover, but in the place of
being clear white it is a kind of yellowish color, some cappings being
white while others beside them have a yellowish appearance. What
is the cause?

I have 'Si colonies of bees. I had about a third of a crop this year,
the weather being too wet and cold. Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. You can get them from the G. B. Lewis Co., by
ordering MUler frames, and probably elsewhere.

2. I don't remember, but there's very little difference.

3. If you mean with a two-piece bottom-bar, I think they might.

4. Nothing whatever. They are taken into the cellar just as they
?tood on the summer stands.

r>. I haven't seen anything of the kind for a number of years e.x-
cept in an apiary in California, and there a simple sheet of heavy
material like denim or duck was laid over the frames. The last thing
of the kind I used was a double layer of heavy sheeting with several
layers of newspapers between.

6. Hard to tell without seeing it. I suspect you left it on pretty
late and the bees gave it a slight varnishing with propolis.

Wintering Bees.

As we are just starting in the bee-business, we would like to ask a
tew questions in regard to wintering bees.

1. We bought 4 colonies of Italians about 2 weeks ago (Oct. 1),
;ind have had no experience heretofore, excepting what information
we got by reading the " A B C of Bee-Culture," edition of issr. Do
you think it is too old for modern bee-keeping!

2. Two of the colonies have about 1.5 pounds of honey in the
supers in sections. Would you advise taking this out?

3. It so. would it be best to remove the super or leave it on! If
left on, would it be a good plan to fill same with shavings, or something
like that?

4. Also, one hive has no cover, and there was a board laid on
with a cloth or quilt, and the honey is stuck fast to it. As it is long
and wide, and very unhandy, would jou advise taking it oH? If so,
how; I do not think there is much honey below in it, as the hive is
very light.

.5. As we have no good cellar to put them in, would you advise
building a shelter, or leave them out in the opening as in summer!

6. What kind of cloth or quilt do you recommend ! and can they
be bought of dealers in bee-supplies! Iowa.

Answers.— 1. Of course, there is constant progress being made in
bee-keeping, but if you keep up with the teachings of 1887, you will be
doing very well.

2. Supers are supposed to be taken off long before winter.

a. Either way. If left on by all means use planer-shavings or
other packing.

4. I'm afraid it you meddle you may make bad work. The bees
have probably settled their winter quarters up against that board, and

you better leave them as they are till spring. It the board is too much
in the way by its leugtli, saw it off.

h. Better give some kKid of shelter, if it be only to pile corn-stalks
about theiu.

(i. Enameled cloth may be used, or heavy sheeting, such as you will
find at any store. But, nowadays, many use Mat covers without any
sheets or quilts. If jou pack shavings in the super over the hive for
wintering, you must have something under the shavings. Burlap, or
almost any kind of cloth, will do.

A Kind of Fly-Bees Flgtitlng-Unitlng Colonies.

1. I am a beginner in bee-keeping. I caught a fly or a bee, I
don't know what to call the critter, so I send it to you alive in a tin
box. I saw a couple of them enter one of my hives. I don't know
what they are; I saw them several times during the warmest part of
the day. What is it, a lly or a drone! Name it, and give its habits.

2. I opened a hive the Qrst part of September, and set the frames in
another hive-iiody and looked for the queen. I spent about half an
hour, but could not find the queen ; I wanted to kill her, as she was a
hybrid. The bees filled themselves with honey, and when I put the
frames back nearly all the bees went back, then some went lighting
among themselves, and would take a bee that was rather late in get-
ting back and would make her give up all the honey she had,
then they would sting her to death, or bite her so she would die in a
few minutes. They killed about a half pint of bees in this way. Bees
from other hives did not lly on that morning, as it was a little cool, so
it was their own bees they killed. Why did they kill their own bees
in this way >.

3. Is a Langstroth frame the same dimensions as the Hoffman
frame? If it is not, what are the dimensions of the Langstroth frame?

4. It 2 colonies are united now (Oct. 15), will they tight very much
if smoked some before setting one brood-body on another?

Michigan.

Answers. — 1. The insect is a kind of fly that is not very uncom-
mon, but I'm not entomologist enough to give its name and habits.

2. I wonder if there can be no mistake about there being bees
from other hives. If it were their own sisters they were killing, I can't
give the reason why.

3. The same, 17"'sX93».

4. Possibly ; put a paper between the hives with a hole big enough
for one bee to pass at a 'time, and they will gnaw the paper away,
gradually uniting.

Winter Stores in Super.

I have some light colonies. I gave them supers with unfinished
sections. Will they winter well if I leave them on for winter? 1 have
a good bee-cellar. I would like to leave them on. The bees do not take
the honey below. Wisconsin.

Answer.— Yes, it will be all right so far as the bees are concerned,
but it will be rather rough on the sections.

Managing Out-Apiaries-Swarming.

1. I have run an apiary of 100 colonies for the last 10 years, along
with a farm, but I am thinking of giving up my farm to my son, and
if I do I would start an out-yard. Could 1 manage the out-yard my-
self ?

2. How would it do to put queen-excluding guards on the entrance
in swarming-time, and keep all the queen-cells cut? Would that
work in the out-yard! or would it be better to remove all the brood to
an upper story with the queen on starters below, with a queen-exclud-
ing board between the two!

I have been a reader of the American Bee Journal for a number of
years, and owe all my success to it. May it live long, and die happy.

Ontario.

Answers.— 1. You could manage the two yards yourself it you
don't have too many bees in them, and your plan of management does
not require too much work. The problem will be easier if you run for
extracted than if you run for comb honey.

2. The guards will do if you follow up the right management
afterward, but simply putting on guards and cutting out queen-cells
will not be sufficient. The second plan you mention will work well
tor extracted, but not tor comb honey. You have no doubt seen much
lately about shaken swarms, and they might answer your purpose.

Report for the Season-Wintering Bees in a House.

I started with 6 colonies last spring, and increased to 21 by cap-
turing 3 stray swarms. I got 1S24 pounds ot comb honey, almost all
in 1-pound sections.

I read the American Bee Journal and " Forty 1 ears Among the
Bees."

I make my own hives; I think they are what are called the Wis-
consin portico hives, with S-frames. I have weighed them to see it
they had plenty of stores for winter. They weigh from 60 to 7.5
pounds each.

I have no cellar fit to winter bees in, so I will have to winter them
out-ot-doors, or in a house I built for chickens. The house is 10x18
feet and 7 feet high, with a good shingled roof, and boarded tight with

716

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. S, 1903.

good pine boards. The side of the house is toward the south. I
thought of making- an openiag along the bottom large enoug-h so the
portico of the hive would fit it, and set the hives on the inside, leaving
the entrance to the outside of the building facing south. What I
want to know is:

1. Would the house be any advantage over wintering on the sum-
mer stands?

2. Would it do to set the hivescloseup against each other, side bv
side?

3. Would it do to put two rows of hives, one above the other?

4. Would there be danger of the bees getting into the wrong hive
when flying out on warm days?

5. Would it be advisable to pack the hives with straw inside the
building?

C. If I put the bees in the house should I do so before, or wait
until freezing weather?

7. Don't you think my bees did pretty well? Nebraska.

Answers. — 1. Yes, indeed; with the understanding that the bees
are just as free to fly out as if the hives stood on their summer stands.

2. Yes.

3. Yes.

4. Yes, to some extent; but no great harm would come of it.

5 Yes, if the building was somewhat open; if very close it would
make little difference.

(i. A little better to put them in before severe weather.

7. Very well, indeed; but don't expect them to average as well
when the number of colonies runs up to 50 or more.

(Don't send a stamp when you send questions; if any one gets
them the Editor ought to have them ; but he's not going to get this
one.)

•*-^-^

Nuclei and their Management.

What are nuclei? and how should they be taken care of !

Indiana.

Answer. — There is the same difference between a nucleus and a
full colony that there is between a boy and a man. Usually a nucleus
has not more than three frames covered with bees. To tell all that
can be said about the care of nuclei would go beyond the limits of this
department. A bee-book telling about this, and many other things.
would be of great service to you.

h Yon Know [

about tlie CLUBBING OFFERS L

of the Modern Farmer ? T

Nothing: like them was ever P

before inade on this Continent. L

Ask for FREE SAMPLE L

COPY, and learn all about them J

before you subscribe for any W

other paper. They 7vill save you L

inoiiev. f

MODERN FARMER, ►

ST. JOSEPH. MO. L

Wease menaou Hea journal wnen ■WTitang

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHISERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of

' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
with one of your Com-
' biued Machines, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
' nth Ibis Saw. It will do all
" Catalog' and price-list free.
W. F. & John Baknes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111. ,
Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing,.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing- Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how
they are conducted. In fact the entire field is
fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
this the paper also ^ells you all about California
Agriculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

Alni1t*n5ll "^^^^ '^ ^^^^ ^ quarter of a
UUUl lldl century old and is still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
its field must be a valuable one. Such is the

American Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year.

Hlease ment.inn Be

Mention the Bee Journ
5 journal -when ■wrjtm

FOVLTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. KiL-p the
layint?. For hatrhing and I. rim
iOK use the best reasonable prici
Incubators and Brooders — Imi
upon honor, sold upon yTJaruntc

THE ORMAS

I,. A. Banta, Lleonlcr, Indian

Qrowing Catnip for Bees.

I have experimented a good deal with
catnip. Besides sowingf in waste places
[in Knox Co., 111., J I sowed one acre
last fall. I find that it does best in
very rich soil ; in fact, in poor soil it
did nothing. Where there is waste
land containing leaf-mold, old brush-
piles, or any decaying logs or wood, I
believe catnip ahead of anything as a
honey-plant ; but for poor or only medi-
um-rich soil I think sweet clover is far
ahead of anything I have tried. — J. E.
Johnson, in the American Bee-Keeper.

truadna meuaon aee .rournal wben writuig

Purifying Extracted Honey.

This is a subject discussed in a sym-
posium in the Australasian Bee-Keeper.
In the leading article it is strongly ad-
vised to use artificial heat. The writer,
James Lockett, says :

I say it can't be ripened satisfactorily
by the natural heat alone. To purify
by artificial heat we must get all our
honey-tanks built with a compartment
in the bottom of them to hold water,
and have our steam-pipe going into it,
also a short pipe going out of it with a
valve attached, so if we over-heat or
put the steam pressure on too strong,
our escape pipe will soon let us know
that we have too much pressure on.

Now, we want steam, and a good
pressure with it. The right way is a
small boiler, rather expensive for most
bee keepers, but the first cost is the
only cost, and you have an article that
will do its work properly and will last
you a lifetime; and more, when you
have your little boiler how handj' it will
be at the end of the season to clean out
extractor, uncapping-can, honey-tanks,
and any tins that need cleaning. I
guess every time your little boiler is
steamed up during the honey season
you will be at work with the hose with
a tap at the end where you are work-
ing so you can turn on or turn off steam
when wanted, and when you do a half
hour's work in about five minutes with
the steam-pipe you will say, " Ah, can't
beat the steam, boys."

Then, again, when you have a good
flow of honey coming in, and you are
extracting at the rate of one ton a day
or more, and you will wind up with all

iGRAPEVINES

III Fruits. Trees

100 Varlelie

ed.--tock. Gt;nuine. che;ip. ;i s
Uescriptlve price-liattree. Lewis Koesch, Fredonia, N,V,
Please mention Bee Jotimai -wnen WTitinp

^^ FENCE! ^TE'^'

VmaSlSlSn ■■■■«*^" strong, CWc

STRONGEST

Bull

„. Ohlcken-

1 Tight. Sold to the FarmeratlTholesal.
! Prices. Fall; Worrluilrd. Catalog Kr
I COILED flPRr

'Boi :

39D2(,t

nention the Bee Journal

2C AAA Ikf of the very best Extracted
D.UUU IDS. Honey for sale in new cans
^^^— — ■^^^— . at b'/i cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dlf Please mention the Bee Journal.

mm,

\^YiC "* every

Honey
Dealers

G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,

Manufacturers,

145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.

45D5t Write for illustrations,

(f/^epcip Tr.eniion tiettjoiima) wtten "writliia.

$ I rt-BO F

Reduced Prices,

ZIP" Good lor the balauce of this season only.

As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as pos-
sible, I will sell (Queens at tbe following low
prices, until my present supply is exhausted.

Untested Queen?, bUc each;' 6 or more. Sue
each. Select l^otested, 75c each; o or more. bOc
eacti. Tested, *l,00 each. Select tested, $1 50.

Safe arrival aod satisfaction trnaraateed.
Queens sent by return mail unless otherwise
directed.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Mloroan, Kij.

45Atf Pendleton Co.

ESP Follow up your inquiries thoroughly.
The best customers are sometimes the hardest
to secure. — Printers' Ink.

Nov. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

717.

5 Percent Discount During November!

Send for our Llsl, and ord
hand ready for use.

JXJST TimTIC OF" IT

Take advanlatre of ihin discount. Have your g^oods on

L straight line, the line

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.

RUBE'S SURPRISE.

Well, I'll Be Bumped!

I don't see what I have been thinking- of all summer. Here I
could gest as well sent to Griggs Bros, for my Supplies and saved
all this freight I've been throwing away and. got my goods
cheaper, too. Don't see why I didn't send them a trial order
sooner and find out what I was doin', long as they sell Root's Goods at
their factory prices, gest as they said.
A A Word to the Wise is Sufficient.

\ GRIGGS BROS., ■ TOLEDO, OHIO.

'-'leasts mention Bee Journal -wnen wntlns

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^^H^rks^X^E

I

process that produces Ihe superior of any. It is the
■ig-htest color and sweetest odor. It is the most trans-
3ase. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more

Bees-

e> This foundation is mode b;

(fl cleanest and purest. Il has the

(? parent, because it hasthethiune

if sheefi to the pound than any oth

it Workiu^ Max iulo Foiin<lation f ur Cash a, Sipecialty

i' M'as always ^vanted al liijfhesi price.

g Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, fkee

X plication.

K E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Out.,

fi Sole Agents for Canada. Jl

rtease mention Bee Journal wnen "writroa

GIS. DITTNER, Augusta, Wis.

TRYING TO BREAK

the world's record, a powerful rurmway auto, at
Z.inesville, O., fair, ran into Vase Fence and was
•tinped atter killiiii,' orlnjvirin? over twenty persons.
VXQV. HOVKN UIRK FKN'CE CO., Adrian, MJth.
r'.'ea.^H uiHuuou i5fc;i3 jouruai vb«ii w^iuji*.

^ sSt Mi. >!i >!i Mi Mi Mt >!i Mi Mi :*t>L :^ ti

i Bee -Supplies!

^ Rnnt's finoft.s at. Root.'.s PrioRS

^ Evervlhing used by Bee-keepers.

*• POUDEK'S ^ONEY-JARS.

^ Prompt Service.

'I Low Freight Rates.

^ NEW CATALOG FREE.

^; WALTER S. POUDER.

y^ ::12 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis. Ind.

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We wilt prfsent you with the tirst 8.. voa
take in to start you In & good paying bual-
lesfl. Send 10 centa for full line of samplea
ind directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chlciga, Ills.

The EniersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
oal as fast as they are received. If yen have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-
>ary.

aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 <fe 146 Erie street. CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Let me SELL or BUY your

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati

^ IF IN NEED ^

State quantity and kind wanted, and T will quote you price. I do business on the cash
basis, id buyit g- or selliag-.

Full stocli of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods
at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants.

C. H.W.WEBER

2146-48 Central Ave.. CI^CINNATI, OHIO.

SAQiSSQSSQQSSQQSfSQSSS

Please mention Bee jonmal wnen wnuna

aOOQi

iSSSSQt.-

iS^&>.«N«

your tanks full and a snap of cold
weather backing- you up, what will fol-
low ? You will come along the fourth
or fifth day and have a look at your
tanks and find little or no scum on
them. Why ? The honey is too cold
and thick to let the air-bubbles rise.
Then you will come along again in
about nine or ten days, and say,
"Well, I must can up some of this
honey to make room for more." What
is the result ? Some of your honey
goes to market not properly ripened,
carrying a scum on the top of it.

If we have an artificial system of
purifying our honey similar to the
above, we would avoid our honey going
to market below standard, and it would
only take a short time to heat your
honey up to a certain temperature, in-
dependent of the weather.

In the same paper, Geo. Packender
says :

When honey is kept at a temperature
from 122 degrees to 130 degrees F. for
several hours, all impurities, every-
thing foreign to pure honey, will come
to the surface, which can easily be
skimmed off, and its good qualities re-
tained and a clear, inviting appearance
imparted. When the honey is purified
it can easily be syphoned off into a
lower tank to be packed for market.

The smaller bee-keeper — he who
thinks the foregoing method too ex-
pensive, but at the same time wishes to
obtain the highest prices for his honey
— should utilize the heat of the sun to
gain his end. He should place a shal-
low tank in a room with alow, flat roof,
the tank to be connected with the ex-
trator to get its supply of honey. It
should have a cap on top, painted
black, likewise the walls, to draw the
heat. The roof should be constructed
so that part of it could be removed
easily to admit the rays of the sun.
The sun striking the black surface of
the tank for several days in the heat of
summer, will soon bring all impurities
to the top, which can easily be skim-
med off. Such arrangement would be
inexpensive and practicable, and honey
thus treated will soon cast up all im-
purities, give off surplus moisture,
present a clear appearance, and retard
granulation.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

A Good Year for this Canadian.

This has been a good year for us.
Bees were not in good shape in May,
but white clover came in bloom earlier
than ever before, and is still blooming,
though ,of course, not yielding honey.
I have increased to 205 colonies, and ex-
pect to make that 300, at least, next sea-
son. This year my average was about
120 pounds per colony, mostly extracted
honey. Morley Pettit.

Ontario, Canada, Oct. 20.

Prevention of Swarming.

We keep the bees in 8 frame portico
hives of a pattern similar to the Lang-
stroth, but with middle bars in the
frames, and a plain front hive, similar
to the Simplicity hive ; I like the por-

718

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 5, 1903.

tico pattern much better forhandlicg
and hiving-, and can put 28 of the regu-
lar 4 '4x4)4 sections on them at a time.

This year I found No. 2 was weak in
bees, while No. 3 was very strong, so
just before swarming began I placed
No. 3 where No. 2 had stood, and No. 2
in the space left vacant by moving No.
3. Neither of them swarmed, although
both were fairly strong. I think I lost
25 pounds of honey by the operation,
for neither was strong enough to
gather much surplus in the short flow
that we had. Howard H. House.

Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 23.

A Utah Report.

I took 620 gallons of extracted honey
from 30 colonies, and increased, by
dividing, to 45 colonies. No swarms.
How is that ? B. F. Barrus.

Tooele Co., Utah, Oct. 17.

Good Wintering Advice.
I wish to call the atttention of bee-
keepers to the fact that we should have
more of our winter loss the previous
autumn. Don't try to carry every col-
ony through the winter that has a few
bees in it. Remember that it is nearly
always an indictment against a queen
to find her always the mother of a weak
colony. Don't let such colonies use up
a lot of valuable stores, and then die,
but weed out such and double up, sav-
ing the best queens, then feed in a
way that will stimulate late breeding,
and thus go into winter with bees
whose life is before them instead of be-
hind them. Have a standard of excel-
lence that bees must come up to Nov.

DAMDY

GREEN BONE CUTTER

and {j:et diHidy .satisfaction jo ever'
wuy. Try it before yoii buy it for
days. If not satisfactory we'll take it bflf
Stratton yUg. Co., BoX 2| • Erie, 1

f lease ]

\

1UUJ>

The Nickel Plate Road

will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 25, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30, 19113. Three through trains daily
to Ft. Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New York, Boston and New England
points, carrying vestibuled sleeping-
cars. No excess fare charged on any
train on Nickel Plate Road. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 35c to $1.00 ; also a la carte. Chi-
cago City Ticket Offices, 111 Adams
St., and Auditorium Annex. 'Phone
Central 2057. Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.

M

ORE EGGS

ey Bone Cutter,
ey Clover Cuttei

I'MuItry H.Kik se

will double etr^

HUMPHREY, Kemp Street Factory, JOLIET, ILL

BOYS

WE WANT WUKRbHS

Boys, Girls, oldandyounpallko,
make money working for ua.
farDlnb capital to start y on mbosi-
SEodDB lOo sUmpB or flllTer for fall tnstractions and a lineot

iMtoworkwiih. URAPRR PURIISHINOCO.Xhlcaeo.lll

[[;3r" Follow no advice that 3'our own jud;;-
aient does not pronounce sound and practi-
cable.—Printer's Ink.

VENTILATED
BUSHEL

These (rates are ttie most convenient tilings
tliat can he used on tlie farm. Apples, potatoes
and otlicr fruits and vegetables can be gathered,
stored and taken to market in them without re-
liandlin'-'. They allow air to circulate freely
tlirough them. " Our crates cost 8 cents each
ready to nail together. Made of best material
and with decent care will last a lifetime. Can
be "nested" together to store away. Our illus-
trated booklet No. 11 telling all aboutthem free.

GENEVA COOPERAGE CO., GENEVA, 0.

m

S WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted.

^ in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote

vour best price delivered Cincinnati.

mi

iTheFredW.MuthCo,,

i

p
i

Front and Walnut, ^

CINCINNATI, OHIO. -^^

Order Your Bee-SupDlles Now

While vpe can serve yon
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

1st, and make them do it, and then we
vein have less vrinter loss and more
honey for stimulative feeding the next
spring.

I Remember, there is many a slip
'twixt the queen-cell and a car-load of
honey. Number of bees in the hives
instead of colonies in the apiary, is a
good motto.

I would like to have been there and
made one more of that car-load of bee-
keepers, but I had to load two cars of
honey during that 10 days, so I could
not go. M. A. GiLi,.

Boulder Co., Colo., Oct. 24.

A Very Poop Year.

This has been a very poor year for
bees in this part of Vermont. But we
are not going to give up the American
Bee Journal, just the same.

A. W. Dakbv.

Grand Isle Co., Vt., Oct. 24.

Has a Home Demand for Hone,y.

This has been a poor year for bees.
I had about 25 colonies the past season,
and run for both comb and extracted
honey. I have a home trade for all of
it — comb at IS cents, and extracted, 2
pounds for 25 cents. I put some of it
in jelly glasses, and put my label on
them, guaranteeing its purity.

The American Bee Journal is a paper
that every bee-keeper should take.

Luther Bryant.

Wayne Co.. Pa., Oct. 19.

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAM, Farwell. Mich.

iplease '^eution Bee Journal -when "WTiting.

At a Lower Price.— We have arranged to have
the Hamphrev IV.ultry Book sent free to aH oi
our readeis who will drop a pufcial card askiug^
for it. It isn't as biff as an encjclopedia, and
it doesn't pretend to tell everythine about
fowls, but it does contain a good many valuable
poinlers on feeding- and brooding-, which every
one who owns chickens may punder with profit.
Ot couise it touches on the Humphrey products
—the famous Humphrey Op*n-Hopper Bone-
Cutter, the Humphrey Rapid Clover cutter, the
Humphrey Pure Air Brooder and other sup-
plies which poultry raisers will find useful and
profitable. On the Bone Cutters the Company
has made a general reduction in price for this
season. Mr. Humphrey has an enviable repu-
tation for fair dealing, and his g^oods are known
far and -wide as leaders in their classes. You
ought to know about them. Send your name
to-day to Humphrey, Kemp Street Factory,
Joliet, 111., and mention the American Bee
Journal when wiiling.

Don'i

Order your HIVES until
you get our prices. We are
making the Dovetailed Hive

from Michigan White fine
—the best pine on earth. 10
percent discount from now until Dec. 1.

THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,

XjA-isrsiisrcj-, - miich.

42Atl Please mention the Bee Journal.

Sections, Stiipplna-Gases.
Honeu-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeppr
Prompt shipping. FINE" ITALIAN QUEENS
Catalog free. _

C, M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
4nAtf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Please mention Bee Journal
wben writing advertisers.

Nov. 5, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

719

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Chlcsgo-Northwestern.- The regular annua:
meetiutr of llie cliicago-Northivestera Bee-
Keepers' Associ.llioa will be heli in the Revere
House Club-Room, southeast corner of North
Clark and Michigao Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3, l'i03. The Revere
House has made a rate of 75 cents per person
per niirht lor lodginir, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or ou the American plan at $J
per dav. 0*iujr to the Revere House furnishing
iKEB a place lor holdintr our meeting, we feel
that all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention Dr. C. C. Miller, Er-
nest K. Ro.t, VV. Z. Hutchinson, Emerson T.
Abbott, N. E. France, Inspector J. Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberU. Root have sittnifled
their intention to be present. Pin this in your
hat. There will be one of the best meetings
ever held in Chicago. Everybody come.

Herman F. Mooke, Sec.

Gborgb W. York, Pres.

P. S.— H has been suggested that beekeepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.

Missouri.— The Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1003. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in tees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer.
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
von can return for .'i fare.

W. F. Gary, Sec. J. W.Rocse, Pres.

Illinois.— The Illinois State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Nov. 17 and IX, 1903. It
has been so arranged that all who become
members of the State Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will for
the same be made a member of the National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago-Northwestern
Associations. Efforts will be made at our
coming meeting to give also a membership in
the Chicago-Northwestern for the same $1.00
fee, providing it can be so arranged.

Railroad fare has been promised on all the
roads in the Central Division of one (are for the
round trip, and a fare and a third ou tbeotheis;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter.

Jas. a. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY", any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

For Thanksgiving Day

a rate of one fare and a third for the
round trip has been authorized to
points within ISO miles on the Nickel
Plate Road, g^ood returning to and in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903. La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the Kl-
evated Loop. City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
•Phone Central 2057. 27— 44A4t

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

tonjeel Ihoo^woo work for on. Cw ktep»n!«l»i>yB
h»T» mone?. We start yon In bustnees. You maks
large prnnte. EMy work. We furnish capiul. Send
lOcenufor ^lii ,ln« of samplesaufl particulars.

DDaPEB PUBIISHINQ CO.. Cblcaco. Ills.
Please mention Bee Journal 'when 'wrlUius

|£^" If your business has attained a cotn-
forlable groHlh, unload details to worthy em-
ployees, ami thea create the necessary leisure
for yourself to work out schemes for impor-
laiil improvements and new channels of de-
velopmeot. Trust implicitlj' where contidence
is well ijestowed. but the best you know keep
for yourself. — Printers' Ink.

Please mentlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Bee=Books

SKNT roSTl'AIP I'Y

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St.. - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 'MS pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and desi^u; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 113 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unitiue in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, §1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scienliBc. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.30.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
oeen entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L. 1>. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.20

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by ti. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, ?1.00;
in leatherette binding, CO cents.

Bees an(T Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas C4. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called '"Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Ilegister, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two jjages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for ."lO colonies, il.OO.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 ots.

Foul Brood, by A. 11. Kohnke. — Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.-\KKKT QlJOT.\TIONS

)

Chicago, Oct. 21. -Sales are not frequent,
with No. 1 to fancy white comb honey bridging
13(a)14c per pound. To obtain 13)^((JUc it has
to be perfect and in sections th jt will not weigh
over Hfruis ounces: sections that weigh 16
ounces and over have to be sold at from 1 to 3c
less per pound. Extracted, white, sells at 6@7c
in barrels; t'%(ettl^c ia cans, according to qual-
ity. Beeswax, 2s@30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

BuFi Ai.o, N. Y„ Oct. 11.— The demand'for
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it dues not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi e comb, 14@15c: A No. 1. 13>i
@14c; No. 1, 13@13«c: No. 2, 12®12Wc; No. 3,
ll@l3c; No. 1 dark comb, lX@l2c; No. 3. lOOltc.
White extracted, 6!^(a)7c; amber, 6(S6,^c; dark,
5H@'6c. Beeswax, 2.S@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Oct. '8. —Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c; jjlass-froat cases
fancy white, at 16c; No. 3, at 14c. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6M>(a(7>^c, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.

Cincinnati, Oct. 21— The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the satne.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from S(^S}4c; in cans about half cent more;
water-white allalfa, 6(ai6>^ cents; white clover.
6H(aJ7Hc. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Fancy water-
white, 14(2il5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

Albany, N. Y., Oct. 18.— Honey market still
firm for honey in comb and receiots not equal
to demand; fancy white, 16c; No. 1, 15c: mixed
14K@15c; buckwheat, 13^@l4^c. Extracted,
quiet: white, 7®7!.^c: mixed, 6H@1c; dark
6@65^c. Beeswax, 29@30c. H. R. Wright.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good: demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, per case. $3 oo: No. 1,
white and amber, $2.75; No. 2, $3,50. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, S@6c. Beeswax, 25f3.3nc.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freelv, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
SK@6!^c: white clover, 6H@7J^c. Fancy comb
honey, 15c. Beeswax, 30c.

Thk Fred W. Mcth Co.

New York, Sept. 23.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and Is finding readv sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy while, 13@14c for No.
1 white, and 13c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet,
and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 28®2'>c per pound.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKBN.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13014 cents: amber, ^(ailc. Extracted
white, SH&t>iic: light amber, S@SKc; amber.
4>i@5c: dark amber, 4@4^ic. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27S4(a20c: dark, 25(a36c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the onlv kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buver:-. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

WANTED! '^*<?5^B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred \V. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut. Cincinnati. Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey id quantitv lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo , or Fairfield, III.

720

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 5, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yoii
M'till not be disappointed.
W^e are undersold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginoers.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

"W. M. Gerrish, Eppidg, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog^ prices.
Order of him and save the f reig-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

Jt^ease mentiox) Bee Joximai "when "wntina.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee= Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of poods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich,
^ease mention tJee joumai wnen ■wntiaa

$300,000,000.00 A ItAK

and you may have part of It If you work
for us. Uii?)6 Sam's poultry product pays
that 8um. Send 10c for eampies and partie
ulare. We furniflh capital to start you in

buBlness. Dnper PabtishlaKCo.,Cblca20,lll.

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White (llass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 uunces of honey, at J4 00 per jfros-. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62CortlandtSt ,NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WEAK
EYES

CUDED

AT HOME.

. u„ c... .„ou3 charses specialists eitort
'or treating the eves can be saved by a
limple but certain home cure which bas

; only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye s' ' ' "' *.".■. a ^a

ght of inestimable value. Tbe

Chilian Eye Treatment

reraovts cataracts -w-ithout the knife , at
home, cures granulated lids, floating
specks, scums, growths

...jtl inflamed
■ves "failine'siTht, or we refund your
loney. Send full description of your case

_ 111 aescinjLi^-u wi jvjui v«^u

and ask for our free booklet and advice.
Chilian Bemeily Co., 6T G St . Buslinell. Illinois

fiease monUon Bee Joumai "whexx wiitljic

ig-" Sensible people like natural talk. In
prepariog your advertisements remember that
you are talking to many people who know
you and expect you to talk as naturally and
as sensibly in your announcements as you do
over your counter. Say things tnat you
won't be ashamed to have read in your pres-
ence by your most exacting neighljor.— .Jed
Scarboro. in Printers' Ink.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writine Advertisers.

^26tftDadant's Foundation ^^^^^

year

year

We guarantee Satisfaction. J^^rT^i^'S,sllfX%lEE(^J.''-

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING.

Why

rlrtf^e it cc^ll an vi7f>ll V Because it has always given better satls-
UU&S It. acil OVf well i^ faction thati any other. Because In as years

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' Suoplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦*

x:x

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Lcingslroth on the Honey-BeG — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture— Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Journal whon ■writine.

m
m

i

'-ail

m

m

m

'suit

m

I

5 Percent Discount

DURING THE NOIHTH OF NOVENBER.

There is every evidence that there will be a heavy demand for
goods the coming season ; and if you defer placing your order until
next February or March, you will not only lose your discount, but
may have to wait for the filling of your order some weeks. Indeed,
you can afford to borrow money, and get your goods now, thus hav-
ing them all ready for next season's use.

Every Month You Wait, it will Cost You 1 Percent
Per Montli.

The styles of goods will be about the same for next season, so
there is no use waiting for a new Catalog. But remember prices
have advanced, owing to the increased price of material ; but if you

Take Advantage of Our Early-Order Discount

you will not be paying any more for your goods than last year. A
word to the wise is sufficient.

The A. L Root Co,, Medina, Ohio,

BK,A.N"CII OFFICEJS.

g^ CHICAGO, ILL., 144 E. Erie St. SYRACUSE, N. Y., I63S W. Genesee St. ^

ST. PAUL, MINN., 1024 Miss. St. PHILADELPHIA, PA., 10 Vine St. !S@i

WASHINGTON, D.;C., 1100 Maryland Ave., S. W.
•giJit SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE.

Please neution Bee Journal wtten writinci.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention-Dec. 2 and 3, 1903

Dee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E, Erie Street.

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., NOV. 12, 1903.

No. 46.

722

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEtELY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

J>R.C.C.Mii,i,BS, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, ia the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
,- plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members ia
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer,

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President- J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary— George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, lioveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DoOLiTT le, Corodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, ChapinviUe, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escoudido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

De. C. C. Miller, Marengo, V

tt^" It more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the ofUce of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee.keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Dr. Miller's New Book

Free a»> a Preniiiini for Sending Xwo
IVcw Sub!i>criber!«.

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated with
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPY OF DR. fflllLEE'S

"FORTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid ; or, if taken with the
WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for SI. 75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL,

\

Ptoft Mention the Bee JoarBal I^^^nte^^.?..
The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on tbe other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the f^ULi., Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— When oLderlug-, be sure to saj just what name and
Address you wish put on tbe Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies la the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, aud Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best qnaltty;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest English ra7.or-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
ihe back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the ** Novelty" is lost, having name aud address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi'-
tunate as to have one of the '' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and ia
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

lemento could a mother
tleman, the knife having

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting
give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gi
the name of the recipient on one side?

The acconipanying cuf gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful knife, as tlv* ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$^'*'X) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.

4S*Please allor* •'bout two weeks for your knife order to be llUecl«

ChicagOf nil

':i86i ^^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 12, 1903.

No. 46.

Editorial Comments

]

Let YouF Light Shine.

Bee-keepers read the pages of bee-papers to get light from them.
Fortunately, bee-keepers as a class are exceedingly unselfish, and
when one of them gets new light upon any point he is not only will-
ing, but anxious, that others should have the same light. There are,
however, many who seem in some way to have gotten the idea that
unless they are very prominent as bee-keepers, or unless they have
made some great discovery, their contributions will not be welcomed.
Such is very far from the fact. The most obscure bee-keeper in the
land may happen upon some improvement that the veterans will be
glad to learn. So don't be afraid to add your light, even if you think
it be a very little light. The stars don't refuse to shine because they
are not as big as the sun. Tell us of your successes, and even of your
failures. No matter how trilling it may be, if you have made a gain
by any little improvement in management, let us know about it. It's
the little things, when all put together, that help to make successful
bee-keeping. Remember that " trifles make perfection, but perfection
is no trifle."

The Value of Drones.

This is still a matter in which opinions are divided, although the
majority probably agree that it is well to suppress their production.
There are, however, some who claim that drones are of value aside
from the matter of fecundating the queens, it being claimed that they
aid in keeping up the heat of the colony. There can be no disputing
the fact that drones produce heat, but no one claims that a given
weight of drones will produce more heat than the same weight of
workers. Yet this seems the sort of reasoning that justifies the pres-
ence of drones:

"A pound of drones will produce as much heat as a pound of
workers ; therefore, a pound of drones to keep up heat in the hive
will release a pound of workers to go afield, and the amount of honey
stored by this pound of workers will be just so much added to the
crop as a gain from the presence of drones."

It seems just a bit strange that men otherwise level-headed should
accept such reasoning as conclusive. For a pound of workers in place
of the pound of drones would release just as many other workers to
go afield, these workers keeping up the heat w'AiVc doing the work in
the hive, and in their turn becoming storers, whereas the drones work
neither in the hive nor afield.

Honey-Exehange Advertising— Marketing Honey.

On Nov. 3rd we received the following, which will be read with
interest:

Editor American Bee .Jol-rnal: — Notwithstanding the fact
that we are very busy helping producers find a market for their honey,
packing our bees away for winter, etc., we must take time to say,
Bravo, to your remarks regarding honey exchanges or asssociations,
on page 691. We were laboring under the impression that all such
were a free lance, and welcome to all the space they could use in our
bee-publications. We have often thought that with that advantage,
such organizations should be making much more progress than they
really are making.

But now, " look a-here," you spoiled it all with that 14V.;-cent
honey article which followed close on the heels of it. The Illinois
bee-keeper that got that for his honey had to get it on the market be-
fore the trade became posted. Our early sales were at 14 cents, but
the large majority of our customers could not get their honey ready
for them on account of the factories failing to furnish them shipping-
cases in time. .

Then we had to drop to 13 cents. At this price we got a consid-
erable sprinkling of our sales filled, some car-lots, etc. But now,
where is the market in which any considerable amount can be sold at
more than 12 cents spot cash * And that is the only thing that counts
now-a-days. We are in close touch with all markets, and ship to
them all, and we know of none unless the " case '" idea is worked.

Our hobby has been for several years, "Cash at the producer's
depot." Counting the vicissitudes attending the shipment, sale, etc.,
of comb honey, we can not figure out much more than 10 cents for
what remains unsold of the crop, unless it is ofltered in car-lots, which
reduces the risk to a minimum, together with the freight and the
trouble attending the sale of a car-lot, which is often no more than a
500 or 1000 pound lot.

We believe that the best work we can do is not to make honey
hard to get, to raise the price, but make it more popular. And we
would enjoy being assessed by the National for the purpose of adver-
tising honey. The majority of people must be interested in eating
honey before we will see the end of 10-cent honey, no matter how fine.

The honey is excellent this season, and will be a great help in
advertising the sale of it for another season.

Thos. C. Stanley & Son.

We are more than ever of the opinion that the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association should in some way create a fund for the purpose of
advertising honey. Such expenditure would aid every producer of
honey in the country. Thos. C. Stanley it Son are dealers in honey,
and of course they are willing to contribute to such a fund. We be-
lieve not only dealers in honey, but bee-keepers as well, would be glad
to help swell the fund for such a purpose. All could well afford to
do so, we think, for it would likely cause such a popular demand for
honey as would increase the price not a little.

We have noticed a glucose concern lately advertising extensively
an article of which they say, "Better than honey for less money."
Not satisfied with filching the good name of honey, they even go so
far as to use a picture of a straw hive with bees flying around it. What
a pity that the National is not in position to follow that up with the
advertising of the real honey ! Were we still in the honey-business,
we certainly would try to do something to counteract such evil effect
upon the sale of genuine honey. Of course, we would not be finan-
cially able to do very much, but we certainly would make the attempt,
and do all we could afford to do in that line.

We hope that either the National will take hold of this matter, or
that the various honey-producers' associations or exchanges will get
together and begin an advertising campaign that will result in such a
big demand for genuine bees' honey that the beekeepers will simply
be unable to supply it even at a greatly advanced price. There is no
time like the present for such action. We believe it would have a
tremendous effect on the call for honey, not only for this year's crop,
but for the future crops of honey.

Room Required for Cellaring Bees.

This is a matter likely to be inquired about at this time of year by
those who, for the first time, desire to cellar so many colonies that
there may be fears as to sufficient room. Ten cubic feet for each
colony has been given as the proper amount of room, and is probably
not far out of the way. In the Bee-Keepers' Review, R. L. Taylor says
it would be well to allow two square feet of floor surface for each col-
ony it is to accommodate at any one time, thus allowing a cellar 20x20

724

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12 1903.

feet to accommodate 200 colonies. In this Mr. Taylor omits an impor-
tant factor, the height of the cellar. A cellar 20x20 would need to be
only 5 feet high to allow 10 cubic feet for each colony. That would
be a very low cellar, although 6 feet is not an uncommon height. An
additional foot or two in height would, of course, add much to the
capacity of the cellar. Mr. Taylor very properly adds :

But it must not be overlooked that colonies are variable quanti-
ties. Two hundred colonies at the end of a favorable season might
, easily equal, in heat-evolving capacity, 400 colonies at the end of a
very unfavorable season. The 200 colonies, in such a case, would be
likely to overheat a cellar of the size suggested in the absence of extra
care.

Still further it should be added that the low temperature of the
cellar, and the consequent necessity for keeping it tightly closed, has
a bearing on the number of colonies that may be accommodated in a
given space. If conditions are such that for days at a time the cellar
must be kept tightly closed for fear of its being too cold, then it may
be that a larger allowance than 10 cubic feet for each colony would
be advisable. On the contrary, toward the southern edge of the re-
gion for advisable wintering, or in severer climates, where the celUr
is unusually warm by means of a furnace or for other reason, so
that a door or window may be kept open generally, there might be no
suffering with colonies packed so closely that each one would have
considerably less than 10 cubic feet.

"The Dairy Show."

In London, England, this is the annual occasion of the meeting
of bee-men in October, for the purpose of witnessing or participating
in the competition for prizes offered on honey and beeswax. Just
why honey should appear at a dairy show may not appear on the sur-
face, although butter and honey combine in a very friendly manner
on bread, and " milk and honey " is a phrase frequently found in use,
dating back to the time when the Israelites were in bondage in Kgypt.
Later on, the combination of " butter and honey " may be found in
the Bible, where it is said, " Butter and honey shall he eat, when he
knoweth to refuse the evil, and choose the good." Isaiah ":15.

An Argument for Bulk Honey.

This is given by W. W. McXeal, in the American Bee-Keeper,
based on the fact, or supposed fact, that section honey is so nice that
the public doubts its genuineness. He says:

Chunk honey appeals to the people in general, because it is on a
par with their education in things agricultural. It excites both the
admiration and the appetite of the lover of honey, and when he has
sampled it he is willing to concede the fact that it is " real bees' "
honey. If wrapped in a good quality of butter paper the honey is
very presentable indeed, and will readily sell in any market.

Migratory Bee=Keeping.

M. F. Reeve says, in the American Bee-Keeper, that this is practiced
by bee-keepers of Philadelphia, Pa. In the fall they move their bees
to the open country along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, and
some seasons reap quite a harvest from the acres of goldenrod, asters,
heartsease, and smartweed.

Big Combs.

H. C. Sears, according to his report in Gleanings in Bee-Culture,
accompanied by a half-tone illustration, seems to have bees that com-
pete very successfully with Apis dorsata in the matter of building
large combs. Two of the combs shown are 23 inches wide and 60
inches long ! They were in the siding of a building.

Wax-fflotbs.

Beginners should be reminded that wax-moths can do no injury in
severe cold, and if unused combs are left out where they will freeze
during the winter, both larvse and eggs will be destroyed.

But look out for the depredations of mice.

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

(

Miscellaneous Items

The Chicago-Northwestern Convention on Dec. 2 and 3.
Don't forget that. Try to be here. It will be held in the club-room
of the Revere House, southeast corner of North Clark and Michigan
Streets, Chicago. Rates for room and meals reasonable.

Remember the time — Wednesday and Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3.

Mr. J. L. Strong, of Page Co., Iowa, oneof our advertisers dur-
ing the queen-rearing season, recently sent several queens on an order
from New Zealand, received on account of his advertising in the
American Bee Journal. The local paper gave quite a write-up of
the event, and also Mr. Strong's growing prominence as a queen-
breeder.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Richmond Co., Ga., wrote us as follows

Nov. 2:

" I am still holding the fort. Enjoy good health. Sleep soundly
at night. Relish my plain (nearly vegetarian) 'grub.' Mrs. B. is the
only complainer — she frequently has attacks of rheumatism.

" Bees have done moderately well this season. The woodman's
ax and the farmer's plowshare are gradually curtailing the area of bee-
forage. Bees, in our section, are dependent upon the natural flow,
and this is being destroyed."

Mr. Bingham, the Bee-Smoker Man, recently sent us one
of his latest smokers. It is the "Conqueror " size, but it is more than
a conqueror. We used it when preparing our bees for winter, and
such a deluge of smoke 1 Why, we were almost ashamed to turn such
a tremendous volume of smoke on the bees. The movable nozzle fits
into a sort of cup at the end of the tire-barrel instead of slipping over
it, as is the usual form. This new smoker is exceedingly light in
weight, and has a wonderfully strong blast. We should call it
'• Bingham's Best." It beats anything we have tried in bee-smokers.

3Ir. Geo. W. Brotlbeck, of Los Angeles Co., Calif., writing
us Oct. 2r, said :

" One of ray out-apiaries at Santa Monica had a narrow escape
from lire several days ago, but the precaution I had taken in having
1he brush removed from the near surroundings saved the apiary. As
it was, it burned all around it, destroying 200 tons of hay just adjoin-
ing. Several reyiorts have come in recently of loss of apiaries by these
mountain fires, which often prevail during the dry season."

Mr. Brodbeck was very fortunate in his escape. A mountain fire,
in such a dry time as they have out there, would be a pretty wild and
direful affair.

General Manager Prance is a busy man now. He is get-
ting out an elaborate report relative to the work of the Association
during the past year. The large increase of membership (500) since
he took hold of it is substantial encouragement and a splendid in-
dorsement. Mr. France has several cases of adulteration on hand,
and it certainly will not be his fault if he does not strike consternation
in some (luarters. The Association is doing splendidly, but it can do
a great deal better if it has the moral support and dollars of more men
who are interested in its welfare. Bee-suits of various kinds are be-
coming more frequent again ; and if those of you who read this are
not members tier'ure an action is begun against you, you can expect no
aid by joining the Association after you get into trouble. The Asso-
ciation is a sort of life insurance, and the small fee or premium of
$1.00 entitles you to protection for a whole year, to say nothing of the
other benefits you will get. — Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Once Late in 20 Years. — A Stray Straw in Gleanings in
Bee-Culture for Nov. 1, reads thus:

" The American Bee Journal for Oct. 15 was mailed two days be-
hind time, the first time that paper was late for 20 years ! A printers'
strike made the delay. The * Old Reliable ' has been so regular that
you could tell the day of the week by its arrival. George W. doesn't
intend to have it late for another 20 years."

Editor Root then added this comment:

" The record up to the lime of the strike was remarkable. Mr.
York and his predecessor during the time are to be congratulated.
May the ' Old Reliable ' continue to break the record for another 20
years.''

Our thanks are due, and hereby tendered, for the kind words and
wishes expressed in the foregoing. We hope it will indeed be 20 years
before the old American Bee Journal need be late again.

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

725

[ Convention Proceedings |

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting" of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from pajje 711.1

REMINISCENCES OF BEE-KEEPING AND BEE-KEEP-
ERS IN THE EARLY DAYS.

J. G. Corey — After listening- to the remarks of Mr. Har-
bison and Mr. Root, I do not know that I will be able to say
anything- that will interest you, but inasmuch as I am called
on, I will give you the benefit of some of my early experi-
ences in bee-keeping.

To begin at the beginning, where a man first becomes
interested in the pursuit, would be to go back to the year
1836. We moved up from the center of the State of Illinois,
near the line of the present Illinois Central Railroad. We
did not make as good time as they make now, and we were
two or three months going up that 200 miles. We landed
on the east side of the river, a few miles below Rock Island,
and they met us with the ferry boat and ferried us across
Rock River. The boat was built by hewing down trees and
hewing out the timber.

We continued our journey, my father not being satis-
fied with that country, and we located in Stephenson
county, 14 miles north of Freeport, near the northern line
of the State of Illinois. We arrived there, I think, about
the middle of May, and after building a little cabin, the
man that drove our team commenced cutting down the trees
in the grove, and splitting up rails to fence our farm. In
doing so, he very often came across bee-trees and marked
them, and the mark was respected ; and in the fall, when
our pork-barrel was empty, we filled it up on chunk honey.
We then had enough bee-trees for filling our pork-barrel of
some 300 or 400 pounds. We cut them down below the en-
trance and above, and set them down on the south side of
the fence. We fenced our dooryard in, and I was installed
as bee-keeper, to watch those bees when they swarmed, and
assist about hiving them. We made our hives out of sec-
tions of the basswood or linden tree, and called them
"gums." We bored holes in them, and put cross-sticks
in them, and split out lumber to make the tops, and sawed
little notches for the bees to fly out. That was the primi-
tive apiary in Stephenson county. I became interested in
bees by watching these bees. Then, afterwards, I assisted
a man by the name of Rowe, about 5 or 6 miles from us. He
was a Pennsylvania German, who had been a bee-keeper in
that primitive style. He maintained that no man could
keep 100 colonies of bees. He said he had 99 once, but
when he counted them over, some of them had decamped,
and he had but 99 still, and he did not believe a man could
keep 100 colonies.

Soon after that a pamphlet fell into my hands, which
seemed to have been written by a man who was a little bit
" light in the upper story." He claimed to have invented a
bee-bellows which would keep the bees in ; the bees would
fly out, and all you had to do was to go in there and get out
wagon-loads of honey. Not knowing, of course, whether
that was so or not, it served to increa;se my interest in bee-
keeping.

I had no opportunity to gratify my desires in that
direction until 1859. I was then high up in Plumas county ;
the altitude is something a little less than 4000 feet above
the sea-level. I picked up a paper and read an account of
the invention of a movable-frame hive by Mr. Langstroth,
and a review of his book. I soon obtained a copy of his
book, and it cost me S4.00 or $5.00. I think it cost me SI. 00
express from San Francisco up. I read that book with a
great deal of attention and care.

In December (I was then acting as County Treasurer of
Plumas county), I went to Sacramento to settle with the
State Treasurer. Of course, as I had become interested in
bees, I was told of Mr. Harbison. I went out to his place,

but did not find him at home. I was told that a colony of
bees would cost me something like S200 to S250. Hut that
didn't make an difference.

After that I went down to San Francisco to have some
books made for the county. As the facilities for book-
binding were not very perfect, it took two or three weeks to
get the books made up. Meantime I was looking around
for bees. I picked up a paper and found an auction notice
of some bees that had come across the Isthmus of Panama,
and the owner had left them in the hands of the Wells-
Fargo Express Company, and they were to be sold for the
charges. I looked them over, and when they were put up
for sale I bid in two colonies at $35 apiece. When the auc-
tion was over a man came to me and told me he lived in
Oakland, and that he had been buying some tees that had
come across the Isthums of Panama ; that he had trans-
ferred them and built them up, and they were in good
shape. He asked me what I proposed to do with them. He
said, " You ship them over to Oakland, and we will see what
there is to them." Well, I did so, and we found they were
very weak, but both had queens.

He made a proposition to sell me a box about 12 inches
square, with the combs fastened in so they would not move.
The box was made of cracker-box lumber about ^s of an
inch thick. It suited my notion on account of high altitude
and heavy transportation. So I made a bargain with him,
and paid him " boot money," and let him have mine at $35
and took his colony at $100.

I took that colony up on the steamer, and when we got
to Marysville, a man told me the country was getting full
of bees, and he didn't see why I wanted to pay such a price.
He said there was a man named Kennedy out there who
had, I think, 65 colonies. Perhaps he had divided or sub-
divided them until they did not seem very strong. But they
were working very nicely. However, I took my colony on
the stage, and went up to Bidwell's Bar. I owned an inter-
est in a saddle-train connected with the Feather River Ex-
press. Our facilities for transportation were rather imper-
fect, and we went up to the nearest place called Buck Eye
Ranch, and from there over, and the mountain was covered
with a great deal of snow, in some places 25 to 30 feet deep.
My partner was there with me, and we got ourselves across
the mountains. I had my colony of bees, and he had some
express matters.

I took along some honey, and mixed that up and dashed
in a little honey once in awhile, and let the colony rest on a
window-sill where the bees could fly out into the yard. The
choke-cherries soon blossomed there, I think about the lat-
ter part of February or the first of March. My bees built
up very rapidly, and on June 6, 1860, my first swarm came
out. Court was then in session. They flew out and up on
a pine tree, and the man who went after them said the tree
was 95 feet high, and he charged me $5.00 ! He tied a cord
around his waist, as he would lower a body on a rope. He
would cut the limbs away below and let himself down.
When court adjourned, we came out and saw this colony of
bees hived. Then, having read Langstroth a little, I made
a sub-division of this colony, and at the end of the season I
had six colonies of bees in good shape. I was offered $1.00
a pound for honey very often, but I wanted to build up the
bees.

Soon after that I received notice of my father's death,
I sold my six colonies of bees for $600. The man is living
there in that country now. It is said that bee-keepers are
quite long-lived, but many of us are getting so old that we
are not able to do very much in the business.

I located in Ventura county in 1874, and bought a half
interest in about 100 colonies of bees, hived in Langstroth
hives. We did not have any foundation then. He did not
know what he could do, though. I bought a half interest
in them, and paid him at the rate of $8.00 a colony for them.
I transferred them in the spring of 1875. I gathered up
bees around there. Then I went to San Francisco on busi-
ness and tried to get some of the Harbison section -boxes.
They told me Mr. Harbison had moved to San Diego, and
all he had were down there. But I found a man named
Weatherby who made me some section-boxes, which he
called the " Weatherby Modification," but they were vir-
tually the Harbison section-boxes. I bought of him sec-
tion-boxes and packing-cases, and produced 12 tons of
honey in the Harbison boxes, and 8 tons of extracted
honey. My extracted honey sold for 10 cents, and comb
honey at 18 cents. I still own some bees there.

My success has been variable, sometimes very good,
and at other times not so good. We have had a series of
poor years, but still we stick to it, and the old bee-keepers,
somehow or another, can not entirely shake it off so as to

726

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

get rid of the bees. The bees seem to stick by them. Per-
haps if we did get out of it entirely a colony would come
along and alight on our trees, and we would have to have
them anyway. My neighbors come in to buy of me every
few days during the season. They comedown and are will-
ing to give me a half dollar, or a dollar, for an old rejected
hive, and so I sell them. I do not know that it would be
possible or desirable to do so, to get rid of the bees.
•~- My acquaintance with bee-keepers has been mostly
through the bee-papers. I have been a very close reader of
them all these years. I have the first copy of Gleanings
ever issued, and the first copy of the Bee Journal that Mr.
Wagner published. I have barrels and barrels of them,
and my successors may some time read them. I have kept
them very carefully.

I have attended a good many bee-keepers' meetings,
and I believe I have joined about all of them. I have found

National Bee-Keepers' Association, beg to submit to this
assembly the following :

Believing that it is the sense of all large producers of
honey and local associations now organized in the West, as
well as many smaller holders, that we, as members of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, use every available
means afforded us to create a National Honey-Producers'
Association upon a strictly commercial basis, for the
handling of our product, that we may realize to ourselves,
as producers, the full value of said product ; and

Whekeas, The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association
and the California National Honey-Producers' Association,
as well as many other smaller associations, are well on the
road to success, that we encourage them in their good work.
And that we recognize in the name and the formation of
the California National Honey-Producers' Association the
i existence of the National Honey-Producers' Association,

APIARY OF W. J. MeCAKKOLL, OF L03 ANGELES CO., CAI.IF.

(Note the Extracting Tent, " Pipe Line," and Storage-Tank in the shade of the pepper-trees. The growth on the opposite hill is

mostly black sage. )

it of benefit socially, and in getting items of people en-
gaged in the pursuit. I never expected to be permitted to
meet the men I have met here, whom I have been reading
after so carefully for so many years, but I have finally
met them. Perhaps the next time the National meets here
at Los Angeles you may not see me here ; but at the same
time there will be some one, perhaps, to take my place.

I thank you very kindly.

Mr. Hyde spoke briefly, giving some reasons why, in
his opinion, the meeting should be held in San Antonio next
year.

Dr. Miller moved an adjournment, but the chairman
called for the report of the committee on Honey-Producers'
Association, and the motion was withdrawn. Thereupon
Mr. F. E. Brown reported as follows :

REPORT OF COMMITTEB ON NATIONAL HONEY-PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION.

We, the committee, appointed by the National Bee-
Keepers' Association at the Denver convention, for the
purpose of drafting plans for the commercial part of the

upon the conditions that their by-laws be amended to cover
the necessary requirements for the broadening out and the
uniting of other associations.

And we further recommend that the chairman appoint
a committee of seven to draft plans by which this might be
done ; and when their report is submitted and accepted by
this Association, as well as the California National Pro-
ducers' Association, then it will become fully recognized as
the commercial part of this Association, or the National
Honey-Producers' Association.

W. Z. Hutchinson, )

O. L. Hkrshiskr, - Com.

F. E. Brown, )

The chairman appointed the committee as follows : F.
E. Brown, chairman ; E. S. Lovesy, Herman Rauchfuss, H.
H. Hyde, J. P. Ivy, C. P. Dadant, O. E. Hershiser.

A motion was carried that the report be approved.

Dr. Miller asked that five minutes be given to the Texas
matter.

Judge Pascal, of San Antonio, was then introduced to

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

727

the convention, and in a somewhat lengthy speech invited
the convention to that place next year.

The meeting- then adjourned until Thursday morning.
(Coatinued next week.)

Contributed Articles

Prevention of Increase— Criticisms
plained.

Ex-

BY ADRIAN GETAZ.

I DON'T think any of my past contributions have received
as many comments as the one on page 407.

NORTH VERSUS SOUTH.

One first cause of misunderstanding is often the differ-
ence of "locality." In the Northern States, generally, the
honey-flovf (when there is any) opens suddenly, is very
heavy, comparatively, and lasts, without interruption, per-
haps about six weeks, as a general rule.

In the South, the conditions are altogether different.
There is no continuous honey-flow as in the North.

There is a long-drawn honey season, during which the
flow comes very irregularly — "by jerks," to use one of
Rambler's expressions. That is, a few days of tolerably
good flow, then a slack, then a week or two of flow, then,
perhaps, a totalinterruption, and so on throughout the whole
" honey season."

It is easy to understand that the methods of manage-
ment must necessarily be different in two sections of the
country. In the North it will do to build up the colonies as
rapidly as possible early in the spring, and then let the
brood-rearing diminish in order to increase the surplus.
But in the South we must not only build up early, but main-
tain the full strength of the colonies during several months.
This requires two conditions :

1. A large brood-nest, so the queen should be able to
lay at her full capacity. As to what constitutes a large
brood-nest, I found the size advised by the Dadants the
best — 10 Quinby frames.

2. No swarming, neither natural nor otherwise. The
honey-flow, or rather the "jerks" that constitutes our
honey season, are (except now and then) not strong enough
to furnish anything like a surplus and rebuild a brood-nest.
It is one or the other. Please bear in mind, that no swarm-
ing thus understood, means no increase, that it means keep-
ing the bees, brood and combs together throughout the
whole season. The mere issuing of the swarm is only a de-
tail, as the swarm can be returned.

REMOVING THE BROOD.

The prevention of swarming thus understood, is what
gave me the most trouble. I spent some five or six years in
experiments. One of those were mentioned in my contribu-
tion of June 25, and consisted in taking out all the brood,
putting it in another hive, and returning it after five or six
days (cutting out the queen-cells, of course.) I also stated
that the process was a success as far as swarming was con-
cerned, but was objectionable, chiefly, by requiring an extra
set of hives to hold the brood, and from the fact that the
bees, during these few days, worked too much in the brood-
nest and too little in the sections. One of my critics misun-
derstood me completely. He thought that by preventing
I meant simply preventing the issuing of the swarm, and
innocently remarked that the extra hives would be needed
for natural swarms anyway. But that is not what I was
after. What I wanted was, as stated in the beginning of
this article, prevention of increase ; keeping bees and brood
together.

As to the building of too much comb in the brood-nest
while the brood was out, another critic said I ought to
have put on a super from another hive where bees were al-
ready at work. That's all right as far as it goes. But as a
matter of fact, all the colonies thus treated were already
well at work in the sections.

MODERATE INCREASE.

Another plan is to take out a comb every week or so and
replace it with a comb of foundation. The combs taken

out can be used to form new colonies, or reinforce whatever
weak ones may be in the apiary. The object is to provide
room for the queen to lay. As long as there is plenty of
young brood to feed, the nurse-bees will not undertake to
rear queens.

The advisability of putting in a comb of foundation
rather than an all-ready-built comb has been questioned.
Let me say here, that I am writing exclusively from the
comb-honey producer's standpoint. For an extracted-honey
producer the problem is an easy one. All he has to do is to
give enough empty combs to accommodate the brood and all
honey brought in. If he gets in a pinch, he can extract
some of the combs already full.

But the comb-honey producer is confronted by entirely
different conditions. The empty combs are, by no means,
plentiful. I have but six now, and would not have a single
one if one of my colonies had not died last winter.

But a built comb will not do, anyway. Let us study
the " conditions." When the flow comes the brood-nest is
already full, or will be in a very few days. The secretion
of wax and the building of comb in the sections are not
started yet, so there is no room, or but very little, in the
sections to put the honey in. Yet it is coming all the day.
Having no other place the bees put it in the brood-nest as
fast as the matured brood emerges, and crowd the queen out.
Eventually, swarming follows if the apiarist does not rem-
edy that state of affairs.

Now, suppose we give an empty comb. There is only
one queen to lay eggs. There are thousands of bees ready
to fill that comb with honey, and they will doit.

But give a frame of foundation and the "conditions"
will be different. In the first place, it will take the bees
some time to draw the foundation. Then, as soon as the
cells are drawn, the queen can lay in them, while they can
not hold honey until they are about an eighth of an inch
longer. These two conditions enable the queen to follow
the workers and lay as fast as the cells are ready. Result :
a solid comb of brood.

Somebody said that a frame of foundation, or a fresh
comb, prevents the qneen from laying further, acting as a
division-board. There is nothing in it. Queens are con-
stantly passing from one comb to another, and when they
do stop at a fresh comb it is because they have all the room
they need on the side where they are.

One of the critics says that that plan involves too much
work, and he prefers " shaking" Perhaps it does; I don't
know. But, by the above plan, 2 or 3 combs are usually all
that it would be necessary to take out. That is less work
than shaking 8 or 10. It may be objected to, that these 2 or
3 combs are to be taken out at different times, and would
necessitate opening the hives 2 or 3 times instead of once.
That is true, but it is to be done at a lime of the year when
the hives have to be opened to see if the bees are ready for
the supers ; put on the first super, and later on the second.
So, after all, the plan can be carried out with but little extra
work.

" SHOOK " SWARMS.

Shall we " shook " or not ? No, in my opinion, not in
the South, and 1 believe not in the North, either. But don't
misunderstand me again, and think I am advising natural
swarming. I want to keep the bees, brood, and combs to-
gether. It has been said repeatedly, that by placing the old
hive near, or above the swarm, or by shaking a second time,
nearly all the bees can be secured in the swarm. But that's
not all. The brood-nest has to be rebuilt. Did those who
argue in favor of shaking, everstop to think that a brood-
nest of only 8 Langstroth frames contains enough wax to
fill 6+ sections ? Would not 6-^ full sections be preferable to
a new brood-nest, when the old one will do just as well ?

CAGING QUEENS.

After trying everything in sight, and almost everything
out of sight, so to speak, I came to the conclusion that cag-
ing the queens for 8 days, or requeening, are the only ways
really practical. Both methods have their advantages and
disadvantages. Requeening requires more work and more
attention. Besides, some queens fail to mate, or are lost
some way or other. On tlie other hand, a young queen will,
in some way that I can not understand, induce the bees to
carry the honey out of the brood-nest into the sections far
better than an old one.

In my locality there is (with proper management) but
little swarming, owing to cold spells of weather that come
now and then, even until the middle of May or later. Only
about 10 swarms out of every hundred colonies is the aver-
age percentage.

To manipulate 100 colonies in order to prevent 10 swarms

728

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHINAC.

Nov. 12, 1903.

would be too much work. Furthermore, the 90 colonies,
which would uot have swarmed, will do better if left undis-
turbed.

So I let them swarm, if they want to, and treat only
those that do swarm. Using- queen-traps, I have no chasing
of swarms to do (except in some occasional cases), and no
queens to hunt, since I get them in traps. But if I had a
large number of swarms to attend to, I would prefer caging,
by a long way, and do whatever requeening I might need
after the honey season. And if anything like a large por-
tion of ray colonies were to swarm, I would certainly fore-
stall them, and cage throughout the whole apiary at the
proper time to be effective.

There is a misprint in my contribution on page 407.
The last part of the second paragraph in the second column
should read : There must be a forced interruption of some
sort or other to destroy the swarming fever, or, rather,
queen-cell-building fever. Knox Co., Tenn.

I Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )

Coniiueted by E.mma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Tomatoes and Honey— Origin of Propolis.

I have recently discovered a new use for honey, and
hasten to place the recipe before the bee-keeping sisters :

Slice tomatoes, add a little honey to each slice. Try it
and report.

We are amateurs as yet in beedom, but have already
established some rules. One is, to be sure we have a plen-
tiful supply of honey for our own use before selling any.
Another is, that whoever gets a sting is entitled to an extra
pound of honey to eat. One member of the family fears
the bees, so does not go near them, and, consequently, does
not get stung ; but being a kind, sympathetic chap, offers
to share the sting by eating half the honey.

Query : Can you explain how the bees make propolis ?
and what from ? Alice M. House.

Oneida Co., N. Y.

They gather propolis from the gums to be found on the
buds and branches of many trees. They may also often be
seen collecting and packing upon their legs propolis that
they find about the apiary on old frames, etc.

Best Size of Hive for Women.

What size of hive is best for women, the 8 frame or the
10 frame ?

There are some advantages in having a large hive.
There is always abundance of room for stores, and you need
not worry about the bees starving in winter. That scores
one for the 10-frame, and one against the 8 frame hive, for
there is always a little danger if you have only 8 frames,
and a very prolific queen, that she may keep the frames so
filled with brood late in the season that the honey will be
mostly put into the sections, and when those are taken off
in the fall it may leave the colony short of stores ; so we
will have to admit that the Sframe hive will need careful
watching on this point.

Then in reference to swarming : There will certainly
be less tendency towards swarming with the lOframe than
with the 8-frame. That is the second item in favor of the
10-frame hive, and really those are the only two items that
I can think of in its favor and against the smaller hive.

But with proper management we can use 8 frame hives
without much trouble from starving or swarming, and they
are oh ! so much lighter and more pleasant to handle than
the heavier hives. Just in the matter of supers alone it
makes so much difference. Take, for instance, a super that
fits an 8frame hive holding 24 sections. When these sec-
tions are filled with honey, and the super also filled with
bees, it is about all the average woman cares to lift, espec-
ially if she has to lift them nearly, if not quite, all day
long. We will say that each colony will average 3 supers
apiece during the honey harvest. Every time you open a
colony those supers have to be lifted ofi' and then on again,
unless some of them are ready to come off for good — quite a

bit of lifting to do if you go through SO or more colonies in
a day.

Now, suppose we have to lift supers that fit a lO-frame
hive ; won't it be more than the average woman can do ? It
seems to me that this one item will bar out the 10-frame hive
as far as women are concerned.

There are other things to be considered, such as hauling-
bees to out-apiaries, carrying them into the cellar, etc. Of
course, it is possible to hire these things done, so I don't
think they count so much as the things that have to be done
every day.

Some one will say, " But you can have larger colonies
with 10-frames than with 8, and it is the large colonies that
give us the honey." It is true that the strong colonies give
us the honey, but can we not have just as strong colonies
with the smaller hives? "No," you say, " a good queen
will fill more than an 8-frame hive." Of course she will,
and for that matter more than a 10-frame hive, and if we
are to be limited to a single story the lO-frame hive will, in
many cases, be too small. But there is no law against
using two stories, and I have known an extra queen to fill
fairly well two stories of 8 frames each. That's for the
early part of the season, before the harvest, and for that
time 16 frames will, in many cases, be better than 10 frames,
or than 20 frames.

When the time of harvest comes, the queen will need
less room, and will get along very well with 8 frames. If
we are working for comb honey we want the honey to go
into the sections. We don't want the bees to have much
room to store in the brood-frames, and even if there were
no advantage in the lighter handling, it is likely we can get
more section honey by having only 8 frames during the
harvest.

For extracted honey the room needed can be gauged by
the number of stories given.

But it should be said that any one who is not willing to
give the proper attention, so that there shall be no danger
from starving, will do well to use the larger hive.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Oliio.

UNPROFITABLE COLONIES — BEE-HIVE EXPERIENCE.

Sister Morgan found a colony that has its duplicates in
many places — no good to anybody, but getting along them-
selves nicely left entirely alone. Temptation to call them
a worthless strain of bees ; but in most of these cases we
may presume the bees, queen included, just as good as the
average. Often they lack any really convenient place to
build, and that prevents any surplus. I remember how I
used to keep bees when I was in box-hive heathenism, and X
can almost wonder that they ever mounted to the tops of
my great empty boxes and commenced building there. Then
there's the too-big hive — full of comb, and with lots of sur-
plus honey in the comb nearly every fall ; but no one has
the enterprise to break in and get it. Page 617.

A BLIND BEE-SISTER'S CHEERFUL LETTER.

The letter of the blind bee-sister sounds in its very
cheerfulness and matter-of factness pathetic. Sitting there
under the trees and putting frame by frame and hive by
hive in order. Curious that the last two hives of a great lot,
supposedly all dead, proved to have bees enough in to be
salvable — and to make them into eight good colonies in one
season was famous work. Page 617.

CARNIOLANS AND ADELS.

Isn't it Carniolans instead of Italians that the Adels
were to start with. Dr. Miller ? Unselected bees brought
from Carniol.T. are of two different types, if I have the right
of it, although the two types are pretty thoroughly mixed.
There is the steel-gray type, and the type which is more or
less yellow-banded. Pretty much everybody decided for
the steel graj's, and worked to eliminate the stripes. Mr.
Alley, on the contrary, built up a real nice strain of striped
fellows. 'Spects he does'nt care whether you call 'em
Italians or not, so as you buy 'em. Page 619.

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

729

NO DANGEK YET FROJI THAT NEW SWKKT.

Saccharine was a reality, but it has not done all that
was anticipated for it a few years ag'o. So about this won-
derful South American plant, perchance. It's sweet can
hardly be a sugar (providing the tales told of it are any-
thing more than j-arns), and a sweet chemical not a sugar
at all would rather be a competitor of saccharine. Of course,
it ntiglit prove much cheaper, better flavored, and less open
to medical suspicion than saccharine. Hardly affect honey
much unless it is very delicious, indeed. Page 627.

MAX JENNEY WAS ALL RIGHT.

A railroad man that is not trying to be a Trappist monk
in the matter of spoken words, deserves the celebration you
give him. Honors to Max Jenney ! Even possible that if
the train had come to a sudden and unexpected stop he
would have told you why it was, if he could. Page 628.

•!■«£ "national" in CALIFORNIA'S ASSOCIATION.

The Californians got out nicely when blamed for the
" National " in the title of a local honey organization — in-
vitation to all similar organizations to couple on and made
it national. Page 630.

THE REAL FUN IN LIFE.

Big contract Prof. Cook blithely essays when he says,
" We have to convert the whole country." He also gets in
much of true philosophy, true Christianity, and true how to
be happy in this life when he says, "The real fun in life is
getting under a big load and raising it — under a great prob-
lem and then make it move." Page 630.

MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT ENDURE.

Noble sentence of Mr. Abbott's, anent increased profits,
decreased efforts — and renunciation of personal conscience.

"There are high moral principles that lived before
thdse things were, and they will live after these things are
gone."

Honey is indeed one of the last things to be forced up
artificially — or near enough that, that many sensible bee-
folks feel shaky. Still, I think we should preserve the old
maxim. Do not evil that good may come. When all things
have their sales combinations, and all go up, up. up, re-
sponsively and endlessly, some now and some next oppor-
tunity, it can only result in a general crash of some sort.
Earth, and not moon, is where we belong. The further we
get from terra-firma the more we put ourselves in the power
of even a gentle financial gale. Make way for the univer-
sal— power of some sort — that adjusts relatively all prices,
and says first of every product. What ought this to be sold
for? Bureau at Washington, I think — with power to en-
force. Page 630.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Swarttilng-Rearing Queens for Italianizing— Smoking
Bees.

1. Would it be a good plan to place a colony that had just sent
out a prime swarm in the place ot one that was about ready to swarm,
it I wish to keep down increase?

2. Would trapping off the drones make any considerable differ-
ence with the amount of surplus honey?

3. Should I attempt to rear Italian queens to change my stock at
home, or buy enough ! Can it be done with only one g ueen as a start <

4. What effect would a great deal of smoke have upon bees that
are very cross?

5. Would smoke enough make them docile? New Yohk.

Answers. —1. No; it will increase the swarming. When you put
a colony that has just swarmed in place of another about to swarm,
you will have a swarm just as soon as the first virgin is ready for
swarming, and the colony that you moved will probably be ready fur
swarming two or three weeks later.

■i. The drones, no doubt, eat a considerable amount, and trapping
them would make just so much more surplus. Vou would still be out
as much surplus as the amount ot honey necessary to rear the drone-
brood; so it would be better to allow little or no drone-comb in the
hive, and then you wouldn't need to kill off the drones.

3. Please make up your mind at the start that you can't change to

Italians and keep nothing else if other bees are all around you, even
if they're two miles away. Ves, with one queen as a start you can
manage very well, getting a new queen each year, If necessary.

4. I have seen them driven entirely out of the hive by too much
smoke.

5. No, it may make them give up for the time, but their disposi-
tions would remain the same. Some report that with certain kinds of
bees heavy smoking only makes them worse.

Producing; Section Honey Over Deep Frames.

You say in your book that comb honey can be produced over
Langstroth frames as successfully as over shallower frames. I have
only Dadant-Blatt brood-frames in my hives, and these frames are still
deeper than the Langstroth. I would like to produce over these
frames section honey as well. Is that possible J There Is room in my
hives for 13 brood-frames, but in reality only 0 are used, with 4 dum-
mies (3 on each side). Germany.

Answer. — I'm not sure. I do not now recall the exact depth of
the Dadant-Blatt frame, but I think you could produce section-honey
over them with fairly good success. But you can not successfully use
a super the full size of your hive unless the hive be tilled with frames,
for the bees will not do good work In sections at the sides over the
dummies. Your supers must be only large enough to cover the It
frames. If, however, you want to have the super the full size of the
hive, you might try having the four dummies between the frames In-
stead of at the sides, putting a dummy between the 2d and 3d frames,
another between the 4th and 5th, then between 6th and Tth, and be-
tween the 8th and ilth. You will Bnd that a dummy between the
frames will make less trouble than you might Imagine. It is barely
possible that conditions in Germany may make a difference, but I
hardly think so.

.*-.-#.

Questions on Bee-Management.

I am quite an enthusiast on the subject ot bees, and am trying to
learn all the different branches by detail. I carefully read all the text-
books— some things I don't understand, and if Dr. Miller will get his
" One Year Among the Bees " before him while I ask a few questions,
he will better comprehend my wants. Now, Doctor, turn to page 75,
line 3T (last line) —

1. In working this change do I understand that there is a queen
below and a honey-board between, or what keeps the queens apart?

2. Page 7H, line 36. Do you mean the parent or the young
swarm?

3. Page 7T, line 21. What is meant by incipient queen-cells in
this case?

4. Page 79, line 1. What is meant by a swarming colony in this
instance.

5. Page 79, lines 17-18. Is there anything between the nuclei and
colony below to prevent killing each other?

6. Page SI, line 2. Why did you give young brood if the queen
was there?

7. Page 81, line 18. Placed frames, bees and all in a hive— what
is to prevent killing in this case?

8. Page 81, line 24. What is meant by spreading the brood of
these young colonies? What do you mean by saying also, on lines 25
and 26, they can be made to rear brood faster than if lejl to themsehiei f

9. Give the appearance of brood up to the time it becomes too old
for queen-rearing.

10. Page 83, line 12. What paraphernalia for filling combs?

11. Page 86, line 3. When you unite two or more weak colonies
in the fall, do they fight and kill each other, and what do you do with
the queens?

12. In breaking up nuclei, generally in the fall, what is done with
the queens?

13. Is it best to kill the escort bees In introducing queens, or will
they interfere with the success in anyway i

14. Don't some colonies leave old queen-cells that have been once
used, on their combs, or should all trace of them be removed after
using them — by the bees?

15. What is meant by a single bee running around on the entrance-
board, shaking itself, aod cutting upas if for amusement of other bees;

16. Describe how a Porter bee-escape should be made— dimensions
ot material, etc., as mine, made the only way I could think of, failed.

17. It is frequently that when a colony swarms it is placed near
the parent hive, and in six or eight days the latter is removed to a new
stand and the young swarm occupies the old stand. Why not move
the old colony away as soon as hived '. Why wait six or eight days?

IS. I have a colony In good condition every way, with an Italian
queen, lately Introduced, in which I see the bees are dragging out
voung brood, mostly drone-brood, I think, but some worker-brood.
They have been fed, and have plenty of honey.

19. I am anxious to rear all the queens I can from 5 colonies I
have Italianized with queens; these 5 colonies will be 100 yards at
right angles from the main apiary, with some large trees and dwelling-
house between them, with the natural fiight of the apiary drones due
east, and the 5 hives of Italian bees facing south. Will these 5 colo-
nies of Italians furnish drones pure to niale with the young queens?
and will the young queens be pure-blood if they mate with the drones
ot these Italian colonies?

20. In having two or more after-swarms in one hive, does either
swarm ever come out with its (iueen and desert the others, or would
they all go if any went?

21. I read of bee-men who speak of adding or changing supers on
hives with bees and all. What prevents fighting?

Now, Doctor, this may seem quite a long list ot questions to be

730

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

asked, but you invite the subscribers of the American Bee .Journal to
ask, and I have accepted the invitation. I am just crazy to learn all
I can about bees, and am taking up the work one subject at a time,
and am now on queen-rearing and mtruducing. Mississippi.

Answers. — Allow me to premise that the book, " A Year Among
the Bees," was written by a man who didn't know all about bees, and
1 wouldn't approve all the things he recommends. Between you and
me, I don't count that an up-to-date book. Another book, "Forty
Years Among the Bees,'' is not quite so bad.

1. In the case you ask about, the author is telling that he keeps the
hive containing his breeding queen on top of another hive, or over the
super of another colony, moving it occasionally to a new place, thus
weakening it by making it lose its flying force at each change. Of
course, there must be no connection between the upper and lower
hives whatever; the bottom-board of the upper hive stands on the
cover of the lower hive. Instead of that plan, I prefer to keep my
best queen in a nucleus standing permanently in its own place, draw-
ing.from it brood and bees if at any time it gets too strong.

3. A colony has swarmed, and the queen being clipped the swarm
has returned. The queen is taken away from this colony, as well as all
of its eggs and unsealed brood, so it will start queen-cells from the
eggs or brood given.

8. Incipient queen-cells are those that are started but not very far
advanced, as when started only a day or two.

4. The bees of a swarming colony are recommended as being good
bees from which to start nuclei, because they will stay where they are
put. A swarming colony is any colony in the humor of swarming,
and in the jiresent instance more particularly one that has swarmed
and returned, because of having a clipped queen.

5. Yes, if a nucleus is set on top of another colony, the nucleus
has its own bottom-board, so there is no communication with the hive
below.

6. It is a common and a good practice to give a frame of young
brood to a colony or a nucleus having a virgin queen. This helps to
keep up the strength of the nucleus; it is supposed to have a stimula-
ting effect in starting the young queen to laying, and, if one linds no
queen-cells started on this young brood on a future visit, one can feel
pretty sure the queen is still there.

7. When the frame of brood on which a queen is found is taken
with its adhering bees from a nucleus and given to a iiueenless colony,
the chances for friendly reception are better than it the queen were
given alone, because the queen is not disturbed as when caught, and
consequently does not act in a frightened manner; moreover, she is
surrounded by a strong guard of her own bees to protect her.

8. By spreading brood is meant moving two frames of brood apart
and putting between them a comb containing no eggs or brood. The
queen will lay in this inserted comb very promptly, and thus the colo-
nies will rear brood faster than it left to themselves— that is, faster
than they would if the brood had not.. been spread. This refers to

building up nuclei into full colonies in hot weather, when there is no
danger of chilling the brood by spreading it.

0. It appears just the same as it does immediately after becoming
too old, only it is smaller. You can learn about the size of brood
by taking eggs that you know were laid on a certain date, and then
watching their size at different stages. A larva is too old for queen-
rearing after three days old, and it is probably a good deal better
when only a day or two old, for I Und that when allowed their choice
bees select for queen-rearing larva; only a day or two old. The safe
way is to use the smallest larva' you can find.

10. The paraphernalia described in spring management at
page 33. But it is a mussy job to till combs with syrup for feeding,
and I'd much rather have a Miller feeder.

11. Turn to page S3, and you will see that one of the queens is re-
moved two or three days before uniting. Generally, there is no fight-
ing.

12. Generally part of the nuclei are queenless, so there are no
queens to dispose of.

13. I don't know. It is more convenient to leave the escort bees
with a queen, but it may be safer to have them out of the way. Then
there is the remote chance of introducing foul brood by means of the
escort bees.

11. In any hive, where queens have been reared, you are likely to
find the remains of queen-cells — called cell-cups — perhaps a quarter of
an inch deep.

15. I don't known.

16. I don't think I could give instruction suffloiently clear to en-
able you to make a Porter escape, and if you had the instruction it
would be cheaper for you to buy one. Besides, you might be prose-
cuted for making and using a patented article.

17. In about 8 days after the first swarm, under ordinary circum-
stances, a second swarm may issue with a young queen. It the hive
is moved a day or two before this, the colony is depleted of its field-
bees (which go to the old stand and join the swarm), and is so weak-
ened and discouraged thereby that the superlluous young queens are
killed, and furtfier swarming is given up. If the old colony were
moved as soon as hived, it would be getting stronger every day, and
on the eighth day would be strong enough to swarm.

18. It is a common thing for bees to destroy both the drones and
the drone-brood when they no longer feel the need of drones, espec-
ially if there is a let-up in the honey-harvest.

1!1. A single colony will furnish enough drones for a whole apiary,
and young queens from pure mothers mating with pure drones will be
pure, but no matter how your colonies are placed you can not be sure
that your young queens will not mate with drones from colonies a mile
or more away.

30. They would not be likely to separate again.

21. Nothing — no need to prevent it. Put a super with its bees on a
strange hive during the harvest, and you'll find there is no inclination
to fighting.

A GREAT SLASH IN RATES, l

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C

FROM MANY FIELDS

From One of Oup Old Friends.

I judge there are not many that read
the American Bee- Journal now that
read it in the days of its infancy, when
it was published by Mr. Wagner, in
Washingion, D. C, in the days " Nov-
ice "used to give his experiences in
it, and the first thing I looked for was
what "Novice" had to say, for I was
in the same boat, trying to winter bees
in the house by supplying such feed as
I thought they needed. Those days
are long since past, but not forgotten ;
neither are many of the men that fig-
ured in those days in the bee-world. A
few of them still survive, for I see their
names occasionally. But a majority
of them have passed over — to the Better
Land, I hope. For two things the
good Ivord permits me yet to have
love — for him and for his creatures —
bees among the rest.

W. S. Van Meter.

Neosho Co., Kans.

A Season of Failupe— Plants.

Our honey crop here is like a man
hunting God's country, it is always a
mile (year) ahead.

We had three good flows this year.
The first was ruined by cold, dry
weather, the second by cold, wet
weather, and the third by a severe
drouth. The bees are in bad shape

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

731

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for winter : unless they gather some
from bitterweed, our winter loss will
be heavy. My crop, this year, was
about one-third. I saved 9 swarms and
lost one that I know of. I don't know
whether I shall feed much or not ; I
have had so many failures and disap-
pointments that I don't care much if
some do die.

Mr. Davenport is welcome to all the
black bees in America. For my part,
give me Italians all the time. The
blacks work all right if honey is plenti-
ful, but they nearly always go into
winter quarters very light here.

I will send you 3 weeds, and would
be glad if Prof. Walton will tell their
names. The yellow is called bitter-
weed, and grows from 1 to 2 feet high ;
the white from 3 to 4 feet high ; and
the other from 6 to 7 feet high. Bees
do not work on them all, but work on the
white a little, and a good deal on the
yellow, J. S. PaTTOn.

Hale Co., Ala., Oct. 5.

[" Bitterweed " is surely an appro-
priate name for the yellow flower, as
the head usually contains a bitter and
aromatic juice, but it is known to bot-

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one year — both for S2,00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3,00,

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 14« Erie Street,

CHICAIiO. ILL.

END YOUR NAME/

DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER

Don'l

s

V*iease *T,ontion Bee Journal -when ■wxiLiiig,

Order your HIVES until
you gel our prices. We are
makiQg tbe Dovetailed Hive

from Michlean Whiie fine
—the best piae on earth. 10
percent discount from now until Dec. 1.

THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal,

Sections, SHipDinQ-Gases,
fioney-Gans,

And everythiuff necessary for the bef»-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Cataloe free,

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E, Washinetoo St„
4<)Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND,

'*^ea.<=;e mention B*=*^ .Tonrn.',i -whon T^~'Tin(T

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Jodrnal who seek a col-
3 lege for themselves or friends to inves-
S tigate

Mount>UnlonCoii6Q6

Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum efficiency at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, onr reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co-
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior. ^

Sead for catalog.
jA MOUNT VNION COLiIjEGE,

69 Alliance^ Ohio.

B

INGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

2SAtf T. F. BINQHAM. Parweli, Mich.

f^ease ntentlcn Bee Joumax wnen 'wntui^

732

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

anists as Helenium autumnale, or
sneezeweed.

The white flower is tall thorough-
wort, Eupatorium altissimum, and
closely resembles the boneset.

The third flower is a wormwood —
Artemisia caudata. — C. L. Walton.]

A Long Swarming Season.

Some 30 years ago I kept a few bees.
After moving to the city I had none
until 3 years ago, when, about the first
of July, I caught a stray swarm on a
theater sign. I had increased them last
spring to 5 colonies. They commenced
to swarm about the first of May, and
kept at it until Sept. 1, when the last
swarm of the season, a very large one,
came out. On Aug. 26, I had two out,
both very large.

I have taken oif only 24 small sec-
tions of honey from the whole lot. I
doubled up, and returned to their old
hives enough so I only increased from
5 to 16 colonies, which I now have.
Several colonies have not enough to
winter on, and I am feeding them
sugar syrup.

If I had hived each swarm that came
out I would now have 23 colonies.

This knocks all my former experi-
ences endwise. Of course, there is no
money in such business.

I would like to know if any other
subscriber for the Bee Journal has ever
had such an experience. Can it be be-
cause of my surroundings, or because
of peculiarities of the season ?

Henry A. Stone.

Kings Co., N. Y., Oct. 10.

A Report— Paralysis— Cpossing Bees.

From 56 colonies, spring count, I in-
creased to 81, and took off 1200 pounds
of comb honey and 300 pounds of ex-
tracted. My bees took the second
swarming fit the last of August, and
continued up to Sept. 10. I put most
of them back, but it cut down my
honey crop.

The first part of this season was very
wet and cold, and it was June 20 before
any of the bees worked in the supers.
The white sumac was good, but the
basswood was cut short by cold, wet
weather ; there were three days when
it was too cold for bees to fly.

I had 2 colonies that had paralysis ;
they would throw out 'i pint of bee.s
every night, and through the day the
ground in front of the hives would be
covered with live bees. They both
swarmed, and I hived the swarms on
full combs. One of them never showed
any signs of disease after that, and the
parent colonies were soon rid of the
disease, but one of the swarms still con-
tinued to have the disease ; they were
so reduced by the middle of September
that I gave them the sulphur cure, by
closing the entrance almost tight and
then putting a handful of sulphur in
the lighted smoker. I think a wet sea-
son causes more paralysis than a dry
one. I have tried the sulphur cure, as
Mr. Poppleton directs, and thought I
had them cured, but the next spring it
would make its appearance again.

I notice by the American Bee Jour-
nal that Mr. Frank Benton says that a
cross between the Carniolan and the
Italian or Cyprian are the best honey-
gatherers. I agree with him. I had a

5 Percent Discount During November!

List, and order now. Take advantae'e of this discouc

JXJST rraiisric of it !

Have your goods on

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.

Back of OurTelephone Guaranty

is the largest and oldest independent telephone

manufacturing company in the world. That's why our

guaranteeisdifferent, safer— why our telephonesare better and

give bettor satisfaction than any other. Don't be misled by "free

rial" olTers — most any telephone will c;lve good service for a few days.

Stromberg - Carlson Telephones

are made for both service and .satisfaction. They may cost a trille more at the

start, but considerably less in the end— it's the test of time that tells of their

economy and real value. Our VX page telephone book for the man who wants to

know «?; will bp sent for five 2-cent stamps, or our bonk F- 4, "Telephone Facts for

Farmers," is sent free upon request. Address nearest otfice.

Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg. Co., Rochester, M. Y. and Chicago, III,

*^ease mention liee Journal ■wnen "wntme.

I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION

£9 This foundation is made by a process that prodnces the superior of any. It is the

(9 cleanest and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most trans-

ip parent, because it has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more

0 sheets to the pound than any other make.

0 WorkiDg wa.x imto Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Bees-

^2 M^ax al^f^ays M^anted at hi^tie^t price.

6 Catalog giving FULL* LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on ap-

§ plication.

j2 E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.,

tL Sole Agents for Canada. %

t^ease mention Beo Journal "when "writina

GIS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

WaSN'T ST LUCKY THAT

tlH-iuiianay auto at Zanesvillc, O., fair, ran into
Pa^n Ffti.i-? It hatl ahvady coiuit.-d ovt-r a score ot
killfd or injured l.ef.ire it struck tlie fence.
rAUK WOVi N WIKK FiNCK CO., Adrian. Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal ■when writine

Jj >ti >li >te. iti sti jte >ti >tt >Ji >te. ik >te tt

Bee - Supplies !

Root's nnort.s at, Root'.s Frines

Everythiatf used by Bpe-keepers.
POUDER-S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S. POUDER.

512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

I!

%

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the first $5 you
take in to start you in a ^ood paying busi-
less. Send 10 cents (or full line of eamplea
ind directions how to begin.

DRAPER PUBLISHINO CO.. Cbicaso, Ills.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with clotb
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It 1*
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further blndinir is neces-
sary.

QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 145 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

QSSSSSSSQSQSSSQSQSSSSSSSSSQSSSSSQaOSSQQ!

iSSQQSQQO

p Let me SELL or BUY your

i HONEY

0 If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Ciacinnati.

I ♦^ IF IN NEED ^

■2 State quauLity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash
S basis, in buyiog- or selling^.

g Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods
S at their factory prices. SEEDS of Houey-plaats. S

i C. H. W. WEBER LTrT/u'^S""^-"^"^° |

g 2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO. g

Please mention Bee Journal wnen wntrng

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

733

Something oSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.

We think all ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, inileed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is gone. He sometimes tills the grave of a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on her own resources? In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity? In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submits A THOUS.VNI) TIMKS, NO! Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
asa helpless " know-nothing,'' but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy of THE NEW LONDON'
LiADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the United States
and Canada Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON T.AILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at .^5.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .Journal for sending us two new subscribers at -Sl.OO each ; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee .Journal, both for g;l. "5; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

M4 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

Carniolari that, after swarming-, the
young- queen mated with an Italian,
and it tilled 5 supers every year for 3
years. I have 1 colony of Italians now,
but I can not call them pure, that is 10
years old, and has never swarmed, and
never stored less than from 50 to 100
pounds of surplus honey every year. I
reared a queen from her, and it was the
first to swarm the next year.

G. W. Bell.
Clearfield Co., Pa., Oct. 19.

Past Season Beats all Records.

As the honey season is closed I can
make my report. The past season has
beaten all records for several years
past, for honey and swarms. All the
methods taught by bee-men to prevent
swarming have failed ; at the same
time the bees stored a nice lot of fine
honey. I started the season with 30
good colonies, which increased to 55,
and produced over 3000 pounds of comb
honey. The most of my new colonies
are made up of 2 and 3 swarms, and
all are almost too heavy, at this date,
for one man to handle.

I want to put on record the perfor-
mance of 3 colonies belonging to a
friend of mine living 3'; miles dis-
tant. These 3 colonies produced 33
full supers of 24 sections each, being
an average of 264 pounds to a colony,
in 8 frame hives. This beats all re-
cords for this part of the country,
unless it might be that Dr. Gallup, who
kept bees in this county a good many
years ago, did better with his large
hives. The owner of these bees, Mr.
Fred Zilk, is a young farmer, who, be-
sides managing a large farm, keeps
about 20 colonies of bees, and takes
care of them, notwithstanding, until
the present time, he never subscribed
for a bee-paper.

The hardest problem to solve now is,
what to do with so many bees. Our
honey has sold readily in the home
market, but the bees we cannot sell at
any price, and 30 colonies are all that
I want to keep. A. F. Foots.

Mitchell Co., Iowa, Oct. 22.

4-Inch Screw-Caps for Cans.

By all means let us have those 4-
inch screw-caps, and also a good
wrench to remove them.

Wm. Russell.

Hennepin Co., Minn.

A Lonesome Bee-Keeper.

The Bee Journal came to hand as
promptly as usual ; glad to see it, too.
I did not find any answer to my ques-
tions yet, but did find Dr. Miller's hum-
ble apology, and it was accepted.

I found the cause of that peculiar
odor, and am glad to say it was not
foul brood, or any other of the many
dreadful things I imagined, but pure
and simple goldenrod or wild aster, or
both.

I visited an apiary near Atlanta last
week and found the same odor, but
much stronger on account of larger
number of hives in one place.

Commission merchants at Atlanta
offered me 12'. to 13 cents for pound
sections, and I felt very sorry I had 4
colonies instead of 400.

In reading the Bee Journal last night
I got badly shocked, so much so that
my heart went like a trip-hammer; it

734

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

■was all about a "a sisterly suggestion
to a brother." I don't know whether
the Bee Journal is running a matri-
monial department or not. but I think
it would be a good thing if it did. I
am another one of that unlucky tribe
of bachelors, and have to look after
housework, breadmaking, bees and all,
and I am getting almost sick of it, so
Mrs. Henry's sly suggestion hit me
rather hard. This state of single
blessedness does not suit me any better
than the bees. If you can help us out
I'll let you dance at the wedding.

C. H. KoKNTz.
Cleburne Co., Ala., Oct. 24.

Perhaps a Mustard—Poor Yield.

I send some seed-pods of a weed that
grows by the roadside about 3 miles
from my place ; it grows about 3 or 4
feet high, much branched, and has yel-
low flowers. It is about out of bloom
now, so I cannot send a good specimen
of the flower. I have seen a few bees
working on it, but I am not certain
whether for honey or pollen.

1. What is the name of this weed ?

2. Is it a good honey-plant ?

3. If so, is the honey light or dark ?

4. Would my bees be likely to get
benefit from it, being 3 miles away ?

We have had a poor yield of honey
in this locality this year ; too cold and
windy during fruit-bloom, and too wet
all through May, so that the colonies
did not get strong enough to put up
any surplus honey from the first crop
of alfalfa bloom, and the second and
third crops were ruined by the web-
worms, so that all the surplus I have
is from the fall flowers, mostly hearts-
ease, and not very much of that, only
about 20 pounds per colony, in sec-
tions.

There are not many bees kept in this
neighborhood ; I have only 7 colonies ;
lam a beginner at the business, this be-
ing my second season.

E. S. Webster.

Reno Co., Kansas, Oct. 20.

[I believe the plant in question be-
longs to the Mustard family, and it is
one that has been recently introduced
from the old country. It goes by the
nameof Neslia. I know nothing about
its honey-producing quality, but do not
think it of much value, and, besides,
three miles is a long distance for bees
. to go after nectar. — C. Iv. Walton.]

A Report— Queer Notions.

L(ast winter I had to feed my bees,
and last spring I started with 18 colo-
nies, which increased to 35, and gath-
ered 1000 pounds of comb honey, all
white clover. I sold it early, and aver-
aged a little over 10 cents per pound.

This fall I have fed them 200 pounds
of the best granulated sugar. I use the
entrance feeders.

I like to take care of bees, the only
trouble being that when they sting me
they swell so.

I heard the other day that a number
of farmers, living 6 and 7 miles north
of here, and keeping from 2 to 12 colo-
nies, have an idea that I have a pecu-
liarly large strain of bees, twice the
size of theirs, and very fierce; also
that they fly away up there and rob

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BT

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

0. C. Miller. — This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 113 beautiful original
halt-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called '' A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail Just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, $1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientitic. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. '295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, f 1.20.

Lang-stroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

ABC of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Priee, 81.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by whiuh the very best of tjueen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book ;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called " Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 35 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 35 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

their bees and carry home honey, bees
and all.

My intention is to increase to 200 col-
onies. V. A. Hanson.

Polk Co., Wis., Oct. 25.

A New Bee-Keeper's Song —

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey '

Words by EUQENB SECOR.

iMusic by aEORQE W. YORK.

This song- was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
iu the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
in advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

GEORQE W. YORK & CO.

M' * 14/1 Erie St.. - CHICAGO, ILI*

XS" The man who thinks, grows. Head-
work is as essential to hand-work as it is to
brain-work. No man's business or profession
can ri,se higher than the thought he puts into
it. Being up-to-date is good, but the man
who thinks ahead of his competitors, gets the
cream of the trade every time. — Jed Scarboro,
in Printers' Ink.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

\ 10 meet those who work for oa. Cow keepera aU aye
I have money. We ntart yoo In bualnesa. Yon maka
I Urge profits. Easy work. We fomiab capital. Send
T 10 cents for fnll line of esmpleasnd partlcolare.

DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO.. Chlcato, Ills,
fleasd mention Bee Journal "when wrltlns

The Nickel Plate Road

will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving Day. Return limit Nov.
30, 1903. Three through trains daily
to Ft. Wayne, Cleveland, Erie. Buffalo,
New York, Boston and New England
points, carrying vestibuled sleeping-
cars. No excess fare charged on any
train on Nickel Plate Road. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 35c to $1.00 ; also a la carte. Chi-
cago City Ticket Offices, 111 Adams
St., and Auditorium Annex. 'Phone
Central 2057. Depot, La Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABKLLE.HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover— gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver. "1 Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

Nov. 12, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

735

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Chicago-Northwestern.— The regular annual
meetitiK' of the Chicag^o-Norihwestern Bee-
Keepers' Associatioa will be held in the Revere
House ClubRoora^ southeast corner of North
Clark and Michigan Sis., on Wednesdav and
Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3, 1''03. The Revere
House has made a rate of 75 cedij per person
per niifht for lodg-lufr* when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on the Amei icau plan at $2
per day. Owinif to the Revere House furnishing
FKKE a place tor huldiogr our meeting, we feel
that all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention. Dr. C.C.Miller, Er-
nest R. Rot-t, W. Z. Hutchinson, Emersun T.
Abbott, N. E. France, Inspector J. Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signified
their intention to b^ present. F'in this in ycur
hat. There will be one of the best meetings
ever held in Chicago. Everybodv come.

Herman F. Moore, Sec.

Gborgb W. York, Pres.

P. S.— It has been suggested that tee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.

Colorado. The 24th annual meeting of the
Colorado Stale Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Hull, I>eu-
Tcr, Colo.. I\ov. 23, 24 and 25, 1-^03. An unusu-
ally fine program has been prepared. One of
the features will be a displav ot hives, supers
and frames manufactured in Colorado, fhs
attendance of all Colorado bee-keepars is earn-
estly solicited. Write for program to

Bonlder, Colo. H. C. Morehouse, Sec.

MinnesotB.— The Minnesota Bee Keepers' As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis. Minn , Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and 3, at the First Unitarian Church, on the
corner of 8ib St. and Mary Place < midway be-
tween Hennepin and Nicollet A ves.) Go in on
the Mary Place side. Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when yc u purchase
tickets, and those living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one-third fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those living in Wisconsin, luwa,
and the Dakotas. Dr. I,. D. Leonard, Sec.

Wm. Russell, Pres.

Missouri.— The Missouri State Fee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec. IS,
1903. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the ball, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in lees and honey. Let
OS have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer-
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
you can return for '3 fare.

W. F. Gary, Sec. J. W. Rouse, Pres.

Illinois.— The Illinois State Bee- Keepers' As-
sociation will meet at the State House, on Tues-
day and Wednesday, Nov. 17 and 18, 1903. It
has been so arranged that all who become
members of the Stale Association on payment
of an annual fee of $1.00 membership, will for
the same be made a member of the National
Association, and be entitled to all the combined
reports of the State and Chicago-Northwestern
Associations. Efforts will be made at our
coming meeting to give also a membership in
the Chicago-Northwestern for the same $L00
fee, providing it can be so arranged.

Railroad fare has been promised on all the
roads in the Central Division of one fare for the
round trip.and a fare and a third on theotheis;
but we still hope for one fare on the latter.

Jas. a. Stone, Sec.

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

Handy Low-Down Wagons. — This is the sea-
son of the year, in the corn growing sections,
when the man with the low wagon has the ad-
vantage of his neighbor who uses the high
wheel. <toe has only to drive through the
country and witness the loading of fodder to be
forcibly impressed with the labor that's saved
in one field, and the energy that's needlessly
wasted in the next. Another fact is equally
patent, and that is, that there has been a re-
markable increase in the number of the low-
wheeled wagons in recent vears. The low
wheel has the better of the argument for all
farm work. This has been proclaimed time
and again as the result of competitive draft-
tests, and is abundantly proven from the stand-
point of convenience every day by the great
army of users.

The Electric Wheel Company, of Quincy, 111.,
has perhaps done more than any other institu-
tion to popularize the low-wheel and Handy
Wagon. Their '-Electric" Steel Wheel is the
kind that is made to last. An item that has
multiplied the number they are constantly

sending out, is that I hey are made to fit the
skein of any make of wagon. The wheels be-
ing the first to give away in the wooden-felloe
high-wheel style of wagon, a great many farm-
er^ take advantage of this fact, and procuring
the *' Electric '■ wheels, convert their old wag-
ons into Haudy Wagons. In most cases the
running-gears are good, and with little expense
Ihey secure a wagon as good as new, with all
the convenienccTi which the use of the low-down
Handy Wagon carries with it. If any reader
of this find his old high wheels giving away,
he will do well to send to the above Company
for their catalog, and learn what their low steel
wheel will do in the way of giving him practi-
cally a new wagon at but very slight cost. It
must not be forgotten that the Company makes
the Handy Wagon complete where parties de-

20,000 Pounds

White Alfalfa Honey for sale. Address
IIK..GE0. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogdeo, Utah.
4(>Atf Please mention the Bee Jo-irnal.

WANTED, COMB HONEY— We havean unlim-
ited demand at theri^ht price. Address, giving-
quantity, averag-e weight per case, quality and
price, properly crated, and delivered to your
depot THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

Manzanola, Colo., or F.aihmeld, III.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS

for T---

200.000

Poor People

will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army throughout
the U. S. Will you
help by sending
a donation, no
matter hovtr Small
to the

Salvation
Army

CHICAGO

Headquarters

399 State Street

Chicago, 111.

HATCHINQ THE EARLY BIRD.

It is coming to be more the case with each
succeeding year, that the cream of poultry pro-
iit is obtained by hatching, raising and sending
to market the chickens that have come to be
comercially known as " broilers." This term
includes, in a general way, birds that weigh
from 1 to 2\i pounds at an age of from two to
lour months. Of course, the highest prices
are obtained during the early part of the season,
say from March to May. For this reason fully
'>0 percent of poultrymen use the incuuator ex-
clusively, as it eaables them to regulate the
season and number of the hatch with entire in-
dependence of the hen, which need only furnish
the eggs.

In the matter of incubators, they have been
brought to a point where they actually beat the
hen at her old game. Manufacturers have
closely studied the natural laws of incubation,
ana followed them minutely. In the machines
made by George H. Stahl, of Quincv, 111.,
known as the Excelsior and the "Wooden
Hen," every problem of heat, moisture and
ventilation has been solved, and it is said thev
will hatch a greater percentage of hatchabie
eggs than the mother hen herself under ordi-
nary conditions. Five minutes' daily attention
when in opermion is all they require. Everv
one interested in poultry should write George
H. Stahl, Quincy, 111., for his free catalog of
Incubators and Poultry Appliances. It is worth
having.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

We furnlnh ca[<iUU toii-ftrt v^d in boaW
M. Send b« lOc «ULa]p(i or ■liver for fall ln«truct1ont and ft Iid« ot

mplMiowork With. DRAPER PUBLISHING C0..CWca20,m.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

.M A K K KT (>I 1 IT ATIONS

Chicago, Nov. 7.— The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give accurate figures. Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower. Extracted, white, brings ti<S>'iic, ac-
cording to kind, flavor and package; amber,
S^@(iHc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Alhanv, N. Y., Nov. 7.— Honey demand and
price keeps up remarkably well yet. Fancy
white, Itc: A No. 1, white. 15c; No. 1, 145i(S)lSc;
mixed, 13i./".14c; buckwheat, i3'4(ail4c. Ex-
tracted, dark, 6>ic; mixed, 6«@7c; white,
7®7}<c; but not as active as comb. Beeswax,
30c. H.R.Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 7— The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from ?%(^^5^c; in cans about J4 cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@61« cents; white clover,
6^i@7^c. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Fancy water-
white, 14M15C .Beeswax in goo3 demand, at 30c
delivered here. c. H. W. Weber.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demand'for
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi e comb, 14,'aiS;: A No. 1. 13S<
@14c; No. 1, I3@13!.^c; No. 2, 12®12Hc; No. 3,
ll®12c; No. 1 dark comb, 1113120; No. 2, 10@Uc.
Whjte extracted, 6>^'3)7c: amber, 6;S6W£:; dark,
5K(3'6c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Oct.^S.— Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c; glass-front rases
fancy white, at 16c; No. 2, at 14c. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6H@7>ic, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, pjr case. $3.00; No. 1,
white and amber, t2.75; No. 2, $2.50. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, 25@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
5K@6!^c: white clover, 6H@7Mc. Fancy comb
honey, 15c. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at IS
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@l4c for No.
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet
and prices are hardly established. '

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 28(a;2''c per pound.

Hildketh & Segelken.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-Ib.
frames, ISCniH cents; amber. 9(a>llc. Extracted
white, SiivvbHc; light amber, S(a5«c; amber.
4^®5c; dark amber, 4(S4Stc. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27>i@2<>c; dark, 25@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the only kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyerf. Re.
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

WANTED I'^'^c^^^B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantitv lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state tjuantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

736

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 12, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. It you buy of us yon
•wHl not be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK; In its
thirteenth y ear ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog- prices.
Order of him aud save the freight.

• ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ▼▼▼▼>

please mentioL Bee Joumai -wtien 'writing,

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of g-oods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog.

M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich,
please mentiou Bee j oumal vriien 'wntine:

$300,000,000J)0 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you wi>rk
for UB. Unele Sam's poultry product pays
that fluiD. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ulars. We furnish capital to start you in
boBlness. Draper PiiblisliliisCo.,Chlc«xo,IU.

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Hooey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at *4 00 per gros-. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62 Cortlandt St , NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Paw Paw Seed

for fall planting. Package 10 cents; three for
aquarter. Send silver, at our risk. Beautiful
trees; delicious fruit.

Rocky Beach Orphanage,

46Alt Lansini, Mich.

Reduced Prices,

B3?" Good for the balance of this season only.

As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as pos-
sible, I will sell Queens at the following low
prices, until ray present supply is exhausted.

Untested Queens, 60c each; 6 or more, 50c
each. Select Untested, 75c each; 6 or more, 60c
each. Tested, $1.00 each. Select tested, $1,50.

Safe arrival and satisfaction g-uaranteed.
Queens sent by return mail unless otherwise
directed.

J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ku.

45Atf Pendleton Co.

xia,js^vs,je,.^!,3e,jfi,ys,.3e,.^s,jfi,.ig^is,^^

26tll
Year

Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

Wp Criiarflnffe ^af i«fjirf inn what more can anybody do? beauty,
YVC J^UdrdllLCC C7<lLIM<tCILIUIl. purity. FIRMNESS, No SAaoiNQ,
No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

Why

rinfe ii" 6<^ll en \X7*»1IV Because it has always given better satis-
UUCa 11, sell SU WClir faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies

OF ALL -^/^

KINDS ••*.» ^K,^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LanQstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Jotimal wlien tnitlng.

BEST

Exiractefl Honey For §ai6 !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey J?<C

This is the famou'-
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares lu
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey ^

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can m8c $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) «(7>^c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7Kc price )

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can (« 9c $5.40

Two 60-lb.Cans(inlbox) wSc 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEKSWAX WANTED— We are paying 2S cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY-JARS— Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144- East Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention— Dec. 3 and 3, 1903

Dee Journal

PubUshed Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 144 & 146 E, Erie Street,

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., NOV. 19, 1903.

No. 47.

738

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

PUBLISHED WE'IKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

I44&146E. ErieSt., Ghicaoo, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Cr.C.C.Millbr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wii-son

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rifirbts.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

ANNUAL Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, Sao Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. Doolittle, Corodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I?t

J3g^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for Wc;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the Americaa Bee Journal.

Some ooofl GiuDDino oners.

As this is the time of year when most subscribers renew their subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention to the following, wliich we are sure will
commend themselves to all :

w« ■• The Bee Journal and Dr. Miller's " Forty Years

'~^' * Among the Bees" (book alone, $1.00) Both for $1.75

IM- ty The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-

nU. Z er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

j^p. 'X The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's "Langstroth

nU. J on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, SI.2O) " 2.O0

w- A The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's "Scientific

nU.* Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00) " 1.75

i^~ r The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's " Scientific

nU. J Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c) " 1. 50

tj-. /: Bee Journal a year and Standard Untested Italian

liU. O Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 75c) " 1. 50

iu„ fj The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"

'''-'• ' with your name and address on it (knife alone, fl.2S) " 2.O0

iM_ o The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder," for

nU. O holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) " 1. 00

j^f. Q The Bee Journal a year and an " Emerson Binder,"

nU. V (stiff board) (binder alone, 60c) " 1.40

iu„ -if\ The Bee Journal a year and a Monette "Queen-Clip-

l\\). l\J ping Device," (device alone, 25c) " 1. 00

ju- ■«•( The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

llU. 11 Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc) " 1. 50

jk]_ -iry The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

1~U. IZ Honey," (paper bound) " 1. 10

|u _ -j <! The Bee Journal a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-

llU. I J Culture," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

Nn 1A '^^^ ^^^ Journal a year and a Foster Stylographic

llU. 1^ Pen (Pen alone, $1.00) " 1.75

Send all orders to GEORQ-E "W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILL.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees 00 the other side.

a

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This Cut is the i^CLL Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbed ordedug-, be sure to say jost what name and
address you wish put on the Knile.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a uovelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering" into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass;
the back springs of Shef5eld spring--steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife Is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwiseto try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the Jcnife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so foi-
tunate as to have one of the '* Novelf.es, " your Pocket-Knife will serve as au identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
g"ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying ci](; pives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
thisjbeautiful kmfe,'as tb^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending usihkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withS^VW.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the lieo Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK t CO.

0"Pleas« alloT" •'bout two weeks for your knife order to be filled.

ChicagO' Hi

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 19, 1903,

No. 47.

c

Editorial Comments

Don't Feed Syrup Now.

If you have been wise you will not be feeding anything now;
the time for that was earlier; but if you have been improvident
enough to leave some colonies till now with insuflicient stores, let the
deficiency be supplied with combs of sealed honey or with candy.
Don't think of feeding syrup now.

The Varying Value of Honey-Plants.

This is one of the curious things in bee-keeping. It is well known
that alfalfa Is one of the most valuable honey-plants in Colorado and
other Western regions, while, uniil lately, there has been no report of
honey gathered from alfalfa east of the Mississippi. Now hopes are
entertained that by means of inoculating the soil with the proper
bacteria, alfalfa may flourish in localities where hitherto it has been a
failure, and that in such places it may become valuable as a honey-
plant. But what will account for the widely differing values of the
goldenrods and asters? Surely, there can hardly be lacking some
bacterium in the soil of northern Illinois, where several varieties of
these plants grow luxuriantly and abundantly, yet they are reported
worthless as honey-plants. Why wt)rthless here and excellent else-
where ;

The Use of the Uneapping-Knife.

An old bee-keeper writes :

" What T. F. Bingham says, on page "12, about the use of the
honey-knite, is worth all the long discussion about it in the Los Ange-
les report; but can it be possible that there is anything like I'J.") pounds
pressure on the knife* It doesn't seem to need a strength of many
pounds to move the knife."'

Mr. Bingham is attributing to the pressure of the atmosphere
what really should be attributed to the viscidity of the honey. The
atmosphere is 1.5 pounds to the square inch, but that cuts no figure;
the pressure is there on both sides alike, even if one side is immersed
in honey. Try the flat side of the knife on a comb of very cold, thick
honey, and then try it on one of warm, thin honey. The pressure of
the atmosphere is the same in each case, but the knife will move with
much greater difficulty in the case of the cold honey, because of its
greater toughness.

This, however, does not take anything away from Mr. Bingham's
argument in favor of having the '4 -inch bevel rather than the 1 '4-inch
blade next the honey. For the blade being five times as wide as the
bevel, it will take five times the force to -overcome the friction, so to
speak, of the honey.

Selling Small Crops of Honey.

Recently we received an inquiry from a bee-keeper who had only
about a ton of extracted honey, asking where he could sell it, and
also what it was worth.

As to its value, of course we referred him to the market column
the American Bee Journal. Any one who gets this journal regu-

larly would hardly need to write to us to know the market price of
honey. That is what the honey quotations are publishedifor.

Now, about where to sell honey. In the particular case referred
to, we suggested that as he had only a small amount of honey to dis-
pose of, we believed he could realize the most for it by working up a
home market, or in near-by towns. If he should ship his honey to a
large city market he would likely get about 6 cents per pound for it.
If he put forth some effort, by offering it direct to families in say 6 or
8 pound pails or cans, he would doubtless get at least 10 cents a pound
for it. if not more.

We would like to see bee-keepers get more for their fine honey,
but in order to do so, a great many more of them will have to work up
their own market. Of course, the bee-keeper who has a number of
tons of honey can not usually dispose of it in a home market. Such
will have to ship it to the larger city market. But there are thousands
of small cities and towns that do not use a tenth of the honey they
should use, and would use, it they were offered^the honey direct by
the producer.

We believe this matter will bear investigation and development.
We would like to hear from those who have made a success of the
home-marketing plan. ^^^^^__^^^^

Prices and Profits in Bee-Keeping.

The following is a sample of some of the correspondence that has
come to this office lately and within the past few years :

Mr. York: — I believe the common bee-keeper is the milk-cow of
the big bee-supply factories, and the commission houses of the big
cities. I can see no profit in bee-keeping. And it looks to me funny
when factories advertise in the bee-papers that the bee-keeper should
borrow money and send it to the factory to get the goods early. Those
people like to get all the money out of the bee-keepers, and let the
latter have only the bee-stings in the summer-time.

I believe there is a great, big humbug in comb foundation. It
will stand the heat of an ice-box but not the heat of a hive full of bees.
It must be more than half profit. Of course, there is more profit in
that kind of foundation. I wouldn't use any foundation without wir-
ing the frames. Baptist Beck.

Being entirely out of the bee-supply business now, we feel that we
can offer a few comments on Mr. Beck's letter without being accused
of having " an ax to grind."

In the first place, we learned enough about the bee-supply busi-
ness, while we were in it, to know that there is no fortune in it for any
one, be he manufacturer or dealer. Why, if the profits in making and
handling bee-supplies were equal to those in many other lines, bee-
keepers would be compelled to pay about double the present retail
prices for the supplies they use in their apiaries. We feel that we
know something about this matter, for we are in a city where there is
a great variety of business done, and we know that the profits in a
number of other lines of trade are far in excess of those connected
with handling bee-supplies and honey.

As to the intimation of Mr. Beck, that comb foundation is adul-
terated, we can only say that the bulk of the comb foundation sold
to-day is made by the Weed process, and the fact is that the sheeting
method of that process will not work adulterated wax. So that idea
of Mr. Beck is entirely wrong. Almost any bee-keeper knows that on
a very hot summer day, with a heavy swarm of bees in a hive not ven-
tilated, any kind of comb foundation will likely melt down if nol
wired in the frames.

As to there being no profit in the bee-business at the present price
of honey, we suppose that can also be said of any other farm products
at different times during a series of years. But we venture to say that

740

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

there are a good many bee-keepers that would never complain at all,
only guarantee them a fair crop of honey every year. They will take
care of the price.

The fact is, there has never been a general oversupply of honey in
this country. There may often be more produced in any one locality
than can be used there during the year; but there are always many
other places where not nearly enough has been produced to supply the
demand. What should be done is to even up the surplus crop — dis-
tribute it, more evenly throughout the country. Then a better price
couldi)e secured.

Honey will not usually sell itself, any more than it will take unto
itself legs and walk off. The honey-producer must make some effort
to dispose of his crop. But he must first see to it that it is put up in
the best possible shape for market. Properly graded, neat and clean.
He then needs to watch the markets—learn the supply and demand,
as far as possible.

In our experience as a bee-supply dealer, we have not found the
bright, pushing, up-to-date bee-keepers objecting to the ruling prices
on bee-supplies. We have come in contact with a great variety of
bee-keepers, too, in what was our bee-supply department. No one
hears of a Coggshall, a Dr. Miller, a France, a Brodbeck, or any other
large bee-keepers complaining of high prices of bee-supplies. They
have done business enough to know that when the expenses connected
with manufacturing and handling bee-supplies are considered, the
present prices are none too high. But, actually, there are a few bee-
keepers who think .SI. 00 is a high price for 53 copies of the American
Bee .Journal ! But we doubt if any one can afford to keep bees at all,
if he can not afford to pay a dollar for a bee-paper.

As to the suggestion that bee-keepers borrow money and buy sup-
plies in the tall, that is all right. It would in some cases be a saving
to the bee-keeper to do that. And for so doing, an early-order dis-
count is offered by some manufacturers. But, of course, no one need
borrow money or buy supplies in the fall just because some bee-supply
manufacturer suggests that he do so.

In conclusion, we want to say that we don't know of any bee-
supply dealer or honey-dealer who is getting rich in either business.
Neither do we know of any honey-producer that is getting rich. Bee-
keeping is not a get-rich-at-it business; neither is the bee-supply busi-
ness, nor the bee-journal business. But all are businesses in which a
fair, honest living can be made bj' hard work, and by " keeping ever-
lastingly at it."

Queens op Laying Workers.

A Kansas correspondent wrote inquiring as to the value of a
tjueen which, upon beginning to lay, laid a number of eggs In a cell,
only occasionally having a single egg in a cell; but within 24 hours
.another letter came, saying:

" I have looked into that hive again, and conclude that the queen
IS missing, and that laying workers are laying the eggs. What made
me think at first that it was not laying workers, was that every cell
contained one egg or more; that there were no vacant cells, but the
eggs are fastened to the pollen in partly filled pollen-cells. It beats
anything I have ever read about for laying workers; there must be
many of them, or they are very prolific in egg-laying.''

It may be said in general that a good queen will lay one egg in a
cell, only duplicating the eggs when cramped for room. Yet there are
rare exceptions, a good queen at first laying more than one egg in a
cell, even when there are plenty of vacant cells. There is nothing
strange about the large numbers of eggs laid by laying workers, for
there is not, as some seem to think, only one laying worker in a hive,
but a number, if not a majority, of the denizens of the hive are en-
gaged at the miserable business.

There are cases in which it is impossible to diagnose certainly the
presence of laying workers, at least until the brood is sealed, for the
eggs will be laid just as regularly as if laid by the best queen. This,
however, is probably never the case except where there is only worker-
comb in the hive; for if drone-cells are present the laying workers
prefer them, and will lay a large number of eggs in each drone-cell—
sometimes a dozen in each — rather than to put up with the cramped
quarters of a worker-cell. Generally, however, one or several queen-
cells will be found well filled with eggs by laying workers. When
eggs are found only in queen-cells, it is safe to say laying workers are
the culprits.

It is also pretty safe to say there are laying workers if an egg is
found laid on pollen, although, very rarely, a good queen may do such
a foolish thing. When the brood is sealed, then all doubt as to the
presence of a good queen is removed, for the sealing, instead of being

flat, looks like a lot of Utile marbles, showing that there are laying
workers or a drone-laying queen.

Automobiles for Bee-Keepers and Their Cost.

This is a matter concerning which there is some interest, and A.
I. Root gives some figures in Gleanings in Bee-<;ulture. He copies the
following from the Cleveland Leader:

" William Huston, who recently made an 8000-mile trip through
the East in his automobile, to-day figured out the cost of keeping his
machine in repair during such steady and hard service. He finds that
the mere cost of operating his automobile was 10 cents a mile, divided
as follows: Tire maintenance, 5 cents a mile; gasoline, 2 cents a
mile; general repairs, 3 cents a mile."

This would be rather expensive for bee-keepers, but Mr. Root
thinks it unnecessarily high, probably being for a large machine cost-
ing $1500 or .*200u instead of $000 or $700. His own experience makes
him estimate: Tires,!}.;; gasoline, 3.1 ; repairs,! cent a mile, or 2
cents a mile in all. Bee-keepers, who are dreaming of some day own-
ing an automobile, will be anxious to put faith in the figures of Mr.
Root, rather than in those of Mr. Huston.

Comparing this with the expense of using horse-flesh, Mr. Root
bases his estimate on the charges made by liverymen, and thinks 10
cents a mile none too high for a horse and buggy. Some bee-keepers
will smile at the thought of its costing them !0 cents a mile for old
Dobbin and the wagon. Perhaps some one will give us an estimate of
the actual cost for his team in visiting out-apiaries.

Smoking Bees at the Hive-Entrance.

Renewed attention is called to this matter by the wide variance of
opinion expressed by two l>ee-keeping editors. The Editor of Glean-
ings says that even in the case of a very cross colony he seldom blows
smoke in at the entrance. The Editor of Barnum's Midland Farmer
says: " Smoke first, several minutes before taking the cover off; this
will give them a chance to fill up with honey."

Is it locality, the character of the bees, or what is it that will jus-
tify such opposite treatment? Are none of Mr. Root's cross bees ever
found near the entrance, and are Mr. Barnum's bees so savage that it
is not safe to open a hive without first pouring smoke into the en-
trance for several minutes! In the case of the average bee-keeper, the
choice between the two ways would probably be a choice between
stings and loss of time. The amateur, with only one or two colonies,
would probably prefer to lose the " several minutes " rather than to
run the chance of the stings. The practical bee-keeper, with 50 or
more colonies to open in a day, would hesitate at the loss of time.
"Several minutes '' would be at least three minutes to each colony,
and for 50 colonies that would make two hours and a half, to say
nothing of blowing the bees out of the hive with so much smoke.
Perhaps the two gentlSmen might get together and make some kind
of a compromise.

(

Miscellaneous Items

General Manager France wrote us Nov. !0, saying that the
National Association had just won two more victories — one in San
Antonio, Tex., where complaints were made against a bee-keeper by
neighbors; and another in New Jersey, where honey-thieves were
caught, plead guilty, and settled.

Ohio Bee-Keepers to Organize. — In Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture for Nov. 1, appeared the following editorial paragraphs:

There is to be a joint meeting of the Hamilton County Bee-
Keepers' Association with the Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association,
at Cincinnat Nov. 25, in the conventiou hall of the Grand Hotel. The
Hamilton County Bee-Keepers' Association, as I have already men-
tioned, is a very lively organization ; indeed, I believe it is the most
flourishing body of bee-keepers that ever existed in Ohio. It has
regular luonthly meetings, and the enthusiasm seems to keep up to
the boiling-point. Well, its members are thoroughly aroused as to
the necessity of having a foul-brood law in Ohio, and they desire to
co-operate with their brethren all over the State in asking our next
General AssemWy to pass such a measure. The old Ohio State organi-
zation held its last meeting in Cleveland, it 1 mistake not. The secre-
tary, Miss Dema Bennett, just before she died, turned over to mo the

Nov. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

741

records and other properties of the old Ohio State or(,'anization. The
time now seems to be ripe for reorjjraniziuf; it, and holdinj; a nieetingr
in Cincinuali, for wo are bouud to have a good local attendance and
an enthusiastic meeting. Bee-kecpcrs all over the State are asked to
lend their inlluence, for it is proposed to bombard the Ohio State
Legislature with a goodly company of bee-keepers, possibly holding
one meeting In Columbus while the legislature is in session. The date
of the convention, Nov. "25, the day before Thanksgiving, will insure
low railroad rates; and you may rest assured that the bee-keepers of
Cincinnati will do the handsome thing in their part of the work.

It is highly important that every bee-keeper in the State should
petition his own Senator and Representative. Soon after this journal
is out the election will be over, and you will know who your next
law-makers will be. Possibly you will know before. In any case,
see them as soon as possible, and secure from them a pledge of sup-
port. This is rtr'j hnportiint, for it is essential that tw/-?/ niembt)r of
the General Assembly be approached by one or more bee-keepers; for
when our measure comes up they will feel that the law is urgently
needed. We must make them fee! the pressure. Put in your best
efforts now before you forget it. If you can't see your man, write
him.

The meeting at Cincinnati will not be devoted entirely to the dis-
cussion of foul brood. Other subjects will be discussed, and among
other things will be a stereopticon talk in the evening.

Later. — I have just learned that D. R. Herriclc, a I?epublican
nominee for the legislature, and who has signiBed his willingness to
father and support a foul-brood bill, will be present to address the
convention. As he will probably be elected, this means much to us.

We hope that Ohio bee-keepers will turn out in goodly number at
Cincinnati Nov. '2b. Practically all will tjeable to get home again be-
fore the Thanlisgiving dinner gets cold. Ohio needs a strong State
organization of bee-lieepers. Cincinnati is just the place to start it
off. There are a lot of live, energetic bee-folks down there, that can
do anything they really want to do. We shall expect great things
from them. Being an " Ohio boy " we naturally look to our native
State to be the foremost in all good movements.

Bees in a Chicago Hotel. — The following account of a hotel
guest with bees appeared in the Chicago Tribune of Nov. 4 ;

Busy, buzzing bees stampeded guests and employees at the Palmer
House yesterday afternoon. Escaping from a suit-case, in which they
were being conveyed to Iowa, they flew through corridors and lobby,
stinging a number of patrons.

Clerk Vier, at the counter, noticed two or three insects buzzing
about his head.

" Shoo!" he exclaimed, slapping at them.

.Just then Edward Tiedt, of Indiana, appeared on the scene. He
was excited.

" Have you seen any bees around here?" he asked, and then, as
he perceived the insects, tried to round them up with a piece of gauze
netting.

" They are high-priced bees," he declared. " I was taking them
to my farm in Iowa. I'll give ?1.00 for every one that is captured."

Bell-boys became busy, but not busier than the bees, and guests
fled from the rotunda. Some sought the bar, and the bees followed.
Two made directly for a Scotch high-ball, and were killed with a
towel.

A young woman telegraph operator sought refuge in a telephone
booth, but she didn't stay long, for a bee had entered before her and
resented the intrusion.

Mr. Tiedt had intended starting an apiary on his Iowa farm, and
the bees were in a small box that was in his suit-case.

A Liarge "Portico Hive." — A. G. Erickson, of Barry Co.,
Mo., wrote us, Nov. 9, as follows:

Editor York:— I send you a newspaper clipping to show that
bees can work as well in large places, or large hives, as they can in
small ones. A. G. Erickson.

The clipping referred to in the foregoing is as follows:

BEE3 WERE GOOD TO THIS OAK GROVE MAN.

Two swarms of bees took possession of a cavity in a portico at the
home of Dudley Owings, a farmer near Oak Grove, last summer.
They were not molested until a few days ago, when Mr. Owings
" robbed '' them, and secured more than 200 pounds of fine honey.
This is a fine output for one season. .\s hooey is worth 16 cents a
pound, the two colonies of bees netted Mr. Owings ?32.

Lizards and Insects that Fool Bees. — " There is a kind
of lizard which lives in the sandy deserts of Arabia," says the Sunday
School Times. " Its body is so like the sand that it can not be dis-
tinguished from it at a little distance, but it has on each side of the
mouth a fold of skin of a very li^rht crimson color, which the creature
can blow out into the form of a round blossom, and in this state it
looks exactly like a little red flower which grows abundantly in the
sand. Insects are attracted to this curious object, mistaking it for a

real (lower that has honey in it fur them, and they approach the mouth
of the lizard without fear, when they are immediately snapped up.

"There is also an insect common in India which feeds upon other
insects, and, in order to catch them, puts on the appearance of the
flower of an orchid. Its legs are made flatter and broader than those
of any other insect; they are colored a beautiful pink hue, and they
ray out from the body of the insect exactly like the petals of a beauti-
ful flower. Insects are deceived by this wonderful likeness to the
blossoms which they freciuent for the sake of their honey, and are
immediately caught up by their treacherous foe."

[ Sketches of Beedomites j

WALTER S. POUDER.

The subject of our " sketch " this week was born Dec. 2, 1860. He
was reared on a fruit-farm in Hamilton Co., Ohio, and took a liking
to the bee-business during his college days. He established a queen-
rearing business, but after advertising for some years, succeeded In
disposing of his entire product of queens to the late Chas. F. Muth.

Mr. Pouder was one of the helpers in the factory of The A. I. Root
Co. for a short time during 1S83. He opened a small honey and sup-
ply house in Indianapolis, in 1889. With his nephew (now Dr. H. C.
Cragg) for a helper, they made the business grow by being economi-
cal, both of them "batching." The stock of goods then consisted of
a set of scales, a barrel of honey, and 20 colonies of bees !

Mr. Pouder was the author of a pamphlet called " The Busy Bees
and How to Manage Them," which helped many a beginner in bee-
keeping.

To-day Mr. Pouder has an immense stock of honey, beeswax and
bee-supplies, without a single dollar of indebtedness.

He is unmarried, and for two years has been unfortunate about
his hearing, thus debarring him from taking active part in social or
church work.

Mr. Pouder has been one of the American Bee Journal's continu-
ous advertisers for years. And no one exceeds him in promptness in
paying bills. He is one of the reliable kind of young business men
that are succeeding because of their honorable dealing and energetic
endeavors. We feel like giving such a boost whenever we can,
though they are usually the kind that have already boosted themselves
into success by their own efforts.

We believe we have not met Mr. Pouder since the convention of
the National which he refers to on another page — in 1886. And we
have entirely forgotten that street-car remark, though we don't doubt
that we said it. We had been married just a few weeks before that
meeting. Sorry Mr. Pouder has not as yet followed our good example
in that line. But it isn't too late yet.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3 ^-jxe inches) which is desig-ned to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2,25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7,50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year in advance.,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

742

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

[ Convention Proceedings J

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting" of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Angeles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from pa^e 727.)

THIRD DAY— Thursday Morning Session.

This session opened with Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.
Prayer was offered by Dr. Miller.

Mr. N. E. France then addressed the convention on

THE ERADICATION OF FOUL BROOD.

This subject of foul brood is one that has been discussed
through our papers over and over again, and the appearance
of the disease, together with its serious effects, has been
described repeatedly, until it seems almost useless to rehash

have some remedy by which we could legislate to make these
movements all National in their character. I hope the day
is coming when the helping hand of the National Associa-
tion can reach out and help sister States to get this legisla-
tion. During the little time I have been acting as General
Manager, I have realized the necessity of this important
part of the work.

But to come to the individual work of foul brood, I find
bee-keepers in my own State (I will not say this of others)
who are readers of two, some of them of three, bee-papers,
and who are practical bee-keepers, and are up to date ; but
when you come to converse upon the subject of foul brood
with these parties, they say they have not had experience,
they have not posted themselves upon this branch of the
i business. When it gets into their yard it gets a good foot-
hold before they become interested. Then they begin to
go over their literature and look up the subject, having
failed, unfortunately, to put the information into their
heads, in which case they would have recognized the dis-
ease when it made its first appearance, and the serious re-
sults which followed might have been avoided. To know it
at the first glimpse is very important ; to know what to do
with it coipes later on.

Foul.ljrood has been described over and over again,
and I hardly know whether it is worth while to take the
valuable time of this convention to go into that here,
whether it is desirable to describe it so as to know it without
any guessing. I have been called 300 miles to see a case of
pickled brood, when they insisted they had foul brood in
the yard, and how glad I was to tell them there was no foul

■E ll'MIOATINQ DISEASED

these conditions. But I do think the National Association
could help to get legislation on this subject. It looks dis-
couraging ; I realize it, at least, in Wisconsin ; Mr. Hutch-
inson realizes it in Michigan. Inspectors in other States
realize that they should go into neighboring States to see
that the disease is treated when the neighboring State has
no legislation on the subject, but continues to propagate
the disease and send it over to us. Therefore, we ought to

brood in the yard I But if they had read the literature on
the subject there would have been no necessity for me to
take such a trip. So I feel that one part of this subject
needs to be impressed. To begin with, what causes foul
brood ? I will say, candidly, I do not know. Every case I
come in contact with in my own State I back-track history,
and, almost every time, it has been contagious through
the bee-keeper's management in some way. There has

Nov. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

743

been a cause of it in that apiary, but what the original
cause was I do not know. In certain cases it might have
originated there, but that would not be a standard rule.

How do we spread it ? Why, in as many ways as the
bee-keeper knows of. I need not enumerate them. Some-
times by getting- combs from somebody who has the mis-
fortune to have the disease in his apiary. A man in my
State bought, at a very cheap price, a lot of combs pretty
well filled with honey from a neighboring apiary. He used

It will remain as found there, the larva continuing to draw
down until it will turn up the head. Chinaman-shoe like.
Just in that part pickled brood and black brood will do the
same thing; that is, they will turn up, but they will not
have that little thread running up there.

At that same stage is where it is brown, and has that
ropy, stringy nature that I can not find in the case of pick-
led brood, and I have found it entirely different in black
brood, so far as I have examined. Then, at the ropy stage,

C. A.. HUFF'S TANK FOR FUMIGATING POUL-BROODT COMBS WITH FORMALIN GAS.

these as feeders. In those colonies that needed spring feed-
ing I cautioned him, saying, " My friend, do you know
whether there has been disease in that apiary or not ?" He
said, "What is the difference?" X was out on my work,
when I received a telegram to come immediately to this
man's place. He could not wait for the dispatch to chase
me around over the State, but he came overland 60 miles
for me. He said, " I have got foul brood up there." I said,
" Do you remember a young man who bought some combs
with honey in ?" He had shown me one comb as clean and
white as you please, nearly full of honey, and in there I saw
only three cells with foul brood. He had said that it "did
not matter." Now, it was just those combs that he had fed.
These all had foul brood, but no others. And, by the way,
that bee-keeper was formerly of this county. He went back
from California to Wisconsin, has had his experience in
that, and is coming back to this county this winter to re-
main permanently with you.

Now, I will describe some of the symptoms of foul brood
so that if any one here has not had experience, he may
profit by it. Foul brood has some characteristics that are
true to the nature of the disease; one would be the perfor-
ated or sunken cappings. That might also be true of some
others, but it is always true at some stages of foul brood.
If we would examine underneath this capping we would
find a larval bee, according to its development. If we would
take the early stages it would be of a coffee color, a brown-
ish color, with a lightish streak in it, and the head end of
that larval bee would be somewhat dry — a peculiar charac-
teristic of that stage. The tongue of the bee seems to ad-
here to the upper wall of the comb. I never found that
condition of affairs in pickled brood, black, chilled, or any
other condition of brood, that the tongue stands against the
upper side-walls ; the larva on the lower side-walls, which
is of a brownish color, and the bee is about one-half matured.

we get the peculiar odor of foul brood. Now, these are
characteristics that are apparent to the eye. I might go
into microscopic features, but do not care to take up these
details here. I will say, however, this much : Here are
specimens from 10 different bee-yards in my own State,
samples of this foul brood. (Yes, I will keep them covered
up ! At your convenience, those of you who have not seen,
and want to see the disease, will come up here and inspect
these specimens. They are here for that purpose.)
Now, a little instruction as to what to look for :
First, I will ask the California bee-keepers to keep your
hands off of the inside of the box, so that you may not carry
the disease home. Handle it as you would any other poison.
But what are you going to look at ? I have marked on the
box so you will know just the top end of the box. Looking
straight down into the box, these cells seem to be fairly
clean, but when you hold it in the sun (I would want to
handle it with the sun coming into it in this direction over
my shoulder, so that you can look angling down in there, at
the lower side-wall, a little back from the front end of the
cell). In some of these you will see that dried, black, thin
scale, not quite as thick as the side-walls. That is the last
stage. I have had men say, " Why is the comb in that con-
dition ? What does that amount to 7" It amounts to just
what I have illustrated with that comb ; that brood was in
those combs ; it revived, and the disease starts again. In
one of these combs there are eggs deposited right on top of
these scales, and there is also pollen here, and there was
some honey.

I was very much interested in the lecture last evening
by your veteran bee-keeper, Mr. Harbison, especially in the
close of his remarks in regard to foul brood in your district.
You have a warmer climate than where I came from, and I
do not know what would be possible if foul brood should be
in the trees and in the rocks, where your bees have not

744

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH^AL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

the troubles of winter as we have. But I do know in Wis-
consin, and other Northern States, we need not fear bee-
trees, and we never have bees in rocks in our locality, so
that from that source we are practically free in the North-
ern States.

I had the complaint brought that if we treated all the
apiaries in the vicinity where we found it, there were bee-
trees there, and what was the use treating the disease when
the bees from the trees would come in and inoculate every-
thing ? I had had some experience in hunting bee-trees,
and I went out immediately and examined in regions badly
infected with foul brood. In only one tree, where the
swarm was not over a year old, did I find any disease, and
that was in the last stages. But I did find trees where bees
had gone from infected hives, and gone into the tree. I
got permission to have those trees cut in my presence, that
I might examine the brood, and in not one of" them could I
find a trace of foul brood. As an illustration, in this case
where the bees had no comb foundation, and had to build
comb for themselves, we found the bees had treated them-
selves. Tha!t tree I consider practically safe. The only way
a bee-tree could become diseased would be where it had
accumulated combs and then robbing diseased hives.
In that way it might become infected. But in our North-
ern States we know that they can not stand the win-
ters, and they soon perish, and the squirrels and bee-moth
get rid of everything inside that hollow tree in a short time
afterward. But in these localities it may be another subject.

Now the old treatment, the McEvoy plan, has come so
near perfection, when followed in close detail, that I doubt
if we can improve upon it at the present date. A little care-
lessness in any part of it, and we may spread the disease.
Early this season there was considerable writing in our bee-
papers of the treatment of infected combs by the use of
formaldehyde. Of course, I was interested immediately,
and got material together, and as early as possible went at
it to test that treatment. As a final result of that, treating
a good many combs in various parts of my own State, I will
say the results are simply this :

Where the cells are open, where the gas can penetrate
into the open cells, where there was dry larvK, in every
case where they were fumigated, the bees carried out the
disease, and they continued to be free from infection. So
much, I say, where the gas can reach it. But I have been
unable to kill the germs of the disease under the capping.
It doesn't seem to go through it. In fact, I have found, in
capped brood-combs where there were bees apparently
healthy, said combs fumigated, and the next day the little
bees could crawl. If it would not kill the live bees it would
not kill the germs of disease. It had the same ropiness, the
same odor after fumigating. In one case I grafted some of
that kind of comb into a colony, and had to treat it later.

I would recommend, if you have any doubtful combs,
and have any cells capped over, before you use any
formaldehyde treatment, that you uncap those cells, allow-
ing the gas to get in there, because the walls of the cap-
ping are almost impervious to the gases. I do believe, in-
stead of trying to save all black brood-combs by this for-
maldehyde treatment, that we would better make wax of it,
and put in a new sheet of foundation. It is poor economy.
Last year I became disheartened with the saving of
old combs. There were parties whose bees seemed to
lack energy, but when the old combs were taken away, and
they had new ones, there was a new ambition. If, however,
we do save the old combs, give them a double dose of for-
maldehyde treatment. I should be very cautious in trying
to save these old combs.

At the Chicago convention, last December, the very
best part of it was, after I had finished, those who had
had experience, or were afraid they might have, asked
questions, drawing out the vital parts. And to_those that
wanted questions answered, that was worth more to them
than the cost of attending the meeting. This is your con-
vention, and I feel I am encroaching upon your valuable
time if I do not give you such an opportunity.
(Continued next week.)

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal 7 We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

c

Contributed Articles

An Improvement in Honey-Cans Needed.

rj

U

OOD, old, black Johnny Parker, when I was a boy, used

to rattle off his prayers in boysterous eloquence, with

the saliva spattering from his thick lips along with his
earnest words, and he seldom failed to use one climax ex-
pression, " Oh, Lawd, speak wid a bois ob sebben peal ; a
bois like t'under." I don't know that I have recalled that
expression before for 40 years, till this very evening, while
reading the American Bee Journal, on the first moment of
its arriving, about a larger opening for honey-cans ; and
then I felt like invoking Editor York (Johnny Parker fash-
ion), to let his columns ring on the the subject till the im-
provement asked for is granted.

The retailers all over the country, who out-number the
producers ten to one, if not a hundred to one, should have
the first right to be considered in this question of conveni-
ence, for it is getting the honey out, and not putting it in,
that is the matter. A producer can fill his cans, no doubt,
through a small hole just as easily as he could through a
large hole, and just as cheaply with the same honey-gate.
Why should he care for the difference one way or another ?
For he is not the man who is to be tortured by this short-
coming in the honey-business, in getting that same honey
out after it is candied down solid. While he, with a merry
tune, can put the liquid honey in the cans, a hundred dif-
ferent men may have it to peck out — with occasion for tears,
possibly. Now, whose happiness should be weighed in this
case, the one man or the hundred 7

In the last two years, on account of shortage with my
bees to supply my home demand for honey, I have had, each
year, to send for several shipments of honey from New York
and Cincinnati, in which the S-gallon can full of solid
honey always figured largely. If the cans are not burst, or
cut, or eaten through at the bottom by aciduated honey, or
no nail-holes punched in them by the donkey that crates
them — shame on him ! I am not exaggerating a particle, for
I have never yet received a shipment of honey without too
many of the cans being exactly as I am describing. Then
if they are sound, I like to set four or six of them into a
liquefying tank a foot deep, and boil water around them
till the honey is in a hot, liquid state.

And now comes the experience with the small-mouthed
cans, which does not improve a man's happiness a single
bit. No sooner is the honey hot than it begins to swell,
and a scum rises thick upon it, and the cans, if they have
been honestly filled, will refuse to hold their contents, and
they will all be taken with the dyspepsia. Hurry up quick
with a bow! and spoon ! I grab a tablespoon, and behold it
won't go into the mouth of the can, so I am compelled to
putter away as fast as I can with a teaspoon to save some of
the honey, while the cans are running over and some of the
honey is wasting. A hole large enough to admit a cream-
ladle lYz or 3 inches wide w6uld put an end to this waste,
and with some men, no doubt, save hard words.

What did you say 7 " Dig a little out before melting
it ? " I have tried that, and it is impossible to do it success-
fully, because the hole is insuflScient ; and, even then, in
some cases I have had them run over because I couldn't get
out enough. And if I should take an inch auger, and bore
it out in chunks to make room for the froth, that would not
liquefy what I would take out.

What is that 7 " Cut the top out of the can 7 " Well, I
have to do that in most cases now, but it spoils the can, you
know ; and, besides that, it is not a funny job to lift out of
a boiling-hot liquefier a 60-pound can of honey, without
handles, brimful, breast high, boiling hot, and burning
one's fingers with a possible slop-over, with a woman stand-
ing by to say, " You must not use such language.'' We
leave out the flowery language at our house ; but I know
human nature well enough to guess what most men would
say ; and I would not waste the gospel on those poor fellows,
either, till I went first and secured the reformation of the
honey-can makers, for to prevent an evil is much better than
to cure. Here is a good chance for A. I. Root's evangelism.

If the narrow-mouthed men should try my liquefier a
few times, and it did not put prayers in them for a bigger
hole, and two handles to each can, I am mistaken. For I

Nov. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

745

have never yet seen a wire handle on a honey-can that was
strong- enough to be trusted inlholding 60 pounds of hot
honey without danger of breaking, for many of them break
for me in lifting them out of the crate or box.

And last, but not least, a hole large enough for a cream-
ladle would enable the buyer to inspect that honey more fully
at first, so as to avoid taking from an unprincipled producer
worthless stuff, as I have known to be the case from buying
it 'myself in the present narrow-mouthed cans, which are
not favorable for the dealer's inspection. But we fixed it
up, for he was a manly man, and took it right back.

So I vote for a 60-pound honey-can with a hole in the
corner of the top — as the most convenient place for pouring
out hot honey — not less than 2'2 or 3 inches large, and a
strong wire handle on either side of the top ; even if they
cost more ; for we consumers are the ones, in the end, who
will have to pay for them.

Respectfully submitted by,

Common-Sbnse Bek-Kebping.

Sweet Clover— Is it Good or Bad?
Some Other Things.

-And

BY WALTER S. POUDEK.

BACK in the seventies, when I first became interested in
bee-literature, I was alarmed to learn that sweet clover
was not looked on with favor by those who were plant-
ing for honey. I had established a small apiary at my
father's home, on one of those beautiful hills just north of
Cincinnati, and I felt rather badly when I discovered that I
was in the midst of great fields of sweet clover. I gleaned
from the bee-papers and text-books that bees would become
intoxicated on sweet clover, and many a bee would never be
able to return with its hard-earned morsel. On going to the
clover-fields at twilight I soon learned that there was some
truth in the statements that a few bees could be found
numbed and dying on the bloom.

As time went on sentiment changed, and we have
learned to look forward to having as much sweet clover
produced in waste-places as possible. I have been guilty of
carrying the seed in my pocket and scattering it in waste-
places, and others have done likewise, till it has increased
wonderfully. We have all wished for more sweet clover,
and now we have it, but I am undecided whether it will ever
prove the boon that we have looked for. I do not fear that
it destroys bees to amount to anything, but, blooming as it
does at the same time with our white clover, and being in-
ferior in quality, it has greatly lessened the value of our
white clover crop in central Indiana and southern Ohio this
year. It is inferior in taste, in color, and in thickness ; in
color it has a greenish tinge. I have known the bees to re-
fuse to work on its bloom, and again I have known but two
seasons in 30 years when it yielded a surplus in this section
of the country.

It yielded a surplus this year, the first since 25 or 30
years ; I do not remember the exact year, but it was the
same year the National Bee-Keepers' Association met at
Indianapolis. [This was in 1886. — Ed.] I remember this
distinctly, because this was the first big convention of bee-
keepers that I had ever attended. At this convention the
late Chas. F. Muth exhibited a sample of sweet clover ex-
tracted honey, and I remember that Dr. Miller, in his good-
natured way, suggested that its greenish color might be at-
tributed to the coal-smoke around Cincinnati. I wanted to
get up and say that I had some just like it that was pro-
duced where there was no coal-smoke, but I hesitated be-
cause I was too bashful.

COXVENTIOK REMINISCENCES.

I shall always remember this convention in just the
same way that a boy remembers his first circus. It was one
of the events of my life to meet and shake hands with the
men whose names were so familiar in the bee-papers. The
late Thomas G. Newman was the principal orator. Dr.
Miller was the funny man who kept the house in good cheer.
W. Z. Hutchinson, a tall, handsome fellow, was taking
items in shorthand for his " Notes from the Banner
Apiary." I suppose I whispered to my nearest companion
that he is the one I'd like to be. Mr. York was Mr. New-
man's handy man. with a budgetof books and copies of the
American Bee Journal. Mr. York was about the only one
who did not care to discuss bees during intermissions. He
told some of us boys that those Indianapolis street-cars

would be too slow for Chicago, and I guess that I thought,
" Well, he's the ore I'd rather be."

Frank L. Dougherty was then the Indianapolis honey
and bee-supply man. Dr. G. L. Tinker had sent samples of
flections made of white-poplar, in four pieces, and I do not
believe that I have ever seen their equal in fine workman-
ship. In fact, I was so favorably impressed with them that
I ordered a lot of them as soon as I returned home, and I
took them to a printer and had my card printed on them. I
used them in a Betsinger case, with wire-cloth separators,
and produced honey so fine that when I exhibited it half the
observers would say it was "machine-made," because it was
too fine to have been made by the bees !

CANS VS. BARRELS FOR HONEY.

I also wish to say a word about barrels for extracted
honey. They are not popular in the Indianapolis honey
market. There are several reasons for this. Usually the
quantity is more than a customer wishes to purchase at
once ; but the worst objection is that they do not hold out in
weight. I have tested the matter a number of times, and a
500-pound barrel will invariably show a loss of 60 to 80
pounds. How this loss occurs I am unable to explain.

The S-gallon can is the proper article for shipping ex-
tracted honey, but there is room for one improvement. The
boxes should be bound with hoop-iron to prevent the bot-
toms from coming off. It is not unusual to find loose bot-
toms ; and an occasional nail plunged in the bottom of
a can will do a lot of damage.

A thin layer of excelsior laid in the bottom of these
boxes helps a whole lot to make matters safe.

Marion Co., Ind.

The Texas Honey-Producers' Association.

THE bee-men of Southwest Texas, who held a series of
meetings recently, are now well organized and incor-
porated under the laws of that State with S5000 capital,
divided into 500 shares and made assessable. The capital
stock is all subscribed for, but when a bee-keeper wishes to
become a member, certificates are transferred to him.

They began the conduct of business Sept. 1, and up to
Oct. 1, when the charter was granted, they had disposed of
nearly 15 tons of honey, and had control of nearly 5000 colo-
nies of bees.

This association will give a new impetus to the bee-in-
dustry, because members get their supplies, including cans,
at wholesale prices, and receive retail prices for their honey.
Extensive plans are being inaugurated for a betterment of
the condition of the bee-keeper, and the placing of the
honey market on a firmer basis by guaranteed full-weight
and purity, together with a price that will bring it in direct
competition with other sweets. At present the producers
are experiencing not only a greater production than de-
mand, but a demoralized market, on the account of much
honey being packed in the past with utter disregard to
rules of grading, or neatness or care in packing.

The board of directors, consisting of Dr. J. B. Treon,
president; L,. Stachelhausen, vice-president; M. M. Faust,
G. F. Davidson, W. E. Crandall and E. E. Eongenecker, are
formulating rules for grading, packing and marketing,
which will at once place the product of the association in
demand, because the dealers will at once know upon what
to depend. Samples are required at least three times a year
from all members, and as often as the honey seems to take
a decided change in flavor and quality.

Promptness in the delivery of honey by railroad is an-
other thing the association is watching with much interest,
and are now collecting data. At present, it takes from 6 to
12 weeks to get a local shipment into North Texas and the
Territories.

Commission men and others, who, at the outset, looked
upon the association with contempt, are now upon a totter-
ing fence, or have fallen entirely on the favorable side,
owing to the quiet but determined policy now pursued.
Agents of trusts are now placing bids with them, and mak-
ing desperate efforts to make prices that will defy
competition for the present, when, according to the golden
rule of the trusts, the producer, or,, rather consumer in this
instance, must suffer. With the efficient anti-trust laws of
Texas, and the indignant determination of the bee-keepers,
it is safe to say they will live together, or die in the at-
tempt.

Next year considerable comb honey will be produced,

746

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 190:-.

and an effort to open the market of our larger cities will be
pushed with vigor.

Protection of the producers has also been carried out
within the association, by the heavy bonding of the secre-
tary and manager, Lafayette Haines, and treasurer, J. H.
Brown.

[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters j

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Introducing- Queens— A Bee-House.

Our bees wintered all right last winter. We increased
from 7 to 8 colonies, and our bees are getting along fine.

I would like to ask a few questions, the first about in-
troducing queens. What time is the best ?

The next is about a bee-house. My papa made a bee-
house SO feet long, 7 feet high, and 7 feet wide ; that makes
a space in front of 7 feet, and that makes two shelves. We
would like to know if we could put the hives one above the
other, or if we would have to put them on one shelf. We
live in a town, and our lot is not very large, so we must
keep our bees as close together as we can.

I like to read what the bee-keeping sisters have to say
about their bees. We make our own hives, and I helped to
put up the frames, and wire them, and put in the founda-
tion. Hope H. Abbl.

Northampton Co., Pa. Oct. 25.

1. The best time in the season to introduce queens is
when the bees are gathering honey most freely. The best
time in the day is toward evening, when the bees have about
ceased to fly.

2. Certainly, you can put them on two shelves, one
above the other.

So, Miss Hope, you help make hives and frames, and
put in the foundation ? I imagine papa thinks you are a
big help to him. Wish you had told us how old you are.

Arizona Bachelor Bee-Keepers Want Wives.

The following clipping has been received :

WANTS CAR-LOAD OF WIVES.

Richmond, Va., Oct. 21.— .J. Few Brown, cashier of the Valley
National bank at Winchester, is asked to send a car-load of Virginia
wives to the bachelor bee-farmers of Arizona.

Mr. Brown is a member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,
and the letter is from B. A. Hodsell, an Arizona bee-keeper, also a
member. He says he Isnows of SO prominent young men in that sec-
tion who are greatly in need of wives, and who will make faithful and
acceptable husbands. He asks that a car-load of girls eligible for
wives be sent.

Mr. Hodsell was in Winchester a year ago, and was favorably im-
pressed with the girls in the valley of Virginia.

It's all right for bachelor bee-keepers to desire good
wives, but there may be some question whether the best
sort of material will be willing to be peddled out in that sort
of style. Some inquiries sent in to this department go to
show that there is a desire for women bee-keepers as wives,
but it may as well be understood first as last, that this de-
partment is not a matrimonial bureau.

A Bee-Keeping- Sister Too Successful.

Mr. A. I. Root, relating in Gleanings in Bee-Culture his
travels in Michigan, tells of his surprise at finding that
Mrs. Charles Shuneman was going to give up bee-keeping
because of too great success ! Many of the sisters would
gladly share her bee-keeping burden with her, at least the
burden of harvesting a big crop of honey. But here is Mr.
Root's story :

"I don't know that I ever before in my life found a
bee-keeper (or bee-keeper^M) who was going to quit the
business because of being too successful. Mrs. S. says she
greatly enjoyed bees until this season. She had enjoyed
studying them and building up colonies ; and this present

year all that marred her enjoyment was the fact that she
had secured a tremendous honey crop ! The honey was
beautiful in quality and great in quantity ; but she said it
was too hard work for any woman, and her husband was in
other business, so he could not give her any assistance ;
so she wanted to sell out and give it up. If the crop
had been more moderate, or possibly none at all, she
might have gone on keeping bees. There are very queer
things in this world of ours, and there are some funny peo-
ple in it. Perhaps Mrs. S. may conclude that, with the help
of the bright boys and girls around her, she may, after a
winter's rest, go on with the bee-business."

Honey-Plant Seed— Wintering Weak Colonies.

1. Will you please inform me w'nere seed of the follow-
ing honey-plants can be obtained : Blue vervain, partridge
pea, phacelia tanacetifolia, and cleome ?

2. Is it not better to contract the space of hives with
weak colonies to save the queens for early spring work,
than to unite the colonies ? They have plenty of stores to
keep them over. Mrs. L. M. Russei.1..

Monroe Co., N. Y.

1. Any leading seedsman ought to be able to furnish
them. Perhaps the A. I. Root Co. can do so.

2. Contracting the space will help, but not a great deal,
after all. It is safer to unite than to risk wintering a weak
colony. But they can be safely wintered by putting two
weak colonies in one hive, as described in " Forty Years
Among the Bees."

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sla. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

BBES PROTRUDING SMALI, DROPS OF NECTAR.

I have begun to be ashamed of it already — and instead
of getting well I shall probably get " wuss and wuss " — my
last " Afterthink," on page 633. Mr. Arthur C. Miller says
it's all right about bees protruding small drops of nectar
when roaring at night ; but they do it with their mouths,
not with the ligula. Not much doubt that he is entirely
right in the matter.

THAT SWARM IN A TREE FIVE DAYS.

Uncle Frank's September swarm, which staid five days
while nobody dared to meddle with them any more, were
quite interesting eccentrics for our instruction. Went west
finally. Page 637.

THE C. O. D. MAIL BUSINESS.

A tremendous hint to Uncle Sam is given by the chap
who makes the mail do C. O. D. business for him. That the
plan should succeed a thousand times is a matter of pleas-
ant interest. No postmaster charged more than ten cents,
it seems. No record of what some of them may have said
about non-required business when they were too busy al-
ready. Should the thing spread till postmasters were very
often asked to make such collections, there might be a con-
cert of refusal.

Queens by mail C. O. D. Is there anything in that ?
Established breeder wouldn't like it, I ween. New breeder
might offer it to get custom — and then the old chaps might
have to fall in. Customers could dance with glee, thinking
of the poetic justice (perhaps more than justice) it would
give him — means of compelling' promptness. " Give you one
week, and then if she isn't here this transaction's off" — in
place of the sickening ^^wait, wait, wait from month to
month. Page 643.

NO HONEY-TRUST RIGHT AWAY.

If we don't have a honey-trust till little, small, local
trusts first succeed and then gradually unite, we'uns the
" skeery " folks can give our trembling thoughts to several
other bogies first. Not during A. D. 1904, will the sweet
octopus make us feel how bitter it can be — not quite sure
about A. D. 2904.

Half the electricity about this subject, which we feel in

Nov. 19, 1S03.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

747

the atmosphere, is caused by chaps who are thinking of
themselves as prominent officers of the Grand Universal
Besweetenem — very fellows least qualified, perchance.
Page 643.

•'YORK'S honey" and THE EDITOR'S TIME.

But those good folks who can't eat anything else than
" York's Honey," what ever will they do now ? Poor fel-
lows ! But their poverty is our riches, I reckon. Apicul-
ture is proud enough to think that its leading journal, or
journals, deserve pretty much the full time of an editor.
Don't expect her servants to live on air, or even on faith ;
but she decidedly does like the prospect of having thera live,
and give her full service, too. Page 644.

DIFFERENCE IN HONEY STORED BY DIFFERENT BEES.

Was Benton bethinking himself, or did he speak
thoughtlessly, when he said the honey of one kind of bees
was as good as that from another ? There is great differ-
ence in different species of honey-storing bees as to the
quality of the honey they store, why not some difference
between different varieties inside the species ? Page 646.

HOT KNIFE OR COLD KNIFE FOR EXTRACTING.

Ah! it's the cold knife that is one approved California
style instead of the hot knife I A little wooden keg of cold
water and three knives, two to soak while one is being used.
Also, some think it can't be done, while some don't think it,
but just dp it — do it right along in the biggest kind of work.
See, also, on page 712, how the knife-man himself, Bingham,
says, cold knife, and decidedly reprobates the hot one. Ex-
tracting in small way, I always use the cold knife, without
even the cold water, excepting to mop off with a rag once in
awhile. If I should try the hot water once (which I never
fairly did), perhaps I should flop over. Wonder if cold water
would really soak off those small granules of wax that oft
stick on the edge. In my practice, they call for the thumb-
nail to be carefully drawn along. Tiny lumps of wax allow
a keen blade to pass half way through them, and then hang
on with great pertinacity. Oft they are so small that two
or three are hardly noticed ; but, anon, a lot of them get on
until something remedial must be done. I find the tem-
perature of the air in which one works makes a great differ-
ence. The hotter the day the worse the knife behaves. Have
just been doing some extracting a good deal too cold. Bad
for the extracting proper, but the knife does its part well —
goes right along without any thumb-nailing or soaking.
But get down much colder and the honey itself will hug the
knife so you can not proceed with any comfort. Page 645.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Transferring— A Colony Half Drones.

1. How can I transfer a swarm of bees from a grocery
box into a hive ?

2. I have one colony of bees that has about as many
drones as worker-bees. What can I do with them ? and
what is the cause of there being so many drones ?

3. How much honey can bees store from one pound of
granulated sugar dissolved in water ? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. The same as your bee-book directs for
transferring from a boxhive. But you would probably
better not transfer so late in the season as now. One of the
best ways is to wait till the bees swarm next year, and three
weeks after swarming you can cut out all the combs with
no danger of destroying brood.

2. It is either a case of laying workers or a drone-lay-
ing queen. In either case, the best thing is to break up the
colony. The bees are probably so old that they are of little
or no value to unite with other colonies, and this is one case
in which, at this time of year, it may be advisable to kill the
bees, as they will soon die anyway, and there is no use in
allowing them to consume any more stores.

3. None that you could sell as honey. But if you feed a
pound of sugar for wintering, it will probably be equivalent
to about 21 ounces of honey.

Buckwheat— Raspberrles-^Hlve-Stands-Pall Covering
for Hives.

1. What is buckwheat usually worth per bushel ?

2. Would it pay me to furnish my neighbor enough for
five acres ?

3. How much seed is required per acre ?

4. Do bees gather much from raspberries ?

5. What does the average bee-keeper use as stands for
placing the hives on during the summer ?

6. Is there any need of covering the hives with any-
thing during the fall ? Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. Varies with locality ; about SI. 00 here.

2. If no other plant is yielding nectar at the time, it
would pay you big.

3. About three pecks per acre.

4. Yes, the raspberry is a very important honey-plant.
In some localities, notably in northern Michigan, it yields a
handsome surplus.

5. Generally pine boards in some form, the simplest
being two pieces of fence-board nailed on the ends of two
other pieces.

6. There should be provision made in someway for bees
wintered on the summer stands to be covered warmer in
winter than in summer, and this may as well be on in the
fall.

Keeping Comb Honey in Winter.

I have read your " Forty Years Among the Bees," and
note what you say, on page 310, but here goes for a ques-
tion— not of bees, but of honey :

We have a closet in our living room close to the stove,
and I have filled it with honey, in small no-drip cases, with
15 sections in each. My wife thinks the honey will sour
and spoil. I want to keep it from freezing. Will the heat
from the stove spoil my honey ? Ohio.

Answer. — Tell your wife that for once she will prob-
ably have to give up in the wrong. That closet, close by
the stove, ought to be an ideal place for keeping honey, and
would be all the better if it would keep not far from 100
degrees. Even a good bit above that would do no hurt.
See page 271 of the book you have mentioned.

Late-Reared Queen.

I received a queen all right, and put her into a new hive
with a frame of brood. I looked for and could not find her,
but found five queen-cells capped, and the rest of the brood
hatched. I suppose that indicated that she was killed, and
they will rear another, but it will be too late to be fertilized
this fall. Will she be any good ? And will the bees work
in a cucumber-house this winter? The other queen did very
well. Massachusetts.

Answer. — She may and she may not be worth some-
thing next spring — chances not greatly in favor. A colony
will work in a cucumber-house, and will help the cucum-
bers, but it will not help the bees.

Carnlolans and Italians.

Please describe through the American Bee Journal, in a
strictly "Truthful James kind of way," theCarniolan bees,
and compare them with the Italians. In what respect is the
one superior, or inferior, to the other? Iow.\.

Answer. — I don't know enough to do as you desire, hav-
ing had no personal experience with Carniolans. Even if I
had, you might not have the same experience, for testimony
concerning them is very contradictory. Probably Carniolans
are not all alike. They are much more given to swarming
than Italians, and the general testimony is that they are
gentler. A cross between Carniolans and Italians is highly
spoken of by some.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by' Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ^_or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

748

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

A Good Honey-Yeap.

After a very poor outlook last springe, it
turned out to be a gfood houey-year in this
locality. I had To colonies of half-starved
bees, spring count, and they increased to 100,
and brought me over 3000 pounds of salable
white comb honey. Wii. Habtwig.

St. Croix Co., Wis.,' Oct. 31.

Bees Nearly a Failure This Year.

The bee-business was nearly a failure here
this year. It has been too wet and cold.
From SO colonies I got about 1000 pounds of
honey, the most of it being comb honey.

Well, if I live another year I will try my
luck with bees once more. We may get a
crop of honey some time, if we only hang on
and do not give up. Frank E. "Knapp.

Wadena Co., Minn,, Oct. 30.

Good Season— Bee-Paralysis.

I started in last spring with 10 colonies, in-
creased by natural swarming to 16, and har-
vested 250 pounds of white clover honey and
1000 pounds of fall honey, about ITS pounds
of this being comb honey, and the balance ex-
tracted. My best colony gave me 335 pounds;
they were a good grade of Italians. I had 3
young colonies that gave me 125 pounds each,
besides filling up all right for winter. This
has been a good season for honey here.

I have introduced four queens with good
success this year. One queen I got from
Texas, and introduced her to a small queenless
■ colony in May ; they gave me 125 pounds of
honey. This reminds me about introducing
young queens to colonies that are affected
with paralysis. I have changed the queen in
3 different colonies and the disease has disap-
peared entirely. I think the cure is all right,
at any rate in my ease. I had 2 cases last
spring where the disease was so bad that the
colony nearly died out, and yet the young
queen saved all, and they gave me a nice lot
of surplus honey.

I had a colony that lost their queen early in
the spring, and they reared 42 perfect queens
in their hive. The weather was bad, and they
could not swarm, so they just killed them
and kicked them out at the entrance, and I
picked them up. A. J. Freeman.

Neosho Co., Kans., Oct. 30.

Report for the Season.

I cannot refrain from writing once a year at
least, because I never took a paper that I
thought was conducted quite as well as the
American Bee Journal is being conducted.
For my part, I can not see how some men can
handle bees without it or some other bee-
paper ; where they do, I surely think that the
bees handle them the greater part of the lime.

Three years ago 1 wintered 5 colonies, two
years ago 9, and one year ago 20, and two of
those died or dwindled away during a long,
cold, wet spell we had last April. One of my
neighbors had 2 colonies, and wishing to dis-
pose of them, I traded him a hog for the bees,
so this made my number good again. I have
35 this fall to put into winter quarters, nearly
all being in very good condition. I think we
had too much rain ihis season for a good crop
of honey, or else I have too many bees for the
pasture they have. 1 don't know which, as I
got only about 600 pounds— 30 pounds to the
colony, spring count. I had one colony that
stored 80 pounds of comb honey; they
swarmed once, but I returned them and clip-
ped their queeu.

I would like to keep my number about
where it is now, or reduce it some if 1 can,
and I have read of so many ways that I hardly
know which to adopt. This season I prac-
ticed cutting out queen-cells while the swarm
was out, and then return them, but I am quite
sure this would not work where one person
had a very great number of colonies. Toward

5 Percent Discount During November!

Send for our List, and order now. Take advantage of this discount. Have your goods on
hand ready for use.

JXJST tkciitk: of it i

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.

m

I WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

m

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

gTheFfedW^MuthCo.

Front and Walnut,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

m

m

m

I

*0>

t'least, mention Bee Journal ■wtien -wntliig.

I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^^h^o*^

0 This foundation is made by a process that produces the superior of any. It Is the d

42 cleanest and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most trans- 0

iff parent, because it has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more £9

0 sheets to the pound than any other make. 0

0 Working ^vax into Foundation for Cash a Specialty. Bees- 0
i? ^v^ax al-ffays 'wanted at Iiig:hest price. 0
S Catalog giving FULL LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on ap- JZ

1 P""*.'°GRAtNGKR & CO., Toronto, ont., 61S. DITTMER, Augusto, W\s. g

Ji Sole Agents for Canada. jj
rtease mention Bee journal wneu ■writiafi,

THE MAD CAREER

of a powerful runawav auto at Zaneeville, O., fair,
wassuddHrilvsto|.|)eii liv Paiie Fence. Ijut not until It
liait killed nr injureil a score of people.
PAtiK WOVEN H IKE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich.

Please mention Bee J'oumai Mylien ■writlnt

iJ >tt >ti >Ji ife. >te- >tt Sit ili. >te. Jii. iti stt li

iBee-SupDiies I

Root's Goods at, Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-keepers.
POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.
Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE.

7) >?<>• Tjf 7i«: >?<>!< >f<>?*^ >?*^ >?« ">!«>?<>{«: pr

$

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

Send 10 cents for full tine of samples
and directions how to begin.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Chlcaeo, Illi.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Joarnal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only tl.40. It Is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson ** no further binding is neces*
tary.

aeORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 <& 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

>^>«\*s*7*V

iSSQSSSSQ)

iSQSQSQSSQQ

Let me SELL or BUY your

I HONEY

fcj If you have some to oflfer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cinciauati.

8 ^ IF IN NEED ^

^ State quautity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash
K basis, in buying- or selling'.

JA Full stock of Bee-Suppllesy the best made, Root's Goods
S at their factory prices, SEEDS of Honey-plants.

I C. H. W. WEBER LTniu'^s^-^-^-^^-""'^^

g 2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO. g

Please meatlon Bee joomai wnen wntme

Nov. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

749

the close of tlie swarming season I got to clip-
ping the nueens. wjiich I thought a better
plan. As this has been a great season for
swarming, the same method may woric better
another year.

I liHve read the editor's writings about the
trip to California to attend tlie National Hee-
Keepers' convention at Los Angeles, until —
well, until 1 imagine I have been there my-
self. His description and explanation of
things are so plain and perfect that 1 prize the
writings very highly indeed, and hope to have
the privilege of reading of many trips of like
nature; also that Dr. Miller aud our family
namesake may live to attend many more of
those meetings, for without them how would
the editor's writings be complete*

\V. H. Root.

Wayne Co., Nebr., Nov. 3.

Results of the Past Season.

My bees did very well, considering the sea-
son. I had 18 colonies in the spring, increased
to 30, aud got 3680 pounds of honey, mostly
white clover. One colony gave 224 4x5 sec-
tions, all salable. I use the Danzenbaker
hive exclusively. I know my locality, under-
stand its flora, and have a method of hand-
ling swarms that has made bee-keeping suc-
cessful as well as profitable with me.

C. E. AURICH.

Iroquois Co., 111., Nov. 4.
[We would be pleased to publish your
method of handling swarms. — Editor.]

In Justice to California.

I was somewhat amused and surprised at
the articles written by different ones about
California. Now, I do not want to criticise any
one, but it is no more than lair to all Cali-
fornians and prospective settlers that a wrong
impression should be corrected.

Now, one impression is that we have a honey
crop only once in 4 or 5 years. I have lived
in the State since 1884, and have worked with
bees nearly every season, and have an apiary
at the present time. I£ my memory serves me
rightly, the only total failure was in 18'.1S;
that season the bees in certain localities actu-
ally starved. It is true we have had more
failures in grain-growing districts (I mean
the grain crop) , but because of a grain failure
it is not always necessarily a failure in honey-
production. In the season of 1887. and others
which were very dry, the bees did remarkably
well, the soil retaining its moisture from the
previous season ; neither does a very wet year
always insure a large honey-yield.

In regard to honey-plants, a person not
familiar with this country would suppose
from the articles that the sages were the only
natural honey-producing plants growing here.
Should this be the case, I believe two years
from DOW would see no more bees in this part
of the State.

Let me name some of our honey-plants; I
will enumerate them as they come in the sea-
son (from March to September) : Alfilaree,

CURED

AT HOME.

plmplo imt certain home cure which boa
not only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye sight of Inestimable value. The

Chilian Eye Treatment r

remov, s cataracts without the Icnlfe, at
home i-iirea granulated H.is, floatlns
Bpecks scums, prowth.s, s-^re and Inflamed
eves falllnc slsrht. or we refund your
money. Send tuU descriptioa of your case
ami ask lor our free booklet and advice.
Chlllin Remidy Co., 67 <> St , Dushnell, lllinolt

B0UI6S,

Jars,

of every
descrlp*
tlon ....

Honey
Dealers

G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,

Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.

45D5t Write for illustrations.

Plej"5e mention Bee Journal "wnen "wrltijig

OT

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADE. BuU

strong, Chieken-
Tlg-ht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
PrlceB. Folly Warranted. Catalog Free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 89 fflnchester, Indiana, C. 8. A.

Please meation the Bee Journal

2C HAA IKc of the very best Extracted
jyUUU lUb* Honey for sale in new cans

^^^m^^^^m^^m^^m at b% ceuts per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

P. J. GUNZEL, Welner, PolnseU Co., Ark.
39Dtf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

45D,0DD

lOc. Uesc. price list f r<

' SnCCP MONCT &nd easy to make

If you work for as. We will start you In
iposlnesB and famish the capital. Work
Ught aud easy. Send 10 cents for fur>
line of samplee and partlcnlars. •
DRAPEft PUBLISUNQ CO.. Chicaso. Ill*

^.JaL^^>^:C^.^iC^.J:C^.^^L^ii'^iC^4..^iC^^.^iC^.^^

A GREAT SLASH IN RATES.

d early

JSow is the time to get your Supplies while low freight rates
order discounts are on. Remember, you get

^ On all orders received during November, where cash accompanies. Don't

^w delay, but think what a great saving this is. You get your goods for the

same as last year, even though the prices have advanced. If you haven't our Catalog,

send for same. It is free.

5 Percent Discount-

HONEY AND BEESV\ZAX V\ZANTED. V

GRIGGS BROS. l

214 Jackson Avenue, = TOLEDO, OHIO. T

Order Your Bgg-SuddUgs Now

While we can serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

willows, horsemint, and numerous other wild
flowers; then come black sage, white sage,
wild alfalfa, wild buckwheat, and last, tar-
wceds. And we also have viuite a few tame
honey. producing plants, alfalfa, deciduous
fruit-hlooni, eucalyptus bloom, etc. Now, this
applies to Southern California, and not to Los
Angeles and vicinity alone. Remember this
is no small territory — from I,os Angeles to
the .Mexican border to the south is somewhere
about 150 miles. I ijelieve it is about the
same distance to San Luis Obispo county to
the north ; and the distance Ijetween the large
mountain ranges and the sea coast is about
100 miles, on an average. Now, is it reason-
able that a person can form a correct idea of
the country unless he sees more than can be
seen from the trolley line that runs between
Los Angeles and Pasadena? A person should
be here at least during the honey season, say
April or May. to gain some knowledge of the
country.

Now, Mr. Editor, come out about next May,
and I will be glad to take you over some bee-
ranges in Riverside or San Bernardino coun-
ties. A. F. Wagner.

Riverside Co., Calif., Oct. 34.

[We are glad Mr. Wagner wrote the fore-
going. We certainly do not want to misrep-
resent any part of our great country.

We hope to have the privilege some time of
spending a few weeks in California, as we are
fully convinced that going there in the dry
season for only a few days one can not possi-
bly get a correct idea of things in the apioul-
tural line.

If any other erroneous impressions have
been given in these columns, we will be glad
to have them pointed out. — Editor.]

Season Too Wet for Bees.

The season here was too wet, and so many
cloudy days. My bees, in the " Happy Home
Hive," have enough to winter well, and some
surplus, but not enough to brag about. Many
colonies still have drones, notwithstanding
they stopped breeding about Sept. 20.

Carroll Co., Md., Oct. 30. H. H. Flick.

Bees Did Fairly Well.

The bees did fairly well here. I started
last spring with 41 colonies, increased to 73,
and put back about 30 swarms. I secured
about 1500 pounds of fine comb honey.

\W. R. M. COYLE.

Vernon Co., Mo., Oct. 29.

Poor Seasons in Succession.

We have gone through six poor seasons here
now in succession, which makes it pretty
tough. We had hoped this would be a good
one, but May was very dry, and May and June
were both cold, with north winds blowing. It
seems strange there was such a good honey
harvest in Illinois; the weather must have
been cold there, too. The only way that I
can account for it, is that they had rain a little
sooner than we did, and that saved the clover.
I never saw a good season that was dry
through April and May, while the clover is
growing. It can be dry when the clover has
matured, and it will do no harm, but not while
it is growing. George M. Stinebring.

Wayne Co., Ohio, Nov. 5.

Transfepring Bees from Box-Hives.

This is my way of transferring bees from
old hives without frames: If it is a gum I lay
it on its side, with the comb standing on edge ;
nailaboardon the bottom, leavinga hole large
enough for the bees to enter the hive, and bore
a number of holes in the top side of the hive.
Prepare an 8-frame super with foundation in
it, and place a queen-excluder between the
hive and super, which keeps the queen out of
the super, and no young bees will bother you.
When I want to extract from it I will get a
lot of honey from it that season, as it will not
be checked from increasing in the latter part
of the season. Quit extracting in time tor

750

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

them to fill their extracting frames for winter ;
remove the queen-excluder so the queen can
go above to lay, which she will do almost in-
variably ; if she does not, blow a little smoke
into the entrance which will drive her up.
When you find that she is up, put the ex-
cluder on again, and after the required time
to hatch the brood has expired, place a new
hive where the old one stands, and remove the
old one, putting in the frames that are in the
super with the bees that adhere to them. The
Old hive will have but little honey in it, as
they have put it into the extracting-frames.
The combs can be rendered into wax, as it is
generally cracked and old, and probably some
of it filled up with pollen.

I want to do this work in the first part of
the season. I have always had the best re-
sults from transferring as I have stated. The
whole strength of the colony is used to pro-
duce heat, so the changes in the weather do
not interfere with brood-rearing; in fact, they
transfer themselves— they hardly know they
have made a change. J. G. Creighton.

Hamilton Co., Ohio, Nov. 5.

The Season in South Carolina.

Our honey crop was a failure here this year
in the spring and summer, and our bees were
about ready to starve Aug. 1, but the cotton
commenced to give some honey, and then they
gradually built up, so that by Sept. 15 they
were in good shape, and we had a good flow
from Oct. 1st to the 20th, so the bees are in
fine shape for winter. 1 have 70 colonies at
home, and 15 at an out-yard, and they all
have plenty of winter stores, and some of
them could spare some, as the two-story hives
have from 50 to 75 pounds each.

W. M. Bailey.

Spartanburg Co., S. C, Nov. 7.

Bees as a Side Issue.

We had a bad summer. As it was so rainy
and cold all through the early part the bees
nearly starved in June, but by careful man-
agement I got a little surplus— all fancy— and
I sold it at from 17 to 20 cents per section. I
am now ready to commence the winter with
2S colonies, all in fair condition.

I found a bee-tree in May, cut it down and
hived the bees; they had a fine leather-colored
queen, and built up nicely, and are in good
shape. I am a farmer, and keep a few colo-
nies of bees as a side-issue, to help pay taxes.
Ira Shocket.

Randolph Co., W. Va., Nov. 6.

Late Queen-Introduction— Rearing
Queens.

I received a queen this afternoon, and not-
withstanding the cold, ahe and her attendants
were in first-class condition. It required great
care to hunt out a queen in a strong colony of
mongrel bees, covered all over with flaming
war-paint, but I did it, and got only one sting.
The temperature at the time was 40 degrees
above zero.

I can not sympathize with those who make
so much complaint of getting poor queens
from queen-breeders. I have bought queens
from many persons for more than 30 years,
and I can not recall more than one really in-
ferior. I got one a few years ago that, for a
time, laid comparatively few eggs, but later
she kept her hive full of very fine bees, and
the queens reared from her were among the
very best I ever had.

Late last season I reared a queen in a small
nucleus, which had lost its queen on her ex-
cursion to meet a drone; I gave it a bit of
comb, only large enough for one cell, so the
bees had but one larva to feed. I think there
was not more than a pint of bees. The young
queen seemed well developed, and became fer-
tile, and began to lay a little in advance of the
usual time. She pleased me so much that I
introduced her to a full colony, and she has
proved one of the very best queens in my
apiary. She has done so well the past season
that 1 want to try her another year, at least.
From this experience, and from some others, I
am satisfied that good queens can be reared in
nuclei as well as in full colonies. Yetl would

THE

DANDY

BONE
CUTTER

II double your ees yield. Thous
of poultry

longferth;

sfasterandl
-, .OOup. Soldonl6'i>By^
* ree Irlul, Send for book and BpocialpropoBlUon,

STRATTON MF'G. CO.,

, Box 21. (• Erie, Pa.

Please moatdon Bee Journal 'when 'writing

The Nickel Plate Road

■will sell tickets within distances of ISO
miles, Nov. 25 and 26, at rate of a fare
and a third for the round-trip, account
Thanksgiving- Day. Return limit Nov.
30, 1903. Three through trains daily
to Ft. Wayne, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo,
New York, Boston and New England
points, carrying vestibuled sleeping-
cars. No excess fare charged on any
train on Nickel Plate Road. Meals
served in Nickel Plate dining-cars on
American Club Plan, ranging in price
from 3Sc to $1.00 ; also a la carte. Chi-
cago City Ticket Offices, 111 Adams
St., and Auditorium Annex. 'Phone
Central 2057. Depot, Ea Salle St. and
Van Buren Sts., on the Elevated Loop.

MAKE HENS PAY

Hiimphrcj Oppn Iloppor Hoop Cotter
Unmplirej-KBpldCloterCutlt-r

Trill double your epg yield Mii cut your feed

Please mention Bee j'oumal -when ■writlna

Never Disappoints

When you put eggs— fertile eggs into

Ormas Incubators fl^^g^

you are never disappointed with the
results. Not only hat^-hes thtm ail;
but hatches chicks that are strong,
lively and vltrornus. Guaranteed. The cheap*
est, good incubator made. Catalog Free.

A. BANTA. LIGONIER. INDIANA

LanflSMlion...

TI16H016!|-B66

Revised by Dadant — 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

prefer to have cells built in full colonies and
under the swarming impluse. I g:et nearly all
ol my queens in that way. M. Mahix.

Henry Co., Ind., Nov. 6.

ItW The good advertiser is ever ambitious
to do better advertising. — Printers' Ink.

Box-Hives vs. Modern Hives.

I see that many disparaging remarks and
many sarcastic comments appear from time
to time concerning '• box-hives " and all who
use them. And while uot in any way an ad-
mirer or advocate of them, I would like to
point out one reason why many such despised
hives are still used, and always will be. That
overwhelming reason is the expense connected
with a good, modern hive, no matter which
you select. And remember that the despised
" box-hive '' is always perfectly satisfactory to
the bee.

To illustrate the expense connected with the
change from box-hives to modern hives, I give
my own experience :

I have kept from 10 to 15 colonies of com-
mon black bees in box-hives for the last three
years, from 1900 to 1903, and this year I trans-
ferred them to S-frame dovetailed hives,
using the combined stand and bottom-board,
and gable covers. Last spring I had 11 box-
hives, with all colonies strong. I bought 20
hives, I'.j stories, and 5 extra supers, sec-
tions enough to fill all supers, enough extra
thin foundation to put full sheets in all sec-
tions, and light brood to fill all frames with
full sheets; bee-escapes, veil, smoker, founda-
tion fastener, book, paint, etc., makingatotal
expense of .$50.30.

Later on I purchased 16 Italian queens for
S13.00 ; making a total of .¥63.30 for the first
year. Expenses for the next season will be
.¥51.00; for 1905, S63.74; for 1906, S80.39; and
from that on, when I shall have an apiary of
50 3-story hives, the annual expense for sup-
plies of all kinds will be about .?S5 00. There-
fore, my apiary of 50 hives complete will cost
me .?25~.43. All these expense items are based
on the A. I. Root Co.'s latest price-list. If
prices continue to rise, as seems probable, the
expense will be more.

There is one other item of expense that I

f^ -.-^9^ Order yonr HIVES until
I Aflil T you get our prices. We are
I Hill Iv making the Dovetailed Hive
I fill I t\ from Michigan White Pine
l^V/11 U —the best pine on earth. 10
percent discount from now until Dec. 1.

THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,

rjA.lTSIN'O, - 11,/tICII.

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Sections, Slijpplng-Gases,
fioney-Gans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. FINE ITALIAN QUEERS
Catalog free.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washington St.,
40Atf INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Flease mention Bee Journal wnen WTmtingr

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, Olrle. old ftiidyoun^r alike,
make money working for us,
Vr'e furnish cAplt&l toslArt yoa m btisl-
bMS. Send na 10c vUmpa or ■Uver for fall Instructlooa and a line of

vDplu to work with. DRAPER PUBLISHINQ CO..Chlueo.[IL

Please mention Bee Journal when ■WTitin&

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at 14.00 per gross. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents for postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62CortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.

41At£ Please mention the Bee Journal.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

25Atf T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell. Mi-

Please mention Bee Journal -when writing

Nov. 19, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

751

have not mentioned. Nine of tlie box-hives
that I had were " on shares," and the owner
got soared at the expense and risk of trans-
ferring, and sold out to me. So S'iO more
must be added, mailing •*83.30 for 1903, and
j!2r3.33 tor the apiary complete.

Also, there arises another item of expense in
the loss of hoaej' entailed by tran.sferring, and
the loss of 3 colonies in the same operation .
Thus, I started with 11 colonies and got U
swarms, so would have 20 colonies in box-
hives. I have averaged about 50 pounds sur-
plus honey per colony for the past 3 years,
and have ready sale for all the chunk honey I
can produce at 12'._. cents per pound. So that
even if none of theswarms had given any sur-
plus. I would have 550 pounds of honey, or
?6S.?5. Instead of which I have It'i colonies,
and 2 of the transferred colonies had to feed 25
pounds of syrup for winter supplies, and I
got only ?10 worth of surplus honey ; thereby
losing .*.5S.T5. making the total expense for
apiary, ?;i3.S. IS. Had I continued to use box-
hives the expense would have been ml.

Thus, you will readily see that not many
farmers (and they are the people that will be
generally found using box-hives) can contem-
plate the expense of buying modern hives and
all the many necessary appliances they entail
with any degree of equanimity. You will un-
derstand that I expect it to pay mr well (not-
withstanding the expense), or I should not
have entered on the necessary expense for the
next 3 years. But most users of the box-hives
couldn't, and wouldn't, stand the expense,
even if they knew that they would double or
treble their honey crop.

So as I began so must I end — the expeiise en-
tailed in using modern hives and appliances
is responsible for the continued use of the
despised "box.''

A Bee-Keeper in Virginia.

Augusta Co., Va., Oct. 26.

45A26t Flease mentioa the Bee Journal.

For Thanksgiving Day

a rate of one fare and a third for the
round trip has been authorized to
points within 150 miles on the Nickel
Plate Road, good returning^ to and in-
cluding Nov. 30, 1903. La Salle Street
Passenger Station, Chicago, Cor. Van
Buren and La Salle Streets, on the El-
evated Loop. City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams Street and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 27— 44A4t

20,000 Pounds

White Alfalfa Honey for sale. Address
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ofrdea, Utah.
46Atf Please mention the Bee Jo'jrnal.

WANTED. COMB HONBY— Wehaveanunlim-
ited demand at the rig-hi price. Address, giving-
quantity, average weig-bt per case, quality and
price, properly crated, and delivered to your
depot. THOS. C. STANLEY & SON,

Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
^«»aae mention Bee Joomai "wtien 'wrlttne

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY", any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping^-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-43 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio,
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— Comb Honey in guantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, qualitv and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien ■writina.

CONVENTION NOFICES.

ChlcQjfo-Northwestern.— The regular annual
meeting of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Koom, southeast corner of North
Clark and Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3, 1''03. The Revere
Ilouse has made a rate of "Seems per person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on the American plan at $2
per day. Owing to the Revere House furnishing
FREE a place tor holding our meeting, we feel
that all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention. Dr. C.C.Miller, Er-
nest R. Rojt, W.Z.Hutchinson, Emerson T.
Abbott, N. E. France, Inspector J. Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and HuberH. Root have signi6ed
their intention to be present. Pin this in your
hat. There will be one of the best meetings
ever held in Chicago. Everybody come.

Herman F. Moore, Sec.

George W. York, Pres.

P. S.— It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
Utile appliances as they have that are consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.

Colorado. -The 24th annual meeting of the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Hall, Van-
ver, Colo., Nov. 23, 24 and 25, 1*^03. An unusu.
ally fine program has been prepared. One oi
the features will be a display of hives, supers
and frames manufactured in Colorado. Th =
attendance of all Colorado bee-keepars is earn^
estly solicited. Write for program to

Boulder, Colo. H. C. Morehouse, Sec.

Minnesota. — The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis. Minn., Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and 3, at the First Unitarian Church, on the
corner of 8th St. and Mary Place (midway be-
tween Hennepin and Nicollet Aves.) Go in on
the Mary Place side. Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when you purchase
tickets, and those living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one third fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those living in Wisconsin, Iowa,
and the Dakotas. Dr. L. D. Leonard, Sec.

Wm. Russell, Pres.

Missouri.— The Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in Lees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer-
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
yon can return for '3 fare.

W. F. Cary, Sec. J. W.. Rouse, Pres.

Canada —The annual meeting of the Ontario
Bee Keepers' Association will be held in the
Town Hall of Trenton, Ont., Tuesdav, Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec 1, 2 and 3, 1003, begin-
ning at 2 p.m. on Tuesday, On the program are
the following:

"The Advantages of Out-Apiaries; How,
When and Whereto Move Them," by B. O.Lott;
** Shook Swarms," by Morley Pettit; '"The
Benefits of Organization and the Extension of
the Markets," by F. W. Hodsou, of the Agricnl-
tural Department; " On the Storing of Comb
Honey," and *■' Experiments in the Preparation
of Vinegar from Honey," by Prof. Frank S.
Shutt;" "Address on Experiments," bv John
Fixter, of the Experimental Farm. There will
also b an address by Prof. James, Deputy
Minister of Agriculture of Ontario. A report
of the Ontario Honey Exchange will be given
and discussed. Messrs. Morley Pettit and C.
W. Post will have charge of the Question
Drawer. The evening of Dec. 2d will occur the
annual banquet.

Persons having any new or practical inven-
tions are invited to bring them to the conven-
tion and place them on exhibition to show their
practical uses. There will be a place for show-
ing these articles.

All persons going to the convention should
purchase a full-fare single ticket from the
agent at starting point, and get a standard cer-
tificate, and if sufficient attend and hold these
certificates, the retnrn fare will be one-third,
according to the arrangements made with the
different railway companies, or, if under 50,
two-thirds single fare.

The leading hotels— the Bleecker House, St.
Lawrence Hall, and the Hotel Aberdeen— will
give a rate of one dollar per day.

A very cordial invitation is extended to all
persons interested in bee-keeping to attend and
take part in the discussions.

Streetsville, Ont. W. Couse, Sec.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

)

Chicago, Not. 7.— The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are bein^ forced, so that it is
a little difficult to i^ive accurate 6^ures. Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything' over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower. Extracted, white, brings 6®~iic, ac-
cording to kind, flavor and package; amber,
^'v<S)i>iic. Beeswax, 28@30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 9. — Honey arriving very
freely the last week and prices little easier.
This month is best month in the year for de-
mand of comb honey. We quote fancy white,
16wl7c; No. 1, 14@15c: buckwheat, fancy, ISc.
Extracted, white, 7(a8c; amber, bfwTc. Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission. Wm. a. Selser.

Alhanv, N. Y., Not. 7.— Honey demand and
price keeps up remarkably well yet. Fancy
white, 16c: A No. 1, white, ISc; No. 1, 14^@lScj
mixed, 13i..(.i 14c; buckwheat, UMmuc. Ex-
tracted, dark, 65ic; mixed, 6^«@7c: white,
7@7)ic; but not as active as comb. Beeswax,
30c. H.R.Wright.

Cincinnati, Not. 7— The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from S%(05Hc; in cans about ^ cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6(ai«>5 cents; white cloTer,
6^i(gJ7Vfic. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows; Fancy water-
white, 14f(al5c .Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

BtjFFALO, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from traTel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy while comb, 14@15c; A No. 1, 13M
@14c; No. 1, 13@13^^c; No. 2. 12@12^c; No. 3,
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@l2c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6H&lc; amber, 6'StHc; dark.

S>i(ai6c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Oct.'S.— Comb honey continues to be
in good demand. Fancy white honey in cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c; glass-front rases
fancy white, at 15c; No. 2, at 14c. Extracted
honey, Florida. 6>^@7Mc, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & I/BE.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, par case. $3.00; No. 1,
white and amber, J2.75; No. 2, $2.50. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, S(3)6c. Beeswax, 25@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 1.— Comb and extracted
honey are coming in freely, and the demand is
good with steady prices. We are making sales
at the following prices: Amber extracted at
SK@65^c; white clover, 0>«@7"^c. Fancy comb
honey, ISc. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. MnTH Co.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honev is arriTing
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@14c for No.
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet,
and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat decfSning and selling
at present at from 28(a29c per pound.

Hildreth & Segelkbn.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13!aii4 cents; amber. 'Jfijnc. Extracted,
white, SH(ait,}ic; light amber, 5@5Sc; amber,
4M®5c; dark amber, 4@4itc. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, Z7ii@i2''c; dark, 2S(a26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to Talue.
Spot stocks and oSEerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the only kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from bu.yer?-. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

WANTED !'^^^'5^);B HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W.Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

752

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 19, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
Id the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us yo«
>vill not be disappointed.
Vl^e are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of oar ^oods at catalog- prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

•▼ ▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

Please mentioii Bee Journal 'wlxen 'nTitm&.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of it If you work
for U8. Uncle Sam's poultry product paya
that Bom. Send lOc for Bamplee and partJc-
ularB. We furnish capital to start you In

boAlne&s. Draper PabllBbliiKCo.,Ch)caKo,IU.

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a ha,rd
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needleof the pen
are made of piatina, alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
Atrm 'Width at all times
they are unequaled lor
ruling purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

I9,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send two new scbscribers
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $2.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mall the pen
alone. Address,

'"t"ep''"°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Brie St., Chicago, UK

Hives, Sections, Foundation,

etc. We can save you money. Send list of ^oods
wanted and let us quote you prices. ROOT'S
GOODS ONLY. Send for Catalog-.

M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich.

'ii'iJ^iAjiiJ'i^je,jg,je..is,jiijAjAja,ja,.ig,jg,^^

26111
year

Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction.

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCBSS SMEBTINQ.'

Why

HnP4 it Sf^ll eft \X/f»ll V Because it has always crimen better satlo-
UUC& IL &CI1 S>0 wen r faction thau any other. Because lo as year*

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS ♦<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Re^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co.^ Ill

Please mention Bee Jotimal whan writing.

BEST

ExiraGled Honey For Sale !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey ^C

This is the famous
White Extracted Honej
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin carjs holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can (fiSc $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) (a"7;4c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7>ic price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can «(9c $ 5.40

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESWAX WANTED— We are paying 28 cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONE Y. JARS — Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
14.4 East Brie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

TheChicago=Northwestern Convention-Dec. 2 and 3, 1903

Bee JournaiS

Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO., 144 £ 146 E, Erie Street

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., NOV. 26, 1903.

No. 48.

754

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEIKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

i Second-

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

i)R.C.C.Mii,i,ER, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Sabscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, ia the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
— i—^ a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It ia
X fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding is neces.
larr.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 A 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
4(i Atf Please mention the Bee Jo-irnal.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mall sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.

2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— Comb Honey in guantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning- as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantitv, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien writine*

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Nov. 7.— The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give accurate figures. Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower. Extracted, white, brings 6@7J^c, ac-
cording to kind, flavor and package; amber,
5i^@oMc. Beeswax, 28@30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 9.— Honey arriving very
freely the last week and prices little easier.
This month is best mouth in the year for de-
mand of comb honey. We quote fancy white,
16ra'17c; No. 1, 14@-15c: buckwheat, fancy, 15c.
Extracted, white, "(aSc; amber, b#7c. Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission. Wm. a, Selser.

Albany, N. Y., Nov. 7.— Honey demand and
price keeps up remarkably well yet. Fancy
white, 16c: A No. 1, white, 15c; No. 1, 14^@15c;
mixed, 13V2(ai4c; buckwheat, 13>^@14c. Ex-
tracted, dark, 6Hc; mixed, 6^@7c; white,
^(Sk1%c\ but not as active as comb. Beeswax,
30c. H.R.Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 20.— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold In single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at 5^4^ t>!^c. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7H@»^c, according
to quality. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it dues not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi'e comb, 14@lSc; A No. 1, 13K
(gtUc; No. 1, 13@13Mc; No. 2. 12f&12^c; No. 3,
ll(&12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6H®7c; amber, 6@6^c; dark,
Z%mc. Beeswax, 28(gi30c.

W. C. Townsend.

Boston, Oct/8.— Comb honey continues to be
In good demaad. Fancy white honey In cartons
we quote at 18c; No. 1, at 16c; glass-front rases
fancy white, at 16c; No. 2, at 14c. Extracted
honey, Florida, 6V2@7>6c, according to quality.
Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb. 24 sections, per case. $300; No. 1,
white and amber, J2.75; No. 2, $2.50. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(<i'6c. Beeswax, 25(S30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 7 — The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
.Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from SM@S}^c\ in cans about % cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@6!^ cents; white clover,
6^.i'@7Hc. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Faucv water-
white, 14@15c .Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now, and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy while, 13(an4c for No.
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet,
and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruliag about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 2Sfm2'Jc per pound.

Hildreth & Segeleen.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb,
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9@llc. Extracted,
white, 5H@()%c; light amber, 5@55^c; amber,
4J^@5c; dark amber, 4@4Hc. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27J^@2'Jc; dark, 25@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the only kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyer--. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

lo-drip shipptng-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred vV.Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

CONVENTION NOIICES.

Chicago-Northwestern.— The regular annual
meeting of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in the Revere
House Club-Room, southeast corner of North
Clark and Michigan Sts., on Wednesday and
Thursday, Dec. 2 and 3, 1903. The Revere
House has made a rate of 75 cenis per person
per night for lodging, when two occupy a room.
Meals, 35 cents, or on the American plan at $2
per day. O wing to the Revere House furnishing
FREE a place for holding our meeting, we feel
that all who can do so should patronize them
during the Convention. Dr. C. C. Miller, Er-
nest R. Root, W. Z. Hutchinson, Emerson T.
Abbott, N. E. France, Inspector J. Q. Smith.
Jas. A. Stone and Huber H. Root have signified
their intention to be present. Pin this in your
hat. There will be one of the best meetings
ever held in Chicago. Everybody come.

Herman F. Moore, Sec.

Georgb W. York, Pres.

P. S.— It has been suggested that bee keepers
bring with them samples of honey, and such
little appliances as they have that are consid-
ered handy to work with in the apiary.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 22, ri03, at 10 a.m. This will
be the regular business meeting of the Society
for electing officers, payment of annual dues,
and any other business which may come before
this meeting. Annual dues. $1.0o, which also
includes a membership In the State and Na-
tional Associations. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

F. P. Jansen, Pres.

Minnesota.— The Minnesota Bee-Keepers* As-
sociation will hold its annal meeting at Minne-
apolis, Minn., Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
2 and 3, at the First Unitarian Church, on the
corner of 8th St. and Mary Place (midway be-
tween Hennepin and Nicollet Aves.) Go in on
the Mary Place side. Procure certificates from
your local railroad agents when you purchase
tickets, and those living in Minnesota can re-
turn for one third fare, and we hope to secure
the same for those living in Wisconsin, Iowa,
and the Dakotas. Dr. L. D. Leonard, Sec.

Wm. Russell, Pres.

Missouri. — The Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in tees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer-
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
you can return for 'j fare.

W. F. Cary, Sec. J. W.-Rouse, Pres.

Canada —The annual meeting of the Ontario
Bee Keepers' Association will be held in the
Town Hall of Trenton, Ont., Tuesday, Wednes-
day and Thursday, Dec. 1, 2 and 3, 1903, begin-
ning at 2 p.m. on Tuesday. On the program are
the following:

*'The Advantages of Out-Apiaries; How,
When and Whereto Move Them," by B. O.Lott;
"Shook Swarms," by Morley Pettit; "The
Benefits of Organizaiion and the Extension of
the Markets," by F. W. Hodson, of the Agricul-
tural Department; ■** Ou the Storing of Comb
Honey," and *' Experiments in the Preparation
of Vinegar from Honev," by Prof. Frank S.
Shutt;" "Address on Experiments," bv John
Fixter, of the Experimental Farm. There will
also b an address by Prof. James, Deputy
Minister ot Agriculture of Ontario. A report
of the Ontario Honey Exchange will be given
and discussed. Messrs. Morley Pettit and C.
W, Post will have charge of the Question
Drawer. The evening of Dec. 2d will occur the
annual banquet.

Persons having any new or practical inven-
tions are invited to bring them to the conven-
tion and place them on exhibition to show thetr
practical uses. There will be a place for show-
ing these articles.

All persons going to the convention should
purchase a full-fare single ticket from the
agent at starting point, and get a standard cer-
tificate, and if sufficient attend and hold these
certificates, the return fare will be one-third,
according to the arrangements made with the
different railway companies, or, if under 50,
two-thirds single fare.

The leading hotels— the Bleecker House, St.
Lawrence Hall, and the Hotel Aberdeen— will
give a rate of one dollar per day,

A very cordial invitation is extended to all
presons interested in bee-keeping to attend and
take part in the discussions.

Streetsville, Ont. "W. Couse, Sec.

- <:.C3^£^^°AlW

\z out

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, NOV. 26, 1903,

No. 48.

c

Editorial Comments

]

The National Bee-Keepers' Association.

General Manager France, we leai-n, is preparing a very elaborate
Anaual Keport, which will be mailed to members early in December.
He has done an immense amount of work in the interest of bee-keep-
ing and bee-keepers all over our country. Already there is a member-
ship of over 1600. This ought to be made 3000 by Jan 1. Why not?
Surely, there ought to be 400 among the readers of the American Bee
Journal alone that would join during the next month 1 We will be
glad to receive and forward the dues ISI.OO) for any who wish to send
to us when renewing subscriptions. Mr. France reports that " mem-
bers are joining fast now." Two joined in Texas at the close of a
lawsuit in which the Association won — as it usually does.

The forthcoming Annual Report of the General Manager will tell
all about the work done by the Association during 1003. It will be
mailed only 10 members. So, if you want a copy, and also desire to
cast your vote in the election held in December (next month), you
will need to send your dollar in at once, if not now a member. IE you
prefer, cend dues to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

There are in the neighborhood of 30,000 bee-keepers who are sub-
scribers to bee-papers in America. And yet only about 1 in 20 of them
is a member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association. It it were 1 in
10 the membership would be 3,000. It seems to us that it ought to be
an easy matter to get 1 in 10 to become members, especially when the
Association is doing such good work in the interest of all bee-keepers.
In view of such work, does it look right — is it right — that 1600 should
bear all the expense for 700,000, which is the number of bee-keepers
reported by the last census?

We wish that every reader of the American Bee Journal were a
member of the National Bee-Keepers' Association. We are not asking
anything in this for ourselves. Only that the bee-keepers might more
generally help themselves, and the whole beekeeping industry, by be-
coming members of their National Association.

How to Drive Hive Staples.

When driving staples to fasten a hive-bottom to a hive, one can
do it in a right way or a wrong way. The object is to have the hive
so fastened to the body that there shall not be the least chance for the
hive to slide back and forth on the bottom. If the staples are driven
in straight up and down, unless there bfc an exceedingly tight fit there
will be at least a little chance for the hive to slide back and forth.
Four staples should be used, driven into the sides, near the ends, and
the two staples on one side should be slanted in opposite directions,
with the same amount of slant. Then there will be no chance for the
hive to slide on the bottom.

Salt and Lime for Bees.

" Salt and air-slaked lime should be put convenient to bees," says
ihe Australian Bee-Bullttin. The partiality of bees for salt is well
known, but isn't the lime a new suggestion' What do the bees do
with it, Mr. Tipper?

Don't Neglect Your Drone-Breeders.

Too many bee-keepers pay little or no attention to the improve-
ment of their stock, allowing the bees to swarm pretty much at their
own will, the swarming settling the matter of the new queens that
are reared. Of those that make some effort at selecting, probably the
majority look out for the queens alone, paying no attention whatever
to the matter of drones. It should be remembered that it is just as
important to have a good father as to have a good mother. Decide
now a certain proportion of your colonies which are best, breed
queens from the best one, and rear drones from the others.

Late Fliglits Before Cellaring Bees.

The rule sometimes given as to the time of putting bees in cellar—
a rule perfect in theory, but not always easily put in practice — is to
put them in immediately after the last flight they will have before
winter sets in for good. Speaking of this. Editor Hutchinson says in
the Bee-Keepers' Review :

While I would leave them as long as I thought there was a reason-
able chance for having another flight, I don't attach so very much im-
portance to these extra-late flights. After the bees have settled down
for their winter nap, they are consuming very little honey. The mat-
ter of two weeks does not use up much honey.

True, the matter of two weeks does not use up much honey, but
if bees consume twice as much on the summer stands as in the cellar,
that two weeks is equivalent to four weeks' consumption in the cellar.
It may also be said that bees in the cellar do not consume an enormous
amount in four weeks; but there is another way to look at it. The
trying time of confinement comes in early spring ; not because it is
spring, but because of the length of confinement. The bees have been
confined so long that two weeks more will mean disease, four weeks
more disaster. It is the last end of the confinement that tells— the last
straw that breaks the camel's back. Now, please remember that two
weeks more on the summer stands without an after flight practically
adds two to four more weeks' confinement ut tite last end, and that two
weeks will seem no trifling matter.

The Weeds of Ontario.

This is the title of Bulletin No. 94, issued by the Ontario Agricul-
tural College, at Toronto, Out. It contains about 100 pages, written
by Prof. F. C. Harrison, and revised by Prof. Wm. Lockhead. In the
introduction to this revised edition, we find these words:

" On account of the increasing demand for information regarding
wenl-setds, it was deemed advisable to incorporate into this revised
bulletin some information regarding the identification of the common
weed-seed impurities which are found in commercial clover and tim-
othy seed. A few additional weeds are described, and the meUioils of
eradimtUin are in many cases given in greater detail.''

It is a very interesting pamphlet, and should be of immense value
to the farmers of Ontario.

It says: -'A weed has been defined as any plant out of place;
and in that sense, a wheat-plant in a field of turnips is a weed." From
this view, we suppose, the following is said concerning one of the
bes' honey-plants in the world:

Sweet Clovf.k (.VeHlotiis alba). — The white sweet clover is a
very common plant in vacant grounds and neglected fields about cities
andalbng roadsides. It is a tall, rank-growing plant, and thrives best
on heavy clay soils. It may be classed among the weeds, inasmuch
as it grows where it is not wanted, but it can not be considered a nox-
ious weed. As a soil-former, sweet clover is a valuable plant. It
roots deeply, and is a nitrate producer. With the aid of the rains and

756

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

frosts it gradually mellows the soil of unproductive clay, and makes it
fit for cultivation.

It is a biennial. The shoots of the first year's growth are tender,
and are valued in the South as fodder for stock, but those of the sec-
ond year are tough, fibrous, and branching, and bear the flowers
which are very attractive to honey-bees. Id some districts sweet
clover is grown extensively by apiculturists. The number of seeds
produced every year by each plant is very large. Experience shows
that sweet clover is not difficult to control. It grows altogether from
the seed. If seeding is prevented by cutting down the plants at blos-
soming time, very few plants will make their appearance the following
season.

__ Although a fodder-plant in the South, sweet clover is not relished
by stock in Ontario. On account of the tough, fibrous structure of
the second year's growth, there is a possibility that the plant may in
a few years be grown for the manufacture of binder-twine, etc.

Should it be proven that sweet clover can be profitably used for
making twine, surely here will be something that has long been looked
for by bee-keepers — a plant that has value aside from the nectar which
it yields.

If we remember correctly, sweet clover seed is valuable for certain
purposes.

Who knows but the much-despised sweet clover will yet win its
way to power and fame!

Pick Out Youp Breeders Now.

"Breed from the best "is a pretty safe motto," and it maybe
better now than later to decide which the best are. If you have made
no definite record of the performance of each colony, by the time you
want to start queen-rearing next year you may have only a hazy re-
membrance of it. So it is better to defer your decision no longer, and
after having made the decision you should put it down in black and
white, or else mark in some way the hive that contains your best
queen. Also mark several others of the next best. Something may
happen to your best queen, so that you will want to use the next best,
and in any case you will want to know several of your best colonies
which are to be encouraged to rear drones, drone-rearing being dis-
couraged in other colonies.

Weighing Colonies.

If you want to weigh your colonies before leaving them to their
winter's repose, you can do it by means of a platform scale, but it is a
quicker job to use a spring balance. Suppose you have decided that
before going into the cellar each 8-frame hive with its contents, cover,
and bottom-board must weigh at least 40 pounds. A rope is slipped
over the hive in some way — if you have cleats on the ends an endless
rope is passed under each cleat — the hook of the spring balance sup-
ports the rope, and a tough stick used as a lever supports the spring
balance, the short arm of the lever resting on a light frame-work of
sufficient elevation.

It may not be necessary to weigh all the hives. Hefting may an-
swer for most of them. Practice will help to decide by hefting when
a hive weighs considerably more than 40 pounds, and such a hive does
not need to be weighed.

The use of a little more strength, however, will enable one
actually to weigh all and do it expeditiously. Have the spring bal-
ance supported by a broad strap about the neck, and you can lift the
hive by the spring balance just about as easily as you can heft it.
Have an assistant to call off the weight. Lift slowly, and whenever
the index of the balance passes the 40-pound mark, the assistant calls
out " Stop," thus saving unnecessary lifting. Of course, the same
principles will apply if some other weight than 40 be the limit. When
thus weighing, it may be convenient to use a long staff or stick to
help balance or support one.

Selecting Colonies for Next Year's Breeding.

Not a colony, but colonies ; for it is not safe to depend upon a
single queen — she may die — and several colonies are wanted for drone-
rearing. At first thought it may seem a very simple thing to make
the selection : Suppose No. 17 stored the past season the most sur-
plus, 200 pounds; No. 33 stored 180 pounds; Nos. 85, 64, 94 stored,
respectively, 176, 173, and 160 pounds; these being the best in the
apiary, so why not rear queens next year from No. 17, and drones from
the others? Well, it isn't so simple a matter as that. In spite of the
superior yield of No. 17, it may be that it would be better to rear
queens from either of the other four. It may be that No. 17 super,
seded its queen late in the season, and that the new queen has met a
very inferior drone, so that next year the colony may do only mediocre
work. You may as well take some time to the matter. Sit down one

of these long evenings with your memoranda before you, and give the
matter the attention which its importance merits.

First, make a list of colonies giving the largest yields, putting
them in the order of their superiority. If one of them has changed
(|ueens during the season, that throws it out of the count, although if
the change was made very early in the season the colony may be en-
titled to some consideration. It may be that one giving an extra
yield had in some way an extra chance, as by having brood or bees
given to it. It may be that brood or bees were taken from it, for
which allowance should be made. The record of previous years should
be noted. A colony with a good record for two seasons is better than
one with a record for only one season, always supposing that the same
queen has run through the two seasons.

If comb honey is the object, it is worth while to note whether a
colony has done good work in finishing up sections that are nice and
white in every respect.

All these things should be carefully considered along with gentle-
ness, inclination to swarm, etc., and the choice made accordingly ; and
it is better to make that choice now than later.

Zinc for Hive-Covers.

This is favored by some. More expensive at the start, but it lasts,
and there is no question as to its being rain-proof. If itwilllasta
goodly number of years without paint; it may in the long run be the
cheapest thing that can be satisfactorily used.

Miscellaneous Items

Mrs. Blorrill Dunn, of Chicago, read a short paper on bees at
her residence on Nov. 5, to a group of young women who had formed
a literary and social club. Through the kindness of Mr. Whitney (of
Brookside Apiary, in Wisconsin), and a Chicago friend, she was en-
abled to show a complete hive, several combs, and a queen-bee with
attendant workers. The properties were very interesting, and helped
those who had read Maeterlinck's book to place things; and awoke
great interest in those who had not a faint understanding of the won-
derful system belonging to the most marvelous little creatures the
world has to show.

The Minnesota Convention, which meets Dec. 2 and 3, in the

First Unitarian Church, cor. 8th St. and Mary Place, Minneapolis, has
a most excellent program. Every bee-keeper of that great State should
" get there," if at all possible. Among the papers and subjects to be
read and discussed are these :

Wintering Bees Outdoors in Manitoba — Dr. C. M. Vanstone.

What is the Best Way of Extracting to Prevent Increase and to
Get the Largest Amount of Comb Honey? — N. P. Aspinwall.

Pickling with Honey-Vinegar and Honey — Miss Mary Moeser.

Out-Apiaries and " Shook " Swarms — F. A. Gray.

Co-operation Among Bee-Keepers — Walter R. Ansell and S. Lin-
dersmith.

A Ramble on the Pacific Coast with a Little About Bees and Bee-
Keepers' Conventions— Mrs. H. G. Acklin.

Some Reminiscences in Bee-Keeping — J. P. West.

Bee-Keeping from a Woman's Standpoint — Mrs. W. 8. Wingate.

Queen-Rearing — G. R. Frye and F. A. Crowell.

Honey Exhibit at the Minnesota State Fair— N. S. Gordon, Supt.

How to Produce a Fancy Grade of Comb Honey — Dr. E. K. Jaques.

Anatomy of the Honey- Bee, andBeeandFire Blight (Pear Blight) —
F. L. Washburn, State Entomologist.

Bee-Keeping as a Side-Line — Geo. A. Forgerson.

Transferring Bees from Logs to Modern Hives, and Getting Rid
of Kobber-Bees — Wm. Cairncross.

Pour-Piece Sections are advocated by Editor Hutchinson,
and he thinks the time now ripe for some one to make a specialty of
their manufacture, and push them.

California Bee-Keeping is thus commented upon by our
good friend, Mr. W. A. Pryal, of San Francisco Co., Calif., in a letter
dated Nov. 11 :

Dear Mr. York: — The reports of the Los Angeles convention, as
given in the American Bee .Journal, have been interesting me of late.
Last week I read that part devoted to the talk by " I'ncle Amos," and
this week I was an attentive reader of the reminiscences of Mr. Harbi-

Nov. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

757

son. or a good deal of th.: latter's work with bees in this Slate I have
been familiar, as I, some time aiico, collected all the information I
could about the early history of bees into this State. 1 am tjlad he
was " drawn out," as he had heretofore kept his " li^rht hidden under
a bushel.'' Little has he [,'iven to bee-keepers since he i)ul)ished his
book, the " Bee-Keepers' Itireetory." He has been a great bee-keeper,
and it is loo bad for the fraternity that he did not do more writing,
especially for the bee-papers. His book was a good one. While it is

out of print, I have
seen a few copies of it
around some of the sec-
ond-hand book-shops.
That is where I pro-
cured my copy, as well
as one for a friend.

1 notice, that Mr.
Harbison came to this
Slate in ls.>J, the year
my father came, I be-
lieve. Both were en-
gaged in the sauje busi-
ness, my father being
located at first in San
Francisco, and after-
ward in Alameda coun-
H', then what were por-
tions of Contra Costa
or Santa Clara counties.
.Mr. H.'s remarks about
t'etting $1.00 a pound
for honey reminds me
of some of the early
settlers telling me that
ibev saw a single peach
sold for SI. 00. My
father told me that he
^old ordinary varieties
(if.'roses in the .Ws, in
I his city, for $10 the
plant. Strawberries
sold for more than $1
a pound in the early
w. A I'KVAL. days. All this seems

strange to us Califor-
nians of the present day, when fruit Is about the most common prod-
uct of the soil we have, and can, at times, be had tor almost nothing.
And here honey has sold for less than it does in any portion of the
world, in all probability.

Mr. Harbison voiced splendid advice when he called for the plant-
ing of honey-secreting plants. I have contended for a quarter of a
century — it begins to make me feel old when I speak of such a long
period of time — for the planting of honey-producing trees and plants.
It was in 1S?T, I believe, I drew attention to the fact that the eucalyp-
tus was a great honey-producing tree. This fact may have been noted
by others before I mentioned it in the bee-papers. I am glad that the
tree is now fully recognized as a boon to apiarists.

I firmly believe that alfalfa will be one of our great honey-plants
scattered all over the State. I tind that it is now growing in all man-
ner of out-of-the-way places. Birds and other animals are sowing the
seed far and near. In time it will be found growing wild on the
highest hill-tops, as well as in the valleys. I find it growing in the
most unlooked-for places in Alameda and San Francisco counties. It
behooves bee-keepers to scatter the seed by roadsides and other places,
which will then become distributing centers, so to speak. A good
place to sow the seed is well up in the hills and mountains near a
stream. In this way the seed from the plants that will thus come into
existence, will work their way downward and edge the stream with a
garland of alfalfa for the bees to revel in — first, away up on the hill-
side (if it is a sunny exposure), and later in the valley below.

There is no doubt in my mind but the whole of California is a big
bee-garden. The central and northern portions of the State have the
advantage, owing to the fact that they are better supplied with rain-
falls. While as much water-white honey may not be produced north-
ward at present. I believe the time is not far off when color in honey
will not cut much of a figure so long as the article is of good flavor.
To my notion, some of the amber-colored honey I have tasted sur-
passed any of the so-called white honeys.

We are having nice rains. They came late this season. The grass
on the hills and valleys is shooting up rapidly. If you were here now
you would not find things as parched as they were when you were
here in August — in the middle of our dry season. Mind you, when
you saw some of the lower counties you saw but a very .■<mall portion
of our great State. .lust remember there are some valleys that are
green the year around. There is the Pajaro valley, about loO miles
south of here, in Santa Cruz and .Monterey counties, that is as verdant
the year around as the Emerald Isle, and where the fine apples that
tickle the palates of Londoners are shipped from, to a great extent.
Then its strawberries and other small fruits are favorities in the San
Francisco markets. 'Tis a great producer of sugar-beets, butler,
cheese, etc. Then portions of Humboldt county has its rich valleys
that never fail of crops. While the rainfall of the south end of the
State may be five inches, the precipitation in that County nray, as it
often does, amount uji to so or 90 inches. Wonderful things happen
in California!

Then along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers there are vast
tracts of land where wonderful crop-yields are harvested annually. In
these valleys bees are not known to die of starvation, so I have been
told. But once in a while they have been drowned by overflows.

In mentioning the eucalyptus I may say, in passing, that I found

the inclosed clipping in the editorial columns of this morning's San
Francisco Call. Yours very eincerelv,

W. A. Pryal.
The clipping mentioned by Mr. Pryal reads as follows :

TIMBEIt AND BBB-FEEU.

The Pacific Fruit World turns to the varieties of eucalyptus tree
to insure in California the amount of bloom necessary for bee-feed.
The honey-industry Is a large one. Sometimes the fields do not sullioe
to make what is considered a full crop. How is this defect to be
reu)Bdiedf The Fruit World says simply that the planting of a
proper number of eucalyptus trees is all that is requisite.

There is something novel in the proposition to cover the land
with trees of the size of the lofty eucalyptus to serve the minute,
buzzing honey-makers. It does not follow from this suggestion, that
because the idea is new, it is not practicable. Indeed, the Fruit World
cites facts that are at least interesting in support of its scheme.

There are a sufficient number of varieties of eucalyptus known to
California to provide blooms during every season in greater or less
quantity. When the flower-bearing plants and shrubs fail to contrib-
ute their full quota of nectar, the eucalyptus would be invaluable, so
estimates the Fruit World. " It is possible," says the editor of the
journal, " to make such planting of eucalyptus trees as to secure from
them a succession of bloom which will, in addition to their use as
fuel, give ranges for the honey -gatherers."

The Eucalyptus callophylla and the Eucalyptus acemenoides are
in flower from .luly to October. The first-named is the bearerof white,
blossoms. The Eucalyptus cornuta, which is well known by its atliu-
euce of yellow fiowers. follows closely after the callophylla in time of
blossoming. The Eucalyptus corymbrosia has the same season prac-
tically. The Eucalyptus exima, a low-growing tree, reigns florally
from Septeiuber to December. The Eucalyptus punctata, famed for
withstanding drouth, is an October bloomer. The most brilliant of
the euealptus family is the ficifolia, but its season is short. On tlie
adobe hills the rudis thrives. At all seasons the occidentalis proclaims
its name through its crimson adornments. Then there are the Leli
mellidora, that is rich in honey; the lehmani, the paniculata.

Seeds and trees, it is said, are available to start all the plantations
that may be required. The eucalyptus has retained its popularity
variously in this State during many years.

Tall groves make wind-breaks to shield orchards of deciduous and
citrus fruits in many localities. Long avenues of shade attest its
desirability in another use. Stout cord-wood it makes to enhance the
joys of home, as it is consigned to the open grate. Medicinal qualities
inhere in it, and many men bless its oil. It has been employed to
furnish material for cleansing the interiors of steam-boilers. Now,
humming through the ambrosial air of California, the nectar-gather-
ing bee may add its note of cheerful praise for the boquets of flowers
raised high above arid lands by the eucalyptus' aspiring and mast-
like trunk as a source of a table dainty.

The above is right in line with Prof. Cook's article on another
page. Wherever the famous eucalyptus will grow, we should think
that bee-keepers would aid in planting it. Its honey is delicious, of
excellent flavor, thick in body, though rather dark in color. But as
Mr. Pryal well says, color in honey will be of less importance as time
goes on. Color in honey is now, and has been, a fad which we are
certain will pass away like many another senseless fad.

A Califoi-nia Trip Correction comes from Wisconsin, in the
following:

Dear Brother York: — Didn't that coyote "convention," the
altitude, heat, " Max Jenney's talk," or something, gel you a little
" mixed " when you announced in the American Bee .Journal of Oct.
1st, that you traveled through the New Mexico desert after leaving Wil-
liams, and through the Arizona desert after leaving the Needles, on
your way to Los Angeles ' Have traveled over the Santa Fe route four
limes, and never found it thus. Perhaps there has been a big earth-
quake since I was there. It used to be Arizona from Williams to
Needles, and California the rest of the way to the coast. Don't won-
der "Max'' failed to tell you that that ^50 miles of the worst deserty
kind of desert, from Needles to San Bernardino, was all California^
beautiful, " blooming '' California— or that you failed to discover it for
yourself. Why, I lived in San Bernardino County more than three
years before I discovered it, or even knew that it was all San Bernar-
dino County from Needles to Los Angeles I There are some big things
in California besides trees and liars.

Your description of " Max " was particularly good. Did you hap-
pen ('.) to meet his twin brother, "The Real Estate .\gent!'' Of
course you did ; the deserts are full of him. You were not there long
enough to stc and learn everything. Still I have known people to stay
there less than a week and know It all, or lliinL- they did, when, in fact,
the amount they did nutknuw would have made a large encyclopedia.

There are some curious things growing in those deserts besides
yucca, cacti, horned-toads, etc. I am going to send you something I
"</)•(■ Hi" there, without any irrigating. I call it "A California Wel-
come." I hope you will excuse me for calling you " Brother," but,
the fact is, my husband is a bee-keeper, as was his father before him,
and bee-keeping seems to " run '' in the family.

An Ex-Californian, with a big X, Mart B. Hall

Yes, Mrs. Hall, you are right in your correction.
See page 7(52 for that " Welcome."

758

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

[ Convention Proceedin$s ]

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual

Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from pa^e 744.1
FOUL BROOD, BLACK BROOD, PICKLED BROOD.

Question— What is the difference in the symptoms of
foul brood and black brood in the appearance and develop-
ment of the diseases? Are they two distinct diseases, or
but one?

Mr. France— A comparison of foul brood and black
brood shows that foul brood always has that brown color, a
little darker than in healthy brood, the dead larvje of a
lig-ht color, and, as it is termed, ropy. At this stage, if you
run a match or toothpick into it, this dead larva; will draw
out with an elasticity like glue. And, by the way, it smells
like a furniture glue-pot. It has that old, disagreeable foul-
brood odor. If it were black brood it would be very much
darker, and the odor would be like a rotten, sour apple in an
old cider-mill. It is somewhat more of that nature. It at-
tacks the larvs earlier in the life of the bee, and those
affected turn a very dark brown, almost black, and die.
Now, I never knew foul brood to have that peculiar charac-
teristic, but when you go into it in the finer details, under
the magnifying glass, the germs of the diseases have a very
strong resemblance. They are each of them rod-like, and
each of them throws out spores, and thus propagates. In
that particular feature they seem to be alike. Il seems to
be a little harder in treatment. I believe I was the first to
go beyond Mr. McEvoy in the treatment of foul brood, cag-
ing the queen while making the treatment. I did have a
few cases where the colony was so dissatisfied that they
deserted their home and went into neighboring hives,
queens and all. They were fed liberally, and they stayed
away. I avoided that trouble by caging the queens. New
York bee-keepers have followed in the same line, treating
black brood as foul brood, and caging the queen, and havQ
even gone further and caged the queen for two days longer.
All that is necessary is to get the diseased honey out of the
hive into clean quarters.

_ Question— What is the cause of pickled or black brood ?
Is it contagious ?

Mr. France— I feel that this subject of pickled brood is
one of vital importance, because it has created in my own
State a great deal of anxiety, and it has been quite serious.
As to the cause of pickled brood, I have fully convinced my-
self what it is, and what causes it. In a little leaflet that
I issued for Wisconsin bee-keepers, I described black brood
and pickled brood. I do not know but I might as well read
this as to try to give it in any other form. Your season
here is earlier, so these dates would not correspond with
conditions here :

"The larval bees (in Wisconsin the last of May and
through June) show light-brown spots; a little later the
cappings have small holes, they are not sunken or dark-
colored as in foul brood. The dead bee will be at first swol-
len, with a black head, dried to a hard bunch, and often
turned up Chinaman-shoe like. The skin of the dead bee is
quite tough, and, if punctured, the thin, watery fluid of the
body will flow as freely as water, often a little yellow or
brownish colored from the dissolved pollen from the abdo-
men of the bee. It has very little or no smell, does not at
any time stick to the walls of the comb, is easily pulled out
of the cell, is never ropy or sticky, and, if the colony is
properly cared for, the bees will take care of themselves.
Plenty of liquid unsealed honey and pollen near the brood,
and hives so protected as to keep bees and brood comfort-
able on cold days and nights."

So much for pickled brood. Now, what causes it 7 Cold,
backward spring weather, when the bees can not get out
and fly, causing a shortage of food, is the cause of nine-
tenths of it in the State of Wisconsin. For instance, in

this State, last spring, you probably had some cold, back-
ward weather. Then came on beautiful weather, and
brood-rearing commenced, the honey-flow came on about
the time of the honey-flow, and pickled brood would appear.
That pickled brood may have started before you saw it. It
is lack of nourishment and care of the larval bees. Just
as we people first look out for our own stomachs, then those
of our neighbors', so these bees, if they can not get out to
work, will subsist upon the honey in the hive. There may
be lots of solid honey in the hive, but the brood may be
starved or chilled, and these conditions may produce a case
of foul brood, or, under these circumstances, pickled brood.
I do not believe a case of pickled brood ever produced a case
of foul brood, any more than diphtheria produces small-pox.

What shall we do to get rid of it ? Strengthen the bees
so that they will have an abundance of honey. That is all
there is to it. In one apiary where there were 80 colonies,
and they had foul brood in a colony, I took every other hive,
and simply gave those colonies an abundance of feed, and
let the others go as they were. In ten days time, the colo-
nies that were given the extra honey had carried out the
dead, but the others were dwindling down, and there was
more and more pickled brood. Then, in the same yard, I
cautioned the owner, just during the time between fruit-
bloom and clover, about ten days there that the bees do not
get any honey ; I said, " Don't you let them know anything
about that famine time. You feed them those ten days, so
that from the time there is no fruit-bloom there is some-
thing for them until the clover comes on." What was the
result in that apiary ? There is not a case of pickled brood
there.

I don't believe foul brood and pickled brood are alike.
Nor do I. believe that black brood and pickled brood are one
and the same. But there is another condition of affars tha
seems to corroborate it. I have had several samples, and
there is one here in this box. There is a condition that is
rather serious, and it has a similar appearance to foul brood
at some stage, but, owing to climatic conditions, or some-
thing, I have been unable to have an analysis that is to my
satisfaction, to know what you would call it. We must take
these conditions locally, and I would want to understand
your conditions here before I could do it satisfactorily, but
I believe you Western people will go after it and correct it.

How does it differ? Not so much brown, but more
nearly black. It bears down loosely, and you can touch the
comb up with a little pair of tweezers without any trouble.

Do the bees carry it out ? In some localities they do.
They say in Washington and Oregon the bees seem to carry
out a good deal of it.

A Member — We have a modification of foul brood here ;
the color is darker, but the substance is not very elastic, but
I have been thoroughly convinced that it is simply a modi-
fication. It is quite common here the last few years.

Prof. Cook — I have been very much interested in what
has been said here in regard to pickled brood. We had a
great deal of brood dying here in this way. I did not call it
pickled brood ; we called it a new bee-disease. We did not
have much of it. You have diagnosed it exactly, Mr.
France. I believe it was a case of starvation, or, any way,
malnutrition.

Question — I would like to ask, where Mr. France says
" contagious," if he means that it can be carried like chol-
era or yellow fever, or does he mean infectious, like carry-
ing some of the spores from an infected hive ? I would hive
them, and they would set along in a row near my barn ; as
I had no particular use of that I would allow them to re-
main them. I had a colony nearly perish with foul brood
before I discovered its presence, but had hives within 6
inches of it where foul brood never appeared ; but as I ar-
rested the progress of the disease by removing and burning
up the others, I concluded "contagious" did not apply, but
that it is infectious. I want to know whether he does mean
infectious.

Mr. France — His question was, " Do I think the germs
of foul brood float in the air, and in that way would infect
another colony ?" No, I do not. In that case, why would
not every cell in that comb be infected? I very seldom find
a comb where all the cells in the comb are infected, even
though some will have it in the last stages of the disease.
I have taken the stand where a good many have called me
down, but I am just as willing to be called down when I can
be proven to be in the wrong.

How fast, and what will spread the disease ? I contend
that the comb having the disease in certain cells, when
honey, larva:, pollen, or anything the bees deposit is put
into those cells, that material becomes infected. The next
cell may never have had foul brood in. It is contagious

Nov. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

759

only when it comes in contact with the disease. And brood-
combs are safe to use from a diseased colony where they
have gone up and stored their honey, and there has been no
brood reared in those combs. I believe there is no danger.
I will tell you what I did a few days before I left home to
come here. An apiary of b8 colonies, all of them with the
disease ; the hives were three or four stories high, extract-
ing combs above. It did seem a shame to destroy all those
combs. I said, " Don't do it. We will fumigate all of
these." But the ones below, where there was disease, I
said, "This is worth much more for beeswax, and we will
use some new sheets of foundation."

By the way, with a German wax-press, you can take
your combs and render out almost enough wax to pay for
the new foundation.

Question — Would you hesitate to use a hive that had
had the disease in it ?

Mr. France — No, not unless that hive had had foul-
broodj honey daubed upon its bottom. In that case, I
would want to scrape or boil it thoroughly. Seven
years ago I disinfected hives, scraped and boiled, and
even took kerosene and burned them out. But I would
not want to live in a house with the walls all charred and
black, and I do not believe the bees do. Now, I put the bees
back in the same hive, simply scraping it. Those cells
were clean, and I do not believe there is any danger.

Question — What amount of boiling would you give
them ?

Mr. France — I simply immersed the hive in the boiling
water sufficient to melt the wax.

Question — I would like to ask how the foul brood is
usually conveyed ? also, if it would eradicate the disease to
cut out certain parts of it and have the combs recleaned,
simply cutting out those portions of the comb that con-
tained foul brood ?

Mr. France — I have agreed in some cases, where there
seemed to be but little of it, only one or two cells of foul
brood in the comb, or perhaps eight or ten in the entire hive,
to cut out and remove the diseased parts, keeping track of
the hive, and in a majority of cases that has been all right ;
where it was not, I fear there was something covering up
some that I did not see. It is a risk, however, for we can
not see what is covered up.

Question — I would like to ask how it is conveyed from
one apiary to another, usually.

Mr. France — It is conveyed largely by robber-bees, and
the bee-keeper's manipulating.

Question — Is it not a fact that it has been conveyed
from one apiary to another several miles outstanding, at a
time of the year when robber-bees do not work ?

Mr. France — I would have to get after back-track his-
tory there before I would want to admit all that.

Mr. Corey — We used to boil the hives, but it was very
bad on the hives, because when they got dry they would get
loose. We abandoned that plan a long time ago. We had
a very eminent chemist with us at one time, and he recom-
mended the use of bisulphide of carbon, and told me to buy
a can of gasoline and put 25 percent of bisulphide of carbon
with it, and take a brush and go over the inside of the hive
and give a thorough treatment to the cover, and we would
save our hives, our nails would all be intact, and our beauti-
ful white painted hives, and he said it would be impossible
for any spores, no matter what kind, to exist in that bisul-
phide.

Question — Would comb honey on top of the hive, pro-
duced from diseased bees, be safe to use or feed lo other
bees ?

Mr. France — I think it would.

Question — Two years ago we had a case of foul brood.
The lady asked me if she could feed the bees with that comb
honey that she had ; I told her I thought she could ; we fed
that back again, and the next year, or rather last spring,
they moved away and sold their hives to some one else, and
they were just literally grown up with foul brood. I think,
unless they got it from some one else, it came from that
comb honey.

Mr. France — I would get after back-track history again.
In Wisconsin a man bought an apiary because he got it
cheap ; in due time it was united with his other apiary, and
that yard dwindled down until it was half gone with foul
brood. He treated it with the McEvoy plan. The next
spring, as soon as brood-rearing got nicely started, he
treated it again ; altogether he treated that apiary seven
times, and the disease would re-appear. He said, " I guess
I had better quit the business." He tried to get legislation
to help him, but he could not. He stood alone. He went
before the legislature, and was ridiculed and laughed at.

Then, through the State Bee-Keepers' Association we got
legislation. Otherwise we never would have gotten it. So
much for the State Association. How much quicker we
would have gotten it had we had a National one I I went
to this apiary, and there were about four car-loads of empty
hives. I went inside of the apiary in a neighboring yard,
and there was foul brood and no attempt to get rid of it.
What was the use of treating when his neighbor would not
treat ?

Question— What is the difference in the symptoms of
foul brood and black brood, in the appearance and develop-
ment of the diseases ? and are they two distinct diseases,
or but one ?

Mr. France — I intended to bring some samples of en-
larged cells of black brood, foul brood, and pickled brood.
But black brood is always black, and head under, sharp-
pointed, a little turned up, and quite hard. Pickled brood,
the lower end light brown, thick skin, and the bottom end
apparently a water-bag, as you would take hold and pull it
out, which is easly done, as it is never ropy or sticky, and
you puncture that skin and the fluid will run as freely as
water. If it is black brood, that little bee would cover up
about half to two-thirds of the bottom of the cell ; it turns
brown, or nearly black, with white streaks running near
the center. It doesn't come out and get this sharp end to it
like pickled brood at all.

Question — Do you think it is safe to feed bees comb
honey from hives that have been treated for pickled brood,
or black brood ?

Mr. France— I would not use it for that purpose, unless
I had heated it.

B. S. Taylor— I own three apiaries in part. One apiary
had foul brood ; in every case, where they fed this honey, it
produced foul brood, for all of these had foul brood the next
year. In regard to cutting out combs, one man, five years
ago, had 240 colonies. Wherever he found a symptom of
foul brood, he cut it out or burned it. L,ast year he got
down to 56, and I found 28 that had foul brood. Now he
has 11. Another man has been cutting down 100 colonies,
and has been cutting out and burning them. I said, " In
my opinion you will find 20 cases next spring."

Question— Is black brood as contagious as foul brood ?

Mr. France — Yes ; even worse.

Question — Will it cure itself?

Mr. France — Not until the bees are dead.

C. J. Davidson— To what heat would you subject honey
in order to make it safe in feeding bees— honey that you are
suspicious of— simply bring it to a boil to eradicate the
germs ?

Mr. France — Many have misunderstood that term
"boil." I have had considerable correspondence in regard
to Dr. Howard's treatment of that. He used dry heat. In
boiling, I invariably stir so as to bring the center of the
can to the boiling surface, so that it all gets heated. You
may take an ordinary-top milk-can, which is common upon
the farm, set it on the stove, and if you do not stir the con-
tents you will find the center of the can has hardly been
heated through, while it is apparently at the boiling point.
One man said, " Any man can see that is boiling." I said,
"You haven't killed the foul brood in that." I put my
hand down deep in that and it didn't burn. I believe in
thorough stirring. When it has all been boiled, and all
brought to the surface, it will be safe to use to feed the bees.
The germs will then all be killed.

Mr. Corey — You don't believe it is necessary to cook it
two or three hours, do you ?

Mr. France — No.

(Continued next week.)

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3,"2x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and " Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; SCO
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your busine.'^s card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

< » »■

The Premiums we offer are all well worth working for.
Look at -them.

760

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHWAU.

Nov. 26, 1903.

(

Contributed Articles

)

Roadside Tree-Planting and Reforesting.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

MUCH has been said in the past in the " Old Reliable "
on this important subject. However, too much cannot
be said, for there are very few topics discussed in our
journals that are more important, or that more deeply con-
cern our entire people than this.

It is a well-known fact that our climate, both as to tem-
perature and rainfall, has greatly changed since our country
was first settled. The extremes of climate are much more
marked, and we all know that with extremes, either of heat
or cold, often comes disaster. Extremes of rainfall are also
of startling frequency during late years. The drouth dries
up the crops, and brings distress often to a wide range of
our farming population. The terrible floods that come with
the frequent downpours are even more distressing. Millions
of dollars worth of property are swept away, and human
sacrifice often brings wide-spead sorrow. There must be
some common cause for these unwelcome changes. What-
ever cause it is, it must be something that is very profound
and far-reaching. We can hardly conceive that the cultiva-
tion in the soil is enough in itself to have effected this
change.

The only other thing that we can suggest is the wide-
spread and unfortunate depletion of our forests. If this can
effect or bring about this change, then, surely, we have an
easy explanation, for the denudation of our forest areas is
something tremendous. The destruction of our forests dur-
ing the last generation has been great, beyond compare. It
is easy to believe that the presence of great forests in hold-
ing the rainfall, in moderating wind, in staying heat radia-
tion from the earth, may have just the effect to moderate
temperature and equalize moisture. I believe it is the con-
sensus of the best educated men along the lines of meteorol-
ogy, that the cutting away of our forests has brought
these disturbances, and brought upon us these terrible ex-
tremes.

If the suggestion made above is correct, then certainly
it is none too soon to begin the work of restitution, by com-
mencing the wide-spread and wholesale tree-planting. I
believe it is safe to assert that nothing that we can do will
give so much hope in way of climatic improvement as gen-
eral reforesting of much of our land area. Surely, it is
none too soon for every one who owns any land, whether it be
farm, or city lot, to begin the work of setting out trees.
If we could all become sufficiently impressed with the im-
portance of such action, we would all become at once tree-
planters, and I believe we would perform a patriotic work,
for which we would rightly receive the blessing of all the
coming generations.

There is another argument, hardly less persuasive,
which favors immediate action in this direction. How
beautiful is a country or city where trees are much in evi-
dence along street or roadside. Cambridge, in Massachu-
setts, New Haven, in Connecticut, and Riverside, in Califor-
nia, are illustrations of the value of tree-planting as a mat-
ter of cesthetics. The country, too, where all roadsides are
adorned with trees is always sought by the would-be farmer.
The advanced value which city or village lot or country
farm attains upon the presence of trees, is sure evidence that
beauty has a hold upon our people. It should be so. Any-
thing that develops taste or love of the beautiful advances
civilization and fosters good fellowship. Here again, then,
we should all take a lesson and become enthusiastic sup-
porters of any action which tends to increase the trees along
our streets and roadsides.

The bee-keeper is also very greatly interested in the
planting of trees. We all remember the great reputation
which the famous Mohawk Valley of New York, and the
great linden regions of Wisconsin, secured in bygone years
because of the immense honey crop. This great yield of
honey came almost as surely as the season, and a maximum
crop was usually expected. With the change of climate, and
the disappearance of the trees, the honey product is not only
greatly diminished, but is far more precarious. It is hardly
to be hoped that we can ever bring back anything like the
old-time basswood forest, but if every one would inform

himself as to the necessity of reforesting our country as far
as possible, and urge action to secure it, in season and out
of season, we certainly should do very much, not only to im-
prove the climate of our country, the beauty of our land-
scape, but also to effect a great increase in the honey-pro-
duct of the land.

Without doubt there is going to be a great impetus in
this direction of more extensive setting of trees. It be-
hooves the bee-keeper to have his ear to the ground, and
use every influence in his power to direct this work, so that
he may gain to the utmost by this increase of roadside

BLUE-GUM (EUCALYPTUS) FLOWERS.

trees. There is no more beautiful trees for roadside plant-
ing than the American linden. There are no trees more
valuable for other purpose than beauty. There is certainly
no trees, or even plant, that secretes more or better nectar.
Every bee-keeper should see to it that in the great work of
tree-planting the grand old basswood is not neglected.

Hardly second to the linden in beauty or value, as af-
fording economic products, or as a honey-producer, is the
tulip, often called whitewood, and in the South incorrectly
called the poplar. The bee-keeper will certainly use his in-
fluence that the tulip may have a fair consideration, as our
country is being beautified by these gems of the landscape.
The maples — both the sugar maple and the soft maple —
take rank among the very first of our trees for beauty. The
wood of these trees is also of great value in the market.
While the maple blossoms a little too early to give it chief
value as a honey-producer, yet it does furnish no little honey,
and is no small importance in stimulating the bees to
greater industry in the early spring months. For variety's
sake, the bee-keeper may well urge that the maples share with
the incomparable linden, the magnificent tulip, a place in
city street and along country roadside.

California is as much interested in this matter of tree-
planting as is any State in the Union. Indeed, I think it is
more so. Water is the great desideratum in California. Too
scant and too infrequent rains are a chief source of anxiety
among the residents of this delightful region. Here, trees
should not only be planted along the roadside and city
streets, but if our people are wise, great blocks of trees will
be set out on areas not otherwise occupied ; and certainly
more and more attention will be given to the reforesting, of
our mountains, where, through inexcusable carelessness.

Nov. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

761

great areas of timber have been burned to the ground. I
fully believe that could our people be made to realize the im-
portance of this matter of a greatly increased forest area in
our State, we should have a general movement all along the
line towards wise and extensive planting of trees.

Among the trees most desirable in California, stands
pre-eminent the various species of eucalyptus. There
are said to be ISO species of this genus of tree. They come
from Australia, a region very similar to California. In
such arid regions trees must become deep-rooted to live
at all, and because of this deep rooting they will of neces-
sity grow very rapidly, and will be fortified against the
drouth that is sure to come with each year. For safety's
sake, then, no tree should take precedence in such regions
as California, Arizona and Nevada, of these fine, rapid-grow-
ing eucalypts. I am happy to say that our people are real-
izing the truth of this statement, as is shown by the rapid
increase in the planting of these trees. The trees are not
only attractive in form, foliage and blossom, but they are, I
think, without exception, valuable for honey.

There is an interesting fact about the blossoming of
these trees. Of course, in their native Australia, they blos-
som in the spring, which is our autumn. As they are trans-
planted to our State, on the opposite side of the equator, they
are much perplexed. It is a struggle which shall most in-
fluence— their old habit and heredity, or their new environ-
ment. Thus, their time of bloom is very varied, and the
time of bloom will change with the years. At present we
can find eucalyptus in bloom during several months of the
year. It is wise, then, in selecting eucalypts for tree-plant-
ing to plant a variety, that we may extend the time of bloom
as much as may be. It is also wise, at the same time, to
secure such trees as are valuable for timber, posts, piles,
etc.; such trees as grow rapidly and will stand greatest ex-
tremes of heat and cold, and also trees that are desirable
for beauty. I will proceed to give a few trees that are to be
heartily recommended :

Eucalyptus citriodora is a tree that is specially com-
mended as a honey-tree. It is a profuse bloomer, and very
attractive to the bees. The leaves are very fragrant. It is
very graceful, and thus is to be recommended for its beauty.
It has the one objection of being rather impatient of frost.
It kills down here at Claremont when young, but when well
started seems hardy. The wood is like hickory, and thus
will always have a value in the market.

E. rostrata is the well-known red-gum. It is graceful,
grows rapidly, and makes a fine roadside tree. It is said to
be the best money-getter in Australia of any of the euca-
lypts. It attains a height of a hundred feet. It grows well
under quite a variety of climate, enduring a climate of from
15 degrees F. to 115 degrees F. The timber is valuable for
many purposes, being hard and strong. It is used in our
States extensively for fuel and posts. It ranks high as a
honey-producer both in America and Australia. I doubt if
any tree is more desirable for roadside planting in Califor-
nia and Arizona.

E. rudis is a favorite in the Fresno region. It also will
stand a wide range of climate. The limber of this tree is
also first-class, and it stands among the best for honey.

E. coryocalyx is the well-known sugar-gum. This reaches
one hundred feet, and in Australia is said to attain a diame-
ter of six feet. The bark is smooth and a buffy white,
though the twigs are quite red. It stands our California
temperature well, and, like the other trees mentioned above,
resists the drouth to a surprising degree. It is more valu-
able for many purposes than is the common blue-gum, as
the timber is very durable, and lasts a long time when set for
posts. It blooms profusely, and is excellent as a honey-tree.

E. tereticornis is very similar to the rostrata, and is
often known as redwood. I hardly know which is the more
desirable for planting, and can cheerfully recommend both.

E. sideroxylon is very attractive to me. It has the
grace of the American elm, while the narrow leaves make
it especially beautiful. It is called, in Australia, the " red
iron-bark." It stands our Claremont climate well. Its
colored blossoms make it peculiarly attractive, and for this
alone I should plant this tree, as also the still more beauti-
ful and showy E. ficifolia, which has very showy red blos-
soms. The timber, while not as valuable, perhaps, as that
of some others, is also much used for posts and in the arts —
anywhere where strength and durability is required.

The other eucalypts that are specially valuable for
honey are: E. calophylla. E. hemiphloia, E. leucoxylon, E.
longifolia, E. melliodora, E. pilularis, and E. polyanthemos.
All of these are worthy a trial in many parts of the warmer
regions of California. I have often been asked by the bee-
keepers of California to K've a list of the eucalypts desirable

for roadside planting, and for more extensive planting,
with honey especially in view. I believe the foregoing may
be of service, and I am sure can be relied upon.

Los Angeles Co., Calif.

(

Nasty's Afterthoughts

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

GETTING BEES OUT OF SUPERS AND OFF COMBS.

Mclntyre seems to be a mine of wisdom on several
points of interest besides the cold knife. A dash of Cyprian
blood makes 'em a trifle hot, but it does 'em good, and he
grins and bears it. Disinclined to so much waiting as bee-
escapes require ; so he goes at 'em in the older orthodox
ways — smoker and wet manila brush. (At my yard I would
sooner completely take the combs with brush and smoker
than put the escape in place — say nothing about the wait-
ing.) If his brush was not wet, I suppose his " Cyps "
would be hanging on one to each fiber. Giving each colony
its own combs back, too much fuss. Same here. Late in
the season I think an important gain in giving alien combs.
They consider them plunder, and go at them sharper to
clean them up. But that makes too much rumpus in the
yard — and I get some fussing in another way — hold the
supers empty till eventide, and then put the combs in. As
to brush, I use a hen's wing, dry. Bees hang on sometimes,
but not often. I'm disinclined to use two brushes on the
same comb ; and the wholesale "sweep-em" seems hardly
adapted to get the bees out that cling a-top the bottom-bar.
Possibly those who use it make it do so, after a fashion.
Page 647.

BREEDING NON-SWARMERS.

And Mclntyre thinks he could breed bees that would be
non-swarmers — but they would be poor bees on the main
question. Rather unique idea. But he's in line with the
rest of us when he finds his bees fair non-swarmers one
season, and terrors to swarm another season. Page 647.

HONEY SENSITIVE TO ODORS.

J. S. Harbison says honey is as sensitive to bad odors as
butter, lots and lots of it half ruined by smoke. If he's
right, the shallow super and get-the-bees-all-out-with-smoke
folks have a severe backset. Rather seems to me that he is
giving us " the truth, and more than the truth." You see
an inspector might lay to smoke a purely floral bitter he
succeeded in tasting in the honey. Page 647.

FLORAL BACTERIA — ORIGIN OF MICROBES.

J. E. Johnson says some of the higher forms of bacteria
have actual flowers. Surprising! News to some of us — but
not necessarily false on that account. But his question,
whether any microbes originate spontaneously — well, at
present I fear that must stand as a "fool-question." Pres-
ent scientific feeling is, I believe, that a new bacterium
might come to us from the planetary spaces, but not origi-
nate chemically. Interesting to see that Prof. Burrill, origi-
nal discoverer of the pear-blight germ, thinks it possible
that it might travel in fog. Page 648.

SULPHUR AND P.\RALYSIS.

Make every bee wade through sulphur to get into the
hive — there's an easy and simple remedial method for you —
providing sulphur will actually cure paralysis. Credit to
Mrs. Artie Bowen. Page 649.

CROSS BEES GETTING HELP.

Sister Wilson, you say, " Fancy a cross bee letting up to
go and get some other bee to do the slinging." Quite sure I
have seen just that— and you will, if you watch out care-
fully enough. And when she succeeds in getting several to
come, sometimes all together they will make a wild dash for
reinforcements. Has happened (apparently) in case of a
horse or cow tied several rods away, that this repeated rush
for reinforcements has worked until half the colony went
out and actually killed the poor beast. If you experiment,
choose a hot day when bees are idle, somewhat cross, but
not very. Put on your veil and take a hoe, and begin hoe-

762

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

ing and thumping- about say twenty feet from one side of
the apiary — a little closer if you don't get a "bite" pres-
ently. Page 649.

QUEEN SCHEME FOR QUEEN-BREEDERS.

Great scheme for the queen-breeders. Have a caged
virgin queen getting acquainted three days before the old
queen is sold, then a second one getting acquainted while
the first is getting to laying. Wonder if the latter might
not feel so jealous and disturbed in mind as to develop more
slowly, wasting in one direction as much time as was saved
in the other. Page 652.

[ Our Bee-Meepin§ Sisters J

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A California Welcome."

This week the sisters will read with pleasure the bright,
breezy poem, entitled, "A California Welcome," which
comes as one of the echoes from the Los Angeles conven-
tion. The writer evidently knows what she is talking about,
having formerly lived in California for some time, where
she may have figured as one of the " Welcomers " herself.

swarm, but be it said to the credit of the good honey-gath-
erers, that almost without exception they are the ones that
have made very little or no attempt to swarm. Perhaps it
might be put the other way — the colonies that make little
or no attempt to swarm are the ones that store the most.

If, during all the years of our bee-keeping, we had
made the effort to improve our bees as honey-gatherers,
that we have made for the past few years, I don't know
where we might not be now, if the bees had continued to
improve at the same ratio. It pays, and pays well, to look
sharp as to the record of each queen.

When any colony fa,ils to do good work, the head of
their queen is in danger.

Our best queen, this year, gave us 300 finished sections,
and quite a number of others came very close to that num-
ber. If nothing happens to that queen you may be pretty
sure she will be used to rear queens from next year.

Don't Have the Addresses.

To several who have requested addresses of correspond-
ents, I may say that I have made no reply, because I do not
have addresses.

Amerlkanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for SI. 75. Address
all orders to this office.

O we love the gentle tourist,
With his pocket full of gold.

When he comes across the mountains
To escape the mighty cold,

And the blizzards, and the cyclones.

And the many Eastern ills;

And we meet him at the station —
. Yes, we meet him without fail —

And we meet him, and we greet him
With—" A Ranch For Sale!"

And we shoulder his umbrella.

And his traveling-bag and " grip ;"
And we give him hearty welcome —

Hope he's had a pleasant trip ;
Doubtless found it rather tiresome;
Say he's looking somewhat ill ;
But our glorious California

Soon will cure him, without fail.
Then we call his kind attention

To—" A Ranch For Sale 1"

We escort him to the street-car;

As he walks across the street,
He seems to be disgusted

With the dust upon his feet;
And the cushions of the street-car
Almost seem to make him ill ;
But he soon forgets his grievance,

A CALIFORNIA WELCOME.

For before him, on a rail,
Is this California legend —
" Orange Grove For Sale !"

Then we take him to our bosoms ;

Make him very welcome, too ;
Call his wondering attention

To the glorious mountain view !
Of the oranges and lemons —
Tell him just to take his fill.
But he seems to look askance

At the " spider" and the " scale,"
Till we hasten to inform him

That—" This Grove's For Sale !"

Then we ask him just to notice

The greenness of the trees.
(They are doubtless blue, back East!)

But we never mention " freeze;"
And of earthquakes, heat, and "northers,"
Our tongues are very still.
But the sun is beating down.

And the sea-breeze makes him quail,
Till he scarcely seems to notice

That— "This Grove's For Sale!"

And we take him to the mountains.

And we take him to the sea;
And we bid him use the water

Just as if the " stuff " were free.

But he doesn't like its fragrance,

Nor approve its lack of chill ;-

And he seems to feel quite " retched,"

And his countenance is pale;
And we scarcely dare to tell him

That—" This Ranch's For Sale !"

But he seems to be 'distracted,

(He's been bitten by a flea!)
But we hasten his attention

To the azure sky and sea.
But a whopping old tarantula
Has given him quite a chill;
And a rattler, close at hand,

Is making music with its tail;
Till we quite forget to tell him

That— "This Grove's For Sale!"

And we follow him about.

And " boom " the country, day and night ;
And we think it rather shabby

If that " sucker " doesn't " bite;"
If that " tenderfoot " doesn't swallow
Our small, sugar-coated pill.
Then we chase him to the station ;

As he rides off, on the rail.
We yell, to beat the engine —

" I've a Ranch For Sale!"
Waushara Co., Wis. Mart B. Hall.

About Queens— Breed from the Best.

We have been blessed with the largest crop of comb
honey this year that we have ever had, and this with a very
much smaller number of colonies than we usually have, as
we began the season with only 12+ colonies. Much of this
success was due to the phenomenal season, but I believe
also that much was due to the superior quality of our
queens.

For a number of years we have selected our best queen
from which to rear queens. Not the best tested queen, as
that term is generally understood, for that means only how
many golden bands her bees have ; but our best queen, as
shown by the record of her bees as honey-gatherers. That
one fact, pure and simple, decides her worth without regard
to her color, although we are very glad when our best queen
gives us beautiful, golden-banded bees.

I think I must modify the statement that honey-gather-
ing alone decides her worth, for there is one other element
that enters largely into the matter when making the decis-
ion, and that is swarming. A good many points will be
given in favor of the queen that has made no attempt to

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Starting an Apiary— Buckwheat for Bees— Shade, Etc.

1. I have just rented a 4-acre home in the suburbs of a
city, and intend starting an apiary with the red clover Ital-
ian stock only. Now, as bees are too high-priced here, it is
my plan to obtain frames of nuclei. Is this a good plan for
a hasty increase, putting one frame and queen in a hive ?
How soon in March would you order stock ? and would
about 5 frames be enough to start with ?

2. I will sow about 2 acres in buckwheat. How much
seed shall I sow to the acre broadcast, and at what time, at
the very earliest, in the spring ?

Nov. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

763

queens^ f so Xh^ l"' ^'"''^^ ""^^ '=°'°°y P''°''"'=e ^'>y
?hrou^h thL^^ fi / ''"'' "^^' summer would you go
lexpfcUo^^d^o, h-'^^'I'r'- =^"1 how many queens would
1 expect to hnd to a hive ? I expect to clip all queens' wine-s

tu "*■ J,^aye ooshade on my ground, exceptine close to
putC^'ra'^'f ''""^' l°f •*.''^'°^ '^"'^^ prop'^rt/l caTno?
fome kin^ ^r;r^1f' ^"' ''"' *^y ^ quick-growth vine of
low that! nf^ t'"'^' °" "" ^'^°'- '^'^at seed would you
sow that .8 of quick-growth and makes a good shade ?

8 or 10 fr°amp r ""^"f ^'''''• '^""''^ y°" =^"°^ to a one-story
quart? ' '=^'<="'^ti°8: measurement by the pint or

beri's fined u~'^'°P"*^"P"^ °" ''^^^-'^ ^rood-cham-

clovLt^drhTne'yrfl^^'t^'LVr""^ ^° ^° ^""-'^ °" ^ ^°°'^
retafn JL^f^l?^ ^ brings on one or more queens, would you
Lav and /wf *''7 ^^^ °'^ °°^ ^ ^°d ^hat is the best
fo7emer/enfi 7° ?'^t°' ^"^ ""^^P ^^''^ ^"^ens in reserve
iToIft ^ , ^ "^'^ "■^°' '° '■'=°ew about every 2 years ?
pet en JinP T"" ^"o"? ''^^ '^^^^ ''^"^^ '^an running my
scriber^totA.A"'^-^''°^;,^°°'^'^ Manual, and I am f sub
about bees I.w.Th^'' ^.'l ^°"'°^'' ^"^ ^" information
expect to h/. well digested : and if I live long enough I
cSfon ™e"ber of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-

MlSSOURl.

tn »i^^/r^''^'~-'^; ^^ ^ understand you rightly, your plan is
to get 5 frames of brood and bees and put these in S hives
jSw wo^ldhe ^^'=^,^-«- A l-frame^uc?eus in June";

iae perha«i -^^ ^°^ becomes very strong before divid-
of all vo.f^u ,'S'°^ y°"'' *^''^* nucleus in May. But, first
hive a^eood knn'' T/^ thoroughly your bee-book, so as to
keeping Tndvn-wF °^ ^^^ general principles of bee-
mfstakf: ^ "^'^ *^^''^*'y ''^^^^^'^ f'-°°i ^^^y a serious

nota'thZf''o''r°"'-*^'"^^, P^"'^" '° the acre. Buckwheat is
re^uu; h»-^ J P"°^ planting, the time of sowing for best
Stni ff^'thefe r 'M^'"""'? °""°« t° the first of Ju!y
poseit miP-ht h """'•"^ <=l^e the bees can work on, I sup-
pose it might be sown toward the last of April. P
find anv^e^tr° ''^P)"°"'"°^<3'y°"^^^ not likely to
season^ wl '^^^"^ '° '^^ hives any time through the
stro°"-enoui'h''"tn?%^''^ ''"^'■''' "''^° ^ =°'°"y becomes
the fifst swafm tl. * ^ ^'^^™' "'^ ^^°"' eight days after

4 W?M /.^ the young queen will begin to emerge.
wouM ^swer TH."' '"°'-°'°/-g>°-y. nasturtium, and hops
ably te!ryr"of s^m'eXrs. °' '"''' ^'^'^'^-'^-'i can proi
6 qutrtY. ""^^ "^^"^ *''^ ^'°°"°' °^ ^'ces in a fair colony, S or

6. No, nor is it advisable.
six miffi'^h^.*'^" '^ff nothing nearer, they might go five or
ti!rd"of?haVdisU°nce. '"'^^^ '^"^'^ profit'abl/mofe thlVI
a^ase InTnlT^"^'^"^ ^°"' question, but I don't believe
old quein Re ° r'" '° ^^'""^ '' '^ advisable to kill the
nucleus "^"^"^ ^'^ ""^P' '° °"clei, one in each

unhed^wUh't'i,"^' strength. The weakest colonies may be
Ki fi Z I'^^'^e considerably stronger, and you will orob-

first unite h.lTf.? ° ","'*^ ^^°^^ "^"^y eq^al •» strength,
thf rest nit w-i,*^^ ''°''?P^' """^ ^°" °^ fi^-e ^ays later add
o^etherthlf \ ^! "^^M t° ^ave the colonies sitting close
together that are to be united. Then when you have fin-
ished uniting take away the empty hive, and \Z field-bees
^f'lr?'"'"" "^'^-^ '^« united colony.
_. The only way you can keep the queens will be in

quetns ^t Ira^X" ""' '^ ^"^'^ ^ ^^" *° .epen^dl'^ew

White Pine for Hives.

WiUfZ^u^^ P'°^ X"?"^ material of which to make hives ?
Will the bees accept it as a home equal to poplar ?c:ZIl

Indiana.

u../\^^'^'^'^-'7^^'^^ P'°« '^ probably the sole material
used by manufacturers of bee-supplies, unless it be in Cali-
fornia, for making hives, and bees accept it without protest.

Sowing White Clover Seed-Bee-Eggs Hatching.

1. When should white clover seed be sown ?

2. What IS the longest time an egg was ever known 'to
remain in the hive without being hatched ? T _

Answers.—!. It may be sown at different times, ^-
s rin°° ''"^ than when vegetation first starts in the

nf JirJh^"' u°?7'w"^''®"®™''" rigrhtly, Dzierzon tells
of eggs. being held about two weeks and than hatching.

Feeding Bees for Winter.

^ I have 2 colonies of bees that came here last spring
l<rom the largest we got about 40 pounds of honey- the
other hive we did not open. We put them down into the
cellar and covered them with a blanket. I think we de-
stroyed one colony, as they did not gather any honey all
through September, and there was plenty of clover around
i here are only a few bees in the hive. Will I have to feed
them 7 If so, what is the best to give them ? Illinois.
^ Answer.— Bees do not generally gather from clover in
September, even though blossoms are seen. The small
number of bees in a colony left to itself through the sum-
mer, makes it doubtful whether they have a queen If
queenless, it is only a waste to feed them. The best thing
for feed is combs of sealed honey, and the next best for
this time of year, candy made according to the instructions
given in your beebook.

Wintering Bees in a House-Late Drones.

Basswood for Making Hives.

in th^°winfe'r """'^ '"^^^ ^°°^ '''""■ °^ '^""^'^ '' ^^' *°° damp

Missouri.

war^''arr;w-^^' f ° ' basswood shrinks and swells, and
hTvror"n',,r-Xura^'j.i:e". ^"^"' '''' ''' "^ ^' ^^ ^

Uniting Colonies and Saving Queens.

r.^„V-"^"°'^*-^^^*^^°"'''e"P "-^ colonies in the spring
reduc ng my 3o colonies to 17 or 18, or one-half, when woufd
I better do It? And how will I proceed ? Or can you tell
me of some better plan to keep my number down around -=;^

Would?t\Vbeulrr!eT Z^ '^eVr"i%^ou?g"q:-n"'^^h:n

^on^tk^oTit^fiTet! ^°" -'" '''''■-4&^::^^^

rpf (^ fl®^'^'*^"T^ M,°!*^ ■" ^^-'^ ^P"°^ ^°y ''-ne after bees
ret to flying. It will be as well not to unite directly two

1. I am thinking how to winter my bees, and have a
mind to put them in a small, dark, warm house, shut each
hive with screen, and not let them out until in the spring
Will this do? r &•

2. Do bees need more air in winter than in summer.

3. Is oilcloth good to put on top of the frames, or is it
too cold ?

4. Would paper folded and laid on top of the frames be
warmer, and absorb the dampness better than oilcloth ?

5. Two of my hives have some drones yet. Why is it ?

Nebraska.
Answers.— 1. Not very well, I'm afraid. By no means
should they be fastened in the hive with wire-screen. It
will only make them worry the more to get out. Unless
you can keep the temperature pretty evenly at about 45 de-
grees, any kind of a house above ground will not be likely
to work very well.

. 2. No, not so much ; but they do need some, and it should
be pure as possible.

3. It will do if covered over warmly with somethine-
else. ^

4. Paper is warmer than oilcloth alone. But if you use
paper, you must have burlap or some other cloth under it to
keep the bees from tearing it to pieces.

5. I'm afraid they're queenless ; yet it sometimes hap-
pens that drones are suffered late where there is a good
queen.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Nov. 26, 1903.

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just what we say in this announcement, and will do
lust as we agree. Write to-day for a package at our
risk and expense, giving age and ailments, and men-
tion this paper, so we may know that you are en-
titled to this liberal offer.

1^ This offer will challense the attention and ^°'>4«'„"*Xs^painI,'uiraQd' diseases
tude oTfver living person wtto desires b<'"«"-„^'^»^*Vse Jthage We care not for your sKep-
^hich have defied the medictl world and ^ 7° J°I'^'irnse. regardless of what ills you have,
ricism but ask only your investigation, and at oui expense, „
by sending to us for a package. Address

THEO. NOEL CO.,

J. P. Dept.,
Vitae-Ore Building,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Nov. 2f>. 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

765

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

Doubling Up Colonies — Entrance-
Closer.

On page 712, Mr. Bingham says he doubled
up his colonies, putting 150 into 75. Why
not have him and other veterans tell the beet
w ay to do it !

By the way, why don't some experts get up
an en trance-closer that will «ive lifting a
heavy hive to turn over the bottom -boards? I
use them, and like them very much, but I
would like to buy them when I buy my hives.
F. P. Briggs.

Middlesex Co., Mass., Nov. 16.

[Mr. Bingham is hereby requested to tell
us how he doubles up colonies.

A good entrance-closer was illustrated and
described about three months ago in these
columns.— Editor.]

A Big Catnip Experiment.

I promised, some time ago, to furnish an
article for publication relating my experience
the past season with catnip, so here goes :

"Ten acres of wild catnip; ten thousand
pounds of choice comb honey ; .*3,000 worth
of seed in one short season ; and how I did
it."

It was about sundown, a little later or a
little sooner, may be, 1 don't know (borrow-
ing the language of Josiah Allen's wife), a
real thought came to me that a reality of the
aixjve paragraph, although somt'what extrav-
agant, would not be impossible. So one
bright October morning I ventured out with
team and wagon, with a new triple box and
a hand-scythe. I gathered catnip enough in
one day to thrash out 40 pounds of choice
seed.

March 31, 1902, those 40 pounds of catnip
seed were scattered over ten acres of good
ground, where a good crop of corn had
been raised the previous year. The corn-
stalks were still standing tall and thick, so I
cut them down with a disk harrow to level
the top surface, leaning the teeth well back
so as to scatter the stalks as much as possible,
forming a mulch for this much-treasured
seed.

Abundance of rain soon brought forth a
nice crop of catnip plants, but as soon as we
had a dry spell, of say two weeks, those cat-
nip plants withered away like tlie morning
dew before the hot sun. One-half acre of the
above-mentioned lot produced a crop of pota-
toes last year. The ground was rich and
clean. Here the catnip did not come up until
the ground was shaded by growing weeds.
When the weeds were from 6 to s inches high

FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS

200,000
Poor People

will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army throughout
the U. S. Will you
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the

Salvation

Army

CHICAGO

Headquarters

399 State Street

ClilcaKO,IU.

C^~ Business success, like success in battle.
often turns on one or two rapiil movements.
There are lucky moments for ercry business,
at which times a prompt and vigorous adver-
tising campaign will turn the tide of trade and
win the day. — Jed Scarboro, Printers' Ink.

5 Percent Discount During November!

Take adTaatai.'e of this disconnt. Have your goods on

Send for our List, and order not
hand ready for use.

jtJST thin-k; of it i

If all of the Sections we sold last season were placed unfolded, in a straight line, the line
would reach over Three Thousand Five lluudrea Miles.

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.

I WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

IThe FredW^MuthCo., ''""*'crN^5'Nrf,.oH.o. I

I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION 5,f^rks*S£E §

0 This foundation is made by a process that pruduces the superior of any. It is the 0

0 cleanest and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most trans- (9

0 parent, because it has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more 0

0 sheets to the pound than any other make. a

0 %Vorklng >va,x into Foundation tor Casb a Specialty. Bees- 0

«J wax ail\raiyM tv'anted at highest price. 0

g Catalog giving PULl, LINE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, free on ap- §

g """."grainger .SCO., Toronto, Out., GlIS. DITTMER, AUSUStaf WISi fi

9Z Sole Agents for Canada. 0

Wease mention Bee Journal wnen writinE

f A GREAT SLASH IN RATES. I

JNow is the time to get your Supplies while low freight rates and early
order discounts are on. Remember, you get

1 On all orders received during November, where cash accompanies. Don't

^w delay, but think what a great saving this is. You get your goods for the f/

same as last year, even though the prices have advanced. If you haven't our Catalog, c

send for same. It is free. 1/

-5 Percent Discount

HONEY AMD BEESVNZAX WZAMTED.

GRIGGS BROS.

214 Jackson Avenue,

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Order Yoor Bee-Siippiies Now ;^^<:isi^sjz

^_^^^_^^^.^.^_^^^^— ^-^— ^^^^— ^^^^..^^__ Dottom prices.

42Aiit R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

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Let me SELL or BUY your |

HONEY I

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati. 0

^ IF IN NEED ^ I

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash «

basis, in buying or selling. g

Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods »

at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants. §

C. H. W. WEBER fnTrM^u'^^^^^-^'^^^^ |

2146-48 Central Ave., CI^CINNATI, OHIO. g

Please mention Bee Journal waen writing

766

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

the catnip presented a most admirable, lux-
uriant growth. Yes, heie among the weeds a
fortune was smiling in my face ! _2

About June 10, 1 cut the weeds with a
mower, leaving them lay where they dropped
to mulch the ground ; but in less than 8 days
nearly every catnip pjaut had withered away,
and withered away to stay dead for good, as
the whole 10 acres has only a few isolated
plants here and there.

In the latter part of October, 1903, I sowed
a strip of land 2 rods wide by 10 rods long,
with some of the same catnip seed. This
ground had no protection, but had a good,
uniform stand that measured more than 3
feet high July 1, liXW. when it began to
blossom, and has blossomed continuously un-
til quite recently. Bees will not only work on
it from early rnorn until dark, but they will
work on it 'immediately after a heavy, con-
tinued rain, while the water is yet dripping
from the blossoms. It is perhaps the greatest
nectar-yielding plant in this State.

Such is the story, in short, of perhaps the
most extravagant experiment of its kind up
to the present time; and while it was a fail-
ure, and the hope of ambition not realized,
lessons of value may be deducted as follows:

First, that catnip will grow in the open.

Second, that the ground must be rich.

Third, that it must be sowed in the fall.

Fourth, 2}.i pounds of seed per acre is a
great plenty.

I will conclude by saying that I did not
gather any catnip seed this fall. Would you
like to know why ? J.W.Johnson.

Stephenson Co., 111., Nov. 9.

Queens Laying in Queen-Cells.

On page 6ti3, there is an article on queen-
rearing, etc., by A. C. F. Bartz. 1 wish to
question his assertion in the closing para-
graph, in which he says:

" But I believe if one would go to the
trouble and take away the brood-combs from
a colony intending to swarm, and insert sev-
eral, say three or four combs with queen-cell
cups, the queen would lay in them in such
rapid succession that nearly all of them would
hatch at the same time.''

I wish to say to Mr. Bartz, or any one
who intends trying this plan, I very much
doubt his getting a single queen-cell started
for some time; not until the queen has filled
all the vacant cells in the combs, and then the
queen will not lay in the cell-cups.

It is not an uncommon thing to see a queen
lay in worker and drone cells, but I do not
hesitate to' say that a queen will not lay in a
queen-cell. If Mr. Bartz, or any other person,
ever saw one do so, let him hold up his hand.

I think it Dr. Miller was asked if a queen
would lay in a queen-cell, he would say, " I
don't know ;" and he is one of our closest ob-
servers of the bee's habits.

I know that worker-bees can, and do, move
eggs from one comb to another, and I believe
they always put the eggs in the queen-cells.
[zr Delos Wood.

Santa Barbara Co., Calif., Nov. 5.

Bee-Keeping in Alabama.

I moved to this State last spring, with the
intention of turning my attention to fruit-
growing, but the dryness of the summer and
fall was much against young trees and plants,
owing to its being a mountainous country
with sandy soil. On finding much of the
land poor and greatly impoverished by rais-
ing cotton, and washing, I said, "Clover is
what this land needs;" but with one accord
they urged me not to waste any time and
money by sowing it, as it was too dry. This
did not convince me, so 1 ordered red, crim-
son, sweet, alsike and white clovers, and
sowed a little of each last spring, and, true
enough, what came up mostly died before the
fall rains came. That was the last of Octo-
ber, but I found a few roots of white and a
few of red, in a place where a horse had been
fed (they tell me on imported hay), that lived
and did well, and made seed, i concluded
that spring was not the time to sow it, so I
am sowing it now.

Last spring I found a colony of bees that
were queenless, so I sent for an Italian queen ;

i&

TELEPHONES

H^o

For Farmers

(H

The man who wants to know
ALLaDout telephones for farm-
ers should send 6 2c stamps for
128 patre telephone book K-4 .
Address nearest office.

^p

Ptromberir-CBrlBon Tel. <o,
KooheMer. N. V.. < hkauro. 111.

FZease mention Bee Journal -when ■OTTitin&

TBE' 1900 FAMILY
WASHfRFREE.

Greatest Invention of the Age. La-
bor and Expense of Washing
Clothes Cut in Two.

No More Stooping, Kiibbing
ing of Clothes.

Every Household Needs One.

THE "1900 ■ BALL-BEARING
FAMILY-WASHER SENT FREE

tc any one answering this advertisement, with-
out deposit or advance pavtnent of aov kind,
freight paid, on 30 days' trial. The I'tOO Bail-
Bearing Washer is unquestionably the ^^reatest
labor-saving machine ever invented for family
use. ENTIRELY NEW PRINCIPLE. It is
simplicity itself. There are no wheels, pad-
dles, rockers, cranksor complicated machinerv.
It revolves on BICYCLE BALL-BEARIN(;S,
making it bj far the easiest running washer on
the market. No strength required, a child can
operate it.

No more stooping, rubbing,boiling of clothes.
Hot water and soap is all that is needed. It will
wash LARGE QUANTITIES OF CLOTHES
(no matter how soiled) PERFECTLY CLEAN
IN 6 MINUTES. Impossible to injure the
most delicate fabrics^

15 IVIac'hinefiils in 4 Hours.

Chicago, III.
Last week I started to wash with your 1900
Bail-Bearing Washer. A neighbor saw me
wash my little boys* waists (which were terri-
bly dirty), and we were both surprised to see
there was not a spot left. On Monday we did a
big wash ot 15 machinefuls and the work was
done in 4 hours. It is the best machine I ever
saw (and I have tried many.) It works so easy
that my little boy can run it.

Mks. A. H. Centner,

636 Diversey Boulevard.
Wasliiiis Eai^yat 81 Years Oltl.
Wheeler, S. Dak.
I am more than pleased with the 1900 washer.
Last week my mother, an old lady si years,
heiped me do my washing. She sat on a chair
and did a large 2 weeks' wash with ease, and as
she sa'd, without even perspiring and it was 90"^
in the shade. Mrs. B. F. Reynolds.

rWo l^ongrer Prejudice*!.

North Hudson, Wis.
Enclosed please find P.O. order. My wife is
very much pleased with the washer. This
speaks volumes for it, owing to her being prej-
udiced against all washers. All who have
seen it think it the best and easiest washing
machine they have ever seen. C. Williams.

Write at once for Catalog and^Full
Particulars.

** lOOO '•' ^VASHKR CO. .^68 T.
State Street, Uing^iianiptoiiTNTV.
References: First National Bank,
46E2t Binghampton, N. Y.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

she did her part well, but the fall was dry, and
so far as I could see nothing to make honey
of. My sweet clover never came up, and the
only thing in the clover line is what is called
here " Japan clover," and I am very doubtful
if it is a clover at all ; at any rate, it yields no
nectar. In September I found the bees would
starve if I did not feed, so I fed sugar out of
jelly-glass feeders, with perforated tops,
which is the handiest feeder I have ever tried.
Fill the glass full, then invert, and the bees
will get every drop, and not a dead bee. It is
so easy to handle, too. E. B. Ellis.

Cullman Co., Ala., Nov. 11.

Building Outside the Hive— Separa-
toFs— Growing Alsike.

The Editor asks for " experiences " of bee-
keepers. As I had experiences the past sea-
son, differing in some respects from any I
liave had before in more than 20 years of bee-
keeping, I will try to relate some of them,
though whether other bee-keepers will be
benefited thereby is a question. My wish is
that I may gain some knowledge, if some one
will tell where I made mistakes, if mistakes
were made by myself, or was it the bees?

In the first place, my colonies were nearly
all very strong, probably caused by good feed-
ing in the spring, before the honey-tlow began.
In nearly every case the space between the
brood-frames and the bottom super was filled
with honey before the super was halt full or
ready to have another put under it, and burr-
combs and honey were crowded info every
space available — under the honey-boards, and

DANDY

GREEN BONE CUTTER

and get dandy satisfaction in ei
way. Try it liefore you buy it f(
days. If not satisfactory we'll take it batJK.
Stratton Mfe. Co., BoX 21 » Erie, Pa.

please mtsiiuou lats

i

Wanted.

A partner for bee-keeping in large style.

Never-failing honey crops.

L. MARNO, Kingston, Jamaica

HON EY= JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at 14.00 per gross. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62 Cortlandt St , NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

DAIRYMAN ARE DELIGHTfcU

"Cblcaeo, Ilia-

DKAPEK PUBLISDINQ CO.

We famlfib capital to start yoD m bast
ana. Send ub IOc aUmpa or lUTcr for fall Instructioat and a line of

vopiutoworkwitlL URAPER PUBLISHINQ CO.,CUcaco,IU.

you Will Have to Hurru

You will have to tret your inquiries in before
Dec IS if you secure tlie 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white

""the wood-brush bee-hive
and box co.,

XjA-NSiisra-, - MiiOH.

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Nov. 26, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

767

Some Good GjDDinQ oners.

As this is the time of year when most subscribers renew their subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention to the following, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all :

No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

6-

7-

8-

9—

10-

11-

12-

13-

14-

Send

The Bee Journal and Dr. Miller's " Forty Years

Among the Bees " (book alone, SI. 00) Both for $1.75

The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-
er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's " Langstroth

on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's "Scientific

Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00). ... " 1.75

The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's " Scientific

Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c) " 1.50

Bee Journal a year and Standard Untested Italian

Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 75c) " 1.50

The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"

with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25) " 2.00

The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder," for

holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) " i.OO

The Bee Journal a year and an " Emerson Binder,"

(stiff board) (binder alone, 60c) " 1.40

_The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-
ping Device," (device alone, 25c) " 1. 00

_The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc) " 1.50

_The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and
Honey," (paper bound) " 1. 10

_The Bee Journal a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-
Culture," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

_The Bee Journal a year and a Foster Stvlographic
Pen (Pen alone, $1.00) '. " 1.75

all orders to QEORGE "W. YORK &c CO..

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

ICK-ETCHI^^EK- J^FO. CO

r,e;i3 oa-pc, 10W.A..

5 percent Dis-
count in November

4 percent discount in
December — on all orders
where cash accompa-
nies. We furnish every-
thing needed i n the
Apiary.

Catalog and priee-list
FREE.

48Att

SQQSSSSQSSSQQSQQSSQQQSST^SSQi&SSSQSSQSQSQQQSQSQSQQSSQSSS

&6Glions, SliiDDing-6as6s,
fioneu-Cans,

And everything necessary for the bee-keeper
Prompt shipping. PINE ITALIAN QUEENS
Ca'alogfree.

C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1004 E. Washineton St.,
4')Atf INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

t'lease mention Bee Joumat wnen amitmg.

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Fnrwell. Mich

if you work for us. We wlli start you 1
kooflliieflfl and fumiPli the capital. Worfc
■light Wid easy. B.rid lO cents for fuU
^Ilne of samples and iiartlculars.

DRAPER PUBLlSfiINU CO.. Cblcaso, Hit.
Tlease xnentloiL Bee joonuii w^uuu wriLAU«.

^ Root's Goods at Root's PriGP>$

Please mention the Bee Journal.
iJ >!i >li >!i >li >ti >te. >!i ^K >Ii >ti ili >te ti.

I Bee -Supplies! I

HONEY-JARS.
^ Prompt Service.

•'' Low Freight Rates,

i NEW CATALOG FREE.

J WALTER S. POUDER.

^ 512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention Bee Journal -wlien 'writing

in llie covers if there was a hole Ijig enough
fur tlic bees to get past the honey-board.
Tlicv even built comb outside under the porch,
iin 11 number of hives, and all the time I
tli(ici),'-ht I was giving Iheni plenty of super-
room. Wonder if I did.

Another thing bothered me a good deal:
For the first time in my experience I used
separators between the sections, the " plain,
sawed" separators, and to mal<e them as
nearly like the " fences " as! could, I punched
4 holes in each piece, opposite the middle of
tlie s(^ction with a l(J-guage wad-cutter, for a
passage-way. Now as to the results:

I found about. 'i percent of the sections fas-
tened to the separators more or less firmly,
and in several cases the combs were joined to-
gether right through the holes in the separa-
tors. Of course this made (luite a muss when
cut loose, and I had to sell these damaged
sections at quite a sacritice in price. The bal-
ance wore in fine shape, and averaged about
14 ounces to the section ; but this was no ad-
vantage to me, as I always sell by the pound.
Now I am wondering if it pays to use separa-
tors, any way, and if I made a mistake in
punching the boles in them.

When I came to remove the sections from
the supers I was not a little surprised to find
the bees had gnawed a large part of the sep-
arators, both and top bottom, some of them
a good half inch in depth the whole tour
inches inside the section. I was never bitten
by the front end of a bee, but don't tell me a
bee has no teeth when they can gnaw a bass-
wood board like that. It appeared as though
the busy little bodies tried to remove those ob-
jectionable obstructions entirely out of their
way.

I want to digress a little here and take up
more space. In -'Forty Years Among the
Bees," Dr. Miller complains of poor success
with alsike clover. Allow me to suggest that
he try sowing it without a nurse-crop. Select
the lowest ground he has— the richer it is the
better — plow and prepare a good seed-bed in
the fall, then in the spring (late March or
early in April) scatter the seed on a good
coating of snow, if possible, when it will re-
(|uire no other cultivation to make it germi-
nate. In the absence of snow, cultivate very
lightly after sowing the seed. In the sum-
mer, if the weeds get too high, mow with the
slckle-ljar raised above the clover-plants,
though if some are cut off it will do no harm.
If the season should prove a very dry one, I
would leave the weeds for a shade to the
young clover, and protection in the winter.
In the 12 years continuous experience with
alsike clover, I have never known it to fall
in producing nectar, while some years it has
been our only source of a honey crop.

A. F. FooTE.
Mitchell Co., Iowa, Nov. 13.

i,500 FEET OF WIRE

ihi. I'i

ble

and

ried ;

Qlraby

----.-- .-- - -- the traffic accident In which so
many were kilted or Injured.

PAIJK WOTKN >VIKK FE.NCE CO., Adrian, Jllch.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writine

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLBIHORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only lU
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

C^" Honesty is the policy that insures
permanent prosperity in business. — Printers'
Ink.

768

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 26, 1903.

^^^^^^-^^^^^-^

The Best Bee-Goods
in the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so pood. If you buy of us yoti
M'iSI mot be disappointed.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Eppiog, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼»

Please mentioii Bee Joumai vrhen •wntina.

$300,000,000.00 A !fcAK

and ycu may have part of it If you work
for UB. Un^le Sam's poultry product pays
that dum. Send 10c for sampIeB and partic-
ulare. We furnish capital to start you in
buBinesB. Driper PabllshUisCo.,Chlcaso.lUc

Premium

A Foster

StylograDhic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rnbber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and need le of the pen
are made of platina. alloyed
with iridium — substances of
great durability which are not
affected by the action of any
kind of ink.

They hold sufficient ink to
write 10,000 words, and do not
leak or blot.

As they make a line of uni>
form '\ridlh at all times
they are unequaled tor
rulings purposes.

Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
filler and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send two new snBSCRiBERS
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with $3.00; or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address,

Z°' QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III,

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Fouadatiou, etc., as we can save you time and
freig-ht. Four percent off for cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.

^i'iJS^iAjAja,ja,js,.is.ja,jA.ig,ja,.is.ja^ss,j^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation

26tll
Year

We guarantee Sati«f art inn What more can anybody do? beauty,
yyc }^ ucti <tii Lcc .:7di.iM<tcLiun. purity, firmness, No saoqinq.

No LOSS, patent WBED-PROCESS SHEETING.

^V^hv Hne< if «p11 «n IX/fll V Because it has always given better aatls- Y{

rVil^ UUC& ML sen so wen r faction than any other. Because in »s ye-r.. T

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-HeeDers' SuDPlies

OF ALL ■»/-• ^/^

KINDS «*««* ^<C'-^^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LanQstroth on the .Honey-Bee — Rc^^/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., ill

Please mention Bee Journal TTlian 'writing.

BEST

uimm Honey For sale !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey J?<C

This is the famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can r«8c $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans~(in 1 box) @'7}4c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J^c price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can f.(9c $ 5.40

Two 60-lb.Cans(iulbox) («)8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the Sc price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESWAX WANTED — We are paying 2S cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY-JAKS — Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 East Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

p,iv\ERieAAr

^^•ii.v

^///

VA

>**^

Bee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK £ CO., 144 & 146 E. Erie Street,

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 3, 1903.

No. 49.

WEEKLY

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FRED W. MUTH.
(See page 773.)

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770

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

L

Some Expert Opinion

In the multitude of counsellors there is safetj."— Bible.

]

Best Dimensions of Brood-Frame.

If for some reason you were to start in anew to keep bees, and
were obliged to get an entirely new outdt —

Ques. 1. — What would be the dimensions of the brood- frame?
Why?

N. E. France (Wis.)— Standard Lansstroth. Only size salable
on the maarket.

Eugene Seoor (Iowa)— Lacgstroth size. Because, on the whole,
I have never seen a better one.

R. L. Tati.or (Mich.) — 18 inches by .^'h inches. Because it gives
me a divisible brood-chamber, and an elastic one to some extent.

Mrs. L. Harrison (Ills.)— The Langstroth frame. It is the only
one I've had experience with, and the inventor made no mistakes.

Dh. C. C. Miller (Ills.)— 17?^x9}s. For two reasons: It is
most nearly standard, and it is perhaps the best size when working
for comb honey.

C. P. Dadant (Ills.)^Langstroth top-bar with 2 inches more
depth. Because the hive would be larger, the frame would be better
for wintering, and general results more satisfactory.

.Jas. a. Stone (Ills.) — Regular Langstroth size. Most oonven"
lent to handle, and for the reason that two supers, or a double story,
makes just the size needed for the frame for extracting.

E. Whitcomb (Nebr.)— S-frame. This size is large enough to
furnish the colony an ample brood-nest, and which should be set apart
entirely for that purpose. We never go into the brood-chamber for
honey.

Wm. Rourig (Ariz.)— I would use the standard Langstroth frame,
17-5j:x9J(,. Just as much honey can be produced by its use as by any
other ; it is convenient to handle, and more easily obtained when
wanted.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — For single-brood -story hives I believe
what I now have. The Langstroth size suits me as well as anything I
know of. For double-brood-chamber hives I prefer a frame the same
length, and about 5 inches deep.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.) — I would use a frame l('Vx9i-„ ; top-
bar lU inches. Because this size of frame is the best suited to accommo-
date my section-cases. Were I living in a higher latitude, I might use
a deeper frame so as to economize heat.

C. II. DiBBERN (Ills. )— Well, I would u.se about such a frame as I
have used for the past 20 years — 7x20 inches, close ends. Such a
frame needs no wiring, if foundation is rightly used; and it is a very
easy matter to remove and handle the frames.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio)— The common Langstroth, 17^x9,V. Good
frame on its own merits. Bees on it will sell for more. Also, supplies
for it can be more conveniently had. I used to argue against the
Langstroth, and it has kind 'o floored me in the course of years of use.

G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.) — Perhaps the regular Langstroth frame
is as good as any, and has the advantage of being more largely in use
than any other, so that in any exchange made with others, or in get-
ting new frames from the manufacturers, little if any delay is experi-
enced.

.1. M. Hambaugh (Calif.) — Locality has a great deal to do with
this question. In this State I do not see how the regular Langstroth
size can be bettered. But where the wintering problem is a factor in
consideration, I think I would adopt a larger frame, and one more
square in dimensions.

.1. A. Green (Colo.)— I am very well satisfied with the frame
which I am using, which is 5;'kx17^si used in a double brood-chamber;
but if I were starting anew, I would make it only S^,, deep, in order
that Che brood-chamber and a super that would take a section 5 inches
deep would be exactly alike.

P. II. Elwood (N. Y.) — Our frame is about 10x16 inches, inside.
For section honey a somewhat shallower frame might be better, but
for winter a still deeper frame would be better. Also, the shallow
frames are not so good for spring building up. Any change would be
toward a deeper and shorter frame.

S. T. Pettit (Out.) — I am not quite sure, but to be in line with
the majority, with the advantages that are carried with it, I would be
drawn to the Langstroth. But I like better a frame 9x16 inches, 13 to
the hive, because a wide, short hive gives better ventilation, and a
short frame is more rigid than a long one; and more, such a hive
gives room for dividi-rs, uiid :ili sectiom: to eacli super.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.)— Regular Langstroth. I give the rea-
sons in my " Bee-Keeper's Guide." It is good, if not the best. Most
bee-keepers use it. It is desirable to have hives that are like those of
most bee-keepers. It is easier to sell bees. Every bee-keeper should
produce both kinds of honey, so as to meet all demands. The Lang-
stroth is as good a hive as any for this general work, in my opinion.

L. Staohelhausen (Tex.j- I prefer a frame as long as the Lang-
stroth, and .'j-'V inches high. Two, and sometimes three, stories are
used for the brood-chamber. To explain why, I would need the ^pace
in the American Bee Journal for one or two articles. The main reason
is, that shallow frames save nearly one-half of the time necessary for
extracting; and that I want all frames in the apiary alike and later-
changeable.

O. O. PopPLETON (Fla.) — 12 inches deep by 14 long, inside meas-
ure. I produce extracted honey only, and use the single-story system,
or what is known as the "Long Ideal hive." All colonies should be
in as compact a form as possible, and to use shallower frames in this
form of hive, would spread them out too much for best results. The
sii{6' 12x14 gives about the right medium between too shallow and too
large a frame, for this method of management.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind ) — The frame I useis 12 incheslong and lO'^
inches deep, and I am very well satisfied with it. If I were going to
make any change in it, I would add two inches to its length, and '^
inch to its depth. I would then use 10 frames to the hive. This
would make the brood chamber nearl.v square, and give ample room
for brood-rearing and winter stores. The frames would be very easily
manipulated. There is advantage in having the brood-chamber com-
pact.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.)— In deciding a question of this kind no
doubt but the important matters of locality, climate, etc., should be
taken into consideration. In my locality, I would not change the
original Langstroth dimensions of brood-frame. Why' Because I
have, in the past 2? years, experimented with a great many sizes of
frames, and have never found any size or shape of frame that is so
well adapted to proper size and form of the brood department of the
hive.

E. S. Lovest (Utah) — I believe with the long and varied experi-
ence that I have had with many styles and sizes of hives, if I were
starting anew I would use a frame about 13 inches deep and 13).<
Inches long, and the top-bar 1.5 inches long. Because it is the best
shape and size frame tor wintering. And, while you don't ask for
dimensions of hive, if I lived in a cold climate I would make a double-
walled hive with loose bottom-board— a hive that is simple, cheap,
and easy to make; but I have not space here to describe it.

.Mrs. J. M. Null (.Mo.)— Standard Langstroth size. I have most
success with this size, and for the sake of uniformity of fixtures;
more of this size being used than any other one size, and possibly
more than all others put together throughout my territory. A well-
known bee-keeper is quite frequently offered bargains in small lots of
bees and fixtures, which, if of uniform size, it is good policy to accept,
not only because of its being " money in the pocket," but because
these little " side-shows " (in more than one sense) prove a " thorn in
the llesh " of the specialist.

•Adrian Getaz (Tenn.)— As to length, such as will admit the
lengtli of the hive to be the skme as the supers. These (if using 4'4X-
4^4 sections) should be 17',s inches long in.side, giving room for four
rows of sections and ^^ inch play for facility of handling. As to
depth, such as will give a brood-nest of full size, using only 9 frames.
With more than 9 frames the supers are too large, as they must cover
the brood-nest. As to what constitutes a full-size brood-nest, see
" Langstroth Revised." It is the equivalent of something more than
12 ordinary Langstroth frames. The tall frames are much better far
wintering outdoors. The honey being above the bees it can always be
reached. The cold air coming in at the entrance does not strike the
bees as hard as it will when the cluster is barely above the entrance.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.) — Starting anew, I would have my frame .5
inches deep and 16 long, outside measure, used in divisible-brood-
chauiber hive. The reasons are that I can handle hives most of the
time instead of frames; can contract or enlarge at will without chang-
ing width or length, and in away that is, by -il/oddx, the least objeetioii-
abJe, and least annoying, and out of harmony with the bee-nature; can
get the largest amount of brood with a minimum of swarming-fever ;
can tell more quickly if swarming preparations have begun ; can have
the brood-nest in better shape for winter, and better wintering ; can get
stroirger colonies in spring; all together, I can accomplish much more
with the same labor and time. I will be laughed at, but I am prob-
ably nearer on the road to control of swarming than those who use the
old-style frame and hive — the Langstroth hive.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us o?ie new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

^ERICA.^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 3, 1903,

No. 49.

Editorial Comments

J

Some Expert Opinion.

This is the heading of anew department in the American Bee
Journal, or rather an old department which is revived this week. It
ran before for 10 or 15 years, and was very popular, but for several
good reasons it was allowed to drop out a few years ago. We now
bring it forward again with practically the same corps of experts who
for years so kindly and acceptably answered the questions that we
sent to them.

It is not intended that this department shall in any way overlap
or interfere with " Dr. Miller's Answers,'' but that certain questions,
upon which there may be a great diversity of opinion, are to be re-
ferred to the " multitude of counsellors."

We feel very certain that it will be read with much interest and
profit by all, not excepting those who contribute their answers to the
questions propounded from time to time.

Of course, we reserve the right to decide as to what particular
questions shall be referred to this honorable board of experts. Dr.
Miller's prestige and patronage in this line is not to be lessened in any
degree by this resurrected department.

" In tliis Locality."

This is a phrase that has been more or less a subject for merri-
ment, yet when you are right down to it there is no disputing that
there is a lot in locality. Mr. A. says a certain thing is so and so ; B.
says it is just the opposite; and each wonders how the other can be
so lacking in good judgment. For example, one man says he wants
nothing better than closed-end frames; another says that rapidity of
manipulation with frames having ends halt-closed, to say nothing of
closed-ends, is a thing impossible. Each man is right for his own
locality, for the abundance of bee-glue in the one locality and its
absence in the other makes all the difference in the world.

The thing needed is charity, and a view broad enough that when
any One disagrees with us, to think that if we could change places with
him we might also change views.

Apieultural Education.

In this country the young man or the young woman who starts
out to get an education in bee-keeping must, in most cases, be self-
taught, with no aid beyond what he can get from bee-books and bee-
papers. It is true, that in a few agricultural schools bee-keeping is
taught, and some fleeting instruction given in a few farmers' institutes,
but that is about all. Other countries do better. In Europe a start
has been made in the establishment of regular apieultural schools, and
in England a fairly successful attempt has been made to have instruc-
tion given everywhere.

The British Bee-Keepers" Association was founded , in 1874, its
avowed object being " to teach by means [of duly qualified lecturers
and experts the modern methods of bee-keeping. The Council, com-
poesd of practical bee-keepers, appoints examiners and issues cerlili-
cates of proficiency in bee-keeping." First-class, second-class, and

third-class certificates are given. At a recent conference of the Coun-
cil of the Association with representatives of County Associations, the
chairman, Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan, " endorsed Mr. Reid's statement to
the effect that English methods were equal to any on the Continent,
although probably no Goverment in the world did so little for the in-
dustry as our own. Germany had about 30 associations, nearly all of
which published their own papers, the cost being borne by the Gov-
ernment, and this was sent gratuitously to all members. In Normal
Schools bee-keeping was one of the branches of instruction which the
future schoolmaster was required to teach.

" Mr. Scattergood was quite right in saying it was the children
they wanted to secure, or, at least, create in them an intelligent appre-
ciation of apiculture. On the Continent it was taught in schools, so
that those who wished could continue the study of bee-keeping later
on, while all gained more or less knowledge of the pursuit."

Our good friend, Mr. Cowan, was hardly correct when he said that
probably no other Government did so little for bee-keeping; at least it
will probably be diflicult to tind in this country as many counties as in
England, which give an annual grant of ?150 to $350 for the further-
ance of apieultural interests. But it is comforting to know that in
this land of ours the outlook is growing brighter.

Maliing Dark Honey Light.

In the British Bee Journal it is reported that dark honey subjected
for about three hours to ozone from an electrical machine became
light in color, and that the expense per hundredweight would be
trifling. Important if the cost be not too much, and yet— and yet.
Would there be any benefit in the long run in having buckwheat
Tioney look the same as clover, supposing all the time that there was
no change in flavor! It would take away one of the easiest means of
distinguishing one honey from the other. And would it not make
consumers constantly suspicious that all light honey might be buck-
wheat or honey-dew * ^^^^__^_^

Do Bees Injure Sound Fruit?

Tests sufficiently numerous have been made so that it does not
seem necessary that any fresh test should be made. Yet fresh accusa-
tions persistently made leave fresh tests by no means without value,
especially it those tests be made as much in the interest of the fruit-
men as the bee-men. Our Canadian friends have been making some
experiments that might be considered exhaustive at the Ottawa Ex-
perimental Farm, and these are reported in the Canadian Bee Journal.
First, strawberries were tried, then raspberries, neither of which were
injured by the bees. The fruit was placed inside the bee-hive, also in
other places easy of access to the bees. Inside the hives the fruit waF>
exposed in three different conditions:

(1) Whole fruit without any treatment.

(2) Whole fruit that had been dipped in honey in one-half of the
super.

(3) Whole sound specimens in the other half of the super.

A second test of the same kind was made with peaches, pears,
plums, and grapes, some of the fruit being punctured.

'•The bees began to work at once, both upon the dipped and
punctured fruit. The former was cleaned thoroughly of honey during
the first night; upon the punctured fruit the bees clustered thickly,
sucking the juice through the punctures as long as they could obtain
any liquid. At the end of six days all the fruit was carefully exam-
ined. The sound fruit was still uninjured in anyway. The dipped

772

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

fruit was in a lil<e condition, quite sound, but every vestige of honey
had disappeared. Tlie punctured fruit was badly mutilated and
worthless, beneath each puncture was a cavity, and in many instances
decay had set in. The experiment was continued during the follow-
ing week, the undipped sound fruit being left in the brood-chamber;
the dipped fruit was given a new coating of honey and replaced in the
super, and a fresh supply of punctured fruit was substitnted for that
which had been destroyed.

"At the end of the second week the fruit that was sound at the
end of the tirst week that had been dipped in honey, and also in the
brood-chamber as well as the punctured fruit, was considerably de-
cayed, and where any openings appeared showed signs of being worked
on, but to no very great extent.

" For the third week, fresh samples of fruit of all the above kinds
were used. The results of this test was very similar to that of the
first week, and being later in the season the fruit that had been put in
sound, some of it had began to decay.

"After the third week the bees belonging to the two hives which
had been deprived of all their honey, appeared to be very sluggish,
and there were many dead bees about the hives; the weather being
cool and damp was very much against those colonies. These colonies
had lived for the first three weeks on I he punctured fruit, and on the
honey off the fruit which had been dipped; as there were at that sea-
son few plants in flower from which they could gather nectar, these
bees had died of starvation, notwithstanding the proximity of the
ripe, juicy fruit. This supply of food, which they were urgently in
need of, was only separated from them by the thin skin of the fruit,
which, however, this evidence seems to prove they could not puncture,
as they did not do so."

The "Sweet Tooth" Should Have Honey.

The following has been sent in by Walter Martin, of Colorado,
who says he " believes it worthy of copying, as it possesses some
really good common-sense, and is told in a very brief manner:"

The best way of curing children of the injurious candy habit is
to make pure honey fresh from the hive, or properly extracted from
the comb, a regular feature of their diet. Not only candy, but lumps
of sugar, sweet-cakes and too much jam are bad. Pure honey is good.

Honey is more easily assimilated than many " predigested " foods.
It is a coueenlrated food, and furnishes the same elements of nutrition
as starch and sugar, imparting warmth and energy.

Honey is a valuable medicine, and has many uses. It is excellent
in most lung and throat affections, and is often used with great benefit
in place of cod-liver oil. Occasionally there is a person with whom it
does not agree, but most people can learn to use it with beneficial re-
sults.

Children who have natural appetites generally prefer it to butter.
Honey is a laxative and sedative, and in diseases of the bladder and
kidneys it is an excellent remedy.

Such items can not be given too wide a circulation. It would be
a good thing it bee-keepers everywhere could get their local news-
papers to publish It.

We have several times urged that the National Association should
do some advertising in the daily papers, in the interest of a more gen-
eral use of honey. Such items as the above would be just the thing
to put into such advertisements. We believe that nothing else would
so increase the demand for honey among all the people as just the
kind of advertising we have mentioned. It ought to be done. And
the National Association is the concern that should do it. Why not?

Box-Hives OP Straw Skeps.

These are still used in large numbers in many parts of the world.
In some parts of Germany they are used almost exclusively. " What
.an ignorant lot they must be," do you say ? No, box-hives are pre-
ferred by intelligent men thoroughly versed in bee-keeping, who say
that for the prevailing conditions box-hives are to be preferred. It is
hard for us, in this country, to understand how that can be, but when
men of bright parts, familiar with bee-literature and modern methods
say it is so, we should have charity enough to say that we are not the
custodians of all the bee-wisdom in the world.

A Novel Kind of Insurance.

At least different from anything in this country, is that in Eng-
land, whereby a bee-keeper is insured against damage done by bees.
That is, if Jones keeps bees, and his bees sting Brown's horse, the in-
surance association will take the place of Jones to pay all damage up
to a certain limit. To insure his bees thus, it will cost Jones two
cents per colony.

Miscellaneous Items

Mr. Thos. Dougherty, of Bureau Co., Ills., has been a bee-
keeper for nearly 40 years. Last spring he began with 31 colonies,
increased to 44, and harvested 2100 pounds of extracted honey, and
2000 pounds of comb honey.

Mr. E. Kretchiner, of the Kretchmer Mfg. Co., of Montgom-
ery Co., Iowa, returned recently from a trip to Europe. He was ab-
sent about 14 weeks. Bee-Keepers are getting to be great travelers—
at least some of them. Perhaps Mr. Kretchmer will tell the readers of
the American Bee Journal ."lomething about his trip across the water.

The Illinois State Convention, which was held at Spring-
field Nov. 17 and 18, arranged it so that the annual dues of .?;1.00 would
pay membership in both State and National Associations. A list of 23
names was sent to the National, with others to follow. The following
were elected as ollicers:

President, J. tj. Smith Vice-Presidents: Ist, John S. Dowdy;
2d, J. W. Prinman; 3d, Aaron Coppin; 4th, Jas. Poindexter; 5th, S.
N. Black. Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Route 4, Springfield, Ills. Treas-
urer, Chas. Becker.

Mr. W. A. Pryal, writing us Nov. 21, from San Francisco Co.,
Calif., had this to say about the glorious rains they are having:

Dear Mr. York : — For the past week we have been having rain
galore in this and the northern portion of the State. I understand
the storm has been doing some good in the south land; it is in the
northern and north central sections that the greatest precipitation has
taken place. Just think, in the county just north of this — (Marin),
the great dairy or cow county — the rainfall has been as much as three
inches a day. The rains have come late, which, according to long
observation, mean.s a wet winter. 'Rah for next year agriculturally —
also bee-culturally. W. A. Pbtal.

Mr. James U. Harris, of Grand Junction, Colo., president-
elect for 1904, of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, in referring
in a private letter to the place of meeting next year, wrote us Nov. 14 ;

'■I should be pleased to have an expression through the bee-
papers as to what the National members would think the best meeting-
place for next year."

It might be a good idea for the members, when voting soon,
also to say where they would prefer to have the meeting of next
year. While such a vote would not be binding at all on the new
executive committee, it would perhaps help them in making their
decision. ,

As we understand it now, the following cities have been men-
tioned: St. Louis, San Antonio, ClQeinnati and Salt Lake City. Our
preference is for the cities in the order here given, though, of course,
what we would choose has nothing to do with what other members
prefer. We would not attempt to influence & single vote on this
matter.

Bee-Exhibit in the Public School.— Mr. Thos. Chantry,
of South Dakota, wrote us as follows, Nov. 19;

Dear Mr. York: — I surely get lots of comfort and good out of
the American Bee Journal. I send some clippings from papers here
which explain themselves. By a chain of circumstances I exhibited
an observatory hive with no thought of anything more than my in-
terest in pleasing and benetiting the children. There are many grown-
up people in Dakota who have never seen a honey-bee. I also thought
it might help to show how impossible it is to manufacture comb
honey, etc. And the awakened interest in the homes all over the
city caused indirectly a much larger use of honey, and made many
friends. It seems now to show promise of a lasting advertisement.

Thos. Chantrt.

The clippings referred to by Mr. Chantry, consist of compositions
by pupils in the public school where Mr. Chantry made the exhibit
and gave his talk on nature study as it relates to bees.

We did the same thing as Mr. Chantry mentions on two occasions,
several years ago, in one of the Chicago public schools. It seemed to
create a good deal of interest among the school pupils. We think it
was in the 6th and Sth grades. Such object le.ssons always pay well,
as it adds to the fund of useful information of the pupils, and also
creates an interest in bees and honey.

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

773.

Sketches of Beedomites

FRED W. MUTH.

Fred W. Muth, whose picture appears on the tirst page this week,
is President and General Manager of The Fred W. Math Co., of Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

Mr. Muth was born in 1869, and the first 20 years of fiis life he
assisted his father aod brother in the honey-business. The next nine
years he was connected with a wholesale procery business, in which
concern he filled almost every position, and obtained a thorough busi-
ness training. His old employer, Mr. Robt. J. Smith, manager of the
concern, now retired, was, and is to-day, one of his best friends.
When Mr. Muth entered the honey-business on his own account, he
and his good wife were the only ones who seemed to realize his ability.
They cheered him on, and from the beginning he was determined to
be successful, for he felt that he was the right man in the right place.
His friend, Mr. Smith, pointed out to him exactly how hard it is for
a young man to gain a firm foothold in this world. He did not dis-
courage him, however, for he knew his qualifications exactly from a
business standpoint. The result is that the business of the Muth firm
to-day is far beyond his expectations.

The American Bee-Keeper recently said this of Mr, Muth :

Mr. Muth has traveled during the present year over 11,000 miles
10 buy and sell honey. As tlie representative of the firm which bears
his name, Mr. Muth is known everywhere among manufacturers
where honey enters into the composition of their product. The fact
that Muth has, during the past ten weeks, sold upwards of 500 barrels
of honey, is convincing evidence of the young man's ability to per-
perpetuate the record of his lamented father, the late Chas. F. Muth,
who. for years, we believe, bore the reputation of being the most ex-
tensive dealer in honey in the United States.

Mr. Muth has grown from infancy among the bees and barrels of
honey, and while it has been stated publicly that adulteration of
honey could not be detected in many instances, Mr. Muth assures us
that though the adulteration be but 5 percent he can positively detect
it, and in all his transactions " Purity '' is his watchword.

Mr. Muth seems to take especial delight in introducing the use of
honey with manufacturers who have formerly had no knowledge of its
superior qualities along their lines of business, and to this fact, doubt-
less, his extensive sales are largely attributable, with a consequent
benefit to the producer by extending the consumption.

Mr. Muth is a member of the executive committee of the recently
organized bee-keepers' association of Hamilton county, Ohio, in which
organization his expert skill and progressiveness are generally recog-
nized.

We are pleased to present Mr. Muth to our readers through his
picture, which is an excellent one. It was our pleasure to know his
sturdy father before him, and we have also met the energetic son. Mr.
Muth is, and has been for sevecal years, one of our regular advertisers,
and we are glad to know that he is building up a honorable and prof-
itable business, both in bee-keepers' supplies and honey.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3^x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Pricks, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts. ; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for S2.25 ; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your busine"-s card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort. G£

[ Convention Proceedings J

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual

Meetings of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug-. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

(Continued from page 759.)
FOUL BROOD— FORMALIN, ETC.

Delos Wood — Is it possible by spraying live bees in the

hive with formalin, to cure foul brood, and then let it alone ?

Mr. France — Well, we are in our infancy yet on that ;

what little I have tried of that, some 40 cases, I have lost

some 30 of them.

Mr. Wood — The reason I asked the question, a friend of
mine has been discussing it, and he takes the position that
it would kill the germs, but not the brood.

Mr. France— One thing in this little pamphlet : One
man says : " I got foul brood from supply-dealers. How
do we know where they get their foundation ?" Now, here
is an experiment to test that : A prominent Wisconsin bee-
keeper, some years ago, had foul brood among his bees so
bad that he lost 200 colonies before the disease was checked.
Having a honey-extractor and comb-foundation machine he
first boiled the hives in a large sorghum pan, then in a ket-
tle. All combs were melted ; after the honey was extracted
the honey was boiled, and also the extractor and imple-
ments used. The bees were returned to their hives on comb
foundation he made from the wax from the melted combs,
then fed the boiled honey. Several years have passed, and
there has been no signs of disease in his apiary since.
Question — How long was it boiled ?

Mr. France — Just long enough to get the honey out of
the comb. Here is another one: I took out of 11 of the
worst infected apiaries in my State, old, black brood-combs
full of foul brood, rendered them into wax, took that wax
myself to the comb-foundation factory, and had them make
it into comb foundation. Then I had the cheek to go right
into 20 of the best bee-yards in Wisconsin, where no disease
had ever been known, had the same placed in 62 of their
best colonies, and in every case no signs of disease have
appeared. Those same colonies continue to be the best in
the various apiaries.

Say, can you get the other fellow to do that ? I would
like to know the results, though. For six years I have been
trying to see what I could do. Now, if it develops in j-our
yard, I will take the hive out the day it appears, and put
your price on it. There were all together 62 colonies that I
put that foundation in, and the 62 colonies in those yards
were the best in those yards. Now, you throw away that
idea of comb foundation from supply-dealers carrying the
germs of these diseases.

C. B. Denison — Do you ever boil the combs ? One thing,
we never would kill foul brood with the sun-extractor.

Question — Upper combs from an infected hive that had
some honey in — could we use those combs another season,
in case there should be a little foul brood up there, cut out
that piece, and use the comb in that shape ?

Mr. France — First, if I had combs, bright and nice
brood-combs, I would extract those combs, give them an
extra heating, if you please, and get them as dry as possi-
ble ; then I would give those combs a good fumigating, and
then an airing, and I think they would be safe. To make a
positive assurance of it, I would make them into wax.
Question — What would you fumigate with ?
Mr. France — Formaldehyde gas ; spraying does not
seem to have very good effect.

Question — Don't you think we are temporizing with dis-
ease when we are trying to save the comb ?
Mr. France — Yes, I think we are.

Frank E. Atniore — What do you do with the frames ?
Mr. France — I usually burn them. In a lot the other
day, where I was, we had two wagon-loads, two-tiers deep
of combs that we were going to render up into wax, and

774

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

they were black enough ! They had been used for years, but
the frames the owner wanted to save. Adjoining there was
a sawmill. I went down to the mill, found a vat where we
could attach a steam-pipe to. I made arrangements there
to have that vat and all the exhaust steam we wanted from
the boiler. (I have been so accustomed to getting every-
body around to help rae.) I got up into the wagon, where I
could superintend it, and handed those frames, one at a
time, to a man who dropped them into the tank, where a
man on the other side with a stick would stir them around,
and the wax was almost immediately melted, and then he
would throw those frames out into a pile. Those frames
we put foundation in, and put them back into the hives.

Grenville J. Lynn — Twelve years ago this last winter I
bought an apiary, and in the spring, when I went to look
at it, I found a number of cases of foul brood. I was like
some of these bee-keepers seem to be. I did not %vant to
destroy the nice, white combs. I had a little correspond-
ence with Prof. Cook, and he cautioned me against using
any of it in the hives, or the hives either, until they were
thoroughly cleansed. At that time Prof. Cook thought the
best way to purify the hive was to air it. I did so. How-
ever, I found some very white combs that had been used for
rearing brood. My father prevailed upon me to put three
of these combs in separate hives and mark them. Just
about the time the brood was being capped up, in each one
of these frames or combs, the foul brood developed. I would
like to ask. Why vfas that ? Was that some outside condi-
tion ? This was after I had cleaned out all the foul brood
in the apiary, and I had taken pains to carry every hive
into my estracting-house. I would not open a hive in the
yard — took them all into the house ; shook them out accord-
ing to Prof. Cook's plan, and now the 37 colonies that I
transferred I do not know of a single one to go back to foul
brood except those three that I put those three white combs
into ; the foul brood appeared in those combs, and those
only. Now, then, where did it come from, if it was not in
those dry, white combs ? There was not a particle of honey,
nor brood, nor anything on that comb that I put in — just
simply the dry comb. Since then I have had a good deal of
experience.

Mr. France — Did you first put those bees on the starva-
tion plan before they had those dry combs ?

Mr. Lynn — No, sir, I did not. I was working under
Prof. Cook's instructions, and I was going to " give him
fits" if I failed. So I simply carried my hive into the
extracting-house. If I found foul brood in that hive I shook
the bees out about two feet from the ground. If I found
the queen I caged her because I didn't have any bees to lose.
Then, if there was any muss made there I would brush
that away, and let them crawl right in on that clean foun-
dation. I dipped the hive in boiling water for about two
minutes: I found that was long enough to melt all the
honey, and I was careful, very careful, never to touch the in-
side of the hive, or touch the frame in any way at all, from
the fact that I had to handle them when I knew they were
infected with foul brood. I would take them out with a
stick, and then go into the house and wash my hands thor-
oughly with soap. Prof. Cook says wash them with some-
thing stronger. So I put them out on the old hive on the
comb fouudation. I want to say this : I kept one colony
that I had kept for ten, yes, eleven years, and there was no
foul brood ever developed in those hives I ever treated at all.

Mr. France — When did you get those foul combs — that
colony that you have treated — when did you. give them the
new combs ?

Mr. Lynn — They had filled them the season before ?

Mr. France — What was in the hive when those bees
went in ?

Mr. Lynn — The comb foundation. Let me explain
this : The hives that I put those three combs into were
colonies that I had shaken out, and the bees had crawled in
on the full sheets of comb foundation. They had built up
their combs. In each case, I marked them so I could make
no mistake. Then, as soon as the comb was capped, foul
brood appeared, and it did not appear in any of the other
hives. I was convinced, from information I had secured
from Prof. Cook, that I was treading on dangerous ground
if I used any combs in the apiary from infected hives.
And these were the only ones I did use, except where I
found them in the supers from healthy brood. If I found a
hive where the bees had died out, no matter how white the
combs were, I melted them up and got new foundation.

Prof. Cook — I do not like this discussion. It reminds
me of the old coachmen's story. When asked how near he
could drive to a precipice and not go over, one answered,
" Six inches ;" another said, "Three inches;" but the one

who said he would keep as far away from danger as possi-
ble was the one who was engaged. Now, in dealing with
foul brood, I would keep just as far away from danger as I
could. When you are " monkeying " with anything like
this disease, I think j'ou are making a great blunder. If
we have diphtheria in our homes, we have learned to be
very careful to prevent its spreading. We know of these
bacterial diseases, and do not fool with them. Suppose you
rati save a few combs. I do not like these questions. I
would say, " Don't take any chances at all 1" [Applause.]
From my own experience and observation that is what I
feel like saying. I think I have written thousands of let-
ters in which I have taken this ground.

Dr. Miller— There is sometimes a little danger that
hastily you may go too far to one side or the other. That is
perfectly safe advice as far as the disease is concerned. If
I find a colony afflicted with foul brood, todestroy the whole
thing. Would you save the bees. Professor ?

Prof. Cook — Yes, I think I can save the bees without
taking any chances.

Dr. Mi.ler — I would not take any chances on the bees if
I had only one colony. I would burn the whole thing, root
and branch. It is an easy thing with me, when I have only
one colony, to burn up bees and everything ; all my tools
and my assistant — but I don't know where I would get
another I But when it comes to having a whole apiary,
that is a different matter.

Prof. Cook says I can safely save the bees. Thank you
for that concession. Here is another man, McEvoy, who
says I can save the hives. Somebody else says I can save
the frames. I would like to save all I can when it comes to
the large numbers. Now, we are not certain jet whether
we can save the combs or not. If I can feel as safe ii. sav-
ing the combs as I can the bees, I would like to. Mind
you, I don't know ! I would like to, if I can. There is
pretty good authority. Prof. Harrison, of the Ontario
Agricultural College, says that he has tried fumigating the
germs of bacteria in the combs for that, and there has been
no development. Now, I don't know whether that can be
entirely relied upon without some further trial. It does not
look to me very reasonable. Mr. France says he would
hardly feel safe in assuming that the germs would te killed
under the pollen. I believe the formalin would work
through pollen quicker than through the honey. But yet,
he says under the pollen the germs have not been killed. It
is just possible, is it not, that he maybe right? If he is
right about that, thousands and thousands of dollars may
be saved in the combs. Let us find out first whether there
may be any safety in that. Why not? Prof. Cook has
given you the safe thing, but if you carry the thing to the
extreme, you will not even save the bees. Let us find out
how far we can go in safety. If you take that ground too
solidly, you would never make any progress. Let us try if
there is something further that we can save.

George M. Wood — I wish to say something on cleaning
out frames. I think you will all find it a very correct and
true process. It is a home process, and one that will never
fail. Hot water, and anything you may put in it is all
right. Fire alone will save them better. 1 put one or two
frames on a pile, and I have some old timber ready to burn.
I hold the frames over the fire, and the wax will boil like
oil. When they commence to singe the frame, wait just a
little and swing it out, the air will put out the flame. Now,
when this wax ceases to boil, and the wood begins to burn,
the germ is killed, and it will never revive. Then throw
them off. But first, never touch them until you are sure
your hands are clean ; and your frames are as good as new.
If hot water will save them in two or three minutes boil-
ing, this heating in a flame of fire is far superior. It does
not cost anything ; it does not destroy your frames.

B. S. Taylor — I believe this is a vital question to South-
ern California, and I am a good deal like the superintend-
ent of the plant was two years ago. I was building a house
for an electric plant ; I was afraid, and I asked him if there
was any possible danger. " Not a particle," he said ; " but
I advise you to be extremely cautious." I have seen this foul
brood spreading so much through carelessness. I have
burned up a number of colonies ; I believe we want to be
very cautious. •

Mr. Harbison— I fully agree with Prof. Cook in the
matter of heroic treatment. As I stated to you last night,
I had a bitter experience in '59 and '60 with foul brood, and
since that time I have had no further experience in that
line, because I wiped it out. Save your hives and your
frames by thoroughly boiling from five minutes to half an
hour. Be sure your water is thoroughly boiling. You can

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

775

easily and safely save your frames and hives, but do not
fool away your time by trying to save comb.

THIRD DAY— Afternoon Session.

This session was called to order at 1:30 o'clock, with
Pres. Hutchinson in the chair.

The Committee on Memorials then reported as follows :

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEMORIALS.

The Committee on Memorials recommends the adoption
of the following' minute :

Resolved, That we recog'nize the loss to our calling in
the departure of such bee keepers as Chas. Dadant. Dr. E.
Gallup, Dr. A. B. Mason, K. Touchton. R. Wilkin, J. H.
Martin, Thomas G. Newman, Mrs. A. J. Barber, and others.
We shall miss their kindly co-operation, and their generous
contributions, from their long experience, to the general
fund o.f apicultural knowledge. Long may their memories
remain green in our hearts in the years to come.

C. C. Miller, Clun. Com.

On motion, the foregoing was unanimously adopted.

apiarian exhibits at ST. LOUIS.

Mr. O. L. Hershiser presented the following :

Whereas, It is desirable that the beekeeping interests
be properly recognized at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion, by apiarian exhibits from the several States of the
Union and by foreign States ; and,

Whereas, The apiarian interests may receive the rec-
ognition to which they are entitled, it becomes necessary to
bring the matter to the attention of the proper authorities
in the most weighty manner possible ; therefore, be it

Resolved, That our efficient and energetic General Man-
ager act for this Association in all matters looking to the
bringing out of a representative apiarian exhibit at said
Exposition ; and especially that he correspond with the
Boards of General Managers appointed to represent the
several States, urging them to make an allotment out of
their appropriations for the State exhibits at said Exposi-
tion, for State apiarian exhibits.

On motion, the above was adopted.

Mr. E. J. Oatman. once an extensive bee-keeper in
Kane Co., III., was present, and introduced to the. conven-
tion. He also made a few remarks.

The Committee on Resolutions reported as follows :

REPORT OF committee ON RESOLUTIONS.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the members of the
National Association for their liberal attendance from
other States. We trust that your stay with us may be both
pleasant and profitable. We heartily welcome you, and
trust that in the near future you will meet with us again.

Resolved, That we extend our thanks to the press of
Los Angeles, and all committees that contributed to the
success of this meeting, especially to Geo. W. Brodbeck.

Resolved, That we extend heartfelt thanks to the citi-
zens of Los Angeles for their kind and hospitable treat-
ment of the members of our Association during our stay
among you. We shall long remember you, and look back
with pleasure to this meeting with you.

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be transmitted
to the mayor of the city of Los Angeles.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the California bee-
keepers for their hospitable treatment of our members from
abroad. We also thank you for the kind reception given in
our honor Tuesday night last, and for the nice music, and
above all else for the fine and comfortable Hall that you
have placed at our disposal. Our stay with you will be long
remembered, and will be looked back to as one of the great-
est pleasures of our lives.

Resolved, That we extend thanks to the retiring officers
of our Association, for the efficient n'auner in which they
have conducted the affairs of their offices during the past
year. J. M. Hambaugh, 1

A. I. Root, ■ Com.

H. H. Hyde. \

On motion, the foregoing resolutions were unanimously
adopted.

(Coutiaued next week. )

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

[ Our Bee-Keeping Sisters)

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson. Marengo, 111.

Sisters Joining" in Co-operation and the
National.

The bees are going into winter quarters in good shape,
and did well the past season. Honey is too low in price, so
all have gone into the Central California National Honey-
Producers' Association, and we can wait until it will bring
enough to pay the producers to put it on the market.

Merced Co., Calif., Nov. 6. Mrs. Artie Bowen.

Sure enough, why shouldn't the sisters have the benefit
of co-operation as well as the brothers? Is there any rea-
son why the sisters should not be members of the
" National," and have the benefits that the brothers enjoy
there ? To be sure, you may think, " Oh, I have only a few
bees, and it won't pay." But, remember, if you do get into
trouble and need help you can't send in your dollar and be-
come a member after you are in trouble and expect the As-
sociation to help you out then. Better send in your dollar
right away, and become a member now.

Besides, if you never need help personally, the grand
work that the Association is doing in suppression of adul-
teration, etc., and in looking after the interests of the bee-
keeper in general, entitles them to your support. Perhaps
you have never looked at it in that way, but when you come
to think it all over, should not the sisters as well as the
brothers have a part in the grand work ?

To tell the plain truth, the thing never appeared to me
in just that light before. In fact, I never thought much
about it. But I am sending in my dollar. I want to give
my mite to help the good work along.

Newspaper Bee-Lore.

The following, clipped from the London Chronicle, was
written by some one (let us hope it was not a woman) who
seems to have been trying to see how many errors he could
get into a single paragraph :

" Robber-bees are always a source of anxiety to bee-
keepers, and at this time of year the marauders seem par-
ticularly active.

" Having gathered no honey, or, at any rate, an insuffi-
cient supply for themselves, thej' will descend upon a hive,
kill its industrious occupants, and carry off the golden
treasure in an astonishingly short space of time. We know
of a recent instance in which the attack was developed and
the home bees killed in a couple of hours. Sometimes a hive
will attack a neighboring hive. In such cases the old straw
'skip' was better than the modern arrangement, for a
knife thrust through the top would break the comb and set
the honey free, at which the thieves would instantly return
toseal up their own store."

Sug'ar Candy for Winter Stores.

1. Can bees fed on candy made of sugar, live through
the winter ?

2. Can they liquefy it without water, when the sugar is
boiled sufficiently to make it into a solid cake ?

I have several colonies that have no honey, and will
have to be wintered on sugar, if at all. I have fed them
sugar and water until now.

I consider the American Bee Journal one of the best
papers published, and the Sisters' department very helpful.

Morgan Co., Colo. Mrs. J. H. Gilman.

Yes, bees fed on any preparation of granulated sugar
will live cm it through the winter, unless it be in some form
that prevents their using it. Taken all in all, there is prob-
ably nothing quite so good for bees to live on as sealed
combs of honey, yet some think they winter better on sugar
syrup or candy. Very likely the sugar is better than some
samples of honey, and most surely better than some sam-
ples of honeydew.

2. You will find that the bees will liquefy the candy

776

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLiHrNAU.

Dec. 3, 1903.

without trouble. There is generally no trouble about suffi-
cient moisture in a hive in winter. Keep close watch of a
strong colony toward spring, and you may often see a little
stream of water running out of the hive-entrance. Look
into a hive in the cellar, and you will see drops of water
often standing on the back wall. Whether it be that mois-
ture settles upon the candy, or the bees furnish the moisture
through their tongues, or both, the fact is that experience
shows that candy answers a very satisfactory purpose in
winter, and after cold weather sets in it is much to be pre-
ferred to winter-fed syrup.

Honey Coug-h-Medicine.

The following is clipped from a newspaper :

" For a cough, boil an ounce of whole flaxseed in a pint
of water, strain and add a little honey, the juice of two
lemons, and an ounce of rock candy. Stir together and
boil a few minutes. Drink hot. "

(

Contributed Articles

]

Propagation of Foul-Brood Germs.

BV |. E. JOHNSON.

ON page 696, Mr. C. P. Dadant, I think, threw consider-
able light on the subject of why wax is immune and

does not spread the disease of foul brood. Begging his
pardon, however, I am entirely confident that he is wrong
in regard to the power of spores to resist heat in boiling
water. It has for many years been an established fact that
spores (not bacilli) of some species can withstand three, or
nearly three, hours of dry heat at a temperature of 28+ de-
grees, and nearly 60 minutes of 212 degrees F. in boiling
water. The non-sporulating bacteria are, as a rule, much
more easily destroyed.

At the present time there is something like 1200 differ-
ent bacteria known (those not known may be even more
numerous) ; all, or nearly all, medical colleges have the dif-
ferent bacteria in cultures, and have experimented with
them, so that it is no longer guess-work as to how much
heat they will withstand, or how much of this or that it will
take to destroy them ; but the question in medical practice
is, if the germs of disease have found lodgment in our sys-
tems, what will destroy them and not injure the system ? In
fact, in treating disease it is as yet not generally on the
plan of killing the germs so much as it is on the plan of aid-
ing the system to throw off the pathogenic effect of the
germs. In many cases the germs would still be present in
the system, but made non-pathogenic when the remedy had
effected a cure. I see in the daily papers remedies advertised
and guaranteed to kill every germ in existence, to be taken
internally ; if such should be the case we would soon die if
we took the rem edy, even though we did not become pois-
oned, as even the digestion of our food is more or less the
result of certain germs belonging to the bacterium family.

It is not so much that the life of a spore can resist such
severe treatment as boiling, but it is because the capsule or
shell of the spore is endowed with such resisting qualities.
If we could take a spore and crack the shell open, even the
sunlight would soon be fatal to it ; but when we consider
that spores are so small that 1000 would have ample room
on the point of a pin or a cambric needle, it would take
quite a while to crack the shells of a bushel or two.

The standard disinfectant at present is saturated steam
at a temperature of 100 degrees C. (which is equal to about
245 degrees F.) for about IS minutes ; dry steam, although
equally hot, would take a much longer time to kill spores.

Yes, it is strange that any form of life will stand so
severe treatment, but it is true, nevertheless. In fact, the
whole great subject of bacteriology is strange, but it is a
science now well estsblished and quite accurate, as far as
established. I think Mr. Dadant is probably right about
the spores becoming mummified or coated with melted wax
so as to be harmless.

I do not know, but let me offer an explanation : That
the brood will not become diseased by coming in contact

with the spores, but only when taken as food ; also, that
when spores are soaked in hot wax, or even if not very hot,
it may penetrate the shell of the spores so as to prevent any
future development, and so be rendered forever harmless,
though not dead.

Bacillus alvei being reproduced from spores, it would be
among the hardest to destroy ; but it may be possible that
even though the spores of bacillus alvei can withstand two
hours ordinary boiling, they may become coated and harm-
less in melted wax even though not boiled. If such be the
case, it must be because the disease cannot be contracted
except through food.

I think it very doubtful if oil of eucalyptus would kill
spores, but any antiseptic that can be used in the hive with-
out harm to the bees would kill bacilli, and prevent the
spores from propagating, to some extent at least. An anti-
septic is next in power to a disinfectant, and if oil of eucalyp-
tus can be used in a hive of bees without injury to the bees,
it would have many advantages, as the temperature of the
brood would be such that the spores would be in active re-
production, hence much more easily destroyed ; or, in other
words, the antiseptic properties of the oil of eucalyptus, if
pretty strong, would kill the bacalli, and, as the spores
would develop, the antiseptic properties would kill them be-
fore they could again sporulate. At least this mode of
treatment would be worthy of thorough trial.

Although there is no spontaneous generation of germs,
there is some strange behavior of germs. For instance,
people may carry the germs of the genuine diphtheria in
their throat all their lives, and they would grow and propa-
gate there, but would be non-pathogenic and harmless ; but
such germs can at any time, under favorable conditions
(probably by the aid of other germs), take on a pathogenic
state and develop a case of genuine virulent diphtheria, and
when once started it would be contagious. When the dis-
ease could be stamped out or cured the patient would still
harbor and propagate the same species of germs, but they
would then be non-pathogenic and harmless. The disease
of blood-poison is the result of a combination of germs.

I wish to correct some mistakes I have made on page 700.
Through carelessness I said that formalin was gas from
formaldehyde and 40 percent water. It should have been
from 40 percent formaldehyde and tvaler. On page 648 oc-
cur some typographical errors, and some on account of my
careless writing. The name Mewman should have been
Newman. I asked the question, " What was the diet of the
foul bacteria?" and was made to say " that the diet was
nitrogen;" the word " that " should have been "what."
Also by omitting a line, I was made to say there may be
spontaneous generation of vegetable life. In reality there
is no more spontaneous generation of germs than there
would be of people. I know we should be very careful when
writing for publication, and hope I may do better in the
future. I may not be able to do much good, but I certainly
hope to do no harm. Knox Co., 111.

Care With Foul Brood-Eucalyptus Oil
Treatment.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Mk. C. p. Dadant.: — I just now read your article on page 6915,
and take the liberty to write to you and ask you to give me a little ad-
vice.

I have about SO colonies of bees which I have worked for extract-
ing. I have had two and three extracting supers on the hives, and
have secured a good crop of honey.

About two or three weeks ago I discovered in one colony that I had
bought last fall, and which I had transferred laft sprinvr in a new S-
frame hive (I brought 10 colonies from the same party, the others are
all right), in the hive-body next above the brood-chamber, a good deal
of dead brood, what seems to me foul brood. Several days before 1
discovered this I had taken off an upper super of honey, had extracted
it, and mixed the combs with the other extracting-combs, which I in-
tended to put back on the hives. Maybe I did put these frames on
the hives, or I may have them in my extracting-room ; and maybe they
were amongst a lot of supers which were set outside to make room and
the bees began to clean them out. On Sept. 19 I had also taken combs
off to extract, and they may have been put on other hives. What 1
wish to say is, maybe my other bees have had access to the combs of
the infected colony.

The colony with the dead brood I closed up when I discovered the
difficulty, and moved it about 10 miles away to a place where I do not
think there are any bees.

Now I would like to ask you this: I have perhaps 1.50 or more ex-
tracting supers which need cleaning out by the bees. Would you pile
them outside, and let the bees clean them out?

I have read your article about leaving the enameled sheets on the
hives and putting supers bick on hives, and have done that, but look-

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

in

ins, these cool mornings, in the top super, where 1 hail three extract
ing supecs piled over the enameled cloth, I found a cluster of bees in
the super, right under the cover, wliich shows that they don't travel
back into the brood-chamher. Other hives where I had empty supers
piled on, had some honey in all frames again, and some cells capped.
It is getting late in the season, and I have to run all these frames
through the extractor again, and 1 would lil<e to pile the supers out
and let the bees clean them up, but I am a little afraid to do so. Would
it be advisable to treat these frames with oil of eucalyptus before I
gi.ve them to the bees?

I have never had any foul brood in my apiary, and I don't know
whether I have it now, but it looks suspicions, and I would like to
avoid its spreading it I could do it. I have looked through all my
other hives and have found no other colony affected. The colony that
has the dead brood stored considerable honey this season.

St. Lonis, Mo., Oct. 3U.

I do not count it any trouble to answer enquirers on the
subject of foul brood. It is a matter of most vital impor-
tance to all of us, and the only way to bring about success
in eradicating' it is to enquire and report after trials of
means of treatment. That is the only method by which we
can get to some positive conclusion. We must bear in mind
that not a single one of the remedies advocated by different
persons has proven efficacious in all instances. It is either
because the remedy was not tried with enough care, or be-
cause the disease was more virulent in some cases than in
others. We see the same thing in diseases of the human
race. The remedy that has saved some lives turns out in-
efficient in others.

But let us make sure, first, whether it is real foul brood
that your bees have. The most of us are apt to get badly
frightened when we see any dead brood at all. The party
mentioned in my article previously was very much worried,
when the disease appeared, and he tells me now that he had
already destroyed one colony by fire, when he wrote me
about the disease. He seemed so anxious about it that I
took the train at the first opportunity and went to see for
myself. Yet the cure was effected in so short a time that
he now jokes about his fears. After the publication of my
article he wrote me that he had used the eucalyptus just 22
days.

But dead brood, in any case, should be very much mis-
trusted. I kept bees for 30 years or more before I saw any-
thing in the way of dead larva", except patches that had
been chilled by exposure, and it is noticeable that chilled
brood is usually in patches, every larva being dead, with a
very plain odor of carrion when it has had time to decay,
while other diseases show a dead larva or chrysalis here and
there. At the first sight of a dead larva in a brood-comb, I
should have pronounced the disease foul brood, had I not
been informed better by men who had seen different forms
of disease. The authority of these men is positive. Foul
brood in all cases at a sufficiently advanced stage shows
plainly ropiness and coffee color, and looks as if it might be
liquefied brown rubber, though it does not string out much
more than half an inch or so. Any other form of dead brood
is less dangerous,

Whether in the present instance it is true foul brood or
some other disease of a milder nature, it is best in your case
to try the disinfectant recommended by Weber, with for-
maldehyde, on all supers that have been emptied, without
exception. There is evidently much doubt of the efficacy of
this remedv in disinfecting combs containing dead larvae,
and especially sealed brood, but I believe that, judging
from the testimonials given, combs that contain neither
brood nor honey can be successfully treated with this drug.
Those super-combs are empty and in good shape to be thor-
oughly disinfected by a careful treatment. If they are all
treated at one time, in a very tightly closed room, it will
make a short job, and they ought to be sufficiently disin-
fected to run no risk of carrying the disease with them to
the bees in the spring.

The greatest advantage of eucalyptus, if it should prove
of value in true foul brood, as has boen claimed by several
European apiarists, is that it would not require the removal
of the combs from the bees. On empty combs, away from
the hive, it seems as if formaldehyde would be a much
stronger remedy. It might not be a bad plan to try both.
If formaldehyde proves sufficient, it does the work at one or
two times at least, while eucalyptus must be renewed from
time to time for a few weeks. A treatment of bees by
eucalyptus, at this season of the year, would not be conclu-
sive, because there is not enough brood reared to make sure
of the disappearance oi the disease. So the colony or colo-
nies ought to be treated again in the spring.

Judging from your statement, it is quite possible that
you have spead the disease by giving the combs of the dis-
eased hive back to others. I would by all means avoid the

risk of spreading it any further, and therefore would not
give any of the supers to the bees, either on the hives or in
open air, until they are thoroughly disinfected. I would not
under any consideration expose the combs to be cleaned out
in the open air. Besides the risk of attracting bees from
other apiaries, you would excite your bees and give them
bad habits. The habit of robbing, and lurking about build-
ings and empty hives or weak colonies, is contracted easily in
that way.

Another fault of giving the combs to the bees in the
open, is that they do not clean them or repair them, but sim-
ply rob the honey out with the greatest possible haste. In
their hurry, they will damage them still more if they find it
necessary or convenient, in order to get at the honey more
readily. Many of us have seen combs open through the
septum or foundation by the bees, to get at the honey on
the opposite side, instead of taking off the cappings, just
because it happened to be easier to do it that way. So the
combs which you would expose in the open would be robbed
of their honey without being cleansed or repaired.

If supers are put upon a hive, one at a time, the bees,
if the colony is of fair strength, ought to clean it up within
48 hours in mild weather. It may then be removed and
another put on, and if this is done during the evening there
will be no trouble from robbing. The supers, which are
piled on the hives two or three tiers high, and in which the
bees have clustered, should be removed in the ordinary way,
by shaking or brushing the bees out or by using the escape.
Sometimes the removal of all the dry combs, leaving only
those on which there are bees, will induce the bees to carry
the remainder of the honey down to the brood-combs. It is
only when the queen has moved up with the bulk of the
colony that it becomes difficult to drive them down.

If your super-combs contain much honey, it is evident
that you have extracted too soon, before the end of the har-
vest, and it may be advisable to extract once more. When
the supers have once been cleaned they are all right for
keeping over, even if they contain a little honey, for this is
not in a shape to sour or attract robber-bees.

Hancock Co., 111.

[ Hasty's Afterthoughts j

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Kural, Toledo, Ohio.

BEES GOING UPSTAIRS.

A remark is made on page 632 that it is rare for bees to
move upstairs. Quite likely it is in the experience of some
apiarists ; but my extracting colonies provokingly often vex
me with just that trick. The supers have excluders, but
not very perfect ones. 'Spect the queen goes up Paul Pry
fashion, and then founds a new Ilium there because it is not
very easy to go back. The workers evidently don't know
why the queen cannot come above, and often save for her,
in a state of polished emptiness, the bottom of several
combs.

IS DISPOSITION FROM THE DRONB SIDE ?

Concerning hybrids, does the disposition, as to being
cross or otherwise, come from the drone side ? That idea is
strongly advanced on pages 6bl and 602. Now let us watch
out for evidences for and against.

THAT CAGED QUEEN OUT-DOORS.

Wm. M. Whitney's colony, on page 655, is unique, and
interests me very much. Caged queen out-doors on a table,
shaded with a box, and individual bees come at their own
option one at a time till several hundreds are around the
cage. The number of bees we see bobbing around the en-
trances of totally empty hives show us that the bees of an
apiary often get lost. I guess the Whitney swarm was
composed of these lost bees. The "our crowd" spirit
seemed to come to them easily. And the attempt to get the
queen out of the cage by going through the process of
swarming was beautifully in line with the notions evidently
pervading bee-noddles. It was all right to build them up
into a good colony; but had he devoted them and some of
his own time more purely to the interests of science it
would have been still better. How far can this volunteer

778

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

ing of individual bees be carried, we should be glad to
know ? Next time let him shift the queen into a larger cage
made of a bait-section of comb. Put half the bees inside
with the queen and leave half outside — to stool-pigeon for
more. Perhaps a piece of very young brood as big as the
end of one's thumb given to the outsiders would help on. A
little feed every evening, of course.

CYPRIAN AND CARNIOI,AN BEES.

So Frank Benton still mourns that the general verdict
was adverse to the Cyprians — and still sees gentleness in
them. Put it strong when he thinks a man whose crop is
20 tons might have had 30 tons with just tlie right kind of
Cyprian hybrids.

Mr. Benton is good authority on Carniolans, and he
finds, it seems, that not occasional colonies, but all colonies,
in their native home, have some yellow-banded individuals
mixed in with them. Page 662.

BFKECT OF LOCATION ON TEMPER OF BEES.

That the same bees should be cross or gentle according
to location is so queer that we are inclined to have a good
laugh at it and then dismiss the idea. '• Location," run
into the pictures. There seems, however, to be valid evi-
dence of just that state of things. Granting the truth of it,
there must be a reason — and digging after such hid-
den reasons is one of the proper and profitable things for
us to do. Sometimes, I reckon, the reason is just one word
— skunks. Peace at night in one locality and midnight
worries in the other. I think some nectars are faintly
poisonous — not enough to do serious harm, but enough to
make the bees feel viciously on nettles. Change the loca-
tion and you change, in part at least, the source of supply.
When one locality is well shaded and one of unmitigated
heat — partly melting things down occasionally — a founda-
tion for a difference in temper can come in there. And it's
a well-known general principle that the bees are less in-
clined to attack when they see human beings every day
moving about near by. Lonely out-yards ought to be some
crosser than the home yard. Are there other reasons ?

Mrs. Higgins, on page 676, says it depends largely upon
who handles them. Yes, that's so. Changed location may
get them handled in an idiotic and provocative way in
which bees never ought to be handled. Page 662.

c

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Feeding Light Colonies Now for Winter.

should set 38 as the limit, and would much rather have a
greater weight, yet if a colony in the cellar had that weight
I think I'd let it take its chances rather than to trouble it
before the first of April.

2. Don't try setting them out to give syrup after any
sort of fashion. Syrup belongs to flying weather, and if
you have no sealed combs now, feed candy after the instruc-
tions given in your bee-book. It might pay to buy section-
honey to feed rather than to give syrup now.

The bees are lighter in stores this season than they have
ever been before. If I had known they were as light as
they are I would have fed them early in the fall. They
have always weighed from 60 to 80 pounds, but this season
they weigh only from 38 to 54 pounds.

1. Will a colony in an 8-frame hive weighing from 38 to
40 pounds have stores enough to last until April 1, winter-
ing in the cellar ?

2. Is there any way that I could feed them now so they
will have stores enough to last until April ? I have them
in the cellar now. I have about 8 colonies that are very
light. How would it do to set them out some good, warm
day for a flight, then fill some of the empty combs with
sugar syrup. Wisconsin.

Answers. — 1. When you ask about a colony in an 8-
frame hive weighing 38 pounds, I suppose you mean the
hive with bottom-board and cover. Wintered in the cellar
under favorable conditions, you hardly need to worry much
about its pulling through till April 1. At a rough guess, I
should say that about 8 colonies out of 10 would make it.
Two colonies may each weigh the same, and yet there may
be several pounds difi'erence in the amount of honey they
have; one may have older and heavier combs than the
other, and it may have a larger store of pollen. Two colo-
nies under the same conditions, apparently just alike, and
having the same amount of stores, may consume unequal
quantities — I don't know why — possibly because one is of a
more quiet disposition, and so consumes less. Although I

Preventing Honey from Candying.

What do dealers in honeyputiuit to prevent it from
candying ? There is honey on the market here, put up in
Chicago, that never candies, and they warrant its purity. I
put mine up in pint cans, and after it candies many do not
like to buy it. I believe tartaric acid will prevent it. How
much dare I put in it without impairing the taste ?

Iowa.

Answer. — I somewhat doubt whether any honest dealer
puts anything into honey to keep it from candying. I am
afraid enough of any acid to prevent granulation would be
an injury to the honey. Can you not educate your custom-
ers to reliquefy their candied honey ?

Drone-Excluding Zinc— Crosses of Bees— Prolific Bees.

1. Is there any drone-excluding zinc that will not ex-
clude the queen ? If so, what is its cost ?

2. Is a cross between Carniolans and Italians as good,
or better than either crossed with the blacks ?

3. Which is the most prolific bee 7 Virginia.

Answers. — 1. Yes; or at least there was ; the perfora-
tions barring the drones, but passing the queens.

2. Yes, probably.

3. The queen. Amongst queens the Carniolans are
noted for prolificness.

Directions for Arranging a House-Apiary.

Is there any book published that gives definite direc-
tions for the inside arrangements of a house-apiary. If
there is none, perhaps some contributors would favor us
with the same in the Bee Journal. Washington.

Answer. — Perhaps Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture " has
as much as you will find in any book. I suppose the chief
thing as to inside arrangement is to have places for the
lower tier of hives (the hives being the same as those used
on the summer stands), shelves to support those above the
lower tier, and passageways from each hive to the outer air
so arranged that no bee can get out into the inside only
when a hive is opened. I yield the floor to any one who
will tell the best way to do this.

Hive for Comb Honey- Wintering Bees-Shade, Etc.

1. You have invited your readers to ask questions, and
as I am a tender foot in the bee-business I accept your invi-
tation, as I am anxious to get started right. I started one
year ago last spring with one colony, and I now have 8. I
am using the alternating hive, which is a 2 story hive con-
taining 8 Hofi'man frames, 16'2 by 5|2 to each story. Now,
I want to know if this is a good hive for one who works for
comb honey.

2. I could not get my bees to work in the super, and
there was an abundance of alfalfa, buckwheat and other
plants to work on. What was the trouble ? Are my hives
too large ?

3. Would it do to use a queen-excluder between the two
stories of the hive ? or would it be detrimental to the work-
ers ?

4. Where is the best place to winter bees in this locality,
on the summer stands or in the cellar 7

5. Should the hives be set in the shade during the hot
weather ?

6. How much honey should a good, strong colony have
to winter well ?

7. What is the advantage of a two-story hive over a
one-story ?

8. What hive do you think is the best where one wants
the honey in supers or comb honey ?

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

779

9. My bees did not swarm much this season, and the
one colony which filled the super first was full of brood in
the center sections of the super when I took it off. Docs it
require the entire 16 frames for the brood ? Nebraska.

Answkks. — 1. It isn't so much the hive as the man and
uianagemeut. With right management there is no reason
why you should not have success with the hive you have.

2. Your two stories of eight frames each are equivalent
to 8 frames of the usual size, 175^x9,'s, and the trouble could
hardly have arisen from too large a hive. It is hard to
guess what the trouble was, and without knowing particu-
lars it must be only a guess, but it is just possible that your
colonies were not strong enough for good results.

3. The excluder would hardly help matters, for it would
only give the bees more room to store honey in the combs
from which the queen was excluded, while your desire is to
have the honey in sections.

4. You are just about in the center of Nebraska, and
the likelihood is that cellaring is best. Find out, however,
what has been the experience of others in your locality.

5. It will be well to have them in the shade, especially for
the comfort of the bee-keeper in hot weather, but it will not
do to move them into the shade when hot weather comes ;
before flying in the spring they must be where they are to
remain througVi the season.

6. For outdoors 30 pounds ; In the cellar 10 pounds less
may answer. As a matter of safety it is well to go beyond
these figures.

7. I'm not sure what it is in all cases. The chief advan-
tage in mj' own practice is that before the harvest there
may be plenty of room to develop a strong colony, and
when the harvest comes, reducing to one story gives all
room needed by the queen during the harvest.

8. I'm not sure that I know. Possibly locality and
management might make one best for one and another for
another. For my own use I have 8 frame dovetailed hives,

9. Your entire 16 frames being of such small size, are
scarcelj- too much for brood ; at least one story would not
be enough. If you mean that you allowed the two stories
for the queen, and that she had brood in the center of the
third story or super, I don't know what the trouble was. If
you mean that you were working for comb honey in the
second story, and that the queen laid in it, that is just what
might be expected ; for eight of your little frames gave her
too little room.

Number of Supers Needed Per Colony.

When the bees fill a super in th<_ spring or early sum-
mer, how soon may this super be taken off and still be run-
ning no risk of honey souring, as I have read that it does if
taken off too soon ? What I am figuring on is to know how
many supers will be needed per colony in a good honey sea-
son. Illinois.

Answer. — Take off" the super when all the sections are
sealed. Or, take it off when all but a few of the outside
sections are finished, and return the unfinished ones to be
finished. No matter how early it is taken off, there is no
need of its souring unless kept in a bad place. Keep it in a
dry, warm place, and it will be all right. A place where
salt will keep dry will be all right. A hot garret is one of
the best places.

I don't clearly see just what your question has to do
with the number of supers needed. That matter may be
figured in this Way : Get ready for each colony one more
super than the average number of supers filled in the be^t
season you ever had. Generally that will be more than you
will need ; but it does no harm to have some supers left over
for a future year, and it's a bad thing to be caught short.

Working Beeswax— Moulds for Same.

Where can I get information and books on working
beeswax 7 and, also, where can I get a mould for the same ?

Illinois.

Answer. — I suppose you refer to making comb founda-
tion. 1 don't know of any book that gives information
fuller than you will find in Root's " A B C of Bee-Culture."
In this country foundation is made by means of foundation
mills — run through a machine with two metal rolls, some-
thing after the fashion of a clothes-wringer. Foundation
mills are manufactured by the A. I. Root Co. A few years
ago many were making foundation, but gradually it has
been given up to a few who make a business of manufactur-
ing it, and it is doubtful if you will find it worth while to
make your own foundation. In Europe, thousands of bee-
keepers make their own foundation, partly because there is
some difficulty in buying foundation made of pure wax — let
us be thankful there is no such trouble in this country — but
they use the Rietsche press, pouring the hot wax into the
mould and pressing it. I don't know of any place where
you could get a press of that kind in this country.

tioldens or Red Clover Italians— Honey vs. Increase.

1. I had 10 colonies of hybrids, spring count, and took
off 1035 finished sections of honey, and increased to 25 colo-
nies. Now, I expect to try all goldens during 1904. Am I
starting right? I ask this as I see no records given of the
goldens as honey-gatherers, either average or leaders. I
want the nice color and honey-gathering qualities com-
bined, if possible.

2. Would it make crosser bees to cross the golden queens
with red clover drones, than to leave the goldens pure?

3. Once I was puzzled what to do with my bees ; they
had swarmed once apiece, the brood-frames were chock-full
of brood and sealed honey, giving the queen no room.
Swarms and all were alike ; I wanted comb honey, and no
more increase ; neither did I have a honey-extractor, or a
single empty hive. Now, what was the course to take in
this case? Iowa.

Answers. — 1. If you can do as well every year, you
ought hardly to complain of the bees you have now. Gold-
ens are not uniform in character. Some are reported as
poor workers and others good. Their color does not neces-
sarily make them either good or bad.

2. Probably not.

3. Pile on the sections, and possibly uncap some of the
brood-combs if too well filled with honey. But remember
that filling the brood-frames with brood does not usually
restrict the qijeen, for the young bees hatching out provide
empty cells for her.

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780

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

PUBLISHED WE«?KLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

Entered at the Post-Office at Chicacoas Second-
Class Mail-Matter.

EDITOR,
OE30K,a-BJW". "SrOK-IC.

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Mii,i,er, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $L00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
0 plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership, $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President — J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo,
decretory — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W, Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Lovelaod, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, StarkviUe, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiiE, ."orodiDo, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, V

B^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, -t the office of the American
Bee Journal.

A Celluloid Queen-JButton is a vciy

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Ithas
^•^'^^ a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 2S cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

A Good Wisconsin Report.

1 summered in Clark Co., Wis., last year,
but not liking the country, I moved back to
Grant Co., Wis., last .January. I went back
in March after my bees, and brought down 26
colonies, but when I came to look at them 4
were queenless, and some of the rest were very
light, so in May I bought 5 more colonies,
making 26 in all. From 4 of them I did not
get much honey, but from 23 colonies I got
4000 pounds of extracted honey, and 350
pounds of comb honey. Pretty fair, I think,
for Wisconsin.

I paid SI" tor the 5 colonies I bought, and
sold i;64.00 worth of honey from them. From
one colony that did not swarm at all I ex-
tracted 336 pounds of honey, I had 2 top
stories on them ; I had only 1 top story on all
the rest of my hives- If I had had 2 or 3 sto-
ries I believe I would have had 300 pounds of
honey to a colony, I lot them swarm just as
they wanted to, then let the new colonies store
comb honey, I had one colony that stored
255 pounds of extracted honey, and swarmed
twice. Only about half of my bees swarmed
at all.

I have 41 colonies in tine condition for win-
ter, none weighing less than 60 pounds, hive
and all, I hope next year will be half as good
as this year was, U, S, Botd,

Grant Co,, Wis,, Nov, 10,

Bees Did Fairly Well.

My bees did fairly well last season, Ihad 5
colonies; from 4 I got about 130 pounds of
comb honey; from the remaining one a swarm,
but very little honey, A neighbor about i^
mile away, who has kept bees for many
years, says that it was a poor year ; he got al-
most no surplus at all; sol think I made a
success, and hope to do better next year.

Wm. K, Martin.

Washington Co., Pa,, Nov, 23.

Results of the Past Season.

We started with .54 colonies of bees last
spring; they swarmed and increased to 112
colonies, and we got 2363 pounds of comb
honey, and SOI pounds of extracted honey.
We have sold .^30 worth, and have some on
hand j'et, Marion F, Andrews.

Des Moines Co,, Iowa, Nov, 16.

Light Crop of Honey.

I have just put my 220 colonies of bees into
the cellar for their winter sleep. We had a
light crop of honey this year,

I. A, Travis,

Wood Co., Wis., Nov. 16.

Report fOF the Season of 1903.

As the bees will not store any more honey
this season, and it is cold enough to put them
into the cellar, I will make a short report.

I started in the spring with 70 colonies; 2
were queenless, so I lost them. The rest
built up quite fast, and commenced to swarm
May 12, and if I was going to guess at the
number of times they swarmed I would put it
at about 50,000; but there was not that many,
but I increased to 130, I returned as many
swarms as I could make stay in the hive, and
more than 20 went to the woods. After June
1 I could be with them awhile only in the
afternoon, as I made a specialty of strawber-
ries, and strawberries and bees are in season
about the same time,

I use only the S-frame dovetail hive, with
shallow super for both comb and extracting,
I got a little over 13,000 pounds of honey,
counting the salable sections each 1 pound, of
which 3500—1 sold them at wholesale at 10
cents apiece; retail at 12,'., cents; the rest
was extracted, all white except 1200 pounds
was white and amber,mixed,Ljl use the 3'\x5

3 Do Yon Know f

about the CLUBBING OFFERS
of the MoDBRN Farmbr ?

Nothing- like them was ever
before made on this Continent.

Ask for FREE SAMPLE
COPY, and learn all about them
before you subscribe for any
othey- paper. They will save you
money.
A MODERN FARMER,

A ST. JOSEPH. MO.

Please mention Bee journal -when ■writmg

BARNES" FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., sajs: " We
cut with one of jour Com-
biued Machines, last winter,
SO chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood-
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.»
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. ItwilldoaU
you say it will.*' Catalog- and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
Please mention Bee Journal wtien -writiiifi.

The Rural Californian

Tells all about Bees in California. The yields
and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar-
Producing Plants; the liee-Ranches and how
hey are conducted. In fact the entire field is
ully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides
his the paper also tells you all about California
Ag^ricuUure and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6
months, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 ceuts.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN,
218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal.

The American Poultry Journal

325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

AlofllfMfll ^^^^ 's over a quarter of a
^UUl \V<XV century old and IS still grow-
ing" must possess intrinsic merit of its own, and
Us field must be a valuable one. Such is the

Amepiean Poultry Journal.

60 cents a Year. Mention the Bee Journal.

Wlease inent.>nn Bee .loumal ■when ■writiue

POULTRY SUCCESS.

iitifully illustrated. 50c yr.,
eaiiera how to succeed with I*(.iiltr>.
Special lutroductorv Offt-r.
years 60 cts; 1 yearSocts; 4nioiith';
tiiatlOcts. StampsQCcepted. Sample
copy IVee. 148 page illustrated practicul
poultry book free to yearly 6ubscriliei>..
Catalogue ol poultty publications free.

Poultry Success Co,,

Please menti*

I the

Spring^eld.O.
Bee Journal.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD

will sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate of a
fare and a third for the round-trip,
within distances of a 150 mile.s, Dec.
24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1, 1904,
good returning- to and including Jan.
4, 1904. Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel Plate Road. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Bureii Sts. — the o'nly
passenger station in Chicago on the
Elevated Loop. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 31— 49A4t

tSS'" A trootl example is contagious. If
love for woikand faithful performance radiate
from you, only the unworthy fail to lObserve
it. — Prluters'iJnk.

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

781

4 Percent Discount During December I

Send for our List, and order uow. Take advautat'e of this discount. Ha
hand ready for use.

JXJST THillSriC OF- IT !

If all of the Sectlo
would reach over Three Thousand Five Uundred Mile

: sold las; season were placed unfolded, in a straight line, the line

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WrSCONSIN. U.S.A.

I WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey 1

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

i The Fred W^MuthCa, '^■■''"*"c.SNTf..oH.o. i

oasf) tnention Bee Journal -wtieii ^?ntlng

I DITTMER'S FOUNDATION RrfTorks^X^E I

0 This foundation is made by a process that produces the superior of any. It is the 67

cleanest and purest. It has the brightest color and sweetest odor. It is the most trans- (A

parent, because it has the thinnest base. It is tough and clear as crystal, and gives more 0

sheets to the pound than any other malfe. Zl

Working; wax into Poundaition lor CasU a. Specialty. Bees- 9

wa;S alvt'ays 'wanted at liighe!«t price. (9

Catalog giving FULL IrlNE OF SUPPLIES with prices and samples, FREE on ap- •'

^'""E.'oiAiNGER & Co., Toronto, Out., GtS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis. g

Sole Agents for Canada. C

iOQQSSQS

f lease mention Boe joumai Twnen •writint

A GREAT SLASH IN RATES. I

jNow is the time to tjet your Supplies while low freight rates and early
order discounts are on. Reniemljer, you get

B On all orders received during Noveml:)er, where cash accompauies. Don't

^w delay, but think what a great saving this is. You get your goods for the

same as last year, even though the prices have advanced. If you haven't our Catalog,

send for same. It i's free.

5 Percent Discount-

HOIMEV AND BEESWZAX WAINITED. k

GRIGGS BROS. f

214 Jackson Avenue, - TOLEDO, OHIO. r

lie we can serve you
mpt, and get them at
bottom prices.

Order Your Bee-Sypplles Now ^

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

SSQSSSSSSSSSSSSSSQQQQSQ!

Let me SELL or BUY your |

HONEY I

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cincinnati. 0

^ IF IN NEED ^ I

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash S

basis, in buying- or sellin^^. f2

Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods 49

at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants. g

I C. H. W. WEBER a\TrM:J°TS°^^-^-""^° g

g 2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO. g

Please mention Bee joumal wnen wntrng

seelidii.s; they will hardly average 14 ounces
each, hut they look belter than the 4'^ see- .
tions.

I had several colonies each of which stored
over 400 pounds of extracted honey. I think
if I could have been with them more during
.June and part of July they would all have
averaged 300 pounds to the colony, spring
count. Geohoe a. Oumeht.

Dubuque Co., Iowa, Nov. 11).

Wet Season for Bees.

The past season was very wet for the bees.
All the honey they got was from white clover,
in June and .July ; later they did not gather
enough to live on. I sold several pounds of
honey at 12 cents a pound, just loose from
the frame, not in sections; I could have sold
several pounds more, but I want my bees to
have plenty of stores for winter.

I had only 2 colonies last spring; one
swarmed once, and the other twice. This fall
I took oft an 8-frame hive-body which had
been put on the hive of one of the old colo-
nies in June, and I found it plump full of
white honey, no beebread at all. I took out
4 frames, and one of them weighed 6 pounds,
which I thought was good weight; and the
other 4 frames full I left in, and run a swarm
in, which I bad brought from the woods. So
I have 0 colonies with plenty of stores for
winter. I have cut down 7 bee-trees, but
there wasn't 10 pounds of honey in the 7;
they had combs 5 feet long, but nearly all was
brood-comb.

I use the S-frame dovetailed hive, and run
for comb honey only. I winter my bees with
supers on top filled with leaves, which I think
will keep them dry and warm.

B. F. Schmidt.

Clayton Co., Iowa, Nov. IS.

A Season's Experience.

In accord with the editorial of last issue to
" let our light shine," I am going to let my
darkness shine (for I am only a beginner) for
a few minutes, if you will.

I began the year with 3 colonies, Nos. 1, 2
and a. I worked for extracted honey, for
which I get 20 cents a pound, or one quart
jar for .50 cents, the jar to be returned.

Having read several items in the bee-papers
stating that it is not necessary to have a
queen-excluder under an extracting super,
that the queen would not go up there to lay,
I did not put any on. A week later I went

POULTRY PAYS

when the hens lay. Keep them
laying. For hatfhing and brood-
ing use the best reasonable priced
Incubators and Brooders — built
upon honor, sold upon j^uarantee,

THE ORMAS

L. A. Banta, Ltffonler, Indiana

Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.

The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004, at rate of a fare and a third for
the round-trip, within distances of ISO
miles, good returning to and including
Jan. 4, 1904. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining cars. No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel Plate
Road. Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop. 'Phone Central
2057. 30-49A4t

ALIFORNIA FOR 2«

The M'estern Kmplrr, 164 Times KIL.Vlo* Anffelea

f lease mention Bee Joamal \7hen 'WTitlii£

782

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

I Bee=Supplies I

S _ Don't Wait flnij Longer to Buij. 8

S BiQiDiscountior Orders Now. g

K Write us today and say what you S

% want, aod get our prices. New catalog g

jj will soon be out; it is free. ?4

H We also handle the famous %

» Roosier Incubators and Brooders, g
'? C.M.Scott & Co. g

. 1004 East Washington Street, 45

Indianapolis, Ind. J?

.:. »

49Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

SfGRAPEVINES

100 Varieties. Also Small Fruils, Troes, »c. );.~ti.iut.
ed^tock. Genuine, cheap. '.jMni.iilu vines rriuiieJ lorlOc.
Uescriptiveprice-iistlree. Lewis Koesch, Fredonla.N.V.

A YOUNG MAN, able and

willing to work, to learn

_ __ the metal business. Good

'Address, METAL FIRM,

Care American Bee Journal,
4'iA2t 144 East Erie Street, Chic.igo, III.

Wanted

No Gold Corners

In Sowa Round IncuSiators

SB=«-— ,-j (=*»- No half warmed egffs. By

% \^3 / '■•round" system every egg
I l^m/ ^^'^ same heat — bigger per
I *""^ cent of eggs hatched. Spec-
if ^ '^^ regulator overcomes at^
'^"^ iiospheric changes. Free
ataUii;: tells the whole story.
IOWA INCUBATOR^COMPAHT. BOX 198, DES MOINES. IOWA
flease meution tiee journal when -writl^ia.

^5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We »-lll present you with the first $5 yoo
take in to etart you in a good paying busi-
ness. Send 10 cents for full line of samples
and directions how to betrin-

DRAPER PtBLISBINQ CO., Chlcaco, llli

HON_EY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at f4.00 per gross. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

IT IS A FACT

that poultry pays a larger profit
for the money invested than any
other business; that anybody may
make a success of it without long
training or previous experience;
that the Reliable Ineubntora and lirooders will give
the best resultsin allcases. Ouraoth Century Poultry
Book tells just why. and a hundred othe.- tilings you
should know. We mail the book tor 10 cents. Write
to-ilay. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry.

BEUABLE SNCUBATOR &'bROODER CO.. im B 153 guincy.MI.

Please mention Bee Journal when

■itinp

through the hive and found to my disgust all
vacant cells in the supers occupied Ijy eggs, a
great many of them drone-cells. After a care-
ful search I found only one of the queens in
the supers, and placed her below ; this was
No. 3. Then I put on the excluders, and
closed up the hives.

The following Saturday (I can examine my
hives only on Saturdays) I found the same
condition of things in Nos. 1 and 3, and the
brood-nest getting empty. Another careful
.'earch for the queens resulted in my finding
No. 1, but not No. 2. For the following three
Saturdays we had rain so I was unable to
open the hives, but on the followitg Sunday I
was called from church by a neighbor; my
bees were swarming. I took the hive all to
pieces looking for the queen again without
success, cut out 8 fine queen-cells from one
comb, and destroyed all others that I could
find, and closed up the hive again.

Well, this colony swarmed every day from
that Sunday for about a week, and I stayed at
home two or three times to take care of them.
I knew they would not goaway, as the queens
were clipped, but I wanted to stop their fool-
ing and find the queen. Finally, despairing of
finding her, I took queen No. 1 with theeomb
and bees on which she was, and placed it in
the middle of the brood-nest of No. 3; took
out all the old empty combs from another
hive, shut it all up, and was about to go,
when I found a group of bees on the ground,
and on examining it I found my long lost
queen! What was I to do, open hive No. 2
again and look tor the iiueen I had just put
in J Not much! 1 had enough of that. I
simply ran No. 3 queen in at the entrance of
No. 1 with a pull of smoke and went about
my lousiness. Very simple introduction, was
it noti Notwithstanding all this fussing I
got 119 pounds of comb and extracted (mostly
extracted) honey from the 3 colonies, and
made a new colony with one of the queen-cells
from No. 2.

I had a good crop for this section. With
this years' experience I hope to do better next.
A. C. Jacot.

Richmond Co., N. Y., Nov. 17.

WEAK
EYES

CURED

AT HOME.

simple but certain home cure which has
not only saved dollars for t'.iouaands, but
saved eye sight of inestimable value. The

Chilian Eye Treatment e

removes cataracts without the knife, at
home, cures granulated lids, floating
specks, scums, growths, sore and inllamed
eyes, failing sight, or we refund your
money. Send full description of your case
and ask for our free booklet and advice.
Clilllan Remsdr Co.. 67 G St , BushneM, minols

Please meatiOD Bee Joumai -wnea wrritine

ZW° Never give up as long as there is a
spark of life left in your business. Good ad-
vertising and hard work will fan the tiniest
spark to a fiame. — Printers' Ink.

QQSQSSSSSSQSSSSSQSQS5QQQSSQSSSSSSSSSSSSSSQSQQSQSSS

"^"¥^1

R,HiI3 OA-K:, I0"WA..

4 Percent ^^ |

Discount ia |

December |

iJn all orders where cash ij

accompanies. We fur- g

nish everything needed ff)

in the Apiary. g

Catalog and priee-list S

FREE. »

48Atf a

SiSSSSSSQQSQQSSQQSSQQSSSiSSQQQSSSQQSSSSSQQSSQQQSQQS!

J^fiftfiftj^

Jj jfaL >ti ite. Jli >ti >te. >te >fe. Jte >t4 ito. >titi.

Bee - Supplies ! I

■^ Root's Goods at Root's Prices ^

^ Everything used by Bee-keepers. ^

'' POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. i^

a Prompt Service. '&.

'^ Low Freieht Rates. (*■

Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates.

NEW CATALOG FREE. ^
^ WALTER S. POUDER. ^

y^ 512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ^

>]>?•• TT^'W >;<■ ■>?<■>?«:>?«:"»;»: >$>>?<■ 7^ >;«:(?

Hease mention Bee Journal wnen ■roritm^

Bouies.
Jars.

of every
descrip-
tion . .

Honey
Dealers

G. G. STUTTS GLftSS GO.,

IVlanufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N.Y.

45DSt Write for illustrations.

rtep«e mention Beo Journal when roriting

iHUMPHREYc»^

Pure Air BROODER I

ies every healthy chick. Lrnlikel

fl M all others. Perfectly ventilated. I
Always cle,in. Send at once fur our Free Poultry Euok. I
HUMPHREY, Kemp Street Factory, JOLIET. ILLINOIS. |

Please mention Bee Jotimai wiifUi wtitlikfi;

2C n ft A Ikr ot the very best Extracted
3,UUU IDS. Money for .sale in new cans

-^^— — ^— =— — at 6J4 cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. I white comb honey
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

P. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

I2 80

200 Egg
iNCUSATOR

I Perfect in conatruction ana ^fr'^^^^*?//
I Bcliou. liatches every fertile
I egg. Wiite for catalog to-day,

[qEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III

45A26t Please ment

MouniUnionGolleoe )■

Open to both sexes from the begin- \

ning. Founded id 1846. Highest grade ^

scholarship. First-class reputation. 25 V

instructors. Alumni and students occu- ^

pying highest positions ia Church and ^

State. Expenses lower than other col- V

leges of equal grade. Any young person \.

with tact and energy can have an educa- f*

tion. We invite correspondence. Send V

for catalog. i.

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE, r

Alliance, Ohio. w

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to tbe Trade.

Dec. 3, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

783

Carbon-Bisulphide for Fumigation of
Combs.

Here is the experience of " A Yorl< County
Bee-Keeper " as given in The Canadian Bee
.Journal:

Having a few hundred extracting-combs
stored away at an out-yard, that had been left
olT the hives at last extracting as there is no
fall pasture, I noticed at my last visit that
the moths were bothering them a little. Hav-
ing nothing at my disposal but a large empty
box Inade of matched lumber, but minus a lop,
stacked the combs on the door, placed a dish
on lop of them with about two spoonfuls of
Ibe drug, and then turned the Ijox upside
down over all.

I forgot to say that the comlis were in an
upper room of a dwelling-house, and although
the lloor was matched, lathed and plastered,
the intoleralile odor of carbon-bisulphide
penetrated through all and makes things
quite unpleasant for awhile. Did it kill the
moths! Believe It would kill anything that
was forced to inhale the horrible stench that
it emits. Nevertheless it is a handy way of
fumigating combs; away ahead of the old
sulphur plan.

Sour Honey— Wliat to Do With It.

Last spring I secured from another bee-
keeper a few hives of bees. Wishing to in-
crease them as much as possible I divided
them. One nucleus that reared a young
queen built up quickly and strong, and this
fall I took 4S pounds of surplus honey from
them. Now comes the queer part of it:
While the whole 48 pounds was nicely capped,
it was all soured, full of air-cells, and foamy,
tastes and smells distinctl.y sour. Now that
is something I never saw before. I should
like to know the reason of it. I was thinking
of using the honey as bee-feed to build up
weak colonies, but intend to cook it first.
Wouldn't it be a good idea to add sugar
syrup to it ? It seems to me the fault must
be in the bees, and that hive is marked for re-
queening. I will say for the old queen that,
while this is her third season, she built a
strong colony from a nucleus, and stored 85
pounds of honey. J. T. Reno, Jr.

Soured honey would be absolutely unfit to
give your bees for winter food. I would ad-
vise you to extract all of it, and then feed the
bees good, clean, pure sugar syrup. The
honey that you extract you can improve some-
what by boiling; then for the purpose of
stimulating brood-rearing you possibly can
feed it out again to the bees next spring; but
a belter way would be to make honey vinegar
of it. Such vinegar is much superior to ordi-
nary cider vinegar. — Gleanings in Bee-Cul-
ture.

Late Feeding of Bees for Winter.

The very best way to feed bees which are
found short of stores at this season of the year,
is to get granulated sugarand melt it up, put-
ting in just as little warm water as is neces-
sary to liquify it. Then boil it over a slow
fire (being careful not to let it burn, as burnt
sugar is not good for bees) until it will harden
when cool, into a solid cike. One can tell
when it has boiled enough by dropping some
of the liquid into cold water. When it is
thick enough to harden thoroughly pour it
into pans, and mold into cakes about 8 pounds
in a cake, or a cake o inches long, 5 inches
wide and 2 inches thick.

Lay some sticks about half an inch thick
across the frames, directly above the cluster
of bees, and put a cake of sugar on them.
Cover this with an old sack, or any kind of
heavy cloth, and if you wish, you can put on
top of this some leaves, oats chaff, or several
thicknesses of newspaper. Cover all up
snugly and the bees will go through the cold
weather all right, even though they do not
have an ounce of honey. However, in that

case, they should be fed a Ihin syrup in the
spring, as soon as it warms up. What re-
mains of the cake of sugar can be melted up
tor this purpose.

It is not a bad plan to put one of these
cakes on every colony, as bees sometimes,
during a long cold spell, get out of honey
directly above the cluster, and die of starva-
tion when there is plenty of honey in the hive
in the other combs which they cannot reach.
They form a compact cluster as soon as cold
weather sets in, and never leave it until it
warms up so bees can fly out. Bees never
freeze in these clusters, if there is plenty of
food directly above them, as they can follow
the heat rising from the cluster, but cannot
move any other way. — Modern Farmer and
Busy Bee.

CONVENTION NOFICES.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 22, l')03, at 10 a.m. This will
be the retrular business meeting of the Society
for electing officers, payment of annual dues,
and any other business which may come before
this meeting. Annual dues. SI.Ou, which also
includes a membership in the State and Na-
tional Associations. T. I, Dugdale, Sec.

F. P. J.^NSEN, Pres.

Missouri. — The Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec. 15,
1903. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in bees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid,
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer.
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
you can return for ^i fare.

W. T. Caky, Sec. J. W. Rouse, Pres.

fffi

:;

— =±it:

r3^"

"■1

1

hm^^

^^tt

Just As Soon As

vou get tliroutrh experimenting, you'll be URlnp

Page FenL-e. Our lithographed catalog telle wby!

PAGE >VOVKN WIUKFkNCK CO., Adrian, Midi.

Please mention Bee journal -wlien 'WTi.tme

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogdeii, Utah.
46Atf Please mentioa the Bee Jo'irnal.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
uo-drip shipping'-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER.
2146-48 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED—Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state cjuantitTf quality and price asked
for your offering-s, Thos. C. Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

ssii^; rtnuti

STROMGCST
MADE. Bull

'hol„ale
talop Free.
" CO.

c. s. .
Please mention the Bee Journal

FOR SALE

White Clover Extracted Honey, which was all
taken from upper stories with a queen-excluder
between, and the combs were nearly all sealed
solid before extracting-. It is very thick, and
has that fine rich flavor that only honey IJior-
oughly ripened in the hives can have. I would
like to obtain a few more customers who would
appreciate a line article. Price, in new 60-lb.
cans, on board cars here, cash with order— one
can, 8Mc a poiiud; 2 or more cans, sc; sample,
Sc. References: (leorge W. York, the A. I. Root
Co., and the Chatfield National iJank.

49A3t C. MONETTE. Chatfield. Hinn.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.^KKIvT QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Nov. 7.— The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difiicult to give accurate figures. Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower. Extracted, white, brings 6tai7J4c, ac-
cording to kind, flavor and package; amber,
5]4&(.,^c, Beeswax, 28@30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 0.— Honey arriving very
freelv the last week and prices little easier.
This' month is best month in the year for de-
mand of comb honey. We quote fancy white,
16f"17c: No. 1. 14@lSc; buckwheat, fancy, 15c.
Extracted, white, 7^i8c; amber, 6f«;7c. Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission. Wm. A. Selser.

Alhany, N. Y., Nov. 27.— Honey market some
lower since the cold weather andThanksgiviog
demand over. We quote: Fancy white, 15c;
No. 1, 14@14Hic; buckwheatand mi.\ed, 13c. Ex-
tracted, steady and quiet; buckwheat, <p''.;c; clo-
ver, 7c; mixed and amber, 6@fi'tjc. Beeswax,
2^(5^ 30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2f>.— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quautiiies offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold in single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at S;\i"'6>^c. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7H&>^t4Ct according
to quality. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demandj-for
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy while comb, 14@15c; A No. 1, 135^
@14c; No. 1, I3@13>sc; No. 2, 12@12Hc; No. 3,
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll(aJ12c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6,^(®7c; amber, 6@6^oc; dark,
5H@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Nov. 25. — Western honey is arriving
more freely in our State, causing a slight drop
in prices. Fancy No. 1, in cartons, brings 17c;
A No, 1, 16c; No. 1, ISc. Extracted, white.Sl^c;
light amber, 7@7^;c; amber, 6@7c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & Lke.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, per case. $3.00; No. 1,
white and auober, 12-75; No. 2, $2.50. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5@6c. Beeswax, 25@30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.
Cincinnati, Nov. 24 — The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted, is sold as follows; Amber, in bar-
rels, from 5Ji@5J-6c; in cans about % cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@6^ cents; white clover,
6^^W7^c. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Fancy water-
white, 14(<iilSc. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

New York, Sept. 28.— Comb honey is arriving
quite freely now. and is finding ready sale at 15
cents per pound for fancy white, 13@l4c for No.
1 white, and 12c for No. 2 white and amber.
Very little buckwheat on the market as yet,
and prices are hardly established.

Extracted honey is ruling about the same as
last with plenty of offerings of all grades.

Beeswax is somewhat declining and selling
at present at from 28"'-2'*c per pound.

Hildreth & Segelken.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13rail4 cents; amber, 9@llc. Extracted,
white, 5H@6}ic\ light amber, 5@55^c; amber,
^y-ig-Sc; dark amber, 4@4i^c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27J^@20c; dark, 25@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the only kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyer:. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

WANTEDT^^HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Obio.

784

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 3, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
iQ the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If jou buy of us yoii
vt'iSl mot be disiippointed.
We are undersold l>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M, Gerrish» Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

▼ ▼▼■▼▼▼▼▼ ▼▼▼▼»

Flease mentloit Bee JoumaJ "when ■wntlna-

You Will Have lo Hurru

You will have to get your inquiries ia before
Dec. 15 if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white

^"f HE WOOD-BRUSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO.,

iLiA-isrsiisra-, - ly/ricH:.

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

$300,000,000.00 A YEAR

and you may have part of It If you work
for UB, Uncle Sam's poultry product pays
that iom. Send 10c for samples and partic-
ularfl. We furnlnh capital to start you in
boBlneBs. Draper PnblUhlosCo.,Chic«eoJU.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Four percent off for cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON,

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

T. F. BINQHAM. Farwell. Mich

FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS

for -r---

200,000

Poor People

will be supplied by
the Salvation
Army throuehout
the U.S. Will you
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the

Salvation

Army

CHICAGO

Headquarters

399 State Street

CUcago. lU.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It 1.
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Emerson " no farther binding Is neces-
•ary.

QEORaE W. YORK & CO.,

144 A 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILI,.

We will Btart you In
h the c&pital. Work
Send 10 centa for full

line or SAmples and particulars.
DRAPES PUBLISBINQ CO., CUcago, Ills

iis.J^lAJS,.ig.ja;,.iS,js,jii^s,jg,ja,,js,js^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

^^e CrUflrantee .Sflfl^farf mn ^hat more can anybody do? beauty,
yVC J^Ucll<tlll.CC .:7ctl.l!>l<lCLlUIl. purity. PIRMNESS. No SAOaiNa,
No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.

^^hv dne4 it «ell «n WpII ? Secanse it has always given better satis-
VVIl^ UUC» IL bCII SU well r faction than any other. Because In 25 years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS •*

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-BeG — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill I

Please mention Bee JoTuna] when -writiiie

BEST

&xira6l)6(l Honey For §al6 !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey J/<C

This is the famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey X

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can @8c $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @7>^c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7}ic price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can @9c $ 5.40

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESAVAX WANTED— We are paying 28 cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY'JAKS— Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 East Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Bee Journal

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 10, 1903.

No. 50.

786

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10 1903.

PUBLISHED WEtKLV BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPAINY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr.C.C.Millbr, E.E.Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy f reo.

The Wrapper-Ljabel Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
eplication.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W, Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Udo Tokpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE, Eorodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

5^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, -t the office of the American
Bee Journ 1.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very

pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to

'^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

Thepictureshown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the nnderside to

fasten it. Price, by mall, 6 cents; two for Wc;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Jonrnal.

Some Good MlJinQ Oilers.

As this is the time of year when most subscribers renew their subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention to the following-, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all :

lu^ -I The Bee Journal and Dr. Miller's "Forty Years

''"• * Among- the Bees " (book alone, $1.00) Both for $1.75

Wf. f) The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-

nU. Z er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

f^f. "l The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's "Langstroth

llU. J on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20) " 2. 00

fjf. A _ The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's "Scientific

nU. * Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00).... " 1.7S

1^ -. r The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's " Scientific

ilU. J Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c) " 1.50

|u_ XT Bee Journal a year and Standard Untested Italian

llU. O Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc) " 1. 50

j^_ fj TheBee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"

1"U. / with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25) " 2. CO

9j^ o The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder," for

I'd). O holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) " I. CO

|u_ Q The Bee Journal a year and an " Emerson Binder,"

l^U. V (st;g board) (binder alone, 60c) " 1.40

ju_ in The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-

l^U. lU ping Device," (device alone, 25c) " ".OO

|ki_ -ii The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

nU. II Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc) " 1. 50

»i^ ity The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

no. 1/ Honey," (paper bound) " I.IO

|ki- < "i The Bee Journal a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-

no. IJ Culture," (book alone, $1.20) 1 " 2.00

IMrt 1A The Bee Journal a year and a Foster Stylographic

no. 1* Pen (Pen alone, $1.00) " 1.75

Send all orders to GEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i-'ULL Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbea orderiug-, be sure tp say just what name and
Address you wish put on the Knite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German stiver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are ihe
owner will never recover it; but if the *' Novelty *' is lost, having name and address
of ownei', the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destr<n' the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the *' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanying cu' gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
this^beautiful knife, as th^ " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending us \riKEE new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withS-'^W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Beo Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO.

49-piease allop" ■'bout two weeks tor your knife order to t>e fllleo.

Chicaga 111

'0&'BUIC^

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, DEC. 10, 1903,

No, 50.

Editorial Comments

)

The National Election this Month.

During this month the members of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association will be called upon to vote for several directors and a
general manager, whose terms of office expire witti the end of this
year.

We believe it is a good thing to have the directors scattered over
the country as widely as possible. It would be better, we thinii, if
there were only one director in a State, no matter what the member-
ship of any State is, as the Association is National, not only in name,
but in influence and in extent.

Canada should be represented on the Board of Directors by one
member, at least. Mr. Wm. McEvoy has been prominently men-
tioned. We hope he will be elected.

But each voter should remember that he has the right to vote for
any member he pleases, regardless of what anybody else may say.

Honey SuperioF to Sugar as a Food.

Dr. J. H. Kellogg, the well known medical authority, has given
honey a strong endorsement in Gleanings in Bee-Culture. For the
sake of the health of the public at large, it would be a fine thing if
it could be copied by all the papers in the land. He says ;

I consider honey much preferable to cane-sugar as a food. It is
practically a fruit sugar, and is ready for absorption. Eaten in mod-
erate quantities it ought to tax the digestive organs much less than
cane-sugar, and is to be commended.

Many persons ought to be able to utilize honey who can not use
cane-sugar. Adults often lack the power to digest cane-sugar. Cane-
sugar is chiefly obtained from grasses and roots. It is a sugar adapted
to herbivorous animals. One of the four stomachs of the cow secretes
a ferment which is capable of digesting cane-sugar. Digestion of cane-
sugar converts it into honey, so honey is practically cane-sugar already
digested.

Malt sugars are best of all, as they are adapted to the human
digestive apparatus, being the natural result of the action of saliva on
starch. I think maltose is preferable to all sugars; but honey comes
next, and I frequently recommend my patients to use it when they do
not find it convenient to use malt sugars. So I consider that you and
your busy bees are engaged in good missionarj' work, and you have
my hearty sympathy. Knowledge in health-lines is increasing at a
very rapid rate these latter days.

What is a Bee-Seout?

Some readers may wonder why such a question is asked, because
they are familiar with the word, and have never heard it used with
any other meaning than that of a bee going out in advance to select a
place for the future home of a swarm. The dictionary confirms this
view.

It appears, however, that in England the name is applied to those
bees which are on the lookout against intruders, as described by a
writer in the British Bee Journal in these words:

There seems no reasonable doubt that the duties of the scouting
bee are as clearly defined and deliberately assumed as are those of the
sentinel, though the elusiveness of her movements, owing to the fact
that they have to be performed on the wing, may lead to the notion
that she is nothing more than a chance member of the community

whose temper has become upset, and habits of industry in conse-
quence temporarily diverted from their usual peaceful course. In
spring and early summer it is true her numbers are insignificant, and
her special duties can then scarcely be said to have been taken up in
earnest ; but as the season advances the ranks of the bee-scout be-
come recruited, and their attitude towards supposed intruders more
aggressive. This remark may not wholly apply to cases where undue
irritation has been brought about by accident or awkward handling,
but in a well-managed apiary it is interesting to note the strictly limited
area within which ihe aggressive attentions of the bee-scout are ob-
servable. Her function is to circle around within a few yards of the
hive, and, unless actually following up an attack, her threatening
attitude is scarcely exhibited beyond the prescribed limits. To the
writer it appears that the zone of the scout's greatest activity lies
within a distance of perhaps from two to seven or eight yards of home,
and what is more striking, she seems, as a rule, to pay little attention
to any one standing close against the hive, as, for instance, in an act
of manipulation.

It will be seen that a class of bees is spoken of entirely different
from those called scout-bees in this country. Indeed, it is a question
whether heretofore the bees spoken of by the British writer have ever
been considered as a separate class ; and yet he may be right in thus
speaking of them. Any experienced bee-keeper will recall one or
several cross bees following him persistently about the apiary, perhaps
all day long. Are not such bees detailed specially for that duty? But
it will hardly do to call them scout-bees, so long as that term is already
in use for another purpose. Shall they be called picketx? or is there
some better name? ^^^^^___^^^

Sense of Location in Bees.

This has attracted a good deal of attention. Some have thought
them possessed of a special sense that allows them to return with un-
erring certainty from any point of the compass directly to their own
home. In finding their home they are most assuredly not entirely
guided by the appearance of that home itself, for it a hive in an api-
ary be removed ten feet from its location, the returning field-bees will
never find it, although its appearance be exactly the same as before
removal. C. Krah, in Praktischer Wegweiser, argues that there is no
special sense in the case, that it is a matter of memory pure and sim-
ple. Observation and reflection help to establish this view.

Note the careful manner in which a bee marks its location when
it takes its first fiight, as also when it voluntarily changes location at
swarming, or when changed a considerable distance to a new location.
At first thought it might appear that it is merely noting the appear-
ance of its hive, but its constantly widening circles favor the belief
that it is taking an inventory of a wider circle of objects, with its hive
as a central point. After the winter's confinement, or after a consid-
erable confinement at any other time, a fresh marking takes place as
if to refresh the memory. Then, after the marking is carefully done,
no time is wasted in recounoitering to find the right place on subse-
quent flights, but depending upon its memory for the appearance of
surrounding objects, perhaps for a great distance in all directions, it
goes in a bee-line direct to the central point of the objects previously
noted. ^^^^^^^^^^

Improvement of Stock.

Under this heading, in the American Bee-Keeper, with no com-
ment unless it be the sub-head, " A New Idea as to Means of Facilita-
ting this Desirable Result," appears the following in an article by G.
B. Crum:

I have combs built part way down and give these to queenless colo-
nies to start dummy cells on the lower edge, which I use by putting la
larvie, changing them again in from 13 to 20 hours; that is, taking

788

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

out those first inserted and substituting a new batch. " Oh, that's
nothing new," you say. Now hold your tongue and wait until I am
through.

My cell-building colonies are broodless — composed of bees not one
of which is under ten days old. You say, " Why go contrary to all
orthodox rules?" Because young bees like " pap " better than old
ones. To satisfy yourself upon this point, just give a frame of eggs
to a colony with no bees under ten days old, and another to a colony
which has just been deprived of all brood and eggs. You will find
that the former are much better fed than the latter.

Now, for my plan of selecting queen mothers: I select a queen
that has just begun laying, regardless of what she may prove after-
wards, a.s to color, etc. I closely follow up this method from genera-
tion to generation, from April to October. Thus, it will be seen, it
is possible to get ten generations in one year — 40 generations in four
years — which Is about the extreme limit of a queen's life, which is used
as a drone-mother. Now, observe that it is thus possible for a queen
to be a half-sister to her fortieth grandmother. You inquire, " Well,
what do you gain by all this?" Well, I gain along stride ahead of
Nature, and, I believe, a queen whose workers have few equals and no
superiors.

This is interesting, if for nothing else, for its audacity in going
square against all established precedent. Bees under ten days old are
cho.sen to rear queen-cells because " young bees like ' pap ' better than
old ones." Are we to understand that " pap " is prepared by the older
bees and fed to those under ten days old? Is there any proof for this
new doctrine? Mr. Crum says that by taking queen-mothers at ran-
dom, only so they are young, he gains a long stride ahead of Nature.
One would be better satisfied to have something beyond the mere
assertion that there is great gain. Is there any gain beyond that of
rearing from young queens? and is that a gain at all?

Taking the Candying Notion Out of Honey.

H. G. Quirin gives, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, an account of
some experience in the matter a dozen of years ago. He says :

" In June, or when the first white-clover honey came in, we ex-
tracted a gallon, which we wished to use for making queen-candy. As
the honey was rather thin, we placed the jar on the reservoir of the
kitchen stove, with the injunction that it was to stay there till we re-
moved it. Well, it stayed there for perhaps two months, the tempera-
ture varying all the way from 7.5 to 150 degrees, or perhaps a little
higher at times. This honey was kept for two years, and part of the
time in winter, when it went as low as zero, but it never candied. At
present we keep our honey in five or six 60-pound cans blocked up
back of the kitchen stove for several weeks before bottling. We be-
lieve this will keep it from going to candy until the grocer sells it. We
find alfalfa honey quite stubborn. You can melt this honey in the
oven, and it's ready to sugar the next day or two."

This is interesting, not because new, but because it corroborates
the view that honey kept for a sufficient length of time at a high tem-
perature, whether it be comb or extracted, will remain free from gran-
ulating. Not only that, but comb honey thus treated will stand zero
freezing without cracking across the face of the comb, as honey gen-
erally does.

If you have a garret up against the roof, where the heat is suffo-
cating on warm days in summer, try putting some honey there, leav-
ing it throughout the summer, and then see how much better it will
stand the cold of the following winter.

A Peculiarity of Eucalyptus Trees.

At least of some of the characteristics of eucalyptus trees can not
fail to impress those who see them for the first time. The leaves of
the lower part of the tree differ in size and color from those on the
rest of the tree. There is not merely a little diflerence, but the differ-
CBce is striking. Neither is there a gradual shading from one kind
to the other, but an abrupt change, so that one seeing a tree of the
kind for the first time is likely to think some small bush with larger
leaves is growing at the foot of the large tree.

Cold Water Introduction of Queens.

The Australian Bee-Bulletin says- "A Frenchman, in introduc-
ing queens, puts the caged queen in the mve. Next day he takes
the cage (queen included), puts it in a cup of cold water, and then
turns the wet queen loose, lie says he never lost a queen in this way."
However French may be the man who introduced that custom, he is
none other than our own Adrian Getaz, down in Tennessee.

The Premiums we offer are all weH worth working for.
Look at them.

(

Miscellaneous Items

Clipping Queens has become quite the fashion in this coun-
try, but the British Bee Journal says it has never found favor in
England.

Math. AV. Krudwig, an Iowa bee-keeper, while working
around his bees the past season, was slung on the tongue by a bee.
His tongue swelled up terribly, and was unable to talk for several
hours. He was obliged to seek medical aid to relieve the pain and
swelling.

Mr. Will. Hoss, of Ventura Co., Calif., passed through Chi-
cago recently on his way home, after spending a week or two in Can-
ada, where he used to live before going to a sunnier clime. Mr. Ross
is the bee-keeper who had a summer tent-cottage on Catalina Island.
He helped make our short stay there pleasanter.

The Chicago-Northwestern Convention was held last
Wednesday and Thursday as announced. It was a " great meeting " —
so " they say." About 100 bee-keepers were in attendance, and from
beginning to end it was one continuous stream of good bee-talk. We
believe it will make one of the very best reports that was ever pub-
lished. It was all taken in shorthand by and for the American Bee
Journal. So look out for the report in these columns later on.

Secretary H. C. Morehouse, of the Colorado Bee-Keepers'

Association, writing us Nov. 38, said this concerning their annual
meeting held in Denver last month :

" The meeting was the best one ever held in the name of the
Colorado Association, and the subjects presented were of great in-
terest to bee-keepers throughout the West. The spirit of absolute
harmony prevailed at all of the sessions."

We expect to publish a report of the Colorado convention soon.
It is always one of the best of the whole year. Those Colorado bee-
keepers are great folks.

Little Miss Hope H. Able, of Northampton Co., Pa., wrote
recently, and her letter appeared on page 746. Referring to it, she
writes again :

My Dear Editor : — I was glad to see my letter in the American
Bee Journal, but very sorry to see that you had a mistake in it. You
said we increased from " to 8 colonies. It should have been from 7 to
18 colonies.

1 am 9}4 years old. From your friend,

Hope H. Abel.

We are glad to make the correction, for increasing from 7 colonies
to 8 is quite different from 7 to IS.

Mr. Gus Dittiuer, who is a Wisconsin bee-supply dealer and
comb foundation maker, thinks that in referring to the Weed process
of sheeting wax, as we did on page 739, we may possibly have done
him an injustice. We simply said that " the bulk of the comb foun-
dation sold to-day is made by the Weed process," which " will not
work adulterated wax.'' We understand that while Mr. Dittmer's
process may be different, nothing but pure wax goes through his
sheeting machines also.

Mr. Dittmer is an honorable manufacturer and dealer, as his in-
creasing trade easily testifies.

Mr. H. H. Chase, a bee-keeper of Manistee Co., Mich., sent us
the following clipping from a local newspaper, dated Nov. 23, which
is interesting even if not " all about bees:"

" H. H. Chase has recently found two mounds on the north side
of Bear Lake from which he obtained two skeletons, a beveled stone
instrument, two pieces of ancient pottery, about 30 bone beads, and a
few clippings of black flint. One bone of the arm had evidently been
broken and healed. The shape and size of the skulls varied, one
having double teeth all around.

" These specimens are unmistakably of a prehistoric race, as the
manner of burial indicates, by an upright kneeling position facing the
water and the west, and they have, in all probability, been buried
from 500 to 1000 years. These findings, added to other tools, axes,
arrowheads, etc., make a choice collection, which will doubtless find
its way to a museum later."

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

789

Sketches of Beedomites

HOMER H. HYDE.

Homer 11. Hyde, whose picture with thai of his IjriJe adorns the
first page of this uuniber of the Americao Bee Journal, was born in
Dawsonville, Ga., May 7, ISSl. At the age of three years, his father
went to Texas, following his trade of a carpenter, aiid also farming
for some years.

At the age of about 10 years, through hisgood mother's inlluence,
his father bought his first colony of bees, and from that day to this,
" Homer '' has not ceased to have an active interest in bees, which
seems to grow stronger as the years go by.

Mr. Hyde has read about all there is published on the subject of
bees, taking all the apiarian papers regularly, besides spending a large
part of his lime the last ten years right in the apiary with the bees.
The past season, liowever, he was kept pretty well closed in on ac-
count of the demands of the otHce-work, but he hopes to arrange
matters so that another season he will be able to spend more time with
the bees again.

Mr. Hyde secured his edacalion in the common schools of Texas,
and also took one course in Taylor University, at Waco, Tex. He
was married .lune l.s, 1903. His wife was born in Conway, Ark., Aug.
12, 18S3. She is a lineal descendant of John Adams. -Mrs. Hyde re-
ceived her education in the high school of Floresville, Tex., and a
little later was won " for better or for wor.se " by H. H. H. Mrs. Hyde
is very much interested in her husband's work, and in the bee-indus-
try, though itiis said she is very much afraid of the bees themselves.
However, Mr. Hyde thinks if .she succeeds in holding the reins on
him, she will have done her part. And that's so!

Both Mr. and Mrs. Hyde are members of the Missionary Baptist
church, and are active in its services.

Mr. Hyde was one of the car-load of bee-keepers that crossed the
continent recently to attend the Los Angeles convention of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, of which he is a member. We thus
had opportunity to get acquainted with him. If all the other Texas
bee-keepers are as energetic and enthusiastic as he is, we wouldn't
object to forming the acquaintance of some more of them. We don't
know what the middle initial " H." stands for in his name, but it
might very appropriately be Homer Mustier Hyde.

Referring to three of the pictures shown on the first page, Mr.
Hyde wrote us as follows :

Mk. York : — Enclosed are .some partial views of two of our api-
aries. In No. 3 you will notice that the apiary is situated in a grove
of mesquite trees. However, this ground was a great mass of prickly
pear and other growth, so that the open space is literally hewn out.
In the lower part of the picture you will see some of the pear, showing
its outline. The men in the apiary are helpers, and constitute our
force, with the exception of myself. The men are, from left to right,
O. P. Hyde, L. B. Wiseman (visitor), Wm. Sedding, Milton West,
Emmett Hyde, and Chas. Wurth. We have 100 colonies of bees in
this apiary.

No. 4 is a view of another yard taken some rods from the bees.
This is taken to show the profusion of wild spring Howers that cover
the pastures everywhere at that season of the year. In this yard we
had neglected to use the scythe for about three weeks, and you ob-
serve the results. The shrubs in the picture are mesquites. We have
90 colonies in this yard.

No. 2 is a picture taken in our Holy-Land apiary, showing our
men worliing with a full colony of pure-bloods without veil or smoke.
These men are, from left to right, E. J. (Jarlton (foreman of apiaries;,
Emmett Hyde, and Chas. Wurth.

These three pictures were snapped by myself, and are among my
first efforts in amateur photography.

We have about 1100 colonies of bees, located in 10 apiaries, from
1 to 9 miles from home. Each location will stand easily 200 colonies,
and we expect to increase to that number at each yard. Our cold,
late spring knocked us out on catclaw honey this year, giving us a
frost on April 2S, coming at just the lime the catclaw was beginning
to yield.

An average crop of honey for this locality is 100 pounds of bulk
comb honey. We have the largest number of bees kept by any one
company in the Slate. We are expansionists, and expect lo increase
our bees as fast as possible. Our methods of management will be
given later on, when the writer has the time lo write them up.

H. H. HvuE.

Convention Proceedings

in$s J

taaMigiTf'i«»iTi.-,

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION

Report of the Proceeding's of the 34th Annual

Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang'eles,

Calif., Augr. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

[Continued from page 775.)
The next on the program was a' paper by Homer H.
Hyde, of Texas, on the

PRODUCTION AND SALE OF BULK COMB HONEY.

A few years ago bulk comb was practically unknown,
but to-day there is scarcely a bee-keeper in the United States
that has not heard of it, and how it is produced. It is now
the principal product of the southwestern Texas bee-keepers.
Its production is rapidly gaining ground not only all over
Texas, but is gaining a footing in Nebraska, Colorado,
Utah and California.

Since the publication of my articles in the'bee-papers,
inquiries have come from all over the country, and many of
them state that they have already commenced the produc-
tion of bulk comb honey. The production of the article
will soon be universal.

The demand from the consumers for this article is rap-
idly growing, and is keeping far ahead of its production,
and to this fact the bee-keepers are rapidly catching on.
There are many reasons why it is gaining a hold with both
the consumer and the producer, especially the former.
When he buys a can of bulk comb honey he feels sure that
he is getting a pure sweet, just as the bees made it ; he feels
that he is getting full weight ; and he knows he has bought
it at a less price per pound than he could have bought sec-
tion honey. Then he has his honey in a nice bucket where
it can not break or lose out when cut in two ; and when he
has eaten out the honey he has a useful pail left.

These are some of the reasons why the consumer pre-
fers bulk comb honey to section honey. I am talking of
the majority of the people. Of course, there are the wealthy
who will always buy a limited quantity of section honey be-
cause it is high in price, and has to them a fancy look.

Now, let me quote Editor Root's foot-note to one of my
articles :

" In my southwestern trip of a year and a half ago, I
was fully convinced that bulk honey, or chunk honey, was
getting to be more and more in vogue, both among progres-
sive beekeepers and the consumers themselves. Still, I
found some bee-keepers who thought it would be better to
educate the consumer to the use of section honey, believing
there would be more money in the production of such an
article. But I must admit that Mr. Hyde has advanced some
very strong arguments in favor of chunk honey ; and why
should we bee-keepers not cater to the various demands ?
One locality will use large quantties of candied extracted
honey ; another will use nothing but crystalline liquid ex-
tracted ; still another, fancy comb honey : still others dark
honey, almost as black as blackstrap itself. Cater to what
the locality calls for."

Yes, friends, let's give people what they want, and if
they want bulk comb honey give it to them. Simply pro-
duce some of the article and take it around to your custo-
mers and give them a choice of the two honeys— section or
bulk comb honey — and your customers will soon all call for
the latter. Now, gentlemen, if this can be done, why not
doit? We are sure it is the most profitable, as all will
admit.

Bulk comb honey is produced in either full bodies or
shallow Ideal supers. If the former is used it is hardly
practical to fasten in full sheets of foundation, as the frames
can not be wired, because we expect to cut the honey out ;
but with the Ideal frames we can use full sheets if we so
prefer. Ideal supers and frames are preferred generally
because they are not so large, are not so heavy to handle,
I they are nearer the right amount of room to give a colony

790

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

at one time, and they can be freed of bees much quicker
than can full bodies. To free them of bees we simply smoke
down between the frames well, and then pry the super
loose and jounce it, when it will be found that most of the
bees will fall out. They can then be stacked up and a hole
left at the top, when, in two or three hours time, the last
bee will have left the supers.

Then, again, the supers and frames are nice for ex-
tracted honey, should the beekeeper in any event desire to
use them, and, in fact, in putting- up bulk comb honey it re-
quires about one-third extracted honey with which to put
the comb up.

In packing bulk comb we cut out the comb nicely and
place it in the cans, and afterwards pour in extracted honey
to cover the comb and to fill up the crevices, and, in this
way, about one-third extracted honey goes in, and it must
be remembered that this extracted honey goes in at the
comb-honey price. It has been found both practical and
profitable to produce both comb and extracted honey in the
same apiary, and, in fact, on the same hives at the same
time, for many have found that it pays them to have one
super of combs on top of the regular brood nest, so that the
queen may fill it with brood before the honey-flow, if she
likes, and when the flow comes these supers catch the first
nectar, and as soon as the flow is on, and the bees have com-
menced to secrete wax, this super of combs is lifted and the
empty frames of foundation placed between them and the
brood, which is the most efi^ectual way of baiting bees into
the supers ; and then it will be found that where colonies
are so worked swarming is kept in check, if not entirely
prevented, the queen is left in entire possession of the reg-
ular brood-nest, and by the time the flow is over the brood
will have hatched from the shallow super of combs, and the
bees will have filled it with extracted honey, and this is just
what we will want in putting up our comb honey, as we
have already shown that at least one-third the honey must
be extracted with which to pack the comb. It has been
demonstrated, time and again, that bees will store all the
way from SO percent to 100 percent more honey when worked
for section honey, and many believe (the writer included)
that where the bees are worked as outlined above, nearly,
if not quite, as much bulk comb honey can be produced as
could be produced of extracted honey alone, and especially
does this hold good where the localities have fast flows of
honey, in which a great amount of wax is always secreted
whether there are any combs to build or not.

This year's experience confirms all the above, and
more, and we are more than ever convinced of the advan-
tages of producing bulk comb honey. In addition I will say
that we would advise all to use full sheets of foundation in
the supers at all times, and we more than ever recommend
the Ideal, or 5^, super for the production of bulk comb
honey.

We will now show the relative cost of bulk comb to -sec-
tion honey. When we buy bulk comb supers and frames we
have bought them to use for years. When we buy sections
they are for only one season's use, whether they be filled
with honey or not. Then we have to have costly separa-
tors, followers, etc., that soon give out, to be replaced.
When we go to ship we have to have costly glass-front
shipping-cases, and these cases in turn packed in crates for
shipment. When we pack section honey we have to take
lots of time and patience to scrape the sections. When we
pack bulk comb honey we buy cases of cans and cut the
honey out into them. When we get ready to ship we have
to pay a high rate of freight on section honey, and more,
run the risk of having a good part of it badly damaged or
destroyed all together. When we ship bulk comb we get a
low extracted-honey rate, and have the assurance that it
will go through as safely as if it were extracted honey.
When we go to prepare supers for the harvest, all we have
do to our bulk comb supers is to scrape the top-bars a little
and fasten in the foundation ; but with section honey we
have to makeup shipping-cases and sections, and spend a
long time putting the foundation in just right.

Again, you will find that there is much less work at-
tached to the production of bulk comb honey than there
would be if producing section honey. I believe that the
spring and summer work is reduced abount one-half.

For fastening in the foundation in the shallow frames,
we use a machine that always puts the foundation in right
and true, and securely. The machine works on the hot-plate
principle, said plate being kept at the right temperature by
a gasoline burner. This machine is also adapted for use in
putting foundation in any kind or sized frame having the
Langstroth length. However, the majority do not have
these machines, btit they can put the foundation on the top-

bars with melted wax. Simply keep a can of wax hot, and
then use a spoon with which to pour a small quantity along
the edge of the foundation, which is first placed squarely in
the center of the top-bar.

When the supers are put on, the bees go to work in the
bulk comb supers at once, and in a big cluster, and thereby
forgetting to swarm ; but with section supers the bees have
to be carefully baited and coaxed into the supers, and when
they get there they are cut off into 24 or more small com-
partments, which they have to try to keep warm, and to
get them sealed out to the wood we have to crowd the bees,
and thereby losing honey. By crowding we lose equally
as much honey as we do when ^he supers are first put on,
by reason of the bees being slow to enter the sections.
Just how much honey is lost by the bees being slow to enter
the sections, how much is lost by crowding, and how much
is lost by swarming, I am unable to say, but it is consid-
erable.

You may take the items in the production of the two
honeys from beginning to end, and there is not an item
that is not in favor of bulk comb honey, except solely in
the matter of price received ; but, friends, where unbiased
men have tried the production of the two honeys side by
side, and carefully taken into consideration every factor,
they have invariably found that they can make at least 60
percent more money producing bulk comb, and many have
placed the percent much higher.

There is another fact : Not one of the men who once
quit section honey has gone back to it. We were ourselves
large section-honey producers several years ago, but have
been converted, and have disposed of most of our section-
honey supers, and to-day have a large pile of them awaiting
a purchaser.

You may say, I have no trade or demand for bulk comb
honey. I will say that all you have to do is to produce it
and offer it for sale, and you will soon have a trade that
nothing but bulk comb will satisfy. You may say, I will
have to ship my honey, and, what then ? There is no mar-
ket for this new product. I will say, take your honey to
the cities and ofi'er it yourself, and you will find a ready
and appreciative market, and one that will next year de-
mand more bulk comb, and the grocerymen will have to
order their supplies from you. There is no question but
that a market can be found. The bee-keepers of Texas
have found a market for more than they can produce, and I
take it that the bee-men of other States have the same in-
telligence and the same get-up-and-get that the Texas bee-
men have.

The packages used in putting up in this locality are now
most largely 3, 6, and 12 pound tin friction-top pails that
are put up in crates holding 10 of the 12-pound cans, 10 of
the 6-pound cans, and 20 of the 3-pound cans. There is also
some demand for bulk comb in 60 pound cans, two in a case,
the cans having 8 inch screw-tops. These are sometimes
ordered where the buyer desires to put the honey into glass
packages for a fancy trade.

The question has been asked me, " How about it when
the extracted part candies?" Well, you will either have
to dispose of the honey before it candies, or teach your cus-
tomers that there is no finer dish on earth than a fine grade
of candied bulk comb honey. Our Texas trade does not
object to candied honey in the least, as it has learned that
honey is really better in its candied state. I fully realize,
however, that this propensity to candy will be one of the
drawbacks to its production in the North, and so would
advise all to go slowly until they have a ready market for
it before cold weather, or until they can teach their custo-
mers that it is really better candied.

We have lately " caught onto " a plan to prevent the
candying of bulk comb honey, and that is to put up the
comb in extracted honey that has been well heated, and seal
up the cans with parafline while the honey is yet hot, and
we believe that it will not granulate under one year, and
that is the opinion of Mr. Boyden, also. However, Mr.
Boardman, of Ohio, has been drawn to the bulk comb idea,
and has gone to work to find a way to keep it, and keep it
just as taken from the bees. We hope he will be successful.

Some have asked me where the cans can be secured, and
I will say that all are made by the American Can Co., but
call for the cans made for their Texas honey-can trade.
Now, in lieu of the regular cans you may use for the home
trade, lardpails, or Mason jars, which are all right, and per-
haps better, as the cans are made primarily for the ship-
ping trade.

I wish to refute the statement made that the production
of bulk comb honey was the old-fogy way of honey-produc-
tion. I assure you that it is not, and that it requires as

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

791

much skill and as fine a prade of honey as it does for sec-
tion honey. I also assure you that the consumers are be-
hind this move, and that it is only a question of time when
the production of section honey will have almost disappeared.

Let me quote Editor Root as follows :

" Chunk comb honey is somewhat in disrepute, it is
true, from the fact that it used to represent the product of
the old box-hive, and was a mixture of everythinjf — old
combs, dead bees, pollen, propolis, wax-worms, li>;ht and
dark honey — in fact, a little of everything that may come
from an old-fashioned boxhive. Bulk comb honey, as Mr.
Hyde would have us call it, represents an entirely different
product — the very best table honey, being a mixture of the
best extracted and the whitest comb honey. Some of my
chance acquaintances have spoken in glowing terms of the
' real honey ' of ' father's table,' as if that in sections were
manufactured. To argue with them that the latter is just
as pure is almost a hopeless task. Sometimes I think we
might just as well satisfy their whims by giving them what
they will accept, and I do not know of anything very much
nicer than clean, sparkling extracted honey, of good quality,
having chunks of delicious comb honey mixed in it of the
same grade and quality. When such goods can be dis-
played to the consumer, and he itiows it is all honey, he
very likelj' would take it in preference to either comb or
extracted separate.

"A correspondent near Oakland, Calif., once went out
and peddled some of his very white comb honey in tall sec-
tions among the wealthy class. They would have none of
it. Some of them were from ' Down East.' What did he
do? He went home and cut that honey out of the sections,
and mixed in it a nice grade of extracted, and sent another
man around with the goods. The same people accepted
that at once. Why, that was honey, just like that used
years ago on 'father's table.' Of course, they could easily
sample it — something they could not do with the pearly-
white comb honey in sections ; and the mere taste of it was
enough to assure them that it was all right."

Now, friends, I have told you about all that I can think
of on the subject, and if there is anything further you would
like to know, kindly ask me, and I will answer to the best of
my ability. H. H. Hyde.

Mr. Dadant could not be present at this session, and
had no paper in response, but authorized Secretary York to
state for him that Mr. Hyde's paper had been read by him,
and that he agreed most wholly with what Mr. Hyde had
said ; that he had been very busy, had not had time to re-
ply, and that he was almost fully in sympathy with Mr.
Hyde's views.

W. R. Woods — In shipping wiih these cans, do you find
any difficulty with the covers flying off? In case the goods
should be shipped bottom side up, what holds the cover on ?

Mr. Hyde — This is known as the " friction top " can. It
goes on tight ; the covers of the cases go squarely on top of
these, and upside down, or any other way, the shipment
goes through in perfect order. We have shipped something
like 5000 pounds of honey in 3, 6, and 12 pound cans, and
have not had a single complaint of honey not arriving in
perfect order.

L. S. Emerson — I would like to ask if you use a queen-
excluder, and where ?

Mr. Hyde — We have not used a queen-excluder for the
last five or six years, from the fact that we do not have on
the comb-honey supers until we have the best honey-flow.
When the main harvest comes, the flow is so rapid the
queen has no opportunity to lay in the cells.

Mr. Carter — I have had 25 or 30 years' experience. I wish
to say I am not a member of the Association, have not been
an extensive bee-handler, yet I have had experience since I
was about 16 years old. Some 25 or 30 years ago I took a
notion I would like to get a few colonies of bees, and the
next year I found myself with about 15 or 20, and one of the
best yields of honey I ever witnessed. It came abundantly.
I had no extractor, and hardly knew how to handle my
honey. At that time foundation was introduced. I put in
the foundation, for, as the gentleman indicated, they did
not have time to build their comb, and they just filled the
foundation in two or three days, the whole of the super. I
used no section frames. Then the question was. What to
do with my honey ? I bought what are called butter-buck-
ets in the East. We had nice, clean, waoden butter-buck-
ets which I filled with the comb honey, and put extracted
honey in to fill the spaces ; then put the cover on tight, and
there was a bail to handle it. I sold the honey at the high-
est price for comb honey. It went like hot-cakes. It was
something new. Everyone would say, "How beautiful 1"

The comb honey was quite level with the top of the bucket.
Since I came to California I have tried to start in the chunk
honey business again, but found it was difficult to get comb,
and yet I have gotten some, and have put that into little
buckets. You can put your business card on the pail, and
it is called " White Mountain Chunk Honey." It is beauti-
ful white honey, filled even full. In repard to shipping,
you can have (I am telling you from theory rather than
practice) tight covers fit so well there is no leak to it, and
on top of that another cover. I sell sometimes a little honey
to my neighbors ; I do not ship at all. But as soon as a
lady looks into the bucket, she says, " I want one of these."
It seems to take. She knows when she gets a section of
comb honey that she gets 12 to 14 ounces. They do not
weigh over 14 ounces at any time, and when she has taken
off the wood and everything else, she gets 12 ounces. When
short weight, as they frequently are, she gets only 10
ounces. But in this way she gets just as beautiful honey as
in sections, and gets full weight. The bulk honey sells two
to one with me.

A. I. Root — 25 or 30 years ago there was a big trade on
comb honey put up in glass jars — not in Mason jars, but
more largely in tumblers. A good deal of it was glucose,
and that threw it into disrepute. I trust people have for-
gotten about glass-tumbler honey with a little piece of comb
and a good deal of glucose in it. There was a law against
it passed in New York State, I think. They then put up
comb honey — a small piece — and surrounding this was a
liquid they called "corn syrup," and when they were taken
to task about it they said the honey granulated. The whole
matter got into disrepute. I remember distinctly, as much
as 30 or 35 years ago, buying a stock of honey in barrels ;
I took it home and put it in Mason jars. I could not get
enough of it. But when the cold weather came on, and it
began to candy, that set us back. Last February, I think,
while I was in Cuba, Mr. W. W. Somerford had quite a
fever for bulk comb honey. He was buying 5 gallon cans.
He told me he could get more for his honey in 5-gallon cans
than for his finest section honey, and he was preparing to
fill up his cans with this honey. I did not find out how it
turned out, but, since then I find, for some reason or other,
his market had "let up." He was doing a " land office "
business there last February. There was no " corn syrup "
about that.

Emerson T. Abbott — I wanted to ask Mr. Hyde in re-
gard to honey graining in Texas. In our country it grains.
It seems to me, in our climate, it would grain put up in
that way.

Mr. Hyde — We do not do anything about that in the
spring and summer. It does not grain until winter. How-
ever, honey that we put up during the fall, that we do not
expect will be immediately consumed, we heat the extracted
honey and seal a large amount with sealing wax, and it
keeps all winter.

(Continued next week.)

Contributed Articles

" Getting Both Increase and Honey."

BY \V. W. M'NEAI,.

WRITING from Knox Co., Ills., August 8, on page
600, Mr. J. E. Johnson tells of his success at getting
both increase and honey. He says that he began the
season with 12 weak colonies in a starving condition, but
by judicious feeding in early spring he increased them, by
natural swarming, to SO strong colonies, secured 1200 pounds
of comb honey, 200 pounds of extracted, and — oh, my I there
were nearly 1000 pounds more that would soon have to come
off the hives I Verily, truth is sometimes stranger than fic-
tion, and to write those figures, even in quotations, makes
me feel as if ray pen was taking a sheer on me.

Allowing that his bees finished only 800 pounds of the
1000 pound, this would give a total of 2200 pounds, or an
average of 183'; pounds to the colony, spring count, pre-
vious to the date of his letter. Judging from what he says
in the 4th paragraph, we are led to infer that swarming did
not begin earlier than June IS, and possibly not so soon as
that. This being the case, then practically none of the

792

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH«AL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

young queens were old enough to gather honey prior to the
date of Aug. 8. Not being supplied with ready-drawn
combs, the young queens were, of course, contined to a very
limited amount of brood-comb for several days after they
became fertile ; hence we must base our figures on the count
of 12 colonies for the number of pounds of surplus honey
obtained.

But since this great amount of honey— 2200 pounds —
represented the joint efforts of the 12 colonies, the increase
of 38 swarms was from only 11 colonies ! One colony did
not swarm because he took 'so much brood from it that it
had no desire to swarm. This one filled 90 sections, so he
thinks, and at the time he was writing they had 90 more
nearly finished, which was 30 sections better than the best
work of any of the swarms. A similar treatment of them
all would have made the average only Z% pounds less of
honey, notwithstanding that the increase from that one col-
ony was made much earlier in the season when it could ill
afford to spare the brood and bees. The nuclei, we are told,
built up to normal in strength.

Now, the question is : Why does Mr. Johnson lay spec-
ial stretis on his manipulation of the 11 colonies, with all
the attendant vexations of such rampant natural swarming,
when he could have avoided all that, and accomplished
practically as much in increase of colonies and honey ob-
tained by managing all of them as he did that one colony ?
We have it from his own statements that the method of
artificial increase was really superior, for it gave in addi-
tion, virtually, freedom from the apiary.

Had Mr. Johnson practiced this method on the 12 colo-
nies, using full sheets of foundation in the brood-chamber
of the old colonies, in the place of the combs removed, and
then given wired frames with starters to all nuclei, I think
he would have found it to be the better way, at a very slight
additional expense. Moreover, all his colonies would have
been in far better condition at the close of the season as re-
gards worker-comb. The probabilities are that much of the
comb the swarms built in the brood-chamber of the new
hives was drone-comb, which is, at best, a very undesirable
state of affairs.

Another point in this connection was his manipulation
of those extracting supers with two-inch strips of founda-
tion in the frames. According to the rule of all good bees,
and bad bees, I have had anything to do with, this would
have resulted disastrously, for what comb was built beneath
the foundation would have been drone-size of cell. The
queen would hasten up there and consume valuable time
laying drone-eggs, which become a burden to the colony as
soon as hatched, and cast a shadow across the glittering
raysof success.

For the purpose of enlarging the brood-chamber and
promoting a rapid numerical growth of the colony, I would
have advised the use of a case of combs ; and, as second
best, full sheets of foundation in the frames. The extract-
ing case then materially enlarges the brood-chamber at a
time of year when its occupancy by the queen results in a
larger force of workers for the harvest. Instead of putting
the first comb-honey super on top of the extracting super, it
is better, in most cases, to place it between that and the
brood-chamber proper. The bees will then quickly begin
work in the sections, thus overcoming the tendency to flush
the brood-chamber with honey. Ivarge numbers of bees
that otherwise would remain below to crowd upon the
brood-combs are gotten out of the way in the best manner
possible. The reverse of this would largely be the result
when managed as Mr. Johnson did it. Besides, young bees
will not enter an empty extracting super practically any
sooner than they will a comb-honey super with fences ; and
when the combs are finished they are unfit for the purpose
named. The honey they contain must be extracted and
sold for less than if the same had been stored in sections.
It would be, on the whole, a less profitable way of manag-
ing an apiary.

I will here state that a queen-excluding honey-board is
really indispensable whenever desired to leave the extract-
ing super on the hive until the brood hatches from it. The
old queen must be kept in the lower story ; but the honey-
board should be placed between the extracting super and
the section super, and not immediately above the brood-
chamber, as in the usual way. It does not then interfere
with entrance into the first super, but it does have a ten-
dency to discourage the storing of honey in the upper one.
When the extracting case is thus used, and left only long
enough to start the bees to work in the sections, the honey-
board is not absolutely necessary. But if the case remained
on the hive, and the queen were to pass through the comb-
honey super and again enter it, she would probably stay

there until queen-cells were capped below, and swarming
resulted. In 10-frame hives there is very little danger of
the queen going above ; and the real advantage of the
honey-board in either an 8frame or 10 frame hive is to pre-
vent such an unhappy occurrence as the killing of the
mother queen by the virgin reared among the isolated combs
of the extracting super. The presence of queen-cells in the
super will not cause swarming under the same pressure,
and a virgin queen will often be allowed to emerge from
her cell and destroy the laying queen at a time of year when
her loss would mean the ruination of the colony for surplus
honey.

Mr. Johnson's manner of giving only one super to
prime swarms that were largeenough to fill the brood-cham-
ber and super " chock-full," is simply unique in its being a
dangerous plan to follow. The orthodox way of treating
swarms, is to give an abundance of room at time of hiving
them, and then contracting " in two or three days " to the
actual needs of the bees, or what the floral conditions seem
to justify. The swarm issues, as a rule, because of an over-
crowded and heated condition of the brood-chamber, and if
the same conditions prevail in the new hive while the swarm-
ing fever is at its highest, the swarm is almost certain to
decamp.

We must, however, concede to our friend the honor of
securing a larger crop of honey, according to the figures,
than that of our own this year. But we think that when he
has given the two methods — natural and artificial increase
— a more extended trial, he will welcome the latter with its
many advantages, and also see that his success in the pres-
ent case was largely in spite of his efforts at hive-manipula-
tion. Scioto Co., Ohio.

The Movable-Frame Hive vs. the Box-Hive.

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

WITH the permission of the Editor, I would like the op-
portunity of a little talk with " A Bee-Keeper in Vir-
ginia," whose communication appears on page 750.

I confess, my Virginia friend, that I am not often so
much interested as in the reading of your letter, arising,
perhaps, more than anything else from your ingenious way
ot putting things. If your bill of particulars were to be
laid before a farmer, and you should say to him, " There's
the bill ; now you can take your choice, undergo an expendi-
ture of $338.18 for four years, or keep on with box-hives with-
out any expense, and still get SO pounds of surplus from
each colony," I think he would hardly be blamed for shying
at the expense. But is it put before him in that shape?
Honest Indian, did you have it before you in that waj' when
you decided to change from box-hives ? Possibly if it had
been put before you in just that light, even you
might have hesitated. But did you think of it at all in just
that way? Does any farmer? If he doesn't, then that's
not what glues him to his box-hives.

But why did you stop at four years, or at 50 colonies ?
He might be so unfortunate as to be like some others, and
run up to 500 or 1000 colonies. If only 500, then your annual
estimate of $85 would become $850. If the $338.18 didn't
scare him out, perhaps the bigger figures might.

Are all the items given to be fairly charged to box-
hives ? A man could get along without a smoker — some do
— even if his bees were in movable-frame hives. Indeed,
most of the items you have given can be dispensed with by
the man who has movable-frame hives, and I've known
more than one farmer who kept his bees in such hives and
yet made no outlay different from what he had formerly
done with box-hives — although I agree that he might as
well have stuck to the box-hives if he had no intention of
making use of the advantages offered by the better hives.
The fact is, that your items are not necessarily attendant
upon the adoption of movable-comb hives. A man may
change from box-hives with no other expense except that
for hives, and his further expenses — which may be grad-
uated all the way from very little to the fullest expense
called for by the up-to-datest sort of bee-keeping — must be
charged, not to movable-comb hives, but to improved meth-
ods of bee-keeping.

You say, " You will understand that I expect it to pay
}ne well (notwithstanding the expense), or I should not have
entered on the necessary expense for the next 3 years. But
most users of the box-hives couldn't, and wouldn't, stand
the expense, even if they knew that they would double or
treble their honey crop." That may be true in your local-
ity ; others may not be as bright as you in looking ahead,

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

793

but, take the country at large, and farmers, perhaps espec-
ially bee-keeping farmers, are an intelligent lot, and would
not hesitate at an expense that would double or treble their
income.

Your suggestion that they would so hesitate, reminds
me of the story of the old farmer in Pennsylvania (I do not
vouch for the truth of the story, for I am a Pennsylvanian
by birth, and have no little respect for the shrewdness of
some of those old Germans). Oil was discovered upon the
old gentleman's land, and a speculator visited him promptly
to buy the land, offering him $25.00 an acre for it. The
answer was, " Why, dot land — I pay $50.00 acre for it, and
it wort' more now." Then the speculator made a graphic
picture of the possibilities in that oil-well. Other wells had
yielded so and so, and the prospect was that this well would
exceed any previous record — a hundred thousand barrels,
costing a dollar each, would be wanted in a short time to
contain the oil — was the farmer willing to stand the ex-
pense? "A hunnert tousand dollar! mine cracious I no;
I not got so mooch money in de world ; dot oil-well break
me all up ; you can have dot land for twenty-five dollars;
dot was better as to pay hunnert tousand dollar ven I don't
got hunnert tousand dollar."

Perhaps the best proof that the thought of expense does
not keep farmers from adopting movable-comb hives is the
fact that it has not kept them from it. Thousands of farm-
ers are using the best hives, and in many, if not most,
localities box-hives have entirely disappeared. Very likely
the chief reason that some in this country are still using
box-hives, arises from the fact that they are not yet informed
as to the advantages of any other than box-hives.

I still must thank you for your interesting bit of read-
ing, and hope we may have more from your pen.

McHenry Co., 111.

[ Our Bee-Heepin$ Sisters )

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Putting- Back Supers After Extracting-.

Mr. Dadant's article, with the above caption, appeals
to my interest because I have this year had the experience
of J. S. Haag paralleled in my own apiary. The bees re-
fused to clean out the extracted-combs, sealed over empty
cells, and, as pointed out by Mr. Dadant, they occupied
these supers sometimes, as it seemed, in full force.

Mr, Dadant advises the use of the enamel cloth between
stories, or the perforated zinc. As it happened, I had some
10-frame hives covered with the enamel cloths, and the 8-
frame hives either had, or had not, perforated zinc between
the stories. The zinc seemed to make little difference about
their occupying the upper story, and in at least one case I
know that the queen was above the zinc after laying had
ceased.

The 10-frame hives had their cloths because I did not at
first think of giving them frames to clean, thinking they
had less need than the 8-frame hives. However, I did, in
two cases, give them combs, and in both they made a thor-
ough clean, and they were the only ones that did.

In my case, the extracting and putting back was after
the harvest was over, for that ceased suddenly this fall with
a hard freeze about the middle of September.

Now, I did what Mr. Dadant would not under any con-
sideration do— I gave the bees the combs to clean in the
open air.

It is some years since I got a kink from R. C. Aikin, in
the Bee Journal, in regard to open-air feeding. Up till that
time I had considered it something to be deprecated en-
tirely, but after he told how to feed, I find it the most practi-
cable way of giving a general feed. The main thing is,
when you are feeding, give plenty, and arrange so that all
the bees can have easy access. I have never found it to
lead to robbing.

Now, it is but a few days since I gave the bees a num-
ber of combs to clean up. On no consideration would I like
to store them away just as they come from the extractor.
Apart from the danger of souring the next crop, they are
mussy and disagreeable to handle. As a rule, my bees
clean them up nicely in the upper stories, and that is the

way I prefer to have it done. They mend any that may
have been broken, a^d they are so clean that it is a pleas-
ure to store them away.

This year, as I have said, things were different. But
we have some warm days here, even at this ssason of the
year. On one of these I took a dozen or more of combs
fresh from the extractor, and put them out-of-doors where
the bees soon found them, and while they were pleasantly
engaged with these I went to the hives for more — the ones
they had refused to clean.

There is this to be said about an open-air feed — it puts
the bees in a good humor, and any manipulations that have
to be made with them are much more easily accomplished
than when there is nothing of the kind going on.

Going to a hive, I had to take off the upper story with
its combs full of bees, remove the excluder, put back the
upper hive-body, shake the bees from the combs, and put
these out with the others being cleaned up. Putting them
out that way I did not need to be particular to shake off
every bee as I otherwise would. Then, that hive is ready
for its cloth, quilt and cushion, which I will admit it should
have had earlier. Repeat the process until you think there is
enough, and, take my word for it, the clean-up will surprise
you.

There is much of human nature about a bee. Those
combs, while in the hive, were regarded as a possession, but
when out in the open they recognize the fact that it is a
free-for-all scramble, and that those that work the hardest
will get the most.

And a bee can not resist a display of honey, no matter
how well its hive is stocked with that article— even as chil-
dren with money in their pockets will scramble for pennies
at a Fourth of July shower, or a Rockefeller pile up the
millions, " for the good of the oil business." It's nature.

Custer Co., Nebr., Nov. 12. Mrs. A. L,. Amos.

Your experience tallies with ours. There is no way in
which you can feel so perfectly sure that the work of clean-
ing combs will be thoroughly done as by letting the bees
have access to them outside their hives, so they feel that
they are getting an accession to their wealth.

Where they will do the work properly on the hives, of
course that is much the better way.

Your 10-framc colonies made better work than the colo-
nies in smaller hives, quite possibly for the reason that
they had more vacant space in the brood-chamber.

You say that feeding in the open air puts bees in a good
humor. That's true, while the feed lasts, but when the
supply stops, look out 1

The danger of starting robbing by feeding in the open
air is one that should be considered, but, really, is it as
serious as sometimes represented ? Is it true that a bee
once guilty of robbing never returns to an honest life after-
wards ? It is true that when bees are fed in the open air
they will try to force an entrance into cracks of hives all
over the apiary as soon as the supply ceases, but did you
never see exactly the same state of affairs when there was a
sudden stop of the flow of nectar in the fields ? Repeated
opportunities for observation on this point seem to show
that there is no more danger of robbing after out-door feed-
ing stops than there is after the stoppage of the natural
flow.

Mr. Dadant wisely calls attention to the danger of hav-
ing combs torn to pieces by the bees in their eagerness to
get at the exposed sweets, especially if combs are new and
tender, and you meet the case by giving enough for all and
having it easy of access. That's the plan of the late B.
Taylor, and is all right when you can do so. But sometimes
you do not have enough for all, and then you must take a
directly opposite course— in place of the Taylor plan using
the Miller plan, and instead of making the honey to be
emptied easy of access, making it so difficult of access that
there will not be enough bees crowding upon one single
spot to tear the combs. This is accomplished by piling the
combs in supers or hive-bodies and leaving an entrance
only large enough for a single bee— perhaps more than one
entrance if there are enough combs With this plan there
is less danger of robbing, but it requires more time, and the
combs should be left until the bees cease giving them at-
tention.

Amerikanlsche Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

794

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

Nasty's Afterthoughts

The " Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hastt, Sla. ii Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

EXTRACTING- COMBS IN THE FALL.

I hardly think Mr. Dadantgets entirely to the bottom of
the difficulties pertaining to daubed combs after extracting
in the fall. Part of the trouble, I am convinced, lies in the
fact that a portion of the bees have come to consider them-
selves as belonging upstairs to such an extent that they are
not willing to stay below. As a natural result of this, they
don't want all the honey carried away. Worth trying if
they wouldn't bring up some to put in a set of {perfectly dry
combs. I first noticed this fall the following interesting
fact : Where the super-combs are mostly drone, with a few
of worker size among them, they take the honey out of the
drone-comb and put it into the worker-comb. The latter
can then be taken out and put through the extractor. Page
663.

^^^^^ PROPER TEMPERATURE FOR QUEENLARV.B.

c_j A. C. F. Bartz clearly shows a possibility of getting a
tender and minute queen-larvae soused into a bath a good
many degrees too cold. Surely don't do the little thing
any particular good, whether or not the harm extends to
turning out a poor queen. Right, that comb and all it con-
tains is a little hard and slow to warm up when once it gets
cold. Wouldn't a carrying-box carefully made to warm by
a lamp be about the proper thing for such operations on
cold days ? Just give a rest to " Unfold thy bosom, faithful
tomb " — or say faithful imbecile asylum. If I'm right, the
surfaces of our bodies are not quite warm enough anyhow
on such occasions ; and anything tucked under our clothes
to get heat on a cold, windy time is in the position of being
inadequately warmed on one side and decidedly cooled on
the other side. Page 663.

DIFFERENCE IN SIZE OF BEES.

Taking the exact weight of two samples of bees in ex-
actly similar conditions, is there ever so much difference
from normal as 25 percent ? I rather doubt it. We often
feel inclined to say so at a casual glance — "These bees are
a great deal smaller, or bigger, than mine." Usually a
case, of extreme contraction or distension, and not much
else. Page 664.

HOW USE A BINGHAM KNIFE — FOOL QUESTION.

The problem, which side of the Bingham knife to hold
next the comb, rather stirred me up. Which end of a spoon
would you stick in your mouth ? You can put in either one
— and you can't use the wrong side of a Bingham, except on
small combs and around the edges. Handle is set off on the
off side when the knife is made. Next we shall be discus-
sing whether to drive the nail with the wood or the iron of
the hammer— and whether to remove the lid of the honey-
pail or punch a hole through the bottom. Isn't it sometimes
justifiable to return a pleasant smile and say, That comes
pretty near being a " fool question 7 " Too great consider-
ation for the great F. O. gives the disagreeable impression
that the Journal itself must be set to the key of F. Page
666.

HOW TO USE A BEE TENT.

On page 679 we read : "Bees always attack your tent
from the side where the wind blows." Then follows the
very proper hint to do our going out and in on the other
side. My guess is, that the meaning intended there is the
opposite from the one we would first take from that word-
ing. Through a tent which stands in the wind considerable
air is drifting, and carrying the smell of honey out on the
lee side. I should expect bees to besiege where the good
smell came out.

PERHAPS THBY WERE SOLITARY BEHS.

I wonder if "Virginia" was not mistaken about the
insects he saw entering his hives being yellow-jackets.
There are, I believe, solitary bees that enter hives mainly
to lay eggs, and have their young reared in cuckoo fashion
-developed, born and bred to the sly art of getting past the
guards, there is less wonder that they succeed. I never
heard of there being enough of them to accomplish any
great harm. Page 682.

HOW CAN THE BLIND LEAD THE BLIND ?

A cry to me for help, eh ? Another conspicuous case of
seeking help in the wrong place, and ignoring the right
one. If Mr. Beverlin will look on page 680, he will find a
most gracious offer of help — quite adequate for the cure of
single-blessedness bread and the resulting wild mathe-
matics. Page 685.

THE TELEPHONE IN SWARMING TIME.

Yes, Yon Yonson, those new rural 'phones, to call us
away in swarming-time. to hive other people's bees while
our own go to the woods, we shall long for a 'phone so im-
proved as to get out of order in swarming-time. Page 687.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the olBce of the Atnerican Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Keeping Brood-Combs.

On page 585, you advise me to unite my bees in the
spring. You will please inform me what to do with the
hives (from which I take the bees) containing brood-combs
partially filled with honey and larvee ? By the time I am
ready for them for swarms they are ruined by the moth.

Tennessee.

Answer. — For fear some one may misunderstand, let
me preface my answer by saying that in general spring is
not so good a time to unite as fall, for in general bees are
united because colonies are too weak, and it is better to
unite them in the fall for the sake of better wintering. But
when normal colonies are to be united merely because the
owner desires to reduce the number, then spring is the best
time ; because if the uniting is done in the fall some colo-
nies may die in wintering, and the number of colonies thus
become less than desired.

The best thing to do with the combs depends somewhat
on circnmstances. Perhaps this will do : When you unite,
let the united colony have the two stories and all the combs
of the two colonies united, and leave them thus till about
time to begin surplus work, when you will take away one
story and half the combs, leaving those containing most
brood. If swarming begins with you about the same time
as the harvest, that will leave only a short time for the
combs to be kept, and perhaps they would need no atten-
tion till needed for swarms. If, however, you thought it
necassary, you could pile them up and treat them with
bisulphide of carbon. If working for extracted honey, there
would be no need to take the combs from the bees at all.

If anything in your conditions make my answer inappli-
cable, give me the conditions and I'll try again.

By way of postscript, it may be well to add that at the
time of taking away the combs it may happen that there
may be so much brood that you will be compelled to take
away combs containing more or less brood. In that case,
after giving brood to any colony which has not brood in all
its combs, pile up the brood on one or more colonies five or
six stories high, having a queen-excluder over the first
story. Such a colony is not likely to swarm, and by the
time you have used the extra stories for swarms you will
have a powerful colony for field-work.

Best Hive-Hyfirifl Bees-Poul Brood.

Last spring I commenced my first experience in bee-
keeping with one colony of black bees. They were in an 8-
frame hive, frames being 16'2 inches by 11 inches, with yi-
inch top bar. They gave me 2 swarms this season, the first
storing 12 pounds of surplus honey. The swarms are in
hives of the same size. I wish to produce both comb and
extracted honey, but mostly comb, as that is in greater de-
mand here. I do not know whether to adopt a hive with a
more shallow frame or not. It is better to have a deep
frame for winter, I suppose.

1. What hive would you adopt, i. e., a frame of what
dep th, and how many frames to a hive ? I want to adopt a

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

795

good hive for wintering and surplus honey, and then "stick
to it." Perhaps the one I have is all right.

2. What do you think of the long-tongued or red clover
queens? I have seen them advertised so much.

3. Is there any danger of getting foul brood in one's
apiary by sending avray for queens ?

4. May two kinds of bees be kept in the same apiary for
2 br 3 years without producing hybrids ?

5. If so, how ?

6. Are hybrid bees usually crosser than others ?

7. When foul brood is found in an apiary where it has
n ver before been known, what usually causes it? Is it
carried by the bees from places where the disease is raging ?

8. Some one who wrote for the American Bee Journal
a few years ago, claimed that foul brood is caused by tak-
ing too much honey from the bees and then feeding sugar
syrup. Is this true ?

9. Is foul brood more prevalent among some races of
bees than others ?

10. If so, what race seems affected most ?

Nkw York.
Answers. — 1. Your hive is excellent for wintering, but
for comb honey it is doubtful that you can get best results
with so deep a frame. Some think that even 9's is too
deep. You ask what I would adopt. I'll tell you what I
have adopted. I do not assume to know what is best in
everything, but with the light I now 'nave I am using the
S-frame hive with outside measure of frame the common
size, 175sx9,'s. and find it works well for comb honey. It
win also do well for extracted honey, although a larger hive
would be better. Indeed, unless you intend to give close
attention to your bees, a 10-frame hive would be better even
for comb honey.

2. I think there is an advantage, and there may be a
very great advantage in long tongues. In actual practice,
however, I have come to doubt whether it is still worth
while to pay any attention to the length of the tongues.
Breed from the stock that gives best results. Very likely
that may in most cases give long tongues, but whether
tongues are long or short, we want the bees that will get
the most honey.

3. Not much ; I don't think many men would be dishon-
est enough to send out queens where there was any danger
of sending foul brood as an accompaniment. As a matter
of safety, however, it is not a bad thing to burn cage, bees
and all, saving only the queen.

4 and 5. The thing is not practicable.

6. Yes, but not always.

7. Yes, it is carried in the honey stolen from diseased
colonies.

8. Foul brood is due to the presence of the microbe
bacillus alvei ; neither spores nor bacilli of this kind are in
sugar.

9 and 10. In Australia they say that the disease is more
troublesome among black bees than Italians.

Wired Combs from Starters- Unsealed Sections
Sneds— Other Questions.

Bee-

1. In hiving a swarm with only starters in frames, can
the frames be wired so that the completed combs will be as
strong and straight as if full sheets wired were used at the
start ?

2. Is there any way of getting unsealed honey out of
sections without using an extractor, and without injurying
the combs ? And can unsealed honey be left in the sections
without spoiling till spring ?

3. How soon after the first swarm has issued should the
young queen in the parent hive have her wings clipped ? or
in other words, how soon after the first swarm issues is the
young queen fertilized ?

4. How soon after a first swarm has left should the par-
ent hive be given a super with sections ? (I take the super
that was on the parent hive and put it on the swarm at
once.)

5. Will it be disadvantageous having sheds over the
hives ? Sheds are S feet high in front and 6 feet high in
the rear. The temperature goes as high as 100 degrees in
the shade here. I have little or no shade in the apiary.

6. What is the length o he main honey-fiow, ordi-
narily, in central Virginia ?

7. Could any of the eucalyptus trees be planted satis-
factorily in central Virginia ? The temperature occasionally
goes below zero here.

8. Would it pay, not only for honey but for gentleness,
too, to insist on having all pure Italians in an apriary of SO

colonies, by killing all hybrid queens as soon as discovered,
and replacing immediately with tested Italians ? There are
very few either wild or domesticated black bees in the vicin-
ity. (I rather expect you will say, " Decidedly not," to this
question, as you seem to think very highly of good hybrids.)

9. Has Virginia any bee-inspector ?

10. Does it matter how soon in the spring supers with
full sheets of foundation are put on strong colonies ?

11. Is it not better to put them on a little too soon than
a little late?

12. When absolutely no more increase is desired, would
the following plan be likely to succeed ? Queens are all
clipped. Return first swarm after catching clipped queen.
Put clipped queen in safe place for an hour or two. Open
the hive and kill the young queen, and destroy all cells and
queens about to hatch, then give them the clipped queen
back again. Destroy all drones in the swarm to allow more
room for the workers. Watch the colony and destroy all
cells as fast as they appear. Virginia.

Answers. — 1. No; you can not be sure that the bees
will build the septum directly on the wire.

2. No, unless it be to let the bees empty it. Generally,
honey unsealed in sections will be granulated by spring,
but if kept in a place sufficiently hot it will keep.

3. A queen may be clipped as soon as she lays, no matter
when fertilized. The young queen may lay 16 days or more
after issuing of prime swarm. In practice, it is well not to
look till three weeks after swarming.

4. As soon as strong enough, which may be in a few
days, and may not be at all. Generally, it is well to throw all
the flying force into the swarm a week after swarming, in
which case not much super-work can be expected from the
mother colony for some time, if at all.

5. Sheds would probably be all right if not closed too
much when hot.

6. I don't know. Perhaps the best way to get an an-
swer from some one who knows is for me to guess, so I'll
guess that the average length of the main flow is five
weeks.

7. Doubtful, but it might be worth while to try.

8. " Decidedly not." Other things being equal. I'd
rather have pure stock, but I would not secure it " by killing
all hybrid queens as soon as discovered," unless there was
already a great preponderance of pure blood. I'd favor the
continuance of those which showed the best performance,
and you are likely to find these among mixed as well as
pure bloods.

9. I think not.

10. Yes ; if put on too early there is a waste of heat at a
time when heat is important.

11. Emphatically, yes. A little too early is just right.

12. No.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us otie new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Money as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3yix6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Pricks, prepaid— Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

796

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10. 1903.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

J

Selling Honey in a Home Market.

Having had considerable experience selling
honey to the consumer, I write for the bene-
fit of beginners. I have been producing and
selling honey, both comb aud extracted, in
Page County, since 1877. and have shipped
very little to the wholesale houses. I find the
home market better. Of course we cannot
expect to sell the whole crop at once, but I
frequently sell as much as a hundred pounds
of extracted honey at a time to a consumer,
but a dollar's worth of comb honey is as much
as can usually be sold to the consumer at one
time.

Considerable comb honey can be placed
with the grocers and will lessen cash outlay
for provisions, at least it is advisable to keep
them supplied with what they can use. f
think it is a good plan to keep honey on hand
at all times, as I have more call and get better
prices after others have sold out, and in off-
years I produce about two pounds of extracted
to one of comb, and find the production of ex-
tracted much more satisfactory than comb.

I have tried selling from house to house, on
the sample plan, and have succeeded very
well, but as I do not like canvassing I do not
resort to this p'an excepting when a large
crop makes it necessary to prevent one crop
lapping over another; this has seldom been
the case. I have some customers in other
States who order from 50 to 100 pounds for
home use, when I can sell at y or 10 cents per
pound.

This has been the most favorable season we
have had for several years; it gave me over
5000 pounds from a start of 50 colonies in the
spring, and 20 bought during the season, and
run largely for queen-rearing.

I have put 126 colonies into cellars, 35 of
them queen-rearing colonies on small combs,
with 31 colonies packed in douljle-wall hives
on the summer stands. The colony on scales
gave 265 pounds of extracted honey for the
season. The best day was July S, which gave
15 pounds net gain for 24 hours ; to make this
gain they must have carried over 20 pounds,
as 1 find a shrinkage of 3 or 4 pounds during
the night after a good day's work.

J. L. Strong.

Page Co., Iowa, Nov. 26.

CastoF-Oil and Honey— Peddling.

I notice the editor desires the bee-keepers
to tell the new kinks they have learned. I
learned one just the other day, when 1 was
peddling honey. A man said he tried to get
one of his little boys to take castor-oil, and he
could not get it down him. He then mixed it
with honey, and had no more trouble. How
easy 1 I wish we could fix up all our troubles
and make them sweet as honey.

I suppose most bee-keepers have a cloth
over the top of the hive, to keep the bees from
sticking the cover fast, and they are always
eating it full of holes, Mine don't. I use
mostly pieces of gunny-sacks, but old ingrain
carpet without any holes is dandy. Cut your
pieces to fit, then give each piece a good coat
of lard — old, rancid lard is as good as any.
The bees will coat it over with glueand never
gnaw a hole in it. Warranted; patent not ap-
plied for.

I had 1500 pounds of extracted honey and
300 pounds of comb honey from 23 colonies,
spring count, and increased to 32 colonies.

I have been in business here only 2 years. I
learned the trade in the West, where I bad no
trouble at all to keep the bees from swarming.
I think it must have been the cool nights;
here it is altogether diflerent, but I think I
can keep the most of it down.

I peddle out all ray honey. The best way I
have found to peddle extracted honey is to
have a heavy galvanized-iron can that will
hold 12 or 15 gallons (that would be 144 or bSO
pounds of honey), with a pair of drop handles
riveted to the sides near the top, the cover to
fit over the lop and drop down about 2 inches
with a handle to the top of it. Then getting

4 Percent Discount During December I

Send for our List, and order now. Take advanta^re of this discount,
hand ready for use.

JUST TPIIl^IC OF IT !

' goods

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN, U.S.A.

WANTED ! Fancy Comb Honey I

In No-drip shipping-cases. Also extracted,
in barrels or cans. Mail samples and quote
your best price delivered Cincinnati.

i

S The FredW^Muth Co,, ''''""' c"incinnati,ohio. H

REMOVAL NOTICE.

We wisii to advise our friends that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located in our new 3-story building, 521 Monroe Street, where we shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of

Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West.

Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offerduring- December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points. Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain.
Yours truly,

GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.

Free Catalog. Ask for i*.

■"0

5

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will preBont you with the first 85 you

take in to start you in a good payinp husi

Send 10 cents (or full line of Bumplei

and directdone how to begin.

DKAPER PUBLlStUNO CO., Cblugo, Ilia.

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
idg- IS ounces of honey, at J4 00 per gcos". Also
the standard square^ one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f c r postage.

J. H. m. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

62CortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.

The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004, at rate of a fare and a third for
the round-trip, within distances of ISO
miles, good returning to and including
Jan. 4, 1904. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining cars. No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel Plate
Road. Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, La Salle and Van Buren Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop. 'Phone Central
2057. 30— 49A4t

Let me SELL or BUY your

HONEY

0 If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Cinciuaati.

I ♦^ IF IN NEED ^

K State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash
K basis, in buying or selling.

S Full stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods
§ at their factory prices. SEEDS of Houey-plants.

I C. H. W. WEBER LTriSu'-T^^^^'^-^"^^

g 2146=48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Order Your Bee'Syppiles Now

R. H.

While we can serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

797

a selt-measuring molasses-tcate — that is far
ahead of the common honey-^rate — and have it
soldered very solid to the can ; have the bot-
tom slant about 1' j inches from back to front.
Malce a solid box' 10 inches hit;h for the can
to rest on, with cleats on top to keep the can
from slipping. Bolt the box fast to a low
spring wagon, just behind the seat, and tie
the can solid from each side. Then you are
ready.

I think I have the best wire-imbedder that is
sold, or that 1 have heard of, so far. I have
used it 5 years, but 1 will tell you about that
some other time. W.A.Moore.

Delaware Co., Ohio, Nov. 17.

Best Hive for Women— "Baching."

On page T'JS, the question is asked: Which
is the best hive for women, the S or the 10
frame"? I believe this is altogether a question
of locality, and whether we wish to work for
comb or extracted honey. In this locality the
10-frame hive becomes a nuisance when
worked for comb honey, because the bees
store so much honey below in the frames that
the queen is almost crowded out. I use the
.S-franie size entirely, and in the fall I extract
2 frames of honey from the sides of the brood-
chamber, leaving the bees on C combs for
winter. I have practiced this for several
years, and I find that 6 combs are amply suf-
ticient for their winter stores, and then I have
2 empty combs to give the queen in the spring,
when otherwise they would be tilled with
candied honey and be comparatively worth-
less.

I believe in most localities, that with the
above management, bees would starve before
spring on 0 combs, but here the bees consume
very little honey during the winter months,
owing to the very even temperature— just a
little too cold to start brood-rearing.

I have a plan of management which I have
practiced for years, which is in my estimation
far ahead of brushed or " shook " swarms for
preventing increase and keeping all the force
together at work in the sections, but I will
have to defer this for another article.

I am surprised at C. H. Koentz for asking
the Editor to help him out of his troubles. It
he can't get a wife it's his own fault. He
lives in a locality where the ladies out-number
the men, 8 to 1, and he can tind plenty of
them that are " willin'." It he were baching
out here in the West, he would have just
cause for complaint. W'hat few girls we have
here are so independent that there is no doing
anything with them. Now. if the Editor is
going to take a hand, please don't forget us
Westerners. I have been " baching " for y
years.

I have 300 colonies of bees.

W. C. Gathriqht.

Donna Ana Co., New Mexico, Nov. 10.

Bee-Moth and a Bee-Hat.

Two years ago I brought 3 colonies of bees;
one of the colonies swarmed 4 times last sea-
son, but did not swarm at all this summer,
and only stored honey enough to last them
through the winter. From the colony that
did not swarm I took 50 or 60 pounds of
good honey, and they died before spring with
plenty of stores in their hives. I fed the late
swarms, as the season was not good in our
locality. I got 3 colonies out of 7 through. I
divided and made 2 colonies, and the same
colony that I took the two from swarmed
later on, and I caught on, so I still have 7 for
winter again. I have made good bee-houses
to put the hives in, and leave them there win-
ter and summer.

Some time ago I noticed in the Bee .Journal
that one of the bee-keepers wanted to know
what made the moth. It is the butterflies;
they alight down on the bees when lying
out before swarming and deposit their eggs
on the bees, so when the bees go in the hive
to eat, the eggs will fall off of them in the
hive, and are hatched out by the warmth,
and so the moth is there. I kept all the but-
terflies killed off this summer, and am not
bothered any more.

I will tell you what kind of a bee-hat I have.
Take green screen-wire, one yard in length ;
cut some off the side, so it will be only two

BEE = SUPPLIES!

>!< sJs >lt >14 Ati >lt >t< >to >!< >K. >lt .oto >te >t< >te. >te sit >lt. jfeL >te.

Root's Goods at Root's Prices. ^

EverjthioK used by Bee-Keepers. POUDER'S UONEY.JAKS. >jt

Prompt Service. [«

Low Freight Rates. NEW CATALOU FREE. g.

WALTER S. POUDER, ^

512 Mass. Avenue, - INDIANAPOLIS, IND. v

■>j? >jf 7j« yj? >ie >?« >?^ "WJVf >?<>}« >J? >?< >J« ■>?? >K >J<>1< >J« 1<

1 DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^^H^orks^X^E t

1 Has an fistablished reoulation. because made bv a nrnf.t^ss that nroduces the oi panc^at T

i

Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AN D PU REST and in all respects the best and most desirable. Send for samples. Work-
ing wax iDto foundation for cash a specialty. Beeswax always wanted at Highest Price.

A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog, with prices and discounts.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents for Canada.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mease meutioa Boa Journal when vrritu^

In Close Touch.
With' The
Whole
World

Please mention Bee JonnuU wnen 'wntmg

A YOUNG MAN, able and
williag to work, to learn
the metal business. Good
"Address, METAL FIRM,

Care American Bee Journal,
4iA2t 144 East Erie Street, Chicago, III.

Wanted

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

aUkti,
f

Boys, Girls,

We fnnibh

Send u lOc fUmp. or .llTer for f„

implMhiworkwtth. UKAPER PUBLISHINQ CO..Cb!uca.lll.

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD

will sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate of a
fare and a third for the round-trip,
within distances of a ISO mile.s, Dec.
24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1, 1904.
good returning' to and including Jan.
4, 1904. Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel Plate Road. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts. — the only
passenger station in Chicago on the
Elevated Loop. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 31— 49A4t

Bee=Supplies ! g

Don't Wait flnij Longer to Buy. S

BiQ Discount lor Orders Now. §

"Write us to-day and say what yon S
want, and get our prices. New catalog 52
will soon be out: it is free. 52

We also handle the famous S

tloosier Incubators and Brooders, g
C. M.Scott & Co. g

49Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

C^° Good advertising is the path-finder for
all who 6eel< success in business. — Printers'
Inlv.

iSSQQSQQQ

4 Percent ^^
DiscoiiDt io
December

On all orders where cash
accompanies. We fur-
nish everything needed
in the Apiary.

Catalog and price-list

S KIK-ETCHI^aiER. : CO,, FREE.

g R,H3D OA-K;, IOAA;^-^.. 48Atf

798

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

or three inches above the head ; sew it to-
gether by lapping a little. Sew some double
thin goods on the top for a crown, then sew
a skirt to the hat, and put a good, strong
string on the skirt near the middle o{ theback
and tie around the waist, to keep the hat from
tipping off. Also, have a draw-string in the
bottom of the skirt and draw around the
waist. Put armholes in it, with sleeves to
draw on, and tie just above the elbow. Then
with good gloves, and pants or overalls tied at
the bottom, jou are safe from bee-stiogs.

Nebraska Subscriber.

A Farmer's Hive— Report.

An all-around farmers' bee-hive, good for
men but not for women, is IS inches long by
18 inches wide, and 12 inches high, with a
good super to hold 40 sections ili by i}^ by

l>s- o . .

My honey crop was 500 pounds of nice
white comb honey, while my neighbor bee-
keepers got none. George Kerr.

Kent Co., Mich., Nov. 37.

A Growing Bee-Keeper.

When I first subscribed for the Bee Journal
I had only one colony of bees, and knew less
about producing honey than they did. That
was in the spring of 1900. This colony was
the united forces from three trees in the fall,
and led on sugar syrup exclusively. I kept
the queen 3 years. In 1902 I produced 1300
pounds of honey; 1903 finds me with a harv-
est of 1'.. tons of honey, in charge of 110 colo-
nies of bees, and a local trade in bee fixtures
started. The American Bee Journal has been
" the whole thing" to me. H. H. Chase.

McLeod Co., Minn., Nov. 24.

Beedom Boiled Down

C

3

Fighting Robber Bees with Fire.

F. L. Morrill had a bad case of robbing dur-
ing a very hot spell. His account of it is given
in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, and is in part (is
follows :

The bees were crazy, and began stinging
before I came within a quarter of a mile of
them The air was full of mad, stinging
bees I soon found that it was the worst
case of robbing I had ever heard of. The
whole yard of 180 colonies was demoralized.
Some of the combs had melted in the extract-
ing-supers; and as it was at a time oi year
when there was no flow of honey it set the
bees to robbing. I did not dare to close the
hives up entirely, on account of the heat; but
I immediately closed the entrances so that
only one bee could go in at a time, and then
1 tried everything that I had ever heard of to
stop robbing, but with no success. The next
morning I procured a brazing torch, such as
painters use to burn off old paint, and taking
a supply of gasoline, I went for the robbers.
I went from hive to hive, throwing the Hame
on them as I went, wherever I found them
trying to get in. They were gathered in great
bunches on the now one-beeway entrances.
I soon had to cover my hands, as this seemed
to make them so mad that they would tackle
even the torch. They objected to having their
wings burned off, but I was in no mood for
leniency. I worked nearly all day in this
manner, and along in the afternoon had
things somewhat quiet again.

The next morning I used a kerosene-torch
with just as good results, but I did not find
many robbers, and the next day things were
in normal shape again.

BVILT TO LAST

Never outclassed— Sure Hatch
Inoubatur». Built better than
your house. No hotcenters; no
chilling draughts on sensitive
esi^s. Every cubic inch in egg
chamber at uniform, blood tem-
perature of fowl. It's acontinual
pleasure to hatch nearly every
fertile epg with a Sure Hatch
Free catalogue .Bin with incu^.^^ v^..^ ..

^ srilE HATCH INCUBATOR C-.
Clay Center, >'eb. IndiauopoliH, Ind.

flease mention Bee Journal -when wnting

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTEu

■ thoM who work for aa. Cow keep.^ra al «^ avi
W« aUrt yoo I- *— -* v...,-..!,.

Roofs for Hives ; Steel Roofs Short-
Lived.

It is a very difficult matter now to get the
old-fashioned iron in roofing-tin, the same
as we used to get years ago. Iron made by
the old process would last many years longer

tells lively story.

large profita. Eaay work. We ftimiab capital. Seod
F 10 centa for full line of aampleeand partlculare.

D8APEB PUBLISHINQ CO.. Chicago, Ills.

Please mention Bee JovumaJ wlieii writina

Lanosirollion...

Tll6H0il)B66

Revised by Dadant — 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over SOO pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie street, CHICAGO, ILL.

THE

DANDY

BONE
CUTTER

'ill double your egg yiflJ. Thous
nds of poultry rais. r

s faster andlastslonger tlia

ny other. Price J- ,

1 Trial.

I STRATTON IVIF'G. CO.,

Box 21. i'* Erie. Pa.

please mention Bee Jourual when writing,

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

for roofing than the present steel made by the
new process. Indeed, builders and contrac-
tors have come to recognize the fact that the
new steel roofings, unless galvanized, are very
short-lived. The modern method of making
steel seems to take out some elements that
protect it from rust. One would naturally
suppose that painliug this steel, and keeping
it painted, would protect it thoroughly, but
such is not the case. Some of the modern
steel roofs that we put on our buildings rust
right under a good coat of paint. An old con-
tractor said to me the other day that he would
never again recommend to his patrons steel
roofing, as the asbestos, magnesia, fabric, or
gravel-and-tar roofing were more durable.

And this brings me to the question of tin
roofs for hives. Unless the new modern steel
is galvanized, it probably will not last as long
as ordinary cheap paper; and an intending
purchaser had better make bis selection from
covers made entirely of wood, or wood cov-
ered with paper, cloth soaked in white lead,
or galvanized steel. Do not use tin. If you
do not wish to have your roof rust in a short
time.

A very good substitute for tin is muslin
soaked in white lead. I saw some excellent
covers protected with this material, in Color-
ado, that had been in use several years, were
good then. The cloth will take up the oil;
and if it is painted occasionally it will outlast
tin a good many times over; and, what is 01
considerable importance, it is much cheaper.
—Editorial in Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Control of Fertilization.

This that has been so earnestly sought after,
and which seems so dithcult of attainment,
appears to be losing ground as to its desir-
ability. The following Stray Straw from
Gleanings in Bee-Culture shows the wind
blowing in that direction :

Thinking it over carefully, I am inclined to
lean toward the belief that entire control of
fertilization might be a loss rather than a
gain. If I can have control of the colonies
that rear drones in my own and neighboring
colonies, I believe that's all the control I want.
In the mad chase after virgin queen in the
upper blue, the " best man " will win. If the
choice was left to me I'm afraid I'd make a
bungle— [lam not sure but you are right.
Even if we could mate successfully in a big
tent, there are some hand-picked drones, ap-
parently good, lusty fellows, that would make
poor progenitors. It is getting to be the
practice nowadays to rear drones almost ex-

A New Bee-Keeper's Song-—

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey '

.Vords by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by OEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buffalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

«'THE HUM OF THE BEES
\n the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
Eugene Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

^^^jLil^ </s^;-u:^.i. «^^M:ti^

Prices — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents. Or, for $1.00 strictly
171 advance payment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked Jor.

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St.. ■ CHICAGO, ILL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

799

clueively from one or two choice queens in a
queen-rearing yard, then Viill off the useless
ones, or l<eep them from Jeveloping. By so
doing, don't we nearly control the parentage
on both sides? Aud if the drone with the
greatest wing-power is the Ijest man, possibly
he is strongest in other ways. In one of our
yards during the past summer, the major part
of our drones were reared from one queen — a
queen whose bees make a big record in honey
a year ago. The virgins of the same yard
were reared from other queens whose beesdid
equally well. I had not thought of it before;
but it strikes me the plan comes pretty near
being equal to the "tent" plan of mating;
for suppose we had a mammoth tent in suc-
cessful operation, we would turn those same
drones loose into that tent. Perhaps the
really best man might weary himself to death
to get out, leaving his less active inferior
brother to perform the service The ([uestion
hinges down to this: Would hand-picked
drones be better than Nature-picked drones?
Nature works on the "survival of the tlttest,"
and that plan has been working for thousands
of years. — Ed.

IsoiidGold ^
fountain Pen
Free!

Finally, we have found a
good Fountain Pen that is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than $1.25 for
other fountain pens, it's for
the name.

This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work perfectly, and
give satisfaction. The Gold
Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with
selected Iridium. The Hold-
ers are pure Para Rubber,
handsomely finished. The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.

How to Get this

Fouutaiu Pen Free!

To a present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free as a
premium for sending us 3
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the
weekly American Bee Journal
for one year (with $3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of these Pens, forward to us
$1.25 and we will send it to
you by return mail. Or for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.

This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid gift to a friend
or relative. Why not order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?
Address all orders to

George W. York & Co ,

144 & 146 East Erie Street,

Chicago. III. Fuii size.

$300,000,000 .UU i» ti^«rt

and yoD may have part of it if ym work
for aa. Undo Sam'e poultry product i>ii>8
tlutt BOm. Bend 10c for samplee ami partio
ulars. We fomiBh capital to start y»n La

boAliieM. Draper PiibU8UvCo.,Ctalc««,*U.

mention Bee Journal when "WTitinp

CONVENTION NOnCES.

New York.— The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Hee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday^ Dec. 22. l'>03, at 10 a.m. This will
be the regular business meetinjf of the Society
for electinir officers, payment of annual dues,
and anv other business which may come before
this meeting. Annual dues. $l.Ou, which also
includes a membership in the State and Na-
tional Associations. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

F. P. Jansen, Pres.

Missouri.— The Missouri State Bee-Keepers'
Association will meet in Mexico, Mo., Dec, 15,
1903. J. W. Rouse will act as host to direct the
attendants to the hall, which is free to all who
desire to attend. Board may be had at the
leading hotels at $1 to $2 a day. Come, every-
body who is interested in tees and honey. Let
us have a big meeting. We now have 51 paid-
up members. Let us make it 100. Procure cer-
tificates from your local railroad ticket agents
when you purchase your tickets. It may be
you can return for ji fare.

W. T, Cary, Sec. J. W. Rousb, Pres.

IF IT'S PAGE STOCK FENCE,

the TOP WIRE is Li-16 inch In diameter. »nd a
dontile-strength wire at that. So much st.onger.
VAUK WOVKPi WlUE FKNCE CO., Adrian, Mich.
Ple£ise mention Bee Joumai vrtien 'vritliie

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR 5ALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf Please mention the Bee Jo'irnal.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146^^ Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— Comb Honey in guautity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Tbos. C Stanley & Son.
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

FOR SALE !

White Clover Extracted Honey, which was all
taken from upper stories with a queen-excluder
between, and the combs were nearly all sealed
sulid before extracting. It is very thick, and
has that fine rich flavor that only honev thor-
oughly ripened in the hives can have. I would
like to obtain a few more customers who would
appreciate a fine article. Price, in new 60-lb.
cans, on board cars here, cash with order— one
can, SJi^c a pound: 2 or more cans, Sc; sample,
8c. References: George W. Y'ork, the A. I. Root
Co., and the Chatfield National Bank.

49A3t C. MONETTE. Chatfield, Hinn.

Vlease mention Kee Joumai wrnen vmitinc

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ICAN Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate

MountUnlonGolleoe

Our motto in all departments is "Max-
imum efficiency at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class. All ex-
penses for a year, aside from the cloth-
ing and traveling, less than $200.00. Co
education, health conditions, moral and
religious influence, superior. ^

Send for catalog.

^"" That advertising ia the best papers
costs more is true, but it is equally true that
such advertising is sure to bring greater re-
turns.— Printers' Ink.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.\RKET OI'OTATIONS

ling
5»t.Kc.

Chicago, Nov. 7.— The supply of comb honey
is large, and sales are being forced, so that it is
a little difficult to give accurate figures. Sales
are not easily made of fancy at anything over
13c per pound, with less desirable grades selling
lower. Extracted, white, brings 6fqi7i4c, ac-
cording to kind, flavor and package; amber.
Beeswax, 28@30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 9.— Honey arriving very
freely the last week and prices little easier.
This month is best month in the year for de-
mand of comb honev. We quote fancy white,
16(«17c; No. 1. 14(Sj15c: buckwheat, fancy, 15c.
Extracted, white, 7fg*Sc; amber, bfo^Tc. Bright
yellow beeswax, 32c. We do not handle on com-
mission. Wm. a. Selser.

Albany, N. Y., Nov. 27.— Honey market some
lower since the cold weather and Thanksgiving
demand over. We quote: Fancy white, 15c;
No. 1, 14@14>^c; buckwheat and mixed, !3c. Ex-
tracted, steady and quiet; buckwheat, t,'^c; clo-
ver, 7c; mixed and amber, 6(§6^c. Beeswax,
2S(av30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2\— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold in single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at 5U((i(}}4c. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7H@8J4c, according
to quality. Beeswax, 3'3c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demand'for
white comb honey is belter than it was. The
trade is particular aud wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi'e comb, 14@15c: A No. 1. 13M
@14c; No. I, 13@13^c; No. 2. 12@12>sc; No. 3,
ll(Sii2c; No. 1 dark comb, lli^l2c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6^f§7c: amber, 6:^6i^c; dark,
556@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Nov. 25. — Western honey is arriving
more freely in our State, causing a slight drop
in prices. Fancy No. 1, in cartons, brings 17c;
A No. 1, 16c; No. l, 15c. Extracted, white, »%c;
light amber, 7@7x2c; amber, 6@7c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Oct. 23.— Receipts of comb
honey good; demand good; market easier. Re-
ceipts of extracted light. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24 sections, per case. $3.00; No. 1,
white and amber, $2.75; No. 2, $250. Extracted,
white, 7c; amber, 5(&6c. Beeswax, 25(a30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov, 24 — The demand for honey is
a little better. The prices rule about the same.
Extracted is sold as follows: Amber, in bar-
rels, from 5%@5}4c; in cans about J4 cent more;
water-white alfalfa, 6@6!^ cents; white clover,
6i'4@73^c. The comb honey market is quite
lively, and it sells as follows: Fancy water-
white, 14@i5c. Beeswax in good demand, at 30c
delivered here. C. H. W. Weber.

New York. Dec. 4.— Comb honey is arriving
in suflicient quantities to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most of the white honey
seems to be off color, more or less. We quote
fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at 13c; amber, lUgil2c;
and buckwheat, 10c. Extracted, light amber,
at 6c; white, 6J^c; Southern. 55(aJ60c per gallon;
buckwheat, 5^c. Beeswax. 28@29c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb,
frames, 13faii4 cents; amber, 9@llc. Extracted,
white, 5%(g)6%c; light amber, 5@5Mc; amber,
45^@5c; dark amber, 4(2i4Hc. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27J^(a29c; dark, 25@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principiUy for water-white,
the latter being the onlv kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buver-. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

WANTED !'^*^<?,Jb HONEY

In no-drip shipping-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote vour best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio.

800

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 10, 1903.

} The Best Bee-Ooods
m the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
tviSI mot be disappointed.
IrVe are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; la its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a fall line of our goods at catalog^ prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

Please mentioii Bee Joiimal when -wntlna.

You Will fiave to flurru

You will have to g-et your inquiries in before
Dec. 15 if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white
pine.

THE WOOD=BRlJSH BEE-HIVE
AND BOX CO..

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Four percent off for cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -wTitins

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smokers

2';a tf T. P. BINQHAM. Parwell, Mich.

VIease mention Bee Journal •when •writliic

FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS

200.000
Poor People

wiUbesnpplledby
the Salvation
Army throuehout
the U.S. Win you
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the

Salvation

Army
CHICAGO

Headqnarters

399 State Street

Chicago, lU.

Tbe Emerson Binder

This Emerson stlS-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Jonrnal we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jonr-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further binding Is neces-
sary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

and easy to make

ir you work for ail We will start you tn
ouBJuesB and fumlah the capltaL Work
Ught uid BMy. Send 10 oento for full
line of eamjplea uid particulars
DKAPES PUBLISOINO CO., Chicago, lilt

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

tie..A.ys.jff,3e,ysmje,je,.ie,ja,.yi,je^je,^

26tll
Year

Dadant's Foundation

26tn

Year

Wp O-liaranfff Sjlti«fjirf inn what more can anybody do? beauty,
WC J^Uctrdll LCC .i^dLIMdCLlUn. PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAOaiNa.
No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ.

Why

Hnf>« \\ «(^ll en Vl/f»li V Because it has always given better satis-
UUC9 It. SCIl »W WCII r faction than any other. Because In as years
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SupDiies

OF ALL «*/-«

KINDS *«*»• ^%^^

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, tiancock Co., HI \

Please mention Bee Journal wtien writins.

BEST

ExiraGlefl Honey For sale !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey ^C

This is the famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the great Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey J^

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of hooey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can @8c $ 4.80

Tv70 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @7>^c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7Mc price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can @9c $ 5.40

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESAVAX WANTED — We are paying 2S cents cash or 30 ceats in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY" JARS— Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Bee Journal

43dYeaf,

Published Weekly by GEORGE W. YORK L CO,, 144 L 146 E, Eric Street,

CHICAGO, ELL., DEC. 17, 1903.

No. 51.

The Los Angeles Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Association,

Held In Los Angeles, Calif., Aug. 18, IQand 20, 1903.

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802

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

PUBLISHED WEtKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

Dr-CCMillhr, E.E.Hasty, EmmaM.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

SabscriptiOD Receipts. — We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
< plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo.
(Secretary — Gkorge W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

G. WHrrcoMB, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.

Udo Tobpperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DOOLITILE, Eorodioo, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I!!

J^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the office of the American
Bee Journ 1.

A Celltiloid Queen-Button is a very

oretty thing lor a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
wear on his coat-lapel. It of-
ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It has
——' a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;

or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office

of the American Bee Journal.

Something SSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time.

We think all ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of neeessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is gone. He sometimes fills the grave of a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on her own resources? In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity? In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submit? A THOUSAND TIMES, NO '. Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
as a helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support tor the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy of THE NEW LONDON
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the United States
and Canada. Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON TAILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -^.00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee Journal for sending us two new subscribers at $1.00 each ; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for SI. 75; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 17, 1903.

No. 51.

c

Editorial Comments

)

Canadian Experimental Bee-Farm.

Quite interesting is the report which has been received at this
office in the shape of " evidence ' by Mr. John Fixter, the Apiarist
before the Committee of the House of Commons. Some items from
the report are here given :

" We found that for the farmer the 9 or 10 frame Langstroth hive
is the best, while for the experienced bee-iceeper I would say that the
8-frame Langstroth hive is much better, because the experienced bee-
keeper will look after his bees better than the farmer usually does,
and will see they have plenty of stores in the bottom section to carry
the bees over the winter. I would say that the ordinary farmer should
have a little larger hive than the experienced bee-keepers, so that his
bees will be able to look after themselves."

The difficulty of getting bees to start in sections, Mr. Fixter
thinks, is in many cases attributable to the fact that very small start-
ers are used, and he advises full sheets of foundation in all cases, both
in sections and in brood-frames, especially in the case of the inex-
perienced.

The split-top section, in use on this side to some extent many
years ago, is mentioned as a new section only lately introduced, the
split in the top-bar being an improvement, and making it much
handier for the inexperienced bee-keeper.

Mr. Fixter says it has been very strongly recommended by the
best bee-keepers in Ontario to wire brood-frames vertically rather
than horizontally.

Experimenting with buckwheat, that sown June 16 came up in 7
days, and bloomed in 32 days from the time of sowing. That sown
June 29 came up in 6 days, and bloomed 32 days from sowing. That
sown July 6 came up in 7 days, and bloomed 37 days from sowing.
That sown July 16 came up in 5 days, and bloomed 35 days from sow-
ing. In each case the bees began work on it as soon as it was in
bloom, the earliest interfering with the white-honey harvest, so it is
advised to sow not earlier than July 1.

Regarding the wintering of bees, Mr. Fixter reports:

"We have tried very extensive experiments in wintering bees in
the following situations; In the cellar of a private house; in the
root-house where the roots are kept ; in a pit, that is, a hole dug in the
ground on the hill-side; out-of-doors, on the summer stands, and also
in the house-apiary. We found that wintering in the cellar is the best
method in this section of the country, and I am safe in saying it is
better to winter in the cellar in auy section of th« country where the
thermometer goes down to 10 degrees below zero. The amount of
honey consumed by outside wintering will beabout one-fourth or one-
half more than it will be by wintering inside."

A Problem About Watery Honey.

Quoting from this journal, a York County Bee-Keeper says in the
Canadian Bee Journal :

" In ' Editorial Comments,' page 627,1 find this: 'Good honey
contains in the neighborhood of 1-<J of its weight in water; in a niois-
ture-laden atmosphere it may attract to itself so much moisture as to
be nearly half water.' Now, we will take, for instance, a barrel of
lOOO pounds of good honey with the bung-hole left open, said barrel
being stored in a moisture-laden atmosphere. It would draw into
itself the difference between )4 and 1-6, which is >,; ; 3b of WOO pounds

is 333in pounds; the total honey and water in the barrel would then
be 1333>a pounds, would it?"

Rather than to have the thin honey nonplused as to its course of
action, why could not our good Canadian friend put it in a larger
barrel ?

Does it absolutely follow that, " water being lighter than honey,
the barrel could not begin to hold that amount of honey and water?"
Fill a pail with leaden bullets, and you may add several pounds of
water without making the pail any fuller, although water is much
lighter than lead. Is it not possible that there may be some kind of
an understanding between honey and water that will allow both to
occupy nearly the same space, just like the water and the bullets?

But what law is there to prevent the barrel overflowing whenever
it became too full * That's exactly what happens in a sealed cell of
honey when it stays long enough in a damp place.

Preparing Aleoholie Drinks with Honey.

This seems to be an important part of bee-keeping in other coun-
tries, and one is wearied with seeing page after page of the foreign
journals occupied with telling about such things. It is refreshing to
find in the British Bee Journal the following protest against having
such matters in a book intended for public instruction;

" However good the various recipes may be, we can not too
strongly deprecate the giving of alcoholic beverages such prominence
in a book intended for children, and we should be surprised if the
Board of Education would approve of its use in schools."

American bee-papers have no space to worse than waste in that
way. Alcohol is a poison, and its use should be restricted to mechani-
cal and medicinal purposes, and in the arts. But some people are so
" artful " that they think they must put it into their stomachs as a
drink, and then the trouble begins. We never publish a recipe for
making an alcoholic drink.

Bee-Licenses for Out-Apiaries.

This is a live topic in the Australian Bee-Bulletin. A good deal of
government land is occupied with trees that are great honey-pro-
ducers, and squatters and others ring-bark these trees so as to kill
them. This helps the grass-pasture for stock, but is rough on the
bee-pasture. There seems a desire to have for other parts the advan-
tage bee-keepers have in Victoria, viz. :

The Victorians have an arrangement with their Government
whereby they can secure a license for the purpose of " a bee-farm not
exceeding an acre in extent upon any crown lands, or upon any lands
held under a pastoral lease, or a grazing area lease, or annual grazing
lease." And ring-barking upon such land is expressly forbidden.

Time for Development of a Queen.

Commenting on a recent publication, the British Bee Journal says:

On page 13, perfect queens are said to be " produced on the four-
teenth day after the eggs are put into royal cells," instead of the
sixteenth, which is the usual time.

Could not our esteemed cotemporary make a compromise between
14 and 16, making it 15, so as to agree with the teachings of "The
British Bee-Keepers' Guide Book?"

Two Queens in a Hive Eight Months.

This is reported by the editor of the Australian Bee-Bulletin. They
are mother and daughter, the mother having not a vestige of wing.

804

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

(

Miscellaneous Items

J

The Arkansas Valley Bee-Keepers' Aseociation was organ-
ized at Ljons, Kans., Dec. 5, with the following officers: President,
Dr. G. Bohrer; Vice-President, J. D. Moser; Secretary, F. A. Wilber,
Route 2, Lyons ; and Treasurer, W. H. S. Benedict. We wish the
new organization every success.

The Elgin County Bee-Keepers' Association, of Ont., Canada,
was organized Nov. 21, with the following officers : President, Morley
Pettit; Vice-President, J. A. McFarland; and Secretary-Treasurer^
W. J. Robb. Organization seems to be the order of the day. It's a
good thing for bee-keepers to get together.

A Stormy November. — The San Francisco Examiner for Dec.
1st, says that last month will go on record as the most stormy Novem-
ber California has had for 55 years. The normal rainfall for the month
is 2. "7 inches. Prof. McAdie, of the Weather Bureau, says that last
month gave California 4.24 inches. This ought to cause the hearts of
California bee-keepers to rejoice.

A Thermometer of good size has been received at this office
from our excellent advertising friend, Walter S. Pouder. The wood
part has printed on it Mr. Pouder's advertisement as a dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies. It is a very useful article, and will serve to indi-
cate the temperature in our office. Many thanks, " Walter."

The Chicago-Xorthwe.stern convention, whose very success-
ful meeting we announced last week as having been held Dec. 3 and
3, re-elected its officers, as follows: President, George W. York;
Vice-President, Mrs. N. L. Stow, and Secretary-Treasurer, Herman F.
Moore, Park Ridge, Ills. In the notice given last week we overlooked
giving the officers-elect. The writer being one of the number, per-
haps the oversight is pardonable.

The Minnesota State Convention was held Dec. 2 and 3,
at St. Paul, and it is reported to have been one of the best meetings
that Association ever held. The officers elected are as follows: Presi-
dent, Dr. E. K. Jaques; 1st Vice-President, Scott La Mont; 2d Vice-
President, W. fl. Ansell; 33 Vice-President, P. .J. Doll; Secretary,
Mrs. W. S. Wingate, Richfleld, Minn.; Treasurer, Dr. L. D. Leonard;
and Executive Committee, H. G. Acklin, Wm. McEwen, and Wm.
RuBsell.

A Big Honey-Tree Story. — The Lacon ^Illinois) Journal
published the following yarn about bees and a honey-tree lately. It
fell into the hands of Mr. E. H. Beardsley, one of our subscribers,
who sent it in. We think it compares favorably with some of the
stories they tell of Texas bee-caves. We would have been willing to
allow the Lone Star State to do all the " shining " in that line, but
some Illinoisan evidently thought he must get up a whopper, too, and
so he twinkles out with this one:

" This is a great year for honey. The white clover has been so
plentiful that the only thing that has limited the production of the
busy little bee has been the want of room. But this was not the case
with a bee-tree that Bill Farr discovered one day last week along the
banks of Mosquito Creek. Bill says that the tree is at least four feet in
diameter, and is hollow from top to bottom. There appears to be
only a thin shell inside the bark. His attention was attracted to the
tree by the honey seeping through. He thought of cutting the iree
down at first, but finally a better way suggested itself. He came to
town and got one of those long copper faucets that they tap beer-kegs
with. Then he bored a hole and drove the faucet in up to the hilt.
Now, whenever he wantB a few buckets of honey he goes to the bee-
tree and turns on the faucet, and it runs out like molasses out of a
sorghum barrel. He has already taken out 17 gallons, but it seems to
run just as free as ever. The bees appear to make it as fast as he
takes it out.

Rev. R. B. McCain, of Grundy Co., 111., is perhaps one of the
most successful new bee-keepers in the country. He was at the re-
cent Chicago-Northwestern convention, and after arriving home and
thinking it all over, he wrote us as follows:

Dear Mr. York: — Allow me to say that I thoroughly enjoyed the
convention. I think the time well spent. I was glad to meet the bee-

keepers, and to make the acquaintance of so many clean, honorable,
fine-spirited men. There must be something elevating in the bee-
business, or else it is attractive to men of good habits and high moral
purposes. And in this same connection let me say that it is a very
great gratification to me to find that the American Bee Journal is not
wanting in these same qualities. It goes a long way toward offsetting
some of the evidences of sordidness and dishonesty which we find in
the world, when we mingle with men whose lives are not circum-
scribed by the dollar-mark, and who undertake to conduct business
enterprises on sound moral principles. I am sure that I can very
heartily wish every one of them the best success. I am.

Very sincerely yours, R. B. McCain.

In the right kind of lite there is always more than dollars and
cents, and things that only endure on earth. Lots of bee-keepers are
also interested in possessing eternal characteristics, and all may do
likewise if they choose.

Some Expert Opinion

' In the multitude of counsellors there is safety." — Bible.

Number of Brood-Frames for Comb Honey.

If for some reason you were to start in anew to keep bees, and
were obliged to get an entirely new outfit —

Ques. 2. — How many frames for comb-honey production would
you use? Why?

N. E. France (Wis.)— S.

Wm. Rohrig (Ariz.)— I do not produce comb honey.

O. O. PoppLETON (Fla.) — I do not produce comb honey.

Mrs. J. M. Null (Mo.) — 10. Get better results in every way, in
this locality.

Prof. A. J. Cook (Calif.) — 10, as this is the number in the hive
preferred, as given in Question No. 1.

Dr. J. P. H. Brown (Ga.)— 9 or 10. In my climate and location
this number would take all the sections thai the colony could use.

R. L. Taylor (Mich.)— Either 8 or 16 Heddon frames, according
to circumstances. The less number when practicable to get the white
honey into the sections.

E. E. Hasty (Ohio) — 7 — more if the field is a good one. Because
I have been so doing for many years, and sufficient reasons for chang-
ing do not seem to appear.

Eugene Secor (Iowa)— 8. Because, in my experience, I think it
is about right. And, for indoor wintering, the hive is more easily
handled than a larger one.

Geo. W. Bkodeeck (Calif.) — 8 frames. Give all the room neces-
sary for the queen to breed in during the honey-flow, leaving no sur-
plus room for storing honey.

Mrs. L. Harrison (Ills.)— 8. In this locality I tried the 10-
frame hive, and it took so long to fill the hive that the bees completed
a much smaller amount of white clover honey.

P. H. Elwood (N. Y.) — We use 7, usually, and sometimes 8. We
like to have the frames pretty well filled with brood, and the number
of frames used depends upon the queen and the season.

E. S. LovEsY (Utah)— 9, still havinf,' the winter problem in view.
It makes a hive about the same in width, length and depth. The hive
being double wall, a super containing 21 or 28 sections could be used
on it.

C. Davenport (Minn.) — 8. Because in my locality I can secure
more surplus honey than I can with more. I have given this matter a
thorough trial, in a large enough way, so I have no doubt about the
matter.

Jas. a. Stone (Ills.)- 10 frames for any purpose. For the reason
that they are the mean between the two extremes, some preferring
larger and some smaller, so we choose the 10, and see no reason for a
change.

C. P. Dadant (Ills.) — 10, with a dummy occupying the space of
another frame. Because this would give sufficient space for brood
and honey with a frame of the size mentioned previously, and because
the super space would be quite ample.

G. M. DooLiTTLE (N. Y.) — 10 Langstroth frames. Because some
queens require that number of frames, and it is very easy making the
same into an S-frame hive, by slipping in a dummy on each side to
take the place of the two frames taken out.

Rev. M. Mahin (Ind.)— I produce but little comb honey, and sell
it all at home, and I am not authority. The number of frames I use
are about equivalent to 8 Langstroth frames, and for my locality that
is large enough, and not too large, for either extracted or comb honey.

C. H. DiBBERN (Ills.) — I would Use 10 shallow closed-end frames
to give as much room on top as possible. I prefer to use cases to hold
40 sections or more, rather than more cases with less sections. 2d, the
bees are kept In a more compact bunch, and do not have to travel so
far.

Dec. 17, 1903.

THt: AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

805

Dr. C. C. Miller (Ills.) — I don't know. If I had only one api-
ary, or didn't care for the weight of hives in moving, I would use 10
frames, because there is less danger of going into winter short of
stores. On account of greater uase in lifting and moving the smaller
hives, I now prefer S frames.

.]. M. IIambaooh (Calif.)— I am not good comb honey authority,
not being a specialist in that line. I am sure, however, I would not
use a brood-chamber of less than :iOOO cubic Inches capacity. You can
contract a large brood-chamber, but you can not expand a small one.
I would want a lU-frame hive, but locality has something to do with
this (luestion.

Adrian Getaz (Teun.) — Not more than 9. With more than that
the supers are too heavy. Furthermore, when giving the first super
to the colony, the weather is not very warm yet, and giving too much
space then is injurious, as the bees can not keep up the proper tem-
perature in a too-large space. The frames should be deep enough to
make up what they lack in number, so as to have the brood-nest of
the proper size.

E. .Whitcomb (Nebr.) — The colony will in no case begin to store
comb honey until the brood-chamber is first well filled. I deem it
better to tier up than to spread over the ground too much. The 8-
frame hive is easier to put into winter quarters; it isn't so hot to
work over in summer; it costs less money to make, and with the
present price of lumber, all these questions must be taken into ac-
count lest we come out on the wrong side of the ledger.

J. A. Green (Colo.)— Either 8 or 10 of my shallow frames, ac-
cording to circumstances. To explain fully the " why " of this would
require a long article, or several of them. Briefly, because one sec-
tion of the brood-chamber, or frames, is enough for the most profitable
production of comb honey at certain times; while two sections, or 10
frames, are large enough at any time, and just right for profitable
wintering and the building up of good colonies in the spring.

G. W. Demaree (Ky.) — No answer to this question can be made
to apply to all conditions in so great a country as this. Each bee-
keeper should study his own environments, and work in accordance
with Nature's laws that are immovable. In the Middle States, where
the spring bloom may begin as early as March 20, giving the bees time
to build up strong by the time the white clover harvest begins, the 10-
frame Langstroth hive will give from 10 to 35 percent more comb
honey than an S-frame hive will, under the same management. Why?
Well, the honey will show why !

L. Stachelhausen (Tex.)— I would use 10 frames in one story.
For comb-Loney production this gives a larger top surface than S
frames, consequently more room for sections. In winter and spring I
would use two stories; this gives plenty room for the development of
a strong colony. When the honey-flow commences, and the sections
are given, 10 frames containing the most brood would be crowded
into one story. The other combs without bees are used elsewhere in
the apiary. This forces the bees at once to commence work in the
sections. Larger hives (for instance, 12 frames) are not as handy to
manipulate; smaller hives (8 frames) are out of shape, and cost more
per frame.

S. T. Pettit (Out.) — The hive full until after swarming. For
best results the hive must be practically full of brood from side to side
when the sections are put on. I would not weaken the bees on any
account by removing brood before swarming. At swarming, I would
put them on one full frame near the center; then five or six dummies
about one-half at each side of the hive; then fill up the center with
starters. The full comb catches the pollen and carries a part of the
weight of the bees, thus relieving the starters and the newly- built
combs. If the bees are up to the mark in strength, and the top-bars
thin, and if an all-metal queen-excluder, wedges and dividers, be used,
I never could see but that the work over the dummies was just as good
as over the brood, and I have taken many thousand sections in this
way. These directions apply to a 12-frame hive; other hives may be
treated similarly.

R. C. AiKiN (Colo.)— With my shallow 5x16 frames, I would use
8 to 16, usually 10, during the flow while storing siirplnii : but all the
rest of the year, where out-door wintering is practiced. I would use
24, especially immediately before the surplus flow came on. Of these
frames 8 are equal to 4 Langstroth frames, 16 to 8, and 34 to 13. The
w/i?/ is, that a large hive in the fall gives breeding-room, and store-
room, too, so that at no time need the brood be unnecessarily reduced
in quantity, thereby, in most cases, and particularly with young
queens, insuring a good force of bees to start into winter. I would
keep the brood-chamber large in spring because it gives more encour-
agement to breeding (note that the surplus room would be beneath
the brood with such a hive), and tends to discourage swarming. When
the flow arrives, contract to about s-Langstrotn-frame capacity— some-
times less. With a small chamber— 6 to 8 Langstroth frame— during
the flow, better finish and better results all around with small cham-
ber, and more so with light flows or weak colonies.

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal— by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

I Convention Proceedings J

THE LOS ANGELES CONVENTION.

Report of the Proceedings of the 34th Annual

Meeting of the National Bee-Keepers'

Association, Held at Los Ang-eles,

Calif., Aug. 18, 19 and 20,

1903.

[Continued from page 791.)
OVERnONENBSS OF BEE-KBEPING.

" Is bee-keeping overdone ? Is all territory occupied ?"

John F. Crowder— No, it has not begun yet. Up in th e
San Joaquin Valley the country is improving all the time ;
new alfalfa fields are growing all the time, and the bees
don't quite keep pace with the increase. There are new
fields in my territory.

T. O. Andrews— If they get into the fashion of cutting
the alfalfa as they do here— they cut it eight and ten times
— don't give it a chance to bloom. I doubt if there is 100
pounds, or 1000 pounds, of honey produced in three or four
counties in this part of the State.

J. P. Ivy— I think the people that live in a locality have
a great deal more to do with it than the locality. I have
yet to know a community where a bee-man would be vvel-
come with bees.

OVERSTOCKING A LOCALITY.

"What can be done to keep bee-keepers from imposing
on each other by placing a large apiary close to another
one ?"

Dr. Miller— However difficult that question is, it is a
question that will come up practically to many of your
minds. A good many years ago I called down the anathe-
mas of nearly the entire bee-keeping fraternity by saying
that I believed that every man should, in some way, have
some legal title to his locality. They asked me whether I
meant it. I did mean it. I believe that a man should have,
and if the thing proceeds far enough, it will some time come
to that, and I stand here, with the risk of being called crazy
again, to say to you that if bee-keeping is conducted on a
safe basis, as other business, a man must have some kind
of assurance that the territory he occupies will remain his.

George M. Wood— I wish to say to the bee-keepers here
that this is one of the most vital questions that can be
brought before this Association. We have been in this
business, some of us, for years. I have been keeping bees
in this county for 25 years. I first commenced in Sacra-
mento, buying a lot of bees in Mr. Harbison's hives. I had
peaceable possession of a range for 20 years. It is due to
every man that his own earnings be protected. Are we
going to let one man, or two men, come on either side of us
with 100 or 200 colonies of bees, and put them on either side
of my apiary, or your apiary, just as he sees fit, asking no
questions whether it is right or wrong, whether it is bene-
fiting you or injuring you ? What are we going to do with
this ? Are we going to conduct this business on a peace-
able principle ? If we are, we want to know it. Will there
be some resolution adopted in this Association to protect
every man's interest in his bees? I do not care who he is.
That is the law. All men need to protect themselves. If
you are going to be infringed upon, protect yourself.
You will be respected for protecting your house and your
family, your property and your civil rights. Let this ques-
tion be brought up, and let it be read in your households,
by your firesides, by every bee-keeper in the land, and let
the principle be lived up to. This is a question that is too
little thought of in this Association, or in the United States,
You can infringe on one man more than another. There is
a little range over there. He has been there a number of
years; he has a right to that range. If he owns a good
location there, he has a right to a good range. Let us bring
this question before the Association, and try to have some
action taken on it in the future. What do you say about it,
gentlemen ? Such is going on all the time.

Delos Wood— I do not agree with Dr. Miller, nor with
the man who has just spoken, who has the same name as I

806

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

have, but we are not related, that I know of. Suppose this
man owns a farm, and possibly 200 colonies of bees on it.
Suppose my friend. Dr. Miller, buys a farm and puts 200
colonies on it, and I buy a farm between them, and put on
it 1000 colonies of bees. Who has a right to the range ?

Mr. Crowder — I have had as much experience in mov-
ing apiaries, and having to move in different localities, as
much, I think, as anybody in the State. If you don't own
the land somebody may make you move off. I started in on
one piece of land, and another bee-keeper came in and
bought this land, and I had to go.

W. D. French — I think that any man who respects his
neighbors — any bee-keeper, it seems to me — should know
better than to infringe upon his neighbors. The moral
part of if it is good, but this Association never can do any-
thing, and no laws could be passed that would be legal, that
would prohibit one man from operating on his own terri-
tory. It is very good to talk it up, but it is not within the
jurisdiction of the people themselves, because any law of
this kind passed by any legislature would be unconstitu-
tional, and there is nothing that would prevent any number
of men keeping bees together. The moral part of it is very
good, indeed, but it can not be helped by any legislation.

Mr. Abbott — What can we do to keep the other fellow
from selling supplies where we sell ?

Mr. Corey — Like Mr. Harbison, go far out in the moun-
tains, where nobody wants to go, and nobody wants to go
to church, school, or anything of the kind, and buy all the
land that joins you, and if you can not do that, lease all
that is around you 1

BEST SBPARATOR — COMB HONEY IN CARTONS.

"What is the best all-around separator for comb
honey ?"

A. I. Root- -Fence.

" Will it pay the comb-honey producer to put his best
grade of comb honey in cartons ?"

Dr. Miller — I think that depends entirely upon the mar-
ket. There are markets which will pay for cartons, and
give the advanced price. Other markets will not stand it
at all.

Mr. York — As a dealer, I would prefer not to buy the
honey in cartons with the producers' card on, as I wish to
put it up in cartons with my own name on as seller.

STOPPING THE ADUl.TERATION OF HONEY.

" What is being done to stop the adulteration of honey,
and what can we do to stop it ?"

Mr. Benton — There has been a great deal of effort in
the city of Washington to secure the passage of a Bill which
should forbid the adulteration of honey, and putting it on
the market under the name of honey — not to forbid the
adulteration of honey, but to forbid its being put forth un-
der the name of honey, when it is some other substance
than honey. This Bill was introduced into Congress by a
congressman from Pennsylvania, now deceased. At the
same time one was introduced into the Senate, and year
afte«- year the Pure Food Congress met there and urged the
passage of this Bill ; not this Bill alone, but a Bill for pure
food in general, and it included honey. It is now simply
awaiting reintroduction. In that case a standard would be
adopted for honey as well as other substances, and the sub-
stance would be collected and examined by the Chemist of
the United States Department of Agriculture, who would
then be empowered to decide as to the purity or non-purity
of the substance ; the parties could then be proceeded
against under statute of the United States. This would
regulate the sale of these articles in States and Territories
under the government. It would still depend upon the
States to take similar action. It depends a good deal upon
people who are interested in the sale of these articles to
push forward such a Bill as a model for all the States. It
will come up at the next session of Congress.

Chairman— Is it not a fact that there was a Pure Food
Bill slipped through, and the United States Government is
now getting in shape to get it enforced ?

Mr. Benton — There was a Bill regarding foods from
foreign countries, but that covers only the importation of
goods from foreign countries.

Prof. Cook — I think this is a very important matter.
As I understand it, the Pure Food Law passed the lower
house, but did not get through the Senate. I think we
sho-ild do all we can to get it through. We ought to have
it. It is one of the great necessities. We ought to reach
out as strongly as we can in our State. That is something
we ought never to lose sight of, and use every occasion we
can to push legislation in that direction.

F. G. Teachout — Would it not be in order to appoint a
committee to look after this matter, and urge it on, to do
anything that can be done?

H. H. Hyde — I think the proper man to help it on is Mr.
France. Let all of you work on your Senators, and let us
request Mr. France to do all he can.

Chairman — Would it not be well to pass a resolution
embodying these sentiments?

Mr. Hyde offered the following motion, which was sec-
onded, put, and carried :

Resolved, That the National Bee-Keepers' Association
urge upon their representatives in Congress, and in the
Senate, to take up the matter of the Pure Food Bill in the
interests of the people, and urge its passage.

OUEEN-BREEDER'S right to A LOCALITY.

" The right of a bee-keeper to the undisturbed posses-
sion of the honey-field he occupies has received considerable
attention and recognition of late. Should not the field
occupied by a queen-breeder with a given race be similarly
respected?"

J. K. Williamson — If you will all read Carlisle's " Title
Deeds to Land," it will settle some of the difficulties of this
question of property rights.

Frank Benton — It seems to me you are mistaking the
scope of these questions, somewhat. Nobody claims that a
man has a legal right to control honey produced on his
neighbor's land or the public domain. Nobody has sug-
gested a legal right. The whole question, it strikes me, is,
as bee-keepers, should we not respect the rights of others
in these matters from a moral stand-point ? If a certain
man, Dr. Miller for instance, has located his bees some-
where, would it not be, to a certain extent, immoral if I
should go right across the road and start up the same busi-
ness ? I do not for one moment think I would not have a
legal right to do that.

Speaking more to the question, a queen-breeder should
have a moral right from the same stand-point. He is
located in a certain region ; let him have a fair chance, at
least, of a pure mating of queens with the drones of a com-
mon race — the right of mating there for a large area. He
may have a great many colonies of Italian bees ; I may
have a right to bring in a lot of those dastardly (1) Cyprians
and spoil his Italians. Then I might bring in Carniolans;
I might even put blacks in there. I might take an actual
occurrence. I have been trying the Cyprian race of bees,
and one reason I tried that race was I did not know they
were supplied by any other apiary in the United States. I
did not know to whom to recommend them. Another thing,
the Department of Agriculture has sent out queens of this
race. As they happen to own no bees, I put into the De-
partment there an apiary of Cyprian queens, and furnished
the stock to the Department free of cost, never receiving
one penny for them. The A. I. Root Co. have an establish-
ment three blocks below them, where they sell goods. You
all know the stand taken by this firm on this point : that it
was a moral wrong to encroach upon another man's ter-
ritory. Yet they, or their agents, have put into that piece
of property below there all sorts of bees, and that destroys
utterly any experiments I might be making in that locality.
Now, I doubt not they are not living up to the idea advo-
cated as to the right of a person to the territory. I would
not go down and set up an apiary beside one of pure Cypri-
ans, and put Carniolans in it. I think the point as regards
a queen-breeder is even more important than a honey-pro-
ducer, because a queen-breeder goes into a locality he has
selected, and it will be, perhaps, harder for him to select a
locality free from contamination. Furthermore, his queens
are going out all over the country, and the injury extends
beyond him.

Emerson T. Abbott — I want to tell something the A. I.
Root Co. did. They got a letter from a man in my town,
asking if he could buy supplies from them, and they wrote
back, saying : " Mr. Abbott sells supplies in St. Joseph,
and we prefer not to sell to you." And I am not their agent,
either I

BEES WORKING ON DIFFERENT FLOWERS.

" Bees are never seen working on two kinds of flowers
at a time. Thus, Nature's plan is for bees to work on one
kind of flower at a time, and carry its pollen from flower to
flower, which helps the fruit."

Dr. Miller — The only question in that is a statement,
and the statement is not strictly true. Bees do work on
more than one kind of flower. I have seen them, but not
very often.

Frank Benton— Pollen from distantly related flowers,

Dec. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

807

pollen not closely related, would not cross with any other,
even a variety of the species.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AMENDMENTS.

Mr. Marks— On behalf of the Committee on Amend-
ments, I beg leave to report the following- amendments to
the Constitution, in accordance with Article IX of the Con-
stitution : [These appeared on page 595, and as they are of
special interest only to members of the Association, and as
they will get them in thecieneral Manager's Annual Report
this month, we do not give them again here. — Editor.]

E. T. Abbott also handed to the Secretary copies of
some amendments which he desired to have submitted to
the membership of the Association at the next election.
Owing to strenuous objection being made on account of
their not having been presented to the Committee on
Amendments, Mr. Abbott relieved the Secretary of them.
During this part of the last session there was considerable
wrangling, after which a special committee was appointed
to determine what action should be taken in regard thereto.
A recess was declared, at the close of which T. O. Andrews,
secretary of the committee, being called on, said : " We
beg leave to report that we recommend adjournment at
once." On motion, the report was adopted, and the con-
vention adjourned to meet in 1904, at the call of the Execu-
tive Committee.

[ Our Bee-Heepin§ Sisters)

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Sister's Experience With Bees.

I have had a good deal of experience in keeping bees. I
like the Bee Journal very much, and keep them all in a bos.
I have never read nor seen any bee-books. I do almost all
the taking care of the bees and honey. I had 34 colonies
last spring, and increased 16. I prevent my bees from
swarming, and run them for comb honey. I have had good
sale for all the honey my bees have gathered. I have had
a bountiful crop this year. Two years ago a swarm came
to my bee-yard from parts unknown, and they gathered 271
pounds of surplus comb honey this year.

I like the Sister's department very much. I think it
should be made into a book, so that it will be a record left
after we are gone to " the other shore."

This winter I will give you a correct answer of the
humming of the bees in the cellar.

I have been keeping bees for 20 years. My husband
made all the bee-hives and started me in the bee-business.

Iowa. Catherine Wainright.

Are you not making a mistake in not having a bee-
book ? If you have done so well without a book, might you
not do enough better with it to pay the price of a book
several times ? Remember that a bee-paper is not intended
to take the place of a bee-book, but to supplement it.

Queen Questions — Italian Bees.

The Bee Journal is a source of weekly pleasure to me,
which I would not care to be without. I enjoy reading the
Sisters' letters very much — they are interesting, having so
many different experiences.

I now have S colonies, which are in a very flourishing
condition. One is a pure Italian, and the other 4 a first
cross, or half-bloods, I think.

-■^»; I did not get very much honey the past summer, for I
was anxious to build up and increase, but next year my
bees ought to repay me, as I am in a good locality for them.
Here in California the bees are wintered on the summer
stands, and there are very few days, the year round, when
they are not doing something. Nearly each month of win-
ter there are some flowers blooming.
I should be glad to have these questions answered :

1. When a queen is superseded, can the bees rear as
good a queen from her eggs as from eggs of a younger
queen ?

2. Are Italian drones always yellow, or are they some-
times black ?

3. Would the journey from New York State to Califor-
nia shorten the life of a queen-bee ?

4. Are Italian bees always yellow ? and do the bands
merge, or are they separated by a black band ?

5. I bought two Italian queens (Doolittle's goldens) ; to
one I gave young bees just hatching, and it built up into
my most populous colony. The second one I introduced as
per directions. Last month she died, leaving a young
queen and a hive full of Italians behind her. Do you think
the journey weakened her, or that she just simply failed,
and the bees threw her out ? I found her outside the hive,
nearly dead, one day, but for about a fortnight both young
and old queens were to be found upon one frame, living
very peaceably together. Why did the bees nearly kill her
and throw her out ?

6. I have reared 3 queens from my choice Italian, and
their bees have 3 bands, but are not as yellow as bees from
the Italian queen. Would they be pure, or do you think
them half-bloods ? Martha White.

Los Angeles Co., Calif., Nov. 23.

1. Just as good, if the queen superseded is as good stock
as the younger queen.

2. They vary very much as to color, some being very
dark.

3. Sometimes, and sometimes not.

4. The first three bands of the abdomen, beginning at
the waist, are yellow.

5. It is very hard to say. For some reason she was
superseded. Bees will sometimes supersede their queen
when she is quite young, and evidently doing good work.
Perhaps they are able to detect signs of failure before we
can. It is not such a very unusual thing for the old queen
to continue for some time laying in company with her
successor.

6. The queens may be considered pure if their worker-
bees have three yellow bands.

To Soften and Whiten the Hands.

The Ladies' Home Journal gives the following :
Sleep in gloves with the finger tips cut off, and use the
following formula : Myrrh, one ounce ; honey, four ounces ;
yellow wax, two ounces; rose-water, six ounces. These in-
gredients are mixed into a paste, the wax, rose-water and
honey being heated over boiling water.

Contributed Articles

The Use of Drone and Queen Excluders.

BY C. P. DADANT.

We have of late been having much about queen and drone exclud-
ers between the brood-chamber and super; that the bees till the brood-
chamber and keep it full, and what they put above can be extracted
without any danger of interfering with sufficient stores for winter, or
at any other time. If this is the fact, 1 think it would be a good idea
to get a supply of excluders for the coming year.

Tulare Co., Calif. • A. B. Carpenter.

The use or non-use of drone and queen excluders de-
pends altogether upon the management of the apiary. We
have kept drone-excluders for sale for years, but I am quite
willing to say that it was not because we think they are to
be recommended, but only because some customers think
that they can not do without them. Personally, I have no
use for the queen-excluders between the stories, neither do
I think well of the drone-excluders at the hive-entrance.
The drone-traps are not a new thing, though evidently those
made now are superior to those used of old, but old Butler,
in 1609, recommended what he called a " drone- pot," to keep
thedronesout of the hive after they had once emerged from
it. L'Abbe Collin, in modern times, was probably the first
to use perforated 7.inc between the stories. This was about
the middle of the nineteenth century. Yet, the use of queen-
excluders has not gone forward as much as that of other
more practical implements.

If the queen has plenty of room for her brood in the

806

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLHWAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

lower story, previous to swarming-, there will be no laying
of eggs in the supers. The breeding in supers takes place
mainly in very small hives— 8-frame hives, or smaller— be-
cause a prolific queen finds herself cramped for room, and,
of course, will seek all chances of depositing eggs. In large
hives — those of 10 frames or more— the laying of eggs in the
super takes place only in irregular seasons, when the flow
is intermittent, so that combs are built, partly filled, and
then partly emptied during bad weather, or a change in con-
ditions. Those combs that have been fresh built, and
emptied of the honey, are open to the queen, and she will
find them readily if in search of additional room. It is, of
course, unpleasant for the apiarist to see his nice sections
spoiled in appearance by brood, for those combs in which
brood has been reared, even but one time, are fit only for
storage-combs, and not salable. But in a good season, when
the flow is uninterrupted and strong, the bees fill the combs
as fast as they are built, and the spaces left empty are
scarce. The queen then remains over the brood and refills
the brood-cells as fast as the young bees hatch.

In producing extracted honey by our method, with half-
story combs above a large brood-chamber, the breeding in
upper stories is very rare, and only, as I have said before,
in irregular seasons, when quite a number of cells are left
within reach of the queen. We found that even the placing
of empty combs in the supers above the brood would not
draw the queen above, if the thing was done in time, that
is, before the combs below are too much crowded with
honey. After one super is full of honey the other empty
supers may be added above without much danger of the
queen crossing over a half-story of full combs to hunt for
cells. In all but exceptional instances the queen will not
go far from the brood-center to lay. On the other hand,
when the bees are run for extracted honey, it matters very
little whether brood is hatched in the supers, provided the
colony does not entirely desert the brood-combs to locate
above. This happens sometimes, but the instances of this
kind are so rare that I have never thought it worth while to
bother with the excluders for the sake of avoiding it.

The greatest objection to the queen laying eggs in the
supers when the colony is run for extracted honey, is that
often drone-combs are located in the super. If the queen
finds these, and she is tired of laying worker-eggs, we take
it that it is a rest to her to lay in drone-cells, either because
of the different positions in which her body is placed for
laying, or because the fecundation of the eggs that are
to hatch as workers gives her more fatigue than the laying
of eggs that pass through the oviduct without coming in
contact with the sperm-sac. At any rate, it is positive that
there are times when the queen will seek drone-cells, and it
is usually when she has been laying eggs regularly, and in
large numbers for some time.

If every comb in the super has been built on comb
foundation, there will be no more drone-comb in the upper
story than in the lower, but this is not always the case. We
used to save cur drone-combs, those cut out of the brood-
chamber, to place them in the extracting supers, and we
had a great many such combs in use when we recognized
the fact that it would have been cheaper, in the long run, to
have rendered up these combs for wax, and used worker-
combs in the entire hive, supers and all, owing to the
queen's occasional use of the drone-combs. The combs are
not a temporary investment ; they are to the bee-keeper al-
most the equivalent of real estate to the farmer, for they
need never be destroyed, and they increase in value and
strength with age, so that extracting-combs that have been
in use 30 years are really better than new ones. So the
primary cost of these combs is insignificant when compared
to their usefulness.

I am convinced that the laying of eggs in the super by
queens does not depend altogether upon the more or less
fertility of the queens, but depends mainly upon the condi-
tions of the season, and my reason for believing this is, that
there are seasons when not a single queen lays eggs in the
upper story, vphile there are other seasons, rare ones,
when perhaps one-fourth of the queens in an apiary will
occupy the upper story with brood, if there is any room
there at all. If this brood is layed in worker-cells in extract-
ing-combs, there is no harm done, but if it is in drone-cells,
we have lost a portion of our crop, for it takes a large
amount of food to rear and sustain those worthless gor-
mands for the ephemeral duration of their life.

Hancock Co., 111.

The Premiums we offer are all well worth working for
LfOok at them.

Eucalyptus Honey— Dark vs. Light.

BY E. V. PAGAN.

WHEREVER the famous eucalyptus will grow we
should think that bee-keepers would aid in planting
it. Its honey is delicious, of excellent flavor, thick
in body, though rather dark in color." So says the Editor
on page 757.

I am not going to dispute that eucalyptus honey is
" delicious " to you, Mr. Editor. I have tasted several dif-
ferent samples of it that came from Australia, its native
place, and I surely would not class it as delicious. Some of
it might pass as tolerably fair in flavor, but I think the
majority of persons would vote none of it better than that,
and some of it as unfit for table use. For years the effort
has been made to find a market for it in London, but the
effort has not been a great success. Australians say it is
excellent honey, but the people of England do not agree
with them.

A very little of some kinds of eucalyptus honey would
greatly damage any kind of light honey for my taste, and I
suspect it would for the general public of this country, so
that I should much dislike to have eucalyptus grow in
my locality if it should yield at the same time with plants
yielding the best white honey. It might, in some localities,
prove an English sparrow among honey-plants.

COLOR OF HONEY.

On page 757, W. A. Pryal says : " I believe the time is
not far off when color in honey will not cut much of a figure
so long as the article is of good flavor. To my notion, some
of the amber-colored honey I have tasted surpassed any of
the so-called white honeys ;" and the Editor adds : "Color in
honey is now, and has been, a fad which we are certain will
pass away like many another senseless fad."

Is not all of that said under a misconception ? Does
color, in and of itself cut any great figure to-day ? Suppose
that all the white honeys were dark, and that all the dark
honeys were light, and that they had always been so ; do
you think that water-white buckwheat honey, with its rank
taste, would come any nearer to the price of alfalfa honey of
a dark hue than does the present dark buckwheat to the "
white alfalfa ? Buckwheat honey is lower in price now
than alfalfa, not because it is darker, but because of the dif-
ference in flavor, and it so happens that most honey of light
color happens to suit the taste of most people better than
the generality of dark honey. In general, a lighter color is
a sign of a better flavor, and, so long as that continues, the
fad for light color will continue.

Since writing the foregoing, I asked a lady whether she
preferred the dark or light color in honey. With some lit-
tle hesitation she gave her preference to the dark color.
It was the answer I expected, for I knew in advance that
she preferred the taste of the dark. Very likely you will
find that those who prefer buckwheat and the stronger-
flavored honeys — and there are many of them — will all pre-
fer the darker colors ; and when the time comes that the
majority of the people like the taste of dark better than
light honey, then the fad will change — hardly till then.

[We are always glad to get sensible and honest criti-
cism of what we may say in these columns. We hope, also,
that we may never seem to convey the " know it all " im-
pression in what we write. We don't know a great many
things, and are learning all the time.

Now, after having written that paragraph, we want to
say further that after a number of years of experience in the
honey-business, dealing with thousands of grocers, the
great majority are faddish enough to think that they must
have light-colored honey. They care little for the flavor,
only so it is light-colored.

As to the flavor of eucalyptus honey, we were not speak-
ing of imported eucalyptus honey. Our sample came direct
from California, and it was most excellent honey, in flavor,
body, and color. There may be varieties of eucalpytus
honey just as there are of alfalfa and other honeys.

We shouldn't be surprised if Mr. Pagan would some day
be glad to have even eucalyptus honey rather than none at
all. What bee-keepers need is a sure, annual yielder, for
no matter what the color or flavor (so long as wholesome)
may be, there will be a demand for it somewhere in this
wide land of ours. — Editor.]

Dec. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

809

Doubling Up Colonies in the Fall.

BV T. I'. BINGHAM.

THE doubling of my bees for reduction in numbers, re-
ferred to in the American Bee Journal, depended entirely

upon circumstances, and not any peculiar adroitness of
the operator.

To understand the operation, it is essential to know that
my hive is 12'j inches square and 6,' ■ inches deep, composed
of 7 closed-end frames, held together by a wire loop or link
at each end. From one to ten such " hives " are a hive,
according- to conditions. Of course, the doubling did not
take place until all the brood was hatched, and the loose
honey all concentrated, usually in the top of the hive, or
collection of hives, as above. This clearing of those parts
or frames after the brood is matured is the main feature of
reduction of parts, as well as colonies of bees. The small,
short frames in the lower parts or hives the bees clear en-
tirely of honey, if there is room enough in the parts above
to hold it. It will be readily understood that one or more of
these hives of empty combs could be quickly removed, and
the remaining top hives of honey and bees set on the same
bottom-board.

This year the honey was short in all hives, and a pile
that was full of bees and 5 feet high in July could now be
reduced to two, or perhaps one such corresponding hive.
This, you will readily see, made it easy to unite to two, and
still keep the hive down to a wintering basis.

As I wished to select queens, hives not having well-
marked Italian bees were selected for reduction, and the
queen removed. I tried several periods of time after re-
moval of the queen, and found one or two days for queen-
lessness was desirable before uniting, which was done by
setting one colony on top of another, one of which was
queenless. Even though colonies deprived of their queen
showed confusion and evidence of queenlessness. It was
found that in some instances a few bees were killed if only
queenless a few hours. No brushing, or shaking, or smoke,
was used when setting them together, to induce them to be
kind to one another.

The small hives were readily taken apart, or out of the
pile, and, as appearances usually indicated which of them
contained the queen, the finding was readily accomplished.

My combs or hives are now piled up safely, ready for
another season's operations, while the bees are in hives
containing no more combs than required for safe wintering,
and quietly biding their time in the cellar. A few of them
were rather light in honey, and I have been feeding them
2}i pounds of sugar syrup once a week. They seem to like
it, and settle down just as well as if out-doors. They were
put into the cellar Nov. 10. The cellar showed 30 degrees,
and was closed. The cellar now shows 40 degrees with one
ventilator open. It might be a pleasure for some bee-keep-
ers to know that all the bees any queen can as a rule rear,
in ever so large hives, when the season is over, will cluster
in a hive of empty combs one foot square and 6'; inches
deep.

Miss Wilson's lady friends, who don't exactly like to
lift 50 to 100 pounds, might get a pointer from my hive as
above. I have none to sell, however.

Clare Co., Mich., Nov. 30.

Money as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (31^x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," written
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; 50 for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a full year tn advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Hasty's Afterthoughts

■ okl Htliulile " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo. Ohio.

THAT TEXAS AVERAGE OF HONEY AND WAX.

As to that queer Texas yield of 12 pounds of honey and
41 pounds of wax per colony, I saw what the trouble was at
the time, but thought best not to correct just then. Will
not Prof. Sanderson, and all the rest, avoid a kind of state-
ment so very liable to misunderstanding? Even if the
printer doesn't go wrong and leave out the dot, half the
readers will read wrongly. Very many of us are more or less
rusty on mathematical kinks which we never use ourselves.
If a single amount less than unity, or a few of them, are to
be given, state them some other way. If figures must
needs be used, don't be so stingy of them. Instead of .41
write 0.41, and mistakes by the reader will be cut down sev-
eral hundred percent. Page 692.

HOW NOT TO LEARN ABOUT BEES.

The way not to learn about bees. (Apologies to A. I.
Root.) Take every old farmer you can get at and pump him
dry on the subject. My, what an amount of misinformation
— and contradictory misinformation, at that — can be laid in
by that method ! Page 693.

LABORATORY FOUL BROOD AND PRACTICAL FOUL BROOD.

The bees are unjriendly to half-killed germs of foul
brood, don't want to develop them, while the experimenter,
of course, must be friendly. I think that circumstance ac-
counts for most of the divergence between laboratory foul
brood and practical foul-brood in the bee-yard. To get
started in a vigorous colony of bees the germs must not
only be alive, but lively. But don't you, on that account, do
less than the best you can to keep all germs away ! Page
696.

SHOOING INSTEAD OF SHOOTING HIGH SWARMS.

In my domain, page 698, read "shooing" instead of
"shooting," to get down the lofty swarm. This is the
worse, because, in default of anything else that seems prac-
ticable, actual shooting is sometimes indulged in.

SOME INTERESTING CALIFORNIA HISTORY.

Mr. Harbison's remarkable talk should hardly be passed
over without gleaning a little. Honey at a dollar a pound,
and bees at 100 dollars a colony, and business brisk in both
directions! Must be pleasant to remember these old Cali-
fornia times, as it is pleasant to us to hear about them. For
one man, 3750 colonies in 12 apiaries is quite a lot. Appar-
ently no one ever had time to figiire up their biggest crop —
only knowing it was a heap over 100,000 pounds of comb
honey. (Biggest crop seems to have come when there were
not nearly so many bees. 'Twould be only a matter of 30
pounds each for the maximum number.)

The point-blank contradictions of the human mind get
a good illustration. "Nothing that bees could live on in
California," was the verdict of many apparently intelligent
men that had been there. Other men, who had been there,
contradicted — and were right. Curious that the same thing
had to be gone over again a few years later. " Nothing for
bees to live on in southern California" — best bee-pasture in
the State, if not in the world. Pages 709 to 711.

KEEPING A BINGHAM KNIFE CLEAN AND DRY.

Wonder if Bingham is right, that honey and water rusts
the knife carelessly left in it much less than pure water.
Quite imaginable. But don't you experiment in that line.
The Bingham knife is a choice tool, and do you clean it up
nicely every day— and dry it off lovingly with a nearly dry
hand. Page 712.

CLEANING PROPOLIZED HANDS.

As to hot water versus cold water to clean propolized
hands I'm going to split up again. Use both. Don't ex-
pect to accomplish a job of such magnitude without quite a
bit of work, and intelligent work, too. Clench the smooth
limb of a tree, and, twisting slightly, make that take ofi" the
first installment of the propolis. Then get the coldest
water you can and wash with very decided emphasis — with-
out any soap at first — then put on the soap and do so some

810

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

more. Spots will still remain ; scrape 'era well with the jack-
knife — and then another round of soap and cold water — and
then a second scrape with the knife. Last of all, warm
water and soap. Cold water makes propolis so bi'ittle that
it will powder up ; while under hot water it just masses to-
gether. But when there's not much left but stain, then
warm water and soap get ahead best. Any good soap fit for
heroically dirty hands. My experiment with Lava soap
didn't please me. Altogether too much lather ; and too long
afterward the fingers smelled and tasted. Alcohol and kero-
sene and vinegar, and probably lots of other chemicals, are
good — for those who incline to like them — but the above
racket, using no kept-a-purpose article, seems to me to be
the "orthodox " way. Page 712.

NON-SWARMING IN LARGE APIARr BY CBI.I.-CUTTING.

Yes, Sister Wilson, King Abimelech didn't like to have a
woman slay him, but you and I can manage it. Glad to be
slain (ought to be, whether I am or not), and know that large
apiaries are actually taken through the season, with more or
less of non-swarming success, by the process of cell-cut-
ting. I honestly thought that was " book farming " except
where the colonies were few. Page 713.

Dr. Niller's Answers

]

Send Questions either to the offlce of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Don't "Drown" Queens for Introducing.

" A Tork County Bee-Keeper," in the Canadian Bee Journal,
quotes one of my replies in this department as saying that in introduc-
ing a queen the queen is to be held under water till "nearly or entirely
drowned," and he seems to think that if entirely drowned a queen
would not be of great value. After consulting the dictionary, and
making a careful search among my assortment of excuses, the only ex-
cuse I can find that tits the ease is ignorance — pure, unadulterated
ignorance. I was not familiar enough with the English language to
know that when a person or thing was drowned that person or thing
was dead, dead. I thought that upon being submerged in water,
when it ceased to move it was drowned. I should have said to hold
the queen under water till she nearly or entirely ceased to struggle. If
my York County friend will continue to help me in gaining a knowl-
edge of the English language, I'll promise never again to advise the
drownii;g of a good queen. C. C. Miller.

Wintering and Swarming in Tenement Hives-Hard
Pine for Hives— Sweet Clover.

1. Will bees winter well in a double-wall tenement hive (4 in one) ?
3. How can I prevent bees in a tenement hive from swarming?
Can I make brush swarms?

3. Will hard pine do for hives, or will the smell of pitch harm the
bees?

4. Is sweet clover a good honey-plant in this locality? If so, how
much seed is required to sow an acre ? What time of the year should
it be sown? Where can I get it, and what is the price?

Indiana.

Answeks. — 1. Yes.

3. Yes, you can brush swarms in tenement hives, and the prevention
of 'prime swarms is the same as prevention of prime swarms in other
hives; but if one of the colonies can be moved only by moving the
whole four, prevention of after-swarms will not be so easy as with
colonies in separate hives.

3. I don't know, but I hardly think there would be a sufficiently
strong odor of pitch to make trouble.

4. It is one of the best. About 10 pounds of seed will sow an acre.
Sow when farmers in your vicinity sow red clover. You can get it
from most dealers in bee-supplies, or from seed stores, at about 13
cents a pound.

Spraying Fruit-Trees-Rendering Wax-Domestic
Goldenrod.

1. Is there a law against spraying fruit-trees when in blossom in
New Jersey.

3. Late this fall I found eggs in a number of my hives, and think-
ing I would watch to see how late the bees would breed, I opened that
hive a coupleof weeks later, and found that every egg had disap-
peared. What became of the eggs, and is this a usual thing to happen?

3. Can you give a simple plan to render wax in small quantities,

for one who does not care to get the implements usually used for that
purpose?

4. Sometimes late in the fall, or early in the spring, when there is
snow on the ground, there come warm days when the bees fly out,
and many of them drop, and, getting chilled in the snow, never rise
again, but die there. (I winter bees outside.) Would there be any
objection to conlining the bees in the hives on such days? If so, do
you know of any remedy to prevent the loss of bees from this cause?

5. Can you inform me where to get seed of domestic goldenrod?
It is very much like the wild goldenrod, except that it is much more
fragrant, and clumps of flowers are larger and deeper.

Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. I don't know; I think not.

3. You are a closer observer than the average. I think it is not an
unusual thing for queens to lay after the workers have decided that
they will rear no more brood. Likely the workers eat the eggs.

3. From " Forty Years Among the Bees," page 307, I quote: " An
old dripping-pan (of course, a new one would do) had one corner split
open, and that made the extractor. The dripping-pan is put into the
oven of a cook-stove with the split corner projecting out. The opposite
corner, the one farthest in the oven, is slightly raised by having a peb-
ble, or something of the kind, under it, so that the melted wax will run
outward. A dish set under catches the dripping wax, making the out-
tit complete. Of course, the material to be melted is put in the pan the
same as in the solar extractor."

4. Better not fasten the bees in, but shade the entrance thoroughly
with a broad board or screen of some kind, so as to prevent the en-
trance of the light.

5. No, I never heard of it before.

Splints for Foundation— Crossing Bees— Ventilating
Hives.

1. Dr. Miller says he puts foundation on with splints 1-16 of an
inch square. I would like to know where I can get the splints, as I
have no tools to make them.

3. Is wire used when splints are used?

3. Do you keep them k If so, what is the price of them?

4. Most of the bee-keepers say that a cross between Italians and
the common bees is better than either. What do you think of a cross
between Italians and Carniolans, or a cross between Italians and Cyp-
rians?

5. Do you ventilate hives at the top, when you unite on the sum-
mer stands? Virginia.

Answers. — 1. Tou can have them made at any manufactory
where they have machinery for slicing, such as they use for slicing
separators.

3. No wire is necessary.

3. No, I keep no supplies for sale. I do not remember the cost, but
they are not expensive.

4. I have doubts about a cross of Italians and blacks being better
than Italians. Some speak very highly of a cross between Italians and
Carniolans; but I think the other cross is not so much in favor.

5. With some sort of packing — absorbents, as they are called — a
very slight chance for upward ventilation ia allowed.

Cutting Out Drone-Comb- Honey Granulating.

1. When is the best time to cut drone-comb out of the brood-
chamber, all things considered?

3. Is a thin board fitted tight in a super, with a hole cut in it, and
wire-cloth over it, and filled with cut straw or sawdust, safe winter
protection ?

3. Will pure clover honey, run out on a section, look like granu-
lated sugar and sparkle by drying and by age? .\ neighbor gave m9
a section, with the name of the bee-keeper printed on it, that is partly
covered with what appears to be sugar, from sugar syrup fed to bees.
It looks like fine, granulated sugar, and sparkles, tasting like sugar. It
is a question with me, and some other bee-keepers, whether or not
honey will look like this with age. New York.

Answers. — 1. That depends. Perhaps the best time in general is
when a comb is empty and not in the care of the bees, so that you can
put a patch of worker-comb in place of the drone-comb without
interferring with the work of the bees. If the comb be in the care
of the bees, then any time when the bees are actively at work.

2. I suppose you mean wire-cloth is over the hole. It will do
with cut straw ; sawdust might be a little solid. Planer shavings and
dead leaves are good.

3. I don't know. It is just possible that honey might sometimes
have that appearance.

What Trees to Plant.

I have read Prof. Cook's " Roadside Tree-Planting and Reforest-
ing," on page 760. I would like to hear more on the subject of treo-
)iUinting. What trees are suitable for rooky hillsides, and along
streams, etc.? also, trees that are suitable for a colder climate than
California! Missouri.

Answer. — Among honey-trees that might meet your desires are
hurd maple, soft or red maple, fruit-trees, tulip-tree (called also poplar
and whitewood), locust and inden, or basswood.

Dec. IT, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

811

4 Percent Discount During December !

lid order now. Take advantaj;e of this discount. Have your goods
JXJST TlillSTK; OF IT !

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.

WE HAVE GROWN f

TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS.

The rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January' 1st we
will be located at 51 WALNUT STREET. This forced change will remove us
only half a block from our old home, but there we will have four floors, with increased
facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES.

We Have To Do This. We Lead.

ill be lacking.

ill find a complete line of every- ^

7 In the new place noth

3, thing in the bee-line.

9 The MUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^

^ TION.etc. Soecial Hiscounts for Early Orders. COME AND SEE US. ^

;^ QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season. Send for Catalog. ^

2 The Fred W, Muth Co,, '''""* aNciNNATi, oh lo. %

s

3

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We ■n-lll present you with the flrst (o yoa
take in to start you in n pood paying busi-
Send 10 cents for full line of eamples
and directdonB how to beirfn.
DRAPER PUBLISHING CO., Cblcaso, Ills.

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at $4 00 per gros-. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at I4.S0 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f< r postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

7oCortlandtSt., NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Reduced Rate for Christmas and

New Year Holidays.
The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004, at rate of a fare and a third for
the round-trip, within distances of ISO
miles, good returning' to and including
Jan. 4, 1904. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining-cars. No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel Plate
Road. Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, L,a Salle and Van Buren Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop. 'Phone Central
2057. 30— 49A4t

REMOVAL NOTICE.

We wish to advise our friends that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located in our new 3-story builditig, S2i Monroe Street, where we shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of

Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West. ^

Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low L

freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December, T

enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points. Thanking you for past r

favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain, L

Yours truly, T

GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO. f

I-'r.KK ("A TALOG. Ask for it. m

Let me SELL or BUY your i

HONEY i

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered Ciacianati. t?

^ IF IN NEED ^ g

State quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business on the cash H

basis, in buying or selling. g

Full stock of Bee-SuppHes, the best made. Root's Goods a

at their factory prices. SEEDS of Honey-plants. S

C. H. W. WEBER a"n"d"nnfrS^^^- ^- -'''""'^ |

2146-48 Central Ave., CINCINNATI, OHIO. g

Order Your 8c6°SuppliGS Now

While we can serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

Great Year for Bees.

What success I have had 'in bee-keeping I
attribute to the " old rolialile'' American Bee
■Journal

Last spring I had 2 colonies of bees, and
some empty hives. I bought 3 swarms in
May, where they had settled, for $1.00 each,
and increased to 11.

It was a great year for honey here. After
(jiving several preachers a lot, and all the
neighbors some, and keeping enough for ray
own use, I sold "00 pounds at 12,U' cents a
pound. It was all in pound sections. As
soon as 1 take it off, I take it to the cellar
and leave the door just a little open, so the
bees will come out. Then it is not spoiled
with too much smoke. I

In the summer I put a box that is about
S'inches deep over each hive, for a shade, lay-
ing 2 pieces of board, one inch thick, across
the hive, so there will be an air-space.

iioe-keeping is a side-issue with me. but I
like it very much. C. W. Baker, M. D.

Harrison Co., Mo., Nov. 2".

Queen Laying in Queen-Cells.

On page 7(51!, just received to-day, I notice
a little comment by Delos Wood on Mr. A.
C. F. Bartz's article on queen-rearing, where
he asks anyone who ever saw a queen lay eggs
in a queen-cell to hold up his hands. Mine
are up, and if I had 3 diflerent queens yet
alive, 1 have owned, 1 could very quickly
make Mr. Delos Wood hold up his hands. One
queen kept uie supplied for over two months
with eggs, and many are the times I have
seen her back up into queen-cups, and when
she crawled out I found an egg in the cell. I
used to put in sticks of cell-cups for her every
few days, and, when tilled with eggs and
young larvic, removed to other hives for ma-
turing. All such queens I used were old and
were trying to supersede, but I saw a year-old
queen backed in a natural cup .iust as I lifted
the comb. They were making preparations to
swarm.

I used to be of the same opinion as Mr.
Wood, but I must believe my eyes. I also
saw 7 worker-bees backed in a comb as far as
their wings would let 1 hem at one time, and
after killing these 7,1 soon killed 23 more
that were backed in the same comb. So, I came
to the conclusion that laying workers are un-
limited in number when they get started. I
further believe that worker bees do not put
eggs in a cell any other way than by laying

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

UMIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTED

lho«e who work for Q*L Cow kecj>^™aU»yB

UiX* proEta. Eaay work. W« fann8h«i.lt«l. Stud
10 Mntil for tuli line of MUnplen ftud partlculsra.

DRAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO.. Chlcaio, Ilia.
Please mention Bee Jouma) wten ■wrritlna

Please Mention Bee fJournal
when writing advertisers.

812

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

in there, but 1 do not know ; but I also do
not believe Mr. Wood ever saw a worker-bee
take an egg from one cell deposited by a queen
and carry it to another cell and place the
same egg in it, and see it develop into a
worker or a queen.

Mr. Bartz's plan would not work, of course,
but it you have an old queen that wants to
supersede, just get a lot of natural cups and
stick with hot wax to the upper side of a hori-
zontal slit in a comb in the center of the hive,
and destroy all other queen-cell cups in the
hive, and if she is at the right stage of super-
sedure, in a couple of days you will have a
nice lot of queens in them, which, after they
hatch and are being fed, can be removed, and
process repeated as long as the queen lives, or
as you desire ; and if you follow that up with
several nice, gentle queens, week after week,
and year after year, as I have done, you will
surely see more than one queen backed in the
cells; and if your queens are of properly
selected stock, as they should be, you will
soon have a lot of bees that will surprise you
in what they can do. Let every queen be
reared from the best mother, and so on for
many years, and you will have no poor drones
to mate your choice queens.

I have an apiary in San Bernardino Co.,
Calif., and I believe if Mr. Wood will come
over to see me next summer, I can show him
some proof of what I have said.

Thos. Chantry.

Davison Co., S. Dak., Nov. 28.

Poor Season for Bees.

The past season was rather poor for this
locality. White clover was very plentiful,
but the weather was so cold that several
colonies at my out-yard died of starva-
tion after the fields were white with clover.
The bees did not commence storing surplus
until near the last of June, and then the flow
lasted only two weeks. I never saw so much
swarming, and not a swarm stored any sur-
plus, and all of those that were not hived on
full icombs had to be fed for winter. Our

FENCE!

STRONGEST
MADE. BuU

strong, Chicken-
Tip^ht Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale
Frlcps Folly Warranted, Cataloff Free.

COILBD SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 89 Wlnebesler, Indiana, V. S. A.

Please meatioii the Bee Journal

Mm,

I O 13 f* ol every

eJdib,"™'"

FOR

Honey
Dealers

G. G. STUTTS GLASS GO.,

Manufacturers,
145 Chambers St. NEW YORK. N. Y.

45DSt Write for illustrations.

Repse mention Bee Journal wnen ■writing

2C AAA Ike of the very best Extracted
3,UUU lIDb. Honey for sale in new cans

^..««,— ^^-^^*— i"» at 6J^ cents per lb. for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honey

Please mention the Bee Journal.

OR. PEIRO'S

OXYGEN

TREATMENT for

WEAK LUNGS

Free. DR. PEIRO, Specialist,

52 l)carburn Street, CbicaffO*

n tiee Journal. Depi. ji.4.

)^i< >t^ jrfit xtx >ty »fa >V >t^ >tx >i^ >!^ ■'^x >V >v j^ >V. >i<>t^. >tot^

BEE = SUPPLIES!

Root's Qoods at Root's Prices.

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. POUDER'S HONEY-JARS.

Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. NEW CATALOG FREE.

WALTER S. POUDER, ^

512 Mass. Avenue, = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. L

7?«r >ic Tji' 7i<r >K >{«:>;<■>?» >l<^ >{<r Tj^TK >Jir ypr 7K ■>?«■>?«■ >?«^ >?«: ■>?«

DITTMER'S FOUNDATION ^f^^bs^X^E

Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AND PUREST and in all respects the best and most desirable. Send for samples. Work-
ing wax into foundation for cash a specialty. Beeswax always wanted at Highest Price.

A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog-, with prices and discounts.

E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Agents for Canada.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mease meution Bee Journal ■when ■writma

450,000

-M" *»rIetlen.AlsoGrapeB,SinaU fci ., . .

ed stock (.ienuine, cheap. '.; sample currants mailea tor
10c. Desc. price list free. LEWIS UOESCU, Fredoola, N. K-

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CURED

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The enormous charges ^Pe'-jf "^'Afif?,^'
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refund your
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and ask «or our tree bo.ikli-t and advi.
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Never Disappoints

When you put eggs— fertile eggs into

Ormas Incubators

you are never disappointed with the
results. Not only hatches them all;
but hatches chicka that are strong,
lively and vitrorous. Guaranteed. The cheap-
est, good incubator made. Catalog Free.

A. BANTA. LIGONIER', I^DIA^A

WE WANT WORKERS

BojB, Uirls, old and youni,- alike.

make money workinj; for us.

W> fTimi^h cai'ital to start yon mbaal-
OCM. Ssnd.olOcBt.'AipaorBliTer for tiill InfltnicllMnB and a line o!
^mplMloworkTrttli. URAPER PUBLISHINO CO..Chic«![o.lll

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD

will sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate of a
fare and a third for the round-trip,
within distances of a 150 miles, Dec.
24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1, 1904.
good returning to and including Jan.
4, 1904. Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel Plate Road. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts. — the only
passenger station in Chicago on the
Elevated Loop. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 31— 49A4t

Bee=Supplies ! %

Don't Wait flnij Lonoer to Buij. S

BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. 5

Write us to-day and say what you 74

want, and get our prices. New catalog' S

will soon be out; it is free. 7i

We also handle the famous S

tloosier Incubators and Brooders, g
C.M.Scott & Co

Dept. A

M

49At£ Please mention the Bee Journal.

'i^S° Illustrations are good in advertise-
ments, because they simplify the printed de-
scription.— Printers' Ink.

i -^^i^S^^i- 4 Percent ^^ i

^? ^..*.«&^^- — ^ - Discount in |

December 1

On all orders where cash w

accompanies. We fur- S

nish everything needed ft

in the Apiary. S?

■ "•' Catalog: and price-list §

iCK/ETCHinyiEK, luIFCa-. CO , FREE. " «

R,ED OAK, lO-WA.. -tSAtf g

Dec. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

813

tSi(il^ti»$Ji>cti]i)=lSl=I$t=<5li<ati<ctiJr»=«S»?<t-(J»?t^^

riarshfield Manufacturing Co.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, a-^d they are
the best in the market. Wisconsin Basswood is the
ripht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for i-kkk Illustrated Catalog and
Price-List. .'. .•. .•. .-. .'. .■. .'. it

MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield. Wis, |

A "Dirt-Cheap" Bottom-Board

.The Bee-Keepers' Review for Novem-
ber describes a Bottom-Board that costs
absolutely nothing. This may seem
strange, but it is strictly true.

This same issue also describes a
Cover that will neither warp, wind,
split, nor twist, yet it can be made for
five cents.

Another interesting feature of this
issue is the description of a cheap but
novel method of supporting brood-
frames, in which the point of contact

is so small that gluing of them fast is
almost impossible — they can always be
picked up with the fingers with no pry-
ing loose.

Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,
and you will get, not only this Novem-
ber issue, free, but all of the other is-
sues of this year. In other words, as
long as the supply holds out, all of its
numbers of this year (1903) will be sent
free to the man who sends $1.00 for
1904. This year and next for only $1.00.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

4 Percent Discount S'jaK""^ ^^ ;« :c |

Send for our 1904 Catalog and Price-List. Our (J

HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect In worlimansllip and material ^

By sending in your order now, you will save money, and 2j

secure prompt shipment. ^

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. "Js.a. |

; $300,000,000.00 A fEAK

t o.„^ yQQ may have part ot it If you work

US- Uncle Sam's poaitry product paya

that Bum. Send 10c for Romplee and partic

ulftrs. We furnish capital to start you in

' boBiiiess. Draper Pabll8lilosCo..CliicacoJ II

Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writing

MAKE HENS PAY

llmnphrf y Open Hopper Rone Cotter
Uamphrey Bapld CloTerCutt«r

ioableyoDrepKjIeldMa cut yoar feed

HU3IPIIKEY,HcDipSr. Factory, Jolkt, IlL

^•MICHIGAN '^

We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing

The G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant 8 Son,

Wholesale and Retail.

Several carloads continuously on hand. Send for our -lO-page Illustrated Catalog.

LEWIS C. & A. Q. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Hich.

main honey-How is)?«nerally from fall flowers.
1 never saw eo many tiowers in my life as
there was this year, but It was too cold and
wet for the bees.

A great many young colonies have already
starved. I put my bees in the cellar last
week; there were 15.") colonies In rather poor
condition. H. H. 1'okter.

Sauk Co., Wis., Dec. 1.

From An Old Reader.

I have taken the Bee .Journal nearly 30
years. I have owned bees over :ii> years, and
have sold a great many tons of honey, all of
my own producing, the most in any one year
being 3 tons. I have on hand from lOUO to 1200
pounds of honey, some light, some buck-
wheat, and all in one-pound sections. 1 have
130 colonies of bees to keep through the win-
ter.

I shall be 71 years old .Jan. 11. Well do I
remember Mr. Newman, the former editor of
the American Bee .Journal, that so lately
passed way. Not to underrate Mr. Newman,
I will say that the .Journal has taken quite an
advance step since he left it.

C. Ale.xander.

Onondaga Co., N. Y., Nov. 2S.

Good Year for Bees.

This has been a good year for the bees with
me. I have 23 colonies, and got 1500 sections
of comb honey, and 30 gallons of extracted
honey. Edgar Eastman.

Buena Vista Co., Iowa, Nov. 30.

Bees Did Well.

I have 10 colonies of bees, and they did well
this season. On account of the dry, cool
weather they did not swarm very much — 4
swarms but of 10 colonies, and 2 of them out
of one. I think the bees will do well here in
a short time. G. W. Mourn.

Harvey Co., Kans., Nov. 2".

Goldenrod and Asters in Illinois.

An editorial says, " Surely goldenrod and
asters should have some bacterium in Illi-
nois." Asters are of the composite family,
and do not require any bacteria. Only plants
of the legume family require bacteria. There
are about 100,000 species of flowering plants,
0500 species of the legumes. All the clovers,
all the peas, beans, vetches, lupines, etc., be-
long to the legumes; also the sensitive plant
and the locust trees belong to this family.

I think we do not get goldenrod honey in
Illinois, because we do not have enough of
the right kinds. Here we have only two kinds
that I know of. In the East they have 20 or
more kinds; some kinds probably produce
honey better than others. .J. E. Johnson.

Knox Co., 111., Nov. 25.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I The American Bee Jooroal^ Gleanings in Bee-Cnitnre |

f^ (If you are not now a subscriber to Gleanings) &

1 BOTH ONE YEAR FOR ONLY $1.60. f!

We have made arrang-ements with the publishers of Gleaning-s in Bee-Culture (issued twice a month),
so that we can furnish that magazine with the Weekly American Bee Journal— both one year for but $i.6o ;
provided you are not now a subscriber to Glcaning-s.

This is a magnificent offer, and should be taken advantage of by all of our readers who are not now
getting Gleanings regularly. These papers, although on the same subject, are conducted so differently, and
contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have them both. And they can be had
forla^whole year for $1.60. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. ERIE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. T
- ...» ...» ,.» „, — . . ^^

814

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

BVILT TO LAST,

Never outclassed— Sure Ilntch
Incubators. Built betti
your house, Nohotceiitt
chillingr draughts on ae

Every cubic inch in egg

pleasure to hatch ^

fertile egg with a Sure Hatcl

Fi-ee catalogue ,B in with pictures tells lively etory.

_ ♦ SIKE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.

Cloy Center, A'eb. Indianapolis, Ind.

Rease mention Bee Journal 'wli<sn wrltilii&

1===^^^^

THE FIVE BOTTOM WIRES

m Page Hog Fences are only three inches apart.
That B ciOBer, and catches small pign

PAUV. WOVKN WlltK FENCK CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when -writlas

A Solid Gold

Fountain Pen

Free !

Finally, we have found a
good Fountain Pen that is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than SI. 25 for
other fountain pens, it's for
the name.

This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work perfectly, and
give satisfaction. The Gold
Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with
selected Iridium. The Hold-
ers are pure Para Rubber,
handsomely finished. The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.

How to Get this

Fountain Pen Free !

To a present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free as a
premium for sending- us 1
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the
weekly American Bee Journal
for one year (with $3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of these Pens, forward to us
$1.25 and we will send it to
you by return mail. Or for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.

This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid gift to a friend
or relative. Why not order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?

Address all orders to

George W. York & Co.,

144 & 146 East Erie Street,

Chicago. III. Fnii'i

CHAS. A. CYPHERS'

NEW INCUBATOR CO.

Mr. ryphers. formerly of the Ovphrrs Incubator Co.,
?„5t i ^-.Y- has .severed his connection »ith tha£
concern and established a new organization under the
title ott has. A. Cyphers Co. for the manufacture of
incubators and brooilers of a much Improved sty le It
will pay you to write for a copy of his preliminary
circular and ask to he rt'Kistered for a cony of his ItM
catalogue which will be ready about Jan. loth. Address
Chas. A. Cyphers Co., 89.4? Ilenry St., Buffalo, N.T.

Future of Sweet Clover.

It has pained me to see the way in which
many of the agricultural papers have talked
about sweet clover, especially in answering
inquiries. Here is something from the Coun-
try Gentleman, however, from John Cham-
irerlain, that is a fair recognition of its true
value:

" I never see a swampy growth of sweet
clover that a man could fairly get lost in, as
he would in a Southern canebrake, without
wondering why some one has not taken it up
and made it a leader in hay-producing plants.
As we see it, only one crop is produced; but
where it happens to be cut down before seed-
ing, and before the main stem becomes
woody, it springs up again at once and covers
the ground with the most succulent growth
imaginable, and always quite indifferent to
dry or wet weather. Some day we shall ap-
preciate sweet clover."

The writer of the above item does not say
outright that it will be eaten with the great-
est avidity by almost all kinds of stock when
they once create an appetite for it, but he
seems to take it for granted it is of value.
None of the clovers can be classed as noxious
weeds. Of course, even rank red clover in a
strawberry patch might be called a weed; and
sweet clover has perhaps created the impres-
sion that it is a weed because it grows luxuri-
antly, even on the hardest ground by the road-
side, where red clover would not grow at all.
It is really one of the hardiest and most val
uable of the clovers.— A. I. Root, in Glean
ings in Bee-Culture,

Tiering=Up Supers.

Tiering up by adding the new super above
the old one has been discussed of late, in a
way that shows misconception of the idea. It
IS not always to put the new super on top, no
matter how many supers are under, but
always to have the new super just over the
one that is approaching completion— not over
the one that is just receiving the finishing
touches. The latter should always be on top
If It would thus receive less attention than it
should, there are too many supers on the hive.
In other words, a super should be nearly com-
pleted when next to the lirood-chamber, but
when that point is reached, should change
places with the new super, which has been
added some time previously on top.

Many times this season I noticed that put-
ting the new super next the frames too soon
resulted in neglect of the outside sections of
the super approaching completion, to work
the center sections of the uew super. The
How was too slow for the bees to work will-
ingly at the sides when they had plenty of
room given directly overhead and next to the
frames. Putting the new super above the old
one for a time corrected this tendency The
center sections of the new one would be
worked some, but not at the expense of the
old super, as happened by the plan of tiering
underneath.— F. L. Tuo.mi'son, in the Pro-
gressive Bee-Keeper ,■ — | — ;

Errors jn the Nationar Report.

^Refeiring tohistalk given at the Los An-
geles convention, Mr. A. l^Root makes these
corrections injlhisi paper, "hich^we' are glad
to reprint:

On page 694, Mr. Samuel Wagner is cred-
ited with making the first machine with
rollers for making comb foundation. Instead
of giving Wagner the credit it should have
been \\ as!,buni. Mr. Alva Washburn of
Medina, Ohio, made the fiitt pair of rolls the
world ever saw, for rolliii- out comb founda-
tion. He did' this while working for me by
the day ; but, notwithstanding, the credit is
due to him more than lu anybody else for
having carried the operaiiun through its ex-

BEE=B00K5

SENT POSTI'AID ET

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 32S pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling bow he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called " A
Tear Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail Just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, fil.OO.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth,
lyth thousand. Price, $1.20.

Hiangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic in bee-culture has
Deen entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.30.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.30

Scientific Queen-Hearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, fl.OO;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman.— It Is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

—Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce.— Result of 25 years' experience
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.

Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

Dec. 17, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

815

perimental stage, and making it a practical
success.

On the same page we are told that our good
friend, T. F. Bingham, of smolcer fame, has
" hives of his own." It should read, " a /)ive
of his own." It would seem very strange if
an old bee-keeper like friend Hingham did not
have some " hives." more ur less, of his own.

On the same page, lower down, we are told
the daily papers spoke about a " (Juaker chap
down in Ohio." The word y»ii/i<'c should be
queer. I have always been more or less queer
to the outside world, but I have never been a
Quaker.

On the next page we read, " The sorrow
that covers a man's grave is oftentimes the
poultice that draws out his virtues." The
word sorrow should be soil. I used the old
proverb in speaking of the death of Thomas
G. Newman.

Italians as Winterers.

In Gleanings in Bee-Culture G. M. Doolit-
tle, in reply to the question whether Italians
stand the cold winters in 43 degrees north
latitude as well as the German or black bees,
says:

" It is said by some that they do not: and I
used to believe that the black or German bee
was the hardier ; but that was before I made
any careful test in the matter. Some 25 years
ago I began to look carefully into the matter
of wintering; and during the experience of
all these years since, I have become con-
vinced that there is little if any difference in
favor of either along this line. Some winters
the blacks seem to do better ; in others, the
Italians come out ahead."

CONVENTION NOFICES.

Pennsylvania.— All bee-keepers in the State
of Pennsylvania interested in forming- a thor-
ongh State organization, are requested to cor-
respond with the andersigned.

Swarthmore, Pa. E. L. Pratt.

Kansas.— The first regular meeting of the
Kansas State Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Topeka, Dec. 30. All persons interested
in bees, whether members or not, are urged to
be present. O. A. Keene, Sec.

Topeka, Kan.

New York. — The Fulton and Montgomery
Counties Bee-Keepers' Society will meet at the
Central Hotel, Market Street,Amsterdam,N.Y.,
on Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1903, at 10 a.m. This will
be the regular business meeting of the Society
for electing of&cers, payment of annual dues,
and any other business which may come before
this meeting. Annual dues. Jl.Oo, which also
includes a membership in the State and Na-
tional Associations. T. I. Dugdale, Sec.

F. P. Jansen, Pres.

Please mention Bee Journal ■wnen

WE INVITE all readers of the Amer-
ican Bee Journal who seek a col-
lege for themselves or friends to inves-
tigate

MouniUnion College

Onr motto in all departments i
itnutn efficiency at minimum cost."

Our scholastic training is equal to the
best, our reputation first-class
penses for a ye

All i
he cloth-
ag and trave'lin^j less than $20l 'X).^ Co-
edncation^ health conditions, mor^^ and
religions influence, superior.
Send for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COLLEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

Lanflswiion.-

Ttl6H016D-B66

Revised by Dadant— 1900 Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.

Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— Extracted Honey.

Mail sample and state lowest price delivered
Cincinnati. Will buy FANCY WHITE COMB
HONEY, any quantity, but must be put up in
no-drip shipping-cases.

O. H. W. WEBER.
2146-^8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.
24Atf . Please mention the Bee Journal.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quantity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfield, III.

FOR SALE !

White Clover Extracted Honey, which was all
taken from upper stories with a queen-excluder
between, and the combs were nearly all sealed
solid before extracting. It is very thick, and
has that fine rich flavor that only honey thor-
oughly ripened in the hives can have. I would
like to obtain a few more customers who would
appreciate a fine article. Price, in new 60-lb.
cans, on board cars here, cash with order— one
can, 8Hc a pound; 2 or more cans, Sc; sample,
Sc. References: Georg-e W. York, the A. I. Root
Co., and the Chatfield National Hank.

49A3t C. MONETTE. Cbatfleld. Hinn,

Flease mention Bee JotLmai wnes oTiajtmg,

In no-drip shippin^-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted in barrels or cans. Quote your best price
delivered Cincinnati, TheHred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati. Ohio.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLBIHORTON.

This is ft true story of tlie poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty striclten are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

I8ABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

(

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET QITOTATIONS

)

Chicago, Dec 7.— At this season of the year
there is not much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing* laid in their stock for the holidays. Fancy
comb honey for the Christmas trade has
brought l3!-yc; No. 1 g^rades, 12Wg)13c; amber,
'.'(gilOc. Extracted, white, brings 6(fl/7c; amber,
5@(ic. All extracted honey is sold on its flavor,
quality, kind and style of packag'e. Beeswax,
28(a)30c, R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Dec. 10.— Larg-e lots of comb
honey being offered from States that were not
supposed to have much stock. Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the fact that they want
to sell their comb honey and push it on the
market, thus breaking the price. If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
get more for it and it would be better for the
producer and dealer. We quote fancy white,
14@16c; No. 1, 12(aii4c; buckwheat, 12c. Fancy
extracted, 8c; amber, 6@i7c. We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission.
Wm. a. Selser.

Albany, N. Y., Nov. 27.~Honey market some
lower since the cold weather and Thanksgiving
demand over. We quote: Fancy white, 15c;
No. 1, 14@14!^c; buckwheat and mixed, 13c. Ex-
tracted, steady and quiet; buckwheat, 6'-2c; clo-
ver, 7c; mixed and amber, b<&t>hc. Beeswax,
2S@30c. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2'>.— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold in single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at S^ui^bhic. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7^@y;^c, according
to quality. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W, Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demandlfor
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy while comb, 14@lSc; A No. 1, 13)^
@14c; No. 1, 13@131^c; No. 2. 12@12M;c; No. 3,
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6H@7c; amber, 6®6i^c; dark,
5%(a\6c. Beeswax, 28@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Nov. 25.— Western honey is arriving
more freely in our State, causing a slight drop
in prices. Fancy No. 1, in cartons, brings 17c;
A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, I5c. Extracted, white, S^c;
light amber, 7@7?^c; amber, 6@7c, according to
quality. Blaee, Scott & Lee.

Kansas City, Dec. 5— Receipts of comb honey
larger; demand fair; prices easier. We quote
fancy 24-section cases, $2.75@$2.S5; No. 1, $2.75;
No. 2,$2.t.5. Extracted, white. 7@7J^c per lb.;
amber, 6@6Ji6c. Beeswax, 25(m30c.

C. C. Clemons »fe Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. 7.— The market on comb
honey has weakened, as the supply has been
larger than the demand. Quote fancy water-
white at 14c; off grades, lower. Extracted I
quote as follows: Amber, in barrels, S5i@5%c;
6<Ub. cans bring Kc more; alfalfa, water-white,
6fg'6}4c; fancy white clover, 7(a8c. Beeswax,
good demand; 30c for nice. C. H. W. .Weber.

New Yore:, Dec. 4.— Comb honey is arriving
in sufficient quantities to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most of the white honey
seems to be off color, more or less. We quote
fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at 13c; amber. ll@12c;
and buckwheat, 10c. Extracted, light amber,
at 6c; white, 6i4c; Southern, S5'ai60c per gallon;
buckwheat, 5j^c. Beeswax, 28(3t29c.

Hildreth & Segelken.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber. 9@llc. Extracted,
white, SH@(>}ic; light amber, S@SHc; amber.
4K®5c; dark amber, 4@4^c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27H@2^c; dark, 2S@2bc.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the onlv kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyer;. Re-
cent arrivals of hoaey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

Please meutloti Bee Journal
when writing; Advertisers.

816

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 17, 1903.

i The Best Bee-Goods
ia tbe World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
tvUI not be disappointed.
'We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog' prices.
Order of him and save the freight.

• ■▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼•

Please mentioit Bee Joumai 'when 'wntiji&

You Will ttav6 to Hurru

You will have to get your inquiries in before
Dec. IS if you secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white

^"the wood=brush bee-hive
and box co.,

rjA-isrsiisra-, - i^^iohc.

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Four percent off for cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when writins

B

IINGHAN'S PATENT

Smokers

?^\tf T. P. BINQHAM. Parwell. Mich.

Please mention Bes Journal when ■writiiic

FREE CHRISTMAS DINNERS

200.000
Poor People

win he supplied by
the Salvation'
Army throughout
the U.S. Wiflyou
help by sending
a donation, no
matter how Small
to the

Salvation

Army
CHICAGO

Headquarters

399 State Street

CUcago, lU.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
but 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Jonrnal for one year— both for only $1.40. It la
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you have
this " Eimerson " no further binding Is neces-
•arj.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

144 4 146 Erie Street. CHICAGO ILL.

If you work fo
idn

OtAPm FUBLISaiffa CO.. Chicago, lilt

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

it^ Dadant's Foundation it^r I

We ciijirantee ^ati^facfinn What more can anybody do? beauty,

VYC ^UctrdllLCC ^ctLI&ldCLIUn. PURITY, FIRMNESS. No SAQQINa,
No LOSS. PATENT WEBD>PROCESS SHBETINQ.

Why

rioe< it «ell «n well 7* Because it has always given better satls-
UUCd IL SCII SO WClir faction than any other. Because In as year*
there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-KeeDers' Supplies

OF ALL
KINDS *<

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langslroth on the Honey-Bee — Rei/ised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, SI. 20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Joomal 'when writiiie.

BEST

ExtraGieo floney For sale !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey J/*^

This is the famoi;
White Extracted Hone:
gathered in the great A I
falfa regions of theCenl
ral West. It is a splev
did honey, and nearl ••
everybody who cares {•
eat honey at all can't gel
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden Ijasswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can rruSc $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @7>^c 9.00
(l.arger quantities at the 7J^c price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can («'9c $ S.40

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) w8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESAVAX AV.WTED — We are paying 28 cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY-JARS— Don't forget to get our prices on all sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East Brie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

p^iwERre^iv

Bee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO., 144 L 146 E, Erie Street,

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 24, 1903.

No. 52.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

PUBLISHED ■WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.

i Second-

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS,

DR.C. C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M. Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in tin-
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy freo.

The Wrapper-Liabel Date of this papci
indicates the end of the month to whiuh
your subscription is paid. For inslanur,
"dec03" on your label shows that il is-
paid to the end of December, 1903.

iStibscriptiOD Receipts.— We do not Rent!
a receipt for money sent us to pay siiti?ci-i|i.
tion, but change the date on your wraiipc-r
label, which shows you that the mom y Im-
beeu received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon up
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d. — To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws agrainst the adulteration
Df honey.

ANNUAL Membership. $1.00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. HnxcHiNSON, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction, Colo.
Secretary — George W. York,

144 & 145 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Seneral Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

E. Whitcomb, Friend, Neb.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.

Ueo Toepperwein, San Antonio, TejE.
R. C. AiKiN, Lioveland, Colo. ,

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
(7m. a. Sblsbr, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTiLE, ; orodino, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh. Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ij*

83^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, ..t the oflice of the American
Bee ourn 1.

A Celluloid Qneen-Button is a, very
oretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
■^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to Introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. It baa
^— w^ a pin on the nnderslde to

fasten it. Price, by mall, 6 cents; two for Wcj
or 5 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal,

Some Good GiuMing Oilers.

As this is the time of year vfhen most subscribers renew their subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention to the following-, which we are sure will
commend themselves to all :

|u„ 1 The Bee Journal and Dr. Miller's "Forty Years

nU. 1 Among the Bees " (book alone, $1.00) Both for $1.75

\f. n The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-

llU. Z er's Guide," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

M„ <! The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's "Langstroth

nU. J on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

Nrk A '"'^^ ^^^ Journal a year and Doolittle's "Scientific

llU. 4 Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00) " 1.75

Nfk K '^^^ ^^^ Journal a year and Doolittle's " Scientific

nU. J Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 7Sc) " 1. 50

jy„ z Bee Journal a year and Standard Untested Italian

llU. O Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc) " 1. 50

»i^ '1 The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"

f^"« ' with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25) " 2. 00

|ki_ Q The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder," for

no. O holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) " l.OO

JU-. Q The Bee Journal a year and an " Emerson Binder,"

llU. V (stiff board) (binder alone, 60c) " 1. 40

M- in The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-

nO. l\) ping Device," (device alone, 2Sc) " 1.00

»i- -j-j The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

1^0. II Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 75c) " 1.50

mi- -J r\ The Bee Journal a year and Newman's " Bees and

no. IZ Honey," (paper bound) " <•'<>

|ki^ -| <1 The Bee Journal a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-

iy[). 10 Culture," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

Kr\ \ A The Bee Journal a year and a Foster Stylographic

[>0. 14- — Pen (Pen alone, $1.00) " 1-75

Send all orders to GEORGE W.YORK & CO..

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.

HOWARD M. MELBEEp

HONEYVILLEi O.

[This Cut is the /"'cli. Size of the Knife.)

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbeo ovderlu^, be sure to say just what aame and
Address you wish put on the Kaite.

The Novelty Knife is iadeed a flovelty. The norelty lies In the handle. It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as glass* Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife Is of the very best quality;
the blades are hand-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-Hsh razor-steel, and we war-
rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the lining's are plate brass:
the back springs of Sheffield spring--steel, and the finish if the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the *' Novelty '* is lost, bavins' name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for-
tunate as to have one of the "'Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother
g-ive to a sou, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side?

The accompanying cu*; gives a faint Idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of
this^beautiful knife, as tlv ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the
one sending- us^hrke new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with$;Ji.W.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO.

4^Please allov '>boat two weeks for Tour kaife order to be fllled.

Chicago, m

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, DEC. 24, 1903,

No, 52.

Editorial Comments

The Merriest Chpistmas of All!

This is our wish to each one of the readers of the old American
Bee Journal. May the gifts received and bestowed at this merry
Christmas tide cause tender and loving thoughts in the hearts of both
giver and recipient. It is the time of all the year when joy and hap-
piness should prevail everywhere. That they may be in large measure
in every home where goes the American Bee Journal, is also our
earnest wish.

Sections Filled With Foundation.

In a work under review, the British Bee Journal objects to the
phrase, " sections filled with foundation," and thinks " filled " is a
misprint tor " fitted." On this side it is common to speak of sections
filled with foundation, when, instead of a small starter of foundation,
the section contains as much foundation as it is practicable to put in.
Will our British cousin tell us how the same thing is expressed over
there?

Self-Hiving of Swarms.

A case of self-hiving is reported in Gleanings in Bee-Culture by
G. W. Strangways. A colony with a clipped queen was placed on a
stand abont 18 inches high. An old hive made ready for the expected
swarm was, by chance, left on the ground in front of the colony. One
day it was discovered that this old hive was occupied, a swarm having
issued and entered with its clipped queen without any one to witness
the proceedings.

Keep Your Colonies Strong.

This, called Oettl's Golden Rule, was considered so important by
Father Langstroth, that in the closing words of his classic work, the
following words are found:

" The essence of all profitable bee-keeping is contained in Oettl's
Golden Rule; Keep Your Colonies Strong."

Latterly, considerable emphasis has been put upon the importance
of knowing thoroughly one's honey-resources so as to have colonies
strong at just the right time, without having a lot of useless con-
sumers when there is nothing for them to do. In other words, Oettl's
rule would be modified to read : Keep your colonies as strong as pos-
sible when there is work in the fields, and keep down unnecessary
numbers at other times.

There is good sense on the side of this modification — theoretically,
at least — for what good can it do to have an immense number of bees
in a hive at a time when they have nothing to do but diroinish the
amount of stores in the larder ; But is it a thing to be put in practice
universally? Can one always know in advance just when numbers
will be needed:! In localities where there are frequent and rapid
changes in the amount of nectar to be had, is it possible to make the
frequent and rapid changes so as to have the number of fielders
always correspond with the auiount of the nectar offered?

So far from this being the case with S. E. Miller, he thinks the
rule with him should be: Keep your colonies always strong. No

doubt the reasons that make this rule applicable with him make it
equally appropriate for a good many others; and he gives thus his
reasons in the Progressive Bee-Keeper :

I want them strong early in the season, so that they may be able to
build up strong during fruit-bloom, so that they will be ready for the
white clover bloom. During the white clover bloom I want to keep
them strong, so that it there is a surplus to be gathered during the
latter part of July and early August, they will be early for it. I want
them strong about Aug. 1st to Aug. 15th, so that they will be ready
tor the autumn flow, which commences about Aug. 20th, or later; and
I want them stronger when they go into the winter, for it Is a well
known fact that strong colonies consume proportionately less quanti-
ties of stores than do weak colonies. Then, I want them strong early
in the spring for the reason stated above, so that in my locality there
is seldom a time that worker-bees will certainly become useless con-
sumers, and should there be such a time I can not be sure that it is
coming, in advance of its coming. Therefore, the rule with me must
be, Colonies always strong.

Mr. Miller is broad-minded enough, however, to admit) that what
is true with him may not be equally true with others, and wisely adds:

From what I have said above, it is evident that no bee-keeper can
be too well informed as to the resources of his own particular location.

Staples for Fastening Hive-Bodies, Etc.

These seem to be coming into quite general use for fastening hive-
bottoms and hive-bodies together, or for any other use where it is at
times desirable to take away the fastening. The usual size of these
staples is 1}.^ inches wide with points 84 inch long. It is a ques-
tion of some importance whether this is the best size. Would there be
an advantage in having staples of larger dimensions? Would there
be any greater security in a staple 3 inches wide? There is little
question that points more than ,^4 inch would hold more securely.
Such a staple will hold quite well if it be driven in full depth ; but if
driven in full depth it is hard to draw the staple afterward. If driven
in to such a depth that something can easily be slipped in to draw it,
it may sometimes happen that the staple will be loosened by the shak-
ing on the wagon in going to or from the out-apiary, especially if the
staples be new and smooth. What is the experience of our constit-
uency? What is the best size for staples?

Organizing Local Bee-Keepers' Associations.

We are often asked about starting a bee-keepers' association — how
to go about it. The same question was brought up at the recent meet-
ing of the Chicago-Northwestern convention. Perhaps a few words
outlining the manner in which this flourishing association was started
might be of interest, and also be a help to others who contemplate a
similar movement.

In the first place, we published a call in the bee-papers tor a meet-
ing of all interested in bees, to be held at a certain place, and at a
stated time. It we were in a country town, we would put such a call
or notice in the local newspapers.

Then, on the appointed day, the thing to do is to get together and
organize by electing a chairman or president, a vice-president, a secre-
tary, and a treasurer. Sometimes the last two offices are combined,
making one person the secretary-treasurer.

In the absence of any special program, the best plan is to pass
slips of blank paper around, and ask each one to write any question
he may desire to have answered. Then the question slips are to be
gathered up, and the president read each one, giving ample lime, how-
ever, for a full reply by all who desire to take part in the discussion

820

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

After finishing tlie first lot of questions, pass around more slips of
paper for questions, and so on until it is time to adjourn. This plan
really makes the best convention. Very much depends, however,
upon the president, whether the question program is a success or not.
For best results, we believe that no bee-keepers' convention should
be held oftener than once a year. The bee-keepers in and around Chi-
cago tried meeting twice a year, but it seemed to be a failure. The
• fall of the year is the best time, say the latter part of November and
in December. Of course, there may be exceptional cases where two
meetings a year are successful, but we believe in the majority of cases
the annual meetings are best.

Driving Bees.

This is an important feature of bee-shows in England, prizes be-
ing offered tor driving in the shortest time. Yet some are beginning
to raise the question whether driving bees should not now be consid-
ered a thing of the past. From one point of view it seems a pity to
have it discontinued in public exhibitions, as there are in England
some who are very expert at it.

Very likely some, if not many, of the readers of these pages will
ask,"Whatdo you mean by 'driving bees,' anyhow?" It means the
driving of bees from box-hives into movable-frame hives, and would,
perhaps, be better understood by the term " transferring." Yet among
the younger members of the craft, in this country, are many who have
never seen the process of driving or transferring, for the very good
reason that there are no opportunities for the performance, all the
bees in their localities being already in hives with movable combs.
Localities, however, may still be found in this country where the box-
hive is yet in fashion.

The Life of Bees.

A fresh contribution to the subject is given by D. M. M., a promi-
nent correspondent of the British Bee Journal. To a colony of black
bees he gave an Italian queen June 6, liberating her June 7. Eggs
were seen June 11. July 22,50 percent of the bees were Italians;
July 25, 75 percent; July 29, 90 percent. A few blacks were still seen
Aug. 1, and all had disappeared Aug. 6. D. M. M. comments thus :

" It was marvellous to see how rapidly the blacks disappeared,
especially during the last fortnight, when the decrease in numbers was
something extraordinary. I calculated that, when the queen was in-
serted on June G, the colony numbered 30,000 blacks; yet in 60 days
they had all died out, showing an average mortality of about 500 bees
per day. In the earlier weeks it was much less so; in the later ones
it must have been very considerably greater."

If we assume that the black queen was removed June 6, that
makes 61 days as the life of her latest descendant, supposing it died
Aug. 6. That is much more than the six weeks generally accepted as
the average life of a worker in the busy season. It is not fair, how-
ever, to take the latest survivor as a proper example of average lon-
gevity. Yet figure as we may, the data give no fair support to the be-
lief that six weeks, or 42 days, is the average length of life. Six weeks
from June 6 would give us July IS, when, according to the six-weeks
rule, all the blacks should have disappeared, barring a few persistent
hangers-on. But July 18 more than half the bees were still blacks.
Even if we take July 29 as the time of the demise of the latest-born
blacks, a time when a tenth of the blacks were still present, that will
give us not less than 53 days as their lifetime.

Were these bees possessed of unusual longevity, or do our figures
as to the lifetime of a worker, in the busy season, need overhauling?
Perhaps this is a matter that should be taken up by the experiment
stations.

Honey as a Health-Food is the name of a 16-
page leaflet (3>4x6 inches) which is designed to help in-
crease the demand and sale of honey. The first part is
devoted to a consideration of " Honey as Food," vyritten
by Dr. C. C. Miller. The last part contains " Honey-Cook-
ing Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." It should be
widely circulated by every one who has honey for sale. It
is almost certain to make good customers for honey. We
know, for we are using it ourselves.

Prices, prepaid — Sample copy free; 10 for 20 cts.; 25
for 40 cts.; SO for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500
for $4.00 ; 1000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page, on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to the Bee Journal office.

The Premiums we offer are all well worth working for
Look at them.

Miscellaneous Items

]

Mr. J. H. Kallmeyer, of Wilson Co., Tex., has been strolling
around in Southern California lately.

Mr. Geo. W. Riker, of Lucas Co., Iowa, reports his crop of
extracted honey for 1903 as 40,000 pounds from 300 colonies. Nothing
small about that, surely.

Mr. John 31. Hooker, a former prominent English bee-
keeper, has been visiting Southern California recently. He seemed
to be very much interested in their method of bee-keeping, and while
there visited the apiaries nearest the city of Los Angeles, taking some
snap shots with his eyes and camera.

Mr. AV. T. Richardson, one of Southern California's best and
most prominent apiarist for years past, has disposed of his three api-
aries of 900 colonies, located in the Simi valley, and has gone East to
reside. It is hoped that the change will result in his complete res-
toration to health, and his return to California.

The Honey Crop in the region of Lake Windemere, England,
is very small this year, so it is reported. " The wet weather of the past
summer has not agreed especially well with the Italian stock that has
been introduced into that country." Wet weather seems to work
disastrously in at least two ways to the bee-keeper. It prevents the
flowers from yielding nectar, and also keeps the bees in the hives.

Prof. Cook a National Director. — A leading California
bee-keeper wrote us as follows last week :

" As there will he several vacancies on the Board of Directors of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association the coming year, I desire to
suggest the name of Prof. A. J. Cook as one who would represent all
sections."

Prof. Cook would be a strong member of the Board. He is greatly
in favor of co-operation among bee-keepers, too.

Father Wni. R. Graham, of Hunt Co., Tex., passed away
Nov. 27, 1903. He was the pioneer bee-keeper of his State. Dr. Wm.
R. Howard, when sending us a picture and sketch of Mr. Graham,
said of him :

" I first became acquainted with Mr. Graham and family in 1876.
We were like brothers from our first meeting. No man was held in
higher esteem by all who knew him. He was devoted to his friends,
and their success was to him a joy which he could not suppress."

A little later on we will publish Mr. Graham's excellent picture
and biographical sketch.

Southern California Still Dry.— A prominent Southern
California bee-keeper wrote us Dec. 9:

" I note that W. A. Pryal is in great glee over the honey pros-
pects in his section of the State, as the result of a copious rainfall.
His intimation that the southern portion of the State has also been
favored is a mistake, as we have had only a sprinkle of rain thus far,
with the consequent result of many long-drawn faces among the bee-
keepers of Southern California. Early rains, though, as a rule, are
not of much benefit to the bee-keepers, and as our heavy fall usually
takes place during the months of January, February and March, it is
yet too early to predict a dry year for this section of the State."

Bee-Tree the Property of the Land-Owner. — Mr. Edwin

Bevins. of Decatur Co., Iowa, sends us the following clipping:

OsKALOOSA, Iowa, Oct. 29. — The boys who cut down Henry
Brandt's bee-tree and took down the honey have to pay for same.
Judgment against two of the boys, Joe Holdsworth and Joe Griffith,
was rendered in the sum of $20 and costs, amounting to 36.59, making
a total of $56.59 to be paid by the boys.

The case was brought by Henry Brandt, owner of the bee-tree.
He sued for the sum of $00. The boys located a bee-tree on the premi-
ses of the plaintiff. They cut it down and appropriated the honey.
The plaintifE caused the arrest of the boys, and sought to recover the
price of the property. He claimed that between 200 and 300 pounds
of honey had been taken, and bees destroyed. In the adjudication of
the case, the value of the tree cut down was estimated at $5.00, the
corn destroyed by tramping $1.00, value of two swarms of bees, $5.00,
and the value of the honey taken $11 — making a total of $20. The

Dec. 24, 1903.

THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

821

questiou of the ownership of wild bees was argued carefully. The
defense claimed that the bees were the same as wild animals, and were
open property, but the court did not find judgment in accordance with
this theory.

Boys who destroy property and steal must expect to pay for it
when caught. Perhaps if thuy had gone to the owner and proposed
to divide up the honey, in case any was found in the tree, he would
have consented to cutting down the tree, and possibly might have
helped in the work. Of course, in view of the way it ended, it would
have been much cheaper and easier for the boys to have gone to some
bee-Keeper and paid him a good price for 200 pounds of honey.
"Stolen sweets " sometimes " come high," as those Iowa boys can
testify.

Tbe Annual Report of the General Manager of the National
Bee-lieepers' Association for 1903 is on our desk. It is a pamphlet of
60 pages, 6x9 inches in size. It is illustrated with half-tone engrav-
ings of all the officers and members of the board of directors. It con-
tains a list of the membership, some 1600 in number, besides some
other interesting matter. The receipts for the year, including the
amounts received from former officials, is ?1741. 68; the expenditures
were $626.60, leaving a balance on hand of SI 115.08. But the expense
of printing over 2000 copies of the present Report will reduce the bal-
ance several hundred dollars, probably.

The Report is mailed only to members of the Association, who
will also ballot this month for three directors, a general manager, and
on some amendments to the Constitution.

General Manager N. E. France is to spend the month of
January among the bee-keepers of New York State. They will find
him a very pleasant man to meet, rather quiet, but one who knows
his business, and is not afraid to say what he thinks. He is doing
good work as General Manager of the National Association, aad
should have all the support aud encouragement possible in his work,
which is mainly a labor of love, for the financial returns he receives
personally out of the general managership is simply nothing when
compared with the amount of work he is doing for the good of bee-
keeping here in America.

3Ir. Wni. 31. Whitney, ot Walworth Co., Wis., wrote us as
follows. Dec. 10 :

Friend York : — Home again, and am feeling first-rate. We had
a very enjoyable time at our (;hicago-Northwestern convention.
Never attended a better one. I shall continue my effort to form an
organization of the bee-keepers here.

Say, ask " Nebraska Subscriber " (see pages 797 and 79S) to have
his picture taken when he gets his toggery all on. I just noticed his
description of it in the Journal. Wm. M. Whitney.

Yes, we will be pleased to put his picture in the American Bee
Journal it he will have it taken with his " toggery " on and forward
it to us.

(

Sketches of Beedomites

3

MR. 6tS DITTNER.

Gus Dittmer was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1853. He came to
the United States in 1862, and to Wisconsin in 1863. He received a
common school education, aud afterward was in the boot and shoe
business until 1893. He took a colony of bees from a customer in
payment of a debt, in the fall of 1882. He read " Quinby's Bee-Keep-
ing''that winter, and the next spring began handling bees. He took
a great fancy to bees from the .«tart. and has been a bee-keeper and
reader of the bee-papers and books on bees ever since. He now keeps
from 75 to 100 colonies.

After starting in the bee-business he began to furnish his custo-
mers and other bee-keepers with supplies, and after a few years he
was supplying the whole country around him, and was even doing
some shipping. He began making comb foundation several years be-
fore leaving the shoe-business. In 1S95 he started in the manufacture
of foundation and supply trade exclutively, the plant then consisting
of a building 9x16 feet,'with a cellar the same size. In 1896 he built a

3-story house, 18x24, and in 1898 added a two-story upright to this,
22x28, and began buying sections by the car-load.

Up to 1899 Mr. Dittmer's foundation was all made by the old dip-
ping process, but since then he has been developing the process by
which all ot his foundation is now made. In 1900 he perfected auto-
matic machines, geared to his foundation mills, that will continuously
pull foundation from the mills, paper it, print his card on it, cut into
proper length, and pile it up, all at one operation, at the rate ot from
25 to 75 pounds every hour, one person doing the work.

In 1901 Mr. Dittmer added a shop, 15x24 feet, for a 2}4 horse-power
gasoline engine and the sheeting machines, and since that time all o(
the machines are run by power.

This fall the capacity had to be further enlarged by building a
warehouse, 24x50 feet, two stories high, and the old building will be
used only for manufacturing comb foundation, for storing the same
and beeswax, and for a shipping-room and otBce.

All of the work is done right in Mr. Dittmer's family. Fred works
with his father continually, and Clarence and Bessie are always ready
to run a machine. In fact, they, with the occasional help ot Mrs.
Dittmer, run out all of the foundation, making, during the rush, as
high as 750 pounds in one day.

Mr. Dittmer has been supervisor on the Eau Claire County Board
since 1892, and was chairman of the Board six years out of the past
eight. He is a teetotaler, minds his own business, and doesn't loaf
around town.

In 1S7S Mr. Dittmer was married to Jennie Hatch, and they have
tour children, as follows: Fred, 23 years of age ; Bessie, 21; Clarence,
IS ; and Margaret, 8.

Mr. Dittmer is the efficient secretary of the Wisconsin State Bee-
Keepers' Association. He is also one of the regular, responsible adver-
tisers in the American Bee Journal, and his business is growing just
as one would naturally expect in view of the character of the man
and the pushing business methods he uses.

Contributed Articles

Making Vinegar Out of Honey and Water.

BY C. P. DADANT.

IF you simply mix the honey and water so that an egg
will fairly float at the top, showing about the size of a
dime out of water, it may be sufl&cient or it may not, ac-
cording to the amount of ferment contained in the honey,
and also according to the temperature after the mixture is
made. To make vinegar there must be an alcoholic fermen-
tation previous to the acetic, and the more thorough the
first fermentation is, the better the acetic fermentation will
be.

In order to hasten the fermentation, it is best to add
some fresh fruit-juice to your honey-water. Then, if the
liquid is cold, or if the temperature is low, it is best to heat
the liquid till it reaches about 90 or 100 degrees. If it is kept
warm, the fermentation will soon begin, and if it remains
exposed to the air it will be but a short time till the sour
taste begins to show.

We never allow any honey to go to waste. The wash-
ing of the cappings in a well-regulated apiary will furnish
enough vinegar for two or three families, even if only a
few hundred pounds of honey have been uncapped. In a
large apiary the cappings are first drained through the un-
capping-can in a warm room till they seem perfectly dry,
and even then several barrels of sweet liquid can be secured
from the washing of the cappings of 15 or 20 thousand pounds
of honey. We figure that each thousand pounds of honey
extracted gives us about 1,^ pounds of beeswax from the cap-
pings, and, perhaps, five gallons of sweet water fit to make
good vinegar. So the apiarist should never render his bees-
wax till it has been thoroughly washed.

Vinegar that will not sour maj* lack two or three things,
which are all needed. Sufficient warmth, as stated above.
If all other requirements are right, it will still be impossible
for vinegar to sour if the weather is cold. A good place to
keep a gallon of vinegar is right behind the kitchen stove.
In a few days a jug full of mild vinegar will become very

822

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

sour. Do not cork it tight, but cover the tnouth with a cork.
A wide-mouth jar covered with a cloth is still better.

Air, that is, oxygen, is needed. The making of vinegar
is simply the oxidizing of the sugar contained in the liquid.
No change may take place unless air is, or has been,
supplied. For that reason the vineyardist keeps his barrels
of wine full, and bunged tightly, so that no air may reach
the wine. If, perchance, a barrel remains open, he soon has
a barrel of vinegar instead of a barrel of wine, and the bet-
ter the wine has been the better the vinegar will be.

Sufficient sweetness is needed. If the directions I give
are followed, a good article of vinegar will be produced. If
you want to put the honey by weight, put not less than 2
pounds of honey for each gallon of water. A less quantity
may make fair vinegar, but it is much easier to weaken your
vinegar if too strong, by the addition of a little water when
you wish to use it, than to strenghen it by adding more
honey after it is partly made.

A very good inducement for any sweet or alcoholic
liquid to turn to vinegar is the addition to the liquid of
what is called "vinegar-mother" — the viscous, ropy matter
which is usually found in a barrel of good vinegar. This
" vinegar-mother " contains the principal ingredients that
go to make vinegar, and although it is practically degener-
ated vinegar, yet it will add strength to the vinegar very
promptly.

So, if you happen to have some old vinegar that has
been long standing, you can soon strengthen your new
vinegar by adding a little of this " mother." Do not listen
to those who will say that this is a disgusting looking resi-
due. It looks no worse than an oyster does. Vinegar con-
taining this residue is sure to be pure and wholesome.
Vinegar made from chemicals does not contain any mother,
neither does it contain any living organism.

The more air the vinegar gets at proper temperatures,
the quicker the vinegar is made. Manufacturers of first-
class wine-vinegar in Europe often drain their Vinegar
through a barrel full of shavings slowly, drop by drop, so
as to give it a good chance to air. In this way the best vine-
gar is made.

If you have no fruit-juices to add to your vinegar, a little
cider will help to give it a start. Hancock Co., 111.

The Use and Abuse of the Honey-Bee.

Head at the Minnesofii State Convention in Dee.. 190:^,
BY FRANK YAHNKB.

THE little busy bee was in the Garden of Eden to fulfill
its mission of poUenizing the flowers and gathering the
honey for the unborn generations. When Adam tilled
the soil the honey-bee was with him, and it has been taken
wherever civilized man has gone. All the ancient writ-
ers mention the honey-bee, and the usefulness of its product.
Homer, Herodotus, Aristotle, Varro, Virgil, Pliny, and
other ancient sages, composed poems, extolling the activity,
skill, and economy of the bee. In the Hebrew language
the word ghoneg means delight, and where is there in the
wide world an article more precious for food or medicine ?
Ovid, when describing the feast of the gods which required
costly aliments and precious wines, says : "The delicious
honey-cakes were never wanting."

In the statute books of ancient natives, laws are found
for the protection of bees. The thief of a swarm of bees,
according to old Saxon laws, was punishable by death. The
old Bohemian people believed that it was a sin to kill a bee.

The honey-bee is just as useful now as it was in ancient
times. In my younger days I planted, every year, a piece
of cucumber for pickling, and was troubled greatly in the
blossoms not setting fruit. I then began to keep bees, and
that remedied the trouble.

How often our apple crop would be a failure if it were
not for the aid of the honey-bee I The product of the bee is
as useful as it ever has been.

"Honey is a food in one of its most concentrated forms. It
gives warmth to the system, arouses nervous energy, and
gives vigor to all the vital functions. To the laborer it gives
strength, to the business man mental force. Its effects are
not like ordinary stimulants, such as spirits, but it produces
a healthy action, the results of which are pleasing and perma-
nent— a sweet disposition and a bright intellect.

" Karl Gatter, a German teacher of the city of Vienna,
says : ' In medicine, and especially in the healing of wounds,
honey was used as a universal remedy already in early I
times. It yet constitutes the principal ingredient of several j

medical preparations, and is used with the best results in
many internal and external diseases. It serves as a means
for taking powders, for the preparation of salves, and the
sweetening of medicine.'

"Honey is also of great value as a medicine for chil-
dren, and is readily partaken of by them as a choice, dainty
dish. For the removal of worms, honey has often been
beneficially used, and it is often used in diseases of the
mouth and throat."

Now, I come to the abuse of the honey-bee, which is not
as old as its use. The first public abuse the honey-bee re-
ceived that I know of, was when it was accused of punctur-
ing grapes. Most of you remember how bitterly both sides
of the question fought to prove their point. Brother fought
against brother, and even went to court about it. To-day it
is proved beyond all doubt that the honey-bee does not
puncture grapes, or any other fruit. If a man now would
claim that honey-bees punctured grapes, he would be
looked upon as an ignorant man.

The latest abuse of the honey-bee is the spreading of
blight. Let us look at this a little. Professors claim that
the bees carry blight in nectar from flower to flower. How
this can be I do not know, for bees carry nectar in the
honey-sac, and I have never seen this leak yet. If the na-
ture of blight is rightly understood, it will be found that
blight does not begin in the flower, but that the dying of
the flower is the result of the blight in the wood.

Experience has proved to us that in orchards where
bees work extensively on the blossoms, there is the least
trouble with blight, and in cases where there were no bees
the trees were infested by blossom-blight.

I will not discuss the question longer in this paper, but
I think it's very unwise for authorities to publish such theo-
ries in magazines (which every one looks upon as good
authority), before it is proved beyond reasonable doubt
that bees are guilty of carrying blight.

Winona Co., Minn.

Adulteration of Honey in Minnesota.

Read at the Minnesota State Convention, Dec., 11102,

BY G. L. DINGMAN,

State Dairy and Food Cominissi07ier.

YOUR Secretary wrote me a letter asking what had been
done by the State Dairy and Food Department in pre-
venting frauds and adulterations in honey. Briefly, I
will try to answer these questions.

During the two years of the incumbency of the present
department there have been analyzed in our laboratory 112
samples. These were gathered by our inspectors from all
parts of the State in their regular work. The results of
these analyses are as follows :

Samples adulterated with cane-sugar. . . .8

" " " glucose 7

" Imitation honey 2

Total illegal samples 17

Pure honey 95

This is indeed a good showing, and when the investi-
gation shows that not one of these illegal samples came
from any apiary in Minnesota, the result is more than grati-
fying. The large number of California, or so-called Cali-
fornia, honeys, that have been sold by the trade of the
State, has been nearly driven out of the market by the
superior product of the Northwest. The coarse, rank taste
of these grades of honeys has never been pleasing to the
palate of the consumer, and when a sufficient supply of
such honey as the flowers of our own State yield to the
little toilers, which store it up for our delicacy, can be pro-
duced to meet the supply of demand, these coarser products
must find a less-favored market to meet with any sale.

A very large percent of strained honey has been sent to
the commission dealers of the Twin Cities, especially during
the past winter, and they, fearing from the extremely large
amount that the product might not be pure, have submitted
many samples to our chemists for analyses with the invari-
able record of the legality of the article. Several samples
have, however, come to us from Wisconsin that have been
found to contain sucrose. The producer, however, has
claimed that we were in error, but when the matter was
closely investigated it was found, as he claimed, the bees
had been fed largely on cane-sugar, and this proved our

Dec. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

823

chemist's contention thai it was illeg-al. The reliability of
his statement I leave to you, gentlemen, who are posted in
such matters ; we can only say our test proved the presence
of quite a percent of cane-sugar, hence we could only pro-
nounce the honey illegal.

We have prosecuted those cases, where intended viola-
tion was apparent, and we trust these examples may be
prolific of good.

In conclusion, gentlemen, I must again congratulate
the apiarists of the State on the fine quality produced, and
also say that the Dairy and Food Department wish in every
way to co-operate with you in advancing the interests of
the honey-producers, as we believe we have a State of un-
surpassed capability, and it only needs the energy and in-
creased capacity of our apiarists to place Minnesota in the
foremost rank in this another of her naturally favored in-
dustries.

[ Our Bee-Keepins Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

...A Holiday fireeting...

JUarengo, III, Dec. 21, 1903.
DEAR SISTER BEE-KEEPERS:—

I congratulate you mi the success of your department.
It has been a success because so many of YO (7 have helped
to make it so. Your hearty co-operation has been beyond
my expectation. With heartfelt thanks for your contribu-
tions in the past, I bespeak a continuance of your favor in
the future. I trust that we may hear from a still greater
number in the coming year. Your letters are always eagerly
welcomed, whether they record your successes or failures, or
merely contain questions about our beloved pursuit.

To each one of you I wish

"J MERRY CHRISTMAS" and

''A HAPPY NEW YEAR.-'

Yours sincerely, EMMA M. WILSON.

Gifts and Novelties Made of Beeswax.

" Even the bits of beeswax intended for use in the sewing baslset
to wax threads with, are now made attractive by being molded in the
shape of fruit, strawberries, cherries, blackberries and plums, all being
seen. On the top of each one is a small silver leaf from which comes
a bit of silli cord.''

So says the " Department for Women " in the Chicago
Daily News. We may not all be able to make easily the
articles here mentioned, but we can make very pretty and
serviceable gifts for our friends' work-baskets with what
conveniences we have at hand. An egg-shell, or a thimble,
makes a very good mold in which to run your hot beeswax.
While the wax is still hot enough to be liquid, take two
pieces of pretty colored ribbon, dip one end of each in the
melted wax, and let it remain there till cold ; then remove
from the mold and fashion your ribbon into a dainty how,
and you have a very pretty gift, which will be much appre-
ciated by many of your friends on account of the good ser-
vice it will do.

m m

Our Sisters Across the Sea.

R. Goldi is quoted as saying, in a Swiss bee-journal,
some encouraging things for the sisters, which will bear
repetition here without the use of quotation marks.

The bee-keeper who not only interests his sons in bee-
keeping, but is able to inspire in his daughters a taste for
it, 'so that in turn they may learn to uncap sealed combs, to

extract honey, to place the combs in the hive, to remove or
to introduce a queen, etc., gives them a lesson for the life
which will certainly be more useful than if they should
spend their time crocheting or embroidering in the heavy
atmosphere of a stuffy parlor.

Madame Spencer, of St. Ives, takes care of her colonies
absolutely alone, and she declares that, aside from the good
health gained by exercise in the open air, she is indebted to
her pets for quite a pretty income. It is true that she pos-
sesses a remarkable recipe, whose efficacy she has proven
over and over again in the care of her bees : " Take," says
she, " 4 parts of enthusiasm, 1 part of sound common-sense,
1 part of perseverance, 1 part of courage, mix the whole and
preserve in a bottle, and take as needed with a pinch of
patience." Many lady bee-keepers in our land have fol-
lowed this recipe, and have been present and taken part in
our annual conventions.

Bee-keeping is, and will always remain, the poetry of
agriculture, with which not only every man, but every
woman, in city or country, should to some extent become
acquainted.

Mother and Young- Son Do the Bee-Work.

I can not keep bees and do without the American Bee
Journal. I get so much information out of it. I had some
bees for five years, and then I lost all I had — 4 colonies.
Then I bought one colony, paying $10 for it ; that was three
years ago, and I now have 26 colonies, also 4 on shares,
making 30 in all. We have something over 2000 pounds of
honey, besides all a family of six children can eat. One
son (13 years old) and myself have done the work.

I have tried to get subscribers for the valuable Ameri-
can Bee Journal, but those "old buckwheats" will not
listen ; they know it all.

Ivong live " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters " department !

Union Co., Iowa, Nov. 23. BELLE Mutschler.

Nasty's Aftertliougiits

' Old Reliable " seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

CATNIP NEEDS EXTRA-RICH LAND.

So in medium and medium-to-poor soils catnip in field-
culture doesn't grow worth a cent. Come to think of it, that
agrees well with my observation, and I guess it's so. A plant
for extra-rich land and half-manure fence-corners where it
is too rich for grass and the generality of weeds. Page 716.

A FINE CALIFORNIA PICTURE.

We have had many fine pictures of apiaries of late, but
W. J. McCarroU's, on page 726, seems specially noteworthy.
We can see why black sage is called black — and the inten-
sity of the California sun.

MANIPULATION TO LESSEN SWARMING.

Yes, Mr. Getaz, when only 10 percent actually contem-
plate the wickedness of swarming, and we manipulate 100
percent to head it off, there's a provoking amount of lost
labor that comes in. That's where the languid, and the
lazy, and the played-outs get a chance to crow feebly over the
smart folks. I had several years with scarcely more swarms
than I wanted. Thought, be-sure, I'd have another such
last season. Gee I Page 727.

A POUND OF HONEY FOR A STING.

If we could all get a pound of honey as a consolation for
each sting, a la page 728,it would total quite an income for
some of us — providing our I^ady Bountiful didn't go bank-
rupt.

10-FRAME VS. SMALLER HIVES.

Sister Wilson, of course you are right as to your own
thoughts, but you leave out the biggest and loudest of the
claims the 10-frame folks make. They claim larger swarms
and larger colonies, decidedly larger colonies, pretty much
all the time. They think that that means more surplus,
even after the chamber below has done its worst in absorb-

824

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLI<«AL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

ingr it. I tell 'em that with my 7-frame arrangement I get
some honey where they wouldn't get any. They have the
cheek to deny this. Page 728.

SOIL BACTERIA FOR PLANT GROWTH.

In an editorial comment, page 739, bacteria are spoken
of as if they were needed on the roots of asters and golden-
rods. That is not the case, I believe. Most plants do not
try to capture atmospheric nitrogen for nourishment, but
rely wholly on the nitrogen contained iu the soil. Only the
clovers, and perhaps some other plants of the same natural
order, have gotten onto the wonderful " scheme " of using
attnospheric nitrogen captured for them by minute growths
which they can harbor. The grape has nodules on its roots,
but the inhabitants of the nodules are not supposed to fur-
nish the vine with nitrogen. With a little lively imagina-
tion we could say that we must love the clovers because the
clovers are bee-keepers. The root nodules are little hives,
the inhabitants are little bees, and the nitrogen laid in is
the honey— honey both for the use of the bee and the bee-
keeper— alleesameas we'uns. And when both bee and bee-
keeper are dead, the fertility of the soil is found to have got
ahead. All soils would be fertile if all plants worked this
scheme — that is, so far as nitrogen could make them fertile
they would be.

SMOKB AND NO SMOKE WITH BEES.

" We're all poor critters." If ^e take a notion— is.\ie z.
notion that it's a thing to be proud of to do without smoke—
we can do much in that line, and make ourselves see it as
the best way — especially when we are arguing with some-
body out of reach of live bees. But contrariwise if we got
in the habit of using smoke a little to excess, and somebody,
unfortunately, pitched into us about it— and kept pitching in
until we used twice as much as before, we can manage to
see it best to use considerable smoke. An idle angel with
mischief in his mind, could set the same man either way.
As for me, I do not think ordinary smoke applied with a
cold smoker harms bees to an extent worth mentioning.
Thinking thus, naturally I think it foolish tactics to wait
for signs of attack. Give them several puflfs at the entrance
the very first thing. Why not? Or are we in the bee-busi-
ness for the simple purpose of showing off ? Send in a few
more puffs at the top immediately on opening. As for that
several spells of puffing, and several waits of actual time
by the watch, that's not for the bee- veteran but for the be-
ginner. It's a very good plan for the beginner, indeed.
Page 740.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Feeding Comft Honey vs. Candy in Winter.

I notice that you are being asked quite frequently lately
to tell how to feed light colonies in cold weather. I also
notice you recommend candy made of sugar and water. I
wish to ask if you ever tried such candy yourself. And,
also, if you ever tried comb honey in place of the candy ?
I tried candy on 5 or 6 colonies a couple of years ago, and
every colony so fed starved to death, while a couple of colo-
nies that were given some comb honey in sections lived
through all right.

Since then I have carried over a good many light colo-
nies by feeding comb honey, and believe that, counting the
extra risk and work of making the candy, honey is the
cheaper of the two. Of course, the cheapest grade of honey
will do, just so it is sound, ripe honey ; or cull sections will
do. For cellar feeding of box-hive colonies, turn hive bot-
tom up, and lay on enough sections to make sure of plenty,
and cover with a piece of carpet or quilt, or anything to
hold the heat of the bees without being tight enough to
smother them. For hives with frames, remove the cover
and lay the honey on the frames, directly over the cluster,
and cover the same way. Colonies in hives with frames
may be fed the same way out-of-doors, excepting more cov-
ering is necessary over the honey. In either case the honey
is laid down flat on the frames or combs, and, if it is

thought one layer of sections of honey is not enough, or it
is desired to add more afterwards, the latter can be laid
right on top of the first. The colonies so fed, with me, have
all wintered perfectly, seemingly better than a great many
colonies that had plenty of stores in their own combs, and
wintered in the same cellar. The candy I fed was not
burned, and was apparently just as it should be, according
to the books, but the bees gnawed it up, and it dropped to
the bottom-board about like hard candied honey would, and
they died leaving part of the cake of candy on the frames.

Now, I am aware that "one swallow does not make a
summer," but I am sure I always think of those 5 or 6 colo-
nies I might have saved when I see some one advised to
feed hard candy.

L,et us know whether you know from personal experi-
ence that such candy can be made to do as some say it will.

Iowa.

Answer. — No, I never fed in winter, so there never was
any need of my using candy. But others have used it, and I
do not remember that any one has heretofore reported fail-
ure with it. Indeed, I think some say that they prefer it,
although it is generally recommended for feeding in winter,
because at that time it is not safe to feed syrup, and those
who have to feed in winter are not likely to have sealed
combs on hand. With your experience you are wise to pre-
fer sections. I am wondering whether it may not be that
some others have had a like experience without being so
frank about telling of it as you are. It might be a profit-
able thing if those who have used candy would tell us of
their success — or of their failure.

Wants to Increase an Apiary.

I lost all of my bees in the winter of 1902-03. I have
8 more colonies of bees, and fSO to begin with again, and
wish to increase my apiary. Which is the more profitable,
to buy bees in box-hives at $3 a colony, transfer and divide,
rearing the queens myself, or buy queens and increase from
the 8 colonies I have ? I reared my own queens the last two
years.

Our main honey-flow is from alfalfa and sweet clover ;
we have a continuous flow from the last of June until the
first of September. Utah.

Answer. — You say, " I have reared my own queens the
last two years." That makes me think you have had con-
siderable experience, and with a continuous flow for two
months or more from alfalfa and sweet clover, you ought to
get a nice return from your bees, so that it would be better
to invest in the box-hive colonies and run the 8 colonies at
least partly for honey. In any case, by buying you could
have more colonies for next year, and so the sooner have
the increased profit from a larger number. If, however,
there is considerable danger that you may repeat last win-
ter's experience in wintering, then you might better limit
yourself to the 8, increasing from them so carefully that all
would be strong for wintering.

Widtli of Top-Bars.

An editorial in a recent bee-paper recommended top-
bars of common hanging frames only Js of an inch wide.
Is that good advice ? Wisconsin.

Answer. — Paraphrasing the words of Lincoln, for those
who need that sort of advice that is the very sort of advice
they need. If you want me to answer the question with a
curt yes or no, 1 must say I don't know. There might be
more than one understanding of the question, it might be
construed, " When common hanging frames are used, is it
good advice to advise that they shall be only J-i of an inch
wide ? "

I rather incline to answer yes to that question. The
one special advantage of loose-hanging frames is that there
is no need of any dummy to get out the frames, but that by
shoving the frames to one side you may lift out any one
frame without lifting any other. To be sure, you may with
fixed-distance frames lift out any one frame without lift-
ing any other, but you must first lift out the dummy. If
top-bars be 1^'s wide, leaving only ,'4 inch between them,
a larger number of frames must be moved to get one out
than with Js frames that make the space twice as large.

That, however, is a rather forced construction of the
question, and we may broaden it by asking whether it is ad-
visable to change from fixed-distance frames to the loose-

Dec. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

825

hanging- frames mentioned. This advice has lately been
given by at least two prominent foul-brood inspectors, the
advice being given with emphasis. I believe the advice is
good — at least to the extent that such a change would be a
real improvement in some of the cases we have met. Fixed-
distance frames, so thoroughly glued together that it is five
times as hard to get out the first frame as it is with loose-
hanging frames — when a foul-brood inspector meets such a
case I don't blame him for saying emphatically that loose-
hanging frames are better, and the narrower the top-bars
the easier to get out the frames.

Suppose we put the question in its broadest sense,
which, very likely, is the sense intended, and ask whether it
is good advice to recommend loose-hanging frames with
narrow top-bars. If you allow me to answer it for myself,
under my conditions, I must give a very emphatic no. I
have .used loose-hanging frames with 1-inch top-bars — used
themby the thousand for years — and for some years have

used flxed-distanee frames, and it would take quite a little
money to hire me to go back to loose-hanging frames. If
the top-bars had been only Js, it would have been easier to
get out the frames ; but if it were made so easy that any one
frame could be taken out without moving any other frame,
I still would not be willing to give up the advantages of the
fixed distance. But I want so few and so small points of
contact between the frames that it will always be a light
thing to separate them.

Californians who work for extracted honey say fixed-
distance frames are barred, because the spacers interfere
with the knife when uncapping. If I were working for ex-
tracted instead of comb honey, I might agree with them. I
have, however, a lingering notion that if some of them
should work for a while with such frames as I use, they
might endure the inconvenience of the spacers when un-
capping, rather than to forego the advantages that I be-
lieve they would discover.

A Solid Gold

Fountain Pen

Free!

Finallj', we have found a
good Fountain Pen that is
reasonable in price. The man-
ufacturers of this pen say that
if you pay more than SI. 25 for
other fountain pens, it's for
the name.

This pen is absolutely guar-
anteed to work perfectly, and
give satisfaction. The Gold
Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with
selected Iridium. The Hold-
ers are pure Para Rubber,
handsomely finished. The
simple Feeder gives a uniform
flow of ink. Each pen is
packed in a neat box, with di-
rections and Filler.

How to Get this

Fountain Pen Free!

To a present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber, we will mail
this Fountain Pen free as a
premium for sending us 3
NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the
weekly American Bee Journal
for one year (with $3.00).
Surely, this is an easy way to
get a good Fountain Pen. Or,
if unable to get the two new
subscribers, and you want one
of these Pens, forward to us
$1.25 and we will send it to
you by return mail. Or for
$2.00 we will send to any one
the American Bee Journal for
one year and a Fountain Pen.

This Fountain Pen would
be a splendid gift to a friend
or relative. Why not order
both Pen and Journal for some
bee-keeper as a present ?
Address all orders to

George W. York & Co ,

144 & 144 East Erie Street,

Chicago, III.

"VICTORIOUS IOWA'

ime for the Iowa Rouml In
at so often ouUhalchi'
competitorg. Any qm
urnewt-atalopueanswi
them all. It is free— send for it.

Please mention Bee Jourual -when writinc.

C

FROM MANY FIELDS

1

Managing an Out-Apiapy.

I will try to tell how I work my out-apiary.
The greatest help I have is the drone-guard,
made with cone-escape, with a tin slide, so
I can close or open the escape. After the
hives are leveled up I put a drone-guard on
every colony but one ; this is an extra-good
colony that I keep for drones, and manage it
so as not to have them swarm. I leave them
for S or 10 days with no one to look after
them.

When I go to the apiary I examine each
colony carefully by removing the drone-guards
to see if there are any dead queens. If I find
any of these I give that colony a comb with
eggs in it. I leave the guards off in the fore-
noon for the bees to get their hives well
cleaned out ; in the afternoon I put the
guards on with the escape open. Until about
4 o'clock I look every little while for queens
that may have come out to be fertilized. If I
find one I let her in the hive and dispatch the
drone.

I spend my time in doing anything that
may need doing, and making sure that they
have plenty of room at all times for both
brood and honey. If there are any bees that
seem to be loafing or lying out, I leave the
queen below and place the brood in the upper
story with a queen-excluding honey-board
under it. About 4 o'clock I dispatch what
drones are out, and close the escape, and leave
them for another 10 days. This keeps my
colonies strong, and I get more honey than
my neighbors, and wiih no expense for labor.
I have worked the out-apiary three years this
way, but have made a success in getting
honey, and without the expense of paying a
man to watch the bees. C. .J. Barber.

Monona Co., Iowa, Dec. 12.

Poor Honey-Years In Succession.

The honey crop was very poor here the past
season, which makes five poor honey-years
in succession, and each one of the five was
poorer than the one before. A. W. Smith.

Sullivan Co., N. Y., Dec. 1.

Address Neareot Office.
Hease mentiou Bee jotimal ■whea writina

A New Bee-Keeper's Song—

"Buckwheat Cakes
and Honey"

Words by EUGENE SECOR.

Music by aEORQE W. YORK.

This song was written specially for
the Buflfalo convention, and was sung
there. It is written for organ or piano,
as have been all the songs written for
bee-keepers. Every home should have
a copy of it, as well as a copy of

"THE HUM OF THE BEES
in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM"

Written by
EnoENE Secor and Dr. C. C. Miller.

Some Experience With Bees.

My experience with bees in the past, and
outlook for the future, I would compare to
the unregenerate son of Adam, and his condi-
tion after being converted to the Gospel of
Christ. I feel, concerning apiculture, as if I
had been " born again," and, " as a new born
babe." desire "the sincere milk of the word "
(American Bee .Journal) ''that I may grow
thereby:" and yet, in this case, I don't know
that I shall believe all things I read.

I am now 32 years of age, and my experi^
ence with bees has been as follows: About 17
years ago a swarm came to my father's home
and settled on a cedar limb about 15 feet from
the ground. My father rushed around and
fixed up an old upright hive that he had pur-

PricES — Either song will be mailed
for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both
for only 15 cents. Or, for SI. 00 strictly
in advance paj'ment of a year's sub-
scription to the American Bee Journal,
we will mail both of these songs free,
if asked J or.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

144 ,fe 146 Erie .=lt.. - CHICAC.O, ILI»

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boys, Olrle. old and yuuuK alllcw,

ike money working' for as.

> fnnii&hcftpiUlloaiartyot] in boiW

Send OS l!>e rtaapa or illTer for full Imitruclioni snd a hoc of

^«iDplMtoworkirttlLDKAPERPUBU5BINQCO.,Cb]caco.IlL

826

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

chased bees in a number of years before (and
lost them the same winter) , and then rang the
bell frantically for me, I being about a halt
mile away working in the onion-fleld, bare-
footed, and in my shirt sleeves. Supposing
the house was on fire, or somebody hurt, I ran
the distance, and was told, " There is a swarm
of bees in the cedar-tree, and I have every-
thing ready, and am sweaty, and it won't do
for me to get stung; you will have to hive
them." So I climbed the ladder, pocket-knife
in hand, clothed as I came from the field (It
was a fine cluster, and would probably have
filled a peck measure), and proceeded cut-
ting off the limb, and, then, putting the blade
of the knife between my teeth, started down.
Presently I struck another limb, knocking off
part of the bees, and a large number of them
darted for my face and neck and stung me (I
used to estimate it at 20 times). My appear-
ance afterwards was that of one having a
severe case of mumps.

Well, I deposited the swarm in front of the
hive as quickly as possible, and then excused
myself for the time being. Father, at this
juncture, took a position at the rear of the
hive, and with a long stick drummed them in.

The bees I have now are descendants from
that colony, excepting from such as I sold up
to the present time. Eleven years ago they
had increased to 4 colonies, which I purchased
from father, working the month of .luly for
them. Three of them were in Langstroth
hives, and one in a box. I have always win-
tered my bees outside, formerly putting them
on the south side of a building, with no other
protection than perhaps a tew boards thrown
on top of the covers. In more recent years I
have packed them in straw, protecting all but
the front of the hives

This winter I have put on mouse-protectors,
made by cutting a lath long enough to reach
across the entrance of the hive, and nailing
on it a strip of tin one inch wide, and press-
ing the same down at the entrance of the
hive, leaving a bee-space beneath it. I kept
the bees, purchased eleven years ago, until
1897, when I had 6 colonies that I sold, 5 to
a neighbor, and one back to father. In 1899
I purchased 3 colonies from father (the in-
crease from Ihis one) by painting a 30x40 foot
barn with two coats of white lead, furnishing
the same.

In 1900 I tried doubling my number by
dividing the colonies, but the next spring
about the same number showed up living.
In the spring of 1903 I started with 4 colonies,
which have increased, by swarming, to 8, and

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stifF-board Binder with clotb
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
bnt 60 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only tl.40. It is
a fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If yon have
this " Emerson " no further bindings Is neces-
■ary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,
144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILI,.

4 Percent Discount During December I

Send for our List, and order now. Take advantage of this discount. Have your goods on
hand ready for use.

JUST THIITIC OF IT !

G. B.

LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN. WISCONSIN. U.S.A.

WE HAVE GROWN f.

TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS. ^

The rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January Ist we ^^

will be located at 51 WALNUT STREET. This forced change will remove us ^[

only half a block from our old home, bui there we will have four floors, with increased ^^

facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES. ^'.

We Have To Do This. We Lead. S:

In the new place nothing will be lacking. You will find a complete line of every- ^^

thing in the bee-line. ^.

TheMUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^

TION.etc. Soecial Discounts for Early Orders. COME AND SEE US. &

QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season. Send for Catalog. ^•

TTI T^ J Wr H 71 a1_ /^ Front and Walnut, *^

1 he rred W, Muth Co,, Cincinnati, ohio. ^

TO START YOU IN BUSINESS

We will present you with the Hrst t;. yoa
take in to etart you in a good paying buBl
Send 10 cente for full line of Bumples
ind directions how to begin.
DRAPEP PUBLISHINQ CO.. Clilcaeo, Ills.

HONEY=JARS.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing IS ounces of honey, at J4.00 per gross. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mail on receipt
of 10 cents f c r postage.

J. H. m. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Reduced Rate for Christmas and
New Year Holidays.

The Nickel Plate Road will sell tick-
ets Dec. 24, 25 and 31, 1903, and Jan. 1,
1004, at rate of a fare and a third for
the round-trip, within distances of ISO
miles, g-ood returning- to and including-
Jan. 4, 1904. Individual Club Meals,
ranging in price from 35 cents to $1.00,
served in dining-cars. No excess fare
charged on any train on Nickel Plate
Road. Chicago City Ticket Offices, 111
Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
Depot, L,a Salle and Van Buren Sts.,
on the Elevated Loop. 'Phone Central
2057. 30— 49A4t

REMOVAL NOTICE.

We wish to advise our friends that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located in our new 3-story building, 521 Monroe Street, where we shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of

Poultry and Bee- Keepers' Supplies in the West.

Remember, we handle ROOT'S QOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points. Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain,
Yours truly,

GRIGGS BROS., 521 Mouroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.

Free Catalog. Ask for it.

Headquarters '°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight-rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. L,ang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Order Your 666°Suppli6§ Now

42Allt

While we can serve you
prompt, and get them at
bottom prices.

R. H. SCHMIDT CO., Sheboygan, Wis.

Dec. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

827

Something SSr Bee=Keeping Sisters
in the Winter Time»

We think all ladies will agree with us in saying that every man should at least under-
stand some business, with which, in case of necessity, he could support himself and family.
The wealthiest people frequently come to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man who cannot
earn a living after his wealth is g-one. He sometimes fills the grave of a suicide. And why,
in this enlightened age of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be able to depend
on her own resources! In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend on
charity! In case her husband fails to provide and grossly mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humbly submit? A THOUSAND TIMES, NO! Let every woman,
before she marries, have some knowledge that can be used to make her a living. Every mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their
daughters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The

daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but'will also be more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect. He will not look upon her
asa helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means ot support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown 'herewith is a 'condensed copy of -THE NEW LONDON
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the United States
and Canada. Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their complicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON T.AILOR SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at -So. 00 each, but we mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the Amer-
ican Bee .Journal for sending us t\vo new subscribers at .?1.00 each ; or we will send it to any
one with a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.75; or, we will mail
the Tailor System alone for $1.00. " -^ . Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK &X0.,

: 144 & 146 East Erie^Street, CHICAao, ILL.

I have again bought the increase from father's
old colony, and have gone into winter quar-
ters with 10 colonies, and the nucleus still
remains.

It would make a small book if I were to go
into the details of my experience with the
honey part of this subject, so I will cut it off
here.

I have been assisting a Mr. Myers in put-
ting his bees into the cellar to-day. We
weighed a great many hives (10-frame Lang-
stroth, single-walled hives, without the top),
and they ranged from 48 pounds to SI' j. Of
til which we put in to-day, the larger portion
of them ranged from .% to 75 pounds each.
Charles F. Clemons.

Scott Co., Iowa, Dec. 1.

Bees Wintering Well.

Bees are wintering finely, and are well sup-
plied in stores, with the exception of late
swarms. Since the first of J uly the bees never
did better or obtained more honey.

Cass Co., Nebr., Dec. 4. .1. M. Young.

Best Crop in 15 Years.

We have had a better honey crop this sea-
son than for 15 years, and the most of the
honey was gathered from white clover. I sold
nearly all of my extracted honey for $1.50 per
gallon. Charles Diclos

Saginaw Co., Mich., Deo. 4.

Clipping and Introducing Queens-
Other Kinks.

Our Editor York has called for an examina-
tion, and it is likely he will not rest easy un-
til he has had us all '' upon the carpet."

I have no college qualifications to parade
before the eyes of the readers, but I have
found a few gaps in bee-keeping which may
be of interest to the beginners. I will not tell
how many colonies of bees I have, or how
much honey I got the past season, for the rea-
son that it would not throw any light on the
question asked ; but I will say that our bees
beat a 160-acre farm, and it will not take all
the surplus to feed them while they are pro-
ducing another crop, either.

First, I will tell which is the most suitable
time for me to clip queens. Formerly I did
this job in early spring, but the past season
stores were low, nothing coming in, and as
soon as a hive was opened the robbers started ;
a tent was a botheration, the wind would blow
it over, and the limbs of trees in the grove
aided in the trouble, and I abandoned clip-
ping, thinking I must try one season without
it ; but the tall trees were an eye-sore to me,
and just before swarming-time I determined
to clip the queens, and be boss of the yard.
The hives were heavy in bees, but honey was
coming in, and I could, by opening the hives
early in the morning, as soon as I could see
to tell a queen, find and clip from 8 to 12
wnile the " old lady " was getting breakfast.
It took but a very little smoke, and often
none at all. In the middle of the day I had
lots more hunting to do to find them; the
smoke would scare them off the combs, so I
abandoned it and waited for early mornings.
By so doing I did the clipping the easiest and
most agreeable way I have ever done it since
I have been in the business.

The increase was managed in a different
way from what I formerly used, and I like it.
When a swarm came off, heretofore, I had
increased one, but this season I divided the
old colony's combs and made two 4-frame
nuclei, and gained an additional one over the
old method. I wanted to increase to 30, so
the first 15 swarms gave the desired increase,
and what swarmed after that was returned to
the old hive, by removing the queen when
they issued. The hives of these 4-frame ones
I filled with drawn combs. I made sure to
take an outside frame for each nucleus, as
the outside frames usually carry more honey
than brood. I took care that each hive had a
(lueen-cell; if it was on the bottom of combs I
cut it out and placed it, as the Bee .Journal
told us, in the center, and close to the top-bar,
that it might not chill. I got fooled with one
where 1 had placed division-boards instead of
frames, and before I learned it they had

828

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24. 1903.

:«t^ \^!'. yta \')'' >^^ "^i" >^^ ^^•' ^*'' ^n"- >*"- ^t^ >t/ xt/ >>x >tx >te xtx >te>te

BEE = SUPPLIES!^

Root's floods at Root's Prices. Ji

Everythiae used by Bee-Keepers. POUDER'S HONEY-JARS, y

" - iptSer--- "^^

Low Freight Rates. NEW CATALOG FREE. >a

WALTER S. POUDER, k

512 Mass. Avenue, - INDIANAPOLIS, IND. I

>fr >j? 7j? >??>{? >^ >p: >p: ■>?? >?»:7;«: 7j? >?«: >?«--?i? >;<k >p: >?«>?« ">{«

^> MICHIGAN^

We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing-

The G. B. Lewis Co., and Dadant S Son,

Wholesale and Retail.

Several carloads continuously on hand. Send for our 40-page Illustrated Catalog.

LEWIS C. & A. G. WOODMAN, flrand Rapids, nich.

Please mention Bee jonmal wnen wntmg

A HANDY TOOIi-HOLBEB !

Sent by Express, for $ 1. 50 ; or willt the Bee JournaS
one year — both for $2.00.

Every Manufacturer, Miller, Carpenter.
Cabinet Maker, Machinist. Wheelwright aud
Quarryman, Farmer, or any one using a grind-
stone, should have one of these Tool-Holdi is
One boy can do the work of two persons, and
grind much faster, easier and with perfect
accuracy. Will bold any kind of tool, from
the smallest chisel to a draw shave or a\
Extra attachment lor sharpening scythi
blades included in the above price. The work
Is done without wetting the hands or soiling
the clothes, as the water flows from the oper i-
tor. It can be attached to any size stone toi
hand or steam power, is always ready for use ,
nothing to get out of order, and is absolutclj
•vorth 100 times its cost.

No farm is well-equipped un-
less it has a Tool-Holder. Fays
"or itself in a short time. .

How to Use the Holder.

Directions.— The Tool is fas-
tened securely In the Holder b.v
a set-screw and can be ground
to any desired bevel by insert-
ing the arm of the Holder Into
a higher or lower notch of the
standard. While turning the
crank with the right hand, the
left rests on an steadies the
Holder ; the Tool is moved to
the right or left across the
stone, or examined while grind-
ing, as readily and in the same
way as it held in lh-> hands.

For grinding Round - Edge
Tools, the holes in the stand-
ard are used Instead of the
aotches

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., CHICAQO, ILL.

riarshfield Manufacturing Co.

Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, aid they are
the best in the market. Wisconsin Basswood is the
ri^ht kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-
SUPPLIES. Write for freb Illustrated Catalog and
_ Price-Ivist. .". .'. .". .". .'. .". .". Jf

THE MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield, Wis. |

Please Mention thejee Journal iJ^^rSlrS^?-

started to build combs on the bottom of the
hive-cover, just as the Bee Journal said it
would. If we would always pay attention to
instructions we could find the gaps, and often
avoid difficulty. The 4-frame nuclei gave a
tuper of honey each, and those that were re-
turned to the old hives were in line shape for
business, and attended to it, too.

When Dr. Miller told us about drowoing of
iiueens to insure safe introduction, I tried it
in less than an hour's time after reading it,
and found it practical in each trial except
one, and that one was a virgin queen, and she
"came up missing." This is the way I did
the thing:

Each was a laying queen, and was placed in
a spiral cage and closed in, then the cage was
placed in a vessel of water, deep enough to
cover the cage. A comb with bees was out
and ready for her. After a minute or so I
released her among the bees, and sometimes,
if not stupefied, she would start off on a trot
with the bees after her; then she was given
another immersion, and when released she
would stagger and cling to the combs with
all the " go " washed out of her, and would
stand still and let the bees lick her off. The
frames were then placed in the hive, and the
next day she would be found busy laying. We
had a lot of queenless colonies on which we
tried the hurry-up plan, but had, instead, hur-
ried itdown, where I had run hatching queens
in 1 would find them removing queen-cells. I
wanted to save time, and used these queens to
do so, but over 50 percent of these " run ins"
"came up missing." This has bothered me
for several years, and each lime 1 laid it to
the kingbirds taking the queen when on her

$ I O.80 Fvr
I A 200 Egg
INCUBATOR

Perfect in conslruclioD ana
action. Hatches every fertile
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QEO. H. STAHL, Qulncy, III

45A26t Please mention the Bee Journal.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABELLKIHORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover— gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

iSABELLE HORTON,
227 East Ohio Stkket, Chicago, III.

DAIRYMEN ARE DELIGHTtu

to meet thoa« w fio work for ua. C«w keepere si >. ava
have mODey. VV to start yoQ In bufllDees. Yoa mak,
large profitfl. Easy work. We faruiab capital. Send ,
r 10 centa fof ftill line of aampleeand partlcnlare,

_^ DKAPEK PUBLISBINQ CO.. Chicago, Ml*.

Hiease mention Bee JournaJ wtien ■writina.

We SelC ROOT'S Goods in Mic"hIgan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Four percent off lor cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell Bk.inch, Wayne Co., Mich.
Please mention Bee Journal when ■writins

THE NICKEL PLATE ROAD d

will sell tickets account of Christmas
and New Year Holidays, at rate of a
fare and a third for the round-trip,
within distances of a ISO miles, Dec.
24, 25 and 31, VMS, atid Jan. 1, 1904.
good returning to and including Jan.
4, 1904. Through service to New York
City, Boston and other Eastern points.
No excess fare charged on any train on
Nickel Plate Road. Chicago Depot,
La Salle and Van Buren Sts. — the only
passenger station in Chicago on the
Elevated Loop. City Ticket Offices,
111 Adams St., and Auditorium Annex.
'Phone Central 2057. 31— 49A4t

Dec. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

829

wedding-flight, whereas she had never been
allowed to live to take the llight, as the bees
had killed her. Hereafter, if I can I prefer
letting the queen hatch in the hive she is to
occupy, and what cells hatch in my hands
when removing them will never be used, un-
less it is an emergency ; and before doing so
she will get the water-cure. The kingbirds
and I have buried the liatchet, and will be
friends. I will kill no more of them. The
queens will get the water-cure when clipping
hereafter, as I usually have some balled from
the scare she gets, which starts her running
when released. The older bee-keepers may
hoot at the idea, but I believe the attack origi-
nates mostly from fear on the part of the
queen. If it comes from the scent of being
handled, the water will remove it. Try it,
boys, as I did, and see what is in it.

Mr. Davenport, our neighbor on the North,
was complaining about too much pollen be-
ing deposited in the brood-nest. Same thing
here. The plague is a serious affair with me,
as the combs often become so filled with it
that there is but little room for brood. I can
help it by breaking in the caps on honey, and
have it carried up-stairs, which will enlarge
the brood-space. My bees will not carry
honey up-stairs from the brood-nest unless
the caps are broken. I have read that the
bees would clean the combs of pollen, but I
waited a long time for them to do it, and
waited in vain until I hit upon that plan :

I had a lot of combs which were a mass of
pollen; these I was melting into was ; they
had been in empty hives where the bees had
carried all the honey that was in them, and
had become dry. I found that by giving 4 of
these with 4 of foundation to a new swarm
they would clean them out as free from pollen
as could be. I, too, tried soaking them, but
it was " no go " — the pollen appeared to
swell tight, and stayed there ; but if they had
no honey in them they appeared to dry out, and
bees did the rest, but with honey in them the
pollen staid in the frames. I wonder what is

Mr. Hasty's opinion about it. All that I car
see for us in this pollen district to do, is to
remove the frames that are pollen-bound, and
place them where the bees can clean out the
honey, but not to allow robbing to originate
from it, then leave the combs in the empty
hive to dry, and not give over 3 or 4 at once.
I would like a more simple remedy, but must
use the above until some one tells me of a bet-
ter plan.

I will say to Yon Yonson, that Tom Carter
says we will try his method of catching
fish next summer, when the haycocks bloom.
He is all right, and can come again.

I wonder if there is any danger of the bee-
keeping sisters going off and starting a bee-
paper of their own. Hope they will not, un-
til we get some of those bachelors married ofT.
Say, ladies, those fellows have no pluck, or
they would have had a lady cook long ago.

A. F. Foote, of Mitchell Co., Iowa, appears
to be worried over the problem of keeping
down increase. Some people like trouble well
enough to take a spade and dig for it. If Mr.
Foote will clip his queens* wings, and remove
the queen when the swarm issues, the bees
will return to the old hive, and he has then a
double-header for business.

Mr. Patton, of Alabama, tries a dig at Mr.
Davenport, of Minnesota, about his black
bees. Say, Mr. Patton, come up here with
some of your Italian bees and see if our dark
bees don't "put it all over" your yellow

END AND CORNER POSTS

have to be t^tron^'er and well anchored for Pace
Stock Fences. Fewer hne posts are retjuired.
PAGE WOVEN WIKK FENCE CO., Adrian, Jlich

Please Mention Bee ^Journal
when writing advertisers.

I ^^Lr^-^^i*. 4 Percent ^^ i

Discount in
December ...

On all orders where cash 4?

accompaaies. We fur- S

nish everything' needed Jj

in the Apiary. v

Catalog and price-list S

k:r.h3tck3vi:bk, i^fo. CO., free. Z;

R.B3D OA-IC, IO"WA.. 48Atf 0

WHOLESALE

Has an established reputation, becau-se made by a process that produces the CLEANEST
AND PURE3T and la all respects the best and most desirable. Send for samples. Work-
log wa.K into foundation for cash a specialty. Beeswax always wanted at f1ig:hest Price.

A Full Line of SUPPLIES, Retail and Wholesale.

Send at once for Catalog, with prices and discounts.

K. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Ag^ents for Canada.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

4 Percent Discount P,";j?IIt?°"':^ xx:.

Send for our 190-1 Catalog- and Price-List. Our

HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect in worltnianship and material

By sending in your order now, you will save money, and
** secure prompt shipment.

I PAGE «Sc LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. is a

CHICKS THAT LIVE

hteaclily in wcipht. are chick.H
liutc>i(^<liii lU'liable Inruljatu

The Reliable

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ml cntalotr— full of pmiltry iufniiiu.tK.ii,

Reliable Incubator and Brooiier Co., Boi ;-153»QulQcyJII.

Please menuon Bee journal ■wheu "WTitlnc.

uniliTin ten
der its natu

M

ORE EGGS

Humphroy Bon
Humphrey Clo'

will double egg yield. Poultry Ho.

HUMPHRET, Kemp Street Factory. JOLIET, ILL.
Please mention Bee Journal -wnen 'writing

FREE=

Premium

A Foster

Stylo^raphic

PEN

This pen consists of a hard
rubber holder, tapering to a
round point, and writes as
.smoothly as a lead-pencil. The
point and needle of the pen
are made ot platina, alloyed
with iridiiir— -substances of
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affected 1" ion of any

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They llicient ink to

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Pens are furnished in neat
paper boxes. Each pen is ac-
companied with full directions,
tiller and cleaner.

Best Manifolding Pen on
THE Market.

19,000 Postmasters use this
kind of a pen. The Editor of
the American Bee Journal uses
the " Foster." You should have
one also.

How to Get a "Foster"
FREE.

Send TWO new scbscribebs
to the American Bee Journal for
one year, with S2.00: or send
$1.90 for the Pen and your own
subscription to the American
Bee Journal for one year; or,
for $1.00 we will mail the pen
alone. Address, j)

Z°^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

■ 44 & 146 Erie St., Chicago. Ill

If you want the bee-booK

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely tbaa any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS •

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

-al Discounts to the Trade.

iHEEP MONEY .■n'dS°°^o'1»l!H

■f you worfe for as. We will start you In
^OBlneeB and fomlah the capital. Work

line of a&mples and partlcnlars. ^
DKAPES POBLISBINO CO., CUcafo, Ills.

830

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

ones. They are nice to look at, but honey is
what we are after, and our blacks get it.

A bulletin board is a nice thing in the yard.
The "wants" can be placed where they are
before our eyes in plain view. Often the
wants are overlooked when placed in a note-
book. Things needed to be done in a few
days are sometimes forgotten, while a note of
it on the blackbroad tells you what is wanted.
For instance, on examining a hive to remove
the queen-cells, it is found to be pollen-bound.
You probably have other urgent business and
have no time then, and, if you do, it is hardly
the right time to open the combs by cracking
the caps, for there is no queen to occupy
them, and the honey is not removed up-stairs
until the room is needed. You make a note
on the blackboard like this: "Open combs in
195," and date the note; you can't forget to
do this, as it is there in plain view daily.
When you have finished the job erase the note.
We often run on " needs," but cannot apply
the remedy, so the blackboard will finish up
the odds and ends. J. P. Blunk.

Webster Co., Iowa, Dec. 2.

IntFodueing Queens.

I had some experience last spring in the
introduction of queens, which differed very
materially from any I ever had before. One
colony out of 16 swarmed early, when there
seemed but little for the bees to get, the
swarms having to be fed, but later on they got
to be prosperous. I caught the queen in the
parent colony four weeks after casting the
swarm, and killed her, introducing an Italian
queen caged in her stead. The bees, in 50
hours, had released the Italian queen and re-
ceived her apparently in good condition. Six
days later, upon examination, the bees had
killed the Italian queen and started new cells;
these I cut out, and, on examination three
weeks later, I found them hopelessly queen-
less, whereupon I grafted into the combs two
nice Italian queen-cells, which they accepted
and reared a nice queen. I then went to the
prime swarm and introduced a queen which
the bees killed in the cage before releasing
her. I grafted cells into their combs, which
they destroyed. I then left them alone two

Dr. Miller's New Book

Tree as a Premium for Sending X«o
I^ew SuUscribcrs .

The book contains 328 pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with gold
letters and design ; it is printed on best book-paper, and illustrated vyith
over 100 beautiful original half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller himself.
It is unique in this regard.

The first few pages of the new book are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he happened to get into
bee-keeping. Seventeen years ago he wrote a small book, called "A Year
Among the Bees," but that little v-ork has been out of print for a number
of years. While some of the matter used in the former book is found in
the new one, it all reads like a good new story of successful bee-keep-
ing by one of the masters, and shows in minutest detail just how Dr. Mil-
ler does things with bees.

HOW TO GET A COPT OF DR. MILLER'S

"FORTY YEARS AMOWG THE BEES."

The price of this new book is $1.00, post-paid; or, if taken with the
WEBKi,Y American Bee Journal for one year, both will be sent for $1.75.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the American Bee Journal
whose subscription is paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Miller's new
book free as a premium for sending us Two New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year with $2.00. This is a magnificent offer, and should
be taken advantage of at once. For many of our readers it is not only an
easy way to earn a copy of the book, but at the same time they will be
helping to extend the subscription list of the old American Bee Journal,
and thus aiding also in spreading the best kind of apicultural information
among those who would be successful bee-keepers.
Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO ,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Langstroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those

large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie street. CHICAGO. ILL.

BOTH ONE YEAR FOR ONLY $1.60.

'^ We have made arrangements with the publishers of Gleanings in Bee-Culture (issued twice a month), ^]

?5 so that we can furnish that magazine with the Weekly American Bee Journal — both one year for but $ 1.60 ; ^:

•^ provided you are not now a subscriber to Gleanings. ^;

;^ This is a magnificent offer, and should be taken advantage of by all of our readers who are not now ^|

1^ getting Gleanings regularly. These papers, although on the same subject, are conducted so differently, and ^:

.^ contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have them both. And they can be had ^;

■^ for a whole year for $1.60. Address all orders to ^]

5 GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 E. ERIE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. g

Dec. 24, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

831

BEE= BOOKS

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,

]44 & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautiful original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. Jt is unique in this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch ot Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seveuteen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has Iwen out of print for a number ot years.
While some of the mutter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, Jl.OO.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual oi the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a gjide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 3M5 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, ?1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Kev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, S1.20.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care of
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, S1.30

Scientific Queen-Bearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson. — The
author ot this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; ixjund in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called "Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Problem in Bee-Keeping, by
G. R. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. B.

Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 cts.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke. — Origin,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

weeks and grafted in more queen-cells, which
they treated as the first ones. I knew they
had no queen, as I had caught and killed her
before introducing the queen, which they
killed in the cage. This colony never would
receive any aid, and continued in this hope-
less condition until death resulted. Why
were they so contrary? J. B. Ausmns.
Benton Co., Ark., Dec. 7. _ j , H:

Moving Bees— Season's Report.

On March 7, 1903, 1 reached this place with
30 colonies of bees. I had to feed some before
fruit-bloom, but we are located in the midst
of 4000 bearing apple-trees, and a large area
well set with white clover, catnip, smartweed
and dandelion.

I have increased to 45 colonies, and sold $150
worth of honey, the most ot it comb honey.
Our bees worked a good deal on red clover.
C In moving on the railroad we saved the
work ot sawing our hives full of air-holes to
ventilate the bees, by simply tacking wire-
cloth over the hive-entrances, and then plac-
ing each hive facing out from the center ot a
stock-car, and the motion of the train did the
rest. When we reached St. Louis the switch-
men never tailed to see the few bees that had
escaped from the hives, so they bumped us
very easy. _i n Geo. R. Kelly.

Cooper Co.. Mo., Dec. 8. , i

CONVENTION NOFICES.

Kansas.— The first repnlar meeting of the
Kansas State Bee- Keepers' Associdtiou will be
held at Topeka, Dec. 30. All persons interested
in bee.':, whether members or not, are urged to
be present. O. A.-Kbbne, Sec.

Topeka, Kan.

New York.— The aannal meeting- of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers' Association, will be
held at Oswego. N.V., Tuesday, Jan. 12, 1904.
N. E. France, General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Aesociaiion, will be present and
address the meeting. All persons interested in
bee^ are cordially invited to be present.

:: IChas. B. Allen, Sec.

Central Square, N. Y.

ninnesota. — The annual meeting of the Sent h-
easteru Minnesota and Western Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers' A&sociation will meet at Winona,
Minn . at the Court House, in the County Com-
missioners' roomF.on Tuesday, Jan. l'» (and 20\
l'?U4. A full attendance of the members, their
wives and friend?, is invited to this, out ananal
meet. All bee-keepers everywhere are cordially
inviied to attend. W. K. Bates. Pres. "

Stockton, Minn.

New York.— Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis., General Manager of the National Bee-
Keepers' As^^ociation, has been secured by the
Bureau of Farmers' Institutes to speak at a
series of Bee-Keepers' Institutes in connection
with the local bee-keepers' societies as fol-
lows; Canandaigua, Jan. 6 and 7: Romulus,
Jan. s; Cortland. Jan. 9; Auburn.Jan.il; Os.
wego, Jan. 12; Amsterdam, Jan. 13; Syracuse,
Jan. 14 and 15. The meeting on the 15th will be
that of the New York State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies. C. B. Howard, Sec.

Romulus, N. Y.

HONEY AND BEE5WAX

Whea consigning-, bujing or selling-, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

WANTED— Comb Honey in <jaantity lots.
We are perhaps the onJy dealers in this article
owning* as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state guantitv, quality and price asked
for your oflfenng-s, Thos. C Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo,, or Fairfield, III.

WANTED !'=*^',?^B HONEY

tracted in barrels

delivered Cincin

32Atf Front ;

$300,000,000.00 A UuA

and yoo mjiy hA-re part of It If you ''

HONEY AND BEESWAX

M.\KKKT QUOTATIONS

Chicago, Dec. 7.— At this season of the year
there is not much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing laid in their stock for the holidays. Fancy
comb honey for the Christmas trade has
brought Uiitc; No. 1 grades, 12H@13c; amber,
''(a;IOc. Extracted white, bringrs 6(3*7c; amber,
5@6c. All e.xtracted honey is sold on its flavor,
quality, kind and style of package. Beeswax,

28@30c. R. A. BOKNETT& Co.

Philadklphia, Dec. 10.— Large lots of comb
honey being offered from States that were not
supposed to have much stock. Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the tact that they want
to sell their comb honey and push it on the
market, thus breaking the price. If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
get more for it and it would be better for the
producer and dealer. We quote fancy white
14(g»lt>c; No. 1, 12(gil4c; buckwheat, 12c, Fancy
extracted, 8c: amber, 6&7c. We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission

Wm. A. Selser.

Albany, N. Y., Dec. 15.— Market rery dull,
and lower since the cold weather. Quotations
have to be shaded, and concessions made to ef-
fect any quantity sales. U. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2".— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ago,
owing to the euormons quantities offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold in single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are selling
amber extracted in barrels at S'iw 6S^c. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7Ji@8>ic, according
to quality. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y'., Oct. 11.— The demandl for
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi'e comb, 14@lSc; A No 1 13U
@14c; No. 1, 13@13«c; No. 2, 12@12«c; No. 3
ll@12c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@llc.
White extracted, 6)4®1c; amber, 6@bHc-, dark
SJi@6c. Beeswax, 28@30c. '

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Nov. 2S.— Western honey is arriving
more freely in our Stale, causing a slight drop
in prices. Fancy No. 1, in cartons, brings 17c'
A No. 1, 16c; No. 1, ISc. Extracted, white, S^c-
light amber, 7@7'<ic; amber, 6(a7c, according to
quality. Blake, Scott & Lee.

Kansas Citv, 'Dec. 18.— Since our last quota-
tions there have been two cars of western comb
honey put on our market, and same is being
at prices not
Fancy white

comb, 24-section cases, $2.65; No. I,$2.s6- No 2"
$2.40 .Extracted, white, per lb., 7(g!75^c; amber!
6(a6Hc. Beeswax, 25(3- 30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. 18.— The market on comb
honey has weakened, as the supply has been
larger than the demand. Fancy water-white
14c; off grades, lower. Extracted, amber in
barrels, 5K@SJic; in 60-lb. cans. J4c more; al-
falfa, water-white, 6@6!4c; fancy white clover
7@8c. Beeswax, good demand: 3bc for nice. '
C. H. W. Weber.

New York, Dec. 4.— Comb honey is arriving
in sufficient quantities to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most of the white honey
seems to be off color, more or less. We qnote
fancy white at 14c: No. 1 at 13c; amber, ll@12c;
and buckwheat, 10c. Extracted, light amber,
at 6c; white, Mc; Southern, SS@bOc per gallon-
buckwheat, SHjc °"— ^y=^^- "^ ' <

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9fa)ilc. Extracted
white, SH&)(>yic; light amber, SOSJ^c; amberi
4>4®5c; dark amber, 4@4H!c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 275i@29c; dark, 25@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks

g receding, but is fairly steady as to value,
pot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter bein^ the only kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyer,. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
4oAtf Please mention the Bee Jotrnal.

832

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 24, 1903.

AAAA,AA,^AAAAA

The Best Bee-Goods
iB the World....

are no better than those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
will not be disappointed.
We are undersold 1>y no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year; 50 cents a year; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co..

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W, M. Gerrish, Epping-, N.H., carries
a full line of our g-oods at catalog" prices.
Order of him and save the freig-ht.

▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼▼ ^9
Ftsase mentioii Bee Journal vrlxen 'writiog..

You Will Have to Hurru

You will have to get your inquiries in before
Dec. IS if jou secure the 10 percent discount on
Dovetail Bee-Hives made of Michigan white

^""the wood-brush bee-hive
and box co.,

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

iSS!

i Bee=Supplies I i

« Don't Wait flmj Longer to Buy. 0

0 BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. a

Write us to-day and say what you
want, and g-et our prices. New catalog-
will soon be out; it is free.

We also handle the famous

tloosier Incubators and Brooders.
C. M.Scott & Co.

Hf Dept. A. 1004 East Washington Street, 0

0 Indianapolis. Ind. 0

*'ieaso mention Kne, Joomai ivnen WTitiii£

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

T. P. BINQHAM r...

Smokers

MountUniojGoiieoe

open to both sexes from the begin-
ning. Founded in 1846. Highest grade
scholarship. First-class reputation. 2S
instructors. Alumni and students occu-
pying highest positions in Church and
State. Expenses lower than other col-
leges of equal grade. Any young person
with tact and energy can have an educa-
tion. We invite correspondence. Send
for catalog.

MOUNT UNION COLIiEGE,
Alliance, Ohio.

OR, PEIRO'S

OXYGEN

Ple,*be mentiun Bee Ju

ti^^js^is.js,ji,JtimjAja,.iS,.i^jAjs,ja.ja,jg,^^

26tll
year

Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We CUflratltee Safi^fflCfinn what more can anybody do? beauty.
YYC ^UctI<tlII.CC .:7<lLlMd.Cl.lUIl. PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAQQINO.
No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHBBTINQ.

Why

f1ne% it «pll «n Wfll? Because it has always given better satis.
UUCd IL »CII a»U WClir faction than any other. Because In 25 ye.rj

there have not been any complaints.but thousands of compliments.

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material.
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Keepers' Supplies

OF ALL <^/^

KINDS **««» .^^M

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

Langstroth on IhG HonGy-Bee — Rcvisc^d,

The classic iu Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill

Please mention Bee Jonmal when 'writiiig.

BEST

Exiraciefl Honey For sale !

ALL IN 60-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey ^C

This is the famous
White Extracted Honey
gathered in the jjreat Al-
falfa regions of the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearlv
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can {u'Sc .$ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @7>ic 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J^c price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can fr(i9c $ 5.40

Two60-lb.Cans(inlbox)@8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESWAX WANTED— We are paying 28 cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEY-JAKS— Don't forget toiget our prices on al) sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144 East BrieSStreet, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Dee Journal

Published Weekly by GEORGE W, YORK L CO,, 144 L 146 E, Erie Street.

43d Year,

CHICAGO, ILL., DEC. 31, 1903.

Photo by W. Z. Hutchiuson.

No. 53.

t

Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, in Arizona.

(See pa(re 612).

One mile deep, and 135i miles across from top of rim to opposite rim; Colorado River is l£00 feet below the lowest

visible point shown in picture; nine tents are at a point exactly 1 < inches from the bottom

of the picture and 2' s inches from the rijjht side.

834

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

PUBLISHED WE»5KLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CONPAISY

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, III.

EDITOR,

DEPT. EDITORS.

Dr,C. C.Miller, E.E. Hasty, Emma M.Wilson

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

The Subscription Price of this Journal
is $1.00 a year, in the United States, Can-
ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the
Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

The Wrapper-Label Date of this paper
indicates the end of the month to which
your subscription is paid. For instance,
"dec03" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1903.

Subscription Receipts.— We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip-
tion, but change the date on your wrapper-
label, which shows you that the money has
been received and credited.

Advertising Rates will be given upon ap-
plication.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association :

1st. — To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in
their lawful rights.

3d. — To enforce laws against the adulteration
of honey.

Annual Membership. SI. 00.

Send dues to Treasurer.

President— W. Z. Hdtchinson, Flint, Mich.
Vice-President— J. U. Harris,

Grand Junction. Colo,
itecretary — George W. York,

144 & 146 E. Erie St., Chicago, 111.
Ckneral Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

BOARD OF Directors.

C Whitcomb, Friend, Neb,

W. Z. Hutchinson, Fliat, Mich.

Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex.
R. C. AiKiN, IfOveland, Colo.

P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Wm. a. Selser, Philadelphia, Pa.
G. M. DooLiTTLE, Eorodido, N. Y.
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y.

J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Calif.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Ctr., Wis.

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, I''

B^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent
to the Secretary, -t the office of the American
Bee ourn 1.

A Celluloid Queen-Button is a vc.y
orelty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to
*^ wear on his coat-lapel. It of-

ten serves to introduce the
subject of honey, and fre-
quently leads to a sale.

The picture shown herewith
Is a reproduction of a motto
queen-button that we are fur-
nishing to bee-keepers. Itha«
— ,»— - a pin on the underside to

fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10c;
or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

§01116 Good GloDDing Oilers.

As tills is the time of year when most subscribers renew their subscrip-
tions, we wish to call special attention to the following', which we are sure_will
commend themselves to all :

W« 1 The Bee Journal and Dr. Miller's "Forty Years

'^^- * Among- the Bees " (book alone, $1.00) Both for $1.75

M~ ty The Bee Journal a year and Prof. Cook's " Bee-Keep-

IIU. A gr's Guide," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

iu„ "l The Bee Journal a year and Dadant's "Langstroth

nU. J on the Honey-Bee," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

Mrv A The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's "Scientific

Queen-Rearing," (cloth bound) (book alone, $1.00) " 1.75

iu~ r The Bee Journal a year and Doolittle's " Scientific

IIU. J Queen-Rearing," (leatherette bound) (book alone, 75c) " 1. 50

lu- z Bee Journal a year and Standard Untested Italian

nU. O Queen (mailed in May or June, 1904) (Queen alone 7Sc) " 1. 50

Nn 7_ The Bee Journal a year and a "Novelty Pocket-Knife"

nU. / with your name and address on it (knife alone, $1.25) " 3.00

|ki^ Qj The Bee Journal a year and a " Wood Binder," for

ilU. O holding a year's numbers (binder alone, 20c) " l.OO

w^ Q The Bee Journal a year and an " Emerson Binder,"

llU. V (stiff board) (binder alone, 60c) " 1. 40

M- -j/\ The Bee Journal a year and a Monette " Queen-Clip-

iW, lU ping Device," (device alone, 2Sc) " 1. 00

j^- "11 The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

l^U. 11 Honey," (cloth bound) (book alone, 7Sc) " 1. 50

jy_ -ify The Bee Journal a year and Newman's "Bees and

no. IZ Honey," (paper bound) " I.IO

mj^ -J <! The Bee Journal a year and Root's " A B C of Bee-

1^0. 10 Culture," (book alone, $1.20) " 2.00

Na 1/1 The Bee Journal a year and a Foster Stylographic

1>0. 14- Pen (Pen alone, $1.00) " 1-75

Send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 E. Erie Street, CHICAGO. ILL.

The Novelty Pocket=Knife.

Your Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side,

HOWARD M. MELBEEi

HONEYVILLE, O.

[This Cut is the i'OLL Size of the Knife.]

Your Name on the Knife.— Wbeo orderiu^, be sure to say Jttst what name and
Address you wish put on the Kaite.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies In the handle« It is
made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un-
derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of
ihe subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as
shown here.

The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the very best quality;
the blades are haud-forg-ed out of the very finest Eng-lish razor-steel, and we war-
ra-.it every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or
corrode. The rivets are hardened German stiver wire; the lining's are plate brass;
the back sprinq^s of Sheffield spring--steel, and the finish *>f the handle as described
above. It will last a last-time, with proper usag'e.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a g-ood knife is lost, the chances are the
owner will never recover it; but if the *■* Novelty ** is lost, having- name and address
of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad-
dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling-, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so fotv
tunate as to have one of the *' Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and In
case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident.

How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting- memento conld a mother
g-ive to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having
the name of the recipient on one side ?

The accompanyiug- cuf, gives a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation oi
thiSjbeautiful knife, "as th^ ** Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated.

How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or g-ive it as a Premium to thf
one sending- usihree new subscribers to the Bee Journal (withja'J'J.) We will club the Noveltj
Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00.

GEORGE W, YORK L CO.

i^Please alloi^ •'bout two weeks tor your knife order to be dlleo.

Chicago. Ill

43d YEAR.

CHICAGO, ILL, DEC. 31, 1903,

Ne, 53.

C

Editorial Comments

A Happy New Year to All!

May liXH be the best and sweetest year ot all your bee-keeping
lives. May many good new resolutions not only be formed, but
sacredly kept throughout the year. Again, we say, A Happy New
Year to all !

The Index to Volume XLIII.

This, as usual, occupies several pages in this the last number ot
the old American Bee Journal for 1903. It seems to us it shows a
much larger variety and number of apiarian subjects than ever before.
It is a record of a great year in the history of this journal. But we
trust it is but an indication of what it will be during the year that is
just beginning.

Few realize what it means to compile an index like the one appear-
ing this week, unless having had the experience of getting up an in-
dex. We have had it to do almost every year for twenty years. It is
a task that is not eagerly looked forward to. It is a tedious one. It
is not at all interesting work, but when properly done it is of very
great value to all who preserve the complete volume of the Bee Journal.

And what a volume a year's copies of the American Bee Journal
makes'. Over SOO good-size pages ! And all for only one dollar !

Clipping Queens Not a Ppeventive of Swarming.

For the sake of new members of the American Bee Journal family
it seems necessary to say this once in so often. A writer in the British
Bee Journal, speaking of clipping queens' wings, innocently says:

"I tried this American plan but the swarm issued the week

following." Now, be it known to all and sundry that clipping a
queen dues not in the sliglittsl degree prevent the ixsnmi/ of a smirm.
Clip the wings of a queen, and a swarm will issue from that colony at
precisely the same time it %vould have done if the queen had not been
clipped, whether that time be a day or a year later.

The value of clipping consists not in the prevention of swarming,
but in the fact that a clipped queen can not go with the swarm if it
attempts to abscond, and the swarm will not abscond without a queen.
But a little intelligent management is needed with clipped queens, for
there is nothing to prevent the swarm leaving with a virgin queen a
week or more after the issuing of a prime swarm.

Curing Foul Brood Witli Fopmaldehyde.

Geo. E. Hinckley, foul brood inspector for Santa Barbara Co.,
Calif., claims to have cured foul brood in a very simple manner by
means ot formaldehyde, merely spraying the liquid three times upon
the floor of the hive. He says in Gleanings in Bee-Culture :

At first I did not have the success that I desired; but I did a little
differently each time, and finally have come to the conclusion that it
will cure foul brood and black brood if rightly used. It has done the
work all right, as I have used it of late. I have treated several api-
aries, varying from two to over a hundred colonies in each, and have
cured all that 1 have treated under my present system. Now, for my
mode of treatment. „ / , , ,j ^ ,

I use a Goodrich atomizer No^-1, and formaldehyde, ecjual part

with water. Go to the hive to be treated and raise the body ot the-
hive in front enough to work so as to spray the liquid onto the bote
tom-board. The bottleful will be enough for about six hives for one
application, which I make three as a course of treatment. I make the
applications about two weeks apart, and apply it cold, and do no more
than to spray it onto the bottom-board. If it is sprayed onto the
combs it will kill all that it touches. The gas dries up the diseased
matter in the cell, and the bees clean it out and make everything shine,
and the colony soon becomes strong and prosperous; but the hive
must have ventilation, or the gas will asphyxiate the bees, and that
makes a bad matter worse. It the hive is tight the cover must be
raised by placing something between it and the top of the hive, about
I4 inch thick. After spraying the liquid on the bottom-board, set the
hive back in place, and the work is done.

That a cure can be effected so easily seems almost past belief ; yet
it is possible. Coming from one in an official posittion, it is at leasj
worthy of consideration, and it it should prove equally effective in
other hands it will be a boon.

Extracted Honey vs. Comb Honey.

The editor of Gleanings in Bee-Culture says: "When sections
become more scarce and expensive, and when there are pure-food
laws in State and Nation, extracted honey will to a great extent sup-
plant comb honey, an d its production will become more general."

That pure-food laws will increase the consumption of honey there
can be little doubt; that they will have a tendency to make extracted
honey supplant comb may be questioned. The fear of adulteration
in extracted honey is at present against its sale; but is there not in the
mind ot the public just as much fear of adulteration in comb honey?
Certainly more has been said in that direction in the public prints.
Take away the fear of adulteration in each, and will there be any
change whatever in the relative demand?

When the material for one-piece sections becomes scarce, four-
piece sections can take their place, increasing the cost a fraction ot a
cent on a pound. Consumers are now willing to pay several cents a
pound more for comb honey ; would the addition of a traction of a
cent on a pound make any material difference in their preference?

Bees Stinging a Returning Virgin Queen.

Dr. A. W. Smyth says, in the Irish Bee Journal, that " it a young
queen returns to the hive, after leaving with a swarm, the workers
will sting her at once." Is that so in all cases?

Rules for Grading Honey.

In the Bee-Keepers" Review, K. L. Taylor pays his compliments to
the rules for grading honey, after the following vigorous fashion :

Bee-keepers are further hampered by the set of artiticial and im-
possible rules now in vogue for the grading ot houey, which seem
framed for the purpose ot giving unfair purchasers of honey some-
thing about which they may complain with some show of reason ia
order to mulct the seller in a cent or two a pound, in that he claims to
see stain on cappings of fancy honey, and more than the prescribed
amount on grade No. 1. Strange to say. these rules entirely ignore
quality ; and thin honey, with an unpalatable tang, other things being-
equal, marches fully abreast with the rich, thick, well-ripened article.
They strain at a gnat and swallow a camel. Every comb-honey pro-
ducer knows that not one section in a thousand can be found that
will not show some stain, and that a degree of stain that does not dis-
figure the honey is no detriment, but rather a guaranty of ripeness.

I shall not discuss these rules here, further than to say that any-
set of rules made to govern the grading of comb honey ought to insist-
on high quality tor the higher grades. Such a rule would at least
have a tendency to disseminate a knowledge ot the conditions neces-
sary to tbe thorough ripening ot honey, as well as to put honey under

836

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

such conditions. I have no doubt that in the end it would increaes
the demand for honey, and thereby increase the ease with which honey
may be sold.

It may reasonably be supposed that Mr. Taylor refers to the
Washington rules, which appear as standing matter in each number
of the journal in which his article appears. Some doubt is thrown
upon this by his speaking of " the prescribed amount " of stain on
'grade No. 1, as if more stain were allowed on No. 1 than on fancy
honey, whereas, in the rules, there is no distinction, both fancy and
No. 1 having " both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or other-
wise."

That, however, is not material, for Mr. Taylor's main contention
is for quality, and that is left unmentioned in other rules for grading,
as well as in the Washington rules. It is undoubtedly true that the
man who is best informed will put quality as the first consideration in
purchasing honey. Now, let Mr. Taylor frame a set of rules involv-
ing quality that shall prove acceptable to the fraternity in general,
and a debt of gratitude will be due him.

Why Drones are Driven Out-

That interesting writer, Dr. A. W. Smyth, says in the Irish Bee
Journal:

The workers, in the fall, keep marching and driving out the
«3rones, so as to have them die on the outside of the hive and away
from the colony. A dead drone in the hive in winter is very objec-
tionable to the workers. A whole colony of workers frequently die
in the hive, but I never detected any unpleasant odor from dead
worker-bees, while a dozen or two of dead drones will give off a very
disagreeable odor of putrefaction. The poison in the worker-bee be-
comes disseminated through the body after death, and arrests decom-
position.

However it may be in Ireland, a pile of dead bees in this country
is by no means always, if ever, devoid of odor. But the idea that the
workers drive out the drones so that they may die outside the hive is a
new and interesting suggestion. When you come to think of it, what
other object could they have? If the drones die because the workers
no longer feed them, they would die without any driving, but it is a
good deal easier to drive out the living drones than to drag out their
carcasses after death. ^^___^^^^__

Number Fifty-Three.

Did you notice that this copy of the American Bee Journal is
"No. 531" This year has 53 Thursdays in it, and so there are .53
issues of the Bee Journal. Really, only 52 are expected of us, but we
put this one in for "good measure." We know it will be appreciated
by many, as it contains the large and valuable index. So far as we
know, no other bee-paper in this country ever issues an extra number.
We know that some others print an extra number of pages, but we
never knew any of them to issue 13 or 25 in any one year ; it is either
12 or 24. But we reach 53 this year ! And no extra charge. 848 pages
of bee-literature for $1.00 1 We ought to have 25,000 subscribers right
now.

Miscellaneous Items

Mr. Will. McEvoy, the popular and efficient inspector of api-
aries for the Province of Ontario, wrote us as follows Dec. 14 ;

" I am well pleased with the American Bee Journal, and hope to
continue it to the end of my days."

S^viss Honey is being offered to Americans, it seems from the
following which was recently mailed to R. A. Burnett & Co., by Ul,
Tuchschmid. who does business in a large city of Switzerland. We
print the circular as nearly like the original as possible, both as to
language, punctuation, etc. Here it is:

I beg to ofl'er you Swiss Honey neatest selection from llower
harvest, yellow like gold, in oases of 50 glasses, 1 pound each, at SO
frs. a case, comprising packing, free Basle, payable at receipt with
Cheque on Switzerland net.

Carriage Basle-New-York frs. 8.20 per 100 Kilogr. (1 case=-3r
Kilogr. gross) . Insurance by land and sea from here to New-York
against loss, average, breakage G percent which, on your demand, I
shall effect here for your account.

This Honey is undoubtedly the finest article of Fancy Grocery ; it
it is not only a highly exquisite delicacy, but also a remedy for many

an outward and inward infirmity, an antiseptic preservative remedy
(cleaning wounds, blisters from burning) ; therefore it is warmly
commended by physicians, especially for children. It is for the
wealthy as well as for the poor, benefiting them all likewise.

Our quality is in no way to be put upon the same level with the
common article of foreign countries; leaving even aside its being a
produce of the Alpine flora, its strongly flavoured, incomparable nec-
tar, it is not to be forgotten that with us teachers and parsons in the
country are the chief apiarists, who do the business more from sheer
passtime and witli t/ie utmost rleatilmexs. All our honey gets slung
(worked out carefully), no such u.se as in foreign countries where
often comb-honey, together with maggats, nay even rotten brood is
pounded, boiled and expressed. Such an article is not only nauseous,
disgusting, but at the same time hurtful to health.

In order to serve my customers to the utmost nicety, I have
chosen glasses, the nicely printed zink lids of which close hermetically,
so there will never be any leakage, however fluid the honey, in what-
ever position the glass may be; no clammy hands and — last but not
least — Swiss Honey may be preserved for a whole generation without
undergoing any change.

The patent cases to be shut and opened without any tool, contain
compartments so that each glass stands separately. During ten years
I have furnished honey to a house in New- York, never a glass has
been broken, and yet honey is by P.. heavier than water or wine.
Cases as well as glasses by themselves are of good use.

Incomparable quality, sure packing and its lasting unchanged
and palative for years and years, there are the titles to commend our
article.

At first sight the price of the article may seem somewhat high,
but he who has got acquainted with its superiority, does not mind
that little more; Swiss Honey becomes indispensable for him. On
the other hand, I could not possibly make any allowance, the produce
of the article being limited and prices pretty high at home.

Inviting you to have a fair trial, I remain, Sir,

yours truly Ul. Tuchschmid.

Of course, honey that " gets slung" may be better than honey
that contains •' maggats, nay even rotten brood," " pounded, boiled
and expressed." We don't know just to what " foreign country " he
refers, where honey is taken in that way, but it must be in Europe
somewhere, for surely we don't have that kind here.

At any rate, Mr. Tuchschmid is quite enterprising, and has a
famous honey, if all his circular letter is to be believed.

(

Contributed Articles

Oil of Eucalyptus for Bee-Diseases— Clean-
ing Extracting-Combs.

BY C. P. DADANT.

Mr. Dadant : — I was very much interested in the article on foul
brood, on page 690. I was afraid my bees have foul brood, but since
reading everything I can find on that subject, I have concluded it is
not foul brood. The bees die in the cells and nearly all of them are
white, with black heads, and they are full of water. The cappings are
not sunken, but are elevated, with a small hole in the center. I want
to try your remedy — the oil of eucalyptus. If it isn't too much trouble
please answer the following questions:

1. Would it be best to use the oil now, or wait until the queen
begins to lay, which will be about the first of February?

2. How much oil will it take to treat 20 colonies five weeks ?

BCLI.ITT Co., Kt.

I should not think of sending- my answer to the above
letter for publication, were it not that the same error has
been made hundreds of times, to my knowledge. If the
description given of the so-called diseased brood is exact
there is no disease at all in this case. It often happens that
the bees, from some cause or other which has not yet been
made very plain, leave patches of larva? uncovered at the
time of their transformation. That is, they narrow up the
cell but fail to seal it, and leave a small opening through
which the transforming of an insect may be seen. Some-
times a patch of brood several square inches in diameter will
be treated in this way. It has been suggested that the lack
of sufficient space between the combs for a full capping is
responsible for their action, but I doubt this, as the cell is
slightly raised in narrowing it, and, to my mind, this par-
tial covering occupies as much space as the ordinary flat
capping. Be this as it may, the fact remains that often the
bees will thus leave patches of brood only partly sealed.
When the insect goes through its last transforming stage,
its eyes become dark first, they have a bluish-black appear-
ance while the remainder of the body is yet white and im-

Dec. 31, 1903.

THt AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

837

maculate. The effect is striking, the black head, with white
body underneath and perfectly still condition of the chrysa-
lis, give them the appearance of " silent corpses," to quote
A. I. Root. The description given in the above letter answers
this condition exactly. If our correspondent will examine
the bees when in this condition, he will find that they are
not at all decayed, but simply in a state of transformation.
So he may rejoice in the fact that his bees have no disease,
and that he is not the first one who has made this mistake,
of taking a perfectly natural, but not often seen, condition
for a disease. I have heard a number of such enquiries,
and I am evidently not the only one who has met this ques-
tion, for A. I. Root, already mentioned, speaks of often re-
ceiving enquiries concerning this particular condition of
brood, from novice bee-keepers.

I am very glad to see so much discussion of the question
of foul-brood. Sooner or later a very positive cure will be
devised, so that we may not find it necessary to destroy any
part of the hive. We owe thanks to men like Mr. France,
who are so pertinacious in seeking remedies and making ex-
periments.

The quantity of oil of eucalyptus to be used must de-
pend upon the size of the hive. If this remedy should prove
efficacious in foul brood (which is not yet entirely proven),
it should be used in sufficient quantity to scent thoroughly
every part of the hive for weeks together. A teaspoonful
on cotton will give scent for quite a while, and doses must
be repeated as often as necessary. From the experiments I
have reported, I am sure it will do away with minor dis-
eases, and whenever we do this we will find that we have
much reduced the supposed scope of the true disease.

I cannot but take issue with those who say that the use
of fire will ever remain the only thorough remedy for grave
cases of foul brood. Some of the worst diseases of the human
race have been entirely eradicated from civilized countries,
and accidental cases are treated so as to bring about almost
positive assurance of cure. It in only a few hundred years
since the plague decimated cities in the most civilized por-
tions of Europe. The plagues of Marseilles, of Florence,
of Moscow, have become historic by their extent and horror.
This plague, which was then called " The Black Plague,"
was probably none other than the " bubonic plague," which
civilized countries fear no more, though it still exists in
some uncivilized regions. But at the time when these ter-
rible diseases were raging, there was no other method
known of disposing of them than doing away with the sick
people. I can still remember seeing, near my old birth-
place (Langres), in old France, in the suburbs, a house
which had retained the name of " La Maladiere," because
in times of plague the sick persons were removed to that
spot to fare as best they could. That was the only way
they had then of fighting contagious diseases. But we
have progressed, and are still progressing, thanks to the
enquiring minds of our leaders in science and medicine, and
the study of microscopy is one of the great factors in the
present progress.

CLEANING EXTRACTING-COMBS-IN THE OPEN AIR.

I have just read the expression of opinion of " Our Bee-
Keeping Sisters," on page 793, concerning giving extract-
ing-combs to the bees for cleaning in the open air. I am
still unconvinced of the advisability of this method. The
combs are not all repaired, but rather further damaged by
them. The bees have so free an access to these combs
that even the neighbors' bees are welcome to the feast. The
strongest colonies get the biggest share of the honey, and
if there happens to be a weak colony in the neighborhood it
seems as if hundreds of inquisitive bees take the opportu-
nity of an uproar to pay them a visit to see whether their
stores are well guarded.

I can see no objection to putting the combs back on the
hives that we select, to have them cleaned during the night
so that there is no uproar, and I still thhik it is the best
way. It is probable, however, that with our deeper frames
and very large hives, we have less trouble with bees mov-
ing upstairs than with shallow hives, especially as our
supers are all shallow, and therefore less attractive to the
colony as a residence. Hamilton Co., 111.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the
copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent
by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee
Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and
thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00
for your Bee Journal subscription a /till year in advance,
we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mention it.

Different Races of Bees in the South—
Smoker-Fuel.

BY JOHN KENNEDY.

ORIGINALLY there was but one kind of bees to be found
in this part of the United States, and that was what is
known as the black bees. They were considered great
honey-gatherers, and feared by all who handled them on
account of their cross, irritable disposition. Since the in-
troduction of Italian bees, although to no great extent,
there is now a variety of grades, and the genuine black bee
is almost a thing of the past.

With the most of them the cross is so far off that noth-
ing but a very close observer would detect it. I have been
handling bees for five or six years, having an apiary of
about 100 colonies, and in all my dark, or native bees, but
few of them are without some yellow, and almost all of
them are what I would call brown instead of black bees.
While I have some late purchases of Italians and Caniolans,
I find among my native bees some with almost as much yel-
low as the progeny from queens I have bought of reliable
breeders.

I notice different writers in the American Bee Journal
speak of their three-banded Italians. I think, if I am not
mistaken, that all bees are three-banded that I have ever
noticed. I have bees from two queens that are perfectly
yellow. Then I have what the bee-men call the yellow,
clover queens, with dark stripes, that look to me about what
a half cross between our native and the Italians would be.

Now, to the point of my information wanted : These
Italian bees are not nearly as large as our native bees, when
I have always heard the Italian bees were larger. Can it
be that I have been imposed upon by queen-breeders in sell-
ing me impure stock, or has the climate, or locality, or any-
thing else, anything to do with it ? I can not believe such
men as I have bought queens of would sell me any " bogus "
stock.

How is this : Are all Italians smaller than the native
bees of this country ? I have bees of eight diffierent shades
in the same hive ; while some of them have a distinct yel-
low band, others of the same colony have no yellow at all ;
thus showing how bees vary in color. I noticed, among my
yellow golden Italians, some bees with dark stripes. The
Carniolan queens I have purchased recently have not
hatched out any bees yet, and therefore I cannot report on
their size. It is said they are much larger than the native
bees ; but if they don't prove to be of larger size than the
Italians, they, too, will fall short of representation.

My object of writing this for publication is, that some
reader may reply through the columns of the American
Bee Journal by the way of comparing notes, for it may be
that native bees of the Northern and Western States are
smaller than those of this climate ; and the Italians I have
so far reared from Western queens may be the usual size,
and all right. They are the first and only bees of the kind
I ever saw ; but they are greatly inferior in size to our
natives. As to their honey-gathering qualities I can't say,
but if we get through the winter, and I have enough to be-
gin the next nectar season, I may be in position to answer,
with them side by side, giving all an even chance.

It is strange to me that here in this temperate climate,
where the summer constitutes the greater part of the year,
the bees cannot give any surplus, and very often don't store
sufficient to live through the winter. There must be some-
thing radicallv wrong. It may be in the management, or
it may be all attributable to the lack of nectar. It is a fact,
known to all the beemen of this part of the country, that
after the first of June, or thereabouts, our bees store noth-
ing more ; sometimes they may gather sufficient barely to
live on, but to store any surplus is a rare thing.

I notice the different writers in the American Bee Jour-
nal speak of different honey-plants their bees gather from
through the fall. Such a thing is unknown here, or at least
to me. We have fall flowers, but I am not much of a bota-
nist, and do not know the names of our fall flowers. We have
them, of course, but it is seldom a bee is seen on them ; and
when they are it seems to be for pollen. Of course, we
know they work on cotton, but that is about all I can see.

I have about come to the conclusion that the only way
bees can be handled to any advantage here, unless it be in
strictly isolated cases, is to plant forage for them, and the
next question arises. What are the plants we could grow
here that will furnish nectar ? I read about goldenrod in
the West as being such a good honey-plant. Why, here the
i bees hardly ever visit it. There are localities, however,

838

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

down here along' the valley of the wooded part of the Mis-
sissippi river, where bees make a success ; but out in the
hills, where I live, 8 miles from the Mississippi river, [here
are only a few nectar-bearing plants. If I could get the in-
formation as to what to plant for my bees I would solve the
problem very soon ; but I don't know, and unless some good
sympathizer will reply to this, I shall have to remain igno-
rant.

I love my bees, and have started out to understand their
habits and nature as far as possible by close study, and I will
be most grateful to any one who will reply to this article. I
am going to plant the following this fall to try them :
Alsike, crimson, sweet white, sweet yellow, and white Dutch
clovers ; and next spring, catnip, rape and buckwheat. How
will these do, as planned above ? I had some buckwheat
on hand, but could not plant it until about the middle of
September. It grew nicely and bloomed all right, as far as
I can tell, but the bees did not seem to care much for it. I
thought during such a scarcity here they would simply go
wild over it ; but I was the only one excited over the matter.
The bees took it very calmly, although they worked it for
the nectar. I don't think they gathered any pollen from it.

CEDAR-BARK FOR SMOKER-FUEI,.

Before I conclude this article, I wish to add an item on
smoker-fuel. I notice " Pennsylvania," on page 666, recom-
mends corn-cobs. I believe I have tried a little of almost
everything in the lasts or 6 years of my experience, and
have never found anything to equal the bark of the cedar-
tree. The outside bark of a live tree can be gathered, and
it is always dry, even on a rainy day. It is better than
corn-cobs for one reason, especially — it does not create the
heat that corn-cobs do ; while cobs may last a little, longer.
You can skin the bark readily from a dead post and store it
away in a dry place for future use. Nothing lights so
quickly, in the way of wood, as cedar-bark, and it never goes
out until it is all in ashes. You can lay the smoker down
for half an hour or more without the least sign of fire in it,
and give a puff or so and you have the smoke in large vol-
umes. It may somewhat depend on the kind of smoker. I
use the Corneil, improved. Cedar-bark is the fuel for that
smoker.

Beginners, and especially lady bee-keepers, generally
use too much smoke, and, if I will be excused for giving ad-
vice, I will recommend that no more smoke than is abso-
lutely necessary should ever be used. It is a fact with me,
and I can't see why it should not be so in all cases. You
can handle bees so as to require little or no smoke. A
friend visiting me offered to wager me I could not enter a
hive and remove a frame without smoke. I took it up, but
I selected a hive into which I had recently introduced an
Italian queen, and had handled considerable. I not only re-
moved one frame, but eight, and found, and pointed out, the
yellow queen to him. You can make bees gentle by hand-
ling them properly. Smoke subdues them, of course, but it
also irritates them. Adams Co., Miss., Oct. 19.

The Movable-Frame Hive vs. the Box-Hive.

BY " A VIRGINIA BEE-KEEPER."

I WAS very much and agreeably surprised to find my let-
ter on "Box-Hives vs. Modern Hives," (see page 750),
noticed and commented on by so eminent a bee-keeper as
Dr. Miller, on page 792. As he has asked a good many
questions in his kindly comment, perhaps I will be allowed
space enough to try to answer some of them, though I would
like to preface my remarks by mentioning that I feel very
much like a school-boy suddenly confronted by the head mas-
ter, and asked to give him information on subjects which
are his especial forte.

First, let me quote a passage from my original contri-
bution : "To illustrate the expense connected with the
change from hox-hives to modern hives, / £;tve my own e a-
perience."

This may be another question of '■'■ locality " \>-\\. the
facts in my own case were substantially as set forth in my
letter. That is to say, when I contemplated making the
change to modern hives, and after I had laid off the ground
for my apiary after having decided on the number of colo-
nies 1 would keep and the kind of hives I would use, I made
a rough estimate of the cost of the entire necessary supplies
for an apiary of SO colonies. This estimate I discussed
with the owner of the hives that I had on shares, and pro-
posed that the change should be made in the next four

years, and also proposed that he should pay one-half of the
expenses and I would pay the other half, while the surplus
honey should be divided between us evenly. He decidedly
and emphatically refused, and I then offered to buy his bees
in the box-hives, as I did, and which I considered a much
better proposition for me. I stopped at four years, because
I do not, at present, intend to allow my apairy to grow
larger than that, spring count, even if I have to destroy
swarms, queen and all.

" Are all the items given, fairly to be charged to box-
hives ? " I suppose you mean charged to modern hives ? I
think I should be inclined to say " 'V'es " to this question, as
it would be hardly worth while to make the change at all to
movable-frame hives unless one expected to use rather more
enlightened methods than those usually in practice by own-
ers of box-hives. You say, " The items must be charged,
not to movable-frame hives but to improved methods of
bee-keeping." Well, for that matter the movable-frame
hives themselves should also be charged to " improved
methods of beekeeping."

In this locality it is almost a misnomer to call the farm-
ers bee-keepers, as they generally fail to keep them, losing
most if not all swarms, and little or no attention is paid to
bees, and little or no honey ever taken from them. I know
of a few " patent " bee-hives in use, none of which I would
accept as a gift, and several scattered box-hives, Thus, I
should be inclined to say that, barring the expense, which
I only stated as otie reason against modern hives, the nexe
main reason is that the farmers here do not give the time
neccessary to run an apiary successfully, and therefort
would be very little better off with all the latest modern
hives and appliances than they are with their old boxes.

I may add here, that for 8 or 9 years I had been desirous
of starting an apiary, but had been deterred by the initial
expense of modern hives and appliances ; and the first 5
modern hives that I ever bought were purchased quite un-
expectedly, and almost accidentally ! Augusta Co., Va.

Dr. Miller's Answers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal,
or to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

As to Answers by Mall.

Every now and then some correspondent asks a ques-
tion which he desires to have answered by mail instead of
having it answered in this department. ^ Sometimes he
seems to think his question is not of sufficient importance
to be answered in print, and so he will be satisfied with a
written answer. If the question is worth answering at all
it is worth answering here, for any one who pretends to
conduct a department of this kind ought to consider him-
self a fair target for any question on bee-culture not fully
answered in the bee-books, and he should be ready to
answer it here, if he can.

A larger number prefer a private answer because they
think they might get it in less time. That might or might
not be, for I am generally so crowded that a letter I am not
obliged to answer may be delayed some time, whereas it is
a matter of business to answer questions in this department
as promptly as possible, no matter how crowded I am. Even
if there is an abundance of leisure, it will easily be feeen
that if it would be right to answer one by mail it would be
right to answer all in the same way, and that would take a
good many days o* every year without pay for the work.

Another reason for answering here, is so that a number
can have the benefit of the answers, whereas an answer by
mail would be limited to an individual.

A letter before me gives, however, a reason differing
from all others. The writer says the answers in the Bee
Journal are uncertain and unsatisfactory, and so he wishes
a private answer. I see no reason why answers in this de-
partment should be less certain than those sent in a private
letter. As to their being unsatisfactory, I am painfully
conscious that such is the case sometimes, from the simple
fact that I don't know enough to answer them any better.
But what reason is there to suppose that any more satisfac-
tory answer would be sent in a private letter ? I am paid
for answering questions in this department, and would get

Dec. 31, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

839

nothing' for a private answer. Do people generally work
better when they work for nothing- than when they get pay
for their work ? No, whatever may be their defects, the
answers in this department are the very best I know how to
get up, and I couldn't improve them for private circulation.
But with study and practice I may improve ; and hope that
in the future this department will be a shade better than in
the past.

Send on your questions and I'll give you the best
answers I have in stock, but don't ask me to make an ex-
ception in your case as to the place for answering.

C. C. MlI^LBR.
#-.-^

Hives and Management for Comb Honey.

1. What consideration led you to change from the 10-
frame hive? This would have been a valuable point in
"Forty Years Among the Bees." Please give me this
answer as exhaustively as possible. I am running 150 colo-
nies for comb honey, and am ready to purchase that many
hives, hence the question above.

2. Do you use "double deckers " with all your colonies
up to the honey-flow 7

3. If you have but 8 frames of brood at the commence-
ment of the honey-flow, where is the advantage of " double
deckers" if the same amount can be secured in a 10-frame
hive ? I had 8 frames of brood in all my colonies at the
commencement of the flow. I fed 1200 pounds of sugar in
Doolittle feeders, however.

4. You speak of much swarming the season just past ; I
thought you practiced forced swarming, examining colonies
every 10 days for queen-cells. Well, how did you manage
swarming //;« season ? In your late work you speak of sev-
eral methods not yet tested. What is the method you de-
pend upon in the management of swarming ?

5. Is there any method superior to hiving or brushing
on 5 frames with starters ? In practicing this method the
past season, when white clover produced more pollen than
honey, I had several hundred sections spoiled by pollen and
brood, notwithstanding I used full sheets in sections. The
pollen in the sections was not always accompanied with
brood. Some of my finest cases of comb honey had pollen
exclusively, no brood at all. Comb-building was very slow
during a large period of the honey-flow.

6. In practicing forced swarming, I think the hatching
brood should be transferred to the forced swarm so gradu-
ally as will keep the forced swarm in about the same condi-
tion as the colony from which it issued would have been in,
had it had no inclination to swarm. The two drives, at in-
tervals of 10 days, will not accomplish this result. How
about shifting the parent colony every few days to the
right, left, rear, and top, till most of the hatching brood is
transferred from the parent colony to the forced swarm ?
How often should this shifting be done ? I have practiced
this to some extent this season, having scarcely a swarm
issue from the forced swarm, though swarming was "furi-
ous," having had 16 in the air one Lord's Day by 10 o'clock.

7. On the S-starter plan, I think the forced swarm, at
the close of the honey-flow, should be transferred to the
parent colony, which should have had just enough bees
left (with a young queen) to protect the combs. After dis-
posing of the old queen in a forced swarm, how should we
proceed so as to get the forced swarm back to the parent
colony, so as to have the brood and queen out of the five-
starter combs into the parent hive ?

8. As to the question of putting the second super above
or under the first, I will say from a pollen-and-brood-in-
sections standpoint, put the empty super above. I believe
that had I practiced the reverse this season I would have
had half of my supers with more or less pollen ; but even as
it was I had plenty of both in the sections, because the first
super had but full sheets instead of combs half filled with
honey.

9. In regard to wax-larva; injuring sections, I will say
that when the />/az« sections are packed in shipping-cases
without fumigation, the wax-larva? are about equal in some
instances to an uncapping-knife. I have seen the entire face
of a section uncapped almost completely. Would a tea-
spoonful of carbon-bisulphide poured into a shipping-case
after it is filled minus one section, then the missing section
replaced and the lid nailed on, be sufficient to destroy all
eggs and larvaj ? Does the bisulphide kill the eggs ?

10. How does it come about that while I have much
swarming, my neighbor, 50 yards away, has practically no
swarming among his blacks year after year, although they
are so crowded for room that they build comb on the outside

of the hive ? I bejieve it would pay to rear queens from his
stock for a non-swarming strain, or else ferret out the con-
ditions peculiar to him that begets such results.

11. How many cubic feet per colony is required in cel-
lar-wintering ? I am thinking of putting the bees indoors.

12. And now for wintering in southern Ohio : A gentle-
man conceived the idea of banking his colonies to the top of
the brood-chamber, and having packing on top of it. The
result after several years has been a uniformly splendid
wintering, so that colonies not protected would not compare
with them the following season for strength and profit.

13. I am surprised at your using the Hubbard press and
Daisy foundation-fastener, when the Rauchfuss is so supe-
rior. I can fold and foundation 3 sections per minute.

You will have to excuse me for the fusilade of questions,
suggestions to questions, etc., for I have been 20 years
among the bees, and have scarcely asked a question. No
wonder I am no further along. My crop was only 2 tons
from 100 colonies, with the prospect of feeding one ton of
sugar. Increased 50, however. Ohio.

Answers. — 1. I changed partly to be in fashion, partly
because hives and supers were lighter to handle, and that
bees might sooner finish up work in the smaller super. The
lOframe hives were not large enough at all times, and two
stories of 10 frames each were too large.

2. No, only where they are actually needed. Some
years few may be needed, some years many. So long as a
colony has plenty of room in 8 frames there's no use in giv-
ing more, but it's a draw-back to restrict them to 8 when
they need more.

3. By referring to my first answer you will see some ad-
vantages of 8 frames, even if 10 frames would hold all the
brood, as lightness of handling hives and supers, etc. To
some this matter of heavy or light handling is a small
thing; to others it is very important. 7/ you have but 8
frames of brood, never going beyond that, the case would
be difi'erent, but by giving two stories you will often go be-
yond the capacity of the 10 frames, having 11 to 14 frames
of brood.

4. As a matter of fact I don't depend upon anything, for
lack of something entirely dependable. The past season
watch was kept for queen-cells. If only eggs were found in
cells, they were destroyed, and some colonies were satisfied
to go through the whole season without getting any farther
than to have eggs in cells. Such colonies are likely to
give very satisfactory results. Some years a goodly num-
ber of colonies will not even go as far as to have eggs in
cells, but last season was so badly exceptional that I'm not
sure whether there were any of that kind. If upon the next
visit cells were found well-advanced, perhaps sealed, it was
pretty evident that the bees meant business, and would be
likely to swarm before the next round. Then perhaps a
swarm was sndken. Perhaps the queen was removed — killed
if not entirely satisfactory in every way, otherwise put in a
nucleus — and at the next round all cells were destroyed and
a queen given. If a young queen was given that had just
begun laying, no more attention was given to that colony
for the season ; if their own or any other old queen was
given, they were further watched. Sometimes, when in a
big hurry, cells were destroyed even when well advanced ;
and in that case the queen would likely turn up missing at
the next visit. A young laying queen was given in her
place and that colony counted settled for the season. I
think that covers most of the cases, for some other things
were tried on so small a scale as not to be worth relating.
You see, I'm not very thoroughly settled in the matter, and
perhaps never will be. It may be said in passing that as a
matter of course there were cases in which cells were started
for superseding instead of swarming, but one could not
easily tell, and the safer way was to consider all cells as
meant for swarming.

5. Shaking or brushing upon 5, or any other number of
frames, is in my judgment not to be compared with the plan
of having a colony go through the season without making
any preparation whatever for swarming. Neither does it
compare in results, I am afraid, with the plan of letting a
colony go queenless 10 days and then giving a queen that
has just begun to lay. //your large amount of pollen and
brood in the sections was due to the fact that 5 frames with
starters were given, then the plan of having a larger num-
ber of frames, or having them filled with foundation or
drawn combs, would be superior.

6. My plan of working involves an objectionable
amount of labor ; I'm afraid shifting frequently the old
hive would be still worse. I don't know just how it would
work, and I don't know how often the shifting should be

840

THE AMERICAN BEE JOLH«AU.

Dec. 31, 1903.

done. I _ gained about the same end in what seems to me a
more satisfactory way, with part of my shaken swarms.
Instead of giving- them empty frames, I gave them combs
that had been shaken from other colonies ten days pre-
viously, and made no second drive. That gave them
the increase of bees gradually and naturally, and I didn't
see but it worked just as well as to give empty combs.

7. If you mean you kept the forced swarm on five combs
throughout the season, I shouldn't expect good work in
supers. Allowing, however, that you had done so, your
question is simply one of uniting at the close of the season,
and I would unite the two as in any other case.

8. It is quite possible that where bees carry much pollen
into the sections there may be less carried into empty sec-
tions above than below, but that is a factor I have not had
to take into account, not being troubled with pollen in sec-
tions.

9. I can "see no reason why wax-larvK shou'd be any
worse in plain sections than in others. A teaspoonful of
carbon would be enough if confined, but would the case fit
close enough ? Both eggs and larva" are killed.

10. I don't know why the difference. Does he get as
much as you ? Possibly his bees are too lazy either to store
or swarm. Possibly there's something about your manage-
ment that favors swarming, and it is possible that one right
on the ground might discover the trouble— possibly not.

11. Something like 10. *

12. I see no reason why banking colonies should not be
a good thing, although it might be a little hard on the hives.

13. What one is accustomed to doing is likely to seem
best ; but if only 3 in a minute is your gait we would hardly
want to follow in this locality, as we more than double tha't
rate of speed.

So long as you ask questions in so intelligent a manner,
your questions will always be welcomed ; but don't you
think it will be better to have vour questions distributed
along through the years rather than to wait again till the
year 1923, and then send them all in a bunch 7

Our Bee-Hecpin§ Sisters |

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson. Marengo, 111.

The Lady Warwick College.

The British Bee Journal makes interesting mention of
the work of the Countess of Warwick, as follows : " To train
educated women in what belongs to the lighter side of agri-
culture—namely, dairy work, market gardening, poultry
farming, bee-keeping and fruit-growing— was the idea of
the Countess of Warwick, and was carried out by the found-
ing by her of the Reading Hostel in 1898."

So great was the success of the enterprise that larger
accommodations were needed, and for this purpose Studley
Castle, Warwickshire, was secured, and last October the
change was made, the name being changed from "Reading
Hostel " to " Lady Warwick College."

The building finely accommodates 60 students, the
grounds contain fruits and flowers, with 400 feet of glass,
and the country around seems well suited to bee-keeping.
Altogether it is a place where a young woman may be very
happy in preparing herself for an independent as well as a
useful life, that will allow her much of what is too often
denied to the weaker sex— the blessings of the open air.
Why could not some woman of wealth, on this side the
water, erect for herself a monument of the same kind ?

The British Bee Journal says: "There is no doubt
that many women would be able to undertake the work
taught at the college if they only knew how. Fruit-grow-
ing and bee-keeping must go together, and we know women
can be successful in these branches, because we have seen
some of the best results obtained by them."

Hatching- Eggs Over Bees.

Dkar Miss Wii^son :— You will excuse my bad writinc-
as you see I have lost one eye, and don't seem to get a glass
for the other one that I can see as I ought. You don't know

what an inconvenience it is, and I sincerely hope you never
will lose your eyes.

Can any sister, or any one else, give the year and num-
ber that had the article in it about hatching eggs over the
bees ? I was not interested in chickens at that time ; I read
it, but I don't remember how it was headed, so I fail to find
it. I have looked the indexes over of the past three years,
but fail to find it, not knowing what the heading was. I
remember it told how to prepare the nest and all. Perhaps
the sister "that was going to try it herself could tell. Of
course, she read it, too, or she would not have tried it.
There are a number of sisters that I am anxious to hear
how they succeeded. I hope they will let us know soon
their success.

I will tell, as soon as I get time, about my bees, but I
have been so busy taking care of my crops and making a
chicken yard and house, and fixing my pigeons' place, that
I could not take the time to make a report. And losing my
right eye I can not write at night, but I hope to have time
before long. Mrs. Sarah J. Griffith.

Cumberland Co., N. J., Oct. 26.

It may be well not to expect too much from using bees
instead of biddies for hatching chickens. If any of the
sisters — or, for that matter, any of the brothers — have tried
it, will they kindly report whether it was a success or a
failure.

Mild Weather With Good Sleighing.

The American Bee Journal comes to us as a weekly
visitor to relieve the monotony of tlie winter hibernating.
I enjoyed that trip to Los Angeles, as told in the Journal.
I have tried putting in practice some of the many pointers
in the Journal. With what degree of success, next summer
will tell better.

I have three new queens — Mrs. York, Mrs. Davis, and
Mrs. Doolittle. "Children" all look alike. Shouldn't
think the mothers could tell them apart. I can't.

We are having very steady mild winter weather, with
beautiful sleighing. Mrs. D. W. Brown.

Erie Co., Pa., Dec. 10.

You say the children all look alike, and seem to think
that on that account the mothers can't tell them apart.
Perhaps the mothers don't depend at all upon looks, but
upon the odor. Do you suppose the mothers have names for
all the children ?

Why Not Help a Little— both your neighbor bee-keep-
ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending to us the
names and addresses of such as you may know do not now
get this journal ? We will be glad to send them sample
copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper,
and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of
success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe,
send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of
the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for
such effort.

* » »

" The Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree Bloom " is
the name of the finest bee-keeper's song — words by Hon-
Eugene Secor and music by Dr. C. C. Miller. This is
thought by some to be the best bee-song yet written by Mr.
Secor and Dr. Miller. It is, indeed, a " hummer." We can
furnish a single copy of it postpaid, for 10 cents, or 3 copies
for 25 cents. Or, we will mail a half-dozen copies of it for
sending us one new yearly subscription to the American
Bee Journal at $1.00.

Please send us Names of Bee=Keepers who do not now

get the American Bee Journal, and we will send them sam-
ple copies. Then you can very likely afterwaM get them
subscriptions, for which work we offer valuable premiums
in nearly every number of this journal. You can aid much
by sending in the names and addresses when writing us on
other matters.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is
a bee-keeper's handbook of 138 pages, which is just what
our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and
neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00 ; or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Dec. 31, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

341

Index to Vohiffle XLIll.

S'CJBJECTS.

Abdomenlew bees ^t

Absconding bees 168,249, 318

Absorbent coTeHnu for bees ISS

Acrjisstbe Mediterranean J5S

Adel bees "28

Adulteration of honey 5S4, 806, H22

AdyertislDK honey 643, 7-'3

Advice to bee-keepers 231

Alcoholic drinks with honey 803

After swarming 153, 281,371,457, 569

Age of Dees ^ '"5

Alfallft. 67, 89, 94, 211, 215, 296, 313, 317. 318, 326,

345, 393, 395, 410, 460, 484, 505, 556, 682 702

Alfalfa pest ""

Alslke clover

Amateur bee-booh

Amountof honey gathered by a bee 568, (

Annual crop of honey '

Ants and bees 301, 409,431,443,585, :

Ants and clippt-d queens 25, :

Apiarian errors •

Apiarian exhibit at St. Louis :

Apiarian statistics

Apiary garments..

....234,340,381, 766

Apicultural suggestions

Apiculture in Germany Ts, United States.

Aplfuge super- clearer

Apple-blossom honey

Arranging hives for certain space

ArtlUcial pollen

Aster 667,

Associations of bee-keepers

August bees the next spring .

Bacillus alvel and mesentericuo 61, 519

Bacteria for plant growth .iiv.;;;,' frJ

Bait-sections .... 90,131.262,312, 516

Balled queens. .73. 275, 281, 414, 537, 563, 651, 682, 707

Banana sandwiches 697

Barb's (J. 8.) apiary ••••• 84

Basswood for hives and brood-frames — 31, 634, 763

Basswood growing 183.186,217,280,285, 467

Basswood honey 36, 40

Bay View ReadlngClnb •■••• 697

Bears in the apiary 661, 68-

Beauty and goodness a span 57

Bee-ce™ars'.\\\\\\\\\'87,'Vt4,'29i,"313,'357;428",'552, 653

Bee-escapes 28, 121,603, 6.9

Bee-flights in winter 23j

Bee-hat... 797

Bee-houses 'o»

Ree-keepers and printers'-ink 4J7

Bee-keeping family

Bee-keeping for women.

Bee-Keepikq in—

Alabama

Arizona

Arkan

, 580

... 766

... 667

„,.„...„„ ••• 538

AsE'varieyiutah....'. 548

S:lfJ?!J.S!:^°:'!°:v;..-;.\vi;9s;ii6;5i7j49;756;IS^

Cuba

Floridt

...12,77,204, 323

Florida *M ^^2

Germany ^i'> ===

lovi

Nevada...'.'.'.' f"*

^^^"^^:^.::::::::::::::::::::::::::r:^^i^.^

South .. • 83, 88

Texas 140,348,549.615,650,714, 809

Washington 46,58, 110, 174, 187

■Wisconsin ' "Bd

Bee-paralysis. .325, 331,362, 378, 404, 531, 535, 649,

650,732.748 ■•• "61

Bee-pasturage— sowing for v;-oa2' ^?T

Bees and fruit 54, 3U», 771

Bees as messengers ^'

Bees carrying down comb honey ^»

Bees carrying pollen.

Black lizards and beea ^

Blacks vs. Italians <

Blina Sister's report *

Blue thistle ■•••• '

Bologna-sausage honey-pacKBge 211, .

Bottling honey ••■• ■

Bottom-boards 215, !

Bottom starters In soctlono 88, ;

Box-hives ;i'„'i'„' .

Box-hives va. modern hives 750,792, J

Box-hives vs. straw skeps ;

nbs..

25, 131, 794

Brood-Chamber crowded with honey..

Brood-chamber- -size of

Brood clear to top. bars

Brood-ciimbs

Brood— taking care of It

Brothers go a-beeing ^'•^

Brushed swarms 55S

Brushing bees off combs l-i;

Brillianline for the hair l"2, 247

Brood-frames v 422.574,770, 8i'4

Bruod-rearlng in Cuba 428

Buckwheat cakes and honey 'uH

Bulk honey 86, 1 15, 138, 259, 319, 442, 558, 631 ,

Buncheti swarms *|5

Calilornia^ational Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion ■

California Welcome (poem)

Canadian Rxperlmenlal Bee-Farm

Canadian Honey Exchange

Canadian honey harvest •■•

Candy for queen-cages inWii'

Candy for winter feeding 26, 154,

Cans vs. barrels for honey

Capping honey... ■•■••

Cappings gnawed •'•'■^i

!0f 1

obs.

Carniolan bees 201,698,728,747,

Carniolan-ltalian bees 140, 233,382,

Carpenters (A. B.) apiary

Carpet-grass .■•■■u" V.V

Carrying down honey in the fall....

Carrying drawn-out sections by rail

Castor-oil andhoney

Catalina Island. Calif

Catnip and catnip honey 43, 59, 121, 186,205,

281.382,716,765 ;" '^^'V;.'

Cellar-Wintering ol bees 43, 69, 158, 285, 341,

590..

Central honey-producer's exchange..............

Cbair-hives 89, 213, 31 J,

Chamberlin's (C. C.) apiary

Changing queens in the fall

Clianging supers

Chapped hands remedy

Chicago hotel and bees v.'.vxv.,* i

Chunk honey 85,115,138,259.319,442,638, '

Citrus Fruit Exchange i

Cleaning smokers ,

Cifppmg queens' 'wings!! '.'..'42! 69,75, 115, 195,203,

217,359,487,572 649,827 <

Cloth over Irames ;

Clovers !■.•-• '.

CO. D. by mail.

) star

Colonies killing its bees...

Colorado Honey Producers' Association

cSmbfJuX^to'n'.".'..!V7.'54,'i22.'369','383','45'r,'5i5.

Comb foumiation in sections

Comb foundation separator

Comb-honey management.

Comb honey or extracted honey 7..

....122, 729. 839

Be?-shed"..°...:.:.. 42,332,795

Bees humming in cellar „10

Bll-'smoVe?S.".'!". .'is; '^'is: 372,'4i2','444','45^i',-484; 488
Best bees 138. 153,347.619, 781

Bee-Stealing in Denver iio .;«••«,■;■ kbr

Bee-stlngs ^- 1?a 5^' SU' «kt

Bee-sting remedies...... 27, 138. 4M, 5^7, 667

Bee-stings for rheumatism 53b, 557, bM

Bees under glass in April ■^33

illl^x." .'.':°297','3->3','483,'5M;'68i;'683,'692'.'7i9; 823

Bees working in a tent 5i

Bee-tent ■ ••; '"J

Bee-terms-correct use of •■••■ ^^9

Beet or cane sugar... ■'9». J?,»

Bee-tree property of the land-owner "-.o

Bee-veils f}.^

Bee-wav and plain sections J"!.

Beginners in Dee keeping •■■•■ ^^2

Beginning with bees 3"i»i *-'

Big honey harvest expected '*"

BIOORAPHICAI^—

Austin. H.W 372

Dittmer. Gus..^ 5J'

Hyde.Homer H ™

Lewis. George B %"\l

Muth. Fred W ''-

Pettit, Morley iji

Ponder. Walter S "'

SmIth.J.Q JS

Toepperwein. Udo """

Black bees vs. Italians ■- i^

Black brood ?6, 75»

Comb vs. extracted honey 58,521, 549,

Combs vs foundation

Conaning bees for shipment...
Convention exhibits

Convention reports—

.3-28,340, 442

Arkansas Valley, Kans

Business Association (Tex.)

California V-;V.i'ar

Chicago-Northwestern 373,381,

District (Ont )

Elgin Co.. Out

NSS'!*!!!!!!!!::::;:":::::i;"2i;507;'7i4,8O5;

Northern Michigan

Northeastern Wisconsin

North Texas

Obit

174, (

Texas 533,598.

Vormont

Wilson Co., Tex

Wisconsin .- ••;,-

Worcester Co., Mass U".

Convention seapon

Controlling fertilization o'':.-C.>.iB........-------

Co-operation amor;;; •.ae-Keepers....2i4. 253, 2»1.

325 373 ■J..ii,4W, ."..'.2.597, 613,643, 607

Co-opp'-..non among fruit-growers 422,

Cor'-. lor winter packing

Cost of bee-supplies 6'^-'

I otton as a honey-plan t

Coverless colony rained on

,314

Crooked combs 154,

Cross bees and light clothing 485,

Crossing bees... 732, 778, 810

Cross Italian boes 58, 761

Cuban honey competition 227

Cuban honey In the spring 329

I uttlng foundation with electric wires 686

Cutting out queen-celhl 168,551,665,713

Cyprian bees 778

Damp cellar 153

DanienDaker blves 384

Dead bees on cellar floor >2U

Deadbroi.d .J*

Deaf lad and bees «l

Dealer's rights »*'

Death Notices—
Barber, Mrs. A. J..
Gallup. K

m»

as9

NebeC'john. '.!!'.....■.'. •,•"• ?31

Newman. Thomas 0 178, 194

Rambler. (J. H. Martin) „68

Thellmann.Mrs 290

Toucbton, Rufus 404

Debtof all toall.

. 537

Demand for honey varying 280

Desertion of forced swarms «»

Destroying queen-cells to prevent swarm InR.... 547

Destroying queens

Difference in bee-keepers..

, 659

ijiueicuv.1- >,, ...... ...-..,,»

Difference In bees S*), sw

Difference in honey .74/

•• Disappearing trick" ■»

Disease germs..... »»

Distance bees gather... «'J

Dividing an apiary between two localities 355

Dividing for iScrease 26, 78, 280, 372. 878, 443, 601

Division-boards 505, 521

Doing things on time 487

Dont invite trouble i™"2i9 tei

Drawn combs... 138,249, Sbl

Drawn-out combs...... iVa'i^' on?

Dress for women bee-keepers 216,520, 60S

Driving bees : 520

Drnne-brood in extracting supers 457

ofSne comb and brood 106,249,297,347.361.

377 537 - *• 810

Drone-'excrudlngzinc.. ••••• 778

Ttri.np-lavine in queenless colony 296, 698

Drones. .. .19.5, 246, 345, 471, 586, 723, 755, 777, 838

Drone-traps ■ ■ 553

Dropping the "ee-paperin winter.. ............. 25

Drowning queens 54J, 550, d5U, obo, ioi% oikj

Duty on honey to Canada 131

Easy bee-ke6ping..

^.^ ... ^v..jbs... 515' 585

Kiuptyimi bar'relB of granulated boney. S23

Enameled cloth ^Jg

Entrance guards ...................... ****

Ephesil

Eucalyptu

Excluder zinc J"»

Fxfreraents of bees bo7

Experience with bees. . . .8, 504, 540, 574, 806, 632,

635,807 "''■"'

Extra combs for winter

Extracted honey — . • g^^

Extracting combs ^ifZ'^J'o??' S-?

Extracting-frames \.iti. mi\. ^aa. ««..

Extracting from sections.

Extracting honey 43, 3

Exiracting sections 'oia'^V „.,,

Extracting-supers 228, 6bd. o»o

li'.r,,..ii.tf.ra 1^^

138,201,233, 682
, 611

43, B'S, 218, 358, 521, 538, 585, 663

, 330

KaTlVnt'rod''uVtlonof queens 73

Famine-stricken swarm J^f

Farm bee-keeping. k'r'ina iSt

Fastening foundation 57,108, 13B

Feces in the hive .. .JU

Feeding back extracted boney .•■■• *»J

Feeding back to produ e comb honey 469, 618

Feeding Dees .45. 53, 78, 89, 90, 136, 137, 139. 153,

*^ 154 20l! 202, ;J17 218, 231,236,246,249.266,

278 '97 298 326, 329, 331.335,344,346,348,

^•M TO. 377 411, 505, 549.569,584,585,619.

864,' 698; 739, 763, 778, 783 ^. 823

Feeding glucose •.■J" •■,•"■■ T«5

Feeding honey from dead colony 168

Feeding meal in spring 'iiViiV ?n?

I.v.iilinc Queens 443,467, 567

FlediSgs.ufor tainted honey 181,265, 266

Fence-rail colony ^1

FertltizaUon of queens In co'nflijement "^'798

Filberts 'xS

Filling shipping-cases »»

Filling syrup in combs mV'm'eis 71-t

Findingqueens 501,507,618, (l*

Fisher's ( V. H ) apiary ....-•. «?

Flies and mosquitoes-getting nd of .. 50.i

Flights for cellared bees ',27

Floral bacteria ju'

Foot-path to peace j^J

For JeTs w1i7m^'g.\\' .'sf. '55,' ■ 61 V ei" '67; Vtii; V23;
Forced swarmmg.^.^^D ^^^^ ^^^_ ^^^ ^^ ^,, g^^_

■im *■"> 4:i',i; 4.53. 469. 4-<«, 507. 5.14 598

For'iu'a'lin or formaldehyde and .foul. brood..218,

3-J9. 364, 403, 435. 595, 659, 666,

393.
618,

773, 776. 7SI4. HUi).
Foul brood Inspector..
Foul brood legislation

Foul-broody hives

Four-piece section

. 584

Foundation In sections— amount of

Frames— depth of, etc

Frothy honey

Fumigating honey

Furniture polish ;;:•■

Future of bee-keeping »7»

Future of sections °^'

263,297,346, 783

842

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

Oallee'B (Peter) apiary 162

Qallup's (.Dr.) bees Rood ones 6' 5

Galvanized-iron honey-tank 106

Gasoline ns a motor 115

Getting bees from trees, roofs, eto 169,249,

51U, 551,568, 60 '.618 634

Getting bees out of sections or off combs 467,

585 .. 761

Getting people to use honey 5u4

Gettin-i pollen out of combs 296, 39n

Getting ready for the next season '.v.i

Getting rich in the bee-business i :;4

Ginseng and bees ,44, ■!(;, Tc

Giving bees a flight -:;7

Giving extra supers r»7i

Giving frames of brood :ii>7

Glucose— feeding bees 453

Glycerine candy for queens G6,t

Gnawing foundation „,.,.... 53h

Goldenrud 810, 8I3

"Good" candy— recipe for 138. l'3h

Good honey crop 44 >

Grading honey «7, h3.->

Grand Canyon of the Colorado .612, (.i7T

Granulated com-suttar feeding l'hl;

Granulated honey for the market l'5. 4Sft

Granulated honey in extracting-combs I -'•4

Granulation of boney :i6, 307, 788, J-ii"

Grass for confining moved bees ) u>

Green'8(Wm W.) apiary 162

Growingtlmber 1q Germany 327

Hatching eggs c ,

Hat-pin aud bees

Hat-swarm of bees ,

Heddon patent expired ,

He hurt himself

Helping a colony with other brood.,

Heredity in bees

He understood him

Hickory smoke ajid fool brood

Hive-covers 275,362.493.

505,681 '

Hive-roofB '

Hives 43, 60, 118, 121, 122, 153. Ifi6. 1H9, 182.

185, 218, 247. 342, 347. 357, 44 2, 485. 552, 566,

666, 728, 778, 794,797,823 f

Hlves-Btands :

Hlve-stapIes '

Hives where bees died ;

Hiving8warms....232, 317, 361.410. 456, 551,555,

Honey and fried bacon 334^ 442

Honey at agricultural fairs 14

Honey-barrels 163, 317

, Honey -bees— use and abuse of 822

Honey-boards 94,233. 34"

Honey-cakes 5(5h

Honey candying in unfinished sections 169

Honey-cans— large openings for 675. 744

Honey exhibits

Honey-extractor— rapidity of

Honey lor a couch 41, 200, '

Honey for rheumatism.
Honey for sick animals ..
Honey for tired eyes

Honey in cartons

Honey in the United Stales , .
Honey-knife— how to handle
Honey less hees in the fall ..,

Honey-muffins

Honey, not increase, wanted

Honey-plants

Honey-prices

Honey sensitive to odors

Honey-shows

Honey superior to sugar as a food,
Honey-tree story

,712,739,794. 809

....548,566,666, 739

1 wanted 541, 6.5o

Horizontal Ijar in brood-frame

Horses and bees

Hot knife in extracting

Husking bees ,

Hybrids of plants or animals .
Hybrids or Italians

Ignorance about bees and honey 259, *

Illinois foul-brood law 163.264, 308,324, :

Imports of honey and beeswax 243, ;

Improving bee-pasture •

Improving of bees 55, 211, 489, '

Income per colony

Indigo for stings ,

Increase and not honey ;

Increase of colonies.. 42. 74. ^ < ' i ; i' ', ]>^5,

201, 2.W, 28(1, 281. 346. :.7; l^ . , - -. ,"..SU.
714, 727. 779. 7 H f

lion of bee-cultur

tn.diHMi^ qu.'Oiis....73, 77, 8."». 94, 19.5.201,323,
3^9, 3KS. 4M3, 521. 538, 542.557,602.621,635,
♦i52. Hfi5, 666, 682, 746, 750, 787, 827 •

-apiarian swi

Italians vs. blacks

Jack-knife a good apiary tool.

Jeurs' (R.II.) ap'ary

'oining the great ronjorlty....

.'.38,698, 729

Keeping bees m a house-room "49

Keeping bees— now, why and what for?... ".'.'.' 4-^5

Keeping bees in city OQ'^ 437

Keeping bees on shares ~ 89

Keeping bees with a baby .". 455

Keeping comb foundation 5H6

Keepmg comb honey in winter 747

Keeping down increase 250

Keeping empty combs .'.'.".'.'.'sis, 794

Keeping honey 634

Keeping queens '.'. y. '.'.'. '.90,' ieS, 297

Keeping swarming colonies strong 473

Keeping wax-worms out of honey 553

Keep your colonies strorig 819

Kilfitore'rt (A. J.) apiary 308

Killingbees-how to avoid 547

Killing grass with blue vitriol ' 649

Kingbirds and bees 35, 395

840

Langstroth a Presbyte

Large yields

Late drones

Late Hights for cellar-wintered bees. '

Late introduction

Late-reared queens '.

Late strawberries

Laws on bee-diseases

"Laying babif'of ii

Laying in queen-cells.

Laying of queens

Laying workers 163, 195,297,340,377. -

Lazy bees 1^5 r

Let your light shin

Leveling hives

Life of bees

Life's little things

Light in supers

Ligf.t in the bee-cellar

Liglit-weieht CHses and sections

Linden yield per colony

Liquefying honey

Literature of bee-keeping

Littlequ

Lizards and insects that fool bees .'.*..'.'.'.*.'.*.'

Locality and size of hives

Location in bees— sense of

Location for bees loe, i54V579.

.182,277, 343

Loss of queens.,

Lovers of honey-comb .' ...'. ■

Lumber for hives and other supplies. .....„'.".'."^ ;

Mailing queens 419 (

Making dark honev light ' •

Making hives " '",' {^q .-

Malt extract as a source of sugar ]

Managementof bees.57, 69, 111, 122. 138,'284"3i5 ',

Marble-cake honey ' >

Marketing honey 3, 5. 30, 36. 38,1 18, 282! 595!

«29. 718, 723.739 • *'-^. ^

Market reports

Mating of queens '.','.'.' •'34 425* '

Melting honey out of wax ". ' ' •.

Mice— bees embalming c

Mice in bee-cellars oq

Mixing various neciars '

Mix-up of swarms orV '.

Moisture in bee-cellars " '

Moldy combs

Monkey-wrench story <

Moral principles that endure •

Motherwort ,

Moths and moth-balls in bives..483, 52V, 662*, eis' :

Moving bees 9, 10.87. 90,99, lis, ne, 139, lae

216, 232, 234, 254, 371 394, 437,443.456.488

.^39, K18, 634, 665, 698 ^^^-^^^^

Mulberries for bees , .. ^

Mustard .

Name and address 50

National Association.. .20, 38, 51,84', 99." Y66! '465'

468.595.659,75.5.787.......!........ *-^-**'-^' g^^

National Association and marketinghoney!!' ' 3

National honey-exchange 19,22 id-' 118 18'

New and old things in beedom ' "' 7^

New bee-diseases 3.13

New queens -crediting fairly. . %

Newspaper bee-lore 775

Non-batching eggs ., . .^55

Non-swarming bees 445. 4.^6, 666, 76*1'. .s'lo

.451, 474

Non-swarming chi
Nuclei— formation ,
Nuclei shipping . . ,

Nuclei vs. full colonies ~^^

Nucleus method of increase -Mn

Nucleusqueens ^40

Numbering queens ■149

Number of bees in a colony ^94

Number of bees used up in a pound of iionej..'. 68I

Number of brood-frames for comb honey 804

Nnmber of colonies for one man 4->i 553

Number of supers per colony 779

Nurse-bees-influence of 55', 330

Old vs. new htv

Olives .",52

Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association .'.'.*.*. " 4

Ontario Honey Exchange 87

Open-air colony 105

Orange-I.lnnm h..r,-v ^^^

Ordt*nii;j .(iMMMr 1.).)

orde,:. _ u,., ,, , :,, ■::::::::: 5T5

Ort-'ar«'/'ii . ., . ■ , , ■...,.,,, ,-. ,,,, ,;■-. -J73, 375

Packages for bulk honey j

Packing bees for winter (

Painting hives 86, 218, 233, 266, 331, (

Paper bags for honey ...211. :

Paper for wintering •

Paraffin and wax £

Paraffln-coated material— bees gnawing through

Paraffin for shipping-cases

Parthenogenesis 4

Partrid ge-pea t

Paste for labels s

Pear-blight and bees 23,77,89, 135,243, 4

"Pelloncillas" i ;

Pencilariaanew feed ■

Phacelia ■ 10,291,307,484, i

Pickled brood 228, 276,330, '

Piling up hives of bees for winter

Pine for hives ^(

Piping of queens ;

Placing hives 195, 4

Planiingfor bee-pasture £

Plucky Cuban bee-keeper

Pollen— bees carrying 83, 196, 202, 2

Pollen in combs 54,

Pollen in sections and combs 169, t

Pollen supply 2

Pollination and bees 229, £

Poor honey crops s

Poor man and capitalist ]

Porous covering lor hives l

Portico hives and with sliding screens 1

Poultry and bees ... 7

Pounds of honey to one of wax S

Preparing honey for shipping.,

Present needs of bee-keepers :

Preventing bees from flying ;

Prevention of granulation 89,443,665, '

Prevention of increase or swarming 15, 124,

1.-.3, 189. 245, 279, 314, 536, 557, 569, 580. 717.... r

Price of hives ^

Prices and profits in bee-keeping '

Pri me swarras

Problems of bee-keeping

Producer's name on huney 83. 151, 180,220,

313,447 !

Progress in bee-keeping

Prolific queens

Propolis— cleaning of hands.... 211, 283, 377, 403,

4iifi, fi75,728 i

Propolisin 90, :

Propolis on fence separators

Propolis on foundation i

Proportion of honej" to wax.

ifying beeswax.

Purifying extracted honey

Putting bees out of cellar early

Putting on sections or supers. .297, 355, 443, 499,

571,573.585,634

Putting up honey for retailing

Queen and her treatment

Queen— behavior at difl'erent ages .

Queen caged long . ,

Queen-cagea smashed in the mails.,

, 627

. 467
. 403

Queen-cells 403,

Queen-cells— fastening on combs

Queen-cells in February

Queen-cells start in full colonies

Queen-excluders 69, 442,473,

Queen-larvse food

Queen-larvae— temperature of

Queen laying in January

Queen in supers

Queenless bees carrying pollen

Queenless colonies 55, 266, 331. 363, 394, 456,

474. 552. 569. 585

Queen-nurseries

Queen passing through zinc

Queen questions , 585,

Queen-rearing. . . .7. 24, 40. 42, 60. 99, 130, 136, 169,
173, 198, 204, 221, 230, 266,279,295.310,314,
365, .381, 440, 504. 525. 567,664,762

Queen-right colonies 282, 500,

Queens dead on alighting-board

Queens getting through excluder

Queens injured by sudden cessation of laying-
are they ?

Queens laying in queen-cells

Queens lost in hives

Queens or laying workers

Queens— replacing

Queen's retinue

Queen the soul of colony

Quilts for bees 340,362.

Quotingthe honey-market

Rape 234, 282, '.

Raspberries '

Read all the bee-papers :

Reading bee books and papers i

Reading in winter

Rearingqueen8....7,24,56, 72, 92, 119,121,150,
186, ISO. 233, 234. 250, 277, 33' *, 343, 346, 359,
37.5, 386, 407, 419, 443, 472,475,485,488,521,

538, 553, 569, 571. 601, 603,663.729 ',

Red bees i

Red clover bees 443, 666, ';

Red clover leaves- working on *.

Reducing number of colonies (

Reliquefying honey 87, 105, ;

Reminiscences of bee-keepers and bee-keeping

693. 709 '

Removing honey from brood I

Removing pollen f,rom combe *

Removing f-upers of honey 585, (

, 586
. 394
606

Req ueening colonies

Retailing basswood honey

Returning swarms 69,

Rheumatism from bee-stings

Right tt> a locality

Ripening honey 122

Robber-bees and robbing 38. 44. 156.249,302,

:i58, 378. 393. 500 798

Robber-Cloth 483

Rosemary cure for foul brood 682

Rubber stamp for bee-keepers 215

S.-infoin 309,446

Salt,ind lime for bees 755

Sampling incoming nectar 227

Dec. 31, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

843

Scii

i^courene.

Screens for ftpiarles

Sealed covers in winter

Second-BWHrraa

Section-cases under tbe bive .

Section frame

Section-honey

Select colonies for breedinK...

Self-IitvlnK (if Hwarms

Self-spaeinK frames 435, 446, (

SellinK extracted honey

Separaitne swarms I

Separators 766, i

Shade for hives. . . .9, 56. 76. 123, 234, 347, 36-J. 552,

762 '

Shaken or forced swarms... 0, '24, 43, 58, 99,
IIS. 130, 137. 139. 147, 152. 153. 183, 201, 205»
232, 251. 280. S09. 318, 323,341,357.407,426,
471, 548 J

SbabinK queens off combs 585, (

Shallow extract! nK- frames <

ShlppInK bees <

Shippinc bees to Cuba

Stiipping-caseii :

Shipping iioney 07, 579. t

Shipping queens i

Shoestring as a honey-plant 1

Shower-Krasa

Sing a song ipoem i

Single-blesseaness

Sisters across the sea

Size of bees

Smelter smoke and bees

Smoker-fuel 8, 59, 76, 86, 120. 298. 590, (

f>;>7 .

Smoking boPS 73,499,720,824, )■

Smoking hives at the entrance 707, 1

" Snipper ■' among bee-keepers

Snow and sunshine ;

Solar wax-extractor ;

Solitary bees

Southern hon*-

Sowingforbees 77,366, »

Spacing brood-frames. .• 10, !

Space over brood-frames

Space over sections 228, :

Sparing the pests

Spider-plant (

Spotting clothes.,

Spraying fruit-trees and bees. ..,124, 190,196,227,

249.653 e

Spreading brood 396, 4

Spring demand for bees t

Spring dwino ling, i

Spring feeding.. .202. 218, 232. 254. 298, 328, 344,

360.411.442, 454,4.55,455.518 f

Sprins management of bees 53,69, 149, 184,

264,295 :

Spring packing of bees

Square or tall sections ]

Staples for fastening hive-bodies i

Starters i foundation ) or full sheets in sections

S8. 217, 21H, 53S, 574. 584 f

Starting in bee-keeping 167, 682, ■;

Starting queens in upper story i

Statistics— gathering 99, 275 4

Steady subscriber.... ]

Sticking frames together 1

Stimulative feeding ]

Stiriging a mark ;

Stinging bright objects ;

Stingiess bees ]

Stores for winter

Storing in glass jars.. f

Stove-blacking 1

Straining wax £

Stray swarms i

Strong colonies for wintering f

Strong in bees but short in stores t

Sugar-beet may suoplant e

Sugar candy for winter stores 775. "3

Sugar consumption in the U.S 13, 1

Sugar for bees ;

Sueifestions to writers 1

Sulphuric acid for cleaning beeswax €

Sumac 4

Sunflowers i

Supers 1

Supers— where to add extra 4

Swarming. ..37. 55. 60, 69, 165. 168, 1«4, 232. 233,
245, 279. 2M1, 314, 315. 325. 331. 346. 362. 371.
377, 412, 415. 442. 470, 472, 521. 536, 551, 5.57,
5.58, 5fi3. 5Hn. 598, 602. 603, 633, 634, 635, 637,

655, 659. 665. 681. 729. 732, 810 S

Swarming out in winter 1

Swarm— what is a

Swarms with clipped queens

Swarm with queen-cell <

Sweet clover.... 43, 58. 71. 74. 106, 154, lb6, 234,

251, 515. 69H, 7U2, 713, 745. 8l0 (

Sweet clover honey 506, ;

Sweetening fruits with honey :

" Sweeter than honey " :

Sweet tooth of Uncle Sam 654, ";

Swiss honey - i

Taking bees from cellar 169, 179, 218, 253,

2X5. 2i>«. 340 '.

Taking out bees and returning to cellar 99, ;

Taking off sections 499, 520. i

Tall sections t

Tarred paper for wintering. .

Ki and granulation of boney 174

1 syr

Tart a
Tartar

Taxins

tfor bee-wor£ ISO, ':

Testing barrels '

Testing honey l

Testing seeds 4

Texas Experiment Station i

Texas Honey-Producers' Association '

Text-bonks on bee-cuUure -•• ^

Thermometer for bee-cellars

Thought it was a bee .

Three or Ave banded bees fi82

Tiering up supers RI4

Tired eyelids— honey for 137

Transferring bees 58,90, 139,154, 168, 185,

202. 21H. 233. 234, 249, 326, 346, 363, 376, 409,

427. 474. 5<..5, 552, 682, 747 '

Transferring larva) :

Tree-planting and reforesting 760. i

Trouble ovi^r a bee-tree :

Two-pound sections •

Two queens in hive i

J34, 236, 250, 262, 269,312, 327, 345,

3fi2, 3K>, 541 '

Uniting bees 53, 217, 260, 296. 297. 314. 361.

429. 439, 552. .'.ft5, 602, 682, 715, 763, 765 !

Unproti table colonies '

(Tnripe extracted honey '

Unscrewing honey-can tops ;

Untested and tested queens 73, i

Uses of honey i

Value of breeding or other stock 312

Valueof foods 67

Value of purchased queen 435

Ventilating hives ... 488. 537, 707. 810

Vetch for bees 586

Vicious bees 3, 339

Virgin queens 168, 169,195. 323. 467. 651" ""

Water for bees 167, 280, 377,^

Water in honey 86,200,318,682. »

Watering-places 231, :

Watery sections of honey 339, ■;

Wax-cakes ;

Wax-extractors and wax-rendering 200, 249, ;

Wax-moths '

Wax-presses

Wax-production

.247,313, 807

Weight of extracted honey)

Wells (G. H.i apiary

Wetting sections for folding ....

What and bow to read

Whitening the skin— lotion for.,

White pine for hives

White's (Franks address l

White'sCIass Advtg. Co ;

Why I am a bee-keeper

Wild bees 197. ;

-Wild cucumber

Wintering bees. ...26, 28, 38, 43, 99.217.219,
271, 281. 357. 381, 405, 408, 421,5R6.618, 619,
634, 650, 66.5,666,682,714,715,718 ',

Winter stores— consumption of 248, 666, 702,

715.

Winter tern perature of bees

Wired combs for starters '

Wire in comb honey !

Wiring foundation 54, :

Wiring frames 202.218. (

Women carpenters to the front l

Wonderful honey-district :;

Worker-bees l

Worker-comb building -i

Working bees with few-visits :

Working on different flowers *

Worth of queen as a starter ;

Writing up honey ^

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Alfalfa plants 212

Alley, Henry 243

Apiary and family of Louis Meyer, Sr 705

Apiary among spring flowers rS5

Apiary and home of E. H. Beardsley 17

Apiary and home of J. P. Ivy 130

Apiary in mesquite grove 7Xb

Apiary of J. S. Barb 81

Apiary of George Brown 33

Apiary of A. B. Carpenter 25S

Apiary of C. C. Chaiciberlin 337

Apiary of S. T. Crim 705

Apiary of W. C. Evans 257

Apiary of C. A. Fairbanks 705

Apiary of V. H. Fisher 66

Apiary of Peter Fleming 705

Apiary of Peter Gallee ■ 161

Apiary of A. J. Kilgore 305

Apiary of Wm. W.Green 161

Apiary of F. W. Hall 1

Apiary of It. II. Jeurs Sin

Apiary of A. H. Klick ._ 417

Apiary of C. Lindblom .' OS

Apiary of S. A. Matson 705

Apiary of W. J. McCarroU 7i6

Apiary of L. C. Medkiff 241

Apiary of M. H. Mendleson 754

Apiary of E. A. Miller 257

Apiary of M. Sparks 4411

Apiary of N. Staininger 114

Apiary of A. W. Swan "05

Apiary of C. W. Virgin 161

• Apiary of J. A. Watkins 49

Apiary or G. H. Wells 161

Apiary of .John Witt 545

Apiary of F. L. Youngman 609

Armstrong, James 193

Atkins (Frank W.) and hat swarm 337

Austin, Hon. H. W 872

Barber, Mrs. A. J 321

Bingham honey-knife 712

Bingham, T. F 713

Blanchard's Music Hall 465

Brodbeck, Geo. W 593

Burro and rider 1

California home 676

California view 689

Car-load of bee-keepers 673

(.larver (Tom) and apiary 337

Central City, Colo 1

Chanting before Kisi .' 385

Chrysler, \V. A 193

Cook, Prof. A. J 597

Corn-carrier 385

Couse, Wm 225

Cowan, Thos. Wm 513

Dadant, C. P jP

Darling, J. K »5

Dittmer, Gus 817

Emigh, Martin 225

Evans, J. D 257

Extracting sections— plan for 516

Fence-rail colony 21

France, N. E 209, 742

Fumigating diseased combs 742

Gemmill, F. A 257

Georgetown, Colo 1

Glass-bottom boat (.Julian's) 644

Grand Canyon Hotel 497

Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. 289, 833

Hall (Luella) and swarm 1

Harbison, J. S 709

Harris, Jas. U 561

Hive-entrance reducer 260

Hiving a swarm 49

Holmes, M. B 193

Home of F. W. Hall 1

Hyde, Mrs. and H. H 785

Lewis, G. B 657

Los Angeles convention group 801

Martin, John H 146

McEvoy, Wm 225

Mclntyre, J. F 647

Miller, F. J 25"

Moki family ^5

Movable extracting-house 130

Muth, Fred W "69

Newman, Thos. G 177

Newton , John 225

Out-apiary of Geo. W. Brodbeck 721

Parade wagon of F. W . Hall 1

Pettit, Morley 353

Post, C. W 225

Pouder, Walter S 737

Pryal, W. A "57

Queen-cells 199

Root, A.I 693

Scene on Georgetown and Silver Plum

trip 1

Sibbald, H. G 193

Smith, J. Q 481

Snakes in Kiva 385

Sparling. J. W IQS

Stanley Queen Incubator and Brooder — _82
Sweet clover 713

Tank (Huff's) for fumigating combs 743

Toepperwein, Udo 625

Touchlon-, Rufus 401

"Umbrella Rock" in garden of Gods 1

Ward (C. J.) and apiary 369

Weissenfels (J. A.) and apiary 433

Winter (Rev. H. A.) and home 337

Wood, S 641

Working with Holy Land bees 785

844

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

CORRESPONDENTS.

Abel.B, W. ins
Abel, Hope H. 746, 788
Abbott, Bmerson T. 438
Achard, Chas. B. 507
Adams, George "W. 45
Aden, J. R. 509
Alkin, R. C. UP, 166
Alden, A. J. 499
Aldrich, B. A.252
Alexander, C. 813
Alley, Henry, 24, 198.

343. 375, 407, 440
AUinger. G. (J. 27
Alpaugh, J. 36
Amos, Mrs. A. L. 714,793
Anderson. A. G. 479
Anderson, A. S. 427
Anderson, Blla, 649
Andes, M. D. 439
Andrews. D. E. .590
Andrews. Marion F. 780
Ansell, Walter R. 486
Archer, Dr. J. 683
Archibald, E. 349, 5.57
Ascha. C. G.395
Atkerson, A. W. 173
Atkins. Frank W. 338
Atwater. E. F. 116,550
Austin. Kate V. 42. 265.

444. 633
Avera, Mary E. 425
Aurieh. C. E. 749
Ausmus. J. B. 831

Bachtel.I. C. 130
Bafion, D. C. 395
B3ier, J.L. 590
Baker. C.W. 81 1
Baker. John M. 236
Bailey. Elisha, 1119, 491
Bailey, W. M. 7.50
Baldwin. A. Y. 130,269
Banker. Fred, 254
Barber, C. .7. 78. S25
Barber. Ira. 302
Barb.J.S. 84, 253
Barclay, Richard D. 2d.

621
Barrette. Mrs. Paul, 487
Barrus. B. F. 718
Bartz, A. C. F. 299, 360,

411,412,542.600.663
Beardsley. E. H. 21
Beaudin. A. L. 13
Bechly, Fred. 28
Beck, Baptist. 739
Bee, Auntie, 329
Beer, H. 270. 3"1
Beiler. A.S. 606
Bell. G. W. 460.733
Bennett, B. S. K. 30, 94
Benson, V. H. 444
Bergdoll, Louis J. 568
Best, Henry, 269

Bingham, T. F. 428, 712,

809

Blackwood. 671

Blake, Jos. 361

Blair, L. U. 156. 253, 44.5,

683
Blanton, Dr. O. M. 44,559
Blocher. D. J. 268
Blocher, John A. 60
Blunk. J. P. 338. 830
Bohrer, Dr. G. 391. 428.

696
Boomer, A. 15, 331

775

Boyd. U. 8.347.412.780
Bradford. Mrs. K. G. 520
Bradford. Jr.. E.G. 133
Bradish. C. W. 46
Bragg. W. P. 307
Brewer. M. L. 463
Briggs, F. B. 765
Brodbeck, Geo. W. 52.

132, 204, 484
Broderick. Thos. 204
Brown. Chas. D. 253
Brown, James. 190
Brown. Mrs. D. W. 472.

840

Buchheim, F. 8.75
Bull. John 0.606
Burdette. Ethel M. 376
"Burgett, Nina. 649

Burrow. Mrs. Ben D. 580
Butler. J. M. 475
Byer. B. L. 93. 318, 462
Byer, J.L. 39

Callbreath, John S. 219
Cameron, Mrs.Peter,537
Caneday, Victor V. 712
Carpenter, A. B. 256. ho7
Ciirr. J. K. ■.::■<>

Cmi

, Un

24,414

, \V. I'. J;!-

Castlu. K. K. jiK
Chamberlln, C. C. 338
Chambers. J. aj. 63, 104,

143, 599
Chantry. Thos. 812
Chase, H, H. 798
Christensen. Hans, 606,

686
Christie, J. M. 523
Ciirysler, W. A. 88
CUley.Chas. w. 294
Clark, J. L 590
Cleary, Wm. 381. 609
demons, Chas. F. 827

Cleveland, Ralph D. 365
Cline, John, 61,590
Clymer, H. C. 380
Coates, John, 524
Coe. E.W. 116
COKgshall.W. L. 708
Common-sense Bee-

Keeping, 745
Conkle. S. Q. 1.55, 606
Congdon, H. W. 174
Cook, Prof. A. J. 22, 102,
229.293, 3.56, 422. 436,
517,597, 631, 760
Cooper. Mrs. A. B. 603
Corey, John G. 236. 725
Cornelison, H. W. 250
Coverdale. Frank. 203,

327

Cowan, Thos. Wm. 519
Coyle, W. R. M.749
Craig. Harry S, 253
Cra'g, J. M. 317,
Crane. J. A. 371. 382
Crane, J. E. 61, 310, 415,

429
Cram, M. F. 309
Creaser, Wm. R. 254
Creelman.G. C. 574
('reighton, J. G. 750
Crim. S. T. 706
Crone. Geo. S. 683
Cruickshank. Mrs. C. G.

Dadant, C. P. 7, 71. 149,
231, 246. 263, 326.344,
391, 423, 471. 518,663,
696. 776, 807, 821,836
Dalrymple. A. 445
Darby, A. W. 718
Darling. J. K. 69
Darling, W. J. 654
Darnell, W. O. 349
Darrow. Chas. M. 12
Davenport, C. 374, 453,

501
Davenport. F J. R 59
Davidson. Dr. B. M. 77
Davis. J. H. 461
Davis. Mortimer, log
Davis. P. H. 111,426
Davis. W.J. 1st. 237
Degroff, Frank S. 77
Degroff. John. 557
Deitz. A. M. 2.54
Dingman. G. L. 822
Dittmer, Gus, 325
Dockham, A. T. 591
Doolittle, G. M. 39, 16.=i,
262, 278. 295, 3li', 333.
398, 419. 470, 479,495.
815
Dopple. Chas. J. 12
Drake. F.H. 254.324
Drinnin. S. P. 526
Duclos, Chas. 827
Dudley, G.E. li-2
Durham. D. L. 463
Durr. G. C. 379
Dusty. M. 472
Dye, R. R. 396

67
Eddy. Mrs. Geo. S. 247
Edwards. Evan E. 222
Edwards O D. ;91
Ellis. K.B. 766
Elmore. L. W. 301
Brdman. John, 108
Erickson. A. G. 68fi
Evans, Clara West. 568
Evans, J. D. 37
Kvers. D. B. 219. 395
Bverson, E. N. 315

Fairbanks. C. A. U
Ferguson. Mrs. Ben. 172.

455,5 4
Fisher, V. H. 68
Fisher, W. 379
Fixter. John. 54
Flanagan, B. T. 491
Fleming, Peter, 706
Flick. H. H. 749
Foote. A. F. 46. 733,767
Fox, Blias, 652
France. N. E. 20. 152,

232. 388. 742
Frank, 638
Freeman, A. J. 748

Gallup, Herbert S. 2.59
Garrison. Mrs. J. J. 393
Gathright. W. C. ■i97
Gehring. J, D. 183, 359
Gent, F. 76

George, Mrs. Olive. 247
Getaz. Adrian, 55. 61,407,
550. 557, 727

Gill, M. A. 260, 271. 342.

.574, 718
Gilman, Mrs. J. H. 775
Gilstrap, W.A. 11.318
Godfrey, James. 29
Golden, J. A. 653
Gore, Thos. 300
Qoss, R. V. 524
Goucher, Warren. 477
Graening, Dr. C. H. 699
Graham, Fred E. 591
lireen. J. A. 197,139
Green. Wm. W. 162

Greiner, F. 15. 214, 327,

Gritath. Sarah J. 121.216.
280.441. 551.680.840

Grover, James. 683
GuDzel, F. J. 159

Hachenberg, G. P. 308
Hagood.J. M.348
Hairston. J. T. 55, 150,

Hall, Mary J. 410
Hall. LuellaR. 9
Hall, T. S. 2P9, 347
Halley,Mr8.Rebecca.377
Hambangh, Hon. J. M.

328. 375
Hammond, L. A. 11, 155.

253, 348
Hanegan. Leo F. 420

Harrah. D. A. 446

Harris, C. 8. 92. 435
Harris, W. D. 28. 447
Harrison. Mrs.L. 12.251.

283.4.59,603,714

Hartman, Sanford, 286
Hartwig, Wm. 748
Harvey. M. W. 475
Hasty, E. E. 347
Hatch. Mrs. H..55I
Hatch, O. L. 606
Hawk. G. D. 12
Hawkeye, 205
Hayek, B. W. 444
Hazleton. Alice. 681
Heath. Samuel. 189
Heberly. J. A. 104
Heffner. Floyd. M. 638
Heim, Wm. H. 252
Henrv.Mrs. C. 680
Henry, Inez J. 583
Herlong. D. H. 333
Hershiser, O. L. 419
Hey. W. H.411
HigBins. H. A.:07
Highbarger. L. 379
Hilbert. James, 654
Hill, H. E. 531
Hill. B. F. 279
Hinckley. Geo. E.835
Hobbs. J.M. 158, 543
Hogarty, W. P. 667
Hoffman. Mrs. E. K. 167
Holekamp. Robt. A. 380
Holtermann, R. F. 283,

300. 357, 383
Hooker, A. B. 582
Hoover. A. M. 460
Hornback. Jas. 446
House. Alice M. 728
House. Howard H. 718
Houser. Mi S.Mary B.345
Howe, Geo. B. 575
Huffman. B. B. 77
Hunsberger. Guy. 284
Hunt. F. H. 589
Hunt. Geoffrey, A. 381
Hunter, J. N. 284
Hunter. Rachel. 714
Huntington, Mrs. R. A.

488. 68(1

Hurlev, Theo. S. 254, 446

Hvde. H. H. 319, 396,558,

599, 7«9. 791
Hyde, O. P. 615

Irish. James H. 357

Jachins-tal. Fred. 175
Jacot, A. ('. 782
Jefferson. W. D. 668
Jeffrey. H.L. 312

Jones, H. L. 447. 451

Johnson. J. E. 23, 135,
215, 60i>, 648, 685, 700,
702,716, 776. 813
Johnson. J. W. 590, 766
Johnston, A. B. 379

Kauffman.E. H. 477
Keller. Jos. 27n
Kellogg. Frank B. 540
Kelly. Geo. K. ^3l
Kennedy. John. 623.837
Kennedy, Miss L C.409
Kemp. chas. E. 302, 462
Kerr, F. M. 75
Kerr. Geo. 798
Ketchara. D. M. 263
Kilgore. A. J. no-, 381
King. Mrs. L.m 0.536
Kingsley.F. 2i;:i
Klick, A. H.4JO
Kluck. N. A. 411.485.508
Knapp. Frank B. 203.748

Knowles. Mrs. Q. W. 441
Koentz. C. H. 734
Kolls. GuBtavus. 315
Kompophakelleremon.

621

Lawrence, C. M. 298
Laws. Mrs. W. H. 216 3
Lemaster. P. T. 45
Leonard, L. D.. 844
Leudloff, Herman. 270
LeupoId.Gustav. no .
Lincoln, C. M. 286. 396.

605

Lockett, James, 716
Lovesy. B. S. 5
Lyon, Bmma A. 45d
Lytle, T. 6

MacFarlane. Etta. 697
Mack, Mrs. L. 441
Mahin.Bev. M.750
Marks. W. F. 151
Martin. J, U. 13
Martin, W J. .506. .590
Martin, Wm. R. 667, 780
Matson. 8. A. 706
Mayer. Georgia. 441
McBrlde, A. J. 302
McBride. F. 384. 379. 556
McCain. Rev. R. B. 394,
604. 804

McClelland. A. 334
McColley. R. L.
McClanathan. A. 556
McDowell. P. 108
McBvoy.Wm. 70,75,147,

\97. 264. 517
Mrlntyre. J. F 6.646
McKinnon.C. P. 526
McLean. I). A. 478
McLend. D.C. .381,590
McNay. F. 3K4. 708
McNeal, W. W. 447, 791,

844
Mead, W. E. 638
Mears. Mrs. C. D. 455.

473. 665
Medkiir, L. C. 242

Michael. J. F. 174
Miles, E.g. 315
Miller. Arthur C.I36,163,
230, 261', 275, 278. 290,

627

Miller, Dr. C. C. 52, 76

179, 246, 308, 355,469.
471. 478, 484, 531,677,

Miller. S. E. 180, 395, 430,

573,819
Miller, Wm. 46
Mitchell. W. 8. 78
Moe, Glen E. 685
Moloney. George J. 523
Moore. Herman F. 84,

163, 264, 324. 405. 486
Moore. J. P. 547
Moore, W. A. 797
Moore. W. H. 637
Morgan, E. A. 85
Morgan, Lillian M. 617
Morrett. S.76
Morrell. F. L. 798
Morris, C. E. .367
Mosher.Mrs. L. A.568
Mottaz. A. 283
Mourn. G. W. 813
Munson. Nettie A. 455
Mutschler. Belle, 820

Nebraska Su bBcriber,798
Neillie. Chas. R. 462
Nelson. Andrew. 426
Nevada Aplanst. 604
Newell, Wilmon. 142.=i56

Patton. J. 8. 287, 388,

700.731
Payne. 8. M. 424
Peet, Minnie. 472, 632
Peiro, Dr. F. L. 492, 637
Pennoyer. L. A. 285
Perry. L. H. 382
Pettit, Money, 643. 717
Pettit. 8. T. 236. 254, 299
Phillips. Geo. 652
Palmer, S. A. 45
Poppleton, O. O. 532.535,

708
Porter, H. II. 813
Porto Kico, 133
Ponder. Walter 8. 745
Presswood. Luther, 348
Price. D.J. 335
Pryal. W. A. 757, 772

Quirin, H. G. 268. 844

Ramer. P. B. 127.445
KasmuJ^sen, Frank, 21
Reed. J. A. 615
Keed. Oren S. 269
Rehort.t. Theodore, 76
Keiber. Wm. 254
Reno. J. T. 783
Rex. Geo. T 332
Reynolds. Manfred, 237
Rice. l>. K. 174
Hichter. A. 5»5
Rick. Dr. J. B. 685
Ricketts. L. V. Ill
Koblnsnn, J. W. 60
Rockenbach, Geo. 558

Root. H. H. 85
Root. W. H. 749
RoBseau. L. C. 173

Rosson. Lon. 123.239.269
Ruggles. Wm. 412
Russell. C.R. 191,254
Russell. Wm. 733
Rystrum. J. G. 204

Sager, Grace W. 392
Sanderson. Prof. E. D.

535, 692
Sanford. James. 123
Sanford. Riley. 173
Sawyer. Dr. W. G. 414
Schmidt, B. P. 109. 316.

781
Scholl. Louis H. 565
Schoppenhorst. H.A.525
Schweinhagen.H. D. 360
Secor. Eugene. 51, 101
Seltz. Wm. 2B8
Semmena. John S. 162
Shaffer. W. G. M. 44
Shepard. A, D. 127
Sherfey. H. M. 46. 219
Sherman. S. L. 203
Shirk. B. P. 555
Shockey. Ira, 750
Shupe, Anna. 583
Shutt, Prof. Frank T.3IS
Simmlns, Samuel, 67,147
Simmons, Luke, 606
Simon, M.N. 110
sutler. C. J. 27
Slack. Geo. B. 126
Smith, A. W;40. 461. 825
Smith, Elizabeth M. 520
Smith. B.L 637
Smith, Jas. R. 460
Smith. S. B. 316. 700
Smyth. Dr. A. W. 398,836
Snell, F. A. 220. 333
Bossaman. M. H. 76.203
Spitler. George. 12
Stachelhausen.L. 7C,150.

245,359.581
stain inger. N. 270
Stanley, Arthur. 59
Stanley* Son, Thos. C.

723

Stewart. John C. 268
Stimson, C. 222
Stlnebrlng, Geo. W. 183.

749
Stokesberry, R. R. 445
Stolley. Wm. 206
Stone, Henry A. 732
Stone. Homer C. 207
Stone. Jas. A. 404

Tabor. Mrs. A. W. 361
Tarbox, Mrs. R. 376
Taylor. R. L. 502, 590.835
Theilmann, C 349
Thiike, Louisa. 424
Thompson, P. L. 814
Thompson. R. 11
Townsend. B. D. 243

Travis. Alma. 504
Travis. 1. A. 780
Travis. L. L. 60
Trimberger, John, 516
Trowbridge. 8. .524
Tuchschmid. U. 836
Tucker. E. 506
Tull, John P. 27
Tyler. Fred. 348, 508

Urich. Wm. 174

459

, Carson,

Vangundy, G. W. 27, 108.

269. 556
Van Meter, W. 8. 730
Vieta, Col. G. a. 13
Virginia Bee-Kteper.

751,838

Wagner, A. F. 749
Wagner. Lucy M. 137
Wagner. Norton, 174
Waite. M. B. 243
Wainright, Catherine.

807

Ward. Edwin, .590
Weber, C. H. W. 180, 227
Weber, S.J. 541
Webster. B. S. 734
Welch. D. H. 452
Wells. G.H. 162, 254,606,

844
West, Mrs. C. B. 296, 350
West.J. M. 541
Wheeler. Frances E.e97
Whitcomb.Geo. B. 140,

188.366.477
White. J. G. 364
White, Martha. 424,807
Whit". N. R. 444
Whitlord.G. M.380
Whitney. Wm. M. 79,

387,412,655.821
Whipple, W. W. 413
Wiggins, F.C. 299
Wiley, S. E. 410
Wilkerson.S. M. 299
Williamson. G. B.123,157
Wilson. B.B. 654
Wilson. G. W. 380
Wing. Jas. H, 238
Winter, Rev. H. A. 108
Wiseman. Dr. W. A. 303
Wittner. C. U.541
Womack. C. A. 426
Wood, Delos. 444. 766
" Wrexham." 255

Yahnke, Frank. 822
Yonson. Yon. 92, 108,477
York, Anderson. 463
York, i^eorge W. 7. 118
York County Bee-Keep-
er. 670, 783, 803
ig, A. G. 526

Zahner. M. 77
Zeigler. A. 190
Zoll, C. 316

c

FROM MANY FIELDS

3

First Snap of Winter.

We are just having our flret snap of winter
here, the temperature playing around zero
the past few days. Bees have gone into win-
ter Quarters in tine shape.

H. G. Quirin.

Huron Co., Ohio, Dec. 1'.

A Correction.

Friend York : — In the 3d paragraph of my
article, on page 791, an error appears. Please
correct as follows : This being the case, then
practically the progeny of the young queens
was not old enough to gather honey prior to
the date of Aug. s. As it stands there, the
type makes me say that none of the young
queens were old enough, etc.

Scioto Co., Ohio. VV. W. McNeal.

Wintering in anlOut-Building.

I had 14 colonies to begin the season of
1003 with, and now have 40, all in good con-
dition, besides getting 600 or 700 pounds of
comb honey. I have stored the bees in^ an
out-building, stacked in four hives wide and
three high, in a room 0x13, and about 5 or 6
feetlhigh. They have plenty of air, but nearly

Dec. 31, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

845

dark. I weighed them, and they averaged 50
pounds, none less than 44 pounds. The S-
frame hives weigh 20 pounds, leaving 24
pounds for the bees and honey. I weighed a
good many of them Nov. 1, and then again
Dec. 8, and found that they had consumed
and lost from 4 to 5',_, pounds per colony, the
heaviest loss seeming to be in those that had
weighed the heaviest, some as much as IVA
pounds. I raised the covers and put a double
thickness of muslin over the frames, and then
put on the cover again.

George H. Wells.
Johnson Co., Mo., Dec. 13.

Did Better Than the Average.

I have been a subscriber to the American
Bee Journal only one year, but I have never
wanted 'my money refunded, as I consider
that I have learned more than a dollar's
worth from its pages. But being "only a
renter,'' my bees seem to have hardly a fair
chance, as I have to move them around so
much. I commenced three years ago with 5
colonies, and did not know the difference be-
tween a queen-bee and a horse-fly, but I think
with the aid of the "Old Reliable," etc., I
will be able to produce enough honey for
home use.

Last spring I had 10 colonies, increased to 16,
and took off about 600 pounds of comb honey,
mostly white clover. I had some customers
who said that my honey was the best they
ever ate. I have the long-tongue Italians, and
I know that they stored a better average than
any bees in my locality this year, and I com-
pared with some "old hands at the business,"
too. Ltman North.

Page Co., Iowa, Dec. 11.

Report of the Minnesota State Con-
vention.

The Minnesota State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion met Dec. 3 and 3 at Minneapolis.

The meeting was interesting and successful
from a social point of view, and instructive
scientifically. Papers were read by Fres.
Wm. Russell, Mrs. H. G. Acklin, Prof. F. L.
Washburn, State Entomologist; Walter An-
sell, S. Lindersmith, N. P. Aspinwall, Mrs.
W. S. Wingate, G. R. Frye, Dr. E. K. Jaques,
Wm. Cairncross, and George A. Ferguson.

The work of the Association, through spe-
cial committees for the year, has been in the
direction of displacing adulterated honey
from the market, and a constant pressure is
made on the State Dairy and Food Commis-
sion to this end. Samples have been collected
and sent to the Commission for examination,
and they have sent warnings to grocers, and
sales of adulterated goods stopped. The
hardest thing in this line we have to contend
with is the man without a name or a place of
business, who goes from house to house and
makes his sales.

Another direction in which the Association
has made advance is in the facilities for ex-
hibiting honey and the bee-keeping industry
at our State Fair. We have made a gain from
year to year in this exhibit until it is one of
the finest at the fair.

There was much interest developed at the
meeting in regard to co-operation in the bee-
keeping industry. Two papers were read,
and a committee appointed, of which Walter
R. Ansell was made chairman, to further the
interests of bee-keepers in this direction. Any
one interested in this matter is invited to
communicate with the chairman of this com-
mittee.

The oflicers elected for the coming year are :
President, E. K. Jaques; 1st Vice-President,
S. La Mont : "id Vice-President, Walter R. An-
sell ; 3d Vice-President, John Doll ; Secretary,
Mrs. W. S. Wingate, of Richfield; Treasurer,
L. D. Leonard; Executive Committee, Wm.
Kussell and Wm. MacCuen.

L. D. Leonard, Sec.
Hennepin Co., Minn.

BOYS

WE WANT WORKERS

Boye, Girls, oldandyounj^aliko,

make money working for ub.

We famlfih capita] toel*rt von in huA-

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Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those

large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant «& Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex-
plained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

144 .^ 146 E

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CHICAGO

ILI,.

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lime before you have to renew the Pace Fence you
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PAfiK WOVEN MIRK KENCK CO., Adrian, Mich.
Please mention Bee Juumal "when 'writms.

"What Happened to Ted"

BY ISABKLLB HORTON.

This is a true story of the poor and unfor-
tunate in city life. Miss Horton, the author,
is a deaconess whose experiences among the
city poverty stricken are both interesting and
sad. This particular short story — 60 pages,
5x6% inches, bound in paper cover — gives
somewhat of an insight into a little of the
hard lot of the poor. Price, postpaid, only 10
cents (stamps or silver.) Address,

ISABELLE HORTON.
227 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III.

BEE=B00K5

SENT POSTPAID BY

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

Hi & 146 E. Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller.— This book contains 328 pages,
is pound in handsome cloth, with gold letters
and design ; it is printed on best book-paper,
and illustrated with 112 beautifuV original
half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller him-
self. It is unique In this regard. The first
few pages are devoted to an interesting bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Miller, telling how he
happened to get into bee-keeping. Seventeen
years ago he wrote a small book, called "A
Year Among the Bees," but that little work
has been out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the former
book is found in the new one, it all reads like
a good new story of successful bee-keeping
by one of the masters, and shows in minutest
detail just how Dr. Miller does things with
bees. Price, §1.00.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona Col-
lege, California. This book is not only in-
structive and helpful as a guide in bee-keep-
ing, but is interesting and thoroughly practi-
cal and scientific. It contains a full delinea-
tion of the anatomy and physiology of bees.
544 pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Langstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture has
been entirely re-written, and is fully illus-
trated. It treats of everything relating to
bees and bee-keeping. No apiarian library is
complete without this standard work by Rev.
L. L. Langstroth— the Father of American
Bee-Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, S1.20.

AB C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.

Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages, de-
scribing everything pertaining to the care o£
the honey-bees. Contains about 400 en-
gravings. It was written especially for begin-
ners. Bound in cloth. Price, ?1.30

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.— A method
by which the very best of queen-bees are
reared in perfect accord with Nature's way.
Bound in cloth and illustrated. Price, $1.00;
in leatherette binding, 60 cents.

Bees and Honey, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure and Profit, by Thomas G.
Newman. — It is nicely illustrated, contains
160 pages. Price, in cloth, 75 cents; in paper,
50 cents.

Advanced Bee-Culture, Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.— -The
author of this work is a practical and enter-
taining writer. You should read his book;
90 pages; bound in paper, and illustrated.
Price, 50 cents.

Bienen-Kultur, by Thomas G. Newman.
— This is a German translation of the princi-
pal portion of the book called '"Bees and
Honey." 100-page pamphlet. Price, 25 cents.

Apiary Register, by Thomas G. New-
man.— Devotes two pages to a colony. Leather
binding. Price, for 50 colonies, $1.00.

Dr. Howard's Book on Foul Brood.

— Gives the McEvoy Treatment and reviews
the experiments of others. Price, 25 cents.

Winter Pr<ibleni in Bee-Keeping, by
G. K. Pierce. — Result of 25 years' experience.
Price, 30 cents.

Foul Brood Treatment, by Prof. F. R.
Cheshire. — Its Cause and Prevention. 10 ots.

Foul Brood, by A. R. Kohnke. — OriglQ,
Development and Cure. Price, 10 cents.

846

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

jjy >t»: jstj^xfexV xV >V xV M^ W xV xV xtx xt/ xtotot^ yty >tK>tx

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Everythiaff used by Bee-Keepers,

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WALTER S. POUDER, k

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3 Percent Disccunt S-aS."" a

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Send for our 1904 Catalog and Price-L,ist. Our

HIVES and SECTIONS are perfect in worlinianship and material |

By sending in your order now, you will save money, and S^

secure prompt shipment. S:

PAGE & LYON MFG. CO., New London, Wis. iJs A |

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Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are
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Price-List.

THE MARSHFIELD MANUFACTURING CO., Marshfield, Wis.

^'MICHIQAN^^

We are Jobbers of BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES in this State, representing

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Several carloads contiouously on hand. Send for our 40-page Illustrated Catalog.

LEWIS C. & A. Q. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Hich.

Please mention Bee jotimai wnen writing

k:r,E3TCkci>4:bk- i^fcs-. go
r,h:id oa-ic, IOWA..

3 Percent ^^
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Send at once for Catalog'* -with prices and discounts.

E. Grainger 6z Co., Toronto, Ont., Sole Ag-ents for Canada.

GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

New York.— The annual meeting of the Os-
wego County Bee-Keepers* Association, will be
held at Oswego, N.Y., Tuesday, Jan. 12, 1904.
N. E. France, General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Aesociation, will be present and.
address the meetiug. All persons interested in
bee^ are cordially invited to be present.

Chas. B. Allen, Sec.

Central Square, N. Y.

ninnesota.— The annual meeting of the South-
eastern Minnesota and Western Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet at Winona,
Minn., at the Court House, in the County Com-
missioners* rooms, on Tuesday, Jan. r» (and 20),
1004. A full attendance of the members, their
wives and friends, is invited to this, oui annual
meet. All bee-keepers evervwhere are cordially
invited to attend. W. K. Bates, Pies.

Stockton, Minn.

New York.— Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis.. General Manager of the National Bee-
Keepers' As<50ciation, has been secured by the
Bureau of Farmers' Institutes to speak at a
series of Bee-Keepers' Institutes in connection
with the local bee-keepers' societies as fol-
lows: Canandaigua. Jan. 6 and 7: Romulus,
Jan. S; Cortland, Jan. 9; Auburn, Jan. 11; Os-
wego, Jan. 12; Amsterdam, Jan. 13; Syracuse,
Jan. 14 and 15. The meeting on the 15th will be
that of the New Y'ork State Association of Bee-
Keepers' Societies. C. B. Howard, Sec.

Romulus, N. Y.

California. — The fourteenth annual conven-
tion of the California State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will be held in the Assembly Room of
the Chamber of Commerce, at Los Angeles,
Jan. 4 and 5. 1904. The convention will be
called to order at 1:30 p.m.. Jan. 4tb. If you
cannot be present send $1.00 for annual dues
and be members nf both the State and National
Associations. When you buy your railroad
ticket ue sure and ask the railroad agent for a
receipt, and if 50 persons in attendance have re-
ceipts we can get return tickets for ^i fare.

T. O. Andrews, Pres.

J. F. McIntyre, Sec.

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G. G. STUTTS GLftSS GO.,

Manufacturers,

145 Chambers St. NEW YORK, N. Y,

45D5t Write for illustrations.

5 I 2'^° ^

45A26t Please menti.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time and
freight. Four percent off for cash orders in
December. M. H. HUNT & SON.

Bell IJranch, W.'vyne Co,, Mich.

M

ORE EGGS

HUMFHREY, Kemp Street Factory, JOUET, ILL

Dec. 31, 1903.

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

847

3 Percent Discount During January I

List, and order now. Take advantat'e of tUh

J"LrST THIXSriC OF IT !

G. B. LEWIS CO., Manufacturers' of Bee-Keepers' Supplies,

WATERTOWN, WISCONSIN. U.S.A.

it WE HAVE GROWN f

9 TOO BIG FOR OUR PRESENT QUARTERS. ^

^^ The rapid expansion of our business has driven us out, and on January 1st we »^

■^ will be located at 51 WALNUT STREET. This forced change will remove us ^'

'■^ only half a block from our old boms, bui tnere we will have four floors, with increased »•

■^ facilities, and a TREMENDOUS NEW STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES. ^i

:^ We Have To Do This. We Lead. S:

r5 In the new place nothing will be lacking. You will find a complete line of every- ^;

..a thing in the heeline. ^.

9 The MUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLES OF DOVETAILS, DADANT'S FOUNDA- ^

:^ TION e<f. Sneciil Discounts for Early Orders. COME AND SEE US. ^

'^ QUEEN-BEES and Nuclei in season. Send for Catalog. ^-

% The Fred W, Muth Co,, '''^""* aNciNNAxi, ohio. ^

HONFY=IARS HONEY AND BEESWAX

' *^^^^'-' * «-li^IV.«J» When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

WANTED— Comb Honey in quantity lots.
We are perhaps the only dealers in this article
owning as much as 150,000 pounds at one time.
Please state quaatity, quality and price asked
for your offerings, Thos. C. Stanley & Son,
24Atf Manzanola, Colo., or Fairfibld, III.

I can sell you a White Glass Honey-Jar, hold-
ing 15 ounces of honey, at $4-00 per gros*. Also
the standard square one-pound Jar at $4.50 per
gross. Sample of either Jar by mall on receipt
of 10 cents fcr postage.

J. H. M. COOK, Bee-Keepers' Supplies

70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK CITY.

41Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ir you nant the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS •

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

-al Discounts to the Trade

Hease mentioii liee journal •when •writlna

In do-drip shipping'-cases. Also Amber Ex-
tracted i a barrels or cans. Quote you r best price
delivered Cincinnati. The Fred W. Muth Co.
32Atf Front and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio

25,000 lbs. Honeyforsale
^^^^^— ■— ■— ^— at 6 J6^ cents per lb- for the
lot. Also 3,000 lbs. of A No. 1 white comb honej
in 4x5 sections at 13 cts. per lb.

F. J. aUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
39Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

REMOVAL NOTICE.

We wish to advise our friends that on and after Jan. 1st we shall be
located in our new 3-story building-, 521 Monroe Street, where we shall
keep on hand at all times the largest stock of

Poultry and Bee-Keepers' Supplies in the West.

Remember, we handle ROOT'S GOODS exclusively, and with the low
freight rates, and the 4 percent discount which we offer during December,
enables Toledo to excel all other shipping points. Thanking you for past
favors, and soliciting a continuance of the same, we remain.
Yours truly,

GRIGGS BROS., 521 Monroe St., TOLEDO, OHIO.

Free Catalog. Ask for it.

Headquarters F°" Bee-Supplies

Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight-rates from Cincinnati are the
lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lang-
stroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Oueens ; for pri-
ces refer to my catalog.

C. H.W.WEBER,

CINCINNATI, OHIO,

HONEY AND BEESWAX

ii.\kki';t uruTATioNs

Chicago, Dec. 7.— At this season of the year
there is noi much trade in honey, retailers hav-
ing- laid in their stock for the holidays. Fancy
comb honey for the Christmas trade has
brought IS'-ic; No. 1 grades, 12^@l3c; amber,
■^tSJIoc. Extracted while, brmus 6fo/7c; amber,
5®^c. All extracted honey is sold on its Havor,
quality, kind and style of packag^e. Beeswax,
2«@30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Dec. 10.— Larg^e lots of comb
honey being offered from States that were not
supposed to ha're much Srtock. Bee-men, as
usual, wake up now to the tact that they want
to sell their comb honey and push it on the
market, thus breaking tbe price. If they would
only offer their honey in September, they would
g-et more for it and it would be belter for the
producer and dealer. We quote fancy white,
14(g^Uic; No. 1, 12(a*l4c; buckwheat, 12c. Fancy
extracted, Mc; amber, 6tgt7c. We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission.
Wm. a. Selser.

Albany, N. Y., Dec. 15.— Market very dull,
and lower since the cold weather. (Quotations
have to be shaded, and concessions made to ef-
fect any quantity sales. H. R. Wright.

Cincinnati, Nov. 2*^.— The demand for comb
honey is slower now than it was six weeks ag'o,
owing to the enormous quantities offered on all
sides. Fancy comb is sold in single case lots
at 14c. The supply of extracted honey is big-,
althoug-h the demand is good. We are selling"
amber extracted in barrels at S^^f-^oj^c. White
clover, in barrels and cans, 7i^@Hj4c, according
to quality. Beeswax, 3i)c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 11.— The demand for
white comb honey is better than it was. The
trade is particular and wants only very white,
clean stock. If the wax is yellow from travel-
stain it does not sell well, and price has to be
cut. Fancy whi e comb, 14@15c; A No. 1, 13K
@14c; No. 1, 13@l3Mc; No. 2, 12@12Hc; No. 3,
ll(ajl2c; No. 1 dark comb, ll@12c; No. 2, 10@Uc.
White extracted, 6HfS7c; amber, 66£S63^c; dark,
V^i^siiC. Beeswax, 2S@30c.

W. C. TOWNSEND.

Boston, Dec. 21.— The demand for honey con-
tinues good, with an ample supply of comb, and
a lig-ht supply of extracted. We quote our
market as follows: Fancy white comb. 16@17c;
No. 1. 14@lSc; and practically no No. 2 to offer.
Extracted, 7@sc. as to quality,

Blake, Scott & Lbb.

Kansas City, -Dec. IS —Since our last quota-
tions there have been two cars of western comb
honey put on our market, and same is being-
sold [w'ithout any g-ood reason.) at prices not
justified by market conditions. Fancy white
comb, 24-section cases, $2.65; No. 1, $2.50; No. 2,
$2.40 .Extracted, white, per lb., 7@75^c; amber,
6^b5ic. Beeswax, 25(a^30c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. 18.— The market on comb
honey has weakened, as the supply has been
larger than the demand. Fancy water-white
14c; off grades, lower. Extracted, amber, in
barrels, 5M@5>ic; in 60.1b. cans. Kc more; al-
falfa, water-white, 6(a'6Hc; fancy white clover,
7@i8c. Beeswax, good demand; 30c for nice,
C. H. W.Weber.

New York, Dec. 4.— Comb honey is arriving^
in sufficient quantities to supply the demand,
and, as to the quality, most of the white houej
seems to be off color, more or less. We quote
fancy white at 14c; No. 1 at 13c; amber, ll@l2c;
and buckwheat, 10c. Extracted, light amber,
at 6c; white. bWc; Southern. S5@6Dc per gallon;
buckwheat, 5^c. Beeswax, 28@29c.

HiLDRETH & SbGELKEN.

San Francisco, Oct. 21.— White comb, 1-lb.
frames, 13@14 cents; amber, 9(g;llc. Extracted,
white, 5KCa6%c; light amber, 5(g)5Hc; amber,
4M@Sc; dark amber, 4@4!^c. Beeswax, good
to choice, light, 27)^@2^c; dark, 2S@26c.

Market is more quiet than for several weeks
preceding, but is fairly steady as to value.
Spot stocks and offerings of both comb and ex-
tracted are mainly of amber grades, while most
urgent inquiry is principally for water-white,
the latter being the onlv kind meeting with
much competitive bidding from buyer:. Re-
cent arrivals of honey included a lot of 121
cases from the Hawaiian Islands. The bees of
the Islands feed mainly on sugar.

20,000 Pounds

White Extracted Alfalfa HONEY FOR SALE.
Address.
Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., Ogden, Utah.
46Atf Please mention the Bee Jogrnal.

848

THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 31, 1903.

The Best Bee-Goods
io the World....

are no better thau those we make,
and the chances are that they are not
so good. If you buy of us you
Avill not be disappoiuted.
We are undersold by no
one. Send for new catalog and
price-list and free copy of THE
AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; In its
thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; es-
pecially for beginners.

THE

W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N.H., carries
a full line of our goods at catalog prices.
Order of him and save the freights

■^▼▼▼^r^^ ▼▼▼▼▼•

Please tiienUoi> Bee Joumai when ■wntina-

6 Percent Discount

Our Dovetailed Hives are

. ou will miss it if Tuu don't
all kiads of SUPPLIES. 6 per-
4 percent on all other goods.

To Feb. IS. 1904

I'ERFECTIUN. a

get our prices <
cent on Hives
Write NOW.

THE WOOD=BRUSH BEE-HIVE

AND BOX CO.,

rjA-NSIlTO, - I,4IOH

42Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

mEYES

CUDED

■ AT HOME,

Blmple but certain home cure which has
not only saved dollars for thousands, but
saved eye sight of inestimable value. The

Chilian Eye Treatment r

removes cataracts without the tnlfe, at
home, cures Rranulatcd lida, "oatini;
specks, scums, Rrowths, Bore and inflamed
eves (ailiuK sisht, or we refund your
money. Send full description of your case
and ask for our free boolclet and advice.
Chilian ReiMdr Co., 67 G St , Bushnell. Illinois

B

INGHAM'S PATENT

Smoker.^^

T. F. BINQHAM. Farw^li

<^->«'>«>«N«'^N«N«N«N«\*N*N«^ XAS*'

iOQ^

<N*S«^^*S*^

Bee=Supplies I §

Don't Wait flnu Longer to Buy. a

BiQ Discount tor Orders Now. «
-«^»- g

ite us to-day and say what you j^
nd get our pr'

' ; IS
he

tloosier Incubators and Brooders. <S
C. M.Scott & Co. I

Dept. A. 1004 East Washington Street, £1

0 Indianapolis. Ind. 0

DR. PEIRO'S

OXYGEN

TREATMENT for

WEAK LUNGS

iFrse. DR. PEIRO, Spoclallst,

I52 Dearborn Street, ChicaffO.

Please mention Bee Journal. Dept. 3i4.

■A^}s^ji^]em.js,^iimjii,ja,js,je,ja,ja,je,ja,je^i^^

26111
Year

Dadant's Foundation

26111
Year

We guarantee Satisfaction. ^^^UrT^.^'mSEVt^o^looC^lJ'' >

No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEETING. te

Hrif^e J-f cf^ll cfl Vl/F>ll V Because it has always given better satis- >{

UUC9 It. SCII »U wen r faction than any other. Because in »s years f

there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compliments. W

Why

Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material
We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk.

Bee-Heepers' SuDDlies

OF ALL

KINDS •»»♦» ^^.

Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs
for sale at very low prices.

LanQstroth on the Honey-Bee — Revised,

The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.20, by mail.

BEESWAX WANTED

at all times.

DADANT & SON,

Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill I

Please mention Bee Journal wben 'wrltine.

BEST

ExiraGled Honey For §al6 !

ALL IN eO-POUND TIN CANS.

Alfalfa
Honey J/<C

This is tbe famous
White Extracted Hone\
gathered in the great Al
falfa regionS'Ot the Cent-
ral West. It is a splen-
did honey, and nearly
everybody who cares to
eat honey at all can't get
enough of the Alfalfa ex-
tracted.

Basswood
Honey J^

This is the well-known
light-colored honey gath-
ered from the rich, nec-
tar-laden basswood blos-
soms. It has a stronger
flavor than Alfalfa, and
is preferred by those who
like a distinct flavor in
their honey.

Our honey is put up in tin cans holding 60 pounds of honey each. These
cans are shipped in wooden-boxes, and should arrive safely. We have nothing
but PURE BEES' HONEY to offer, and so guarantee it. Cash must accompany
each order. All prices are f.o.b. Chicago.

Prices of Alfalfa Honey:

One 60-lb. Can (SSc $ 4.80

Two 60-lb. Cans (in 1 box) @7>^c 9.00
(Larger quantities at the 7J4c price.)

Prices of Basswood Honey:

One 60-lb. Can @9c $ 5.40

Two 60-lb.Cans(inlbox) @8c 9.60

(Larger quantities at the 8c price.)

A sample of either Alfalfa or Basswood honey will be mailed on receipt of
10 cents ; samples of both kinds for 16 cents. (Stamps accepted.)

BEESWAX WANTED— We are -paying 28 cents cash or 30 cents in trade for pure
average beeswax delivered in Chicago (or Medina, Ohio.

HONEV-JARS— Don't forget to get our prices on al) sorts of honey-packages.

THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY,

Successors to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,
144- East Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

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